Gass L ic H i Book ^^^j THE OR, CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF ALL THE GREAT POST ROADS, AND MOST IMPORTANT CROSS ROADS, IN THE mnmn statrs, LEADING FROM WASHINGTON CITY TO THE f EVERAL EXTREMITIES OF THE union; AND FROM THE LARGE CITIES AND STATE CAPITALS, TO TOWNS AND INTERESTING PLACES IN VARIOUS DIRECTIONS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE COUNTRV AND VARIOUS SCENERY WHICH THO.>E ROADS PASS THROUGH : Some of the principal Lines of Stages, Steam-boals, and Packets; Statements at large of some of the most Respectable Hotels, Genteel Boarding Houses, Establishments, and Insiitufions, in the large Cities, at the Springs, and Places of Fashionable Resort. A GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES; WITH INFORMATION ON OTHER SUBJECTS INTERESTING TO TRAVELLERS. BY D/f^EWETT, A. M. Lecturei- on Ge.ographtj, WASHINGTON: PRINTED BY DAVIS k, FORCE, (fRANKLIN's HEAD, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. 1825. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, to wit : Be it remembered, That on the 15th of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four, and of the independence of the United States of America the forty- ei3;bth, Peter Force, of the said district, has deposited in the office of the Clerk of the District Court for the District of Co- lumbia, the title of a Book, the right whereof he claims as pro- prietor, in the words following — to wit: " The American Traveller, or National Directory ; contain- ing an account of all the great Post Roads, and most important Cross Roads in the United States, leading from Washington Ci- ty to the several extremities of the Union, and from the large Cities and State Capitals, to towns and interesting places, in various directions, with descriptions of the couirtry, and various scenery which those Roads pass through : Some of the principal Lines of Stages, Steam Boats, and Packets ; statements at large vfsome of the most respectable Hotels, Genteel Boarding House*, Establishments and Institutions, in the large Cities, at the Springs and places of Fashionable Resort. A Geographical and Statistical view of the United States; with information on other subjects interesting to Travellers. By D. Hewett, A. ^. Lecturer on Geography.'' In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, entitled " An act for the encouragement of learning, by secur- jn"^ the copies of maps, charts and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned" — and also to the act, entitled " an act supplementary to an act, entitled 'an act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of MAPS, charts and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned," and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, en- graving, and etclring historical and other prints." In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my [ L. S. 1 hand and affixed the public stal ot my office, the day and year aforesaid. EDM. L LEE, C7ef/c of the Dislrict Court for the District of Columbia* THE AMSIlXCASff TRAVELLED. INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS. In preparing this little work, it was intended to em- body in a volume of a size suitable for the pocket, a correct account as possible of the principal roads in the United States, with brief descriptions of other objects that might be most interesting to a traveller, through this extensive, and, in some degree, yet un- settled, country. The distances from Washington, and from one town, village, or post, to another, were obtained from "A Table of Post Offices, with the Distances from the City of Washington, and capitals of the respective States," published by the direction of the Postmaster General, in 1822, — Some errors which occurred in that table, were discovered and corrected, and from the very nature and extent of the country, more or less errors will be found in similar works, till (here shall be a complete survey of all the roads in the Union — a thing which, if ever, will be at a remote period. We must therefore at present be content with such partial surveys and estimates as can be ob" 'REFACE. tamed ; (he best sources of which are the Post Office Department, and t!ie Notes of Travellers. There have been at least half a dozen little works published, purporting to be partial or complete lists of roads in the United States, all useful and subser- vient to the convenience of travellers. Some of the calendars or almanacks, published at Boston, Phila- delphia, and Charleston, contained convenient tables of roads and distances most travelled through a few states, or the great chain of roads '• from Eastport to Sunbury." The first work purporting to be complete, was pub- lished and continued annually by Mr. John Mellish, geographer, of Philadelphia, in whose death, not on- ly Pennsylvania, but the United States sustain the loss of a most accurate and industrious geographer, as well as patriot. Mr. Shore, postmaster at Peters- burg, Va. published '"' Tiie Merchant and Travellers' Companion," contaitiing an account of the great pub- lic and cross roads, with an outline map of the roads to the Virginia Springs, &c. Besides the a1)ove, va- rious directoiies, guides, travelling companions, have been published, all of which have been found useful, as tending to make our extensive country better known by showing the chain of connection^ as well as dis- tances, from place to place. It was thought that a very considerable and satisfactory improvement could PREFACE. be made by arranging tbe distances of the roads from AVashington to the extremities of the Union ; the cross roads &.c. on one page, and some brief descriptions of the country, the town?, Lc which those roads pass through, on the opposite pages, as is the case in this little work, the convenience and utility of which ar- rangement are very obvious. This plan is, as far as it respects any American work of the kind, original. A brief outline and sketch of the large cities, that a stranger might have a tolerable idea of them before personally surveying them with the eye, is considered highly requisite. In short, a brief description of the United States, with its principal Roads, the principal Cities, the Currencies, with the addition of some other subjects, were altogether thought to be worthy of Publication. COJ^TEJVTS. 1. A General View of the United States. 2. Descriptions of Boston, New-York, Philadelphia, Balti- more, Washington, Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, New- Orleans, with the names and situations of all the principal Streets In those Cities. 3. Statements of all the Great Post-Roads, which lead from Wpshington, District of Columbia, through different States and Cities, to the extremities of the Union, in various directions, noting the distances from place to place, with descriptions of the country, towns, scenery, &c. through which those roads pass. 4. The most important Cross-roads leading from the large Cities to State capitals, and to the Springs and fashionable places of Summer resort. 5. The principal lines of Steam-Boats and Stages in the Union. 6. A Statement at large of some of the best lines of Packet! which sail from large commercial Cities, to other Cities of the United States, and to Great Britain and France. 7. Statement! at large of some of the most respectable Ho- tels and genteel Board'ng Houses, in the large Cities, at the Springs, &c. 8. Statements at large of some of the principal Exchange Broker's Offices, Fashionable Clothing Stores, Companies or Artists, &c. Sic. 9. The most Fashionable Tours, with Descriptions of the Scenery and Interesting Objects, which are found either in, or near the Tourist's way. 10 Remarks on Travellers, Travelling, Public Houses, &q» BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE mWITEB STATES. This great empire extends E. and W. from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Being in length about 3000 miles ; and in breadth, from N. to S., 1600 miles ; having the following general boundaries, viz : British and Russian Territories, N. ; Pacific Ocean, W. ; Republic and Gulf of Mexico, S. ; Atlantic Ocean, E. Taking Washington City, the Capital, fop the Jirst meridian^ the United States extend to 10 deg. E., and 45 W. longitude. Area of States and Territories, about 2,000,000 square miles. With the exception of Louisiana, Ar- kansaw Territory, Missouri State and Territory, and a very small establishment near the mouth of Colum- bia River, the whole region west of the Mississippi, is a vast savage wilderness, opening an immense field for adventurers from the Atlantic states, and Europe. FEATURES. The features of the United States are boldly marked, by three grand, distinct ranges of moun- tains, extending from north in a southerly direc- tion. Though there are various spurs, projecting off in different directions, yet they all may be traced to the following three grand ranges. 1. The Alleghany, which rises in about 48 deg. N. latitude, between Maine and Lower Canada, and ex- tends southwesterly. It is from 150 to 200 miles from the Atlantic coast, to which it runs ne.irly paral- lel. The ranges and spurs of mountains under the general name Alleghany, have different local names ; as the White Mountains of New-Hampshire, an eas- terly-projection the peak of which i« 6,000 feet high ; the Green Mouutams, of Vermont ; Catskill, of New- J 4 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP York ; North Peters, Great Alleghany, Sidelong Hill, in Pennsylvania ; Blue Ridge, North, Wells, Savage and Laurel Hills, in Maryland, Virginia, &:c ; with a variety of names in different States. The range has sovithern terminations, in different spurs, in the States of Georgia, Alabama, and Tennessee. The ranges are again noted, when crossed by roads leading from the Atlantic to the Western States. 2. The Oregon Mountains first appear in the neigh- bourhood of Slave Lake, latitude 60 deg. N., and extend through the United States Territory, into Mexico, where they take the name of Cordillera ; thence a ridge of the same runs south, having a small elevation, which forms the Isthmus of Darien, or Panama; thence into South America, where one range runs along parallel, and near the Pacific Ocean, to the Straits of Magellan ; and many spurs project east and south-east, forming immense valleys for the formation of the waters of Mammoth rivers, Orinoko, Amazon, Plata, &c. 3. The Calijornian Mountains, (so called by that accurate geographer, the late Mr. Mellish,) rise near Nootka Sound, about latitude 50, and running due south, parallel, and near the Pacific, terminates at the promontory of California, latitude 23 deg. north. HIGHEST PEAKS OF MOUNTAINS, IN NORTH AMERICA. White Mountains of Feel. N H. highest peak, Mount Washington. 6,234 Moose Hillock, N. H. 4,036 Mansfield Mountain,Vt. 4,279 Camels Rump, Vt. 4, 188 Saddle-Back, Mass. 4,000 Otter Peak, Va. 3,935 KiUin^ton Peak, Vt. 3,9-^4 CatskiU ) Ptound Top 3,1^04 Mountains \ High Peak, 3,' 18 DECLIVITIES, VALUES, RIVERS, LAKES. From the N. E. extremity of the Alleghany range in Lower Canada, to Alabama, there is a slope or declivity from its summit, towards the S. E. and E., determining the course of the large rivers which flow Ascutney, Vt. 3,30G Monadnock, N. H. 3,254 MountSt. Elias, J\\W. Coast. 17,840 Great Peak on the fron- tiers of Louisiana. 19,785 Fair Weather Mountain, N. W. Coast. 8,970 Mount Edgecombe, do. l,28l THE UNITED STATES. 15 in the same direction, towards the Atlantic. North and west of the same range, there is a north and wes- tern declivity, sending the waters north into the St. Lawrence and Lakes, west and south-west into the Mississippi. From the dividing ridge of the great Oregon, there is an east and south-e;ist declivity, determining the Mi.ssouri, and other vast rivers to the east and south- east, to mingle with the Mississippi, the common out- let of waters from the great valley, between the Alleghany and Oregon mountains. Another great valley, formed by the Oregon mountain east, and the Californian mountain west, accumulates the waters which term the Columbia and its branches, which forces a passage through the last named mountain, to the Pacilic ocean. This valley also gives the large river Colorado, and its tributary stream8, a southern course, into the head of the bay of California. The western declivity of the Californian mountain is loo narrow, and too near the ocean, to admit the accumu- lation of large rivers. LONGEST RIV] ERS ^ OF NORTH AMERICA. Rivers Lengths Course. , From whence Into what Ocean?, milen. discharged. Seas, Gulfe, &c. St. Lawrence, 744 N.E. , Canada, Atlantic. Penobscot, 250 s. Maine, U.S. do. Connecticut, 410 s. Connecticut, do. Hurl son, 334 s. Wew-York,; do. Delaware, 300 s. Pennsylvania, Susquehannah, 450 s. Penn. Maryland, do. Potomac, 620 £'. Maryland & Va. do. James, 450 E. Virginia, do. Pamlico, 3oO E. North Carolina, do. Saiitee, 450 E. South Carolina, do. Savannah, 400 S.E. S. C & Georgia, do. Alabama, 400 S. Alabama, Gulf of Mex co Mississippi, ^2,500 S. Louisiana, do. Red River, 1,500 S.E. Louisiana, Mississippi. Arkansas, 2,000 E. Arkansas, do. Del Norte, 2,000 S.E. Mexico, Gulf of Mexico. Ohio, 1,000 S.W. 111. & Kentucky, Mississippi. Missouri, 3,000 S.E. Missouri, do. Columbia, 1,500 W. U S. Territory, Pacific. ColoradooftheW. 1,000 S.W. , Califoi-nia, Hd. of bay of Cal. 16 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP LAKES. The largest bodies of fresh water, known on the globe, are those which compose a chain of lakes com- prising part of the northern boundary line between the United States and British Territories. Com- mencing with the most easterly, and proceeding west, and north-west, they are as follow : Names. Length. B;eadtb. Depth. He high ijht abore th© est «id6.wal«r. miles. mile*. feet. feet. 1 Ontario, 180 40 50O 230 2 Erie, 270 60 120 565 3 Huron, 250 100 900 695 4 Michigan, 400 50 900 595 5 Green Bay, , 100 20 595 6 Superior, 480 100 900 6i8 SOIL, AND CLIMATE, OF THE UNITED STATES. Strike a line due west from the city of New- York to Easton, Pennsylvania ; thence to Pittsburg, and thence to Columbus, Ohio ; and westward, on the parallel of 40 ceg. north, through Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, and that region of the United States, north of such parallels, has a soil, though favourable to wheat and other grains, is particularly adapted to grazing. Much of the land is stony, and has a tough, durable soil. The temperature and seasons, north of the above line, are more uniform than in southern latitudes. The earth and rivers are frost-bound in this range, from three to four months in the year. Between the above parallel, and a line running from Cape Henry, or the southern line of Virginia, and on the dividing line between Virginia, Kentucky, and Missouri, north ; and North-Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansaw, south ; there is a wide range embracing the middle States of the Union, whose soil is generally- fertile, and well adapted to three great staples, wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco. The climate of this range is extremely changeable. The earth and rivers alter- nately frozen and thawed during the winter months. The region south of the last named sQuthern paral- THE UNITED STATES. 17 lei, ha* generally, except Tennessee, rather a light, sandy soil, interspersed with extremely rich intervals of ailijvian. Its staples of produce are cotton, sugar cane, and rice. Though the climates, &c. of the above three grand parallel ranges partake of each other, as the shades of different colours mingle, and though the soil or climate of a northern latitude of each range may differ from the southern parallel of the same, yet the outline distinction will be found nearly correct. There is a relaxing heat in the last named division, from six to eight months in a year. The climate is much of the year very sickly below the head of tide- waters. LITERATURE, RELIGION, ARTS, SCIEN- CES, &c. EDUCATION. " Public funds For the education of the whole com- munity, are endowments exclusively American, which have been in operation here for several ages, while the most improved governments in Europe, are hut essaying such a ground- work, which, indeed, some of them dread, and others dare not risk. " It is nearly two hundred years since school funds were established by that aboriij;in;il and immortal hive of intelligence, piety, and self-government — the Ply- mouth Colony. "These inestimable appropriations are now incorpo- rated with' all our fundamental institutions. By the constitution of the United States, it is the duty of go- vernment to promote the progress of science and the useful arts. Not one of the eleven new States has been admitted into the Union, without provision in its constitution for schools, academies, colleges, and uni- versities. In rao«t of the original States, large sums of money are appropriated to education, and they claim a share in the great landed investments, which are mortgaged to it in the new States. B 2 13 A BRIEF DESeRIPTION OF *' 1 believe we may compute the number of pupils, instructed at the public schools throughout the United States, at more than half a million. Nearly the whole ©f our minor population are receiving school educa- tion. Besides the multitudes at school, there are considerably more than three thousand under gradu- ates, always matriculated at the various colleges and universities, authorized to grant academical degrees : not less than twelve hundred at the medical schools — several hundred at the theological seminaries — and at least a thousand students at law."* UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES. Colleges &. Universities. Town* a Bowdoin col. at Brunswick, ) ^^ Waterville col Walerville, ^ Dartmouth col. Hanover,.. N, H. Vt^rmont u. Burlington ) y MiHdlebury col. Vfidrllebury ^ H; rvard u. Cambridge.... i ■W'iHiatuPC WiHiatnstown ? Mass. Amherst c. Amhprst, * Brown u. Providence, R. I. Yale c. New-tJaven, Conn. Union c. Schenectady,..., ^ Hiiiiilton c. Clinton, C M Y Columbia C.N. Y. city ?^-^- W'lthington, iStaten Island j New Jersey c. Princeton, ...N J. Pennsylvania u. Philad'a, Dickinson c. Carlisle,.... Jetferson, Ca monsburg, .. > Penn. VVashington, Wasliington' Alleghariy, Meadville,... Maryland u. Baltimore,... 'J St. Vlary's c. Baltimore.,.. ( ^ . Balumore c. Baltimore,.... I 3t. John's c. Annapolis,.... ) Georgetown c. Geo. Town, ^ r) q Columbian c Washington, ^ ^ See Ingersoll's Annual Oration before the American Philosp- pliical Society, in Philadelphia, from wliitih a luiBiber ©f sUjitisti^tf! swJbjecls ate taken. udents Incorpo. Vols ID Pro. 1 1822, rated. Libraries, fes. sor« 120 1795 5,000 4 27 1818 a 138 1769 12.000 7 40 1791 1,000 6 87 180(J 2,000 4 302 1638 26,000 20 79 1793 1,500 2 98 • • .. 1.300 3 157 1764 7.500 9 371 1700 12,000 10 234 1794 9,000 £ 107 1812 2,000 3 uo 17.34 4,000 5 .... 1817 ., 148 1738 8,900 2 .... 17.55 ...... 17 76 i;;i3 3,000 3 82 1801 1,000 3 lUO 18U2 ...... 2 10 1817 1,000 • ».» 1812 11 «... 1804 .... 1807 ,, .... 1784 ...... ,, .... 1781 7,000 ,, 51 1821 5 THE UNITED STATES. 19 Colleges &. Universiiies. Towns and Studen s Incorpo- Vol in Pro- states, in 1822. rated. Librahea. fea- sors. Wm.& Mary O.Williamsburg "\ .... 1691 Hampden Sidney c. Prince/ Edward County V Va 1774 1 Washington c. Lexington,.. I .... 180l 2,000 3 Virginia u. Albemarle Co. ,. } .... 1817 •• N. Carolina u. Chapel Hill, N.C. l65 1789 4 S. Carolina c. Columbia, ....S. C lOO 1801 5,000 4 Fianklin c. Athens, Geo. 119 1785 2,000 3 ]New-Orleans c. N Orleans,. .La. .... 1805 Knoxviile c. Knoxville,.. > ^ 18 18'21 1 Greenville c. Greene Co. 5 *^""* .i. 1794 Transylv'Hiia u. Lexington, Ken. 121 1798 3,000 12 Ohio u. Athens J Ohio '•*• ^^^^ '* Cincinnati c. Cincinnati., $ *°* .... 1819 There are about ten thousand physicians in the United States, and Mediciil Colleges for their educa- tion in Massachusetts, Rhode-Island, Connecticut, New- York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Ohio. There are also two Medical Universities in the State of New- York, one in Pennsylvania, one in Maryland, one in Massachusetts, and one in Kentucky, containing alto- gether about twelve hundred students. There are upwards of seven hundred congrega- tional churches in the New-England States, alone, and nearly that number of clergymen of that deno- mination, including pastors, unsettled ministers, and licensed preachers. There is a Theological Seminary at Andover, in Massuchusetts, containing about one hundred and fifty students in Divinity. In Maine, there is a Theological Seminary, with two professors and about forty pupils. Harvard and Yale Colleges have Theological departments attached to them, with professors, and a considerable number of students. In Cornwall, Connecticut, there is also a Heathen Mi-sion School, in which about thirty youth, born in India, on the Pacific ocean, and the western wilds of this continent, or other Heathen places, are educated, with special reference to ministerial duties in their respective birth-places. The Presbyterian Church, in th« United States, in addition to the Congregational, 20 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP contains about nine hundred ministers, one hundred and forty licentiates, one hundred and forty-sevea candidates, more than fourteen hundred churches, and a hundred thousand rommunicanls. It has Theo- logical Seminaries in the States of New Jersey, New- York, and Tennessee. By the Report of the Br\ptist Convention, which sat in June last, at Washington, the places of worship of that persua^ion, aiip stated at more than two thou- sand three hundred, and a very large number of ministers 1 here are three Tl>eological Seminaries of the Baptist Church ; one in New England, one ia the interior of the State of New York, and one at Washington City. The Universalists have one hundred and twenty preachers, two hundred separate societies, and eight periodical publications. The Methodist Church of America, contains three dioceses, eleven hundred itinerant clergy, exclusively clerical, and about three thousand stationary minis- ters, who attend also to other than ecclesiastical occu- pations. They reckon twelve conferences, and more than twenty five hundred places of worship. The Roman Catholic establishment, in the United States, consists of a metropolit;in See, and ten bishop- rics, containing between eighty and a hundred church- es superintended by about one hundred and sixty clergymen. Theie are Catholic Seminaries at Bards- town and Frankfort, in Kentucky, a Catholic Clerical Seminary in Missouri, Catholic colleges in St Louis, and New Orleans, where there is likewise a Catholic Lancasterian scho(d ; two Catholic charity schools at Baltimore, two in the District of Columbia, a Catholic Seminary and College at Baltimore, a Critholic Col- lege in the District of Columbia, a Catholic Seminary at Eramitsburg, in Maryland, a Catholic Free School andOrphun Asylum in Philadelphia. It is calculated that there are not less than eight thousand places of worship, and five thousand ecclesiastics, in the United States, besides twelve Theological Seminaries. THE UNITED STATES. 21 TABLE I.— STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE U. STATES. (fi -a o o^ ^M o Spa srii«|j-iiiii Cj S-? CO CO —I e; G-» G^ GO i-< CO f- CO C- CTJ C~. to i> CO CT 0-> CO Xi -O • truO to ^ ^ to to to tC VO --C. ir- f- '^ t^ > o to t* to ^CO G^ to- xB (MS^i>« vO( itOOl—iO^— .COt^COC-Tji-rSXS^tO'-p CO CO Tfi 10 GO 5o'»o s^ ir- o^ G^ {"-""^co^GTo't^ifrG-'TcrTf — Tf-^ — -^"-"— ^ •-• ^- OtOGOO'^G'*i>0'?>tOCO'-^ o«-<^ocicos-ioooa! GO<-G<«OG<«CO>OGOC~ ooooooooQooooo 00000000 < vOOOOOOO'OOOOOOOOOQOOOOC< C-»Ct~i-OiOOOtC>iCt-COOOt-00000000< o_»-« O "* ^ CO 00 ! cnoirr G^ GOl- s • ■?^OOO'?»Ot0OG0i0C0Oi0t0O'tfOOOOOC0O CO ^i w^^w-^ Gt V* GO Ci S^ G^ -H ^ G^ rt. CO Gl "H e^ t^ B '2 3 __ 'OGOO'^O'CO GSQ:uz;ZfcGS>&(^o<:§JH;;i:o-5 = S.:=5 « g-c s . . . H o •- — "0 Of) A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TABLE 2. ■f^ — < — ' CO li; -^ j< — i-^ '- c-j lij EM C-- — — ' 'x c^ o c"- r^ ^ --^ c c~ ■o CO CO O o -^ ^n -^ CO o cc — CO a-J -o CO a^ O — cc -* C) « CO o C-0 G^ '?■( XO a< CO CO ^ CO CO TT CO S-< -^ ,-< 00 O CO t-H ^ : C^ O CO r- ^ --^ C c~ ss co"-^i: (S^) VD i . o^ so J3 CO ^co (si o o ■-To CO o o ^ rj< 00 CO «^ JC O cr> O S^» !?^ "^ &? CO T-l " SO Ti<00 w a "O O -O S-( --^ -"O ^ CO -^ Ol O 'O <-! -:f< G-« C. CO CO C-. £^ C". C-! O O Ti< •'J^cr; -c^^ci^-o O 'T* c^ o c- '^ '^ f^» CO C=' o o-* CO ■-£> CO ■rf I"— 1 — l^ -O S^ ^^ '-C O O f-i — O G» O CO I- O O CO t^ O S^ O — < 'O o o t~COOOO'-t'*(^G^'-"-^ C^ »-i •T^ CO ; OCT.' O C^< T? DO' ~r -r CO 'T 1 LO >— 1 t^ c: CO CO CO CO c- CO '-n -^ o s-i o O O C' O Q CO T-. O c o o o ^» CC CO o c o ^s--^;; 25 r-cr. -^ o_ co^o^os 2} G CO d d "^ -^j CO '^^ >5 -5 ,-4 ,-, ,-1 ,«, P-, ^ G< 3-< ®< (3-{ CJ^ ^ V- THE UNITED STATES* 23 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The District or Territory of Columbia embraces 10 miles square, and is situated near the head of tide water, on the S. W, and N. E. sides of Potomac riv- er, 160 miles from its mouth, taking the course of the river, and about 300 N. W. from the Capes of Vir- ginia, This tract of land was ceded to the United States by the Legislatures of Maryland and V^irginia, in 1791. The District comprises Washington City, Georgetown, and Alexandria, and contained, in 1820, 32.039 inhabitants. There is a continued mountainous ridge environing the District of Columbia, with the exception of pas- sages of Potomac and Eastern Branch, commencing at Mount Vernon. This ridge may be traced (by the naked eye from Capitol Hill,) to the Little Falls at Georgetown, thence along N. of Washington to Pros- pect Hill towards Bladensburg, thence along ihe hills S. E. of Eastern Branch to Digges' Point, or Fort Washington, opposite Mount Vernon. This topo- graphical situation of the District renders it most easy to fortify and defend. WASHINGTON CITY, Which became the National Capital in 1800, is sit* uated on the N E. side of Potomac, 3 miles below the head of tide water, between Eastern Branch, its Eastern boundary, and Rock Creek, its Western, ia lat. 38 dg. 63m. N. and is the first meridian for the United States. The Western and Rastern boundaries extend about 2 1-2 miles N. up both Rock Creek and Eastern Branch, and from North West to South East about four miles and a half The stieets run from North to South, crossing each other at right angles, excepting tifteen grand Avenues that range in the di- rection of different States in the Union, each of which bears the name of a State The width of the streets .generally is from ninety to a hundred and ten feet, that of the Avenues from a hundred and thirty to a hundred and sixty feet. From the Capitol diverges the Mary- land, Delaware, and Pennsylvania Avenues ; from the 24 A BRIE? DESCRIPTION OP ■" j i I . President's house, Vermont, New-York, and Connec- ticut Avenues, altogether forming eleven hundred and fifty squares. The Pennsylvania Avenue leading to Georgetown, runs in a direct line from the President's house to the Capitol, the distance of one mile. The site of the Capitol is about 80 feet above the tide wa- ter of the Potomac, and nearly 70 above the surface of the city generally, commanding an extensive and beautifully varie:,ated prospect. The foundation stone of the north wing of the Capitol was laid in the pre- sence of General Washington, on the 16lh of Septem- ber, 1793. The center building was commenced in 1818, which, with the two wings each 100 feet square, forms affront of 362 feet. It is built of white free stone, in the Corinthian style of architecture, and enclosed with 20 acres of ground by an elegant iron railing. The interior of the Capitol, for beauty and convenience, is said not to be excelled by any other house of legislation on the globe. It contains i number of historical and other paintings, several of which were executed by Ameri- can artists. The President's house is a beautiful edifice of the Ionic order, built of white free stone, 170 feet by 85, 2 stories high, and covered with copper. Four build- ings of brick, of equal dimensions, are erected in a line east and west of the President's house, for the principal heads of the Departments of Government, viz. State, Treasury, Navy, and War Departments. About a mile W.N.W. of the Capitol, is the General post Office, a large respectable brick building, con- taining also the Patent Office, where are exhibited nu- merous specimens and models of improvements and inventions, said to be equal in number and superior to similar collections in England or Fr;ince. The City Hall, commenced in 1820, is 251 feet in length, fifty in breadth — the whole building of equal height the wings having two stories, the center on Mulberry streets. ^ Pennsylvania Academy of Fine ^Chesnut, between 11th and Arts...... ( 12th streets. -, 1 • rr •* 1 ^ Mulberry, between 9th and Pennsylvania Hospital.......... { ,,, , f ^ ■' f J ^ l(jtli streets. City Hospital, VV. side of Schuylkill, 4th street. Old State House, where Inde- { Chesnut street, between 4lh pendence was declared, ( and 5tb. ^, , ^ , TT ^ S. W. corner of Chesnut and County Court House, J j..^^,^ ^^^^^^^^ ^.. „ 11 S ^' 1^- corner of Chesnut and ^''y «^"'- i Sixth streets. Peale's Museum, Chesnut street. Theutre, (chesnut. near 5th street. «. • TT 11 ^ Chesnut, between 7lh and 8th ^'^^omcHM, J ^^^^^^l 3* 30 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION 0F •TT o n/i .. o 1 S Near the coiner of 4lh and U. S. Mother Bank, -i /^u . . . ^ ' I Che&nut streets. Bank of N. America, No. 99, Chesnut street. Bank of Pennsylvania,.. Second street, near Walnut. Bank of Philadelphia Corner of 4th and Chesnut sts. Besiriet. those already named, there are a great variety of ehavitable and Literary Institutions, both public and private, and 60 houses of public worship. NEW-YORK CITY, The commercial metropolis of America, is situated on the south west part of York Island, at the junction of the Hudsun and East rivers, in hititude 40 degrees and 42 minutes N. The hmits of the city extend over the whole Island, and the buildint^s extend two and a half miles up the Hudson, and nearly four up the East river. New- York contains 133,000 inhabitantf=i, " more than one third of whom are of New England origin,'* 252 streets, alleys, and lanes, and 17.000 dwelling houses. In the most commercial district of New- York city, which is the south part of the city, on the Sound, or as called E;jst river, the streets are so irregular, Ihnt no verbal description can be satisfactorily under- stood. Run a line from the Haboken team boat ferry, at the end of Murray street, on North river, through the Park south easterly to Brooklyn team boat ferry, on East river, and that part of the city included in the space south or south west of such line, is where Ihe greater part of the commercial business is done. — Along the docks of both rivers in this district, forests of masts and spars extend the whole distance. Count- less streets, lanes, and alleys, meet, and cross each other, from all directions, teeming with the quick en- ergies of commerce, and crowded with people of all states and nations. Drays loaded with bales, packa- ges and hogsheads, carts and wagons, from Swede and Russian ships, loaded with heavy bars of iron, rattling and jarring over the coarse paving stones, make a part of the hustling scene of this district. A walk on the Battery, or up Broadway, changes the scene from the turmoil of commerce, to the promenades of taste an^ fashion. THE UNITED STATES. 31 Broadway, 80 leet wide and 3 miles long, runs in a straight line from the Battery through nearly the cea- tre ot' the city to its extremity, and terminates in Bloon.ingdale road. The principal public buildings in Broadway, com- mencing at its r?outhern extremity, are, 1. united States Bank, Near tlie corner of Rector street. 2 Grace Church,.... Corner of Rector street. 3. Trinky Church, S Between Rector and Thames •' ' I streets. 4. City Hotel, Between Thames and Cedar sts. 5. St. Paul's Church, Between Fulton and Vesey sts. 6. Mechanics' Hall, Park Place. 7. Washington Hall, Corner of Pi.eed street. S. N , York & Maniac Hospitals, Between Duane &, Anthony sts Wall street commences at Broadway, and passing through Pearl street, extends to E. river. Near Pearl St. is an auction mart for public sales, between which and Broadway are a number of Banking Houses, Insurance Offices, and various other public offices. The Banks in Wall street are, 1. Mechanics' Bank, I 5. Bank of America. 2. Phoenix Bank, | 6. Mtrchants' Bank. 3. City Bank, I 7. Manhattan do. 4. New-York do | 8. Union do. There are also an Exchange Bank, Custom House, corner of I^^assau street, Merchants' Hotel, and Tontine Coffee House. Pearl street commences at the Battery, and after a meandering circular course of about a mile, enters Broadway above Duane street. It is only second to Broadwi.y in point of business and display of merchan- dize. W'ashington and Greenwich streets run paral- lel to the North river two miles ; the latter is a place of considerable business. The Post Office is at the corner of Garden and William street, S. of Wall street. Many other streets might be enumerated equal in many respects to those already mentioned Those here described are the principal streets in the city, for length, elegance, and business. The Park is situated in the centre of the city , at the junction of Broadway and Chatham street, planted with trees, and interspersed with walks. It has an 32 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP area of about lour acres. At the upper end of the Park stands the City Hall, a noble structure 216 feet in length, 105 in breadth, and 51 feet high, including the attic story 65 feet. The building is surmounted with a cupola, on which is placed a coh*ssal fii^ure of Justice. The Ci(y Hall is the most beautiful building in the United States, exceptin^c the national Capitol. It was nine yetrs building, and cost half a million of dollars. The Battery consists of several acres of ground at the S. W. point of the city. It has been justly called "the ornament of New York." New- York contains a Medical college, Columbia college, a Theological seminary, and a variety of literary in- stitutions, embracing every department of science. There are ten market houses, el ven bar/ks, twenty- one insurance olfices, two ih atn^s, a ci xus Rich- mond hill, Vauxhall, and Ch it-um public gardons, an orphan asylum society, seventy-one churches, and a great number of benevolent institutions. '' BOSTON. This ancient, wealthy, and respectable city, the Capital of Massachusetts, and the literary emporium of America, was originally settled by some of the most pious and learned of the first emigrants from England. Its situation is on a {)enirisuly ; an isthmus, or very narrow neck of land unites it with the conti- nent. It has also five bridges connecting it with the main. Charles river bridge, leading to Charlestown on the north, built in 1786, is 1,503 feet long. Two bridges connect it with Cambridge, one of which, West Boston bridge, is 3.4U3 feet long, built on 180 piers. Another uniting different parts of the town, and the Mill Cambridge, finished in 1821, built across the bay at a cost of «^600,000, farmed o( stone and earth, nearlv two miles in length, 13 feet high, and fifty feet broad, built for the purpo-es of forming an avenue to Biookline, and to create a vvater power suf- ficient ^o put in operation extensive manufactories and other water works The city cunt.uns 155 streets and 27 lanes. The longest street commences at the THE UNITED STATES. termination of the islr.mus, is first called WMfehington street the distance of half a mile, then changes its Dame to Orange, then passing P>oy!,*ton market, takes several other names, Marlborough, Cornhiil,&c. un- til it terminates at the Centre, ©r Old Market. The State House, the most conspicuous edifice in the city, is built of brick, presenting a front of 173 feet, and surmounted with a dome 50 feet in diam- eter, which is terminated by a circular lantern at a distance of 100 feet from the foundation lis site is 100 feet above the level of the harbour. From its top may be seen the most extensive and beautiful prospect in the world, embracing more than twenty towns and villages, the harbour, its shipping, and from thirty to forty islands, with a highly cultivated and pic- turesque country, variegated with rivers, valleys, and romantic hills, crowned with tasteful and splendid country seats. In the south west, at a distance of twelve miles, is seen an extensive range of highlands, called Blue Hills, which form a back ground to the prospect in that direction. RICHMOND. This Capital and metropolis of Virginia, has a fine romantic and sali:brious situation on the James river, at the head of tide water, in Henrico county, in lat. 37'^ 30m. north, 123 miles from Washington, 55 miles above City Point, by the course of the river, 150 miles from its mouth. The city contains between one and two thousand houses, some ofthem elegant, particularly on Shockoe, or as it is now called Capitol Hill, in the vicinity of the State House, and upwards of 12,000 inhabitants. The principal streets are Main street, running from the Capitol to Rocket's, the distance of two miles, com- pactly built, and containing a great variety of dry goods and other stores — the principal hotels are situatt^d in this street. Gary street, running parallel with the Fasin. is oc- /'upied almost exclusively by comuiissioa merchants. 'M A BBlEi^ DESCRIPTION OF Here is delivered all the produce from the upper country bordering on James river. The whole of the tobacco and ilour business are done in this street. H and G streets on Capitol Hill, run parallel with the Basin, and nearly intersect at the junction of the two turnpikes, on the western suburbs of the town. The public buildings of note are the Capitol, or House of State Legislation, a very handsome struc- ture, built after a French model, and beautifully situ- ated on Shockoe Hill, from whence may be had an ex- tensive view of the lower parts of the city, the river, and adjacent country. The Monumental church, aa interesting object, stands east of the State House, built in a monumental form, commemorative of an aw- ful conflagration which took place at the Theatre on the same spot, in 1811. There are also two market houses, an extensive armoury, United States Bank, court hotise, museum, public library, and eight houses of worship. Notwithstanding the advantageous situation of Rich- mond for the purposes of commerce, and an extensive inland trade, the population in 1820 was more than 2000 less than in 1817. The value of produce ex- ported from Richmond and Manchester (just opposite,) is about ^8,000,000 annually. The largest vessels lie at City Point. Those drawing lifteen feet water ascend to Warwick, live miles below Richmond, and those drawing ten teet to Rocket's, about a mile below the city. Batteaux ascend 220 miles above. The Falls extend six miles, in which distance the river descends eighty feet. A Canal with three locks is cut on the north side of the river, terminating at the town in a Basin of two acres. The vicinity of Richmond af- fords many delightful excursions on the James river, and along its high and fertile banks. There is an ex- cellent road leading from Richmond to Petersburg, on which are two good lines of stages. Steamboats are constantly plying to atid t*rom Richmond to Norfolk, and stopping at Ci^y Point and various other places, to receive and discharge passengers. The scenery of James river, almost from the bay «p; is delightful, THE UNITED STATES. S5 adding to its natural beauties,- numerous rich piaata- tions, with elegant mansions, gardens, &c. James- city Island, where waa made the iSrst permanent set- tlement in the present United States, is situated near the north hank of James river, .32 niiles from the bay, and 65 below Richmond. It is a fiat, low, and siciily spot, containing the ruins of an old church, a fort, and a few dwelling houses. There is a mansion house, and in 1822, was one family living on the Island. At this spot, in the month of June, is held the Virginiad, a celebration of the day when capt. Smith and company first landed here. This hland, Plymouth, Massachu- setts, Lexington, Bunker Hill, and Yorktown, awaken in the breasts of the patriotic citizens of these two states the noblest feelings of man. A few revolving years past between the arrival of these few forlorn ad- venturers in " a wilderness at the ends of the earth," and the opening and close of the great revolutionary drama, when this wilderness produced native born ar- mies too powerful for the despots of Europe. But a brief description of the Virginia Capital was the sub- ject proposed. CHARLESTON. The chief city of South-Carolina is handsomely situated on a level plain, between Cooper river north, and Ashley river south, which unite just below the city, seven miles from the ocean. Charleston is laid out in a regular manner, and contains a number of well built streets, from thirty-five to seventy feet wide.— - The principal of these are. Broad and E. bay streets, whicti for the elegance of their buildings are not sur- passed by those of any other city. East bay street, running from north to south, contains large ware houses, auction marts, banks, and various public offices. This street terminates in the south eastern part of the city, in a delightful promenade, formed by a mound elevated on the margin of Ashley river, several feet above the tide. This walk is securely railed on the water-side, accommodated with seats, and ornament- eel with trees. Here, in the heat of summer, the 36 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF same as at Boston and on the New-En-^lantl seaboard, at 10 or 11 o'clock, there is a revivins ^ea-breeze. Broadstreet.asj'acious, and, with Meetingand Church streets, the most fashionable in the city, run in a direct line, from east to west, two miles. King street passes through the centre of the city, from north to soiith, intersecting Bro.«d street at right anjjles. This street is compactly built, and has a large portion of the re- tailino" business. Charleston contains nineteen houses of worship, an orphan asylum, an academy of arts, a library of 13,000 volumes, a hospital, city hall, custom house, theatr*', and six banks. There are also a num- ber of well endowed charitable institutions. The po- pulation of the city, according to the last census, was 24,780, half slaves, having only an increase of less than 100 in ten years. Charleston has an extensive European, as well as northern and back country trade. The shipping owned here, in 1820, amounted to 28,403 tons The harbour is capacious, but is impeded by a sand bar, which ex- tends from shore to shore. It has two channels, the deepest of which has 16 feet of water at low tide. — The local situation of Charleston has been greatly improved within a fe«v years, which renders it much more healthy than the surrounding country. Many persons resort to the city in that season, when those in a more northern latitude are, in a manner, deserted. Sullivan's Island, situated in the bay, between the city and the sea, is a favourite retreat fnr many of the citizens in warm weather. This southern metro- polis of the Union, is noted for the hospitality, polite- ness, and liberality of its citizens. It is a fashionable, gay, and flourishing city, constantly improving in what- ever tends to promote the health and prosperity of the inhabitants. SAVANNAH, Principal cily of Georgia, has an elevated situation on the southwest bank of Savannah river, seventeen miles above its entrance into the sea, on a high sandy bluff, 40 feet above low tide. It is beautifully laid THE UNITED STATES. 37 out, with wide regulir streets leaving at equal distan- ces ten public squares, each consisting of two acres, with a pump in the centre, enclosed with chain fences, and ornamented with trees called the pride of China. This citj has improved much in appearance since the great fire of 1821, which consumed 463 buildings. Those since erected are of brick, built in a handsome style. The exchange is a large Gothic edifice of brick, five stones high. The Acadeiny built of brick and stone is 180 feet by 60, and three stories high. There are a^o a court house and hospital, a thea- tre, a public library, three banks, and ten churches, one of which, lately erected, is a capacious and elegant structure. Savannah is the great depot for the pro- duce of a large extent of country, consistingof the three principal southern staples, cotton, rice, and tobacco, the exports of which amount to about §10,000,000 an- nually. The amount of shipping belonging to this port in 1821, was nearly 11,000 tons. The harbour is good, admitting vessels drawing fourteen feet of water, to the city ; those of a larger draught anchor at Five Fathom Hole, three miles below the city. — Savannah is frequently visited by that dreadful scourge the yellow fever. Before its last ravages, in 1822, there was but one cemetry or burial ground in the city : this is very extensive, and contains the remains of vast numbers from the northern states, and from every country in Europe. The climate of the south is peculiarly fatal to foreigners, though it is observe^ the Scotch sustain its effects better than even Ameri- ctins. A VIEW OF THE PROGRESS OF THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. EXTRACT FROM A PUBLICATION BY THE POST MASTEP*. GENERAL, 1822. The se- ^o.of Len°:th Weeklv Weekly tran- Weeklv Yearly trans- veral 1 e Post of the Iranspor- sporiationol (ransporta- I'ortatioD of rio.l^ If Uto Post talion of the ma 1 id tion of the the mails fenedto ces Roads ihe mail in 8tag;ep su kies and on horst- back mail's. Period. Mo. Miles Miles. Miles, Miles. Miles. 1793 209 5,642 8,567 7,662 16,229 843,908 1797 504 16,180 14,902 19,708 34,610 1,799,720 1801 1025 21,840 24,490 34,380 58,870 3,061,964 1803 1258 25,315 30 172 37,228 67,400 3,504,800 1707 1848 33,755 41,528 45,000 86,528 4,499,456 1?11 2403 36,406 46,380 61,171 107,550 5,592,652 1816 3260 48,976 71,046 74,516 145,562 7,569,224 1817 1359 52,689 The mail is transported in stages, each day in the year, 10,121 miles. The mail is transported in sulkies and on horseback, each day in the year, 10,616 miles, making 20,737 miles per day. If yoii divide the post roads of the United States mio two distinct post-routes, the mail will travel each week, in stages, nearly equal to three times lound the globe ; and divide all the post roads in the United States into four equal or distinct pcret joutes, on which the mail is carried in stages, sulkies, and on horse- back, it will be equal to a travel of six times, each week, around the globe, averaging one postoflice for every iiftcen miles of post-road. The mail is transported, by a direct or correspond- ing line of i^tages, from Anson, in the state of Maine, via. Washington city, to Nashville, Tennessee, a dis- tance of one thousand Jour hundred and forty-eight mileSy in a south-western direction. The mail is trans- ported by a direct line of stages, from St. Mary's, in Georgia, to Highgate, in Vermont, via. Washingto« THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 39 city; a distance of 1,369 miles, in a northern direc- tion. — Extract from a statement of the |)ost-ofnces and post-roads, publistied by the postmaster general, 1822. RATES OF POSTAGE. For Single Leiitrs, composed of one piece, of paper. Miles. Ccnls. Any distance not exceeding . . 30 G Over 30, and not exceeding . . 80 10 Over 80, do. do. . . 150 12 1-2 Over 150, do. do. . ' . 400 18 1-2 Over 400, do. do. . . 25 Double Letters, or those composed of two pieces of paper, are charged with double those rates. Triple Letters, with triple those rates. Quadruple Letters, with quadruple those rates, pro- vided they weigh one ounce ; otherwise, with triple postage. Every packet, composed of four or more pieces of paper, and weighing one ounce or more, i? to be charged witk single postage for each quarter of an ounce ; except letters conveyed by water mails, which are not to be charged with more than quadruple post- age, unless the packets actually contain more than four distinct letters. RATES OF POSTAGE ON NEWSPAPERS. Cenls. Each paper, carried not over 100 miles, . 1 Over 100 miles, 11-2 But if carried to any post office in the state in which it is printed, whatever be the dis- tance, the rate is . . . . .1 Letters for Upper or Lower Canada can be trans- mitted to the agents of the United States at Kingston, Upper Canada, and Montreal, Lower Canada, whetheu paid or unpaid. 40 A VIF.\V Of THE PR0CRES9 OS N»>me» of Statea, Stc Missouri State. Maryland State. 5f ew Hampshire State Nortli Carolina Stafie. New-Jersey Stntp, K«-w-Yoik State. Ohio State. Pennsylvania State. Rhode-Island State. South-Carolina State. Tennessee State. Virginia State. Vermont State. Court House. states, 3 Territoriul Columbia. DIRECTIONS FOR FINDING ANY PLACE IN THE FOLLOW- ING ROUTES. Ascertain what Stale the i own is in, and if it is a place of much note, it may be found either in one of the eight grand routes Irotn Washington to the dif- ferent extremities of the Union, or it may be found anions: the State Roads which are arranged after the grand routes, comcnencing in order with Maine, antl taking; the Atlantic States iu succession, then the Western States The course of the roads, and the States through ^vhich they lie, are noted at the heads of pages. GENERAL STATEMKNT OF THE EIGHT ROUTES. The -h^et or avenue, extending from N. to S. nearly two ■miles, and ornamented with trees. Many of the houses are built in a superior style. The public builc'ings are 5 churches, an academy, and 2 banks. Here are extensi- e manufactories of various articles. The town contains about 5000 inhabitants, and including the township, the population exceeds 9000. (Z) This village is pleasantly situated in the extensive plain between the fc^ast River Haarlem Heights, and Haarlem River. It contains upwards ot a 100 dwelling houses, a handsome stone church, and several school houses. A bridge, half a mile m length across Haarlem river, connects New- York Island with Westchester. Another biidge of considerable length over a pari of the East river, connectsit with Wards' Island, from the soutk side of which is a fair view of the whirlpools that form the dan* gerous passage called Hell-gate. (m) The first town after entering New England, situated ca the E. side of Byram river, which is here the divifiing line be- tween New-York and Connecticut. Population 3700. {n) A township of 4500 inhabitants, on the West side of the Housatonic river, near its entrance into the Sound, and l30 miles from where it rises in Massachusetts. Near the line of the latter State, this river ha9 a perpendicular fall of 50 feet. (o) New Haven is an incorporated city, and semi- capital of Connecticut, containing 7147 inhabitants. It is situated on a Bay, 4 miles from the Sound, handsomely laid out in spacious slreef-, and ornamented with trees Here are the elegant build- ings of Yale Ci'llege, which have from 3 to 400 students. Be- tween 3 and 4000 persons have been educated at this College since its foundation in 1700, of whom nearly lOOO have devoted themselves to the ministry. 4 newspapers are issued weekly. (p) On the West bank of Connecticut river, where it enters the Sound, after a course of 400 miles. This is the first town settled in Connecticut. It has 8 churches, several uianulacto- ries, and 4000 inhabitants. (q) City and Capital of New London county, on the West bank of Thames river, near its mouth. This has been a place ot considerable coiinnerce, having an excellent harbour, the best in the State. It is a handsome, respectable, but small ci- ty, containing from 3 to 4000 inhabitants, (r) Capital of Norfolk county, Mass. cousistiug of 3 parishes. 46 GRAND ROUTES. NORTH EAST ROUTE — ContinuecL GRAKD ROUTES, _ «- tt. a) 2 • 'ill i 1 £ .1 c e 4 aU Providence, [5] . 14 436 PawtLicket Ptiver and Falis, 4 440 4 AttleboroLigh, Mass. - 8 448 30 FoxboroLigh, - 7 455 23 Walpole, - 2 457 21 Dedliam, - 11 468 10 Boston, - 10 478 Cross Charles River to Char- lestown, _ 1 479 1 Lynn, Salem, [t'\ - 8 14 487 493 9 14 Ipswich, Newburyport, [w] Portsmouth, [v] - 13 11 , 23 506 517 540 27 38 44 Cross Pisquataqua River & enter the State of Mahie, York, - 9 549 ■ 47 Wells, - 13 bQ2 38 Kennebunk, [iv'] - 6 568 26 Saci, on Saco R. [x] - 10 578 16 Portland, [y] 1() 594 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 47 The principal partof the town is handsomely situated on Chades river. It is a valuable n)anufactming auti agricultural town, and contains a court house, a btuik, 2 printing offices, and seve- ral elegant private nwellings. Population betwef^n 2 and S^jOO. (5) Providence, the semi-J:apitai of Rhode Island, and tliird commercial town in New England, is sitimted on Providence river, over which a handsome bridge is built, connecting the E, and W. parts of ?hetown. This town may be called irregular- ly beautiful, combining a greater variety of views and scenery than any other town in New England except Boston. Ann from the salubrity of its atmosphere, excellence of its houses of en- tertainm<'nt, and above all from the politeness, sociability, und literary accomplishments of its citizens, it is much lesorted Wjk during the warm season, and highly admired by strangers. — Its population is upwards of 12,000. On a commandiiig emi- nence, a little E. of the town, is Biown University. This, ac- cording to Dr. Morse, is one of the most flourishing and respect- able literary Institutions in the United States. (t) The capital of Essex county, Mass. lying between two in- lets called North and South rivers. The oldest town in the State except Plymouth, and containing 11,346 inhabitants. — The commerce of Salem is very extensive, and in point of pop- »?*Tion and wealth is the second town in New England. (m) Situated on the S. VV. bank of Merrimac river, three miles from its mouth. This is oie of the han^isomest towns in the United States- lis site is on an eminence gradually slop- ing towards the water. It has been a place of considerable trade, but is now rather on the decline. Population 7000. The Merrimac river rises near the White Mountains, and, after a meandering course of nearly 200 miles, enters the sea three miles below the town above-mentioned. (r) The largest town in New Hampshire, situated on the S« W. side of Piscalaqua river, three miles from its mouth, and 40 from where it rises, Portsmouth contains 7000 inhabitants, an academy, athenaem, 2 markets, 5 banks, and 7 churches. — Opposite the town is an United States' Navy Yard. (w) Kennebunk is situated on the N. E. side of Saco river, and contains 2500 inhabitants. This river rises near the White Mountains, and after a course of I60 miles, S. E. in which there are four cataracts, it enters the sea just below this town. Here is a good harbour and considerable trade. [x\ This is a romantic situation on the Saco river, which has Falls here of 42 feet, which, with the surrounding scenery forms a delightful view. Here, is a bank and an academy, and 3000 inhabitants. [3/] Situated in latitude 43 degrees 39 minutes. The capital of the State of Maine, in Cumberland county, on a Peninsula, at the head of Casco bay. It is a pleasant but rather irregu- larly built town, containing 8581 inhabitants. An elegant 48 ©RAND ROrjtES. NORTH EAST ROUTE — ContinvecL GRAND ROUTES. Brunswick, [z] CrossAndroscogginR.toBatlv^ Kennebec River, ^^^oolwich, Cross 2 Bmjs, Wiscasset,[«] Alna, Sheepscut River, Damariscotta River, Waldoboro' CrossSt.Geo.River to Warren Thomastown, [6] - Camden, Belfast, [c] Penobscot River, Buckstovvn, Casthie, [d} Surry, Trenton, Goldsboro' Harrington, Columbia, Machias River, W. Branch, Machias, on Machias Bay,[e] E. Falls of Machias, Dennejsvilie, Eastport, [/] Do. Ferry to Robbinstown[^j iUi ill 27 621 7 628 3 631 5 634 9 643 5 648 3 651 6 657 9 666 8 674 5 679 11 690 18' 708 9 717 9 726 17 743 18 761 12 773 14 787 17 804 12 816 16 832 2 834 6 840 23 863 18 881 13 894 27 34 37 40 49 54 57 63 72 80 85 96 114 123 152 169 187 199 213 230 242 258 260 266 289 307 320 is |»erce|;tii)ly soAciiinii e the ivinjersarc, unifor Tlie severity ul ilie cliiii.il is cleared of iis forests. Hr iemptratehj cold — live sumiitcrs sf i< ne and deliglafiil •f tke Saxon» luuy be realized iu Maine< US the country mly, therefore The lonsevitv' DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, a picturesque site, built on the declivity of a hill, und the most elevated houses being about 300 tect iilgher than those on the river. It contains a bank, a printing office, a masonic hall, and 4 houses of public worship for Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Qu^ikers, and Methodists. Salt water abounds in the country. [ jj A post-town, Ohio co. Va. on the Ohio ; at the moutb of the Wheeling. It is built on a high bank, principally on one street, and contains a court house, a jnil, a market house, a bank, a church, about 200 houses, and has some trade and manufactijres. The Cumberland road, lately opened, reaches the Ohio at this place. [t] Capital of Guernsey CO. Ohio, on Wells' creek. — Population 300 ; including the township, 988. It is a thriving town, and contains the county buildings and about 50 flwelling houses. [/J Huron co. Ohio, which runs into Sandusky bay. [yn] A town in Ohio, at the lower rapids of the Maumee. It has been recently laid out. 60 GRAND ROUTES. WESTERN ROUTES. No. 1. — From Washington to St, Louis, and thence to the Pacific Ocean, GRAND ROUTES. Up .2 E g ill 69 IJI Hagerstown, 103 Hancock, 27 96 130 Ragged Mountain, . 20 116 173 Cumberland, [d] 19 135 Height of Alleghany Mount'n 12 147 Smithfield, [e] 27 174 132 Height of Laurel Mount'n [/] 16 190 Brownsville, Pa. 17 207 198 Washington, 22 229 238 Wheeling, Va. [g] 28 257 395 Cambridge, O. bQ 313 85 ZanesviUe, [/i] 25 338 60 Chillicothe, [i] 72 410 42 West Union, 52 462 Limestone, 18 480 Lexington, Ken,[ j}. 67 547 23 Frankfort, 23 570 Louisville. 51 621 61 Vincemies, Ind. [A*] 137 758 Kaskaskia, 111. [/] 146 904 102 St, Louis, Mo. \_ni] 57 961 159 St. Charles, 21 982 Charette Village, 47 1029 Gascon River, 32 1061 Ossage River, , SS 1094 Saline River, 40 1134 Kansas River, 167 1301 £>liSCRIPTION OF TOWNS, ROUTES. WESTERN Ro UTE — Contimiecl. GRAND ROUTES. ^11 S;5 I ^ O - 'i- ^l« Platte River, [ii'] . 260 1561 Yellow Stone River, 1280 2741 Clark's do. branch of Co- lumbia River, 967 3708 Columbia River, [o] 415 4123 Mouth of do. on Pac. Ocean, 413 4536 No. 2. Fro)n JVashirigfon to St. Louis, and thence to St, Charles, Franklin, and Council Bluffs, Wheehng, as above, 257 383 Zanesviiie, 81 338 60 New Lancaster, 36 374 ChiUicothe, 3G 410 42 Cincinnati, 94 504 109 Lawrencelmrg, [p] . 20 524 Jacksonville, 28 552 New Lexington, 43 595 Salem, 30 625 Paoli, Ind. \_q\ 22 647 106 Washington, 44 691: Vincennes, 20 711 187 Fox River, 36 747j E. end of Grand Prairie, 52 .799j Carlylc, . 22 821 50 DESCRIPTION- OF TOWXS, &€. ^^^ (n^ Platte, La or Shoal tiver," Nojt'n •America, whioh rises in tlip Rocky mountains, and after an easlfily conrt:e of about 1,600 jnilesi joins the Mispouri. 600 fio/n the Mississippi. (o) Cfiliitnhia river, North America, which rises uccording to Mackenzie, in the Rocky mountains, about long. 1'21 west, hit. 54 23 north, wiihin a few miles of the sourco of the Uni- jf)!) or Peace river; and, after a course of about 1,500 miles, it flov s into the Pacific Ocean, between Point Adams and Cape Disappointment, long V13. 54, west, lat. 46 19. north. Tiie three great Iributarirs of this rivr-r are the Multnomah, Lewis's rix'or, and Clark's river, all flowing into it.on S. E. side ; the Multnomah, 139 miles from its mouth, Lewis's riv^r, 413, and Clark's 600 milep. At t!ie point of the junction of Lewis's ri-* yer the Cnjiinil.ia is S6(> yards wide. The tide flows up 133 miles, to within 7 miles of ti e great rapids. V^essels of 300 tons may reach the Multnomah, and lar^|,e sloops may Ascend as iiigh as the tide Above the rapids the navigatiori is good for 65 miles, where it is interrupted by the long narrows ; and six miles higher up, i. e. .261 miles above the mouth of the river, it is interrupted by falls of 20 feel perpendicular; above the falls the navigatio continues good to the junction of Lewis's river. The portages around tiiese obstructions of the navigation, amount in all to five miles. The entrance of the Columbia lies between breakers wliich axtend from Cape Disappointment to a point oil the south- ern shore, over a sort of bar or extf nsive flat. The entrance into the river, and the egress out of it, are difficult at all sea- sons, and from October to April extremely dangerous; and in the opinion of experienced navigators, it cannot at any seasoa be entered by loaded vessels of 400 tons. Tiie westerly winl prevails on this coast, and the sea breaks on the bar with great violence. The first modern navigator that entered tills rive^', was Mr. Gray, commander of the ship Columbia of Boston. — He entered it in 1791, and since that time the river has been known by the name of Columbia. It was before called the Origon and River of the West. The country bordering on the Columbia tov.'ards the ocean, is covered vvilh heavy limber, consisting almost wholl}'^ of fir, of which captains Lewis and Claik monrion seven species, some gr-o\vii!g to a great heiglit. Tlie soil is fertile, composed of a dark rich loam. The length of the valley from north to south has never been ascertained. The climate is mucli milder than in the same parallel on the Atlantic coast. {p') Post town and capital of Dearborn co. Indiana, on the Ohio, two miles below the gre'it Miami, and 22 below Cincin- nati. A newspaper is published here. ((7) Post-town and capital of Orange CO., Inciiana ", 27 north Leavenworth, 40 east Vincennes. t»4 0RAND RdUTES, WESTEitN ROUTE — Contlrlued. GRAND ROUTES. _ li bo m .2 e'S. St. Louis, 50 871 Waltons, 10 881 10 Cross Missouri River to St. Charles, [r] . 9 890 Champ Branch, 48 938 Grand Prairie, 41 979 Franklin, [5] m 1042 Charitan, • 30 1072 Grand River, 23 1095 Fort Clark, 81 1176 Kansas River, \t] » 27 1203 Old Kansas Village, 37 1240 Platte River, 223 1463 Council Bluffs, [w] . 50 1513 No. 3. From JVashington to St. Louis, by Lexington and Shaivneetoivn. Lexinoton, as in No. 1 , 547 22 Kentucky River, {v~\ 21 568 Cross Salt River, [i/j] 6 574 Cross Rollijig; do. 57 631 Hardenbuvji', 1. [a-] - 48 679 Owensboro', orYellow Banks 41 720 Green River, [y] 13 733 ©ESCRIPTION OF TOV/NS, SlC. G5 (r) Post-town and capital of St. Charles co Missouri, on tiie Missouri; 21 miles from its mouth, and 18 N. W. of St Loui^ by land. Population about 12,000. It is a handsome and flouiishing village. A weekly newspaper is published here. It is built on a narrow strip of land, between the river and ths hills ; this space admits only one street, which is about a mile in length. (a) Franklin, port-town and capital of Howard co Missouri, on north bank of the Missouri, 200 miles above St. Louis, 130 W. N, W. Potosi, west, 1,069. Long. 92 54 west, lat. 3K 57 north. Population in 1821, 1,800. This town was laid out in 1816, and in 1821 contained about 500 buildings, some of ihem handsomely built of brick, others framed, but the greater pait of logs. It contains a court-house, a jad, a market-house, a land-office, an academy and a printing office, from which is is- sued a weekly uesvspaper. It has «ibout 20 merch^utije store?, 10 lawyers, 4 physicians, and a variety of mechanics.. It is regularly laid out, the streets 824 feet wide, with a public square of 2 acres, for the erection of public buildings. It has a healthy situation, in a district of country very ferlile and rapidly set- tling. It is the second town in business anfl importance in Mis- souri, and the present western limit of steam boats and other boats. (t) Kansa.s, or Kanzas, or Kanscs river, North America, which rises in the FAocky Mountains, and after an easterly course of upwards of 1,200 miles, unites with the Missouri, 340 miles from the Mississippi, in long. 94 20 west. Lat. 38 31 north. It is 34J yards wide at its mouth. (u) A military post belonging to the United States, on east bank of the Missouri, about 5o miles above the junction of the La Platte, and 650 above the junction of the Missouri with the Mississippi. Long. 16 42 west, lat. 41 31 north. It is an im- "portant station, the highest up tlie Missouri, thai is occupied by ti-.e United States as a militaiy position. (v) This river rises in the S. Eastern part of. the Slate, ta- king a N. Western course, enters Ohio, about 80 miles above Louisville. During the most rainy months of the year, it ia navigable for small batteaux about 200 miles, [ts banks are bold and rocky. (lo) Salt river, Kentucky, which runs N". W. into the Ohio, twenty miles below the Rapids. It is navigable for boats sixty miles. (x) The seat of Justice for Breckenridge county, Ker.tucky, 60 miles S. VV. of Louisville. (1/) Green River rises in the S. Eastern part of Kentucky. It has first a W. then a N. W. course into Ohio River. Its whole course is about 200 mile?, through a most fertile, romauiic, and interesting countrv. 6=^ G6 CRA^D ROL'TES. WESTERN ROUTE — Continued, GRAND ROUTES. u -£3 ■- "IS .i a'S. Morganfield, Ken. Shawneetovvn, 111. [z] Gassaway's, Middleton Ferry, Kaskaskia River, [^.] St. L(5uis, , 41 15 33 71 32 774 789 822 893 925 228 92 102 No. 4. /Vo/zi Washington to St* Louis, by Wheeling and the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, Wheeling, as before. Grave Creek, [ci] Fishing Creek, End ol Long Reach, Marietta, O. [6j Parkersburg and Little Ken- haway River, Va. Blannerhassett's Island, [c] Little Hockhocking Riv. O. Big ditto Letart's Rapids, Point Pleasant and Great Kanhaway River, Va. \d] Galliopolis, O. [e] Big Sandy River, K. Little ditto 257 10 267 24 291 21 312 27 339 15 354 5 359 4 ms S3 396 24 420 4 424 45 469 18 487 38^ 104 377 104 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, Illinois, is between this River and the Mississippi. («) A river iu Virginia, which flows into the Ohio, 12 miles below Wheeling. Litllc Grave Creek flpus into the Ohio about a mile above. IN ear the mouth of the stream is an alluvial tract about two miles square, on which are found remains of ancient works, as tumuli, mounds, Szc. The Big Grave, so called, one quarter of a mile from the Ohio, is a remarkable monument, 300 yards in circurofereiice, and 100 in diameter at the base, 4a in diameter at the summit, and 90 high. It contains many thousands of human skeletons. (b) Capital of Washington county, Ohio, on the Ohio, 178 miles by water, below Pittsburg, 287 above Cincinnati, 93 E. by N. ChiUicothe, 109 S. E. Columbus, west 307. Long. 81 19 west. Lat. 39 25 north. It is pleasantly situated immedi- ately above the mouth of the Muskingum, and contains a court- house, a jail, a market-hnuse, a bank, an academy, a land-office, a printing-office, two houses of public worship, about 20 stores, and 90 dwelling houses. A considerable part of this town ex- periences the inconvenience of being almost annually overflowed by water. — Population of the township, 2,136. -^About one half mile from the junction of the Muskingum with the Ohio, are remains of extensive ancient works, consisting of walls and mounds of earth, in direct lines, and also in square and circular forms The largest square fort contains 40 acres, and is inclos- ed by a wall of earth from six to eight feet high, and from 25 to 36 wide at the base. (f) This Island, famous as having been the spot where a con- spiracy, or more properly, a Quixotic invasion of Mexico was deliberately determined on. It contains about SOO acres of ex- cellent land, over the whole of which hemp has been most profi- tably cultivated. It i» 13 miles below Marietta. (df) iMason county, Va. 5 miles N.E. of Galliopolis, just above the confluence of the Great Kanhawa with the Ohio. Kan- hawa, (Great) rises from diftereut streams in the western part of N. Carolina, and pursuing a N. Westerly direction through the rough region in the western part of Virginia, discharges itself into the Ohio about 90 miles below Marietta, and 260 from Pitts- burg. It admits baiteaux navigation through a great part of its course. (e) Capital of Gallia county, O. on N. W. side of the Ohio. It is handsomely situated on an elevated bank of the river, and has a Court House, an Academy, and nearly IQOO inhabitants. 63 GRAND ROUTES. WESTERN ROUTE — Continued, GRAND ROUTES. 12 m Little Sciota River, 499 Ponsmoiah and Sciota Ri- vers, 0. [/] 9 508 86 Maysville, [g~\ 4i 552 74 Cincinnati, 0. and Newport, Va. [h] . . 55 607 Port William, Mouth of Ken- tucky R. . . 74 681 44 Louisville, K. [i] 49 730 52 Salt River, K. 25 755 Washington and Stephensport 69 824 Green River, K. 78 902 Wabash River, L 56 958 Shawneetown, 111. . 10 968 92 Saline River, 8 976 Tennessee River, K. 62 1038 Junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, 49 1087 Ascend Mississippi River, to Cape Gerardeau, Mo. . 42 1129 St. Genevieve, Mo. [j] 69 1198 Merriniac River, Mo. 34 1232 St. Louis, Mo. 19 1251 Bellefontaine, 14 1265 ,St, Charks, Mo. . 21 1286 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <^C. QQ (/) Capital of Sciota county, Ohio, on the E bank of the Sciota, just above its junction with the Ohio River — 45 S. of Chillicothe, 4i4i W.of Galliopolis. Population between Sand 600. (g) A post-town, in Mason county, Kentucky, on the Ohio ; 3 miles N. E. of Washington, 60 N. E. of Lexington, and 63 above Cincinnati. Population about 1,500. It is a flourish- ing town, and contains a glass manufactory, a piinting-office, &c. It has more trade than any other town in Kentucky, oa the Ohio, above Louisville. The site on which it is built is pleasant, but confined, not more than 30 rods wide, and the hills in Its rear rise abruptly to the height of 450 f^et. (h) City and Capital of Hamilton c< unty, O. on N. bank of the Ohio, 20 miles above the mouth of the Great Miami, having 1,900 houses, and in 1820, 9.642 inhabi:ants. Cincinnati was laid out in 1788, and began to flourish in 1794, since which its growth in population, wealth, and trade, has been remarka- bly rapid. Its situation is high, pleasant, and healthy. It con- tains a court house, 3 biick market houses, 4 banks, library, hospital, museum, 4. printing offices, and 10 places of wor- ship Its manufactures are various and extensive. (i) Port of entry, and capital of Jefferson county, Kentucky, on the Ohio, at the head of the rapids, 122 miles below Cincin- nati, 52 west of Frankfort, 137 south of E^ Vincennes, west 617. Long. 85 30 west. Lat. 38 3 north. Population in I8l0, 1,357 ; in 18i20, 4,012. It is a flourishing town, next to Lexing- ton, the most considerable in the state. It is pleasantly situated, being built on an eminence which is 70 feet high, gentlj- de- scending to a narrow plain along the bank of the river. It con- tains two banks, one of which is a branch of the U S. bank; two printing-offices, an academy, various other public buildings, and several rope-walks and manufactories. The three principal streets run parallel with the river. From the front street, there is a fine prospect of the rapids and of the shore, and hills on the opposite side of the river. A company has been incorporated by the legislature of Kentucky, for the purpose of opening a canal on the Kentucky side of the rapids. An extensive commerce is now carried on from this town, with Natchez, New-Orleans, and St. Louis. (j) Capital of St. Genevieve county, Missouri, Population, 1,500. — This town was formerly built on the river bank, and is said to have contained once 7,000 inhabitants. The ground on which it stands is somewhat higher than the jriver bottom, and it begins to extend itself back upon ground considerably more elevated. On an elevation in the rear of the town a handsome stone building has been erected for an academy, which com- mands a fine prospect. This town contains a court-house, a jail, a catholic chapel, a branch of the Missouri bank, aiftl about 300 houses. 70 Grand routes. SOUTH WESTERN ROUTES. No. 1. From Washington to New- Orleans, by Lex- ington, Nashville, and Natchez, GRAND ROUTES. - - = c . = > £ .-, - s .£ -1 " c — ^ 6c ,, 4! '- ? * Lexington, as 1st W. Route, 547 22 Perrvviile, 38 586 New I\Iarket, 23 609 Munroe, 31 640 BoAvling Green, 47 687 161 Tennessee State Line, 25 712 Nashville, [/t] 40 752 35 Columufa, 41 793 41 Florence, Al. 63 856 254 Russelville, . . 18 874 249 Mississippi State Line, 40 914 Columbus, 25 939 153 Fulsom, on old road. 48 987 . Cl:ote's head of Pearl River m 1023 Choctaw Agency, 64 1087 Grindstone Ford, 61 1148 Greenville, 24 117^^ 135 Natclrez, [l\ 25- 1197 110 Woodville, 38 1235 84 Baton Rou2;e, 61 1296 120 St. Gabriel's Church 27 1323 CentraPs 2 Churches 41. 1364 Boiuiet Quarre, 30 1394 . New Orleans, 39 1433 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 71 -..,. ' '•' -'■■■-■■ -.■■ • -'. : ■ rrr- — ' ■^; trie former is situated on the jnar>^i)i f>f the river; thf^ lattsr, which is th;^ principal part, on ground elevated about 100 feet above high water murk in the river. The city is reguliirly laid out in the forni of a paiallel- ogram, the f^tre^ts intersecting each other at right angles, but thf »ite on which It is built is very uneven. It contains a court housc^ a jail, a- maikf-t house, a bauk, an academy, two print- ing r.fnces, and two houses of public worship, one lor Roman Catliolics, and one for Fresbyteiians. Some of- the houses are elegant, bitt they are mostly of wood, and of only one story. To enable the inhabitants to en»' joy the evening air, almost e»'ery house has pi izza and bal- cony. The gardens are ornamentecJ witli fi ■ trees, plums, peiichesj and grape-vines. — It is a wealthy tiading town, well situated for a commercial depot, having a teriile ami well t:re, , 666 1371i DESCRIPTION OF TOIVNS, CMC. [m] \ small town in Virginia, on the point of land, foinu-d by the jun"tion of Potomac River from the IN W. and Shannan- doahfrnin the S. W. just wheie the t>vo united rivers rend asunder the Blue llidge. Tliis is one of the greatest natural curiosities in America Here is an United States' armour}^^ which employs from 2 to 300 workmen. [?i] Winchester is one of the largest towns in the valley be^- tween the Potomac River and Tennessee. It is the Capital of Frednrick county, and one of the largest and most wealthy towns in Virginia. The town has niostly a low situatmn, extendino- along one street about a mile. Population between 3 and 4000. This valley road cor.tinues for hundreds of miles from N. E. to S. W. in sight of she Blue Ridj^e E. and North Mountain W. — The land is the best in Virginia. [o] Harrisonburg, post-town and capital of Rockingham county. Virgig] Fayettesville, Little Pedee River, South-Carolina State - 7 - 26 33 - 24 51 - - 22 79 - ,24 103 - 20 123 - 24 147 to - 33 IBO to - 25 205 Line, 9 214 - 17 231 - 56 287 »» 61 348 - 49 397 Line, 3 400 116 90 66 44 20 24 82 73 56 61 110 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &:C. [p] A city and port of entry in ti:ie District of Columbia, on the S Bank of Potomac River, and nearly at the head of tide water. Alexandria is a net»i regular city, containing a Court House, Theatre, ;\!usf'um, 6 Banks, a handsome Market House, ana 8 houses of worship, and a population of 8218. It is well situated for commerce, and has considerable — the principal ar- ticles of which are flour, Indian corn, and tobacco. [cj Dumfries, post-town, port of enliy, and capital of Prince William county. Virginia, on the Qnanlico, which falls into the Potomac, 3 miles below the town ; o3 ntiles S. of Washington, CO N. of Richmond. Long. 77 28 W. Latitude, 38 40 N. It contaiiis a court-house, a jail, a meeting-house, a large ware-house, and about 250 buildings; and has sorno trade. The Quantico is navignble as far as to the town for boats of 20 tons. At the mouth of the liver thore is a very handsome and excellent harbour. The shipping owned here in 1816, amounted to 1,956 ton?. [rfj On the S. VV. side of the Rappahannoc. This town has an extensive trade, lis aj^nual exports amount to nearly 4,0(i0,u0c, principally flour and tobacco. Fredericksburg is ?0 miles above the Tappahannock, at which port is entered the shipping of this town Population between 3 and 4000. [ej Dinwiddle county, Virginia, on S bank of the Appomat- tox, just below the falls, 12 miles above its juiictinn with .Jcunes liver, at City Point, 25 S. by E. Richmond. Longitude, 77 31 W. Latitude 37 18 N Popul^.iion in 1810,^,668; in 1820^ 6,690; whites, 3,117, slaves, 2,0''8. It contains a court-house, a jail, a masonic hall, 2 hanks, 1 insurance office, an academy, wh . h iiad, in 1818, upwards of 100 students; 12 or 14 tobac- co warehouses, 8 flour mills, and 5 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians. I for Episcopalians, I for Methodists, and 2 for Baptists. It is cue of the handsomest and most commer- cial towns in the state, and has a large trade in tobacco and flour. The shii)ping owned here in 1816, amountec to 5,754 tons. The Appomattox is navigable as far as the town for ves- sels carrying 100 tons. [/j The Capital of North Carolina, in Wake county, con- taining about 2000 inhabitants This is a beautiful and very respectable town, in the c-nitre of which is a square containing 10 f-.cres, from which run 4 streets On this square stands the Capitol or State House, a brick building, i02 by 56, and be- tween 40 and 50 /eet high. [gjThe Capital of Cumberland county, N. Carolina, a little S. of Cape Fear River, on a Sand> plain. This town is ad- vantageously situated as an inti rmediate emporium between the upper part of the State and the sea board. It is a strag- gling town of considerable ext.^nt, containing 3000 inhabitant?, a Court House, Academy, 3 Banks, 2 Printing Offjces, and 3 houses cf wojcihip. 78 GRAND ROUTES. SOUTH ^YESTERN KouTE — Continued, GRAND ROUTES. w o — ^11 in Hi Cross Great Pedee River, to Society Hill, - 21 421 87 Camden^ \Ji\ 52 473 So Columbia, l^] 85 508 Augusta, [j] 80 588 80 MlLLEDGEViLLE, [k] 86 674 166 Fort Mitcbel, 120 794 286 Point Comlort, - 61 855 Fort Dale, Ala. - 58 911 144 Claiborne, 45 956 St. Stephein's, [/] 35 99 S 128 Mississippi State Line, - 32 1023 Black Creek, 42 1065 Cross Pearl R. to Fordsville, 45 1110 Louisiana State Line, 3 1113 ^Vashin«ton c. h. 22 1135 Nkw-Orleans, bo 1188 No. 5. From Washington to Neiv- Orleans, by Nash- ville and Gen. Jackson^s Road. Nashville, as in S. Western Route, No. 2, Alabama State Line, Florence,Jm > Mississippi State Line, - Colmnbuson G. Jacksn sroaci Tom beck bee River, [n] 705 81 786 23 809 58 867 '25 892 35 254 DESCRIPTION OP ToWNS, &.C. 79 [Aj Post-town and capital Kershaw district, S. C. on K. side of the VVateree; 35 N. E Columbia, 109 N. E Augusta, 130 3\\ W. W. Charleston. Longitude 80 33 VV, Latitude 34 17 JY. Population about 1,000. It is a pleasant town, regularly laitl out, and contains a court house, a jail, an acaden-.y, and four places of public worship; 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for F.piscopa- lianp, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodii^ts, and lias ron^ldera- ble trade. The surrounding country is fertile and pleasant. — The VVateree is navigable to this place for boats of 70 tons. — Two battles were fought here during the revolutionary vvar ; one on the 16th ot August, 17uO, between General Gite* and Lord CoriiwallTs, in vvliich the Americans were defeated; the other on the 25th of April, 1781, between General Greene and Lord Rawdon. The Americms had 126 killed, and 100 taken prisoners. The British had about 100 killed. [i\ Capital of S. Curolina, situated near the junction of Broad an" Saluda ilivtis, which uiiite.ily fonn the (.rtn^^r^'e. — The land gradually ascends from the river for one mile, where coiiiineiiofs a plain containing the site of the town, which is handsomely laid out in regular streets 100 feet wide. The pub- lic buildings here are the State House, Court House, a Bank, the Columbia College, and 4 houses of worship, and between 3 and 4000 inhabitants. •Ji Capital of lljchmond county, Ga. on the Savannah ; Ion. 80 46 W. Lat. 33 19 iN. Population in 181 , 2,476 ; in 1820, upwards of 4.000. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market- hou>e. an academy, an insurance ofiice, 3 banks, one of uhich is a branch of the United States' Bank, and 4 houses of public worship ; I for Presbyterians, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for \Ie- thoiiisis. and 1 for Episcopalians. [k] The Capital of Georgia, situated on the Oconoec, a branch of th> Altamaha River, 3()0 miles from the sea, pursuing the course of the river. It has a l)igh, he.ilthy situation, and a very- fertile country around it. The public buildings are a large briik ('apitnl, a Court Hou-e, a Bank, an Academy, and 2 Churches. Population 2000. [/] Capital of Washington county, Al. on W. side of Tom- bigbt-e The river is navigable to this place for vessels drawing 8 or 10 feet of water, at all seasons, and during 6 months of the year, f«)r such vessels as can reach Mobile. Population up- wards of lOOO. [nii Florence, apital of Lauderale county, Al. on N. Hank of the Tennessee. Its site is 1,.'0 feet above the surface of the Rivei. The streets are 100 feet wide, and intersect each other at right angles. [n] Rise- near the Muscle Shoals, in Tennessee, and mingles with Alabama River 45 iiwn in the Parish St. Tammany, Louisiana, near the entrance of Chifunrti. into Lake Pontchartrain. [q] Pontchartrain Lake is about 35 miles long, and 25 broad. It communicates w.th L. Borgne and L. Maurepas, and with N. Orleans [r] Post town and Capital of Warren county. Ten. 35 mile» S. easterly of Murfreesborough, containing, between 3 and 400 inhabitants. [s\ Winchester, pnst-town and capital of Franklin county, Tennessee, on Elk river j about 35 miles E. by N. Fayeiteville, W 707. [/] Hillsborough, post-town, Franklin county, Tennessee; 60 Murfree^borough \u\ The Capital of Madison county, Al. It is regularly laid out, and the house principally built of brick. It contains a Court House, Market House, Bank, Land Office, 2 Printing Offices, and 2 Churches. Population nearly 2000. [v] Capital of Limestone county, Al. situated between Hunts- ville and Muscle Shoals, in the midst of a very fertile country. [«>j Russelvillej post-town and capital of Logan county, Ken- tucky ; 55 miles N.N. E. of Washville, 200 S. W. Lexington, Population in 1810,,535— in 1820, 1, 712. It contains a court house, a jail, a bankj an academy, a meeting-house, 2 print- ing-offices, and had, in lol7, about 170 houses. It is near- ly equi-distant fiom Green and Cumberland rivers, about 35 miles from eacii, and situated in a very femile country. — A vineyard has lately been planted about 2 miles from Russel- vllJe. 82 ©RAND ROUTES. SOUTH WESTERN ROUTE '^'O'ltinuech No. 7. From Washington to New- Orleans, by Kndx- ville and Caliawba. GRAND ROUTES. lit ^§5 g = d III Kiioxville, as in S. W. Route. No. 2, 523 163 Morgantown, 41 564 150 Cross leiinessee Rh'er, to Calhoim, [x] - 37 601 Alabama State Line, QS 664 St. Clair c. Ii. - 70 734 145 End of Cahawba Valley, :oo 834 Cabawba, [;/] 42 876 St. Stephen's, 90 966' 128 Mississippi State Line, - 52 998 New-Orleans, as in S. Wesc Route, No. 4, 165 1163 No. 8. From Washington to NeiD- Orleans, by Athens in Georgia. Fredericksburg, [z] 57 65 Pamunkj River, [a] 46 103 Cross James River, to Car- tersville, [6] - 25 128 Farmville, 36 164 78 Danville, - 91 255 196 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 83 [x] Seises from the Alleghany Mountains, on the bnr lersol N, Carolina. It cr« sses the State of Ten. in a S. westerly direc- tion, enters Alabama, then pursuing a westerly course of 150 or 20U miles, takes a northern, and crosses the State ot Ten- nessee again, the western part ol the State of Kentucky, and joins the OhiD l2 miles below the CumberlHrnl, and 46 above the Mississippi. It is in length llOO miles. At some seasons of the year, it is navigable for >team boats 259 miles to Florence, in Alabama, at the lower end of Muscle Shoals, and for boats at all seasons Above the Shoals boats pass without obstruc- tion 25o miles to the Whil, where the river breaks through the Cumberland Mountains. [y] Capitcil of Alabama, W. side of Alabama River, at the junction of Cahawba River. In 1820, it was established the seat of government for 3 yea's. It contains a brick State Ilouse, a Church, a Land Office, an Academy, and 2 Printing Ofiict'S, from each of which is issued a newspaper. [s] Fredetickbburg, post-town, Spottsylvania county, Virgi- nia, on S. VV. side of the Rappahatmuc ; 7o miles above Tap- pahanooc, 68 N. Richmond. Long,itude 77 38 VV Latitude 38 34 N. — Population in 1812, 2,550, and in 1817, 3,255.— It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, and is one of the moi>t healthy, flourishing, and commercial towns in the state. It contains a couil-honse, a jail, a spacious town-housp, a market house, a masonic hail, a Lancasterian school, a tobacco waieboMi^e, 1* banks, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Epis- copalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Bajstists, and i f.»r Metho- dists. Nearly 100 ot the houses are of buck It is the seat of the superior court of law and of chancery for the district. — This town expoits large quantities of corn and flour, and con- siderable, quantities of toba'-co, flax-teed, pease, and beans. The annual amount of exp« rts is about 4,000,000 dollars. On the waters of the Rap[)ahani!oc, within tv\<) mlLs ol the town, there are eigit flour mills. The river is na ig^ible as Jai as this place tor ves.'-els of 130 or 140 tons, having 9 1-2 feet of water. The shipping of this town is entered at the port of Tappahannoc. JViuch ol the surrounding country is fertile, well-cultivated, and cfiaams many fine plantutions- [a\ Pamunky river, Virginia, formed by the North and South Anna. It runs S. E. and unites with the Mattapony, to form York river. [6] James River informed by the union of Jackson and Cow- pasture Rivers. At the point where it begins to break through the Blue Ridge, it is joined by N. River. It passes Linch- burg, Richmond, City Point, and Jamestown, communica- ting with the Atlantic through Hampton Roads and the mouth of the Ciiesapeake Bay. This River flows through a fertile country, abounding in tobacco, wheat, corn, hemp, coal, &;c. 84 GRAND ROUTES. SOUTH WESTERN ROUTE — ContinuecL GRAND ROUTES. Hu itsviile, Morj2:antpwn, [c] - Greenville, S. C. Cross Tu^aloo R. &: Georgia State Lii]e,toCaniesviIle,G. Athens, - - - Moiitieello, '^1 - Cross Flint River, to Gen'l Mcintosh's, - Cross Catahoochee River, to Coweta, [e] - Lewis, Old Fort Bainbridge, Poi]it Comfort, - New-Orieans as in S. West Route, No. 4, - " c ^ 5 " ^ "* bt ^1° 87 342 83 425 82 507 61 568 65 623 48 671 51 722 52 774 32 806 31 837 335 1172 146 205 110 100 70 68 SOUTHERN ROUTE. From Washington to Charleston and Savan- nah, and thence to St, Augustine and Neid Smyrna. m S. r/] West Faveueville, as Route, No. 4 Lumberton, South-Carolina State Line, Cross Litrie Pedee River, to Stage House, - Pedee River, Georgetoion, [g} - 348 33 381 20 40] 25 426 15 441 41 482 61 94 114 150 DESCRIPTIOX OF TOWNS, ^ 90 STATE ROADS. No. 1. The Roads of each State, ivhich lead to, and from, its principal cities and capitals, and the cross-roads leading in various direc- tions, MAINE. GRAND ROUTES. "3 S ^ •lii =11 iH' ^1^ lU From Portlandto Brunswick, 27 581 Cross Androscoggin River to Topsham and Bowdoin- town, [ii] 13 40 590 Hallowell, [y] - 16 55 610 Augusta, [iv' 3 58 613 Cross Kennebec R. to Harlem 12 70 623 Belmont, 25 95 651 Belfest, [x] 7 102 651 No. 2. Fro77i Portland to Bangor, and thence to Grand Lake, head of St. Croix River, Ws 624 645 666 678 695 701 Augusta, as in No. 1, Vassalboro', [y] - Fairfax, - - - Unity, - - - Dixmont, Hampden, [^] - - Bangor, [fr] - Cross Penobscot River, to Eddington, [a] 58 12 70 10 80 7 87 12 99 17 116 6 122 7 129 708 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 91 [u] Androscoggin river takes its rise in Umbagog lake, N. H. in which state it has a course of about forty miles, then after a course in the S. W. part of Maine, of 100 miles, it flows into the Kennebeck, eighteen miles from the sea — six miles froai Bath. [r] Hallowell is situated on Kennebeck river, forty-three miles from its mouth. The principal village of Hallowell is situated on a basin, the west side of the river, v.-here are ten wharves. It has a considerable extensive commerce : the ex- ports consist of beef, pork, pot and pearl ashes, corn, wheat, rye, oats, butter, hay, lumber, fish. The village is built most- ly on three streets, two of which are parallel with the river, and contains two houses of worship, two printing-offices, and near- ly two thousand inhabitants. Besides the principal village, there are two other small ones within the township. [w\ Capital of Kennebeck county, Maine, on west bank of Kennebeck river, ('across which, at this place, there is an excel- lent bridge,) a pleasant small town, with some trade ; the river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons, [x] Hancock co. Maine. Population in 1820, 2,026. It is delightfully situated on Belfast bay, at the mouth of a small ri- ver of the same name, ^.nd at the N. W. part of Penobscot bay. It has a good harbour, and great maritime advantages, and is a flourishing town. It has an academy and a printing office. [j/] Kennebeck county, on E. side of Kennebec river. This is a large agricultural town, containing between two and 3,000 inhabitants. [s] A pleasantly situated tfiwn on the west bank of the Pe- nobscot, and contains an academy and theological seminary, called the Maine Charity School, intended for the education of poor pious young men for the ministry. [6^] The capital of Penobscot county, Maine, at the head of the tide and navigation, on west side of Peni.bsrot river. It contains a court-house, bank, athanaeum, and printing-office.— This is a pleasantly situated, and very flourishing town favour- ably located for commerce. The river is navigable for vessels of 3 to 400 tons, to the town. [a] This is the largest river in the state of Maine: it rises in the western part ©f the state, and flows E. by S. till it unites with the eastern branch, fifty-four miles in a right line N. by E. Bangor. After the junction, it holds a general course, S. by W. till it flows into the head of Penobscot bay. The towns on the west side of the river, beginning at the head of navigation, are, Bangor, Hampden, Frankfort, Prospect, Belfast, Northport, Lincolnville, Camden, and I'homastown ; on the east side, Brewer, Orington, Bucksport, Orland, Penobscot, Castine, Sedg- wick, and Deer Isle. Penobscot Bay enters between the Isle of Holt and Owls' Head; it is eighteen miles wide, and in length, from north to south, about thirty. 92 STATE ROADS. MAINE — Continued. GRAND ROUTES. mi i S ill •ill Pasandunky Creek, Grand Lake, 32 50 161 211 740 790 No. 3. J/om Portland to Norridgeivock, and thence to Quebec. Auo^usta, as before, Sidney, [6] Waterville [c] - Fairfield, [ti] Bloomfield, [e] - Norridgewock, [f] Anson, [«"] Dead R. Bingham's purchase Forks of Kennebec R. [A] Moose River, Chaudiere River, Qu^:l3EC, 58 58 12 70 5 75 4 79 7 86 5 91 11 102 20 122 115 137 24 161 37 198 60 258 No. 4. Fro7n Portland to Farmington and New- Portland, Augusta, as before, Read field. Mount Vernon, [i] Vienna, 58 68 7 65 5 70 7 77 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 9S [b] Sidney, post-town, Kennebec county, Maine, on the Kenneber, opposite to Vassalborough ; 8 N. Augusta. Topu- lation, 1,890. [c] Kennebec county, Maine, on the \V. sirle of the Kennebec, handsomely situated at the head of boat navigation, opposite .reconic Falls, which display a beautiful cascade. This towu is a fine situation for mill seats, being intersected by se- veral streams ; it has considerable trade, and well situated for ship building. The Maine Literary and Theological Institu- tion, under Oie superintendence of the Baptist denondnation, is located at this place. — Population, from one to two thou- sand. [d] Post-town, Somerset county, Maine, on the Kennebec ; 9 miles S. Norridgewock, 196 miles N. N. E. Boston. Popula- tion, 1,609. [e] Post town, Somerset county, Maine, on W side of Ken- nebec, opposite Canaan ; 5 E. Norridgewock. Population, 889. It is a considerable town, and contains an academy. — Here is a bridge across the Kennebec. [/] Pleasantly situated on both sides of the Kennebec river, over which, at this place, is an excellent bridge. It is the capi- tal of Somerset county, and is a place of considerable trade, with nearly 1,000 inhabitants. [g] Anson, post-town, Somerset county, Maine, on W. side of the Kennebec ; 12 N. W. Norridgewock, 206 NNE. Boston. Population, in 1810, 633— in 1820, 948. [/tj Kennebec river has its rise on the confines of Canada. — It has two principal branches — the eastern and western : the former rises from Moosehead Lake, and the latter called Dead River, interlocks with the sources of the Chaudiere. The two branches unite about twenty miles below Moosehead Lake, and the river afterwards pursues a southerly course, and flows into the Atlantic between Phipsburg and Georgetown. It is joined by the Androscoggin eighteen miles from the sea. There are se- veral falls on this river, and several bridges across it. The river flows through a very fertile tract of country : the principal towns on the river are. Bath, Gardiner, Hallowell, Augusta, Water- ville, Bloomfield, and Norridgewock. [i] Mount Vernon, post-town, Kennebec county, Maine ; 1$ N. W. Augusta, 170 N. N. E. Boston. Population 1,293. 94 STATE ROADS. MAINE — Continu ed. GFxAND ROUTES. pi-t .-5 Chesterville, Fannitigton, [j] - Industry, f/t] New-Portland, [/] 5 10 8 11 82 92 100 111 No. 5. From Portland to Paris, Gray, [m] Paris, [n] 26 16 42 No. 6. Jlom Portland to Watcrford, and thence to Androscoggin River. Windham, [o] 11 11 568 Raymond, [p] 13 24 576 Bridgetown, [q\ - 11 35 689 Waterford, [»"] - 11 46 580 Albany, - - - 6 52 Androscoggin River, 7 59 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SlC, 9b ij] Post-town, Kennebec county, Maine, 29 miles N, N. VV. Augusta, 200 N. N. E. Boston. Population 1,938. It is a va- luable agricultural town, and contains an academy. U-] Post-town, Someiset county, Maine, 13 W. Norridge- vock. Population, 796. [I] New-Poi tland, town, Somerset co. Maine ; 22 N. W. Nor. ridgcwock. — Population, 421. [m] Post-town, (Cumberland county, Maine ; IR N. Portland, 130 N. N. E. Boston. Population, 1,479. Here is a woollen manufactory. [n] Paris, post-town, and capital, Oxford county, Maine ; 48 N. N. W. Portland, 160 N.N. E. Boston. Population, 1,844. It contains a court-house, a jail, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. [o] Post-town, Cumberland county, Maine ; 16 N. W.Port- land, 130 N. N. E. Boston. Population, 1,793. f;)] Raymond, post-town, Cumberland county, Maine ; 24 N. N. W. of Portland, HO N. N. E. of Boston.— Population, 1,3CR. [q] Post-town, Cumberland counts, Maine ; 39 N, W. Port- land, 130 N. N. E. Boston. Population in 1810,832 ; in 1820, 1,160. Here is an academy. [|j Post-town, Oxford count}-, Maine.; 12 S. \V. Paris.-* Population, 1,035. \)6 STATE ROADS. MAINE — Continued. No. 7. From Portland to Fryebiirg, and thence to Lancaster^ New- Hampshire. GRAND ROUTES. Particular distance frorri Wash- ington IP Distmre from State Capitals. ill Gorham, 11 11 564 S. Stand ish, 7 18 18 571 Standish, - 6 24 24 Hiram, 16 40 40 581 Frjeburg, [w] Portsmouth, N. H. road 12 62 52 563 to Notch ill White Mountains, [z;] - 26 84 45 500 Lancaster, - 24 108 651 No. 8. From Portland to Boston by Doughty^ s Falls. Saco, 16 16 16 639 Doughty's Falls, 25 41 41 525 Berwick, [w] 6 47 46 519 Dover, H. Hamp. [.r] 6 53 40 513 Durham, [y\ 6 59 40 507 New-Market, 4 63 34 499 Exeter, [zj - 8 71 39 490 Boston, 50 121 89 492 DESCRIPTION OF TdWXS, ^C, Dv [«] FryebuFg, Oxford county, Maine, on the Saco. This is a handsome, pleasantly situated village ; in its vicinity are made iarge quantities of sugar from the maple tree. — Here is a re- spectable academy. — Population rising 1000. [v] The White xMountains are the highest points of land la New-England, and at first view, present no opening by vvliich the traveller can gain the opposite side ; but, by some extraor- dinary effort of nature, a passage has been forced, forming a communication between the opposite sides of the mountain, which the art of man could hardly have accomplished. The ^art of the passage which appears to have been forcibly sun- dered, is about a quarter of a mile long, and a part of that dis- tance is only just wide enough for a road, and a -Email brook which runs by its side. This passage was well known to tlie Indians, who used to convey their captives through it to Ca- nada; bit it was discovered to the whites by two settlers whib hunting, who were rewarded with a large tract of land by the Stale of New-Hampshire. The roads, in the vicinity of the mountains, as might be expected, are rough, hilly, and some- times dangerous. i The roads in Maine, generally speaking, are remarkably good, considering how recently many parts of the slate "havs been settled. [iv] Yoik county, Maine, on the east side of Salmon Fall River. There is a considerable village in the vicinity of Ber- wick, at a landing near the falls in the river. Both together containeo between 4 and 5,000 inhabitants, but they were divid- ed in 1814. Berwick is a pleasantly situated town of consider- able business. [x] The village of Dover is situated at the head of Cochecho, and contains a court-house, bank, printing-office, and 2 houses of public worship. It has several mills and manufactories. — Population, 2,300. \v] Situated on N. W. side of Great Bay, Strafford county, jNew-Hampshire. The chief thing in this town remarkable, is a rock weighing 60 or 70 tons, lying so exactly piJised on another rock, as to beeasdy moved with one hand. This town contains about 1500 inhabitants. [z] Pleasantly situated at the head of tide water, on Exeter River, New-Hampshire. This is one of the most important towns in the state ; its manufactures are extensive, con>prising woollen, cotton, paper, small arras, and various other manufac- tories and mills. T-he town is n-'ost noted fei its academy, found- ed l)y the Hon. John Phillips, in 1781. — It is a very flourishing' and well endowed institution, with a handsome library and philosophical apparatus. The building is76 feet by ?6 ; fn the dej artment of langu^g^:s, students are prepared for college. A course of theological instruction is given to the several classes*. 9 98 STATE ROADS. Cross Roads in the State of Maine. No. 9. Fro7n Machias to Calais. TOWNS, &c. Alexandria, [a^ Milton, Calais, 30 38 44 No. 10. From Castine to Alexandria. Blue Hill, - _ 10 Surry, [6] - - - 10 20 Elsworth, - - 4 24 Mariaville, - - 18 42 Alexandria, - - - QS 105 No. 11. From Wlscasset to Augusta. Pittston, Aifgusta, 21 29 No. 12. From York to Fryehurg. ScUidford, Alfred, Parsonfield, Porter, Fryeburg, 20 6 26 19 45 12 57 14 71 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, fcc. 91/ [a] Alexandria, Washingtoa county, Maine 3 30 north of Machias. [b] Post-town, Hancock county, Maine ; 18 N. E, Castine, .2.37 N. E. Boston. PoDulation, 428. 100 STATS ROADS. M Ai N E — Continued. No. la From Parsonfield to Portsmouth^ N. H, TOWNS, fcc. III New field, Sh'cipleigh, - - - South Shciplcigb, Doughty, - - - iJerwick, - - - •South Berwick, Portsmouth, - 3 6 16 6 3 12 5 8 14 30 36 39 51 ROADS IN NEW-HAMPSHIRE. No. 1. JProOT Portsmouth to the White Mountains, and Lancaster, on Connecticut River. Piscataqua Bridge, [^] 7 7 Dover, 5 12 Norway Plain, [^' - II 23 Mikon, - 11 34 Loneweirs Pond, •a •• 6 40 Ossipee Church, - 11 61 Ossipee Lake, [e] - 8 59 Head of Six Mile : Pond, 8 67 Swift River, - - 7 74 Along Saco River to the Gap of Wliitc Mountains ) ■ 27 101 Whipple Dale, 17 118 Lancaster. [/] - 7 125 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SzC. 101 \c] Piscataqua River, New-Hampshire, rises in Wakefield, separating Maine from N. Hampshire, during a S. S. E. course of about 40 miles, and flows into the Atlantic below Ports- mouth. The tributary waters of Piscataqua, open a naviga- tion to S. Berwick, Dover, New-Mfvrket, Durham, and Exeter. The harbour formed by the mouth of this river, is one of the best on the Atlantic coast. \_d] Situated near the centre of the town of Stratford, New- Hampshire, on the W. side of Salmon Fall River, containing a court-house, cotton factory, and about 50 dwelling houses. [e] Ossipee Lake, in New-Hampshire, is., chiefly remarkable on account of the handsome scenery it presents. It is 1,000 rods long from N to S. and 600 broad. [/] The capital of Coos county, New-Hauipshire, on the Con- mcticut, opposite Guildhall, with which it is connected by a bridge ; the village is pleasantly situated, about a mile from the Connecticut, on Israel's River. — It contains an academy, and court-house, and church. 102 STATE ROADS. NEW-HAMP s HIRE — Continued, No. 2. From Concord [g] to Boston. TOWNS, &C. ■if M 16 16 4 m IP Londonderry, - . - Andover, [A] - Medford, . . - Boston, . . - 26 42 58 62 No. 3. From Portsmouth to Lake Winnipiseogee, TOWNS, &a Is £••1 s| m sti PI Norway Plain, as in No. 1, - 23 50 517 Dock, 8 31 Merry meeting Bay, - 9 40 Through the Bay, 5 45 Throu2;h the Lake to Centre Harbour, [i] 16 61 No. 4. From Portsmouth to Haverill Corner^ thence to Montreal and Piscataqua Bridge, Durham, Northwood, I 1 3 10 i^ 25 34 501 21 514 BE8CRIPTI0N OP TOWNS, &LC, 103 [g-] Capital of New-Hampshire, situated on both sides of the Merrimac River, in latitude 43 12, containing between 2 and 3,000 inhabitants. The town is delightfully situated, the hous- es extending along the road or street, nefiriy two miles. The State-house is an elegant building, and finely situated ; there are also a court house, 2 churches, 2 banks, and 3 printing offices. The business and prospeiity of this town are much promoted by means of a canal, which connects ii with Boston, called the Middlesex canal, making an inland water communi- cation of 62 miles. [h] Is a town of some note in New-England, situated on the S. E. side of the Merrimac, it consists ol 2 parishes, and con- tains 2 academies, one called the Fianklin, and the other Phil- lips' Academy ; and also, the Theological Seminary, or Ando- ver Institution, well endowed and pleasantly situated. Popula- tion, between 3 and 4,000 lii Winnjpiseogee Lake, in Sti-afford county, New-Hamp- shire ; is 20 miles long, and 14 broad where widest ; of a very irregular form, containing a number of islands. The vicinity of Winnipiseogee Lake, and of the White Moun- tains, in New-Hampshire, is said to present scenery the most grand and beauiiful. From the summit of the mountain may be had a delightful view of the adjacent country many miles: the Winnipiseogee Lake appears just at its base, and the ocean may be seen 65 miles distant from the nearest point oi the shore. But the most desirable view is that which the weather-beaten sailor takes on his home bound voyage, when the practised eye alone can distinguish its looming summit from the contiguc ous clouds. It)4 STATE ROADS. NEW-HAMPSHIRE — Continued, TOWNS, &C. Ji 111 Sen * i C H £S3 e!5 SSI ""^Q IH Beuly Pond, 12 37 Gilmanton, [j] 10 47 19 623 Meredith Bridge, 10 67^ Squam River, 14 71 Gross Merrimac River to Plymouth, 5 76 44 539 Gross Baker's River, 13 89 Akin's Bridge, 2 91 Eastman's Pond, 9 100 Haverill Comer, \k'] 7 107 76 522 Gross Connecticut R. to Newbury, Vt. [t - 3 110 34 619 Wells River, 5 116 Rye Gate, - 5 120 28 524 Peach urn, [m] 8 128 27 632 Joe's Pond, 6 134 Greensburg, 12 146 46 652 Grafts burg. 8 164 63 560 Albany, 4 158 67 564 Kelly Vale, 8 166 66 668 Missisque River, 15 181 Canada Line, 8 189 St. Amana, - 5 194 End of Proposed Turn- pike, 10 204 St. John's, by the Turn- pike, 17 '221 Montreal, - 22 243 1 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (SzC. ICl/ rj] Siraftard county, New-Hampshire, a large township. — Gilmaiiton, including Gillbrd, has a population of between 4 and 5,000, and contains 5 houses of worship, a cotton and nait' manufactory, and a respectable academy. The court of com- mon pleas, for the county of Strafford, is held alternately at Gihnanton and Rochester, and the superior court at Dove-r. [k] Grafton county, New-Hampshire, on the Connecticut, opposite Newbury, with which it is connected by a bridge. The courts for the county are held alternately here and at Plymouth* It is a pleasant village of considerable business, and contains a court-house, academy, and about CO dwelling houses. [/] Connecticut river, tlie niost noted in New-England, rises on the north border of New- Hampshire, and separates New- Hampshire from Vermont; it then passes through Massaciiu- eetta und Connecticut, into Long Island Bound, lU. whola length is 410 miles. It is nav'igablo for vessels drawing 8 feet of water, to Hitrlford, and by means of canals, it has beeti made tiavigable for boat* 250 miles above Hartford, to Bath, New Hi*m|;6hire. There are several falls on this river, the most remarkable ol which is Bellows Falls. It fld-ws through a lux- uriant fertile country, and on its banks are a greater num- be;- of hanfit>ome flourishing towns and villages than can be fourid on any other river in the United State3. ■ [m] A valuable agricultural town, wi:h a small village con- taining an academy and congregatioual church. 106 STATE ROADS. N E w-H A M p s H I R E — Continued, No. 5, From Portsmouth to ^oncord, and thence to 3Ion tpelie r, Vermont. TOWNS, &C. ll in ill III Ji.f J2> Piscataqua Bridge, - 7 7 Durham, 3 10 40 507 North wood, 16 25 21 614 Suncock Pond, 3 28 15 Suncock River, 5 33 10 Federal Bridge, 9 42 1 Concord, - 1 43 505 Long Pond, 3 46 Contoocook River, - 4 60 Canterbury Bridge, - 3 53 Salisbury, - 6 69 16 521 Shaker's Settlement, 26 85 Mascomey Pond, 3 88 Dartmouth College, [ii] 8 96 63 495 Cross Connecticut river to Norwich, 1 97 45 494 Strafford, - 12 109 32 495 Chelsea, 9 118 23 505 Washington, 9 127 14 514 Bar re. 6 133 8 622 MONTPELIER, 8 141 567 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 107 [n] Dartmouth College was founded in 1769. The institution consists of two handsome buildings — one called College Hall, 150 by 50 feet, three stories high : the other, styled Medical Hall, a brick edifice of three stories, with a laboratory, a room for the anatomical museum, two lecture rooms, and several other rooms for medical students, besides a chapel and dining hall. — The library contains about 4,000 volumes. The usual number of under-graduates has been lor several years past, about 150. , The college is situated in the town of Hanover, a pleasant and healthy village, on E. side of Connecticut river, containing about 60 houses. lOf STATE ROAD; NEW-HAMPSHIRE — Continued, No. 6. From ■Portsmouth to Albanij^ by Bennington, Vermont, TOWNS, "S^c. Exeter, Chester, Londonderry, Merrimac River, Amherst, [o] Peterboro' - Jaffry, [p] - TVlarlboroiio:h,yer't. ■ Cross Connecticut R. to Brattleborough, [ry] Marlborough, Washington, Readsborough, Bennin";ton, Vt Pittston, ['] Lansingburg, [5] Troy, Albany, 14 16 5 9 10 18 7 9 11 9 6 6 14 30 35 44 54 72 79 88 99 108 ,114 120 135 18 \bS 10 163 4 167 5 172 t «j »■• 39 23 29 45 69 76 120 111 a c S 490 484 484 464 455 446 29 421 19 i09 9 388 5 379 374 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, -hich there is three bridges at this place. The courts are held alternately here and at Cambridge. Population about 1,700. Here the first blood was spilt in the revolutionary contest. 1'he Provin- cial Congress met in this town in 1774. 118 STATE ROADS. MASSACHUSETTS — Continued. TOWNS, &C. Is ■S5 W Cl'q Cross Merrimac River, „ 3 37 Town send, - 6 43 New Hampshire State Line, - 6 49 New Ipswich, - 6 55 Jaffry, - 11 66 Keene, - 12 78 Walpole, - 11 89 Cross Connecticut River at Bel- low's Falls, - 1 90 Rockingham, Vermont, . 6 96 Chester, - 9 105 Cavendish, - 7 112 Shrewsbury, - - 19 131 Rutland, - 9 140 Basin Harbour, opposite N. W. Bay 50 190 Montreal, - 112 302 No. 4 From Bosto7i to Gloucester, Salem, as in No. 1 Beverly, Manchester, - Gloucester, No. 5. From Boston to Montreal by Stages ^ Steam- boats. Charlestown, [g~\ - - I Cross Middlesex Canal to Medford,| DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 119 O ■ ■ i - ■ . . ' ' ■■■■ [g] Charlesfown, Middlesex county, Massachusetts, is one mile from the centre of Boston, to which it is connected by an excellent bridge across Charles river. This town is the largest in the county, and enjoys a pretty extensive trade ; it contains the state's prison, an insane hospital, an United States' navy-yard, an alms-house, a market-house, over which there is a spacious town-hall, and 5 houses of worship. There are 4 bridges con- nected with Charlestown, the above mentioned connecting it with Boston ; 2 across Mystic river, one leading to Chelsea, and the other to Maiden, and one which unites with Craggie's bridge, leading from Boston to Cambridge. The memorable battle of Bunker's Hill, was fought on the heights of this town, June 17, 1775. [20 STATE R(3AS)S. MASSACHUSETTS — Continued, TOWNS, &C. Woburn, _ _ > Re-cross Middlesex Canal to Be- lerica, - - - Chelmsford, [h] T}ngsborough, New Hampshire State Line, - Cross Nashua River to Dunstable, Amhurst, Mount Vernon, Francis Town, Contocook River, Hillsborough, Washington, Goshen, * - > Newport, [?'] Sugar River, Claremont, Cornish, Cross Connecticut River by Cor- nish Bridge, to Windsor, Vt. Royalton, Montpelier, Burlington, Montreal, by Lake Champlain, Montreal, by Land, 9 8 4 8 5 14 5 10 11 S 10 11 4 3 5 8 3 29 35 38 88 83 134 163 198 236 324 319 DESCRIPTION -OF TOWNS, (SlC. 121 [h] Celebrated for its glass manufactory. It is situated on the S. side of the Merrimac ; the Middlesex Canal commences here ; beautiful granite, used in most of the modern buildings at Boston, is obtained at this town, and transported down the canal. Population, 1,400. [t] Newport, the semi-metropolis of Rhode-Island, is situa- ted on the S. W. end of the island of Rhode-Island, 5 miles frora the sea. It contains a state-house, academy, 5 banks, 2 insurance offices, a public library, and 11 houses of worship.— This town is celebrated for the beauty of its situation, having a gradual ascent from the water ; it has a fine appearance from the harbour and surrounding country. The harbour is defended by three forts. Green, Brenton, and Wolcott. Here is a milita- ry hospital belonging to the United States. The shipping anrounts to about 11,000 tons. Population, rising 7,000. Jl m STATE ROADS. MAS SACHUSETTS — Continued. No. 6. From Boston to Winchendon. TOWNS, &C. Concord, as in No. 3, - 17 Stow, _ _ - 8 25 Bolton, 7 32 LancastCTy - - - 4 36 Leominster, - - - 8 44 Fitchbury, - - - 4 48 Ashburnham, ^ - - 10 58 WiNCHENDON, 10 68 No. 7. From Boston to Nortkfield, Leominster, as in No. 6, Athole, Northfield, 21 22 No. 8. From Boston to AIba7iy, and thence to Buffa- he and Falls of Niagara, Worcester, [j] Leicester, [/c] - Spencer, Brookfield, Ware, DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &:C. 123 [j] Capita] of Worcester county, Massachusetts; it is plea- santly situated, and is a place of considerable wealth and trade. The first large quarto and folio bibles, ever published in Ameri- ca, were printed in this town. The town is built principally on one street, upwards of a mile in length ; it is one of the niost considerable inland towns in Massachusetts, containing a hand- some court-house, and 3 houses of worship, and a number of well-built private dwellings. Population, 2,600. [Ar] Leicester, Worcestercounty, contains a respectable aca- demy, which was incorporated in 1784-, and generally has about 100 students. The site of the building is elevated and healthy. In this town there is a large card manufactory, 3 meeting-bous- es, and rising 1,000 inhabitant?. IM STATE ROADS. MASSACHUSETTS — Continued. TOWNS, &C. u •2 5 w vi Belchertown, - ^ 9 81 Hadley, 10 91 Cross Connecticut River to North- ampton, [ /] 1 92 Chesterfield, - - 12 104 Worth ington, - . 6 lie Peru, - 8 118 Dalton, . 6 124 Pittsfield, - - . 6 130 Hancock, . 5 135 New- York State Line, . 1 136 Lebanon Springs^ [m\ - 1 137 Canaan, •• 1 139 Stephenson, • - 7 146 Union, - 6 152 Green Bush, - - 12 164 Cross Hudson River to Albany, 1 165 Buffaloe, as in N. York, No. 16, 306 471 Falls of Niagara, - 21 492 No. 9. From Boston to Hudson^ and thence to Ithaca and Erie Pennsylvania, through the South Wester 71 counties of New- York. Lebanon Springs, as before, Concord, - - - Hudson, - - - Cross Hudson River to Athens, 10 18 1 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 125 [l] Northampton, capital of Hampshire county, Massachu- setts, is beautifully situated on the W. side of Connecticut river, at which place there is a bridge across it, 1060 feet long. A fine stream runs through the town, on which are a number of mills and manufactories : at 2 woollen factories, nearly sixU/ yards of cloth are made daily. Within 8 miles of the town is a valuable lead mine, and in its vicinity are Mount Tom and Mount Holyoke, from which may be had a most delightful view of the surrounding country, including the largest and most fer- tile meadows that are to be found ©n the Connecticut. The population is between 2 and 3,000. Hadley is connected with Northampton by the bridge above- mentioned ; it is also connected with Hatfield by another bridge, and is a pleasant village, situated mostly on two wide streets, one of which is a milo long. This town is much noted for the culture of broom-corn, which, when manufactured, produces the amount of ^20,000 annually. There is a respectable aca- demy here, with upwards of 100 students. The towns on this part of the river suffered great hardship in their early settlement, being constantly annoyed by the In- dians, who openly attacked them several times, setting fire to their towns, and carrying off the inhabitants prisoners. [m] New-Lebanon, Canaan, Columbia county, New-York. These springs have obtained considerable celebrity ; it is a ther- mal water, of the temperature of 12'^ of Fahrenheit. The spring is kept in a state of ebullition by a constant emission of azotic gas, but is used without injury for anj- domestic purpose. U^ 126 STATE ROADS. MASSACHUSETTS — Continued. TOWNS, &C. «5 If Catskill Landing, _ 5 171 Catskill, [n] - - 2 173 Lexington, - 27 200 Paghkataken, on Popachton Branch of Delaware River, - 15 215 Rapakunk, - 12 227 Cross Delaware River to Walton, 10 237 Cross East Branch of Susquehan- nah to Jerico, - 24 261 Coventry, - 7 268 Cross Chenango River to Greene, 9 277 Tionioga River, - 12 289 Owasco River, East Branch, - 10 299 Owasco River, West Branch, - 3 302 Speedsville, - - 9 311 Ithaca, [o] - - 6 317 Catherine's Town, - 20 337 Salubria - 3 340 Mud Creek, - - 17 • 357 Bath, - 8 365 Cross Conhocton and Canistio Ri- vers to Canistio, - 20 385 Angelica, - 20 405 Gennessee River, - 3 408 Ischua, . 22 430 Majville, - 60 490 Bethesda Mineral Spring, - 15 505 Greenfield, - 4 609 Erie, - 13 522 DESCRIPTION Of TOWNS, (SiC. 121 [n] Catskill, capital of Greene county, New-York, is a plea- sant village, situated on W. bank of the Hudson. It contains a court-house, bank, academy, 2 houses of worship, and up- wards of 4,000 inhabitants. It has considerable trade. [o] Ithaca is the capital of Tompkins county New- York, in the township of Ulysses, at the south end of Cauga Lake. It contains a court-house, printing-office, (from which is issued a weekly newspaper,) apd several valuable mills. m STATE ROADS. MASSACHUSETTS — Continued* No. 10. From Boston to Newburg^ on Hudson River TOWNS, &C. 11 x3 Springfield, [p] 95 South wick, - ^ - 10 105 Granville, - - - 6 111 Sandisfield, - - - 14 125 New Marlboro' 6 130 Sheffield, 8 138 Connecticut State Line, 3 141 Falls of Housatonic, 60 feet, - 6 147 Furnace Lake, 5 152 Mudge Lake, 5 157 New York State Line, 1 168 West Mountain, 15 173 Hopewell, - - - 16 189 Newburg, - - - 12 201 No. IL From Boston to Newport^ through Rehoboth, on the Turnpike, Roxbury, [9] - ,y r- - 6 Dedham, - - 3 9 Walpole, - . 11 20 Attleboro' . „ 8 28 Rehoboth, . - _ 11 39 Warren, - •• 8 1 47 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 129 [p] The capital of Hampden county, Massachusetts, on the K. side of Connecticut river. It is a large pleasant town with ^s. population of nearly 3,000. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, a woollen manufac- tory, a rope-walk, a furnace, 2 paper-mills, 2 libraries, a print- ing-office, and 2 houses of public worship. A United Stales' armoury, situated about half a mile east of the village, has the appearance of a small town ; a level square of 20 acres, is occupied with a number of dwelling-houses, store-houses, and workshops. One building is 204 feet by 32, of two stories, with a cupola, from which may be taken a most extensive and de- lightful view of Connecticut river and the surrounding country. Another is 100 by 40 feet, a third 60 by 32, all of brick, and 2 stories high. The second story of the last, is a large commo- dious hall, consecrated as a place of worship. There are wa- ter-works situated about a mile south of the arsenal, having 3 divisions — upper, middle, and lower, on Mill River, which flows into the Connecticut, where are the greatest collection of mills and other water-works in the stute. There are about 250 work- men employed at this establishment. It is estimated that the cost of muskets at Springfield, is $13 56 each ; at Harper's Ferry, $U 25. [q] Uoxbury, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, is a large and respectable town, consisting of threp parishes, one of which ap- pears a continuation of the city of Boston, with which it is con- nected by the isthmus called Boston Neck. The second parish conjprises Jamaica Plain, a delightful village, in the vicinity of which is a pond which has never been fathomed. The popula- tion of the third parish, called Spring Street, is more diffused, having no village of consequence. Roxbury is an agricultural town, and sends large supplies of all kinds of fruit and vegpta.» bles to Boston market. Population nearly 4,000. 130 STATE ROADS. MASSACHUSETTS — ^oTitinued, Towr^ fs, kc. Mi ■z 3 4 JS Bristol, [r] ^ — 51 Ferry House, - . •> 2 53 Portsmouth, - . . 7 60 Newport, - - 6 65 No. 12, - From Boston to Provincetoivn, Cape Cod. Roxburj, - 6 Milton, [5" . 3 7 Quincy, [t] - 3 10 Braintree, . 2 12 Weymouth, - 1 13 Scituate, . 10 23 Hanover, . 2 25 Pembroke, m 4 29 Duxbury, m 4 33 Kingston, - 5 38 Plymouth, [u] •• 4 42 Sandwich, - 18 60 Barnstable, . 8 68 Yarmouth, - 8 76 Harwich, . 9 85 Orleans, . 6 91 Eastham, ♦ - 1 92 Wellfleet, - 11 103 Truro, . 10 113 Provincetown, - 9 122 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 131 — ■■■■■ ji» ■ ■>«* ■ ■ fr] Capital of Bristol county, Rhode-Island, on the continent. It has an excellent harbour and considerable trade ; the ship- ping bf this port amoiiius to about 6,000 tons. The town con- tains a court-house, jail, market-house, a masonic hall, 4 banks, a library, an academy, 4 houses of worship, and between 2 and 3,000 inhabitants. [*j A pleasant town, watered by the Neponset river, which separates it in part from Dorchester, and on which are a variety of mills. The compact part of the town is mostly elevated ; — from a part called Milton Hill, there is one of the most delight- ful views in America [?] A large agricultural town, Norfolk county, Massachusetts, with a population of 1,300, containing a Congregational and Episcopal church. There are some manufactories here, but the town derives most note from being the residence of the Hon, John Adams, late President of the United States. [w] Plymouth is the oldest town in New-England ; in the centre of the town is placed the rock on which the first settlers landed, the 22d December, 1620. The township contains more than 80 square miles ; in many parts the soil is barren and co- vered with pine forests. The village contains a court-house, bank, and 4 houses of worship. The harbour is large, but ad- mits vessels drawing only 10 or 11 feet of water. The ship- ping belonging to this port amounts to about 18,000 tons, em- ployed in the Fisheries, West India, and European trade. Po- pulation rising 4,000. Here are cotton, woollen, and other manufactories, and considerable iron works. 432 STATE ROADS. MASSACHUSETTS — Contiiiued. No. 13. From Boston to Chatham, TOWNS, &C. 11 a. G 32 Harwich, as in No. 12, Chatham, - - - 9 85 94 No. 14. Froin Worcester to Chelmsford. Boylstown, . 7 Berlin, - 6 13 Baltown, w 5 18 Boxborough, • 7 25 Littleton, - 4 29 Westford, . 3 32 Chelmsford, ^' 7 39 No. 15. From Worcester to Lancaster, Sterling, Lancaster, [v] tJESCRIPTION OP Towjsrs, &c. 1 35 [i'] In Worcester county, Massachusetts ; population between 2 and 3,000 ; the Nashua affords seats for mills. It is a plea- sant agricultural town, and contains a grammar school and % large cotton manufactory. J[n the viciaity of the place is an axtensive fjuarry of sla^e. n 134 STATE ROADS. MASSACHUSETTS — Continued, No. 16. Fro7n Worcester to Providence, /?. Island* TOWNS, &c. It si Grafton, ^ 8 Upton, -. - 6 14 Mind on. - - 6 20 Bollin^ham, - - 6 26 Smith field, - - 10 36 Providence, - - 6 41 No. 17. From Providence to South Kingston and Point Judith, Greenwich, - 13 Wickford, - 9 22 South Kinj2;ston, [iv - - 10 32 Point Judith, [x] - 6 38 No. 18. From Boston to Holmes Hole. Taunton, [i/] 3G Middletown, 12 48 New Bedford, [z] 15 65 Holmes Hole, 28 91 BFSCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC» 135 [%c] Or Tower Hill, is the capital of Washington county, Rhode-Island, on W. side of Narraganset Bay. Population, 3,500, It is an agricultuval town, and a place of considerable wealth. ^ [:r] Point Judith is a cape on the S. E. corner of South King,ston, Rhode-Island, on W. side of Narraganset Bay. Lat. 41 24 N. Long. 71 35 W. L^] Capital of Bristol county, on Taunton river. It is said to be one of the most beautiful towns in Massachusetts. It contains a court-house, jail, a town-house, a bank, a respectable academy, a printing office, a paper-mill, a furnace, nail manu- factory, 3 rolling and slitting mills, 2 cotton manufactories, and 5 houses of public worship. Taunton river is formed by Bridge- water and Nanoaskat rivers, and runs S. W. into Nariaganset Bay. It is navigable for sloops of 50 tons, to Taunton, twenty miles. [s] New-Bedford, seaport of Bristol county, is pleasantly situated on W. side of an arm of the sea which makes up from Buzzard's Bay; the population of the village is about 3,000. — It contains a bank, an insurance office, a flourishing academy, and 5 houses of public worship. It has an excellent harbour with a depth of water from 3 to * fathoms. The shipping be- longing to this port amounts to about 23,000 tons. The business of the tovi^n consists principally in the fisheries ; 20 vessels, amounting to 6,000 tons, are employed in the whale ^fishery, and 45 sail of vessels belonging to the district, are employed in Cod and other fisheries. There are 3 rope-walks, and consid- erable ship-building is done. 136 STATE ROADSi MASSACHUSETTS — Continued^ No. 19. From Boston to Nantucket. TOWNS, &C. 11 New Bedford, as in last, Nantucket, [a] - 60 63 123 No. 20. Route from Boston to Ballstown Springs and Mo7itreaIf and return by Portland. Albany, as in Massachusetts, No. 8. 165 Ballstown Springs, - - 31 196 Saratoga Springs, - - 8 204 Sandy Hill, - - 18 222 Fort Anne, - - 9 231 Whitehall, . - 12 243 Montreal, - - 184 427 Quebec, - - 15Q 577 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, fcc. 137 [a] Seaport on ihe island of Nantucket, on the western side of a basin whicli lies in a bay on the N, W. side of the island. The harbour is safe from all winds, being nearly land-locked by two projecting points of land ; the longest is called Sandy Point, on which there is a light-house. The town contains 2 banks, 2 insurance offices, 30 spermaceti works, employing a capital of ^600,000, a reading room, and 5 ianuses of public worship.— There are 50 private schools, and the inhabitants are generally intelligent and enterprising. Population nearly 7000. The island of Nantucket is 15 miles long, and 11 where broadest. — The soil generally is rather poor and sandy, but the whale fish- ery being the most lucrative employment, agriculture is but little attended to. The land is mostly held in common. n* 133 STATE ROADS. RHODE-ISLAND. Great Western Road from the NeiO'E^igland States, through the northern parts of Penn- sylvania, No. 1. From Providencey R. L to Erie^ Penn. TOWNS, &c. li ■ - ce X- Distance from Pro- vidence. Plainfield, Connecticut, [6] - 30 Cross Quinebaug River to Canter- bury, - 4 34 Windham, [c] - 10 44 Shetucket River, - 1 43 Columbia, - 7 62 Andover, - 4 66 Bolton, - 4 60 Oxford, - 5 63 Cross Connecticut River to Hart- ford, - 8 73 Lichfield, [d] - 32 105 Shepaug River, - 3 108 New Preston, - 4 112 Housatonic River, [e] - 8 120 New York State Line, - 1 121 West Mountain, - 11 132 Hopewell, - 9 141 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec. 139 [6] Windham county, Connecticut, on the E. side of Quine- baug, containing nearly 2,000 inhabitants. It is an agreeably situated and valuable town, with a respectable academy. The Quinebaug river rises in Massachusetts, and joins the Shetucket 3 miles above Norwich landing. [cj Windham county, Connecticut, containing a court-house, jail, academy, and congregational meeting-house; a weekly newspaper 's published here. The town is pleasantly situated, and has a population of between 2 and 3,000. It is watered by the Shetucket river, [d] Capital of Litchfield county, Connecticut, celebrated for its law institution, established nearly 40 years since. It has two profcsso>i^, and from 30 to 40 students. The principal vil- lage has an elevated situation, and contains a court-house, jail, a female academy, and the law school abovementioned, and 2 houses of worship. Besides being an agricultural town, it has a number of mills and manufactories ; in its vicinity is a medicinal spring. Mount Tom, an eminence of 700 feet, is on the western border of this town ; in the township are 9 houses of worship. [e] Housatonic river rises from two sources, both in Berkshire county, Massachusetts — one in Lanesboroiigh, and the other in Windsor. These branches unite in Pittsfield, and pursuing a southerly course, flow into Long Island Sound, between Strat- ford and Millford. It is navigable for small vessels to Derby, 12 miles. Between Canaan and Salisbury, it bas falls of near* ly 60 feet perpendicular. I4G STATE ROADS. RHODE-ISLAND — ^ontinucd. TOWNS, &C. ■11 la Hi Fishkill, 1/1 7 148 Fishkill Landing, 4 152 Cross Hudson River to Newburg, 1 153 Montrose, as in N. York, No. 21, no 263 Forks of Wyalusing, - 13 276 Wysox Creek, 14 290 Cross Susquehannah River to Meansville, 4 294 Sugar Creek, 6 300 Long Mills, 10 310 Tioga River, South Branch, - 20 330 Weilsborough^ 12 342 Big Meadow, 8 350 Elk Lick, 11 361 Head Waters of Pine Creek, - 7 368 Condersport, 16 384 Cross Allegany River to Port Allegany, 18 402 Cross Potatoe Creek to Smethport 11 413 Kenjua 28 441 Cross Allegany - - ) River^ConewangoCr.to Warren \ 2 443 11 454 Brokenstraw Creek, - 6 460 Re-cross Brokenstraw Creek, - 3 463 Frampton Branch of ditto. 13 476 French Creek, 20 496 Water ford. 4 500 Erie, - - - 14 514 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <&C. HI [/] A village in Dutchess county, New-York, about 5 miles W. of the river Hudson, where are two landings, on which -onsiderable business is done. There are 5 houses for public ^vorship in ihe township. Population nearly 7,000. i i42 STATE ROADS. RHODE-i s LAND — Continued, No. 2. From Providence to Albany^ by Springfield and Stockhridge, TOWNS, &c. z ■= m .i £-2 Gloucester, [^] _ _ 16 Connecticut State Line, - 8 24 French River, . . 6 30 Woodstock, [^] - - 4 34 Ashford, - - 6 40 Bigelow's River, . . 3 43 Roaring River, - . 5 48 Somers, - - 11 69 Massachusetts State Line, - 3 62 Springfield, - - 6 68 Westfield, - - 9 77 Blandford, - - 11 88 Tyringham, - - 16 104 Stockbridge, [i] - - 9 113 New- York State Line, - 5 118 Concord, - - 9 127 Union, - - 11 138 Greenbush, - - 9 147 Albany, 1 148 1 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, kc, 143 [g] Providence county, Rhode-Island ; the township contains between 2 and 3,000 inhabitants. Here are a number of cotton factories. In the township is a village called Chepachet^ con- taining a post-office and bank. [h] Windham co., Connecticut, an agricultural town, con- sisting of three parishes. It contains an academy, and nearly 3,000 inhabitants. [i] A pleasant town, watered by the Housatonic. It con- tains a printing-office, 1 cotton, and 2 woollen manufactories. — Population 1,400. In its vicinity are quarries of white and blue marble, and an iron mine. 144 STATE ROADS. RuoDE'iSLA^B— Continued. No. 3. From Newport to New Bedford and Barn stable^ Massachusetts. ■ -7-;.. ■ ■ ■ -= TOWNS, &C. id t& OJ Westport, 18 Dartmouth, 5 23 New-Bedfordj 6 29 Fairhaven, 1 30 Rochester, 8 38 Wareham, 4 42 Sandwich Harbour, 12 54 Barnstable, [j'] 9 63 No. 4. From Providence to Duxborough. Rehoboth, Ic] Massachusetts, - 4 Taunton, 15 19 Middleborou^h, [/] 12 31 Plympton, K -, Kingston, 5 '-'"J 4 S3 6 40 Duxborough, 5 45 No. 5. .Fro?7i Providence to South Freetown, Mass. Barrington, Swansey, Somerset, South-Freetown, - - 8 •• - 6 14 ^ - 3 17 } - 3- 20 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, ■■ is,a =J Hell Gate, [^] Entrance Long Island Sound, [e] 9 16 Greenwich point, 16 32 Opposite Norwalk, 11 43 Stratford Point, 15 58 New Haven, 16 74 New Haven Light House, 6 79 Faulkner's Island Light House, - 13 92 Connecticut river Light House, [/] 16 108 Thames River Light House 13 121 New London, 4 125 Poquetanuck River, - 8 133 Quinebaug River, 4 137 Norwich, 2 139 By Stage. Cross Shetuckct River, 3 142 Cross Quinebaug River ,to Jewet's City, 5 147 Plainfield, [gl 7 164 Sterling, 4 158 Rhode Island State Line, 4 162 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, 6lC. loQ [d] Or Hurl Gate, a narrow strait of East River, formed by the projecting point of Long Island, nearly opposite to Harlem, 8 N. of New-York city. It was formerly considered a fearful pass, but steam boats now navigate it with ease and safety. — ^ At certain times of the tide its whirlpools make a tremendous roaring. [e] This is a kind of inland sea ; it is about 140 miles long, and from 3 to 25 broad, extending the whole length of the isl- and, and dividing it from Connecticut. It communicates with the Atlantic at both ends. [/] The largest and most beautiful river in New-England. — It rises on the northern border of New-Hampshire, separates New-Hampshire from Vermont, passes through Massachusetts and Connecticut, and after a southerly course of 410 miles, flows into Long Island Sound between Saybrook and Lyme, It is navigable for sloops drawing 8 feet of water, to Hartford, 50 miles, and by means of locks and canals, it has been render- ed navigable for boats, to Fifteen Mile Falls, 250 miles above Hartford. There are falls and rapids on the river at several places, the most celebrated of which are Bellows^s Falls, ia Walpote, New-Hampshire, which are considered an interesting natural object. At South Hadley are other falls, where the river descends over a ledge of rocks, 30 feet in height, and about 100 yards in length. " When a spectator approaches the falls, be is presented with an object at once singular and beautiful; a sheet of water, spreading over an inclined plane of 230 feet, floating most elegantly in thousands of perpetually changing circular waves, and starred with an infinite multi- tude of small fluftuatiiig spangles." On the banks of this river are a great number of flourishing towns and villages, presenting a variety of beautiful land- scapes, [g] A pleasant and valaable town on the E. side of the Quinebaug, Windham county, Connecticut. It has a flourish- ing academy, and upwards of 2,000 inhabitants. 160 STATE ROADS. NEW- YORK — Continued. TOWNS, &C. •si Pi 3 1'" Scituate R. I. fh' _ 7 169 Cross the head waters of the Pa- tuxet River, to Johnson - 7 176 Trip, - 6 182 Providence, - 2 184 Pawtucket River, - 4 188 Attleborough, - 8 196 Foxboro', - 7 103 Walpole, ■• 2 105 Dedham, - 11 216 Cross Neponset River to Roxburj 8 224 Boston, - 1 2 226 No. 2. From New- York to Boston by Steamboat and Pom/ret Stage Line, Norwich as in No. 1. - 13^ % Stage. Cross Shetucet River, - - 5 144 Canterbury, - 8 152 Brooklyn, [i] - 6 158 Pomfret, [j] 6 164 Thompson, - 7 171 Cross French River, to Massachu- setts State Line, - 7 178 Douglass, Massachusetts, - 4 182 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &IC, 161 [h] Plymouth county, Massachusetts, on a bay of the same name ; 17 S. E. of Boston. It contains 3 houses of worship, and 3,105 inhabitants. [i\ Capital of Windham county, Connecticut, on W. side of the Quinebaug, 40 miles E. of Hartford. Brooklyn was established the seat of justice for Windham county in 1820, — It contains the county building and a printing-office ; the town- ship contains some of the best grazing land in the state. Po- pulation, 1,264. [j} Near the centre of this town there is a pleasant village, where several turnpikes meet. The Quinebaug separates it from Killingly, on the E. side. It is an excellent agricultural town, and contains a largQ cotton manufactory. Population, 2,04?. 14^ i62 STATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — Continued, TOWNS, &c. Hi Uxbridge, \k] Cross Pawtucket River tc ► Mendon 6 5 188 193 Milford, - - 4 197 Medway, Medfield, : - 8 4 105 109 Dedham, - - 8 117 Boston, - - 10 127 No. 3. From Neiv-York to Boston by Newport and Providence ; land and ivater Stages. By Water. Stafford Point, as in No. 1. 58 Faulkner's Isle, Light House, - 22 80 Stonington Point, 31 117 Watch Hill Light House, 3 120 Point Judith, 22 142 Newport, 12 154 Prudence Island, S. end. 6 160 Coninicut Point, 9 169 Pawtuxet River, 5 174 Providence, 6 180 By Land. Boston, as in No. 1, - 42 222 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, ^C, Kjo \k] A considerable township of Worcester county, Massa- chusetts ; 40 miles E. of Hartford, bordering on Rhode-Island. It is watered by Blackstone, Mumford, and West Rivers, ami has many valuable mills and manufactories. Population^ 1G4: STATE ROADS NEW- YORK — Continued, No. 4. From NeiV' York to Boston, by Danbury and Lichfield ; a Stage Routt ''• TOWNS, kc. II Harlem, ^ . 8 Cross Bronx River, - - 4 12 East Chester, - - 4 16 White Plains, - - 12 28 Byram River, - . 6 34 Bedford, - - 8 42 Cross River, . - 4 46 Ridgefield, Conn. - - 9 65 Danbury, - - 10 65 New Milford, - - 7 72 Cross Housatonic River, to Washington, - - 9 81 Lichfield, - - 9 90 Naugatuc River, - - 4 94 Harwinton, - - 4 98 Burlington, - - 6 104 Pequaubuc River, - - 7 111 Farmington, [/] - - 1 112 West Society, - - 6 118 Hartford, - - 4 122 Cross Connecticut River to East Hartford, . . 1 123 Vernon, - - 9 132 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 165 [Z] Farmington, post-town, Ontario county, New-York ; 9 M. E. Canandaigua, 207 W. Albany. Population in 1810, 1,908 ; in 1820, 4,214. Clifton Springs, fountains which are strongly impregnated with sulplaur, are in Manchester, which las lately been forrried from Fannington. iQQ STATE ROADS. NEW- YORK — Continued. TOWNS, &LG. II Ik Tolland, 7 139 Stafford and Stafford Springs, - 10 149 Massachusetts State Line, 5 154 South Brimfield, 2 156 Stonebrid^e on Quinebau^ River, 7 163 Worcester on head waters of Black- stone's River, 20 183 Shrewsbury, 6 189 Framino^ham, 15 204 Cross Concord River to Natick, 7 211 Cross Charles River to Needham, 5 216 Recross Charles R. to Brookline, 6 222 Roxbury, 3 225 Boston, S 228 No. 5, From New- York to Philadelphia^ by New- Bnmswick and Trenton ; Steam-boat Line, By Steam-boat, New York Bay, 5 Elizabethtown Point, [m] 9 14 Aniboy,[7i] By Stage. New Brunswick, 12 13 26 39 Kingston on Mill Stone River, - 14 53 Princeton, 2 55 Lawrenceville, 6 61 Trenton, 1 62 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &€. 16'7 [m] Steam-boats, and other vessels of 2 or 300 tons can come as far as Elizabethtown-Point, but those only of 20 or 30 tons come up to the town, which is 2 miles distant from the Point, situated on a small creek which flows into Arthur KuU Sou«d. The town is pleasant and flouii&hing, but built mostly on low ground. It contains a bank, academy, and 3 houses of wor- ship, and is a place of considerable business. Population about 3,000. fn] Or, Perth Amboy, city and sea-port of Middlesex coun- ty, New-Jersey, at the head of Raritan Bay, on a point of land formed by the union of Raritan river with Arthur KuU Sound. It has a very excellent harbour ; the shipping belong- ing to this port, amounts to about 10,000 tons. The city of Amboy is small, containing an academy nnd 2 bouses of woi:- ship, and less than 1,000 inhabitants. 168 STATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — ^'ontinuedn TOWNS, &C. S2 Is ia Si By Steam- boat. Bordentown, N. J. - 5 67 Bristol, Pa. 9 7fi Burlington, N. J. [o] - 1 77 Philadelphia, 18 95 No. 6. .From iVei^- YorZ? to Rockaivay^ Long Island. Cross East River to Brooklin, [k] Bedford, Jamaica, [pi Rockaivay \_g] °^ No. 7. ' From New- York to Montauk Point. 1 3 4 9 13 9 22 Jamaica, as in No. 6. - 13 Hempstead, 9 22 Hauppagne, 27 49 Rockoncama Pond, 4 63 Carmans, 11 64 Forge, 5 69 Marriches, 4 73 W. Hampton, 6 79 Shincock, * 9 88 S. Hampton, Bridge Hampton, 6 94 7 101 East Hampton, Montauk, Point [r] 6 107 16 112 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. iG9 [o] Burlington county, New-Jersey ; beautifully situated on the banks of the Delaware river. It has a good harbour, but no foreign trade ; it is a very pleasant city, and contains a court-house, ujarket house, an academy, a public library, and 4 houses of worsliip, and between 2 and 3000 inhabitants. [A:] King's county. Long Island, opposite New-York city, di- vided from it by East river, three-quarters of a mile over. The village is on an elevated site, pleasant, and a place of consid- erable business. It contains 2 market-houses, a printing-office 3 houses of worship, and some manufactures. An United States' navy-yard is here located. [pj A very healthy and pleasant town, Queen county, on the S. side of Long Island, which has 3 houses of worship and a flourishing a«:ademy. \78 STATE ROADS. N E w- Y o R K — Continued, TOWNS, &C. 11 Vergennes, [g] 20 275 Burlington, []i\ 22 297 Montpelier, 38 335 St. Albans, \i\ 24 359 Highgate, 10 369 St. Johns, [j] 27 396 Montreal, 22 418 Three Rivers, [k\ 75 493 Quebec, 85 478 No. 14. From New- York to Ogdensburg^ by Ballston Springs and Chester* Chester, as in No. 12, . 227 Cross a Branch of Hudson Riv. m 20 247 Cross Main Branch of do. - 9 256 Do. of Hudson, near its source, 11 267 Long Lake, - 5 272 Tapper's Lake, - 14 386 Head of Grass River, - 7 293 Russell, on Grass River, - 32 325 Canton, on do. - 12 337 Natural Canal, • 4 341 Ogdensburg, ^ 15 S5^ DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, ] 24 170 Canandaigua, [9] 38 208 M DESCRIPTION or TOW.VS. &:c. 1 8 i. [m] The township of Schenectady has a population of abou£ 6^000. The city is situated on S. E. side of the Mohawk, across which at this piace there is a fine bridge of 99? feet in length. This city is regularly laid out, and contains 4 houses of wor- ship, a bank, an academy for young, ladies, and a college. A little east of the city, in a commanding situation, are the build- ings of Union Collge, a respectable and flourishing institution. [n] Utica is situated on-the soutli bank of JVlohawk river, an enterprising thriving village. Since the northern canal has gone into operation, this place has rapidly increased in business and population. It is a place of n^.uch wealth, and situated in a fertile part of the state. It contains a court-house, 3 banks, an insurance office, and 5 houses of worship, besides many manufacturing and commercial establishments. Popula- tion rising 2,000; ii weekly newspapers are published here. [o] A large town, consisting of two villages, Onondaga Hollow and West Hill. At West Hill, which is 2 miles distant from the other part of the town, are a court-house, printing-office, and jail. Onondaga Hollow contains a state arsenal, an aca- demy, a meeting-house, printing-office, and considerable manu- factures. 200 Indians of the Onondaga tribe live 3 miles South of this village. A number of the same tribe reside on Buffalo Oteek, the Alleghany, and on the Ousp, in Upper Canada. \p] A delightful village, situated at the N. end of Owasco Lake; it has a court-house, a bank, and several mills and manufactories, 284 dwelling houses, and 2,025 inhabitants. Here is a large states prison, 3 stories high, and 276 feet in length. Three newspapers are published at Aubern. [9] Situated at the outlet of Canandaigua Lake ; is a place of considerable trade. It has an academy, Branch Bank of Utica, a state arsenal, and 3 houses of worship. The soil around is highly fertile and luxuriant. Population, between 2 ^id 3,000, 182 STATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — Continued, TOWNS, &C. t: s .2 six ^.2 Genesee River, Buffalo, [r] Blackrock, Falls of Niagara, 26 60 3 19 234 294 297 316 No. 17. From New- York to Oswego Harbour, on Lake Ontario. Borne, as in No. 1 8, [5J 250 Fish Creek, 9 259 Rotterdam, on Oneida Lake. - 20 279 Portage, on Seneca River, 24 303 Fort Oswego, 12 315 Cross Onondaga Riv to Osicego [t] No. 18. From New- York to Le Baysville and Alex- andria^ by Johnson, Albany, as in No. 15, - 141 Tripe's Hill, • - 37 178 .Johnson, - - 6 184 East Canada Creek, - 21 205 West Canada Creek, - 25 230 Boonville, - - 18 248 Deer River, - - 34 282 Black River, - - 9 291 Le Baysvillef - - 3 294 Theresa, -■ ••' 12 306 Alexandria, - «• 10 316 DESCRIPTION or TOWNS, SzC, 18-^ [r] A place of some note during the last war, when it was burnt by the British ; it has since been rebuilt, and is now a handsome town of considerable business, containing a court- house, banl?, and jail. Population 1,100. It is a port of entry, and capital of Niagara co. bounded on the west, by Lake Erie and the Niagara. This town being situated on the great line nf communication between the eastern and western country, seems destined to be a place of wealth and impor- tance ; the harbour of Buffalo is 2 miles down the rivei at Black Rock. [s| A pleasant flourishing towrl, situated on the Erie Canal, 13 miles VV.N.W from Utica, and 108 W.N.W. from Albany. It is the semi capital of Oneida county, has considerable trade, and a population of 3,569. [/] Capital of Oswego co. New-York, at the mouth of thcr Oswego, 114 miles W. of Utica, A flourishing village, and a place of considerable commerce^ mostly in salt ; large quanti- ties of which are brought here from the salt works, at Liver^ pool and Selina, and exported. Population, 1000. .'84 STATE ROADS. xNEw-YORK — Continued, No. 19. From NeiO'York to Sacketfs Harb. by Rome, TOWNS. &C. • £ Albany, as in No. 17, 141 Utica, as in No. 16, 94 235 Whitesboro' 4 239 Cross Mohawk River to Rome, 11 230 Furnace, E. Branch of Fish Creek, 11 261 ^>ahiion River, 20 281 Smith's Mills, Salmon Creek, - 24 305 Sackett's Harbour, 10 315 No. 20. From New- York to the Falls of Niagara, by the Grand Canal and Ridge Road. Utica, as be I ore, - 242 Enter the Grand Canal to Rome, 15 257 Cross Oneida Creek, - 25 282 Cross Chitinengo River, [ii] - 20 302 Onondaga Lake & Salt Works [v] 15 317 Cross Skeneateless Outlet, - '20 337 Cross Seneca River, - 12 349 Lauraville, - 6 355 Lyons, - 10 365 Palmyra, - 15 380 Pittsford, . 20 400 Rochester, [w'] 8 408 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SiC. 185 [7^J 25 miles long, it rises in Cazenovia, aiu] runs into Onei- da Lake, which Lake is 20 miles long and 4 broad. It receives Wood creek on E. end, and communicates with Lake Ontario by the Oswego. [v] In Onandago county, N. Y. 7 miles long and 2 broad. It discharges its waters from N. end, into Seneca river. Here are extensive salt works. Seneca river has a course of 60 miles into the Oswego. [to] In Gates, Genesee co. N. Y. at the Falls of the Genesee river, about 6 miles from its mouth. It is a place of considera- ble business. Its exports consist of flour, pot and pearlashes, and a variety of other domestic produce. A weekly newspa^ier is nuWished here. •*I6 1B6 STATE ROADS, NEw-Yo RK — Continued, TOWNS, &C. 1 Cross Genesee River by Road to Parma, [pc] Murray, Oak Orchard Creek, Willink's Creek, Lewistown, [if] Manchester, ) Falls of Niagara, \ Ridge 12 6 21 21 18 7 120 126 447 486 493 No. 21. i^rom New- York to the Falls of Niagara, hy Newburg and Montrose. Neivbiirg, as in No. 11, Montgomery, [z] Cross Wallkill River, [a] Cross Shewangunk Kill Bloomsburg, Mamakaton, Monticello, Mongaup River, White Lake, Brown's, Cross Delaware River to Damas cus. Pa. [6] Forbes, Cross Dy berry Creek,- to 60 12 72 12 84 3 87 11 98 6 103 4 105 4 109 10 119 6 125 4 129 DESCRItTIQN OF TOWTS'S, kc. 187 [x] Genesee river rises in Pennsylvania, and runs N. through N. Y. into L. Ontario. This river has a number of Falls, but is navigable for boats a distance of 70 miles. It waters an excellent tract of land, having alluvial flats extensive and fer- tile. [y] Niagara co. N. Y. on the Niagara, opposite Queens- town. The place was burnt by the British in 1813, but is now rebuilt and increasing. [z] A large valuable township, containing 9 houses of wor- ship, and a population of 5,000. It has a village with an aca- demy. [a] Wallkill river rises in New-Jersey, and runs N. E. a course of 80 miles, and flows into the Hudson near Kingston, passing through the Drowned Lands. [b] The Delaware river rises in Catskill mountains, N« Y, In Its course it separates Pennsylvania from New- York and New- Jersey, and empties itself in Delaware Bay, about 5 miles below Newcastle. It is navigable for 74 gun ships to Philadel- phia 55 miles, for sloops to Trenton N. J. 90 miles, and for boats loo miles further. The whole length from its source t» "he bay is about 300 miles, 188 STATE ROADS. NEW-roRK — Continued, TOWNS, &C. u <£q a i Centreville, „ 11 140 Cross Lackawannock Creek, head branch to Belmont, - 2 142 Lackawannock Creek, - 2 144 Tunkhannock Creek, - 6 149 Ward's, - 10 159 Montrose, - 10 169 Falls of Niagara, - 239 408 No. 22. From Neio- York to the Falls of Niagara^ by the Hamburg Turnpike and Montrose, Newark, N J. - 11 Belleville, [c] - 3 14 Equanouk, - 5 19 Patterson, fd] - 6 25 Prackness, _ 5 30 Prompton, - 5 35 Sanptown, - 15 50 Hamburg, - 6 56 Cross Delaware Kiy, to Milford.Fd. 18 74 Shoholy Creek, - 12 ^6 Walenpaupack Creek, 13 99 Lackawannock Creek, 11 110 Tunkhannock Creek 5 115 Montrose, .- 13 128 Falls of Niagara , as before. 239 367 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &G. 189 [c] Essex county, N. J. on the Passaic. It is a healthy pleasant village, containing an academy and 3 houses of wor- ship. \d] Patterson is situated at the Great Falls of the Passaic, and contains a bank, printing office, and 2 churches. It is a pleasant but small town, with about 300 inhabitants, and haa scveial manufactures. The Passaic river runs S. into Newark Bay, and is navigable for small vessels 10 miles. It is chiefly remarkable on account of a Fall 60 or 70 feet at Pattersoo ; this Fall is considered a great natural curiosity, and is much viiited for the beautiful and sublime prospect which it affordsv 190 STATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — Continued. No. 23. From New York to Amhoy^ across Staten Island, TOWNS, &C. •^ V Z c z. — «.i a. Ci 8 8 1 111 Cross New York Bay to Castletoii Staten Island, [e] - Richmond, Ferrv, West End, Amboijj 5 13 21 22 No. 24., J>om iVis?/;- YorA: /o Sandy Hook Light-house, Long Branch, and thence to Ca^e May, by land alons the coast. By Water. The Narrows, [/] 8 Sandy Hook [g] 11 19 By Land, Old Shrewsbury Inlet, \h} 7 26 Long Branch, 6 32 Deal, B 37 Squam Bridge, 12 49 Toms River Bridge, - , - 12 61 Good Luck, 6 67 Wire Town, 8 75 Hocking,' 9 84 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <^C, 191 [e] Richmond co. New-York, on N. end of Staten Island. The quarantine and health establishment of the city of New- York are in tliis town ; also the marine hospital, which can ac- commodate 2 or 300 sick. Population of Castletown is between 1 and 2000 ; that of the island rising 6,000. [/] Channel between Long Island and Staten Island, con- necting New-York Bay with the Atlantic. The channel is 1,905 feet wide, defended by strong forts on both sides. [g-] A small Island on the coasl? of New-Jersey, in Middleton township. It was once a peninsula. Sandy Hook forms a fire large harbour. And at its N. Point stands a light house, Lon,. 72.2 W. Lat. 40.26 N. [A] Shrewsbury, Monmouth co. N. J. The village is plea- santly situated, and is much resorted to in summer by persons from Philadelphia and New-York. It has 2 places of worship. The township \s large, and contains about 4C00 ifthabitauts. 192 STATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — Continued. TOWNS, ^C, of 5 E -^ Hi Tuckertoih, Little Egg Harbour River,' [i] - Somerset Point, Great Egg Harbour River, [j] - Corsons, Cape May C. H. Co d Spring, The Cape, \Jc] 8 2 14 1 7 12 7 3 92 94 108 109 116 128 136 138 No. 26. From New-York to Schooh/s Mountain^ and thence to Easton and Philadelphia. Newark, 11 Passaic River, 11 22 Morristown, [/] 7 29 Mend ham. 6 So Top of Schooly's Mountain, [m] 12 47 Phillipsburg, 24 71 Cross Delaware River to Easton[n] 1 72 Cross Lehigh R. to Durham Cr. 9 81 Thickson Creek, 10 91 Doylstown, 10 101 Neshaming Creek, 2 103 Willow Grove, 10 113 Philadelphia, 14 127 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC. 193 [i] Burlington CO. New-Jersey, on a bay of the same name, A small village here is called Clam Tov.ii, having some tradQ and shipping, amounting to 2000 tons. [;J Great Egg Harbour Bay, on the coast of NeW'Jersey. Lon. 74.30 W. Lat. 39.20 N. [/c] Cape May en the coast of New-Jersey, at the Delaware Bay, is in Lon. 74.52 W. Lat. 38.57, 18 miles north E. Cape Henlopen. Large parties resort here every summer from New- York city and Philadelphia, for the purpose of sea bathing. [l] Capital of Morris CO. New Jersey, handsomely situated on a plain. It is a place of some business, and contains a court-house, bank, jail, academy, and 3 houses of worship. A newspaper is published here. [m] From G«rman village, at the foot of Schooly's mountain to its top, the road ascends for 2 miles. Here are mineral springs which, together with the salubrity of the atmosphere, make it a place of great resort during the warm season. [n] Capital of Northampton co. Pennsylvania, on W. side of the Delaware, at the junction of the Lehigh. It is regularly laid out, and is a pleasant town of considerable business. A fine bridge is here erected across the Delaware 570 feet in length, from which may be seen an extensive and delightful prospect. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 banks, 2 churches, an academy, and a population of nearly 2000. The Lehigh is 75 miles in length. 1? 194 ^TATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — Continued. No. 26. From New- York to Pittsburgh by Easton and Reading, TOWNS, &C. Easton^ as in No. 25, Bethlehem^ [o] Cross Lehigh Riv. to Northampton Donneys, Bordts, Trixler's, Haus's, Kutstown, Slichter's, on Center Turnpike, Readings [p] Harrisburg, Cross Susqiiehannah R. King's T. Carlisle^ [q] Stoughstown, Shippensburg^ Green Village, - . - Cfumibersburg, fr] Cross Conococheague Creek, E Branch to St. Thomas, Cross Conococheague C -eek, W. Branch, to Loudc^town, Top of Tuscaroora Mn. Mt, Connelstoivn, Bedford, Pittsburg, as in Pa. No. u a cua , o 72 11 83 6 89 3 92 2 94 3 97 4 101 5 106 11 117 6 123 62 176 11 186 6 192 13 205 7 212 6 143 5 148 7 165 6 161 3 164 2 166 31 197 98 296 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &€. 195 [oj A beautiful romantic village on the Lehigh. The town is regularly laid out. It was at first settled by Moravians,, and still inhabited mostly by their descendants. Here is the celeb rated Moravian Academyj for young ladies. The houses are principally built of stone. Population, 1,500. [/> ] Borough and capital of Berks co. Pennsylvania, on the Schuylkill, inhabited chiefly by Germans. It contains a court- bouse, market-house, jail, 2 banks, a large building for public offices, and 4 houses of worship. The road from Reading to JVew York city, is very smooth, and the country presents much interesting scenery. [g] Capital of Cumberland co. regularly laid out, and builr chiefiy of stone and brick, it is settled principally by emigrants from England, Ireland, and Scotland, and tiie native high Dutch. Dickinson College is here located ; its operations were suspended for a number of years, but it has been lately reor- ganized. Carlisle contains a court-house, jail, a market house, town hall, 2 banks, and 7 houses of worship. [r] Situated on elevated ground at the confluence of Falling Spring and Conococheague Creek, where are erected a large merchant mill, a paper mill, a fulling mill, oil mill, 2 brewe- ries, and a spinning factory. This town is a great thorough fare, situated on the main public route from Philadelphia, and Baltimore, to Pittsburg. There are in this town between 3 and 400 houses, and 7 houses of worship, with other public buildings. Population, 2,304. i9€ STATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — Continued. No. 27. From New-York to Goshen, throus^h N. J. « z 5 > . TOWNS, &c. Ill ^ 2 Hoboken, . 2 Belleville, - 9 11 Equakinouk, « 5 16 Patterson, .. 6 22 Prackness, . 6 27 New- York State Line, 18 45 Sii^ar Loaf, - 12 57 Chester, - 3 60 Goshen, [si - 4 64 No. 28. From Kingston to Ithica. Shandycan, - _ 21 Paghkatakan, - - 20 41 Delhi, [t] « . 27 68 Unadilla, -•. - ■■ 23 91 Guildford, -^ . 11 102 Oxford, -. - 8 110 Center, - - 21 131 Itkica, [u] - - 30 161 No. 29. From Albany to Chenango Point, Saekets, Rensselaerville, Livingstonville, DESCRIPTION Oi' TOWNS, (SsC. > 197 [s] Orange co. New-York, celebrated for the productions of the dairy. It is an excellent agricultural town, in a rich fertile county, and includes a part of the Drowned Lands. The courts for the county are held alternately at Goshen- and New- burg. Three newspapers are published here. The town is pleasantand flourishing, and contains rising 3,000 inhabitants. [/] Capital of Delaware cd. on the Delaware. The town- ship is large, and contains between 2 and 3,000 inhabitants. Near its centre there is a pleasant small village, in which are the county buildings, and 40 or 50 dwelling houses. [m] Ithica, the capital of Tompkin's co. is situated at the south end of Cayuga Lake, at the entrance of Fall Creek. It is a flourishing town, with a court-housej a jail, and 859 in- habitants. 198 iTATE ROADS, NEW- YORK — Continued' TOWNS, &c. !3.3 si Harpersfield, - . 27 60 Cortright, - - 6 65 Meredith, - - 10 73 Unadilla, . . 21 96 Jerico, -- ^ 9 103 Colesville, - - 12 117 Chenango Pt. - - 13 132 No. 30. From Albany to Deposit, and thence to Great Bend, Perinsylvania, Livingstonville, as in last No. 33 Gilboa, - 18 51 Waterville, . 13 64 Broomville, - 9 73 Delhi, - 8 81 Walton, - 16 97 Cockquago, - 16 113 Deposit, - 6 119 Great Bend, - 12 131 No. 31. From Plattshurg [v\ to St. Regis, Duerville, - - 12 Chataugay, - . - 28 40 Bombay, - - 27 67 St. Ec^^is, - - 9 76 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 199 [v] Plattsburg, the capital of Clinton co. New- York, is on west side of Lake Champlain, at the mouth of the Saranac, on which liver are the United States'" barracks, 4 niiles above the village. This town derives some consequence from being the place where, in the last war, 2,500 Americans effectually re- sisted a British force of 14,000 men ; and in a bay before this town, Commodore M'Donough gained a complete victory over the British fleet. Plattsburg contains a court-house, a jail, a presbyterian church, an academy, a bank, and printing office, and upwards of 3,000 inhabitants. 200 STATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — Continued, No. 32. From Plattshurg to Sackett'^s Harbour, TOWNS, kc. 11 «5 O 2 Chataugay, as in last No. - 40 Malone, - - 12 52 Hopkinton, - - 27 79 Pierrepont, •s - 21 100 Russel, - - 9 109 Carthage^ - - 45 154 Warterton, - - 18 172 Sackett's Harbour ' b^'] - 10 182 No. m. From Utica to Carthage, by Port Glasgoic Caneserao:o, 33 Younf2;sville, 13 46 Cross Great Canal, 6 52 Salina Saltworks, [x] - 2 54 Liverpool, 3 57 Baldwinsville, 9 66 Port Glasgow, 34 100 Troupsville, 7 107 Gerundegut Bay, 30 137 Carthage, 7 144 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, ^C. 201 [w] Port of entry in Hounsfield, Jefferson co. New- York, at the mouth of Black river, on Hungry Bay, and E. of Lake Ontario. It has one of the finest harbours on the Lake ; a weekly newspaper is published here, and the town bins fair to become a place of extensive trade ; having flourished and in- creased in population considerably sinoe the last war [,rj Onondago co. New- York, containing the principal salt» works in the state, which produced in one year 55i,716 bushels of salt. The township consists &f 4 post villages ; Salina, Syracuse, Liverpool and Geddesburg. The villages of Salina and Liverpool, contain each about 100 dwelling houses, and about half that number of buildings for the manufactory of salt. 202 STATE ROADS NEW- YORK — Continued. No. 34. From Albany to Pittsburgh by Cherry Valley^ Geneva and Hamilton. TOWNS, &:c. >> IT II If Hamilton, „ 8 Duanesburg, . 12 20 Cherry Valley, [y] " ?5 65 Sangerfield, [z] - 36 91 Manlius, - 33 124 Seneca Falls, - 46 170 Geneva, - 10 180 Hopetown on Crooked Lake outlet, 15 195 Wayne, head of Little Lake ) 17 212 Head of Crooked Lake, 9 221 Bath, . 8 229 Canisteo, . 20 249 Angelica, . 20 269 Hamilton, . 32 301 Cross Allegany River toPennj ?ylva- nia State Line, - 6 307 Kenjua Creek, - 20 327 Toby's Creek, . 35 362 Kittanning, - 45 407 Pittsburg, - 38 445 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 20S [y] Cherry Valley, post-town, Otsego county, New- York; 14 N. E. Cooperstown, 53 W. Albany, Washington, 384.—^ Population in 1810, 2,775— in 1820, 3,684. Here is a large, handsome, and finely situated village, which contains an aca- demy, a raee ting-house, a printing-office, and has considerable trade. The 1st, 2d, and 3d Western Turnpikes meet here, and are intersected by other large roads. [s] Sangerfield, post-town, Oneida county, New-York ; 15 S. by W. Utica, Washington 375. Population, 2,011. It is a considerable town, and contains a priutingoffice, from which Is issued a weekly newspaper. 204 STATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — Continued, No. 35. From Biiffaloe to Sacketfs Harbour^ and thence to Montr eaL TOWNS, &c. Falls of Nl\gara, [«] Lewistown, By Steamboat, Fort Niagra entrance of Lake On- tario. Genesee, Great Sod us Bay, Oswego River, Stonj Point, Sackett's Harbour, Cape Vincent, entrance of St. Law- ence River, Alexandria, Morristown, Ogdensbiirg^ [6] By Durham Boats, Gallop Rapids, Hamilton, Long Saut Island, Grass River, St. Regis, Grand J. and Rapids, end of Lake Francis\ £q 7 74 S5 28 30 12 22 25 23 13 6 10 17 10 5 30 DESCRIl'TiON OF TOWNS, &C. 205 [a] The. cataract of Kiagara is esteemed the grandest objectj of the kind in the world. The distance of the falls above lake Ontario is 14 miles, and below lake Erie 23 miles on the Amer- ican side, 21 on the Canada side. At the distance of! S-* m. above the falls the river begins to descend with a rapid and pow- erful current. At the falls it turns vvith a right angle to the NE,, and is suddenly contracted in width ftom 3 miles to 3 4ths of a mile Below the falls the river is only about 1-2 m. wide, but its deptli is said to exceed 300 feet. The precipice over which the cataract descends, is formed by the brow of a vast bed of lime stone : and the perpendicular descent, according to major Pres- cott's survey. Is ISlfeet. The descent is perpendicular, except that the rocks are hollowed underneath the surface, particularly on the western side. The cataract is divided into two parts by Goat or Iris Island, which occupies about one 5th or 6th of the whole breadth. The principal channel is on the western side, and is called the Horse-shoe fall from its shape. The eastern channel is divided by another little island. The descent on the eastern side is greater by a few feet than on the other, but the water is more shallow. The noise of these falls is frequent- ly heard at York, 50 miles distant , and the cloud of vapour thrown is seen 70 miles. The descent within 10 miles is about 300 feet, and from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario 329 feet. The quantity of water discharged in an hour, is computed, by Dr. Dwight, at 102,093,750 tons. The spray which rises from the water, serves as a medium for forming by the sun's rays the most brilliant rainbows. [6] Post-village in Oswegatchie, and capital St. Lawrence CO, N. Y., at the confluence of the Oswegatchie WiLh the St. Lawrence; 116 N. Utica ; 205 E. by N. York, Canada, 212 IVW. Albany, W. 51b. It is a thriving village, has a safe and spacious hardour, and contains the county buildings, a number of store houses, a printing office, from which is issued a week- ly newspaper, and has considerable trade ; and some mills and, manufactories. 18 20G STATE ROADS. ivEw-YORK — Continued. TOWNS, &€. ctf J if Rapides de Cedres, Cascades and entrance of St. Louisj By Steamboat, La Chine, end of Lake St. By Stae;es to Montreal, [r] Lake Louis 7 5 16 7 382 387 403 410 No. 26, From Buffalo to Detroit^ and thence to Macklnaiv and Green Bay, by steamboat. Dunkirk, id} • - 45 Erie, - 45 90 Fairport, Moutli of Grand Kii ier, 60 150 Cleveland, m 30 180 Sandusky Bay, - 55 ?35 Detroit, •• 71 306 Entrance of L. Huron, - 124 430 Fort Mackinaw, - 198 628 Green Bay, - 180 808 No. 37. From Buffalo to Detroit. by Land, Fredonia, - 43 Portland, - 17 60 Pennsylvania State Line, !■ 12 72 Erie, - 18 90 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <&:C. 207 [cj Town in Lower Canada, the second in rank in the pro- vince, in a district of the same name, 180 miles above Quebec, 200 below Lake Ontario, 243 N. Albany, 300 N. by W. Boston. Lon. 73 35. W. Lat. 45. 31. N. Pop. in 1809, estimated at- 16,000 ; in l82l, 18,767. H. 2,274 It is situated on S. side of the island of Montreal, in the St. Lawrence, at the head of ship navigation. The harbour, though not large, is always se- cure for shipping during the time the navigation of the river is open, and vessels drawing 15 feet water can lie close to the shore. The general depth of water is from 3 to 4 1-2 fathoms. The greatest inconvenience is the rapid of St. Mary, about a mile below, whose current is so powerful that without a strong N E. wind, vessels cannot stem it. Montreal is divided into Upper and Lower towns, one, how- ever, is but little elevated above the other. The streets are for the most part laid out in a regular manner ; generally rather nar- row ; but the new ones are of convenient width. The houses are mostly built of greyish stone, with the roofs covered with sheet iron or tin ; manyof thena large, handsome, and in a mod- ern style ; seldom of more than 2 stories. The streets have a dull uniformity, and the city has heretofore been described by travellers as of an extremely heavy and gloomy appearance, but has of late been much improved, and may now be styled tolera- bly handsome. The principle public buildings are the general hospital, the Hotel Uieu, the convent of N(;tre Dame, the French cathe- dral, the English church, the old monastery of Franciscans con- verted into barracks, the college, the seminary, the court house, the Government bouse, bank, &c. Montreal is the grand depot of the greatest company of N. America, who carry on the fur trade, and whose concerns are of vast extent and importance. It is also the channel through which the commerce is carried on be- tween Canada and the U.S. — A canal from Montreal to La Chine was commenced in 1821. The district of Montreal is di- vided into 10 counties. \d] Post town, Chatauque co. New-York, on Lake Erie, 7 miles from the head of Casada Lake. 353 W. Albany, W. 409. It affords the only harbour on the lake between Buffalo and Erie. Wharfs have been constructed here. From the head of Casada lake there is a free navigation to Pittsburg, 208 STATE ROADS. NEW- YORK — Continued. TOWNS, SiC. as Ohio State Line, Painsville, Cleaveland, Croghansville, Detroit^ [e] - 27 43 30 76 96 117 160 190 266 362 No. 38. From Buffalo to Cleaveland, and thence to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, Cleaveland by water, - 180 Wooster, 64 244 Columbus, 87 331 Dayton, [/] 78 409 Hamilton, 38 447 Lawrcnceburg, 29 476 No. 39. From Albany to Pittsburg, by Cooperstown and Jtiiaca, Cherry Valley, [g] - 55 Burlington, - - 23 78 Franklin, - - 28 106 Port Watson, - - 31 137 Ithaca, - - 23 160 Salubria, - - 23 183 Bath, - - 25 208 Pittsburg, as in No. 34, - 216 424 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C, 209 [e] Detroit, city, port of entry, and capital of Michigan Territory, in Wayne co., on W. side of the river Detioit, be- tween Lakes St. Clair and Erie, 18 N. of the W. end of the lat- ter, and 9 S. of the former , 300 S. by E. Michiliniacksnac, 302 W. by S. Buffalo, W. 566. Lon. 82. 58. W. Lat. 42. 24. N. Pop. in 1810, 770; in 1820, 1,422, exclusive of tlie garrison. It is finely situated, regularly laid out in a square | mile on each side, with spacious streets, having an elevation of about 40 feet above the river, of which it commands beautiful views. It contains a council house, a penitentiary, a market house, a bank, an academy, an arsenal, a government store house, a magnificent Catholic church of stone, a Presbyterian church, a lyceum, a bible society, and several other associations. The town is defended by fort Shelby ^ and the barracks adjoining are capable of quartering several regiments. In 18l9, there were 142 dwelling houses, and 131 stores, public buildings, &.c. Several of the buildings are of brick and stone, but ihey are mostly of wood and painted, and there is a general appeai^ance of taste and neatness. It is advantageously situated, and has a considerable and growing commerce, and is a place of im- portance in the fur trade. It has 12 attorneys and 8 physi- cians. It was wholly destroyed by fire in 1805, but the streets have been since laid out regular and wide, and the town built in an improved style. Tlie shipping belonging to this port in 1818, amounted to 849 tons ; the value of e'xports g 69,330; imports g 15,61 1. — Detroit was settled by the French from Ca- nada as early as 1683. — In 1818-19 the average temperature at Detroit was for Nov. 43 deg. Dec. 25 deg, Jan. 30 deg. Feb. 33 deg. ; in Albany, N. Y. the same year, Jan. 22 deg. Feb. 29 deg. [/] Post-town and capitiil of Montgomery co. Ohio, on the Great Miami ; 25 N. Lebanon, 52 N.Cincinnati, 66 W. by S. Columbus, VV. 576. Pop. 1,000 ; including the township 3,530. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a bank, a piinting office, an academy, a library, 2 houses of public wor- ship, 1 for Presbyterians, and I for Methodists, and has con- siderable trade. Here is a brirlge across the river. [g] Post-town, Otsego co. N. Y. ; H NE. Cooperstown, 53 ■W.Albany, W. 384. Pop. in 1810, -2,775; in 1820, 3,684. Here is a large handsome, and finely situated village, which contains an academy, a meeting house, a printing office, and has considerable trade. The 1st, 2(i, and 3d Western turnpikes meet here, and are intersected by other large roads. 1€^ 210 STATE ROADS. NEW-YORK — Continued, No. 40. From Buffalo to Pittsburgh by Erie, u ^ TOWNS, &C. 1". is 5j Erie as in No. 37, _ 90 Waterford, - 14 104 Meachille, [Ii - 26 130 Cross French Creek to Franklin, 24< 154 Butler, M 41 195 Buff's - 14 209 Cross Ohio Riv er to Lawrenceville, 15 224 Pittsburg, [i] - 3 227 No. 41. From Buffalo to Pittsburg, by land ^ water. Erie by water. 90 Waterford, b^ land, 14 104 Descend French Creek, 10 114 Meadville, 20 134 Franklin, 27 161 Enter Alleghany River to Big San- dy Creek, 9 170 Foxburg, on Clareon River, 24 194 Big Bend, 16 210 Kittanning, 22 232 Freeport ^' Buffalo Creek 16 248 Lawrenceville, 25 273 Junction with Monongahela River, at Pittsburg, 4 277 DESCRlFTiON OF TOWNS, &;C. 211 [/«] Meadville^ post-town. & cap. Crawford co. Pa., on French Creek ; 25 W. Franklin, 37 S. Erie, W. 3l2. Lon. 80. 11. W. Lat. 41. 37. N. Pop. 649. It is veiy pleasantly situated, regu- larly laid out, and contains a court house, a bank, an arsenal, a printing office, a social library, an academy, a college, and a Presbyterian meeting liouse. It is a flourishing town, connected with Erie, Piitsburg, and Philadelphia, by turnpikes. [i] Pittsburg, city, & cap. AUtjghany co. Pa. ; 230 WNW. Baltimore, 297 W. by N. Philadelphia, W. 225. Lon.«0-8\V. Lat. 40 32. N. Pop. iu 1810, 4,768 ; in 1820, 7,248. It is situated on a beautiful plain, on a broad point of landf, where the confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela forms the Ohio. This place was once in the hands of the French and then called Fort du Q^uesne, afterwarls Fort Pitt, and was com- menced as a town under the name of Pittsburg in 1760. It is a very flourishing manufacturing and commercial town, and has an extensive trade. It contains a court house, a jail, a national armoury and magazine, an academy, a library of about 2,000 •volumes, 4 banks, including a branch of the United States bank, and 8 houses of public worship. The plat of ground on which the town is built, is nearly in the form of a triangle, and is now almost tilled v\ith houses. A suburb has geen laid out on the Alleghany, called the noithern liberties, and another on the Mo- nongahela. There are 4 other villages'^which are virtually su- burbs of Pittsburg, Birmingham on the left bank of the Mo'non- gatiela ; Alleghany upon the second bank of Alleghany river, opposite to the city; Lawrei.ceville 2 miles above Pittsburg on the Alleghany; and a street running along the left bank of the iVlonongahela, opposite to Pittsburg. Pittsburg is a place of great domestic and foreign commerce. The wagons that have passed to and from the town, counted at the nearest turnpike gate, have amounted, in one year, to 11,800. The surrounding country is one great bed of fossil coal, Sc the hills in sight of the town are full of that mineral. The re- gion also abounds in iron ore, and various mineral and vegeta- ble productions. In l8l6, there were in this town and its con- nected vicinity, 8 steam mills, 5 green and white glass houses, in which every kind of glass, from a porter bottle or window glass, to very elegant cut crystal glass, is manufactured ; 4 air furnaces, 3 breweries, in which are made immense quantities of beer, porter, and ale ; 67 flour mills, and numerous other mills and manufactories. With regard to manufactures, Pitts- burg is the first town in the western country. Travellers are almost always disappointed on entering this city ; there is but one point of approach which affords a good view of the place ; that is the summit of a hill in the road from Washington, Pa. txrept from the gratifying reflection excited from the appearance of so much industry, Pittsburg is by no 212 STATE ROADS. NEW-JERSEY. No. 1. From Neiv-Brnnsivick to Mlddleton, '^* thence to the Highlands of Nevesink, by South Amboy, TOWNS, &C. ill m S. Amboy by Steamboat, Mount Pleasant, Middleton, Highlands, [j] 10 4 8 13 23 27 35 No. 2. From Neio-Brunsivick to Morristoivn. Boundbrook, [A:] . 7 Mount Bethel, - 6 13 Baskmg Ridge, [/] •• 7 20 Morristown, - 8 28 No. 3. From •N^ew- Brunswick to Easton, Penn, Boundbrook, - - 7 Sommerville, - - 4 11 White House, - - 9 20 Jugtown, - - 15 35 Bloomsburg, - - 3 38 Easton, - - 8 4(J DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec. 213 means a pleasant place to a stranger. The constant volumes of smoke fill the atmospher:? with coal dust, and the whole town has a smoky appearance. The houses are mostly of brick, and generally large. The streets itersect each other at right angles, but are narrow. In Oct. 1815, it was calculated that 2,000 bushels of coal were consumed daily on a space 2 1-4 miles square. Three newspapers are published here. Vessels of 200 or 300 tons at some seasons descend the Ohio from Pitts- burg ; the distance from this place to New-Orleans by the course of the rivers is about 2,000 miles. [y] Neversink, or Navesink hills, are the first land seen in approaching the coast, 282 feet in height. Navesink harbour is on the coast of Monmouth co. New-Jersey, 5 miles from Sbiewsbury. [k] Post-town, Somerset CO, New-Jersey ; on N. bank of the Raiitan ; 7 NW. New-Brunswick, W. 200. (/] Post-town, Somerset co. N. J., on a branch of the Pas- saic; 7 SSW. Morristown, 17 N. New Brunswick. W. 219, Lon. 74.33. W. Lat. 40, 40. N. Herd is an academy. Gene- ral Lee was taken prisoner here in 1776. 214 STATE ROADS. NEW-JERSEY — Continued. No. 4. Foom NeiD-Brunstvick to New- Hope, TOWNS, &C. sz i HI Rocky Hill, New Hope, 18 13 31 No. 5, From Trenton to Morristown, and thence to Neivburg, New-York. Princeton, [m\ - - 10 Sommerville, . - 18 28 Libertycoiner, . - 8 SQ Baskinridge, - - 5 41 Morristown, - - 8 49 Prompton, . - 20 69 N. Y. State Line, . . 14 83 New Windsor, - . 29 112 Newburg, - - 2 114 No. 6. From Trenton to Milford^ Peniisylvania^ by Sommerville and Sparta, Sommerville, as in No. 5, . 28 Pliickamin, m 7 35 Chester, . 12 47 Suckasunny Plains, - " 8 I 55 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SzC. 215 <• — ~ — [m] Princeton, post-town, New-Jersey, partly in Middlesex and partly in Somerset co. ; 10 NE. Trenton, 16 SW. Wew- Brunswick, 40 JME. Philadelphia, 49 SW. New- York, W. 178. Lon. 74. 35. W. Lat. 40. 22. N. It is a pleasant town, and con- tains a college, a theological seminary, a brick Presbyterian church, and upwards of 100 dwelling houses. The college- at this place was founded in J 746 at Elizabeth- town ; the next year it was removed to Newark, and a Royal charter was granted to it in 1748, by the title of the College of New-Jersey, which is its corporate name at j)reseiit. It remained at Newark 10 years, and in 1757, was permanently established at Princeton. Its situation is pleasant and peculi- arly healthful, and it has long been one ot the most respectable and flourishirjg seminaries in the United States. The college edifice, is styled J^^assau Hall, and is 175 feet by 50, of 4 sto- ries, containing a chapel about 40 feet square, and 60 rooms for students, Besides the principal edifice there are two other buildings, each about 60 feet by 30, containing the library, philosophical apparatus, museum, refectory, recitation rooms ifec. These buildings are all of stone. A president's house and 2 professors' houses belong to the institution. The college has an excellent library of 7, or 8,000 volumes, a large and well selected philosophical apparatus, the orrery constructed by Dr. D. Rittenhouse, and a valuable cabinet of Alineralogy and natural hisroiy. The bonrd of trustees consists of 23 members, one half cler- gymen, the other half laymen. The Governor of the state is, ex officio, president of tlie board. The executive government is composed of a president, who is also a teacher of tlieology and moral philosophy ; a vice president, who is also a professor of languages and belles letires ; a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy; a professor of chemistry, experimental phi- losophy, and natural history ; and 3 tutors. The number of students, in 1820, was 12]. The commencement is held on the last Wednesday in September. There are two vacations; the 1st from commencement, 6 weeks ; the 2d from the 1st Thurs- day, after the 2d Tuesday in April, 4 weeks. The Theological Seminary was established at this place in 1812, by the general assembly of the Presbyterian church in the U. States, and has two professors, one of didatic and polemic theology, and one of ecclesiastical history and church govern- ment, and an assistant professor. Partial provision is made for a professor of oriental and biblical literature. The building belonging to the seminary is an elegant stone edi- fice, 150 feet by 50, of 4 stories, and calculated to accommo- date 100 students, and contains also several rooms for public purposes. A union between the general assembly of the Presbyterian church, and the general synod of the Associate Re- 216 STATE ROADS. JSEW-JERSEY— -Continued • TOWNS, &C. jl 5 9 8 16 -4 Mount Pleasant, Sparta, Frankford, Miliord, - 60 69 77 93 No. 7. From Camden to Woodburij and Salem, and thence to Cape May, Woodbury, [m] 8 Sweedsboro' 11 19 Woodstown, 6 25 Salem, [«J 11 36 Bridgetown, [jc] 20 56 Melville, 13 69 Port Elizabeth, [x] 8 77 Dennis, 13 90 Cape May, 17 107 No. 8. From Trenton to Tiickerton. Bordentown, [ij~\ Blackhorse, Julia T. New Mills, Waddino; River, Tuckerton, [2] 7 4 11 3 14 3 17 26 45 12 55 DESCRIPTION Of TOWNS, kc. 2i / formed church, has recently been efliected, and also a union of their seminaries. By this measure the library of the seminary lately in the city of New York, consisting of 4,000 volumes, has been added to the library of that at Princeton, increasing it to upwards of 6,000 volumes. The number of students in 1822, was about So ; the whole number who had been members, "including the 80, 235. A residence of 3 years is necessary, in order to pass through a complete course of theological in- struction in this seminary. Candidates for admission are re- quired to produce testimonials of good natural talents, and good moral and religious character, of being a member in good standing of some regular church, and of having passed through a regular course of academical study. Tuition and the usejof the library are afforded free of expense to every student, and there are charitable funds for aiding the indigent. [m] Capital of Gloucester co. New-Jersey, settled principally by quakers. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and about a hundred houses. [d] (."-apital of Salem co. New-Jersey, on Salem creek, 3^ miles from Delaware bay. It is a place of considerable busi- ness. Agriculture is well attended to in this county, and hav- ing the advantage of water carriage, the inhabitants send large quantities of vegetables to Philadelphia and Delaware markets. Salem contains a court-house, a jail, a market house, an acade- my, and 4 houses of public worship. There are about 200 houses, mostly ofbrick. [w\ Capital of Cumberland co. New-Jersey, on the Cohaz)', which is navigable to the town for vessels of lOO tons. The shipping belonging to this port amounts to about 14,000 tons. The town contains the county buildings, an academy, and printing office, [x] Cumberland co. New-Jersey, on a branch of Maurice river, which runs into Delaware bay. It is navigable 20 miles. The town contains about 2,000 inhabitants. [3;] A pleasant town in Burlington co. New-Jersey, built principally on one street, and contains a church, an academy, and about 100 dwelling houses. It is 4 miles from Trenton, and 26 from Philadelphia. [£r] Burlington, N, J. near the S. end of Little Egg Harbour bay. 19 218 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA. No. 1. From Philadelphia to Norfolk^ Virginia ; by Land and Water Stages, ^i » — i TOWNS, &C. II c^a 5^^ By Water. New Castle, Delaware, [a] - 33 Pea patch. - 6 39 Reedy island^ - 6 44 Bombay Hook island, upper side, 13 57 Deepwatcr Point, - 13 70 Mispiiion Creek, - 20 90 LewistOwn Creek, - 11 101 Lewistown, [b] - 3 104 By Land, Indian River, [c] - 12 116 Dagsbiiry, - 6 122 Maryland State Line, - - 8 130 Irap, - 3 133 Snow Hill on Pocomoke Rivei ^M 20 153 Virginia State Line, - - 12 165 Horntown, - 4 169 Drumniond T. [e] •^ 11 180 Bethaven, - 10 190 Bridgetown - 4 194 Northampton C. H. [/] 6 200 Chesapeake Bay, [»] - - 5 205 Cross to Norfolk, - 55 260 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, Lc, ^19 [a] Capital of Newcastle co. Delaware, on W. bank of the liver Delaware. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and 2 houses of worship. Newcastle is a pleasantly situated village, and has some trade. It is a great thoroughfare for the sieam boat and stage line from Baltimore to Philadelphia. [b] Sussex CO. Delaware, on Lewis Creek, 3 miles from its entrance into the Delaware Bay. This place was formerly the seat of justice for the county, but is now rather on the decline. It has a pleasant elevated situation, and is esteemed the most healthy place in this part of the state. Here are exten- sive and curious salt works for making salt by the sun. [c] Indian river, Sussex co. Delaware, is 15 miles long, and runs into Rehoboth bay. It is navigable 13 miles. [d] Capital and port of entry of Worcester co. Maryland, pleasantly situated on the Pocomoke, 25 miles from its mouth ; the shipping belonging U) this port is about 8,000 tons. The town contains the county huildings, an academy, bank, and 3 places of worship. The Pocomoke is 40 miles long, and runs S. W. into the Chesapeake bay, forming a considerable bay at its mouth. [c] A small dull village, the capital of Accomac co. Virginia, containing the county buildings and about 30 houses. [y J Northampton co. including Cape Charles, Eastern Shore of Virginia. It is the fi^st county on the peninsula which ex- tends along N. between the Atlantic and Chesapeake bay. It contains about 7,000 inhabitants, of whom one half are slaves. The whole of this peninsula, called Eastern Shore of Virginia, has a flat poor sandy soil. The average width of two counties, N. Hampton and Accomac is 10 miles. Produce, peach brandy and Indian corn. [g] One of the largest bays on the globe. It is 12 miles wide at its entrance, between Cape Charles awd Cape Henry, and extends 270 miles to the northward, dividing Virginia and Ma- ryland. It is from 7 to 20 miles broad, and generally as mucn as 9 fathoms deep. It receives the waters of the Susquehannah, Potomack, Rappahannock, York, James, and several othei" ssnaller rivers. :Jt> STATE ROADS. p E N N s YLv AN I A — Continued, . No. 2. From P hiladelphia t o C. May, hy Steamboat TOW>'S, &:c. iieedj Island as above, Ojsterbed, ivgg Island Flats, i>.\w. May, •is 1st 5p 44 24 68 16 84 20 104 No. 3. .Froj;^ Philadelphia to tape May, hy Bridge- toivn. Woodbury, . _ 9 Mullico Hill, - m 8 17 Pole Town, - - 8 25 Deerfield, . - 7 32 Bridgetown^ - - 7 39 Cape May, as in No. 3, - 51 90 No. 4. From Philadelphia to Cape May, direct by Cheiv^s Landing, Camden, [h] - - 1 Mount Ephiaim, - - 5 6 Chew's Landing, - - 3 9 Blackwoodstown, - - 3 12 Cross Keys, - - 6 18 Cambell's, - - 16 34 D ennis. - - 20 54 Cape May^ - - 17 71 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC, 221 \h] Opposite Pliiladelphia, in Gloucester co. New-Jersey. It is much resorted to by the citizens in warm weather. The Delaware is here thirteen hundred and sixty-two yards wide, and is constantly plied by various kinds of boats to and frorr the city. The village contains a bank and an academy. ^19 222 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA — Continued* No. 5. From Philadelphia to Great Egg Harbour. TOWNS, &c. II Dis- tance from Philadelphia Camden, Haddenfield, Long-a-coming, Blue Anchor, \i] Pennypot, Weymonth, May's Landing, Cross Egg Harbour River to Bar- gantovrn, Sommer'sPoint toEgg Harbour [/] 6 9 8 8 5 6 13 4 1 7 16 24 32 37 43 56 60 No. 6. From Philadelphia to Tuckerton^ Little Harbour. (By Stage.) Egg Camden, „ ^ 1 Ellis's - - 6 7 Swain's, - - 5 12 Emely's - 11 23 Klines, - - 3 26 Atsion, _ 1 27 Quaker Bridge, 4 31 Sooyes, - - 5 36 Wad in 2; River, - 3 39 Bass River and Town, - 6 45 Fuckerton, [fe] - 6 51 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &:C. 223 [i] Gloucester co. New-Jersey; Washington, 165. [j] Egg Harbour, Great, Gloucester co. N. J. on the bay of the same name. Population of the township, 1,635. A con- siderable quantity of pine is exported from this place. The shipping owned here, in 1816, amounted to 5,154 tons. [k] Tuckerton, post-village, Burlington co. N.J. near S.entl of Littie Egg Harbour bay j Washington, 193. 224 STATE ROADS PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, No. 7. From Philadelphia to Mount Holly, and thence to the sea coast at Squam Beach, TOWNS, &C. |e 11 SJ5 Camden, _ 1 Cooper's Creek, . 1 2 Waterfordville, - 4 6 Pennsauken Creek, . 1 7 Moorestown, - 3 la Cross Aiicocus Creek to Mount Holly, [/] - 8 18 Julia Town, - 5 23 flanover Furnace, - 6 29 Toms River Bridge, - - 20 49 Squam Beach, - 9 68 No. 8. From Philadelphia to Burlington and Bpr- dentown, and thence to Long Branch, Camden, [to] 1 Pennsauken Creek, 6 7 Toll Bridge, Ancocus Creek, - 5 12 Burlington, [nj 6 17 Bustleton, 4 21 Bordenton, 5 26 Alienton, 10 36 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC, 225 [f\ Mount Holly, post-town and capital of Burlington co, ZVew-Jersey, near Ancocus creek; 23 E. N. E. Philadelphia; Washington, 150. It is a flourishing towri, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, a bank, 2 houses of pub- lic worship, 1 for Episcopalians and 1 for Friends; valuable mills, and upwards of 200 dwelling-houses. [7n] Camden, village, Gloucester county, New-Jersey, on E. bank of the Delaware, opposite to Philadelphia- It is a plea- sant village, and contains a bank and an academy. [n] Burlington city, Burlington county, New-Jersey, on the DeJavvare, a little below Bristol, on the opposite side; 20 NE. Philadelphia by water, and 17 by land.. Washington, 162. — Population, in 1810, 2,419— in 1820, 2,758. The most popu- lous part is situated on an island in the Delaware, 1,^- mile long, and 3-4 mile wide, communicating with tb.e main laud by four bridges and causeways. It contains a court-house, a market- house, an academy, a public libraiy, and 4 houses of public worship; 1 for Episcopalian?, 1 for Friends, 1 for Ba])tists, and 1 for Methodists; and has some manufactures. It is a pleasant town, favourably situated, and has a good harbour. It has been made a port of entry, but carries on no foreign trade. In 1816, it had 302 tons of shipping. 226 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA — Contlnucd* TOWNS, &:c. Z c a. £i Sri; m Monmouth, or Freehold, Tinton Falls, Eatontowii, Long Branch, -' 20 9 2 4 56 65 67 71 No. 9. From Philadelphia to New- York^ by Borden- town and South Amhoy, Steamboat Line. Bordentown, by Steamboat, By Stage. Cranbury, Spottiswood, South Amboy, Cross to N. Amboy, - New York, by Steamboat, - 16 10 8 2 22 28 43 63 61 63 85 No. 10. From Philadelpia to New-York, by Staten Island. New Brunswick as in greatN.E. R. Woodbridge, [o] Staten IsL[p] Sound to New Ferry Castleton, Lazaretto, Now York, by Steamboat 67 67 4 71 7 78 1 79 5 84 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 225^ [o] Woodbridge, post-town, Middlesex county, New-Jersey, W. of Arthur KuU Sound ; 3 N. N. W. Amboy, 39 N. E, Tienton. Washington, 210. Population, 4,286. The village contains an Episcopal and Presbyterian cjjurch. [p] Staten Island, belonging to New- York, and forming the county of Richmond. It is about 18 miles in length, and, where widest, 8 in breadth. On the south side is a considera- ble tract of level, good land ; but the island in general is. *iough and the hills high. Population, 5,347. 228 STATE R0ADS, PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, No. 11. From Philadelphia to New-York^ hy Eliza- hethtown Point, ^i •i^ TOWNS, &C. 5S (25 Frankford, 5 Holmesburg, [q] 5 10 Bristol, [r] 10 20 Trenton, 11 31 New Brunswick, 26 57 Cross Raritan River to Rath way on Rath way River, 12 69 Elizabethtown, 5 74 Elizabethtown Point, - 2 76 New York, by Steamboat, 10 86 No. 12. From Philadelphia to New- York^ by New- Hope and Plainjield; a Stage Road, Rising Sun, Milestown, Shoemakers Town on Tacony Cr. Jenkintown, Abington, Willowgrove, Hatborough, Cross Roads, T^eshaming Bridge, - 4 3 7 2 9 2 n DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, kc, 229 Iq] Holmesburg, post-town, Philadelphia county, Pennsyl- vania ; 9 N. E. Philadelphia. Washington, 147.— Long. 75 4 W. Lat. 40 2 N. [r] Bristol, borough and post-town, Bucks coxinty, Pennsyl- vania, on W. bank of the Delaware, nearly opposite to Bur- lington, New-Jersey ; 19 1-2 N. E. Philadelphia. Washing- ton, 157. Long. 74 53 W. Lat. 40. 6. N.— Populatiou, 908 ; including the township, 2,073. It contains a market-house, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Methodists. It is a handsomely built vil- lage, pleasantly situated, and is the resort of much genteel company in summer. £0 230 STATE ROADSi PENNSYLVANIA CoUtillUed. TOWNS, &c. 11 5 5|5 Greenville, . _ 28 Ingraham's Great Spring, - 3 31 New Hope, - 2 33 Cross the Delaware to Lamberts- ville, - - 1 34 New Meeting, - - 3 37 Old Ringo's - - 3 40 Raritan Bridge, - - 14 64 Somerville, - - 4 68 Boundbrook, ^ - 4 62 Plainfield, - - 6 68 Sco'tch Plains, - - 3 71 Springfield, - - 6 77 Camptown, - - 4 81 Newark, ► - 3 84 Jersey City, - - 9 93 New York, across ; the Hudson, 2 95 No. 13. From Philadelphia to Albany, by Easton and Goshen. Willowgrove, 14 Neshanning Creek, 10 24 Doylestown, [s] 2 26 Thickon Creek, 10 36 Durham Creek, [i] 10 46 Cross Lehigh River [«] to Easton 9 55 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &IC, 231 [5] Doylestown, post-town, Burks co. Penn ; 14 NW. New- ton; 26 N. Philadelphia; Washington, 163. Pop. 1,430. This is the seat of justice for the county. f/| Durham Creek, r. Pennsylvania, which runs into the Dela ware. Lon. 75. 15. W. Lat. 40. 35. N. [m] Lehigh River, Pa. which runs SE. into the Delaware, ftt Raston. Length, 75 miles. 232 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA — Continued. TOWNS, &C. If 3p Cross Delaware R. to Hope N. J. 19 74 Johnsonburg, 7 81 Newtown, 10 91 Cross Walkill River to Hamburg, 12 103 Vernon, 7 110 N. Y. State Line, 3 113 Warwick, 6 119 Florida, 6 125 Goshen, 6 131 Montgomery, 9 140 New Paltz, 21 161 Cross Walkill River, to Spring T. 3 164 Friends Settlement, 3 167 Kingston, [v] 10 177 Cross Esopus Creek to Sagerties, 12 189 Catskill, 12 201 Athens, 6 207 New Baltimore, [iv'] - 14 221 Albany, 15 236 No. 14. From Philadelphia to Milford, Pike county. ^^aston, Richmond, Williamsburg, [.r] Delaware Water Gap, - 14 4 5 [r] Kingston, post-town, and cap. Ulster co. N. Y., on W. side of the Hudson ; 65 S. Albany, 100 N. New- York. W.306. Pop. 2,956. The village is pleabantly situated, on Esopus creek, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market house, a bank, an academy, a public library, a meeting house, 2 print- ing ofl&ces, and had, in l8l2, 150 houses and stores. The public buildings, and many others, are of blue lime stone. Two weekly newspapers are published here. [w] Post-town, Greene co. N. ¥., on W. sideof theHudsoii) formed from the north part of Coxackie, in I8II , 18 S. Albany, W. 375. Pop. 2,036. \x] Williamsburg, or Jonestown, post-tewn, Lebannon co. Pa. at the junction of the Swatara and Little Swalara j 23 ENE. Harrisburg : Washington, 140, 234 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA— 'Continued* XOWNS, &c. II n m Dutotsburg, Bushkill Creek, Dingman's Creek, Milford, [y] ^- \ 2 13 13 8 80 93 106 114 No. 15. From Philadelphia, to Bethany, Wayne co., by Easton. Dutotsburg, as in Last No. 80 Stroudsburg, 3 83 Pike County, 5 88 Falls of Lackawaxen, [r] 31 119 Bethany, [«j 10 129 No. 16. From Philadelphia to Bethany, by the JS'^eio Turnpike Road. Easton, as in No. 14, - 55 Wind Gap, 12 67 Road Forks, 3 70 Pokono Mountain, 10 80 Wallenpapack Creek, 13 93 Middle Creek, 18 111 Bethany, 8 119 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 235 [y] Milford, post-town, and cap. Pike co. Pennsylvania, pleasantly situated on W. bank of the Delaware, elevated 120 feet above the river ; 48 W. by S. Newburgh, 60 NNE. Easton, 65 NW. New-York, 120 N. by E. Philadelphia, W. 241. The principal trade is in lumber. About a mile from the town a considerable stream called Saw creek, after descending down several successive pitches, is precipitated from the height of 130 feet perpendicular, forming a beautiful cataract. [s] Lackawaxen river, Wayne co. Pa. which runs into the Delaware, about 30 miles below Damascus, and 174 above Philadelphia. fa] Bethany, post-town and cap. Wayne co. Pa. ; SO NE Wilkesbarre, W.279. Pop. 193. S>36 STATE ROADS. PENN s Y L V ANi A — Continued, No. 17. From Philadelphia to Utica, by Montrose, TOWNS, &C. St II Is sjl Germantown, [b' _ 6 Chesnut Hill, - 4 10 Spring House, - 8 18 Montgomery Square, - - 4 22 Lexington, " 4 26 Letters, 6 32 Quakertown, 6 38 Fryburg, - 6 44 Otts, - 4 48 Cross Lehigh R. [c] to '. Bethlehem 5 63 Nazareth, - 10 63 Winclgap, [d] Blue M. - 9 72 Hoods, - 9 81 Sox Pokono Mount. - _ 7 88 Big Tobvhanna Creek, - 3 91 Little Tobyhanna, - 5 96 Cross Lehigh Creek to Stoddarts- ville, - 4 100 Bear Creek, - 9 109 Wilkesbarre, [e] - 9 118 Cross £. Branch, Susf juehannah River to Ayres, - 14 132 Re-cross Susquehannah to Tunk- hannack. - 14 146 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec. 237 [b] Germantowa, post-town, Philadelphia co. P.Tnnsylvania; 7 N. Philadelphia, W. 143. Pop. 4,311. It contains a bank, an academy, and 5 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyte- rians, 1 for German Calvanists, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Friends, and 1 for Mennonists. It is pleasantly situated, and has con- siderable manufactures. Most of the houses are built on one street, which is about 2 miles in length. Here is the principal congregation of the Mennonists in America. A battle was fought here on the 4ih of October, 1777, between the Ameri- cans, under General Washington, and the British. The Ame- ricans lost 200 killed, 500 wounded, an>l 4 taken prisoners. The British lost 70 killed, and 430 wounded and ta ken prisoners. [c] Lehigh river, Pa., which runs SE. into the Delaware, at Easton. Length, 75 miles. [d] Wind Gap, a pass in the Blue Mountains, Northampton CO. Pa. ; 10 W. of the river Delaware, W. 204 Here is a post ofiBce. [e] Wilkesbarre, post-town, borough and cap. Luzerne co^ Pa., on the Susquehannah ; 115 NNW. Philadelphia, W. 225. Lon. 75. 55. W. Lat. 41. 12 N. Pop. 755 ; including the town- ship, 1,602. It contains a courthouse, a jail, 2 printing offi- ces, from each of which is issuad a weekly newspaper, a bank| an academy, a Presbyterian '.leeting house, and has some trade. Here is a bridge across the river. The country arouad abounds iu coal. 233 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA — ContimiecL TOWNS, kc. II lii s|3 Misshoppen Creek, Montrose, [/Jhead waters of Wya- lusing Creek, 7 14 153 167 Silver Lake Creek, 5 172 N. Y. State Line, 6 178 Cross Susquehannah River to Che- nango Point, 7 185 Greene, 19 204 Oxford, 12 216 Norwich, 9 225 Cross Chenango R. to N. Norwick, 6 231 Sangerfield, Clinton, 24 10 265 265 Utica, [g] 10 275 No. 18. From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, by Montrose and Cauga Lake. By Stages. Montrose, as in last No. 167 N. Y. State Line, 23 190 Cross Susquehannah E. B. to Os- wego, 8 198 Ithaca, [A] 28 226 By Steam-boat, on Cauga Lake. Ludlowsville, 8 234 Kingsferry, [r] 11 1 246 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &:c. 239 [/] Montrose, post-town, and cap. Susquehannah co. Pa, J 50 N. Wilkesbaire, W. 280. is\ Utica, post-town, Oneida co. N. Y., on S. side of the Moliawk ; 4 ESE. VVhitestovvn, U ESE. Rome, 93 W. by N. Albany, W. 392. Lon. 74. 13. W. Lat. 43. 10. N Pop. 2,972. It is intersected, near tiie centre, by the Erie Canal, and is the depot for most of the imported goods consumed in the western part of the state. It contains 7 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Methodists, 1 Welch Presbyterians, and 2 for Baptists ; an academy, 2 banks, and also a savings bank. The houses are constructed partly of brick and partly of wood, and many of them elegant. The principal street is spacious and handsome. The October term of the supreme court is held here. Utica is situated in a fertile district of country, is a wealthy and flour- ishing town, and has an extensive trade. It is built on the ?ite of Fort Schuyler, whicli was erected under the British go- vernment to prevent the inroads of the French and Indians. The ruins of it are still faintly visible. [A] Post-town, and capitol Tompkins co. N. Y., at the south end of Cayuga lake, at the entrance of Fall creek, and Six Mile creek; 18 S. Ovid, 29 N. Oswego, 178 W. Albany, W. 347. Pop. 859. It is a handsome and flourishing village, and contains a court-house, a jail, and valuable mills, and has considerable trade. A weekly newspaper is published here. [ij King's Ferry, post-village, Cayuga co., N. Y., in Genoa; 185 W. Albany, W. 366. 240 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA- -Continued. TOWNS, &C. if tt .-4 ClQ Aurora, ^ 6 251 Union Springs, - 7 258 Cajuga, - 6 264 By Stage, Seneca Falls, * 4 268 Waterloo, [j] - 4 272 Geneva, [k] - 6 278 Cross Canandalgua outlet to Ca- nandagua. . 16 294 Bloomfield Church, - 8 302 Honcoje Creek, - 6 308 Avon, -w 12 320 Genesee River, - 1 321 Caledonia, - 7 328 Cross Aliens Creek to Le Roy, 6 333 Black Creek, 5 338 Batavia, [I] - 7 345 Tonawanta Creek, •» 4 349 Murder Creek, . 10 359 Cross Ellicot's Cr. to Williamsvillel 7 366 Buffalo, - 19 385 Tonawanta Creek, • 10 395 Falls of Niagara, A 11 406 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (Lc. 24. •: zz: I ■ . ' , ' '— ' " ■ ' ■ .- "i- [J] Waterloo, post-village, and cap. Seueca co., in the town ship of Junius, W. Y. on Seneca river, 14 W. Auburn, W. 358 This flourishing village was made the shire town of the county in l8l7, A weekly newspaper is published here. k] Geneva, post- village, Ontario co. N. Y., in NE. cornar of th » township of Seneca, at N. end of Seneca lake; 16 E. Canandaigua, 22 W. Auburn, 58 N. Elmira, 192 W. Albany, W. S^'D. Pop. 1,357. It is a pleasant, handsome, and flourish- ing village, and contains a bank, an academy, a glass manufac- tory, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Episcopalians, and has an extensive trade. It is handsomely built on the banks ©f the lake, elevated 50 or 60 feet above the surface of the water, and commands a fine view of the lake, which is here 3 miles wide. Two news- papers are published here. The surrounding country is fertile and well cultivated. [/] Batavia, post town, and cap. Genesee county, N. Y. ; 40 E. Buffalo, 256 W. Albany, W. 391. Pop. 2,597. The vil- lage contains a court house, a jail, a state arsenal, a printing office, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians and 1 for Episcopalians, and about 60 dwelling houses, and has consider- able trade. ^1 \2i2 STATE ROADS< PENNSYLVANIA ^OUtinued, No. 19. From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara,' by Senaca Lake. TOWNS, &:c. Quakertown, as in No. 18, Northampton, Cross Lehigh River, - Cherrjville, Lehigh Water Gap, Recross Lehigh R. to Lehigh town Lausanne, Conjngham, Nescopcck Creek, Nescopeck Cross Susquehannah, E. Branch to Berwick, Fishing Creek, Head waters of Murray Creek, Towanda Creek, Meansville, Cross Tioga River to Athens, Ti- oga Point, N. Y. State Line, Newtown, [w] Catharinestown, Salubria,head of Seneca Lake, [/i] Hope Town, Geneva, Falls of Niagara, as in last No. 13 6 6 5 8 4 20 1 9 1 6 27 \6 6 15 5 16 18 3 24 15 128 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 24J [m] Newtown, i. Queens co. N. Y., on Long Island ; 8 E. Ne.w York. Pop. 2,437. Near t he centre of the township there iS a pleasant village containing 3 houses of public worship. Thin town gives name to an excellent apple, called the Newtown pip- pins. [n] Seneca, lake, N. Y., from 6 to 15 W. Cayuga lake. It is ^5 miles long, and from 2 to 4 broad. A quarry of excellent mar- ble, beautifully variegated, of an excellent quality and proo; '.gainst fire, has lately been discovered nx\ the bank of thi? 1rU(-. iiv'l STATJE ROADS. p E N N s Y L V A iN I A — Continued, No. 20. From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, by Reading and Sunburij. TOWxNS^ &C. i alls of Schuylkill, [o] • 6 N^orristovvn, - 11 17 P('rkioineii Creek, - 8 25 i^ottsgrove, [p] - 10 35 Reading, [q] - 17 62 Hamburg, [r] - 16 68 Schujlkiil gap in Blue Mountain, 2 70 Cross Little Schujlkiil River, - 2 72 Orwigsburg, [.y] - 7 79 (Jross Schujlkiil River, - 5 84 Potts Iron Works, - 2 86 Mahonj Creek, - 11 97 Sunhury, [t] - 23 120 BujTulo, as in Nothern Route, - 231 351 Falls of Niagara, - 21 372 No. 21 . Fro7n Philadelphia to Erie, by Siinbury and Belief onte. Sunbunj, as in last No. Cross Susquehannali River, to New Berlin, Hartlev Town, 11 JO 120 131 141 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC, 245 [q] Schuylkill, r. Pa. which rises in Luzerne co., and runs SE. into the Delaware, 6 miles below Philadelphia. It is 140 miles longj and navigable for boats 90. The Tulpehocken, a navigable stream, flows into the Schuylkill 1^ miles above Reading. There are falls on the river 5 miles above Philadel- phia, and Swedes falls a little below Norristown. A canal, connecting the Swatara with the Tulpehocken, is now in pro- gress, which will unite the waters of the Schuylkill with those of the Susquehannah. [p] Pottsgrove, post town, Montgomery co. Pa; W. l^Q, Pop. 1,882. Iq] Reading, borough and capitoi Berks co. Pa. on the Schuylkill ; 54, NW. Philadelphia, Washington, l43. Pop. m ISIO, 3,463; in 1820, 4,332. Ii is a very pleasant and flour- ishing town, and contains a court house, a jail, Shanks, a large edifice for the public offices, and 4 houses of public woisbip ; 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Cajvanists, 1 for Reman Catholics, and 1 for Friends. Il contains many elegant houses, is surrounded by fine scenery, and has in its vicinity n.any valuable mill seats. It is settled chiefly by Germans, and is remarkable for the manufacture of hats. j>fear the town there is a large and remarkable spring of pure water. [r] Hamburg, post-town, Berks co. Pennsylvania, on the Schuylkill : 18 N. Reading, W. 159. : - [s] Orwi^rsbiirg, post-town, borough and cap.-Schuylkill co. Pa. ; 27 NN VV. Reading, W. 1?0. Pop. 600. [<] Sunbury, borough, post-town and cap. Northumberland CO. Pa., on the Susquehannah, 1 nule below the junction of the E. & W. branches; 2 S. Northumberland, 56 N. Harrisburg, 122 NVV. by W. Philadelphia, W. 16t. Pop. 861. It is regu- larly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, and a Pres- byterian and it Lutheran church. 21* 246 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, TOWNS, &:c. II S2 3p Buffalo Mountain, 6 147 Aronsburg, 10 157 Penns Creek, 7 164 Earlejsburo;, 5 169 Bellefoiite, [ti] 9 178 Phillipsburg, 25 203 Carwinsville, 19 222 Port Barnet, 32 254 Meadville, [y^ 71 325 Erie, [iv] 40 365 No. 22. From Philadelphia to Erie, by Reading and Harrisbiirg. Heading, as in No. 21, - 52 Cross Schuylkill River to Sinking Spring, - 4 56 Wormelsdorf, - 10 66 Cross Tulpehocken Creek, - 2 68 Myerstown, - 5 73 Cross the Union Canal, - 3 76 Lebanon, - S 79 Millarstown, - 6 85 Cross Quitopahilla Creek, to Palmyra, - 4 89 Hummelstown, [x] - 6 95 Svvatara Creek, [y] - 1 96 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 247 [u] Bellefoiito, borough & cap. Centre co., Pa. ; 3 miles from Milesburg, 238 WNW. Philadelphia, W. 189. Pop. 433. It has an elevated situation at the head of boat navigation on Spring Creek. It is regularly laid out, and contains a bank, an aca- demy, the county buildings, &c., and is situated in a fertile country. [v] Meadville, post-town, and cap. Crawford co. Pa., on French Creek ; 25 W. Franklin, 37 S. Erie, VV. 312. Lon.80. 11. W. Lat. 41. 37. N. Pop. 649. It is very pleasantly situat- ed, regularly laid out, and contains a court house, a bank, an arsenal, a printing office, a social library, an academy, a col- lege, and a Presbyterian meeting house. It is a flourishing town, connected with Erie, Pittsburg, and Philadelphia by turnpikes. Alleghany College, at Meadville, was incorporated in 1817. The college edifice, named Bentley Hall, is 120 feet by 40, of 3 stories, and has an elevated and pleasant situation. The library is large and valuable. The institution is under the di- rection of a board of 50 trustees. Commencement is held on the 1st Wednesday in August. \w] Erie or Presqiie Isle, post-t. borough & cap. Erie Co. Pa. on a margin of a bay formed by two peninsulas on S. side of Lake Erie ; 55 NNE. franklin, 97 SW Buffalo, lOO E. Cleve- land, W. 354. Lon. 80. 8. W. Lat. 42. 10. N. Pop. 635. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a printing office. It is situated on a plain, whose banks are steep, and elevated 70 feet above the water. It has an excellent harbour for small vessels. The shipping belonging to this port in 1816, amounted to 64+ tons. [x] Hummelstown, post-town, Dauphin co. Pa., on the Swa*- tara; 9 E. Harrisburg, 90 VV. Philadelphia, W.122. Pop. 448. H. 70. On the Swatara, 1^ ra. below the town, there is a large cave, which is esteemed a great natural curiosity. It a- bounds in stalactites and other petrifactions, which assume a great variety of curious forms. [^j Swatara, r. Pa., which runs SW. into the Susquehanna, at Middletovvn. 248 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA — Continued. u ■ ^- i TOWNS, &LC. in OkQ sj-j Harrisbiirg^ [z] 8 104 Mc Allister's, 6 110 C larks Ferry, 14 124 Cross Susquehanna River, [a] 1 125 Cross Juniatta River, [6] 9 134 Millers T. 5 139 Thomastown, 6 146 Mexico, 6 151 Mifflin, [c] 3 154 Lewistown, 12 166 Beilefonte, as in No. 28 194 Erie, as in do. 187 381 No. 23. From Philadelphia to Warren, Ohio, by Hunt- ington and Indiana, Mifflin, as in last No. - 154 Lewistown, - ^ 12 166 Waynsburg, 10 176 Cross Standing Stone Creek to Huntingdon, 21 197 Petersburg, 7 204 Cross Shavers Creek, to Little Juiiiatta River 1 205 Alexandria, 2 207 Yellow Springs, 7 214 Frankstown, 10 224 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C, 249 [s] Hanisburg, post-town, Dauphin co. Pa., the seat of the slate government, on NE. bank of the Susquehanna; 16 E. Carlisle, 36 WNW. Lancaster, 98 W. Philadelphia, W. HO. Lon. 76. 50. W. Lat. 40. 16. N. Pop. 2,9U0. It contains a large and elegant state house, a court-house, a jail, 2 market houses, a bank, and 3 houses of public woiship, 1 for Luther- ans, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for German Presbyterians. It is very pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, a great part of the houses are handsomely built of brick, and the town makes a very fine appearance. Here is a very elegant covered bridge across the Susquehanna. [a] Susquehanna, the largest river of Pa., which is formed by the E. L W. branches. The E. rises in Otsego lake, NY., and the W. in Huntingdon co. Pa. They unite at Northumber- land. The liver then runs SE. into the head of the Chesapeake, in Md. It is 1| mile wide at its mouth, but is navigal)le only 5 miles. The Susquehanna vvas surveyed in 1817 by commis- sioners appointed by Pennsylvania, wlio reported, that below Columbia no asi-ending navigation was practicable, but that, at the expense of about ^'20,000, every obstacle might be re- moved to the head of the two branches. A canal is in progress, which is to unite the waters of this river with those of the Schuylkill. [6j juniatta, navigable r. Pa., formed by three branches, which rise in the counties of Cainbria^ Bedford, and Huntingdon. It has an easterly course, and joins the Susquehanna, 11 m. above Harristaurg. [c] Alifflin CO. central part of Pa. ; bounded N. by Centre and Northumberland counties, E. by the Susquehanna, which separatHS it from Dauphin co., S. by Cumberland co., and W, by Huntingdon co. It is watered by tlie Susquehanna and Ju* niatta. Pop. in 1810, 12,132; in 1820, 16,618. Chief town, LewistQvvn. ^50 STATE ROADS PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, ■-J, ttJ.i as TOWNS, &C. II 111 1 Hollidaysburg, 3 227 Blair'sSummit of Alleghany Moun- tain, 5 232 Minister, 6 238 Ebensburg, 5 243 Beula, ■2 245 Cross Blacklick Creek, to Little Blacklick Creek, 10 255 Yellow Creek, 7 262 Two Lick Creek, 5 267 Indiana, 3 270 Plumb Creek, 13 283 Cowanshannock Creek, 12 295 Kittaning, \d] 2 296 Cross Alleghany River, to Buffalo Creek, 6 303 Butler, 13 316 Slippery Rock Creek, 18 334 Cross Meshannock Creek to New- castle, 9 343 Cross Shenango Creek, to Ohio State Line, 9 352 Youngstown, [^1 9 361 Wanen,in 16 376 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, ^C. 251 [d] Kittaning, post-town, and cap. Arnnstrong co. Pa. on E. side of the Alleghany; 35 NE. Pittsburg, W. 233. Lon. 79. 25. W. Lat.40. 30. N. Pop. 318; including the township, 1,294. It is a pleasant and thriving village. [el Youngstown, post-town, Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Ma- honing; 14 SE. Warren, W. 299. Pop. 1,025. It is a consid- erable and flourishing town. [f] Warren, post-town, and cap. Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Mahoning; 40 SE, Painesville, 77 NW. Pittsburg, W. 312. Pop. 435, It is a flouvishing town, and contains the county buildings, a bank, a printing office, and had, in 181 7, about 50 houses. 25S >TATE ROADi PENNSFLVANiA — Continued. No. 24. From Philadelphia to Pittsburg and Wheel- ing, by the Great Western Road, TOWNS, &C. II .il il Schuylkill River, \g] - 2 Buck Tavern, 8 10 Paoli Tavern, 10 20 Warren Tavern, 2 22 Doivningstoivn, 10 32 Sadsbury, 10 42 Slaymakers, 8 50 Paradise, 4 64 Lancaster, [h] 10 64 Little Conesto^a Creek, 3 67 Big Chicques Creek, - 7 74 Cross Little Chicques to Mount Joy, 2 76 Elizabethtown , 7 83 Conewago Creek, 2 85 Swatera Creek j 4 89 Middleion, 1 90 High Spire, 3 93 Harrisburg, 6 99 Cross Susquehannah River, [i] 1 100 Kings T. 11 111 Carlisle, 6 117 Stoughstown, 13 130 Shippensburg, [j] 7 1 137 DESCRIFTION O^ TO*VVA'S, j8 STATE ROADS PENN s YLVANiA — CoTitinued* TOWNS, &C. 1^ S.-B si; 5ji Hopewell Forge, Campbell's Town, HummePs Town, Harrisburg, 9 14 7 9 72 86 93 102 \ No. 28. jProm Philadelphia to Harrisburg^ by Mor- gantown. Warren Tavern, as before, 22 Opposite Yellow Springs, 8 30 Morgantown, [q] 15 45 Churchtown, 4 49 Blue Bell, 5 64 Harrisburg, as before, - 49 103 No. 29. From Philadelphia to Lancaster, by W.Chester Hamiltonville, 2 Cobb's Creek, 4 6 Darby's Creek, 4 10 Crum Creek, 5 13 Chester Creek, 6 21 West Chester, [r] 3 24 Brandy wine Creek, E. B. 2 26 Marshaltown, 2 28 Brand} wine Creek, W.B, [s] - 5 33 Trueman's, 6 39 Strasburg, \t] 16 63 fiANC ASTER, 8 63 DESCRfPTION OF TOWNS, Lc, 259 [q] Morgantown, post-town, Berks county, Pennsylvania ; W. 142. [r] We^t Chester, borough and cap. Chester co., Pa. ; 23 W. Philadelphia, 40 E. Lancaster, W. 142. Pop. 559. It is sur- rounded by a fertile and well cultivated country, and contains a court-house, a Register's office, a jail, a market house, an academy, a public library, a bank, a printing office, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Quakers, 1 foi Methodists, and 1 for Catholics. The houses are mostly of brick and stone. [s] Brandywine, r. which rises in Pa., and passing into De- laware, joins the Christiana a little below Wilmington. It is 40 miles long, and through its whole course is a fine stream well adapted to water works. The descent in 25 miles is 300 feet. [/] Strasburg, post town, Lancaster co., Pa, ; 8 SE. Lan- caster, 58 W. Philadelphia, VV. U&. Pop. of the township, 3,483. The village is pleasant, chiefly built of brick and stone. 260 STATE R'GADS< PENNSYLVANIA — Continued. No. 30. From Harrisburg to Bedford, by Fanetsbiirg, TOWNS, &C. «5 If si. Shippensburg, as in No. 24, M. 38 Strasburg, - 10 48 Famietsburg, - 7 53 Burnt Cabins, . 4 59 Peach Orchard, - 7 66 Top of Sideling Hill, - - 6 72 Bedford Turnpike, «• 4 76 Bedford, \v] - 18 94 Na 31. i^rom Harrisburg to Bedford, by Neivville. Carlisle, as before, \io\ 18 Newville, 11 29 Connedegwinnet Creek, 7 ^^ Roxburg, 8 44 Burnt Cabins, 14 58 Bedford, as before, S6 93 No. 32. From Harrisburg lo Wilkesbarre, and thence to Bethany and Damascus, Northumberland, as in Great Nor- thern Route, Danville, [x] 11 52 6S DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fec. 261 \u] Shippensburg, post-town and borough Cumberland co. I'a., 20 N. by E. Chambersburg, 20 SVV. Carlisle, 140 W. Philadelphia, W. 103. Pop. J, 247. It is a considerable town, situated on a branch of tlie Conedovvinet creek, and. contains a market house, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyte- rians, 1 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Metliodists. [r] Bedford, post-town, borough and cap. Bedford co. Pa.; 100 ESE. Pittsburg, 200 W. Philadelphia, W. 129. Pop. of the borough, 789; including the township, 2,116. It is finely situated on a branch of the Juniatta, regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market house, a Presbyte- rian church, and a bank. It is built on an eminence envelop- ed by mountains. WilPs mountain, on the west side of the town, is 1,300 feet high, and Dunning's mountain, on the E. side, is 1,100 feet high. A mile and a half south of the town, there are mineral springs, which were discovered in 1S04, and are much resorted to, and are found useful in cutaneous com- plaints, ulcers, rheumatisms, chronic complaints, &c. [w] Carlisle, borough and cap, Cumberland co. Pa. ; 16 W. Harrisburg, lit W.Philadelphia, VV. 101. Lon. 77. 10 W. Lat.40. 12. N. Pop. in ISIO, 2,491; in 18^0, 2,908. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, built chiefly of stone and brick, and has considerable trade. It contains a court- house, a jail, a market house, 2 banks, and 7 houses of public worship, 1 for English Presbyterians, 1 for German Presbyte- rians, 1 for Si.otch Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Lu- Iherar 1 for '-ethoditts, and 1 for Roman Catholics. Dick- inson t.-vjllege was founded in this town, in 1733, and continued a respectable and flourisiiing institution, till about 1816, when its operations were suspended. It has been reorganized, and its operations were recommenced in Jan. 1822. The officers consist of a president, who is also professor of moral philosophy, and three professors ; 1 of mathematics and natural philosophy; 1 of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and 1 of rhetoric, belles let- ters, and the philosophy of the human mind. There is a gjrara- niar school connected with the college. [x} Danville, post-town, Columbia co. Pa., on the Susque- hanna, at the entrance of Mahoning creek, 11 miles above Northumberland ; 69 N. by E. Harrisburg, W. l1^. There 16 a copper mine near this town* 262 STATE ROADS, PENN S YLVANI A CoUtiflUed. TOWNS, &c. 4>"r Bloomsburg, Berwick, - - 8 13 71 84 Beech Grove, - - 2 86 Kingston, - - 22 108 Wilkesbarre, [y] - - 2 110 Pittston, [z] - - 8 118 Providence, [a] - - 8 126 Bethany, Damascus, _ - 26 13 152 165 No. 33. From Harrisbur^ to MeansviUe. Northumberland, as in Great Nor- _. thern Route, - bS Milton, . 12 65 Watsonsburg, - 5 70 Pennsborough, - 9 79 Lewis' Glassworks, - 19 88 Rogers' . 5 93 Eldridge, - 7 100 Meansville, - 18 118 No. 34. From Harrisburg to Wellsborough. Mc Allisters, at Fishing Creek - Millersburg, on Wiconisco Creek, Georgetown, Cross Susquehanna River, 16 10 1 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &LC, 263 :.-/• ■■ ' •' === j?/] Wilkesbavre, post-town, borough, and capital Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, on the Susquehanna; 115 NNW. Phi- ladelphia, Washington, 225. Long. 75 55 W. Lat. 41 12 N. Population, 755; including the township, 1,602. It contains a couit-house, a jail, 2 printing-offices, from each of which is is- sued a weekly newspaper, a bank, an academy, a Presbyterian meeting-house, and has some trade. Here is a bridge across the river. — The country around abounds in coal. [s] Pittston, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania ; Washington 233. Population, 825 [a] Piovidence, post-town, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania ; Waehington, 244. Population, 8€L 264 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, TOWNS, &C. Selins Grove, Lewisbur^, W. B. Susquehanna River, Newburg, Hews', Wellsboroiigh, [6] 11 12 24 2 10 28 £1^ 44 56 80 82 92 120 No. 35, j^rom Harrishur^ to Gettysburg, and thence to Harperh Ferry, Dills Town, 14 Petersburg, 8 22 Heidlersburg, 5 27 Gettysburg, [c] 9 36 Emmitsburg, Md, 10 46 Creegers T. - - 11 57 Fredericktown, 12 69 Harpers Ferry, [flf] 21 90 No. 36. Fro/zi Philadelphia to Wheeling, by Gettys- burg and the Gi^eat National Road, Gettysburg, as in No. 25, 116 Fairfield, 8 123 Waynesburg, 15 138 Md. State tine, 6 144 Hagerstown, [e] 6 150 DESCRIPTION OF TOW.VS, «Lc. '2Cb [6] VVellsborough, post-tovvii, & cap. Tioga co. Pa. ; 45 N, by W.Williamspoit, W. 245. [c] Gettysburg, post-town, & cap. Adams co. Pa. on a branch of Rock cteek ; which flows into the Monocasy ; 28 WSW. York, 113 W. Philadeiphia, W. 73. Lat- 39. 51. N. Pop. 1,102, It contains the county buildings, and a bank, and has some trade. [d\ Harper's Ferry, post-village, Jefferson co. Va., at the junction of the Shenandoah with the Potomac ; 8 ENE. Charles- jown, 30 NE. Wiiichester, 65 WNW. Washington. The celebra- ted passage of the Potomac, at this place, is an object truly grand and magnificent. The eye takes in at a glance, on th« north side of the Potomac and Shenandoah at their junction, an impetuous torrent foaming and dashing over numerous rocks, which have tumbled from precipices that overhung them, the picturesque tops and sides of the mountains, the gentle and winding current of the river below the ridge, presenting alto- gether a landscape capable of awakening the most delightful and sublime emotions. " This scene," says Mr. Jefferson, " is worth a voyage across the Atlantic." — There ii at this place, belonging to the United States, a very extensive establishment for the manufacture of arms. It was founded in 1798, and now employs about 260 workmen. There are 8 large brick buil- dings, 6 on the Potomac, and 2 on the Shenandoah, 2 miles dis- -tant, occupied by the works; also 2 large brick buildings occu- pied as an arsenal. [e] Hagerstown, or Elizabethtown, post-town, Sz capital Washington co. Md., on Antietam creek, 2G NW. Frederick- town, 71 WNW. Baltimore, W. 69. Pop. 2,690. It is regu- larly laid out, and contains a court house, a jaii, a market house, a bank, 4- bouses of public worship, 1 for German Lu- 4berans, 1 for German Calvanists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. A great part of the houses are built of brick and stone. It is situated in a fertile tract of country, and has consid- erable trade. There are a number of mills in the vicinity, oe AutietAm creek- Two newspapers are published here. S^ 2CG STATE ROADS. PENN s Y LV AN I A — Continued, TOWNS, &:c. C) C • - tS 0^2 o"^ as Hancocktowii, [/] Cnmberland, [g\ Petersburg, Union, Brownsville, [h] Martinsburg, Wheeling, [/'J 27 39 35 25 12 27 24 197 236 271 296 308 335 339 iNo. 37. From Philadelphia to Wheeling, by Cham- bersbnror and the Great National Road. Chambers])urg, as in No 25, - Mercersburg, Cove Mountain, Hancocktown, Union, as in last No. - Wheeling, as in do. 16 8 10 99 63 139 155 163 173 272 335 No. 38. From Philadelphia to Oxford, Chester coiin- ty, by the Marlborough Street Road, Crum Creek, . 15 Chester Creek, - 6 21 Brand J wine Creek, •' 5 26 Hed Lyon, - 4 30 London Grove M. U. - 3 35 Fagg's Manor, - 7 42 Lower Oxford, - 8 6© DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (^C. 267 [/] Hancock, post-town, Washitigton co. Md., on the Po- tomac; 34 W. Elizabelhtown, 103 W. Baltiinoie, VV. 96, Pop. 200. [g] Cumberland, post-town, and cap. Alleghany co. Md. on the Potomac, at the junction of Will's creek, 70 W. Ha- gerstown, 130 ESE. Wheeling, 150 W. by N. Baltimore, VV. 135. It is a considerable town, and contains a court house, a jail, a market house, a bank, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Methodists, and 1 built jointly by the Presbyterians and Episcopalians. In and adjoining the town are 3 merchant flour mills, 2 of them only now in operation. Two newspapers are published here. The mountains in the vicinity abound in stone coal, great quanti- ties of which are transported down the Potomac in flat and keel boats. The great western road, made 6y the U. S. go- vernment, extends from this town to the banks of ihe Ohio at Wheeling, and a survey has been made from thence to the Mississippi, 600 miles further. [h] Brownsville, post-town, and borough Fayette co., Pa. ou the Monongabela at the junction of Dunlap's and Red Stone creeks ; n N\V. Union, 25 SE. Washington, 32 SSE, Pittsburg, 55 ESE. Wheeling, 210 NW. Baltimore, W. 215. Pop 976 ; and including the borough of Bridgeport, separated only by Dunlap's creek, l,600. It is situated at the point where the great Cumberland road strikes the head of navigation of the Monongahela ; and has long been a place of embarkation for emigrants to the west. The town has a picturesque site, built on the declivity of a hill, and the most elevated houses being about 30o feet higher than those on the river. It contains a bank, a printing office, a masonic hall, and 4 houses of public worship for Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Quakers, and Me- thodists. The town is built principally of brick and stone. It is situated in a district of country abounding in coal and iron ore, and contains various manufacturing establishments for the manufacture of iron, glass, cotton, card?, nails, wire, flour, &c. Saltwater also abounds in the vicinity. [i] Wheeling, post-town, Ohio co. Va., on the Ohio ; at the mouth of the Wheeling; 8 E. St Clairsville, 28 W. by S. Washington, Pa., 95 miles below Pittsburg, 130 WNW. Cumberland, 370 NW. Richmond, W. 270. It is built on a high bank, principally on one street, and contains a court- house, a jail, a market house, a bank, a church, about 200 houses, and has some trade and manufactures. The Cumber- land road, lately opened, reaches the Ohio at this place. ^e$ STATE ROADS, PENNSYLVANIA — Continued. No. 39. From Philadelphia to RPCalPs Ferry. TOWNS, &:c. West Chester, as in No. 29 [j] Truemans, Octarara Creek, Hamil's, M'CalPs Ferrv, 15 7 15 7 24 39 46 61 68 No. 40. From Bedford to WJieeUng, by Somerset and Connelsville. Somerset, 38 Hill Creek, 11 49 Flat Fiocks, 4 53 Top of Laurel Hill, - 2 57 Top of Cliesnut Fvidge, 11 68 Cojinelsville, [A:] 4 72 Plumpstock, 9 81 Brown svilky [/J 9 90 Marti nsburg, [m] 27 117 Wheeling, 24 141 No. 41. From Bedford to Connelsville, by Berlin. Cross [iajstowu B. toJuiiiatta, [n] Stotlers, head of Wills Creek - Vv'hite Horse, 11 6 16 22 DESCRIPTION OF TOTTSTS, ^C, 269 r^J VVest Chester, capital of Chester co. Pennsylvania, con- taining a court-house, bank, market house, and nearly 600 in- habitants. [k] Borough, Fayette co. on north side of the Youghaay, having a fine commanding situation. In tlie vicinity of the town there are a number of merchant mills, furnaces, forge?, and other mills. Th«r Youghany rises in V^a. and runs NNW. into the Monongahela 15 ni. SE. of Pittsburg. It is navigable to Connelsville. II] Brownsville, Fayette CO. Pa. is beautifully situated on the Monongahela ; the most elevated part of the town is 300 feet highei than that on the river. It is a place of wealth and trade, and has a bank and printing ( ffice, and a great number of mills and manufactories. Population, including Bridgeport, which is separated from Brownsville, by Dunlap's Creek, 1395. [m] Martinsburg, capital of Berkely co. Va. is situated in a fertile and well cultivated country, and contains the county buildings, an academy, Episcopal church, and about 80 houses. [n] Juniatta, a navigable river, formed by 3 branches, which rise in the counties of Cambria, Bedford, and Huntingdon. It has an easterly course, and joins the Susquehanna 11 miles above Harrisburg. 23* 270 STATE ROADS PEiNNSYLVANiA — Continued, TOWNS, &C. ii s.i Q| Top of Alleghany Mountain, 2 24 Berlin, 3 27 Coxe's Creek, 9 36 Laurel Hill Creek, - 9 45 Flat Rocks, 4 49 ConnehviUe, 17 m No. 42. From Somerset to Connelsville, by Milford. Milford, 8 Laurel Hill Creek, 1 9 Cummin's, top of Laurel Hill, 6 15 Jndian Creek, 7 22 Top of Chesnut Ridge, 7 29 Connelsville, 6 35 No. 43. From Connelsmlle to Ohio River, by Union and Wayneshurg, Union, 11 M' Lellentown, 8 19 Silby's Ferry, iVIonongahela R.[o] 4 23 Wayneshurg, 15 38 Virginia State Line, - 24 62 Ohio River, at the mouth of L. Fishing Creek, [p] - 16 78 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (fcc, 271 [o] Monongahela river rises from the Laural mountains in Va. and runs north into Pennsylvania, uniting with the Alle- ghany at Pittsburg, it forms the Ohio. It is navigable for bat- teaux to Brownsville, and farther still for lighter craft. Its length is 300 miles. [p\ Ohio river is formed by the Union of the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers at Pittsburg. It has a WSW. course of 949 miles, when it joins the Mississippi, 193 miles below the Mis- souri, in Lon. 80. 58. W. Lai. 37. N. By a direct line it is only 614 miles from Pittsburg. The river varies in breadth from 400 to 1400 yards. At Cincinnati it is 534 yards wide, which is about its aver* age breadth. It has considerable falls at Louisville. The descent being 22^ feet in two miles. The river contains 100 islands. The mean height of its current is estimated at 3 miles an hour, when very low, 2 miles. It has a great number of flour- ishing towns on its banks, which will be noticecj. 272 STATE ReADS. PENNSYLVANIA — Continued, No. 44 From Washington to Stenhenville. TOWNS, &c. 1 Mount Pleasant, Eldersvilie, Steubenville, - 10 9 10 20 29 No. 45. from Pittsburg to Erie, by Harmony and Mercer, fdarmouy, [q'] ^ - 27 Mercer, [r] - - 32 59 Meadvilkj [s] - . 30 89 Erie, [f - - 40 129 No. 46. From Pittsburg to Erie, by Beaver and Neiocastle. Beaver, „ _ 28 Newcastle, [it] . _ 22 50 Mercer, . - 18 68 Erie, as in last, - - 70 138 No. 47. From Pittsburg to Neiv Orleans, by the Ohio and Mississippi. Neville's Island, Big Sewicklj Creek, leaver Toivn, [r] 8 8 16 13 29 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. ^^7$ [q] Harmony, post-village, Butler co. Pa. ; 16 Butler, W. 24B. Pop. 217. [ r] Mercer, post-town, borough, anri capital Mercer co. Pa.; 70 NN VV. Pittsburg, W. 262. Pop. 506. [si Meadville, post-town, and capital Crawford co. Pa.; on French Creek; 25 W. Franklin, 37 S. Erie, W. 312. Lon. 80. U. W. Lat. 41. 37. N. Pop. 649. It is very pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a bank, an arsenal, a printing office, a social library, an academy, a college, and a Presbyterian meeting house. It is a flourishing town, connected with Erie, Pittsburg, and Philadelphia, by turnpikes. [t] Erie, CO. NW. corner of Pa.; bounded NNW. by Lake Erie, E. by New York and Warren cos., S. by Crawford co.j and W. by Ohio. Pop 8.553. [u] JSewcastle, post-town, Mercer co. Pa. ; W. 297, [f] Beaver town, post-town, Union co. Pa.W. IG^r 274 STATE ROADS. PENNSYLVANIA ^OUCluded. TOWNS, &C. Ohio state line, - - 13 Steubenville, [w] - - 24 Wheeling, - - 20 Newport, - - 63 Marietta & Muskinghum R. Ohio, 14 Blaiinerhasset Island, - 13 Bellville, Va. - - 14 Little Falls, - - 3] GaUipolis, O. - - 31 Maysville, K, [x] - - 128 Augusta J K. - - 16 Cineinnati Ohio and Newport K. 38 North Bend, - - 15 Lawrenceburg, Indiana, - 6 Bellevue, - - 10 Vevay, Indiana and Ghent K. - 34 Madison, Indiana, - - 22 Transylvania, Ken. and Utica Ind. 31 Falls of Ohio. Shippingport, K. - '10 Evansviile, Indiana, - - 180 Shawnee ToAvn, II. - - 62 Smithland^ and Cumberland R., K. 59 America, II. - - 46 Confluence of the Ohio and Mis. 12 Arkansas River, - - 339 JWttches, - - 281 New Orleans, - - 276 i ^ C !- 42 66 86 149 163 176 190 221 252 380 396 434 449 455 465 499 521 558 568 748 810 869 915 927 1266 1547 1823 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, kc, 275- \w] Steubeiiville, post-town, and capital Jefferson co. Ohio, Oil thu Ohio, C9 miles, by the river, below Pittsburg, 38 by land, 109 above Marietta, 25 NE. St. Clairsville, 150 E. by iN. Co- lumbus, W. 277. Lon. 8. 40. W. Lat. 40 25. N. Fop. 2539. It is a very flourishing town, regularly laid out, and contained in I8l7j 453 houses, 3 churches, an academy, 2 banks, a mar- ket house, a woollan manufactur}-, the machinery of which is put in motion by a steam engine, a s(jeam paper mill, a flour mill and cutton manufactory driven by steam power, a j)rinting office, from wliich is issued a weekly newspaper, an air foun- dery, 27 retail stores, and 16 public inns. [x] Maysville, post-town, Mason co. Ren., on the Ohio ; 3 NE. Washington, 60 NE. Lexington, 63 above Cincinnati, W. 488. Pop. in 1810, 335 , in 1820, 1,130. It is a flourish- ing town, and contains a glass manufactory, a printing office, &c. It has more trade than any other town in Kentucky, ou the Ohio, above Louisville. The site on which it is built is pleasant, but confined, not more than 50 rods wide, and the hills in its rear rise abruptly to the height of 450 feet. [y] Ohio, i. e. in the Indian language, Beautiful river, r U. S., formed by the Union of the Alleghany and Monnngahela, at Pittsburg, Pa. It separates Virginia and Kentucky on th^ 3« from the siatf s of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, on the N, and altera WSW. course of 949 miles, joins the IMississippi. l93 miles below the Missouri, in Lon. 88. 58. W. Lat. 37 N. From Pittsburgh to its mouth, by a direct line, it is only 614- miles. The river varies in breadth from 400 to 1400 yards. At Cin- cinnati it is 534 yards, which may be regarded its mean breadth. It is an excellent river for inland navigation. Its current is very gentle, and nowhere broken by any considerable falls, ex- cept at Louisville. The whole descent here, in 2 miles, is 22| feet, but the current is not so broken but that boats have, in many instances, ascended the falls. A canal is contemplat- ed around these falls The annual range from high to low water is upwards of 50 feet, and its extreme range about 60 feet When lowest, it may be forded in several places above Louisville. It is frozen over almost every winter near Pittsburg, and has been frozen about 400 miles below Pittsburg. The navigation is generally suspended 8 or 10 weeks, during the winter, by floating ice. Its current when at mean height, is estimated at 3 miles ai: hour, when very low 2 miles. The river contains 100 Islands, but there are none betv.een the states of Ohio and Kentucky.- Steara Ijoats are now employed on this river with great advan- tage. The principal towns on the Ohio, below Pittsburg, art Steubenville, Wheern\ Lancaster, 14 49 No. 3. From Wilmington to Dover, and thence to Lewistoxcn. Newcastle, 5 Lebanon, 7 12 St. Georges, 3 15 Cantwell's Bridge, 7 22 Blackbird, 6 28 Smyrna, [z] 6 34 Dover, [a] 12 46 Frederica, 12 58 Cedar Creek, 5 Q^S Prune Hook, 7 70 Broad Kill, 4 74 Le\^'istovvn, 5 79 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, 4cG. measured, according to its meanders, by captain Hutchiiis, is 1188 miles. But according to the surveys made by the U. S. on the N. biink, is only 949 miles. The following table of dis- tances is taken from Dr. Diake, and is founded chiefly ou those surveys: From Pittsburg to miles. whole dtsU Big Beaver river 30 30 Little Beaver river^ 13 43 Steubenville 26 69 Wheeling 26 95 Marietta, 83 178 Great Kenhawa river 87 265 Big Sandy river 47 312 Scioto river .* 40 352 Maysville 50 402 Little Miami river 56 45S Cincinnati ; 7 465 Great Miami river 20 4S5 Kentucky river 43 533 Louisville 54 587 Salt river 23 610 Anderson's river 98 708 Green River 52 760 Wabash river 61 821 Shawneetown 10 831 Cave-in-rock 20 ^51 Cumberland river 40 891 Tennessee river, 12 ........... 903 Fort Massac 8 9ll Mississippi 38 94-9 [y] Kent county, Delaware, on Duck Creek, about 10 miles above its mouth. It is a place of considerable business, and bas a bank and an academy Population, about 600. [z] On Jones' Creek, Kent county, 7 miles above its entrance into Delaware Bay. It is a pleasant, well built, town, principal- ly on 4 Streets, which cross each other at right angles, and form a square upon which stands the State Plouse. It contains a bank, an academy, and 2 houses of vvoiship, and nearly 1000 inhabitants. 21 278 STATE ROABS, MARYLAND. No. 1. From Baltimore to Hanover, TOWNS, &c. si Uookstown, 6 Reisterstown, 11 17 Manchester, 14 31 Pennsylvania state line, 4 35 Hanover, - _ - 6 41 No. 2. T^rom Baltimore to Chambersburg and Hun- tin ff don, Pa. Keisterstown, 17 Westminster, [a] 11 28 Pennsylvania State Line, 12 40 Petersburg, 2 42 Gettysburg, [6] 10 52 Marsh Creek, 3 55 Conococheague Creek, 11 66 Chambersburg, 11 77 Cross Conococheai^ue Creek, to Clark's Gap, N.^ Mountain, - 10 87 Fannetsburg, 8 95 Top of Tuscarora Mountain, - 2 97 Top of Shade Mountain, 10 107 Shirleysburg, 9 116 Cross Angwick Creek, 1 117 Drakes Ferry, Juniatta River, - 9 126 Cross Standing Sone Creek to Huntingdon, [c] 11 ia7 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, ^C. 279 [a] Frederick county, Maryland j a pleasant town ; built »o sily on one street, and has a bank and printing office. [6] Capital of Adams county, Pennsylvania, on a branch of Rock Creek, which flows into the Monocacy. It contains the county buildings, a bank, and some trade. [c] Capital of Huntingdon copnty, Pennsylvania, on N. side of Juniatta ; the village has a population of about 700 ; the town* phip, nearly 2000. It is a pleasantly situated town, and coo. tains the county buildings, a bank, and 4 houses of worship.- 'ISO STATE ROADS. MARYLAND — Continued, No. 3. From Baltimore to Piitshuro, TOWNS, &C. 11 lis Gwin's Falls, - 3 Ellicott's Mills, - 7 10 Cross Patapsco River to Spring, [d\ Parr Spring, Poplar 17 4 27 31 New Market, 6 36 Monocacy River, Fredericktown, - 6 4 41 45 Pittsburg, as in N. Wn. Route, 177 222 No. 4. JVom Baltimore to Winchester and Staun- ton, Va. and thence to Knoxville, Tenn. Fredericktown, as abovcj . 43 Newton, . - 7 62 Harper^ Ferry, - - 14 66 Cross Potomac River to Charles- ton Va. - [;'] Kent county, Maryland, on Chester river, about 16 miles from its confluence with the Chesapeake. It was formerly a place of considerable business, contains a courthouse, 2 church" 8S, and the buildings of Washington College, which are used for a Latin and English school, with an annual donation frem the State of 800 dollais. 2;86 STATE ROADS. MARYLAND — Continued, No. 10. From Baltimore to RockviUe, Maryland. TOWNS, &c. 11 lis If Unify Town, as in last No. Rockville or Montgomery C. H. 12 27 39 No. 11. From Baltimore to Denton, Cross Chesapeake Bay, Sharkstown, Kent L - Queenstown, Hillsborough, Denton, 5 8 12 6 41 46 55 66 72 No. 12. From Annapolis [k] to Fort Washington. Queen Ann, Upper Marlboro', Fort Washington, 9 20 13 22 42 No. 13. From Annapolis to St. Leonard's and Drum Point. London Town, Pig Point, L©wer Marlborou"jb, - 6 12 18 12 §0 DESCRIPTION Of TOWNS, &C. 287 [k] City and port of entry, Anne Arundel county, Maryland, on S. W. side of the Severn, 2 miles from its mouth. It is the seat of the State Legislature, and has an elevated healthy situ- ation commanding a fine view of the Chesapeake Bay. It con- tains a handsome large State House, a markethouse, theatre^ bank, and 2 houses of Worship. The shipping of Annapolis amounts to ftbx)ut 2,000 tons. Population 2,260. 288 STATE ROADS. MARYLAND Coi itinued. TOWNS, &c. 0,3 Hi Is- Hunting Town, Port Frederick, Su Leonards^ Drum Pointy - • 10 2 12 10 40 42 64 64 No. 14. From Easton to SnowhilL Cambridge, [/] - - 19 Middletown, .. - 9 28 Vienna, - - 9 37 Salsbury, [m' - - 13 50 Snowhill, - - 18 68 No. 15. From Kingstown^ Maryland^ to Princess Ann and Leivistoivn, Delaware. Academy, 4 Princess Ann, [«] 5 y Trap, 6 13 Salisbury, 8 23 Lawrcl, 15 38 Georgetown, 18 56 Lewistovvn, [o] 20 76 DESCRIPTIQX GF TOWNS, 8^C. 28^ [I] Capital of Dorchester county, Maryland, on S. side of the Choptank. It contains tlie county buildings, a bank, and an academy, and 2 places of worship ; the town is much on the decline. The Choptank rises in Delaware, and runs through Maryland, into the Chesapeake, South of Tilghman's Island. [m] Port of entry, Somerset county, Maryland, between the two principal branches of the Wicomico. It has considerable trade in lumber and some manufactures, and about 100 houses. The Wicomico river rises in Delaware, and falls into the Ches-' apeake S. of tiie Naiiticoke. [n] Princess Antie, capital of Somerset county, Maryland, one of the handsomesc towns on the K. Shore, but rather un- healthy. It contains a court house and a handsome building that was built for a bank, an academy, 2 places of worship, and about one hundred dwelling houses. [o] Post-town, Sussex co. Delaware, on Lewes creek, 3 m. from its entrance into Delaware bay ; 3 WNW. Cape Henlo* pen light house, 112 S. Philadelphia, W. 150. It has an eleva- ted and pleasant situation, and contains an academy, a Pres- byterian and a Methodist meeting house, and nearly 100 houses. It was formerly the seat of justice for the county. — Here are salt works about 10,000 feet in extent, for the pur- pose of manufacturing salt by the sun. They are esteemed a curiosity. 290 STATE ROADS. MARYLAND Coiiclu lied. No. 16. From Fredericktown to Marlborough Nottingam, and TOWNS, Lc. = c- ■= = — 'r. 14 16 9 Rockville, Bladensburg, Marlborough, Nottingham, - 28 42 58 67 No. 17. i^rom Elkton, [p] Maryland, to Easton, and thence to Gold sho rough's Island, Warwick, Sassafras Tov/n, Massy's Cross Roads, Bridgetown, Church Hill, Centrevilie, Hookton, East on, [q] Hole in the wall, Trap, Cambridge^ [/] Churchtown, ( joldsboro's I., 5 3 11 9 20 o O 8 o O 8 8 21 18 21 26 29 40 49 69 72 80 83 91 99 120 rT^scRirTioN OF towns, &:c. 291 \p] Capital of Cecil county, Maryland, on Elk river at the head of navigation, 20 milfs above the entrance into the Ches- apeake. The town has fallen very much into decay. Besides the county buildings, it has an academy and a bank, [g] Capital of Talbut county, Maryland, on Tread Haven Creek, 13 niiles, above its confluence with the Choptank. It i? a flourishing town, and has cotisiderable trade. Here are a courthouf-e, a uiarkethouse, and 3 houses of worship. \r] The capital of Dorchester county, Maryland, on S. side of the Choptank, 18 miles above its entrance into tne Ches.ipeake It has a low flat situation, and contains the county buildinjfs, 2 churches, a market house, and an academy incorporated, and endowed with an annual income of 6o0 dol- lars. Population, 1,300. 292 STATE R0AD3. VIRGINIA, No. 1. From Norjolk to Richmond: by Steamboat TOWNS, &C. ll Mouth of Elizabeth River, 9 Days Point, 10 19 Hog Ishuid, 16 35 Swans Point, 9 44 Chickahomany River, 4 48 Fort Powhatan, 21 69 Eppes' Island, 17 86 Chesterfield, 23 109 Richmond, 13 122 No. 2. From Norfolk to Richmond; by Land* Mouth of Elizabeth River, Cross Hampton Roads to Hamp ton, [.'j] Half Way House, York, [t] - - Williamsburg, [w] Chiswell, Cumberland, Chickahomany River, RirflMOND, 11 10 12 14 16 16 14 17 28 38 50 64 80 96 110 Sic. 293 [s] Capital of Elizabeth City county, Virginia, at the head of a bay which runs up north from the mouth of James river, called Hampton Road. It is a pleasant little town, containing about 50 houses; a steamboat passes twice every day from jNorfolk to Hampton ; the shipping of the latter port amounts to upwards of 2,0C0 tons. [/] Or Yorktown, port of entry, and capital of York county, on 'j. side of York river ; the Harbour here is one of the best in Virginia ; the nver is here contracted to the width of a mile and enclosed by high banks. The town has gone much to de- cay, but is famous as being the place ^here the Americans cap- tured the Biitish troops under Lord Cornwallis, October 19tb, 1781 ■[u] Formerly the seat of govern-ment for the State of Vir- ginia, in James city county, situated between two rivulets, ene of which flows into York, and the others into James river. It is regularly laid out, and contain a State house, court- house, jail, hospital, college, and an Episcopal church. Most of the houses are in a dilapidated state, and the town generally in decay The college of William and Mary was founded here in 1691, and endowed by King William with £2,000 and 20,000 acres of land, with additional revenue, from other sources, but the income is now greatly diminished. The College contains a library of 3,000 volumes, and a valuable philosophical appa- ratus. 25* 294 STATE ROADS VIRGIN I A — Continued* No. 3. Fro7n JS^orfolk to Petersburg ; hy Steamboat. TOWNS, fcc. ij 1 10 Eppes Island, as in No. 1 , Outlet, of Appomatox, River, [v] Petersburg, 8t5 87 97 No. 4. Fiotn Norfolk to Petersburg; by Land. Cross Elizabeth R. to Portsmouth, 1 Mansemond River, [w] . 17 18 Smithfield, * 10 28 Surry C. H. " • 21 49 Cabin Point, . _ 16 65 Merry Oaks, - ~ 12 77 Petersburg, - 15 92 No. 5. From Norfolk to Warrenton, North Carolina, Portsmoutii, [x] - 1 Suffolk, « 27 28 Southampton C. II. - - 22 50 Cross Nottavvav River, - Cross Meherrin River to Mu) frees- borouf(h, - 18 68 Rock Landing, Lower F alls of Ro- anoke, - 30 98 Warren ton, [?/] 31 129 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 295 [v] Appomatox river rises in Campbell county, Virginia, and has an Easterly course of about 120 miles, when it unites with the James River at City point. It is navigable to Petersburg. [w] Nanfcemond river runs into Hampton Road. It is naviga- ble for vessels of 100 tons to Suffolk, and for those of 25u t» ijleepy Hole. [x] Norfolk county, Virginia, opposite Norfolk, the distance of 1 mile on the S. W. side of Elizabeth river, having one port of entry for both places. Portsmoutb is pleasantly situated, and contains a courthouse, jail, sugar refinery, an academy, and 4 houses of worship \y\ Capital of Warren county, N. Carolina, 56 miles N. N, K. of Raleigh, containing the county buildings, a ctiurch, and 2 academies. It has an elevated and healthy situation ; about 2 mile^ E, of the to\v^n there is a mineral spring. 2^0 STATE ROAt)S« VIRGINIA — Continued. No. 6. From Norfolk to Raleigh, K C\ hy 1 Tarhoro\ TOWNS, &C. II E . ^Q "P Suffolk, as before, 28 N. Carolina State Line, 11 39 Constant's, 10 49 Mitchels, 6 55 Parkers, 5 60 Edenton, 17 77 Cross Albemarle Sound, to Mac- kees Ferrv, 10 87 Plymouth, 14 101 Jameston, 12 113 Williamston, 11 124 Cross Tar Kivcr to Tarhorongh, 34 158 Li tic River, 4a 206 Neiise River, 11 217 Raleigh, G 253 No. 7. From Norfolk to Fayetteville, hy the Canal and Albemarle Sound. Enter Dismal Swamp, [z] N. Carolina State Line, Pasquotank River, Elizabeth City, [a] 8 13 21 10 31 12 43 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &€. 297 [z] Dismal Swamp extends over iiearly 150,000 acres, com" menciDg a little S. of Norfolk, in Virginia, and terminating in N. Carolina. It is 3o miles long from N. to S. and 10 broad. This tract is entirely covered with trees, except a lake 7 miles in length near tiie centre called Drummond's Pond. The Pas- ijuotank flows from this Lake South, and the Nansemond North. [a\ Camden county, N. Carolina, on the nanows of Pasquo-. tank liver, IS miles from Pamlico Sound. Smnll vessels come up to \he town, which is favourably situated, and has consid- erable business. 293 STATE ROADS. VIRGINIA- Continued, TOWNS, 8CC. lis By Steamboat, Wade's Point, Albemarle Sound, 17 60 Mouth of Roanoke River, TM 45 105 Plymouth, [c] 8 113 By Land, Jameston, - 13 126 Wiiliamston, - 10 136 Tarborouoh, [d] - 32 168 Stauntonsburg, Cross Little River, . 28 196 - 16 212 Ncuse River, - 10 222 Black River, . 21 2-13 Cape Fear River, - 18 261 rayetteville, •' 2 263 No. 8. From Norfolk to Fayetteville, by Neivbern. Plymouth, as in last No. - 113 Hoof Inn, . - 5 118 Jacksons Inn, - - 11 129 Washington, - - 19 148 Cross Pamlico River, . - 1 149 Kings Inn, - -- 14 163 Neuse River, - - 10 173 Newbern^ [e] - - 10 183 Trenton, - « 20 203 Rhodes, - - 11 214 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, (^C. 2dj [b\ Roanoke river, is formed by the union of the Staunton and the Dan, the former of which rises in Virginia, and the latter N. Carolina, and flows into the Albemarle Sound. Thfl river is navigable for vessels of considerable burden 30 or 40 rniles, and for boats 70 miles to the Falls, and for those of only 5 tons, 200 miles above the falls. The Roanoke flows through the richest and most fertile part of N. Carolina. [c\ Capital of Washington county, N. Carolina, near the mouth of Roanoke river ; the shipping belonging to this port amounis to about 1,500 tons. [d] Capital of Edgecombe county, IV. Carolina, on the river Tar, containing a bank, courthouse, and academy, and upwards of 6oO inhabitants. This town is a depot for large quantities of country produce, beef, corn, tobacco, Sec. which is brought here for exportation. [e] A flourishing town, and the capital of Craven county, N. Carolina, on VV. bank of the Neuse, containing a court- house, a jail, a theatre, a masonic hall, 2 banks, an academy, a public library, and 4 Ijouses of worship, and 6000 inhabitants. This town is the largest in N. Carolina, handsomely built, and considered a healtiiy situation. It is a place of considerable com- merce ; the shipping owned here amounts to upwards of 4000 tons. An excellent steamboat plies between Newbern and Elizabeth city, connected with the stages from Charleston, S. Carolina, and with the stages and steam boats to the northward. By this line the route from Norfolk to Charleston is performed in 7 days, fJistance 800 miles. '.TOO STATE ROADS. V iRGiNiA — Continued. TOWNS, &c. II V b. lis Cross N. E. Branch of Cape Feai River to Halls, Six Runs, Bi^ Coharry, South Fiiver, Cape Fear River, FaueUeville, [/] 7 22 10 J6 13 9 221 243 253 269 282 284 No. 9. Froin Norfolk to Chariest on. South- Carolina, by the Coast, asnington, Rhodes, as in last No, - Cross N. E. Branch of Cape Fear River to S. W Re -cross N. E. Branch Hermitage, Wilmington, [«■] Cross N. E. Branch Cape Fear to 24 21 3 6 214 238 259 262 268 Main Branch Cape Fear River, 3 271 Brunsvvick, - - 15 286 Smilhvilie, - - 12 298 Varennes, . - 26 324 On the Sands, - ^ 13 337 Cross Great Pedee River, to Georgetown > - 20 337 N. Branch, Santee River, - 14 371 South Branch, do. - m 2 373 DESCRIhTION OF TOW^^S, (^C. 301 [f] Fayptteville, post-town and cap. Cuinber'and co. N.C., on W. side of the NVV. branch of Cape Fear river ; 60 S. Ral- eigh, 95 NW. \Vilmini>ion, 119 ESE. Salisbury, l58 NE Co- kjmbja, 196 N. by E. Charleston, VV. 348. Lon. 97. 6. W, Lat. 3t. 2. N Pop. in 1800, 1,656 ; in 1820, 3,532. It is the most commercial town in N. C, and has a pleasant and ad- vantageous situation, nearly a mile from Cape Fear river.-^ The Cape Fear Company have lately cleared the river of logs and sand shoals, in order to render it navigable for steam boats; iand have constructed a canal from the river through the town, so that boats may lie along by the side of the ware-houses. It contains a court house, a town house, an academy, a masonic hail, 3 banks, one of which is a branch of the U. S. bank, and 3 houses of public worship. Several of the public buildings are large and elegant. The town is regularly laid out, and the principal streets are 100 feet wide. Two weekly newspapers are published here. Great quantities of produce, consis-ing of cotton, tobacco, flour, wheat, flaxseed, corn, hemp, naval stores, itc. are collected here, and conveyed in boats down the river to Wilmington. The situation of the town is healthful, and favourable for trade and manufactures. The land around is considerably elevated, and the soil dry and barren, except on the water courses, where it is rich. [g] Wilmington, capital of \ew-Hanover cc, N. C, is si- tuated on the E. side of Cape Fear river, just below the conflu- ence of the N. E, and N. W. branches, about 35 miles from the sea. It is favourably situated for trade, but is accounted unhealthy. The town contains the county buildings, an acad- emy, 2 banks, a printing office, and 3 places of worship. Po- pulation, about 2,000, 26 302 STATE ROADS'. VIRGINIA — ContinuecL TOWNS, &:c. Tweeden Cottons, Wepetau Church, Greenwich, Cross Coo pers R.to Chaklkston 10 17 15 4 '6QS 400 415 419 No. 10. From Bichiwyid to the Warm Springs^ and thence to the Falls of Kenhaivay River and Gallipofis, 0. A Stage Road to Staunton. Goochland Countj Lin€ > - 20 Fluvanna County Line, - ss 53 Gordonsville, - 12 Q^b Cross Rivanna River, to Milton, 12 77 Monticello, [h' - 3 80 Charlottesville, [i' - 2 82 Staunton, - 38 120 Cloverdale, - 28 148 Green Vallev, - 10 158 Warm Sprin^^s or Bath, r/1 - 13 171 Hot Sprino^s. [k] - 5 176 Jacksoii^s River, - 12 188 Bowers, - 29 217 Green Briar River, - 6 223 Lewisburg, - 4 227 Gaiiley Mountain, - 48 275 Great Falls of Kenhaway, [/] - 5 280 Burning Spring, - 16 296 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 303 -T , , - . . • :_ ■ ■ t — ■ ._. \h] Monticello, a conical hiJ), on which is the seat of the Hon. Thoiiras Jefferson, late i'resirlent of the U. S., in Albe- marle CO. Va. ; 2 SE. Charlottesville. Loti. 78. 48. W. Lat. 38i 8. ]V. The summit on rv-hicl^ tlu; house stands, is 580 ieet above the Rivanna at its base, and affords an extensive and beautiful prospect. It has a rich red soil, under excellent cultivation. [?'] Charlottesville, post town, and caj). .Albemarle fo, Vn.; 40 ESE. Staunton, SGVVX'r. Richmond, W. 134. Lon. 78. 52, W. Lat. 38. 2. N. It is very pleasanilj' sitinited, and coiJt;iins an elegant roiirt house, a jail, and 100 to 15^ houses. It is 1 mile fnun the Rivanna, and is laid out in squares of three or four acres. The Universitj' of Virginia was established here by the Legislature in 1817. The buildings comprise 10 pavilions for the accommodation of professors ; 109 dormitories, , and 6 hotels for the lodging and dieting of the students. The whole expense of the buildings is stated at jg 20-^710. The site is a little distance out of the village, and occupies 200 acres. The institution is to receive annually from the Virginia* literary fund the sum of ^15,000. \ j ] Warm Spring Mountains, or Jackson's Mountains, ridge of the Alleghany mountains,, in Bath and Pendleton cos., Va. remarkable fur warm springs. Warm Spring, in B.ath co., is- sues in a very hold stieam, sufficient to work a grist mill, and to keep its bas-in, whicli is 30 feet in diameter, at tlie vital warmth, viz. 96 deg. of Fahrenheit. The waters afford the finest natural bath known in America, and are useful for the rheumatism, and some other complaints. It rains here 4 or 5 days in a week. Here is a post office. [^J Hot Springs, in Bath co. Va. ; 7 &W. Warm Springs. The water at this spring has been so hot as to boil an egg. It raises the thermometer to 112 deg., and is useful in some complaints. Here is a post office ; W. 130, [/] Kenawha, or Kenhavva, r. Va., which has its sources in the western part of N. C, and flows through the western part of Vnginia, in a north westerly direction, and joins the Ohio at Mount Pleasant, 8? miles below Marietta, and 263 below Pittsburg. It receives Green Brier river in the western part of Monioe co., and about 40 m. below the jun(,tion, it has a re- markable cataract, falling perpendicularly 50 feet. There are salt works on the river, a little above the town of Charlestowo. The river is uavigable most of the year. t04 STATE ROADS. V I R G I N I A — Continued. TO W.N S, &C, 5^S Halt Works^ Charleston, Cross Elk River to Indian Mound, Buffalo, Point Pleasant, Mouth of Kenha- wa River, (iallipolis, [nij - -__ 7 3 5 18 30 4 303 306 311 329 359 363 No. 11. From Richmond to Lexington, by the Mouth of Sandy River, on the Ohio, Salt Works on Kenaway River, as in last No. Cross Kenaway R. to Coal River, Cross Guiandot R. to Guiandot, Cross Sandy River, Kentucky State Line, to Cattlesburg, - Little Sandy River, Tygert's Creek, Licking River, Mount Sterling, Winchester, Springhill, Lexington, [n] 303 12 313 40 355 12 367 22 389 18 407 28 435 24 459 13 472 6 478 13 491 l>ESClxirTION OF TOWNS, Lc, 305 [ml Gallipoius, Fost-towr., & capital Gallia county, Ohio. unNW. side of ilie Oliio, 3 miles below Jho Great Ktuhawa, :.l SE. Chillicotijc, i68 belo«- Pitti.bur,i;, VV. 339. Population, 830. It is plcasciwtl}' situated on an elevaK;d bank ol the riv- er, and contjtius a court-house, u jail, amd an academy. [ii] Lexington, p(JSt-town, and cap. Rockbriiige co. V*a., en IS. branch of Jan^.es river; 35 SSVV. Slaunlon, 38 NiNVV. I.ynchburg, 150 W. llichniond, W. 2i!'J. It has a liandsonm town, finely i-ituated, and contains a court house, a jail, a fe- j,nale academy, a Presbyle.iian meeting house, a college, and upwards of lUO dwelling tiousss. Near the totX'n is an arsenal belonging to the stale of Virginia, containing 20,000 nuisktus for tlic use of the militia in the western pari of the state. Th« surroumiing country is fertile and well cultivated. Washingicni coileg";', atUhis place, was oiiginally incorporat- e-cl as an aca(.lemy, in 17;;,2, under th«j name of Liberty Hall Academy; and in 1813, it was erected into a collrge, called Washington collage, from Gen. Washington, who presented to the in.^titution 100 shares in the James river canal, amountinir, to J^ 20,000. This stock for a number of years was unproduc- tive, but since the late war, it has become very valuable, and by an arrangement with the legislature, in 1820, the stockiiol- ders are to receive 12 per cent, per annum. Thjre are 2 col- lege buildings of biick, 60 feet by 20, of 2 stories, a steward's iiouse, and a refectory. In addition to these buildings, ther Irustees contemplate erecting a large college ediiice, The col- lege has a philosophical apparatus, and a library of about 2,000 volumes. The board of trustees consists of 20 members. The executive govirni\ient is entrusted to a president, who is also professor of belles letters and mathematics, a professor of natural philosophy and astronomy, a professor of languages, and (uie tutor. The number of students is usually fioni 40 to »>0. Tlieie is a granmiar school connected with the college. 2C* 306 STATE ROADS, V 1 R G I N I A — LontinueiL No. 12. From Richmond to Lewishurg^ by Liberty and Ftncastle. TOWNS, &:c. si Is lit Manchester, [o] 1 Coal Mines, 14 15 Scottsville, 17 32 Cumberland C. H. - 24 66 Majsville, ^ 28 84 Duguidsville, - 18 102 Lynchburg, 19 121 New London, [p] - 12 133 Liberty, 25 158 Top of Blue Ridge, ~ 12 170 Fiiicastle, 18 188 Middle Mountain, 22 210 Sweet Springs, [9' 10 220 Union Town, Sulphur Springs, 20 240 Lewisburgj 16 256 No. 13. From Richmond to Knoxville, Tennessee, by Lynchburg and Salem, Lynchburg, as in last No. 121 Liberty, as in do. 37 158 Top of Blue Ridge, - 12 170 Salem, 23 193 Knoxville, as in S. Western Route, 266 459 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &iC, 3 07 [o] MaiK'hester, post-town, Chesterfield county, Virginia, on James River, opposite Ridimoiiri, with which it is connected b}' two bridges ; Washington, 1:25. It is pleasantly situated, and is a considerable town. [p] New-London, posi-town, Can)pbell county, Virginia ; 15 S. W. Lynchburg, T^o WSVV. Richmond, Washington, 219. — It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and about 13D houses. 1 9] Sweet Springs, 1)0st-vil1age, Munroe county, Virginia; 28 SE. Lewisburg ; 42 SW. Warm Springs, Wasiiington, 272. This place is celebrated for its mineral waters, whicb-are niucii resorted to. .108 STATE ROAD?. VIRGINIA- Contimied, No. 14 From Richmond to Danville^ N.C, TOWNS, kc. s = 1^1 X '■£ 2|6 Mcinchestcr, ^ 1 Hopkinsville, - 19 20 Scottsviile, - \"1 M Ballsville, - 15 47 Felixville, - 9 66 Farmville, - 25 81 Charlotte, - 27 108 Coles Ferry* - 14 122 Cross Roanoke River to Pittsjlva- Ilia, [r\ - 30 152 Cross Banister River, - - Cross Dan River, to Danville, [s] 20 172 No. 15. From Richmo7id to Matthews Court-House, Cumberland, as in No. 2. - 30 Delaware C. H. - 15 45 Gloucester C. H. - 20 Q5 Maithews C. H. [/] - - 12 11 No. IG. From Richmond to Wibamm. Paniunky Kive^r, King and Qucca C. IF Wibanna, 19 20 2(i 45 ^8 BESCRIPTION OF TOW:^^S, kc» S0& [r] Pittsylvania, county, S. side of Virginia ; bounded N. by Bedford and Campbell countie?:, E. by HHlifax county, S. by North-Carolina, and W. by Henry and Franklin counties; Washington, 274. Population, in 1810, 17,172 ; slaves, 6,312. Populatirn, in 1820, 21,323. Chief town, Danville. i*j Post-town, Pittsylvania co. Va., on the river Dan, 130 miles by water, and 116 by land above the great falls of the Roanoke, about 70 S. by W. Lynchburg, 150 SW. by W. Rich- mond, VV. 291. Lon. 19. 25. W. Lat. 36. 34. N. Pop. in 1818^ about 500. It contained, in l8l8, an academy, a printing office, 3 warehouses for the inspection of tobacco, a flour inspection, 3 saw mills, a manufacturing mill, and some others, most of them very recently erected. It is situated at the falls of the .Dun, on a wids and beautiful plain, rising gradually from the river to a high eminence, which commands an extensive and picturesque prospect, embracing a view of the falls, the gentle current of the river below, and the verdant hills and cultivated fields of the suriounding country. The improvements projected a few years since in the navigation of the Dan above this place, and at the falls of the Roanoke, opening a direct water com- munication with Korfolk, gave a sudden start to the prosperi- ty of Danville. The Roanoke Navigation Company have con- structed a canal which locks around the falls, with a basin formed in the centre of the town, safe and convenient for the batteaux navigation of the river. Danville is becoming the upland depot of an extensive commerce, embracing not only the adjacent fertile districts of Virginia and North Carolina, but also a great part of East Teniiessee. The articles of commerce consist of wheat, flour, tobacco, cotton, whiskey, brandy, In- dian corn, beef, pork, butter, poultry, lumber, and iron. Bat- teaux carrying froni 8 to 12 hogsheads of tobacco, and from 30 to 40 barrels of flour, have a convenient navigation from this place to the falls of the Roanoke. [/] Matthews, county, Virginia, bounded N. by Plankatank river, wiiich separates it from Middlesex county, E. by the Chesapeake bay, S. by Mockjack bay, and SW. by Gloucester county. Population, in 1810, 4,227, slaves 2,068. Population in 1820, 6,920. 3J0 STATE RGABS. V I R G I N I A — Con tin ued. No. 17. From Richmond to KichM07ul Court-House, y TOWNS, he. li Hanover, [ii' ^ 24 Dunkirk - 16 40 Tappabannock, [v] — 26 68 lliehrnond C. 11. - 9 75 No. 18. From Richmond to King Geoi ge^s r^. IIousp. Chickahoiniiij River, [xv\ - 10 Hanover C. H. - 10 20 Cross Pamunky River, to White Chimnies, - 10 30 Cross Mattapony River, [.i] - 8 38 Bowling Green, ^ 6 44 Port Royal, [y] - 12 66 King George C. H. - 7 G3 No. la From Petersburg to Lynchb urg. Mansfield, _ 30 Amelia C. II. [z] - 9 39 Prides ville, ^ 3 42 Pancsville, - 7 49^ .Jamestown, - 10 69 Faiajvillcj - 10 m DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 311 [m] Hanover, co. Va., bounded NE. by Spnttsylvania, Car«- line, and King William cos., E. by New Kent co., S. by He»- rico, SW. by Goochland co., and W. by Louisa co. ; W. 103» Pop. in 1810, 15,0!32; slaves, b,454. Pop. in 1820, 15,267. [I'J Tapf)ahannock, port of entry and capital Essex county^ Virginia, on SW. bank of the Rappahannock; 55 ESE. Fre- dericksburg, 50 NE. Richmond, W. 117. Long. 76 57 W. Lat. 38 2 N. Population about 600. Its situation is low and uii- healthy. It contains a court-house, « jail, and an Episcopal church. All the shipping belonging to the towns on the Rap- pahannock, is ente-red at the custom-house of this place. It amounted, in 1816, to 7,625 tons. Very little of it belonged to this town. [to] Chickahominy river, Virginia, which runs into the Jamee river, 6 NW. James-town. It is navigable for boats CO miles. \x] Mattapony river, Virginia, which rises in Spotsylvania county, rune SE. and unites with Pamunky river, below the town of Delaware, to form York river. It is navigable for boats 70 mile«. [p] Port Royal, post-town, Caroline county, ' Virginia, on the Rappahannock ; 20 SE. Fredericksburg, Washington 80. — It was once a place of considerable trade, but is now in a s^tate tif decay. It contains a brick church, and about 50 houses. — Kappahanjiock academy is situated about 3 m. W. of the town. It has some funds, a respectable library, and usually GO or 70 students. [s] Amelia, co. Va. SW. Richmond ; bounded N. by the Appomatox, SE. by Dinwiddie co., S. by Nottoway co., and VV. by Prince Edward co. Pop. in 1810, 10,594; slaves, 7,186. W. 185. 312 STATE ROADS. VIRGINIA — Continued. TOWNS, &LC. 0! £ II llr Leicester, Hermitage, Lynchburir, 12 3 24 81 84 108 No. 20. From Petersburg to Halifax, Nottoway River, Hicksford, Halifax, [a] 18 24 30 48 72 No. 21. Fro??i Petersburg to Danville, by Milton. Morgaiiville, - _ 40 Nottavvay, - - 9 49 Hungary Town, - - 13 62 Pleasant Grove, - - 7 69 Wyliesburg, - . 30 99 Cross Roanoke R. r^i to Bannister 12 111 Medleys, - - 10 121 Cross Roanoke Ri ver, to Milton, 17 138 Danville, - . 21 159 No. 22. From Abingdo7i[c] to Cumberland Gap. Cross the Mountains and Holston River, to Estelsville, Clinch River, [d] 20 35 55 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, ilC, S\3 " ■'■ ■ L - S ■ ■ ■ — [a\ Halifax, co. S. side of Va., bounded N. by Campbell and Charlotte cos., E. by Mecklenburg co., S. by N. C, ajid W. bv Pittsylvania CO. Pop, in 1810, 22,133; slaves, 9,663. Pop. in 1820, 19,060. C. H. 262. Near the C. H. there is an aca- demy. [b] Roanoke, r. N. C. which is formed by the Union of the Staunton and the Dan, the former of which rises in Virginia, and the latter in N. C, and flows into Albemarle sound, Lon. 76. 56. W. Lat. 35. 58. N. It is navigable for vessels of con- siderable burden 30 or 40 miles, and for boats of 30 or 40 tons 10 the falls, 70 miles, and for boats of 5 tons for the distance of 200 miles above the falls. The country watered by this river is extremely fertile. Below the falls towards the mouth, vast quantities of Indian corn are raised; and the planters are among the wealthiest in the state. Improvements have lately been made in the navigation of this river by constructing canals around the falls; opening a water communication between Norfolk, Va., and the interior of N.C., and the southern part of Virginia. [c] Abingdon, post-town, and cap. Washington co , Va. ; 320 WSW. Richmond. W. 404. Lat. 36. 37. N. It has a court-house, market-house, Presbyterian church, and a jail. Here is a remarkable cave. [d] Clinch river, Tennessee, which rises in Va., and runs SW. into the Tennessee, at Kingston. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and navigable for boats 200 miles. ai4 STATE ROADS, VIRGINIA — Continued. TOWNS, &C. 1- / 1 = IF Po\yel's River, Jonesville, Cumberland Gap, [e] - 30 5 40 83 90 130 No. 23. Fro?w Fredericksburg to Winchester, Falmouth, - ^ 1 Alcock, • - - 10 11 Elkruu Church, - - 10 21 Warrenton, [/] - - 15 36 Ash, - - 16 52 Mil wood. - - 21 IS Winchester, [if] - - 11 84 No. 24. From Washington City to Wheelingj hi^ Morgantown, Fairf\ix, []{] ^ 14 Aldie, - 18 32 Middleburg, - y 41 Upperville, - 8 49 Cross Blue Rid^e, [i] - - Cross Shenandoah River, - 56 W^inchester, - 14 70 Top of N. Mountain, - - 8 78 Top of Timber Ridge, 13 91 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 315 [e] Cumberland Gap, pass, through the Cumberland moun- tains, in Claiborne co, Tennessee ; 130 S.Lexington, l8o Mur- freesborough, W. 527. Here is a post-office. [ / ] VVarrenton, post-town, and cap. Fauquier co. Va.; 40 NNW. Fredericksburg, VV. 41. It is a pleasant and Iiandsome village, and contains a court-house, a jail, and 2 houses of public worship. [g] Winchester, post-town, borough and cap. Frederick co. Va., 30 SVV. Harper's Ferry, 70 WNW. Washington, 95 NE. «iauntOn, 168 NNW. Richmond. Lnn. 77. 28 W. Lat. 39. 9. 3V. Pop. 2,870. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out in square?, is a handsome and flourishing town, and contains a courthouse, a jail, an alms house, a markethouse containing a ^eemasons' hall, 2 banks, 2 academies, 1 for males, and 1 for females, 2 printing offices, from each of which is issued a weekly newspaper, 6 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyte- rians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for German Lutherans, 1 for Bap- tists, 1 for Mfthodists, and 1 for Roman Catliolics, npwardsof 350 dwelling houses:, partly of brick and stone, and partly of ■wood, and 50 buildings occupied as manufactories and work- shops. It has a variety of manufactures, and.carJ-ies on con- siderable trade. The principal street is well paved. The town is supplied with excellent water by an aqueduct. It is much resorted to in summer on account of its salubrity^ and -the numerous mineral springs in the vicinity, and in the adja- cent counties. [h] Fairfax, co. \. part of Va., bounded N and E. by the Potomac, S. by Prince William co., and W. by Loudoun co. ; Pop. in 1810, 13,111; slaves, 5,942. Pop. in 18-,'0, 11,404. Chief town, Centreville. [t] Blue Ridge, or South Mountains, the eastern range of the Alleghany mountains, branching oft' from the main range in Korth Carolina, crossing the state of Virginia, and extending lo the Highlands on tiie Hudson, J!»f, Y. Tiie »aost noted stJin- Mits^are tbc Peah of OUtr, 316 STATE ROADS VIRGINIA — Continued. TOWNS, &:c. H u a Ml Great Cacapon River to Romney, 19 no Cross S. Branch of the Potomac, 39 149 Briery Mountain, 20 169 Cross Cheat River, to Kingsioood, 5 174 Morgan town, 24 198 Pa. State Line, 11 209 Newton, 7 216 Cross S. Fork of Ten Mile Creek, to Wajnesburg, 8 224 N. Fork of Wheeling Creek, - 17 241 West Alexandria, 10 251 Wheeling, [j] 13 264 No. 25. From Washington City to Harper 's Fe; rry. Prospect, [k\ 14 Leesburg, H\ 24 38 Hillsborough, 12 50 Harper\s Ferry, 7 57 No. 26. From Washington City to Marietta, Ohio, by Winchester, [m] Virginia. Kingsiuooii, as in No 24, (174 Cross E. Forkof Monongahela, [n] to Prunty Town, 26 200 Clarksburg, [oj 16 216 DESCRITTION OF TOWXS, (kc. SIT \ j] Wheelinsr, p-t, Oiiio co. Va. on the Ohio, at the mouth of the Wheeling ; 8 K. St. Clairsville, 2!'. W. by S. VVn&hiug- toii, Pa. 9.5 miles below Pittsbmg, 130 \VN\V. Cuniberlanri, 370 NW. Richmond, W. 270. It is built on a iiigii bank, prin- cipall}' on one street, and contains a toini-house, a jail, a niai- ket-bouse, a bank, a church, about 200 houses, and lias some trade and manufactures. The Cumberland road, lately operi- ed, reaches the Ohio at this p'ace. [Ic] Prospect Hill, post-village, Fairfax county, V^iiginia ; 14 W. VVat^hington. [I] Post-town, ond cap. Lotuioun co. Va., near Goose creek; 3 miles from the Potomac, 33 IV W. Washington, Pop. JJOO or 1,000. It contains a court ho»..se, a jail, a market house, an academy, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians,' 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists. fm] Winchester, post-town, borough, and capital, Frederick <:ouuty, Virginia; 30 SW Harper's Ferry, 70 AVNVV. Wash' ington, 95 NE. Staunton, IGU J^J]N^V. Puchuroud. Long 77 -28 W. Lat. 39 9 N. Population, 2,870. It is pleasantly si- tuated, regularly laid out in squares, is a handsome and flou- rishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, an alms-house, a market-house, containing a free-maso.us'>.all, 2 banks, 2 aca- demies, I for males, and 1 for females, 2 printing-offices, from coch of which is issued a weekly ijewRpaper, 6 houses of pub- lic worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Ger- man Lutherans 1 for BaptivSt?, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Roman Catholics, upwards of 350 dwelling-houses, partly of brick and stone, and partly of wood, and 50 buildings occupied as manufactories 4ind woik-shops. It has a variety of manu- factures, and carries on considerable trade. Tlie principal street is well paved. The town is sujjplied with excellent wa- ter by an PAjaedu<;t. It is much resorted to in summer on ac- count of its salubrity, and the numerous mineral springs in the vicinity, and in the adjacent counties. [71] Monongahela river, which rises from the Laurel Moun- tains in Virginia, runs N. into Pennsylvania, and unites with the Alleghany at Pittsburg, to form the Ohio. It is navigable for batteaux and barges to Brownsville, and still farther for ■lighter craft. Length, nearly 300 miles, [0] Clarksburg, post-town, and cap. Harrison co. Va., onE. ?ide of the Monongahela, 40 miles above Morgantown ; 325 A'W. Richmond. 313 STATE ROADS. V I R G I M A — Continued, TOWNS, he. Cross W. Branch, Mojiongahela River, Middleboun, Sistersville, Cross Ohio River, Newport, MarieUa,[ p] - - t is 2 32 8 1 13 15 218 250 258 259 272 287 No. 27. From Fredcrickshug [q] to New-Market, in the Valley, and thence to Parkersburg, on the Ohio River, 'Falmouth, . _ 1 Stephensburg, ,- - 30 31 Fairfax, - - 6 37 Woodville, ■- - J8 55 Mills, - - IG 71 Neiv Market, - - 14 85 Franklin, • - 45' 130 Beverly, - ~ 60 190 Buchannan, - m 22 212 Brido;eport, - - 13 225 Clarksburg, [r] - - 9 234 Salem, - - 12 246 Bulltown, - - 7 253 Marsh ville, . - 5 258 Parkcrsburg, - - 42 300 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, c\iC. 31*9 [p] Marietta, post-town j-.nd capital, Wasliington co. Ohio, on ibe Ohio, 178 mile3 by water, below pjitsburg, 287 above Cincinnati, 93 E, by N. Chillicotbe, 109 SE. Columbus, W. 307. Long. 81 19 VV. Lat. 39 25 N. It is pleasantly situated, im- mediately above the mouth of the IVIuskiogum, and contains a ourt house, a jail, a market house, a bank, an academy, a land office, a printing oflEice, 2 houses of public worship, about 20 stores, and 90 dwelling houses. A considerable jj^rt of this town experiences the inconvenience of being almost annual- 1}' overflowed by water. — Pop. of the township 2,136. — About l-2m. from the junction of the Muskingum with the Ohio, are Tcmains of extensive ancient works, consisting of walls and mounds of earth, in direct lines, and also in square and circu- lar forms. The largest square fort contains 40 acres, and is inclosed by a wall of earth, from 6 to 8 feet high, and from 25 to 36 wide, at the base. One of the mounds in the form of a sugar loaf, has a regular base, 115 feet in diameter, and is 30 feet in perpendicular height. [g] Fredericksburg, post-town, Spotsylvania co. Va., on SW. side of the Rappahannock; 70 miles above Tappahannoc, 68 N, Richmond, W. 58. Lon. 77. 38. W. Lat. 38. 34. N. Pop. in 1812, 2,550, and in 1817, 3,255. It is pleasantly situ- ated, regulavly laid out, and is one of the most healthy, flour- ishing, and commercial towns in the state. It contains a court- house, a jail, a spacious town house, a market house, a ma- sonic hall, a Lancasterian school, a tobacco warehouse, two banks, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 •f jr Presbyterians, one for Baptists, and one for Methodists, Nearly one hundred of the houses are of brick. It is the geat of the superior court of law and of chancery for the district. This towr -exports large quantities of corn and flour, and considerable quantities of tobacco, flaxspod, pease, and beans. The annual amount of exports is about ^4,000,000. On the waters of the Rappahaunoc within two miles of the town,, there are 8 flour mills. The river is navigable as far as this place for vessels of 130 or l40 tons, having 9^ feet of water. The shipping of this town is entered at the port of Tappahannoc. Much of the surrounding country is fertile, well cultivated, and cofitains many fine plantations. [r] Clarksburg, post-town, and cap. Harrison co. Va., on E. 5ide of the Monongaiiela, 40 miies above Morgaulown ; o25 NW. Richmond. W. 227. 320 STATE ROADS. VI R G I MA — Continued, No. 28. From Fredericksburg to Richmond, by Wood- ville. TOWNS, &C. i°5 North Anna River, Mills, Woodville, Richmond, 13 5 24 27 40 43 69 No. 29. From Fredericksburg to King William Conn House, Vileboro' Bowling Green, [s] Dunkirk, [t\ Walkertown, [«] King William C.H. [i^ - 8 18 7 5 14 22 40 47 52 No. 30. From Fredericksburg to Urbanna, Newport, Port Royal, Tappahannoc, Urbmina, [u"] - 20 24 27 4 24 48 75 DESCRIPTION Oy TOWNS, &C. 321 [s] Bowling Green, post-town, Caroline co. Va. ; 46 NE. Richmond, W. 80. Lon. 17. 24. W. Lat. 38. l.N. It is the seat of justice for the county, and contains a bank. [t] Dunkirk, post-town, King and Queen ca. Va., on the Mattapoiiy, 25 S. Port Royal, W. 118. [u\ Walkertown, post-town, King and Queen county, Va. on the Mattapony ; 45 NE. Richmond, W. 128. \v] King William, co. Va. ; bounded NNE. by King and Queen ro., SSW. by York river, and W. by Caroline co. Pop. in 1810, 9,285 ; slaves 5,785. Pop. in 1820, 9,697. [w] Urbanna, post-town, Middlesex coiuity, Virginia, on SW. side of the Rappahannock ; 60 ENE. Richmond^ Wash- ington, ^149. ^22 S^ATE ROADS, VIRGINIA — Continued. No. 31. From Frechrickshurg to Lancaster C. House. J ^ TOWNS, &;c. Mi m Falmouth, Kino^ Georges C. H. - Leeds, Richmond C. H. Lancaster C. H. [x] - - 2J 14 20 23 1 22 36 66 79 No. 32. From Wellsbiirg to Sandij Riva', East Bank of the Ohio. aIo7ig the Wheeling, Elizabethtown, Fishing Creek, Middle Island Creek, - Opposite Marietta, Parkersburg, [i/] Cross Little Kanhawa River to Belleville, [r] Letart's Falls, Point Pleasant, [a] Cross Great Kanhawaj River, to L. Guiandot River, [b] Guiandotj Sitndy River, [c] 13 9 22 25 47 26 73 17 90 11 101 16 117 30 147 24 171 21 192 16 20f{ 10 218 rjESCRiPTiftN OF TOWNS, «Scc. 393 «■■ I ■ ■ ■ ... ■ [x] Lancaster, co. E. part of Va., bounded NE. by North- tiiuberland co., E. by Chesapeake bay, S. & SW. by the Rap- paliannock, and VV. by Richmond co. ; W. I(i8. Pop. in 1810, 6,592; slaves, 3,112. Pop. in 1820, 5,517. Chief town, Kil- marnock. [y] Parkersburg, post-town, Wood county, Virginia; Wash' ifigton, 320. [2] Belleville, post-town, Wood co. Va. ; on E. bank of the Ohio, 5 miles below the mouth of tlie Hockhocking-, W. 336. [a] Point Pleasant, post-to\yiiy.'>lason county, Virginia, just above the confluence of Kenhawa with the Ohio ; 5 NEv Gallipolis, Washington, 352. Ne\ble for boats 70 miles. 58* 330 STATE ROAD^-, NORTH-CAROLINA — Continued. No. 6. From FayeiteviUe to Salem, TOWNS, &c. 11 4> X Morrison's, _ _ 23 JMunrow's, - - 16 39 Hall, - - 24 63 Randolph C. H. - - 20 73 Salem, [q\ - - 45 128 No. 7. From Raleigh to Knoxville, Tennessee, hy Hillsborough and Germantoivn, Cross Eno River, [rj to Hillsboro', S^ Allemance, or Haw River, 14 52 Martinville, 22 74 Head of Cape Fear River, 18 92 Germantown, [6*] 16 108 Cross Virginia State Line, 26 134 Flower Gap, 13 147 Grayson, [/] - " - 14 161 Austinsville, [u] 20 181 Eversham, 15 196 Staljstown, 10 206 Abingdon, [v] 44 250 Blountsville, Tennessee, \xd] - 23 273 Rogersville, [:^"| 43 316 Knoxvillc, 67 363 DESCTHPtlON OF TOWNS, to Tarborough, 90 miles. 334 STAtE ROADS. iNORTH-cAROLiNA — Coutiniied. No. 10. From Raleigh to Lexington and Salisbury. TOW^'S, &LC. 11 Hi Brad fords, Berges, -> Pittborough, M'Carro], Deep River, Park's, Lexington, - * - Salisbury, 8 18 14 26 15 18 18 9 17 35 49 75 90 108 126 No. 11. Froin Raleigh to Rockins^ham. f Cape Fear River, [g] - M'Neiile, Miinrow's Cole's Bridge, RockingJia7n, 17 9 21 No. 12. From Rakish to Neivherv, Smithfield, [h] - - 30 WainsboroLigh, - - 24 54 Kingston, - - 27 81 JS'ewbern, [i] - - 3d 120 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &0. S35 ISi Cape Fear, or Clarendon, r. N. C. the largest in the state. It is formed by the confluence of the NE. ami NW. branches, which unite above Wilmington, 35 miles fiom the ocean. The NVV. branch vises in N. part of the state, and iS navigable for large boats to Fayetieville. The NE. branch rises in Sampson co., and is navigable for boats 70 uiiles. [h] Sinithfield, p-t. and cap. Johnson co. N.C. on the Neuea; 27 SE. Raleigh, about 110 KW. Newbern, W. 315. It is si- tuated on a handsome plain, and contains a court-house, and "iail, and has some trade. Near the centie of the town is an indian burying place, of a conical form, formerly IG feet high. The Neuse is navigable to this place. [i] Newbern, p-t. port of entry, and capital Craven co. N. C. on SVV. bank of the Neuse, at the junction of the Trent ; 81 S. by W. Edenton, 100 NE. by N. Wilmington, 119 SE. Ra- leigh, W. 351. Long. 77 5 W. Lat. 35 20 N. Population, in 1800, 2,467 ; in 1820, 3,663. It contains a court-house, a jail, p theatre, a masonic hall, 2 banks, an academy, a public li- brary, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, I for Baptifts, and 1 for iMethodisfs. It is very pleasantly situ- ated, handsomely built, mostly of brick, and is the largest and most improved town in N. C. and accounted more healthy than any other near the sea- board. It is a flourishing town, and has considerable commerce; the exports consist chiefly of grain, pork, lumber, and naval stores. The shipping owned here in 1316, amounted to 4,973 tons. An elegant steam-boat, con- nected with the stages from Charleston, S. C. and with the sta- ges and steam-boats, to the northward, plies between Newbern and Elizabeth City. By this line, the route from Norfolk to Charleston, (800 iiiiles,) is performed in 7 days* 336 STATE RGADS. SOUTH-CAROLINA. No. 1 From niarleston to Society Hill and Cheraw. TOWNS, &c. jji Greenwich, Georgetown^ [j] L;ynch's Creek, Jeffries Creek, Black Creek, Society Hill, Cher aw, [k] « - 43 37 18 10 20 16 19 62 99 117 127 147 163 No. 2. From Charleston to Morgantown, N, Car. by Camden and Charlotte* Elms, 14 Monks Corner, 20 34 Nelsons Ferry, across Santee River, 19 53 Jamesville, 15 68 Chapelle, 8 76 Statesburg, 20 96 Camden, [/] 25 121 Hano;ing Rock Creek, 20 141 Lancaster, [m~\ 22 163 Cross N. C. State Line, 31 194 Charlotte, 14 208 Cross Catawba River, - 15 223 Lin coin ton, [n] 26 249 Morganiown, 45 1 294 DESCRIPTION OF TdWNS, &LC, 337 - - ■' ' * - ■■ r ■ : [j] Georgetown, post-town, poit of entry, and cap. George- town, district, S. C. on W. side of Winyaw bay, at the en- trance of Sampit river, 12 miles from the sea ; 60 NN£. Char- leston, 134 S. Fayetteville, W. 482. Lon. 79. 29. W. Lat. 32. 22. N. Pop. about 2,000. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an academy, and 4 houses of public worship, t for Episcopalians, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. The Pedee, Waccamaw, and Black river flow into Wanyaw bay, and connect Georgetown with tlie back country. At the mouth of the bay there is a bar which prevents the en- trance of vessels drawing more than 11 feet of water. The shipping owned here in 1816, amounted to 773 tons. [k] Cheraw, post- village, Darlington district, S. C, ; lOl Columbia, W. 436. \l] Camden, post-town and cap. Kershaw district, S. C, on the E. side of the Wateree; 35NE. Columbia, 109 NE. Augus- ta, 130 NNW. Charleston, W. 471. Lon. 80. 33 W. Lat. 34. 17. N. Pop. about 1,000. It is a pleasant town, regularly laid out, and contains a courthouse, a jail, an academy, and 4 places of public worship; 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episco- palians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists, and has consi- derable trade. The surrounding country is fertile and plea- sant. The Wateree is navigable to this place for boats of 70 tons. Two battles were fought here during the revolutionary- war ; one on the i6th August, 1780, between Gen. Gates and Lord Cornwallis, in which the Americans were defeated : the other on the 25th of April, 1781, between Gen. Greene, and Lord Rawdon. The Americans had 126 killed and 100 taken prisoners. The British had about 100 killed. [m] Lancaster, district, in N. part of S. C. Pop. in 1810, 6,318; slaves, 1,646. Pop. in 1820, 8,7l6. The court house and post-vil/age are on the Wateree ; 75 JVNE. Columbia- W. 476. [n] Lincolnton, post-town, Lincoln co. K, C. ; 45 SW Sal- isbury, 180 WSW. Raleigh, W. 425. ^9 3l3 STATE ROADS. SOUTH-CAROLINA — Contiiiued. No. 3. From Charleston to Morgantoioiiy N. Car,, by Cohimbia. TOWNS, &C. Dorchester, Cross Ashley River, to Cyprus, Cross Edisto R. N. Fork to Wahiut. Moore's, Shute's, Orangebtirg, [o] Beaver Creek, Granby^ [p] Cross Congaree, to Columbia, [9] Winnsborough, Chesterville, Yorkville, Cross N. C. State Line, French Broad River, - Flint Hill, Mor gantown, -^ 12 9 9 17 11 20 20 3 30 28 22 7 18 17 28 -02 5 § 12 24 ^^ 42 59 70 90 110 113 143 171 193 200 218 235 > 263 No. 4. From Chariest on to Pendleton, by Cambridge. Orangeburg, as in last No. ^ 70 Ridge, . - 35 105 Cambridge, - . 45 150 Abbeville, - - 25 175 Rocky River> - - 27 202 Pendleton, - - 20 222 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, <^C. 339 •■ '•-'**' — \o] Orangeburg, posi-towji and cap. Orangeburg district, S, C, on N. branch of the Edisto; 40 SSW. Columbio, 77 NNW. Charleston, W. 548. It contains a court house, a jail, about 20 houses, and an academy. [p] Granby, post-town, Lexington district, S. C, on the Con<|;aree, opposite Columbia, W 509. \q] Columbia, post-town and cap. S. C, in Richland dis- trict; 35 SVV. Camden, 73 NE. Augusta, 120 NNW. Charles- ton, W. 507. Lon 81. 7. W. Lat. 33. 57. N. Pop. in I8l6, 2,058, of whom 1,031 were whites. It is situated opposite to the confluence of the Saluda and Broad rivers, which unite to form the Congaree. From the river there is a gradual ascent for one mile ; then commences a plain of between 2 and 3 miles in extent, gradually descending on every side. Tiiis ele- vated plain forms the site of the town, which presents a hand- some and extensive prospect. The town was formed in 1787. It is regularly laid out. The streets intersect each other at right angles, and are 100 feet wide. Columbia is a flourishing town, and contains a state house, a court house, a jail, a market liouse, a branch of the state bank of S. C, an academy for males, and one for females, a college, and 4 houses of public worship; 1 for Episcopalians, I for Presbyterians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Metiioiiii^ts. Tlie state house is of 2 stories, 170 feet by 60 ; and is situated in the central part of the town. The Presbyterian church is an ele- gant edifice, presenting in its front iwo lofty cpirps : and ii/,. Episcopal church has a bell and an organ. The houses dis- play much taste and elegance. They are mostly of wood ; but the taste for building with brick is now predominating. A steam boat plies between this town and Charleston, The South Carolina College was founded in this town in 1802, but the first graduation did not lake place till 1807. It "is under the liberal patronage of the state legislature, from ■which it receives an annual giunt of iO, ui 12,000 dollars. The college buildings arc two edifices, of 3 stories, about 210 feet long, and 25 wide, containnig u oliapel, recitation rooms, and rooms for the accommodation of students. These buildings stand opposite to each other; at the head of the opening be- tween them, stands the president's house, a large building. In a range below on one side are two large tenements for two professois, and a steward's house; on the other side are two similar tenements for professors, and a large building contain- ing the philosophical apparatus, and library, with an observa- tory upon its summit. These buildings are all of brick, and regularly arranged, and make an impressive appearance. The library contains about 5,000 volumes. The chemical appara> tus and the philosoDhical are boiii extensive, and cost upwards of 7,000 dollars: t540 STATE ROADS, SOUTH-CAROLINA — Continued, No. 5. From Charleston to Lexington^ Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio. TOWNS, &c. Columbia, as in No. 3, Newbury, Belfast, Lawrence, Reedy River Shoals, [r J Greenville, Gowanville, Warm Springs, Newport, Ten. Beans Station, or Oresville, Clinch River, [5] Cumberland Gap, and Kentucky wState Line, Cumberland River, [/] Barbourville, Hazlepatch, Crab Orchard, [ii] Shakertonm, Lexington, Georgetown, [v^ Eagle Creek, Nelson's Ridge Road, - ce -J, 45 18 20 15 22 27 45 35 25 37 13 7 13 18 20 28 30 22 12 12 6 ' 5S^^ D a . xJB a : W £ i£ s 113 158 176 196 211 233 260 305 340 SQ5 402 415 422 • 435 453 473 501 531 boS 565 577 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SlC, 341 The board of trustees is composed of the governor, lieutenant governor, president of the senate, speaker of the house of re- presentatives, the judges of the state, together with 13 mem- bers elected by the legislature every 4 years. The executive government is entrusted to a president, 4 professors, 1 of lan- guages, 1 of moral philosophy and logic, 1 of chemical and experimental philosopiiy and mineralogy, and 1 of mathematics, mechanical philosophy, and astronomy; and 2 tutors. The number of students, in I8l8, was upwards of 100. There is but one session in a year, which continues 9 months, and one vacation of 3 months, commencing about the 1st of July. The commencement is held on the 1st Monday in December, during the sitting of the legislature. [r] Fork Shoals, or Reedy River Shoals, post-village, Green- ville, S. C. ; VV. 594. [s] Clinch River, Tennessee, which rises in Va., and runs SW. into the Tennessee, at Kingston. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and navigable for boats 200 miles. [/J Cumberland river, which rises in the Cumberland moun- tains, Va., unci runs through Kentucky and Tennessee into the Ohio, 60 miles from the Mississijjpi. It is navigable for large vessels to Nashville near 2*^0 miles, and for boats of 15 tons 300 further. At certain seasons vessels of 4oO tons may des- cend from the distance of 40o miles to the Ohio. [u] Crab Orchard, post-town, Lincoln co. Kentucky, W. of Dick's river; 25 SE. Danville, VV. 609. [y] Georgetown, post-town and./;ap. Scott co. Kentucky ; 12 fi. Lexington, 17 E. Frankfort, W. 570. Lon. 85.8. VV. Lat. 38. 15. N. Pop. in 1810, 548; in 1820, 1,056. It is situated in a pleasant and fertile country, and contains a court house, a jail, a bank, a printing office, an academy, 2 houses of pub- lic worship, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists, and has se- veral manufacturing establishments. It is situated on Royal Spring, which flows into the N. Elkhorn, nearly a mile from ^he town. 29* 342 STATE ROADS SOUTH-CAROLINA — ConiinuecL TOWNS, &C. 11 is Harrisons, Arnolds, Theobalds, Gaine's, Covington, Cross Licking R. [tvl to Newport, Cross Ohio R. to Cincinnati, [x] 6 7 4 12 16 1 1 589 596 600 612 627 628 629 No. 6. From Charleston to Knoxmlle^ by the Warm Springs, Warm Springs, as in last No. - Knoxville, as in N. Carolina No. 1 81 340 421 No. 7. From Charleston to Augusta^ Georgia, Rantoles, - 9 Parker's Ferrj, - 13 22 N. Saltkether River, - - 33 55 Cambahee River, [yl - - 30 85 White Ponds, - 22 107 Aiionsta, \z] - 22 129 No. 8. From Charleston to Savannah ; by Steamboat. Charleston Bar, Light House, 7 10 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, village, in St. Peter's parish, S. C; W. 644. \i] Three Runs, (Lower,) post-village, Barnwell district, S. C.} W,627. [J] Augusta, city and cap. Richmond co. Georgia, on the Savannah; 73 SW. Columbia, 87 ENE. Milledgeville, 123 NNW. Savannah, 138 WNW. Charleston, W. 589. Lon. 80. 46. W. Lat. 33. 19. N. Pop. in 18lo, 2,476; in 1820, upwards of 4,000. It contains a court-hou^e, a jail, a market-house, an academy, an insurance office, 3 banks, one of which is a branch of the U S. bank, and 4 houses of public worship; 1 for Pres- byterians, 1 for Roman Catholics, J for Methodists, and 1 for Episcopal = a«is. It is regularly laid cut and handsomely built, mostly of brick. Several of the public buildings, and many of the private houses are spacious and (Wgant. It is a very flour- ishing coHimercial town, and probably has more trade, than any other place of its size in the United States. Immense quantities of cotton, considerable tobacco, and some other kinds of produce are brought to Augusta from the back country, and conveyed in boats down the river to Savannah. 348 STATE ROADS. GEORGIA. No. 1. From Savannah [k] to Augusta, and thence to Lexington, Kentucky, TOWNS, &C. Dasher's 16 Lishners, 4 20 Ebetiezer Creek and Bridge, - 5 25 Taylor's, 15 40 Pierce's, 20 60 Cross Beaver Dam Creek, to Jack- sonsborough, 11 71 Cross Briar Creek, to Mill Haven, 10 81 McBean Creek, 29 110 Augusta, 16 126 Cross Savannah R. to S. C. Ste- phens Creek, 7 133 Long Myers, 31 164 Abbeville, 13 179 Greenville, [/] 40 219 Gowanville, 27 246 Ashville, 45 291 Lexine:ton, as in S. C No. 5, - I 248 539 No. 2. From Savannah to Augusta; by Steam-boat. Purysburg, 18 Beck's Ferry, - 5 23 Sisters Ferry, 18 t 41 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, iiC, 34*^ [g] Savannah, city and port of entry, Chatham co. Georgia, on SW. bank of the Savannah, 17 tji. from its mouth ; 118 SVV. Charleston, 123 SE. Augusta, 160 ESE. Milledgeville, W. 658, Lon.8l. 10. W. Lat.32. 8. N. Pop., 1820, 7,523; slaves, 3,1 75; free blacks, 582. Situated on a sandy plain, elevated about 4Q feet above low tide, and contains a court-house, a jail, an alms-house, a hospital, a theatre, a public library, an acade- my, an exchange, 3 banks, including a branch of the U. S. bank : and 7 houses ol public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, I for Epis- copalians, 1 for Lutherans, 1 for Methodists, 1 for Baptists, I for Roman Catholics, & a Jewish synagouge. The academy is built of brick and stone, 180 feet by 60, of 3 stories. The exchange is a brick edifice of 5 stories. The new Presbyterian church, recently erected, is a very spacious and elegant edifice of stone. The city a few years since was almost wholly built of wood, with very few elegant houses, but a large proportion of the houses recently erected, are handsomely built of brick. Savannah has heretofore been accounted very unhealthy during the summer and autumn, but the salubrity of the place is now much iniproved by appropriating to a dry cul- ture, those lands in its immediate vicinity, which were former- ly appropriated to the culture of rice. The city is regularly laid out, and contains 10 public squares, each consisting of 2 acres, with a pump in the centre The squares and public walks are planted with china trees, which contribute much to the ornament, comfort, and salubrity of the place. Savannah is the great emporium of the state, and is a place of much trade. In 9 months, ending June 30, 181?, there were exported 107,320 bales of cotton, 3,605 hhds. of to- bacco, 11,228 tierces of rice ; total valiie $9,966,503: and in six months, ending the 3lst of Mardh 18l8, 61,797 bales ef cotton, 13 680 tierces of rice, and 1,500 hhds. of tobacco. The shipping belonging to this port, in 1821, amounted to 10,826 tons. Vessels drawing 14> feet of water come up to the wharfs ; larger vessels take in their cargoes at Five Fathom Hole, 3 miles below the town. On the east side ofthecityis Fort "Wayne; at Five Fathom Hole is Fort .Ta'.kson ; and on Tybec island, near the mouth of the river, there is a light-hou«e. On the loth Jan. 1820, 463 buildings were destroyed in this city by fire. The damage was estimated at $4,000. 000. The part burnt has been since mostly rebuilt with brick, in an improved style. 30 350 STATE ROADS. GEORGIA — Continued. TOWNS, &C. li si. 5f Hudson's Ferry, Mouth of Briar Creek, [o] Lower 3 Runs, Upper 3 Runs, Augusta^ [p] 15 18 15 20 31 56 74 89 109 140 No. 3. i^/•ow^ Savannah to Knoxmlle, Ten7iessee, x^ugusta, as in last No. 140 Applington, 21 161 Cross Little River, to Rays Mills, 12 173 Lisbon, 26 199 Elberton, 20 219 Carnesville, [q'] 33 252 Currahee Mountain, - 12 264 Habersham, on Tororee Creek, 18 282 Tennessee State Line, 27 309 Maryville, [r] 60 369 Knoxville, [s] 15 384 No. 4. From Savannah to Milledgeville, JenksBridge,onGr.OgeecheeR.L^] 20 Statesboroue^h, 28 48 Emanuel County Line, 30 78 Washington do. 38 116 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SlC, S5 I [o] Briar Creek, r. Georgia, which runs into the Savajinati, 40 miles below Augusta. In 1779, a part of the Aineiican army was surprised on lliis river by the British, and entirely routed, with the loss of 'lOO men killed or taken ; the whole of their artillery, their stores, baggage, and most of their arms were taken. [//] Augusta, city and cap. Richmond co. Georgia, on the Savannah; 73 SVV. Columbia, ii7 ENE. Milledgeville, 123 NNW. Savannah, 138 WNW, Charleston, W. 5S9. Lun. 80. 46. W. Lat. 33. 19. N. Pop. in IS 10, 2,476 ; in 18^0, upwards of 4,000. It contains a court-house, a jail, a market-house, an academy, an insurance office, 3 banks, oue of which is a branch of the U. S. bank, and 4 houses of public worship; 1 for Pres- byterians, 1 for Roman Catholics, ] for Methodists, and 1 for Episcopalians. It is regularly laid out and handsomely built, mostly of brick. Several of the public buildings, and many of the private houses are spacious and elegant. It is a very flour- ishing commercial town, and probably has more trade, than any other place of its size in the United States. Immense quantities of cotton, considerable tobacco, and some other kinds of produce are brought to Augusta fvom the buck country, and conveyed in boats down the river to Savannah. [q] Carnesville, or Frapklir, post town and cap. Franklin CO., (ieorgia, on the Sahvagee ; 125 NW. Augusia, W. 641. Pop. in 1 BIO, 88. [r\ Maryville, post-town and cap. Blount co. Tenn. ; 15 S.. Knoxville, VV. 556. [s\ Knoxville, post-town and cap. Knox co. Ten., on the Holston, 4 miles below the mouth of French Broad river, and 22 above the junction of the Holston with Tennessee river ; 134 WSW. Abingdon, 190 E Nashville, 190 S. Lexington, 455 WSW. Richmond, W. 538. Lon. 83. 44 VV. Lat. 35. 45. N. Pop. in 1818, about 1,400. It is pleasantly situated, regular- ly laid out, and contains a court house, a jail, a state bank, aa academy, barracks sufficient to accommodate 700 men, two printing; offices, from each of which is issued av.?^ekly newspa- per, and 3 houses of public worship; 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. It is the largest town in East Tennessee, and was formerly the seat of the state government. Hampden Sydney Academy, in this town, is a respectable semi- nary. A college styled Blount, or East Tennessee College, was established in this town several years since, and a Presi- dent first elected in 1820. [/] Ogeechee, r. Georgia, which rises near the Appalachian rrijOuntains, passes by Lexington, Louisville, and Georgetown, flows SE, nearly parallel with the Altamaha, into Ossabaw ou5d, at Hardwick. Length 200 tuiles. ^52 STATE ROADS. GEORGIA — Continued, TOWNS, &C» ^ - II Sander svilk, [u] Oconee River, [r] MiLLEDGEVILLE, [iv] - 16 25 1 132 157 158 No. 5. From Savannah to Milledgeville, by Louisville, Et'iingham County Line, - 16 Shrimp's Creek, » . 10 26 Little Ogachee River, - - 21 47 Horse Creek, - - 25 72 Buck Head do. - - 7 79 .fone's do. -i - 17 96 Lambert's do. . . 18 114 Louisville^ [a;] - - 2 116 Ogechee River, - _ 2 118 Sandersville, . 22 140 Milledgeville, - - 26 166 No. 6. From Savannah to Augusta, by Waynsbo- roiii^h. Jacksonborough, as in No, 1, lyj 71 Waynesborough, Iz] - Sb 106 M'Bean Creek. 15 121 Augusta. 16 137 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 353 [u] Sandei-iviile, post-town and cap. Washington ro., Geor- gia ; 26 E. MilledgeviJle, W. 669. It contains a court house and a jail. [v] Oconee river, Georgia, wliich rises in the Oconee moun- tains, flows by Milledgeville, and unites with tiie Oakmulgee, to form tile Altamaha. [tc] Milledgeville, post-town, Baldwin co. Georgia, and the seat of the state government, on the Oconee, 30o miles hy the river from the sea ; 87 VV. by S. Augusta, 160 WN W. Savan- nah, 170 NVV. Darien, W. 675. Lat. 32 55. N. Pop. in 1810, 1,256; in 1820, 2,069. It has an elevated and pleasant situation, within the limits of the upland country, near the bor- ders of the alluvial region, and its vicinity is fertile and pop- ulous. It contains an elegant state house of 3 stories, a state arsenal, and a large penitentiary, all of brick ; an academy, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists. Two newspapers are published here. It was found- ed in 1806. \x] Louisville, post-town and cap. Jefferson county, Georgia, on the Ogeechee, 70 miles from its mouth ; 50 E. Milledgeville, 110 NW. Savannah, VV. 644 Population in 1810, 524. It contains a court-house, a jail, and a meeting house. This town was formerly the seat of the state government. [i/] Jacksonborough, p-v. Scriven county, Georgia; 65 NVV. Savannah, W. 644. [z\ Waynesborough, post-town and cap. Burke co. Georgia ; £4 ENE. Louisville, 28 SSW. Augusta, about 100 NVV. Savan- nah, VV.619. It is situated on Briar creek, about 14 miles from the Savannah, and contains a court house, ajail, an aca- demy, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyl€rians arid 1 (oi Metiiodists, and about 50 dwelling houses. SO* 54 STATE ROADS. GEORGIA — Continued. No. 7. From Savannah to ^olerain, on St. Marifs River, TOWNS, SiC. li la Riceborough, [a] Fort Barrington, [6] - Buffalo Creek, L. St. Ilia River, MerselFs Great St. Ilia River, - Coleraine, [c] 20 14 10 15 7 8 30 50 64 74 89 96 104 No. 8. From Savannah to Coffee Bluff. Coffee iMufi\ I I 12 No. 9. From Sava7inah to Skedaway Islands. ^Aunderbolt BlufiC, Skedaway islands, 4 10 No. 10. From Augusta to JS*ashville, by Ross and Winchester. Applington, - . 21 kajs Mills, - - 12 SS Washington^ [(?] - •m 18 61 .Lexington, [e] - ~ 23 74 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, fcc. 355 [a] Riceborough, post-town and cap. Liberty cc, Georgia, on Newport river ; 32':W. Savannah, W. 692. It contains about 3o houses. [b] Fort Barrington, town, Georgia, on the coast of the At- lantic ; 50 SSW. Savannah. Long. 8i 55 W. Lat. 31 30 N. [c] Coleraine, town, Camden «ounty, Georgia, on St. Ma- ry's river, 45 miles from its mouth. [d] Washington, post-town and cap. Wilkes co. Georgia, ou Kettle creek, a branch of Little river; 50 VVNW. Augusta, 5^ N. by W. Louisville, 65 NE. by E. MjUedgeville, W.645. Lat. S3. 3i. N. Pop. 695. It is siuiated on a high, healthy, and fer- tile plain, 23 miles distant from the nearest navigable water. It is regularly laid out, and contains a courthouse, a jail, a bank, an academy, a masonic hall, all of brick, a Methodist meeting house, and a printing office. The houses are chiefly of wood. [e] Lexington, post-town and capital Oglethorpe county, Georgia, on the Ogeechee ; 76 NW. Augusta, W. 649. Pop. in 1810, 222. It contains a court-house, a jail, and an aca- demy. S3 6 STATE ROADS. GEORGIA — Continued. Js .5 TOWNS, &C. 6 Cherokee Corner, [/] _ 80 Athens, [^" - 7 87 Clarksborough, \]i\ - 10 97 Jefferson, \i\ - 7 104 Chatahoochee, River, [j] - 21 125 Chestatee do. - 6 130 Etowah do. - 7 137 Long Swamp Creek, - - 20 157 Tocking River, - 9 166 Oostanaulee do. [/c] - 10 176 Vans, - 15 191 Connesanga River, - 2 193 Missionary School, on Tennessee State Line, - 15 208 Ross, - 10 218 Nickajack, [/] - 20 238 Tennessee River, [m] - - 6 244 Winchester, - 24 268 Shelbyville, - 25 293 Nashville, [n] - 50 345 From Augusta No. 11. to Huntsville, Alabama, Winchester, Ten. Winchester, as in last No. _ 268 Salem, - 10 278 Millars, - 20 298 Huntsville, - 18 316 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &;C. 357 [/] Cherokee corner, post-village, Oglethorpe ctiunty, Geor- gia ; 8s^ miles from Athens, W. 675. [g] Athens, post-town, Clarke co. Georgia, on the Oconee; 7 N. Watkinsville, 94 WNVV. Augusta, 197 NW. Savannah, W. G67. Lat. 35 15 N. Population ia 1810, !;i73. It has a very elevated, pleasant, and healthy situation. A weekly newspaper is published here. [h\ Clarksborough, post-town, Jackson county. Georgia,. 110 ?^VV. Augusta, W.689. \i] Jeflerson, or Jeflerston, post town and capital Jackson CO. Georgia, 18 Athens, 90 Miliedgevilie, 110 Augusta, 227 NW, Savannah, W. C99. It is a small village, containing a court- house a jail, and an academy, ( J] Chatahoochee river, whicii rises in the Appalachian moun- tains, runs across NW. part of Georgic, forms a part of the W. boundary of the state, dividing it from Alabama, and in Lat. 30 45 N. receives Flint river, and takes the ,name of Appala- chicola. [A;J Oostanaulee, r, Georgia, in the country of th« Cherokees, It Hows SW. and unites with the Etowee to form the Coosa. [I] Nickajack, au Indian town in NW. corner of Georgia, on the Tennessee. [m] Tennessee river, U. S. which rises from the Alleghany mountains, on the borders of N. C. It crosses the state of Tennessee in a SW. direction, enters Alabama, then pursues a westerly course for l50 or 200 miles, then takes a noriberu course, crosses the state of Tennessee again, and the westerri part of the state of Kentucky, and joins the Ohio, 12 miles be- low the Cumberland, and 46 above the Mississippi. It is a- bout 1,100 miles long, and navigable for steam boats, at high swells, 259 miles to Florence, in Alabama, at the lower end of the Muscle shoals, and for boats at all seasons. Here it widens, and becomes two shallow for boats to pass when the water ia low. Above the shoals, boats pass without obstruction 250 miles to the Suck, or Whirl, where the river breaks through the Cumberland mountains. Just as the river enters the mountains, a great rock projects from the norther.i shore, which causes a sudden bend in the river. The water is thrown v^ith great vio- lence against the southern shore, where it rebounds around the point of the rock, and produces the whirl. The river is here compressed to the width of about 70 feet. Boats ascend and descend the whirl without great difficulty. [?i] Nashville, post town and cap. Davidson co. Ten. on S. side of the Cumberland ; 32 NW. Murfreesborougb, 110 N. Huntsville, 190 W. Knoxville, 250 SW. Lexington, 430 NE. by N. Natchez, vV. 727. Pop. 3 or 4,000. Lon. 87. 8. W. Lat. 35. 45. N. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, and contains a court house, a jail, a markel house, 2 banks, a 358 STATE ROADS. GEORGIA — Continued. No. 12. From Augusta to Huntsville, direct by WilVs Town, Alabama, 1- ■), fX Tow>s, kc. Warrenton, 41 Powelton, [o] 12 53 Greensboro' 22 75 Madison, [p] - ^ - 19 94 Monroe, 24 118 Chatahoochee River, 40 158 Etowah River, 30 188 Etowah Town, 10 198 Oostenaulee River, 27 225 Alabama State Line, - 30 255 Willstown, 21 276 Fort Deposit, 32 308 Hunts cille, [q] 24 332 No. 13. From Augusta to Green sborough ^ Madison. Powelton, as in last No. 63 Greensborough, [rj 22 75 Oconee River, 6 79 Appalatchee River, 3 82 Madison. n J 93 t'ESCRIPTION OF TOWiVS, &(*. 359 )foung ladies' academy, a public library of 1,200 volumes, a cotton 'and woollen manufactory, a rope walk, 2 distilleries, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Me- thodists, and 1 for Baptists. It is a thriving and wealthy town, the largest in the state, and is situated in a fertile and populous country, and has a flourishing trade. Two newspapers are published here. There is a steam Iioat navigation fromlvash- ville to New Orleans. The Cumberland is navigable to this place for vessels of 30 or 40 tons, 9 months in the year, and at certain times, for ships of 400 tons. The distance of Nashville from New Orleans, by land through Natchez, is 586. A road is opening through Madisonville, distance 480 miles. Cumber- land College was incorporated here in 1806, and a building about 90 feet long, and 3 stories high, was erected ; but the college has not gone into operation, and a grammar school is kept in the building. [o] Powelton, post-town, Hancock co. Georgia ; 14 N Spar- ta, W. 662. It contains a flourishing academy, and 2 meeting houses, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. [p\ Madison, post-town and cap. Mora;an co.; Georgia ; 45 NW. Milledgeville, VV.694. Pop. in 1810, 229. It is a flour- ishing to^vn, situated in a fertile country, and contains a court house, a jail, an academy, and a meeting house. [q] Huntsville, post-town and capital Madison co. Alabama, near the head waters of Indian creek ; 8 S. of Tennessee line, 10 N. Tennessee river, 110 S. Nashville, 220 N. Cahawba, W. 749. Lon. 86. 57. W. Lat. 34. 36. N. Population, 1,500. It is pleasantly situated, regularly laid out, built prin- cipally of brick, and contains a court-house, a jail, a market- house, a bank, a land-office, a printing-office, 2 houses of pub- he worship, 1 for Presbyterians and 1 lor Methodists, and about 25 trading-stores. It is situated in a very fertile cou«try, from which is exported annually, 12 of 14,000 bales of cotton. A very large and abundant spring, the source of Indian creek, supplies the town with excellent water. A boat navigation, from Huntsville to the Tennessee, has recently been opene.l by clearing out Indian creek, and forming a canal of 4 or 5 miles. [r] Greensborough, post-town and capital Greene co. Geor- gia < 30 S. Athens, 38 N. Milledgeville, W.662. Population in 1810, 413. It is a flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, a Presbyterian meeting-house, an academy, and a print- ing-office. 360 STATE ROADS. GEORGIA — Continued, No. 14. From Augusta to Louisville, TOWNS, &c. la • Jones' Mills, Cowles Mills, Briar Creek, Louisville, - 3 11 22 8 11 22 44 No. 15. From, Augusta to Louisville, Springs, hy Richmond Murrays Mills, Richmond Springs, - Chickasaw Ford, Mill Creek, Louisville, - 8 7 3 17 10 18 25 28 45 No. 16. From Darien [5] to Milledgen lie ai id At hens. Fort Barrin^ton, [t] - Bairds Creek, Tatnall C. H. Vernon, Cross Altahama River, to Dublin, Big Saudv River, [w] 26 21 33 35 26 14 40 61 94 129 165 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &C. 361 [s] Darien, post-town and seaport town Mcintosh co., Geor- gia, on the north and principal channel of the Altamaha, near its entrance into St. Simon's sound, 12 miles from the bar, 63 SSW. Savannah, 165 SE. Milledgeville, W, 722. Lon. 81. 37, W. Lat. 31. 23. N. Pop. in 1810, 206; in 1820, upwards of 1,000. It stands on a high sandy bluflf, and contains a Presby- terian meeting house, a bank, and a printing office. It has lately risen into importance, and is a flourishing town. The bar has 14 feet at low water. Exertions are making to remove the obstructions to the navigation, and to render this the em- porium of the fertile country watered by the Oakmulgee and Oconee, branches of th? Altamaha. [/] Fort Barrington, town, Georgia, on the coast of the At- lantic; 50 SSW. Savannah. Lon. 81. 55. W. Lat. 31. 30. N. [u] Sandy River, (Big) r. which rises in the Laurel moun- tains and forms a part of the boundary between Virginia and Kentucky, for nearly 20o miles, and runs NNW. into the Ohio, 4-0 miles above the Scioto. It is navigable for batteaux to the Wascioto mountaioS) about 50 miles. 31 3G2 STATE ROADS. GEORGIA — Continued. TOWNS, &C, MiLLEDGEVILLE, [v] Eaton ton, Madison, Athens^ •is is 25 180 11 191 20 211 23 234 No. 15. -From Milledgeville to Petersburg, Sparta, w'] 22 Povvellton, [x] \b 37 Washington^ [y\ 22 59 Petersburg, \z\ 24 83 No. 16. i^rom Milledgeville to Carnesville and Mul- linsford. Little River, _ _ 9 Eatonton, [a] . - 11 20 Madison, • - 20 40 Athens, [b] - - 23 63 Carnesville, - - 34 97 MuUinsford, - - 20 117 No. 17. From Milledgeville to Huntsville, Alabama, by Madison, Madison, as in last No. Huntsville, as in No. 11, 1238 40 278 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &C. 363 [r] Millerigeville, post-town, Bahiwin co., Georgia", and the seat of" the state governinent, on the Oconee, 300 miles by the river from t!ie sea; 87 W. by S. Augusta, 160 VVi\W. Savati- iiah, 170 NW. Darien, W. 6?5. Lat. 32. 56. N. Pop. in 1810, 1.256 ; in 1820, 2.069. It has an elevated and pleasant siiua- livin, within the limits of the upland country, near the bor'lers of the alluvia] regionj and it;? vicinity is fertile and populous. It contains an elegant state house of 3 stories, a stnte aisena], find a large penitentuiry, all of brick; an acadeiuy, and two houses of public worship, I for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists. Two newspapers are published here. It was founded in l8u6. [if] Sparta, post-town and cap. Hancock co. Georgia ; 25 KE. Miliedgeville, 64 SVV. Augusta, W. 653. Pop. in 1810, 314. It is a nourishing town, and contains a court house, a jail, a Methodist meeting house, and 2 respectable academies, 1 for nialesand the other for fentales. The surrounding coun- try is fertile and populous. [x] Powellton, post-town, Hancock co. Georgia ; l5 N. Sparta, W. 662. It contains a flourishing academy, and two meeting houses, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. [_^] Washington, post-town, and cap. Wilkes co. Georgia, on Kettle creek, a branch of Little river; 5o WNW. Augusta, 58 N. by W Louisville, 65 NE. by E. rviilledgsvilis, W. 64-5r Lat. 33. 34. N. Fop. 695. It is situated on a high, healthy, and fertile plain, 23 nnles distant from the nearest navigable vrater. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court house, a jail, a bank, an academy, a masonic hall, all of brick, a Me- thodist meeting house, and a printing office. The houses are chiefly of wood. [s] Petersburg, post-town, Elbert co., Georgia, on the Sa- vannah, 53 in. above Augusta, W. 644. Pop. in 1810, 332. It is a pleasant and flourishing town. [a] Eatonton, post-town and cap. Putnam co. Georgia ; 20 NW. Milledgeviile, W. 689. Pop. in 1810, 180. It is a plea- sant town, and contains a court house, a jail, and an aeademy. [6 1 Athens, post-town, Clarke co., Georjiia, on the Oconee; .7 N. Watkinsville, 94 WJVW. Augusta, 19? NW. Savannah, W. 667. Lat. 35. 15. N. Pop. in 1810, 273 It has a very ele- vated, pleasant, and healthy situation. A weekly newspaper is published here. Franklin College, which together with the incorporated ac- ademies of the state, is styled the University of Georgia, was incorporated and established at this place in 1784, but did not go into operation till 1803 The buildings consist of one col- lege edifice of brick, 3 stories high, calculated to accommodate lOO students, 2 chapels, one of brick, the other of wood, a president's and a steward's house of wood. The library con- tains about 2,000 vols. The philosophical apparatus cobt 364 STATE ROADS. GEORGIA — Continued, No. 18. From Milledgeville to BelVs Ferry, on Oco- nee River, TOWNS, &C. 32 45 Irwinton, [c] - Dublin, [d] Bell's Ferry, 19 61 96 No. 19. From /St. Maryh [e] /o Milledgeville, by the New Boad, Colerain, . 23 Cyprus Pond, - 36 59 L. St. Ilia River, . 25 84 Altaniaha River, [/] - - 42 126 Hartford, - 46 172 Marion, [g] - 29 201 Milledgeville, - 30 231 No. 20. From Louisville to Athens, by Sparta, Georgetown, - _ 27 Sparta, - * 15 42 Green sboro\ « - 26 68 Athens, ., - 33 101 DE&CnirTIOK OF TOWNS, &;G. SCtli ^ , J— ,■ ■ - — ' • - - ~ r ' ^4-,000. The funds consist of 100,000 clols. in bank stock, to- gether with some lands. In 182l, a hill passed the assembly of Georgia, appropriating $ 25,000 for the erection of a new college edifice, and a permanent annual endowment of s^8,000 for the support of the institution. The college is under the direction of 15 trustees; and of a. senatus academicus, composed of the trustees and the governor and senate of the state. The executive government is entrusted to a president ; 3 professors, 1 of languages, 1 of chemistry, and 1 of niathematics and natural philosophy , and 1 tutor. Ths number of students in 1821, was 99. Conr.mencement is held on the 3d Wednesday in June. There are two vacations ; ono in the summer of 3 weeks; the other in the winter, of 8 weeks. Connected with the college there is an academj'- or free gram- mar school, wnich had, in 1821, 80 students. [c] Irwinton, post-town, Wilkinson co. Georgia ; 18 S. by \V. Milledgeville, W. 699. it contains a court house, a jail, and a Methodist meetujg house. \c!} Dublin, post-town and cap. Laurens co. Georgia, on SW, branch of the Ocf>nee ; 45 S. Milleilgeville, W. 720. Pop. 165. It contains a court house and a jail. [ej St. Mary's, post-town and s-p. Camden co. Georgia, at the rrtouth of St. iVIary's river: 131 SSW. Savnnnah, W. 790. Lou. 81. 43. W. Lat. 30. 43. i\. Pop. in 1810, 585. This was a place, of considerable trade during the late war, but has since declined. The s'lipping owned here, in 1816, amounted to 948 tons. [/] Aiatamaha, or Altamaha, navigable river, Georgia, fornied by the junction ol the. Oaknuilgee and Oconee; the for- mar of which rises in the Cherokee mountains. After the junc- tion, the Alalamaha becomes a large r.[ver, flowing with a gentle t:urrenl through forests and plains upwards of 100 miles, and ruoG into St. Simond'S sound by severfii mouths, 60 S,\V. Sa- vannah, it is navig.'ible to IMilledgevilJe on the Oconee branch fir boats of 30 totis, 30O mil-^s ftoni the Onean. The bar at the mouth has 14 feet at low water. Its length to its source is about 500 niiles. [g] iMarion, post-town, and cap. Twiiigs co Georgia ; 35 SW. Milled-eville, W. 710. Fop. 193. It coulaii;? n court fcouse and a jail. 4n* 366 bTATE ROADS GEORGIA — Concluded* No. 21. From Darien to St. Simori^s [h]Ug 'ht'House. TOWNS, &:c. Mi II it SJ Butler's by Water, Light House, _ 12 14 26 FLORIDA. [^] No. L From St. Augustine to St. Marks, and thence to Pensacola; by Water. Picolato Fort, 40 Cross St. Johns River, to Poppa, 1 41 St Francisco, 40 81 Cross Suwaney R. to St. Piedro, 22 103 St. Matheo, 11 1j4 Ivitachua, 33 147 Cross St. Marks River, to Fort St. Marks, 10 157 Apalachia Bay, 10 167 Outlet of Appahichicola River, 40 207 Cape St. Bias, 30 237 West end of St. Rose Island, - 120 357 Pensacola, 10 367 DESCRIPTION (OF TOWNS, &;C. 367 [h] St. Simon's, fertile island, on the coast of Georgia, at the mouth of the Altamaha ; 15 m, long, and 4 broad. Chief town, Fiederica. The northern part is separated from the main island by a small creek, and is called Little St Simon's. Be- tween Little St. Simon's and Egg island, the southern branch of the Altamaha communicates with the ocean. The island is separated from the main land by a navigable river, which conmiunjcates with the Altamaha, and flows into St. Simon's sound. [i] Florida is in length from N. to S. about 400 m. — average breadth, about 140. Square miles, 45,000. Its principal towns are Pensarola, St. Augustine, New-Smyrna, and St. Marks. — The rivers of most note, are, St John's, Appalachicola, Indian River, Suwaney, and Conecuh. The river St. Jnhn has a course of upwards of 200 miles.— The great swamp Ouaquephenogavv, lies on the north side, part- ly in Florida, and partly in Georgia. Its circuit is 300 miles. The so'l is various, but generally light and sandy ; the best is called Hammock land,t\om the ciicu;-stance of its being found in mounts or small tufts, among the pines : these are remote from the sea. Florida produces all kinds of trees and fruits pe- euliar to tropical regions. Peaches, giapes, and figs, grow wild in the loreels. St. John's river, and some of the Lakes, are bortieved witli orange groves. During the summer, the heat is excessive ; but from the end of September to the end of June, it is, according to Voluey, the "finest climate in the world.'* There are in the territory 35 Indian settlements, and about 5,000 Indians. A district of country is selected by government for the purpose of concentrating the Indian population. From a survey lately made of the Indian reservation, the following particulars are taken : "The whole district of country around Charlotte's river and bay, present to the eye orly flat pine barrens, and parched pailmetto plains, intersected by grassy ponds, and in- undated savannahs, many ot these exhibiting strong indications of having but recently emerged from the ocean, and exposed to occasional revisitations The ridges of the Alachua extend in a SE. direction to 40 or 50 msles south of the sources of Ocle- waha river. Similar ridges of nearly equal elevation are found near the North HiU^^boiough, Amaxura, and Tallachopeo rivers. This last river rises in a large lake, about 45 miles east of the bay of Sauld Spirili, and discharges into Charlotte's har- bour at the same point with Charlotte's river. The whole coun- try from the Santa Fo to the S. end of the Big Hammock, near the Chicuchatty village, presents elevated undulating pine lands, interspersed or spotted with hammocks of greater or less mag- :;itude of light and more durable soils, diversified with pine flats, and iniersected with grassy and clear water ponds." mt STATE ROADS. FLORIDA — Continued. No. 2. From St. Marks [i] to Milledgeville^ Georgia. Towivs, &:c. Okelockoniie River Georgia State Line, - Limestone BlufF, on Flint River, Barnard's Path, Cross Altamaha R. to Plartford, Marion, MlLLEDGEVILLE, "*— - II- 9 14 36 38 74 5Q 130 40 170 35 j 205 OO 1 240 No. 3. From St. Augustine [j] to Cape Caneveral Mantanza River, - _ 25 Tomakow do. - - 22 47 New Smyrna, - - 5 52 Musqneto Inlet, - - 25 77 Cape Caneveral, - 55 ]32 No. 4. From St. Augustine to Lake Georsre. Picolata, [A"] Rollston, L. George, 30 40 40 70 110 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, kc, 369 Pensacola, the chief town in W.Florida, has a pleasant si- tuation on a sandy plain, elevated 18 or 20 feet above the level of the sea, onlhe W. side of Pensacola bay. The town was in a state of decay when it came into the possession of the U. States, since which it has become flourishing. The harbour is capacious and safe from all winds, and the only commodious one, belonging to the United Stales in the Gulf of Mexico. The climate is uncommonly salubrious. Pop. in 1822, 1,600. [i] St. JVIarks, seaport town, East Florida, on fet. Mark's river, near its entrance into Apalachia bay, 180 W. St. Au- gustine Lon. 84. 36. W. Lat. 30. 10. N. [j] St. Augustine, city and sea-port East Florida, on a bay of the Atlantic, 2 miles within the bar, opposite to the inlet, north of St. Anastatia island ; about 30 S. of the mouth of St. John's river, 180 E. St. Mark's, 80 S. St. Mary's, 310 SSW. Charleston, W. 880. Lon. 81. 40. W. Lat. 29. 45. N. The town is built on a peninsula, is of an oblong form, consisting of 4 principal streets, which intersect each other at right angles. It has a pleasant situation, with the advantage of refreshing sea breezes, and the fragrance of orange groves, and, previous- ly to 1821, has been accounted remarkably healthy. It has a good port, but the bar at its entrance is not nassable for vessels lir2.«Mig «nore than 8 feet of water. The houses, about 500 in number, are built of stone formed by the concretion of shells, and obtained from the island of St. Anastatia near the town. It is defended by a strong fort, which is built of this stone, and which presents a most formidable appearance on entering the harbour. It is 20 feet bigh, with walls 12 feet thick, and mounting 36 guns. The Catholic church is an old Gothic building. The city has a decayed appearance, many of the houses being in a state of dilapidation. The situation of the country in the vicinity, is low, but well adapted to the cultiva- tion of vegetables and fruits of a southern climate. This town was burnt hy Sir Francis Drake in 1586 ; by captain Davis, with the Buccaniers, in 1685 ; besieged and burnt by the En- glish in 1702 ; unsuccessfully attacked by the English under general Oglethorpe in 1744; in 1821, Feb. 22, a treaty was signed by which Florida was ceded to the United States. A few years befcre the cession to the United States, the population of St. Augustine was estimated at 5,000. In 1821, it was vis- ited with distressing sickness by the yellow fever : the popula- tion m August, 1821, was estimated at 2,500; in December, at only 1,500 or 1,600 A newspaper is published here. [k] Picolata, fortress. East Florida, on the river St. John ; 27 NW. St. Augustine, 370 STATE ROADS, FLORIDA — Continued. No. 5. From St. Augustine to Suwaney River Outlet. TOWNS, &c. Is -ra 4, C « m ■ U = 60 Q o _= Picolata, Outlet of Suwaney River, 100 40 140 No. 6, From ^S^. TfeTarA.-^ to Fort Gadsden. Ockelockony River, - Fort Gadsden, 28 20 48 No. 7. From Pensacola to Fort Gadsden. Choctaw River, Fort Gadsden, 85 70 155 No. 8. From Pensacola to Milledgeville, by Mitchell. Fort Conecuh River, [/] Alabama State Line, Fort Mitchell, [w] Milledgeville, 30 140 117 12 42 182 299 No. 9. From Pensacola to Mobile, Alabama. Perdido River, [rt\ Blakelj, [o] Mobile, by water, [p] - 30 13 15 45 58 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, &:C. 371 [ZJ Conecuh river, which rises in Alabama, and runs through West Florida into Pensacola bay. It is navigable upwards of 100 miles. [m] Fort Mitchell, Georgia, Creek Indians ; 223 S. Milledge- ville, W. 799. [n] Perdido, r. which runs S. separating West Florida fiom Alabama, and flows into the Gulf of Mexico, 12 W. Pensacola, and 32 E. Mobile Point, ft forms a considerable bay at its mouth. This river is considered the pastern boundary of Lou- isiana, as ceded by France to the United States, [o] Blakely, post-town and capital Baldwin county, Alaba- ma, on fhe Tensaw, or east channel of the Mobile ; 6 N. \Io- bilebay, 10 ENE. Mobile, W. 1100. Lat. 30 43 N. This town was laid out in 1813, by Josiah Blakely, Esq. The streets are laid out 99 feet wide, crossing each other at right angles, running N. and S., E. and W. The site occupies a mile square, and is elevated and pleasant. The harbour is convenient and secure. Vessels drawing 12 feet water can enter the port at full tide, and those that draw 16 feet, can approach within 12 miles. The town is abundantly supplied with excellent water, and is expected to become a place of commercial importance, a newspaper is published here. [p] Mobile, city, port of entry, and cap. Mobile co. Alaba- ma, on W. side of the river of the same name, at its entrance into Mobile bay ; 30 N. Mobile Point, which is on E. side of the mouth of the bay, 55 W. by N. Pensacola, 10 W. by S, Blakely, 90 by land, and 120 by water S. St. Stephens, 150 8. by W. Cahawba, 160 ENE, New Orleans, W. 1,086. Lon. 88. 21. W. Lat. 30. 40 N. Pop. in 1822, estimated at 2,800 It contains a court house, a jail, a bank, 2 printing offices, i houses of public worship, one Protestant, the other Catholic; 6 wharfs, 110 stores and ware houses, and 240 dwelling-houses The buildings are generally of wood, and those recently erect ed, are mostly of 2 stories. The site is on a beautiful and extensive plain, elevated about 15 feet above the level of high tides, and open to refreshing breezes from the bay, of which it commands a handsome prospect. The streets are generally of good width, and most of them intersect each other at right angles. The approach to the harbour, for vessels drawing more than 8 feet of water, is circuitous and difficult. Within a low grassy island, which lies opposite to the town, there is a good shelter for vessels. Mobile was first settled about 1700. It was taken posses- sion of by the U. S. in 1813, at which time it contained about 100 houses, r ostly mean decaying wooden buildings of one story. It was incorporated as a city in 1819, and has become a place of flourishing commerce. During the year ending Sept, 30, 1821, 25,390 bales of cotton were shipped from this port. 372 DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, SlC, The number of clearances, in 1818, was 274, and of entrances, including barges and keel boats, 360. The value of importa- tions was estimated at upwards of 5^3,000,000. The shipping belonging to this district, in 1818, amounted to 2,216 tons. Koads West of the Alleghany Mountains^ commencing with those in the State of Ohio. 374 STATE ROADS, Roads vjestofthe Alleghany Mountains^ com- mencing loith those in the State of Ohio, No. 1. I From Cincrnnata to Detroit. I JNo. 3. From Cincinnati toPerrysburg, TOWNS, fcc. Headiri[r ..•.. Lebanon. •. Dayfnn^ [a] Staunton Cross Miami River to Troy|/;] Piq^a [f] » Fort Loraoie ........ Fort St. Mary,..^... Fort Amanda.* Fort Jennings.... ... Fort Brown.. .....^. Fori Defiance. ..t.... Cross Maumee River to Wolf Rapids [rfj Ferry sburg and Fort Meigs Line of Miciiigan T. Munroe Cross River Raisin to -Huron Rjver Brownstovvn .Rouge River......... Petroit i %\ "lo' 35: 61 851 114' 126 140 158 18i)| 196 228 234 246 2(14 279 28 29 300 Reading.. ,...., Lebanon........ Xenia, \e] Yellow Springs, Urbanna, [o-J.. Solomonstown,.. Fort MacArthur Foil Necessity..- Fort Fiulay, .., Fort Portage... Pf. rrysbnr g, [A] No. No. 2. From Cincinnati to Rhicaso. Mari'^, Fort St. above. Cross St. Mary's river Fort Wayne.... Kankakoe River Head of Lake Michi- ga" 126 153 188 268 31 338/ TOW^NS, &C. [/].. 25 25 10 21 30 20 13 20 29 181 "To 35 60 70 91 121 HI 154 174 203 221 4. From Cincinnati lo Fort CO very. Re- Hamilton Fa ton F^ort Jefferson. Fort Recovery, 21 25 46 21 67 31 98 No. 5. From Cincinnati to Centrevi/lej Ind. Crosby...... [ndiana State Line. Brookville„, Centreville 17 9 26 12 38 28 66 No. 6. From Cincinnati to Colnmhiis. Heading Lebanon Xenia London f>eer Creek... Darby Creek. Franldinto7i, . Columbus... 10 35 60 90 94 102 114 115 DESCRir^riON OT TOWNS, &€. [a\ Is situated on level ground, upon the eastern bank of the Great Miami River, just below the confluence of that and Mud Kivers. it is a flourishing town, the seat of justice for Mont- gomery county, and contains an academy, 2 places of worship, upwards of 20 offices and mercantile stores, of various kinds, and above 100 dwelling houses ; besides which, are numerous mills in the vicinity, particularly on Mud River, which js excel- lently calculated for machinery of every kind, necessary to be propelled by water. Distance from Columbus, 66 miles. [b] The seat of justice for Miami county, Ohio, on west bank of the Great Miami, which river rises in the Indian lands, NW. of Champaign county, interlocking in its course, with the head waters of the Sciota. It runs in a soutlj-westerly direc- tion, above 100 miles across the north-western part of Cham- paign, and through Miami, Montgomery, Butler, and Hamilton counties, into the Ohio River, exactly in the south-western cor- ner Of the State, by a mouth 200 yards wide. The river is bor- dered by some of the best arable lands in the State, but is not of easy navigation on account of the rapidity of its current, — It is, however, navigated to a limited extent, 75 miles, and some of its waters approach so near those of the Anglaize, a branch of the Maumee, that a communication is effected by a portage of 6 miles. [cj A post-town in Miami county, Ohio, principally noted as being the place of residence of one of the Indran Agents, and fui: several minor treaties here held with the original natives. [d] A consitlerable river, rising in the north-eastern part of the State of Indiana, and flowing north-easlwaidly across the north-western borders of the State of Ohio, enters the western extremity of Lake Erie. It is from 150 to 200 yards wide, and navigable 33 miles from the mouth, where commences a course of shoals and rapids, extending 15 miles, to within 18 miles of. the Lake. [e] Capital of Green county, Ohio, on Shawnee Creek, 3 miles from the Little Miami, and 55 south-westwardly from Co- lumbus, containing an academy, a courthouse, 2 houses of wor- ship, 11 stores, and 600 inhabitants. [/] Situated in Green county, near the source of the Little Miami, are considered a curiosity, and are said to possess strong medicinal qualities. Here is a post-ofiice. [g] A flourishing town, and capital of Champaign county, Ohio, situated in a fertile and fast improving district of country. It contains the county buildings, a churcii, a bank, a printing- office, a market house, 9 mercantile stores, 120 houses, princi- pally of wood, and 600 inhabitants. [/t] A town recently laid out at the lower rapids of Maumee river, on its SE. bank, 140 NW. from Columbus. It is named in honour of Captain Perry, who won his celebrated victory a ^boit, distance fsom the raouth of the Maumee. 3TQ' STATE ROADS. o H I o — Coniiniied, No. 7-. From Marietta lo Zanesinlle. No. 13. From Portsmouth to Columbus^ 3 t. || 16 24 14 54 and thence to Sandusky B. Tow^'s, &c. 1 Chillicothe 19 25 25 40 31 9 11 45 'Circleville Columbus, [oj. 64 89 114 Cioss Muskingum Ri- ver, [j] jUpper Sandusky 154 185 194 205 Meigs Creek,,.. .,.,i. Lower Samlusky jSandusky Bay ZantsHlk.t ..,., No. ?u From Mnrielta to Gallipolu. No. 14. From Columbus to the Mouth of Hockhocking R. [fcj.. Projection of the Ohio Rivef 20 19 25 45 Huron River. Berkshire... .......... 24 18 25 25 11 23 47 Mansfield 65 ly, ^^ 90 115 No. 9. From Marietta to ChiUicoihe. Avery.............. . iMouth of Huron R.. 126 Athens, [/] 4G 4 38 84 80 1 No. 15. !6ciota River ,From Columbus to Greenville. 20 26 34 25 No. 10. From Steubenville [m] to Ma- rietta. 46 Troy iGreenville 80 105 St. ClairsviUe, jn]... Sunfish Creek 25 24 10 26 51 73 85 j No. 16. From Zanesvdle to Cleveland. Duck Creek j Coshocton. Salem ............. 17 19 24 18 42 30 47 Ne w Phdadelph ia.... No. 11; From Sleube7iviHe to Salem, on Coneought River. 66 90 108 150 Yellow Creek «,..,.. • 15 16 31 24 55 31 86 I No. 17. Poland [From Gallipolis to Chilhcothe. 28 30 SSalem 30 116 jChillicothe 58 No. 12. From StmhenviUe to Woosler. No. 18. From Gallipolis to Portsmoutk. i>anfiv Creek |44 42 1 86 Svmmpc''; T'rppk .... 1 1 A ^Vooster Portsmoulh 33! 47 DESCRIPTION Of TOWNS, fcC. ^^377 [J] Muskingum is the largest river in Ohio, running its whole distance in the State. It rises in the southern borders of the Connecticut Western Reserve, and flowing in a very winding, but generally south-westwardly direction, falls into the Ohio river at Marietta, by a mouth 250 yards wide. It is navigable for large batteaux, 100 miles, according to the various windings of the river, and 45 miles farther into a small lake, with boats, from whence with one mile portage, a water communication is effected through Cuyahoga river, into Lake Erre. [k] Hockhocking river, Ohio, rises in the central parts of Fairfield county, and flowing in a south-eastern direction, 80 miles, enters the Ohio river at Troy, 25 miles below Marietta. Its width does not exceed 50 yards, but from its depth in pro- portion to the quantity of water, it is one of the best streams' for boat navigation in the country. Near its source is a very romantic cascade in the stream, the water falling over a stratum of rock, of above 40 feet perpendicular height. [/] The seat of justice for Athens county. It is situated on a peninsula, formed by a large southerly bend of the Hockhocking river, which beautifully winds about the town, ft has an elevat- ed healthy situation, commanding an extentive prospect of the surrounding country. The Ohio University was incorporated in 1801, but is not yet in full operation. Pesrdes the college bo-ildings, the town contains a court-house and about 5o dwel- ling houses. [wij A flourishing town on the west^ern bank of the Ohio ri- ver, and seat of justice for Jefferson county, ft is regularly laid out, was incorporated in 1805, and contained in 1820, 2,539 inhabitants. It is remarkable for a number of mills and manufactories, the machinery of which is put in operation by the power of steam. Besides which, there are 3 churches, aa academy, 2 banks, a market house, 30 mercantile stores, a print- ing-office, and had, in 1817, 453 houses ; 38 miles WSVV. from Pittsburg, and 150 E. by N. from Columbus. [n] The seat of justice for Pelmont county, Ohio, having an elevated position on the great road, leading from Wheel'no-, Va. to the interior of the State; 11 miles W. from Wheeling, 70 E. Zanesville, and 130 in the same direction from Columbus. It is pleasant and flourishing, situated in a country hilly, but fertile in grain, and contains the county buildings, 3 churciics, a bank, 2 printing-offices, 15 stores, and 641 inhabitants. [o] Columbus, the capital of the State of Ohio, was laid out in 1812, the native timber then standing. In 1817, it contain* ed a handsome state-house, 75 by 50 feet, a building for the {jublic offices, on a line with it, 120 by 25, a bank, a peniten- tiary, a market-house, 2 printing-offices, 200 dwelling-houses, aiid 1400 inhabitants. It has a fine elevated situation, on the E. bank of Sciota^ just below the confluejnce of the Whetstone 378* STATE RO\DS. KENTUCKY No. 1. From Frankfort [/>] to Cincin- nati^ Ohio. TOWNS, &:c. iVelbons... Arnolds ... Gaines CincjiiMati. 16 1\ No. 2. From Frankfort to Augusta. Georgetown. Cynlhianna. Augusta \q\. No; 3. From Frankfort to Casei/rille. No. 7. From Lcocinglon to Preston- burg. Winchester.*.. Mount Steilini; Indian Valley. Burning Sprint Prestonbwg.. . 18 30 57 92 112 No. 8, From Lexington to Port Wil- liam Eagle Creek Re-cross f^aj^le Cretk Port William Lawreucebui Harrodsburg. Perryville... Caseyvdlle,.., No. 4. From Frankfort to Hopkinsville Hardinsville.... Bloomfield...,. Elizabethtovvn. Lichfield Moigantovvn... Russelville Hopkinsviile. . 9 28 37 35 72 27 99 28 127 28 155 33 188 No. 5. From Lexington to Auousla. Licking Kiver, South Fork, [r] Marysvilie Augusta No. 6. From Paris to Cincinnati. Kalniouth ..... Newport, [s].., Cincinnati 26 46 ei No. 9. From Louisville \t^ toCincinnati Middletown Newcagtli'.... Big Lick iGains (Newport Cincinnati 38 59 86. 101 102 No. 10. From Louisville to Cumberland Gap, by Danville. Beech Fork Dajirille, ,■"'/] Cumberland Gap. \i 93 29 52 145 No. 11. From Louisville to RussehUk. Salt river... . Lichfield Morgantown. Russelville,., 21 69 99 129 No 12. From Louisville to |Hairodsburg , Nfwmaiket Cross Green River, Horsewell. Tennessee State Li Gainsborough...... Sparta... ,,.<,. Sparta, T. 14 47 71 92 29 121 22 143 28! 171. DESCRIPTION or TaWNS, &LC, *379 n ■ ' ■ ■ ^ ^ river, in the centre of Franklin county, and within 20 miles of the centre (if the state ; 115 miles north-easlwardly from Cin?- cinnat', and 90 from the mouth of Sciota river. [■p\ Metropolis of Kentucky, in Franklin county, on Kentucky- liver, 60 miles above its confluence with the Ohio. Its situation is on an alluvial plain, 200 feet lower than the ground in its rear. The river which is here 100 yards wide, forms a hand- some curve, and waters the southern and western parts of th& town. The situation, which was formerly unhealthy, has been nruch improved by draining. The state house is built of rough mar- ble, 86 by 54 ; besides which, there are a court-house, a market house, a state bank, an academy, 2 churches, and 3 printing- offices ; there are, also, several rope-walks, and other manufac- tories. Large brigs have been built here aud sent to New Or- leans. Population, 1,679. [q] A pleasant town, ai^d capital of Bracken county, Kerv- tucky, 60 miles NE, from Lexington. It contaiirs the county buildings, an academy, and church. f r] Rises in Licking county, Ohio, and running E. enters the Muskingum, opposite Z'anesville. Near its mouth are falls which afford many excellent mill seats. [5] Capital of Campbell county, Kentucky, opposite Cincin* nati, just above the entrance of the Licking river. It has a beau- tiful situation, on an elevated plain, commanding a fine pros- pect, and contains the county buildings, a bank, an academy., a market-house, and a United States' arsenal, [t] Louisville, capital of Jefferson county, Kentucky, is situ- ated on the Ohio, at the head of the Rapids, 122 miles below Cincinnati. Ls site is on an eminence, 70 leet above the shores of the river, towards which it gradually descends to a narrow pin in along its banks. It is the second town in the State, and contiins 2 banks, one of which is a branch of the United States' bank, an academy, 2 printing-oflices, various other public build- ings, and extensive rope-walks and manufactories. Population 4,012. [u] Capital of Mercer county, Kentucky^ a flourishing towir, C'^ntainingiheco'inTy buildings, a bank, a printing otlice, a church, and in 1817, 200 houses. There are also several valuable mills and manufactories. It is situated in a fertile and populous country, and intended to be the seat of a college, a charter for which has been granted by the Legislatnre. ^,[t'] A pass through the Cumberland Mountains, in CJairborne county, Tennessee, 130 miles S. of Lexington. The Cumber- land Mountains commence in SW. part of Pennsylvania, and in Virginia takes the name of Laurel Mountains, and passing through the SE. part of Kentucky, teiminate in Tennessee, SO- ir^iles SE. N-ashville. 380^ STATE ROAD&. TENNESSEE. No. 1. From JSTashvil/e to Si. Stfcifnbocifi Louis; by Cross Tennessee river to Forked Deer River Big Hatchet River.... Wolf River 67 20 32 22 1 35 65 12 14JJ 163 195 Memphis Cross Mississippi R... St. Francis River, [a] White River, [b] ■/Arkansas 21 T 218 253 318 330 TOWNS, &C. w '7' la it 33 50 74 124 185 327 Mouth of Haipeth R 17 24 50 61 142 Little Rock, [c] 1601 490 Clarksville [y]....r... Dover.. .....••*>>.^*<< No. 5. From Nashville to Ntlchez. Ohio River Junction of the Ohio & Mississippi rivers Forked Deer River, as above Mississippi St. Line. Head of Yazoo River Upper Creek Choctaw Agency |rf].. Natchez.. 30 20 120 105 110 143 173 193 No. 2. From Kashvill". to St. Louis, by Smithland. 313 418 528 Clarksville 40 85 109 125 142 175 232 264 302 Eddyville 45 24 16 17 33 ■57 32 38 No. 6. ^ mit hlnnfi. ........... From Nashville to Lexington, Fort Massac Kentucky. Wilkinsonville Cape Gerardeau St. Genevieve^ {z\»».. Bowling Green....... 31 39 53 33 65 96 135 Sulphur Springs St. Louis Danville...... ........ 188 Lexington 2?l No. 3. From j^ashvilk to Si. Louis, by Shawneetown. No. 7. From Nashville to LouisviUe, Kentucky. 30 33 23 25 28 136 28 58 91 114 139 167 203 T? ii<5sp1 villfi. ..••••••.. Horsewell, as in Ken- tucky, No. 12 1 30 31 21 9CI Madisonville Harpshead ,., ► Cross Ohio river to 128 Salt River 159 IftO Shavvneetown St. Louis No. 8. From Nashville to Henderson, No, 4. Kentucky. From Nashville to Little Rock, ./Arkansas. Clarksville ... Hopkinsville 33 32 38 40 73 1 31 451 76 105 Heynoldsburg,. ....... Henderfon, [ff]. ....... 14^ DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, kc* *38l <'t .r .+■ . ■ \y] Capital of Montgomery county, Tennessee, on N. bank of the Cumberland, 60 miles NW. from Nashville. It contains a court-house, a jail, and in its vicinity there is an academy. [z] St. Genevieve is situated on the W. bank of the Missis- sippi, 120 miles above the mouth of the Ohio, and 60 milea^ be- low St. Louis. The town lies a mile from the landing, at the rnouth of the Gabbarie, and on ground which is handsome- ly elevated. It was originally settled by the French from Kas- kaskia, and although a considerable part of the inhabitants are now Americans, the French character s-till predominates. This is one of the principal lead markets ; formerly all the lead made at the mines, was shipped from this place. It contains a Roman Catholic chapel, a court-house, and about 300 houses. A branch of the Missouri bank is here established. [a] This river rises in the mining district. Missouri, and run- ning a southerly course, 500 miles with its windings, and about half that distance in a direct line, enters the Mississippi, 107 miles above Arkansas. It is navigable 250 miles, and flows through various kinds and qualities of land, some excellent, mixed with some that i? rocky, and much that is swampy, low, and overflown. [b] White river originates among the Pawnee Mountains, near the 97 degree of VV. longitude, and about the 36th of N. latitude, and after running a very serpentine course for 1300 miles, enters the Mississippi, 50 miles abov« the mouth of the Arkansas, and 700 above New-Orleans. Its wateis are beau- tifully clear and transparent.* [c] Little Rock, the seat of Government for Arkansas Terri- tory, is situated in the county of Pulaski, on the S. bank of the Arkansas, about 150 miles from its mouth by land, and 300 by water. The most important town in the Territory, containing the offices of government, a land-office, a printing-office, and several trading houses. Its site is on a bluff, on which is a rock, the first that is seen in ascending the river: the place on this account has obtained its name. [d] The Choctaw Agency, in the Choctaw country, Mi. 4 miles W. Pearl river. There is also a mission established among the Choctaw lu'-ians at Elliot, on a branch of the Ya- zoo, and another on a branch of the Tombigbee. This nation, estimated to be in number 20 or 25,000, reside between the Mississippi and the Tombigbee, and appear to be susceptible of improvement in the arts of civilized life. [e] Capital of Henderson county, Kentucky,, on the Ohio, a small town, containing a court-house and a bank. Its trade consists principally in tobacco. * For a more particular account of this river, see Schools craft's "View of the Lead Mines of Missouri," from which se- veral extracts are taken. 182* STATE ROADS. TENNESSEE — Continued, No. 9. F'l'oni J^IiiTfrcBuborou^h, to Tip-,,} Monticello Columbia ............ 33 34 17 37 18 22 89 123 noldshurg. Cireensburg, [/i] 3aidstownj[i],.J..,.. Shepherdsville LiOuisviile. •«••.•••... 140 TOWNS. Sic. <- tr ,t - a. Tw 34 40 si 27 61 177 195 917 No 14 Franklin, [/] Vernon... ....• Reynoldsbiirg From Knoxville to Cumberland Gap. No. 10. From Murfreeshoro"* to Hunts - ville, Alabama. Rutledge....... Cumberland Gap.... 27 60 No. 15. Shelbyville 22 30 30 52 82 Fro7n Knoxville to Lexington^ Kejitucky. Fayetteville Huntsville ir . ^r i:...^T" t as in No. 13 Cumberland river [/].. Maple Swamp Lancaster, [k] Kentucky River 30 27 20 20 No. 11. From Murfreesborough to Car- thage. 56 86 113 IjBbcinon.. .....•...•.• 24 24( 48 133 147 167 No. 12. From Murfreesborough to Wash- ington. No. 16. From Florence to the Mouth of Tennessee River ; by Steam- boat. RlcVlinville 35 30 33 68 Washington i. »..».... viouth of Bear Creek T-^nnesseeSt. Line,,[/T Doe River Duck River .... Reynoldsburg Big Sandy River, bn].. Ohio River 15 36 54 12 32 42 21 No. 13. From Knoxville to LouisvUk, Kentucky. 75L 129 141 34 22 56 17 i Kentucky State Lme. 215 ALABAMA. 15 63 20 88 45 133 25 158 ' 53 211 No. 1. From Mobile [n] to New Orleans by Green Court-House, Mis- sissippi. Mississippi Stave Line Chickasavvhay., I 10! Green Court House.. Black Creek. Fordsville VVasiiington C House New-Orleans ........ m DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS, oiial(lsvilIe Canal to Lake Veret.. Lake Veret Over Lake Veret Lake Palourde, West End Atcliafalaya River.... Franklin, or St. Ma- ry's Courtiiouse.... Sorrel iNew Iberia to Atla kapas Bayou Fousilier OpcloLisas Pine Prairie Bayou Boeuf ........ 20 22 i!9 109 IIG 119 141 148 172 189 208 2:^7 270 300 324 Alexandria Cross Red River to Bayou Flaggon.... Big Creek Little Creek Bushly Cre^k Ocatahoola Bayou Calumet Prairie de Lait Munroe Hot Springs, as in last JNo St. Louis as in last No, 45 361* 11 6 3 30 8 16 14 36 182 398 380 386 389 419 427 443 457 493 675 1073 No. 3. From JVeiP'Orleans to St LoU' is by Natchitoches and Hot Springs. Pine Prairie, as in last No Bayou Crocodile.. ... B. Cypriere Mort Terre Blanche Bayou Conchatta.... Natchitoches [v] Cross Red River to Campte Tullins Vauclierie.... White Oak Creek.... Little Missouri River, Fouche auCado...... Wasliitta River Hot Springs, [w] St. Louis, as in Lou- isiana, No. 1 9 32 12 15 16 11 26 132 12 20 24 9 398 300 309 341 353 368 384 395 421 553 565 5Su 609 618 1016 No. 4. From JVew-Orleans to JVatchi- t aches and Millars Court House, near the Great Bend of Red River. Natchitoches, as in last No Prudhornme.. Sotos, Bertrauds.. .......... 384 413 427 437 DESCRIPTION OP TOWNS, &;c. *389 [s] St. Michael is situated on a plain on Village Creek, which falls into the River St. B'rancis a mile below. It is an old French village, of about 50 houses, including several stores and a post- oflSce, and lies in the richest farming district in Madison county, Missouri. The seat of justice for the county, has late- ly been fixed on rising grounds, about 600 yards S. of the vil- . lage, and a town laid out there, called Frederickloivn. [t] Potosi, and Mine a Burton, form one connected village, which may altogether consist of 80 buildings, including a court house, jail, and academy. Potosi lies on a handsome eminence, a little N. of the principal mines, and separated only from Mine a Burton, by the Mine Creek. This village is pleasantly situ- ated in the centre of the Mining District, and surrounded, also, by several fine bodies of land. It is built in a better style than the villages in the country generally, has a neat and thriving ap- pearance, and contains several handsome edifices. It is 65 miles distant from St. Louis, and 45 from St. Genevieve. [w] A large navigable stream rises near the head waters of^' the Gasconade, in the range of hills in the interior of the State of Missouri, and running a devious course, empties into the Mississippi, 18 miles below St Louis. The town of Merri- mack was laid off on the banks of this stream in 1817, 30 miles W. of St. Louis. [D] Or, Makitosh, is the capital of Natchitoches county Lou- isiana, on SW. bank of Red river, about 200 miles above its junction with the Mississippi, and 200 m. ina right line, N W. New Orleans. It is the largest town in Louisiana, W. of the Mis- sissippi. About two-thirds of the inhabitants are Americans, and the remainder French. It contains a Roman (ilatholic chiAfth, a jail, and a United States' factory. A few miles above the town, on Red river, is the seat of the Indian Agency. Pop. in 1318, upwards of 600. Iw] These springs are 6itu?fi'ice, Museum, all of which arc within two squares of the above •:st.abli£hment. REMARKS. Brown's Hotel is so well known and appreciated as one o the first establishments of the kind in the Union, and so much the resort of Gentlemen and families visiting Washington in session time, and all other seasons of the year, that farther commendations here, would be unnecessary. WASHINGTON HOTEL, Pennsylvania Avenue, A fsw doors west of the Mansion House. JOSHUA TEN NISON informs his friends and the citizens riiioughoui the Uiiioij who may resort to Washington, that he will be ha])py tc wait on theuy at the . WASHINGTON HOTEL, and will endeavour to rcr.d^r their stny with him satisfactory and agcpeable, arid as his bar and tabla will be supplied with the best tirticles, let it be tikeu for granteti, without going into partic6lar detail, that allinclndsd in a good boavdiDg hcubc or hotel will be found here. Charges will- be moderate as the times will possibjy admit. o2 AD VERTI s EM KXTS — Washington City* WILLIAM GUNTON Druggist and .^pothccari/, Has coh- staiitly on hand, anri offers to dispuse of, on liberijl terms, wiiole- sak' niul retail, at his genuine Dji;g find Meciicai Stove, si^.^ ol' the Golden Head of Dr. Piiysick, corner of Ninth street and roniif^ylvania Avenue, Washington City. An extensive supply of Drugs and Medicines of every descrip- tion, uufi of nic^t excellent qjality. — Surgeons and Dentists.' Insti lunents — Saratoga and Ballston water. Various kinds of English, French, and N. Smith PrentissTs Fancy Soaps, and other Perfumery. Elegatit Tortoise-shell, Ivory and other combs, of every sort and size. Spectacles in gold, silver, shell and steal frames, goggles, ope- ra glasses, and several sorts of thermometers. Clothes, ilair, Hat, Shaving, Teeth, Nail, and Comb Brushes, '.X great variety. Penknives, Scissois, Razors, Razor Straps, Hones, Shaving looses, and Shaving Cases, and apparatus complete for travel- ing and fhe toilet. A very choice assortnnent of Carriage Gig Hunting and Switch Whips, ivory Hnd bone mounted, wire and other plait, and j)lain. Bamboo, P^naug, Orange and other Walking Canes, with and Avi'ihout swords. Reticules, Thread-cases, Pocket books, Wallets, Visiting and Flaying Cards, Silver Pencil cases, and various other Fancy arucles. Ho/se hair, silk, silk worm gut, and Chinese Iwist, Angling lines, on reels and single ; Cases of artificial flies, the best Limerick, and other Fish hooks. Paints, thy and ground, in oil ; Painters brushes ; Graining and sash tools; Horse and shoe brushes; Blacking, Oils, Var- ni.ihes, Dying Ingredient s, Sic. &c. &c. iO"' INledicines prescribed by Physicians, prepared with ih? utmost care and accuracy ; and at any hour of the night. WILLIAM WARD'S Wholesale and retail Dry (iood Store, A few doors west of Brown's Hotel, Pennbylvania Avenue, Washington City, where niay be constantly had a large assort- ment of British, French, India, and Domestic, Dry Goods ; including ail kinds of Fancy Goods. He also keeps, at al! limes, a large supply of Scotch, Ingrain, and Venetian Carpet- iiig, all of the best quality, and on the lowest terms. 31(LITARY, JEWELRY, & FANCY WARE- HOUSE. . S. MAST, Sign of the Golden Watch & Spectacle, Pennsyl- vaiiiu Avenue, Washington City, has constantly on hand a large ADVERTISEMENTS — Washington City, 377 . nr ■ . ■ • — —^ and elegant assortment of fancy goods, in the greatest possible variety, consisting of Gold and silver patent Lever, horizontal, duplex, repeating and plain watciies. Eight day clocks, mantle lime pieces, and ornaments a la grand Fine jewelry, composed of diamond breast pins, ear and fingei- rings, necklaces, bracelets, lockeis, medallions, ik.c. Chnrch and service plate on hand, of every patern, silver and plated. Diamond, ruby, emerald, turquois, (pearls strung or set,) and ^11 otner precious stones, set to the newest fashion, plain or or- namental. S. Masi has in his establishrnent the best artists employed in the manufacture of either gold, silver, settiiig, or chas'd work, to compete with the first European style. Silver and steel spet tacles, coral beads, steel ornaments, per- fumery, &c. (Military) swords, dirks, epaulets, wings, aculettes, sashes, plumes, (osirah, vulture and common,) belts, gold and silver lace, cord solingen loils, k.c. &c. &c. Clocks and watches of every desc-iption repaired by Jacob Leonard, and all kinds of engraving, die sinking, seal cut- ting, chasing, Szc. kc. executed by R. G. Lanpiiier, su that this^'^tablishment possesses every facility to furnisl) goods of any- kind ur quality lo be found either in Europe or America, A. B. Countiy dealers will find ii to their advantage to call, as goods can be turnished at New York and Philadelphia prices. AUCTION MART, Weightman's Buildings, Penn. Avenue, Washington City. MOSES POOR, Auctioneer and General Commission Mer- ehant, holds two public sales a week ; and during the session of C'.ngiess, in addition, regular evening sales of dry goods and books Having extensive chambers, generally well filled with the most fashionable articles of household lurnilure, those who are furnishing their houses, as Well as those who have aitirles of this desfription to dispose of, will find it their interest to patron- ize tliis t stablishment. Sales of City Lots, the property of non-residents, attended to : and information relative to location, value, ^c. given, on applica'ion, by post. All letters asking iifforniaiion must come jiost paidf to ensure attention. Liberal advances on goods deposited for public sale. 378 ADVERTISEMENTS — Washington City* Fashionable Millinery, Ladies Dress, Pelisse 4* Habit Store, on Pennsylvania Avenue, a few doors from the Mansion House, Washington City. Mrs. ELIZA DODD most respectfully invites the fashiona- ble Ladies from every part of the Union, who may resort to the American Capitol, to call at the above long established store, •where may be had as cheap as in N. York, Philadelphia, or any City in the Union, the latest London and Paris fashions, of the iirst style, in every department of Ladies ornamental dresses, in which utility, fashion and taste, are united. August, 1824. CHEAP TRAVELLING. The Steam-boat Potomac, Uriah Jenkins, master, will start from Washington every Wednesday afternoon, at 4 o'clock, and from Alexandria at 5 the same evening, for Norfolk. The Potomac will arrive at Norfolk on the evening of Thurs- day, and leave there the next morning, at 6 o'clock, for City point and Richmond. Ptelurniiig, the boat will leave Richmond at 6 o'clock on Sun- day morning, slopping for passengers at City Point, and arriv- ing at Nurfolk the same evening. Will leave Norfolk every Monday morning, at 9 o'clock, for Alexandria and Washington. dir Passengers will be taken on board the Potomac at any place where a flag is seen hoisted. Note.- — Tlie Potomac is otie of the largest, most comraodl- ouTBy aad elegant steamboat on the An>eiican waters. ADVERTISEMENTSv 379 GEORGETOWN, D. C, COLUMBIAN INN. A'ear the corner of Bridge and High Streets y George^ town D. C. JOSEPH SEMMES, respectfully announces to his old frienda, to strangers, anH tra\elle.rs generally, that he still continues the above establishment, which is one of the most pleasant and cen- tral situations in Georgetown. His rooms are airy and pleasant, his conveniences and pre- parations, united with a wish to render genteel company agree- able, will no doubt ensure him a continuance of public favour. N B Hacks and carriages are ready at request to convef persons to any part of the District of Columbia. JAMES THOMAS, Book Seller, Stationer & Publisher, Cornet of Bridge (or main') and Congress Streets, Georgetown, D.C. Where books and puhlic-uions in every department of litera- ture may be obtained at the New York prices, and as low as in any city in the Union. The idea of any inequality betweeil the piices of books in the D'strict and the large cities of the no:th, v\ill be done away by calling as above. In connection with the book and stationary store, are fancy articles of various iinds. blank books and booK-binding. Juiy, 1824. WILLIAM NOYES, a few doors above the Union Bank, Ger.rge Town, manufactures and keeps const.uitly on hai\d, ladies, geullemeus, and childrens' shoes, of every description : Also, a complete assortment ol beaver, castor, and roram hats, of every pluipe and fashion. AIsoi a gener il assortm.ent of brushes, tortoise Fhell comb^ gloves, &LC. k.c. all disposed of on the nsost libera} terms. 380 ADVERTISEMENTS. BALTIMORE, INDIAN QUEEN HOTEL, Corner of Hanover and Market Streets, Baltimore. By DAVID BARNUM, (late of the Exchange CofTee House, Boston,) the Indian Queen is the largest h"tel in Baltimore; besides its eligibility, arising fron. its spaciousness, central situ- ation, and the pleasantness o( this part of thp city it is furnished and supplied, in all r«:'spects whatever, suitable to its fame as a hotel, not surpassed in Aioorira. All the stages which leave Baltimore, lun to, and fioin. the Indian Queen, and a great portion of the s^team boat passengers resort here, which circnm- stanres, render travelling inforniation easy to be obtained. A porter is kept up, particularly for the accommodation of Gentle- men aniving during the night. FOUNTAIN INN, Light Street, a little South of Market Street, Baltimore. JOHN H. BARNEY, liaving (again; leased, and now oc- cupying, the above establishment, begs leave to inform the pub- lic, and his old friends and customers in particular, that it shall be his endeavour to give satisfaction to all ihose who may deem proper to favour him with their custom. The house has every acconimodation necessary for the tra- veller's comfort. Good beds, clean rooms 6cc. Private/am' Hits can have separate rooms. THE STAGE COACHES, for Washington, leave and airive every day ; and the mail stage Jor Annapoi.is, Mondnj/, Wednesday, and Friday, and return the following days — Also, a Post Coach for Ph iladel- PHiA, during the wiiilei, for llie express purpost of accommo- dating his customers, while the steam boats are delayed by the ice. 1824. GLOBE INN, By GEORGE BELTZHOOVER, Corner of Market and Howard streets. In fitting up this extensive establi>hment, no expense has been spared, in order to render it a geiteel hotel of the hightst re- spectability, with accommodations equal to those iound in any hotel, in any city of the Union, families and tiavelling Par- ties, can be accommodated with private parlours, as unmolested and retired as in their own hoii.-es. Tiiose disposed may leave their horses at the stables attached to the Globe ln» with the as- ADVERTISEMENTS — Baliwiore, 38 1 burance of having 'the best attention paid to them, and at a nuxieratp chariie. N. B. — All Stages, leaving Baltimore, will take passengers from thfe Globe inn; where, also, niay be obtained carriages for any part of the country. June, 18r.i4. ' WHEATFIELD INN, In Howard, a little North Mari.et Street, Baltimore; By /iSAHEL HUSSEY, whose long established house of geniyel entertainnjent, a'oe.v, and iAa//, continue to merit that liberal and increasing patioriage from western merchants and travellers, generally, which it has received for many years. TRAVELLERS GUIDE. THE UNITED STATES' MAIL and vigilance Coaches, or Washington, departs from the office adjoining Barnum's Hotel, daily. The former, immediately after the arrival ol" the steam boat, arriving in Washington by lO o'clock, A. M ; anrJ the latter at 9 o'clock, dining on the road, and arriving early in the evening. THE UNITED STATES' MAIL COACH, for Philadelphia, departs from the same office, (luring the suspension of steam boats, every afternoon at 3 o'clock, carrying but six inside pas- sengers, and arriving in Philadelphia, by noon, next day. THE UNITED STATES' MAIL, and accommodation Coach- fs, for Wheeling, leaves the same office at 4 o'clock, A M. af- ter the arrival of the steam boat. The former on Tuesdays^ Thursdays, and Sundays, goinj; through in thif e and a fourth days ; the latter on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, going through in four days, performing the vvbole route by daylight. THE UNITED STATES' MAIL COACH, /or Pitisburgi runs from the same office, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Satur- dijys, at four o'clock, A. M ; arriving in Pittsburg in three and a half days. O" Travellers from the Phiiadelpliia boats, wishing to take seats, in either of these lines, ,will please apply immediately af- ter their arrival. O" The stages for York, Carlisle, and Emmitsburg, leave the same office as usuaL STOCKTON & STOKES. THE UNITED STATES' MAIL, to York, Harnsburg, and Lanvasttr ; through in one day to the latter places. The Uni- ted States' Mail Stage for the above routes, leaves the same of- fice, Baltimore, every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mor- tnng, branching at York, and arriving in Harrisburg and Lau* easier, early on the same evenings. STOCKT0x\ ^ STOKES, Prpprietors, between BaUiaiore and New \oxXj 58^ ADVERTISEMENTS — Baltimore, O" A stage for Northumberlaod, Wilkesbarre, and Owego, leaves Hanisburg, in connection of the above line, reaching Owe o in fnur days from Bahirnoie. UNITED STATES' MAIL COACHES, behoeen .Alexandria and IVinchcsler, connecting at the latter place, with the Ten- nessee line, Kia "Staunton, ice. Leaves Claggett's City Hotel, at 3 o'clock in the morning, on Sundays, Tuesdays, aiid Thursdays, and arriving at A^^inchester early the same evenings ; returning, will leave Colonel M'Guire's inn, the succeeding days, at 3 o'clock, A. M. and reach Alex- aiuh'ia early the same evenings. NOHFOLK LINE STEAMBOATS, Arrangement for lt]24. THE STEAMBOAT VIRGINIA,. CAPTAIN JOHN FERGUKSON, being thoroughly repaired with new cupper boilers, &c. leaves the lower end of Bowiey's wharf, Baltimore, every Thursday morning at 9 o'clock, and re- turning, leaves Newton's wharf, Norfolk, every Monday at the same hour. THE NORFOLK, CAPTAIN WILLIAM OWEN, every Monday morning at 9 o'clock, and returning^ every Thursday at the same hour. All baggage, packages, &c. at the risk of the owner or owners thereof. — Passage as usual. — Apply to the Captains onboard, or to Benjamin Furguson, 101, Bowiey's wharf. THE PA<:KETS, One of the regular packets^ will positively leave each place every Sunday morning at 9 o'clock, (and cftener if necessary.) — For freiglit or passage, apply as above. THE STEAM BOAT NORFOLK. CAPTAIN OWE.V, leaves the lower end of Bowiey's wharf, every Saturday at 9 o'clock, A. RI, for Havre-de-grace an« Port Deposit; returning, leaves Port Deposit on Sunday, at 10 t) 'clock, arrives in Baltimore 5 o'clock, P. M. — Passage vg2. B. FERGUSON, 101, Bowiey's uiiuf. NEW YORK h BALTIMORE, New line of Packets, for transportation of goods between tht 5»bove places. Sloop Express, Ensign Baker Master. Sloop Commodore Perry, Welti ah D. Perry do. Schooner Rose in Bloom, Henry Weeks do. Schooner WiHifitn, William Anthony dto', all good vessels, asd experienced captains. ADVERTiSEMFNTS — Ballimors, . . C John M. Lowry Si. Co. Cofte*? House Slip iN^. York. ^ ' (_ Kodgers & Symington, iio.vley's wharf, Baltimore, tlay of sailing, Safuttlay in each week. The subscribers will aitenri to the sale or forwarding any goods which may be directed to their address. KODGERS Sz SYMING'iON. BALTIMORE JEWELRY AND FANCY STORE, Corner of Market and Charles Streets. HUGH GELSTON, importer and manufacturer of silver and plated wares, jewelry, military and fancy goods, watches, Szc. of which he is constantly and most extensively supplied with a general assortment in his line, of the best quality and lateft patterns. — Also, perfumery, cosmetics, soaps, &c. and general variety store. A watchmaker, capable of executing" the most intricate work- manship, constantly employed. JEWELRY AND FANCY STORE, WOLCOT & GELSTON, Cornhill, opposite the old State House, Boston ; manufacturers and importers. WELLS, GELSTON, & PORTER, opposite the old State House, Boston ; importers and dealers, wholesale and retail, in jewelry, watches, military and fancy goods ; silver and plated wares, japauery, cutlery ; bronzed, gilt, and glass goods. MICHAEL DE YOUNG, 198 Market Street, Baltimore, nearly opposite Barnum's hotel, respectfully informs his friends, and the public in general, that he has a constant supply of goods, which he oilers for sale ai wholesale or retail, for cash, or ap[)roved papers, viz : — A new assortment of jewelry, as pearl, jet, stone, chased gold, &c.; breast pins, finger-rings, ear-rings, ornaments &c.; gold chains, seals, and keys, of the newest patterns, and elegant workmanship; gold and paste set jewelry, blue coral, and jet string fashionable ear-rings, necklaces, and a great variety of stone seals, and trinkets. Gold and silver patent levers, repeater?, and plain English watches, first rate, in style and quality ; musical seals ; also, common silver, and gilt watches. Masonic aprons, beads, tortoise-shell comb's and silver ani plated wares ; Jappaned and BiitlaHoia goods, with a general assortment of fancy articles. 384 ADVERTISEMENTS — Ballimofe, Mc. PHERSOJN'S Lottery and Exchange OJice, JVb. 202, Mar- ket Streets Bultimore, [di'ecibj opposite Bnrnuni's Hotel). At this office, rirkets in al! the BaltiiViOre lotteiies are always to be obtaine(J, in the greatest variety of numbeis, and on the most favourable terms. Notes of distant Banks, received in exchange for Current Money ; and trarvellers furnished will) money adapted to tlieir different routes. All orders for tickets by mail, or otherwise, will meet with the mostpvompt attention. — Address, JONAS JVrPHERSON, B'-iltimore. CLARK'S Lotteri^ and Exchange Offices, Baltinwre. STEPHEN CLAllFvS long established and permanent Loif- terp and jEj change Office, north west corner of Market and Cal- vert Streets. New office, No. 52, Market Street, 3 doors west of Gay Street, wlieie most all the different Bank notes in America are taken at the lowest rates of exchange, and tickets and shares kept constantly for sale, in all tlie lotteries drawn in Baltimore. CLOTPltNG STORE. GAFFNEY and MOONEY, No. 95^, Market Street, Balti- more, have constantly for sale, a general extensive assortment of ready made clothing, in the newest fashion, and on the most reasonable terms. G. & R. VVAITES', Lottert/ and Exchange Office, corner of Charles and Market Stri^els, Baliimore. COMB AND FANCY STORE. A. LILLY & CO. No. 225, Market Street, Baltimore, keep constantly on hand, a large and general assortment of articles in the above line : — among wiiich are, Real tortoise-shell coiubs, mock ditto, side ditto, imprest-handled pocket ditto, ivory ditto, ridding and dressing combs. A gen- eral assortment ofcuilevij, and a great rarieti/ of other articles, too numtrcAis to mention : — All of Vi'hich ihcy will dispose of on the most reasonable to,rn»s. O" Country Mercluints are particularly requested to call. *^* Orders received from any pan of the United State.<:, will be punctually attended to. t+t Combs, of any pattern, made on the shortest notice, on very moderate ternif?. J. W. KEIRLE -S:. SON, shoe, boot, and hat warehouse, JV(0. H3 & 145, Baltimore, corner of Light Street, Baltimore. ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia* 385 SEEDS, &c. The first general seed store established in Baltimore, upon an independent and universal knowledge ; where theory and science are combined, and knowledge derived from Grandsires, Sire nd fitted anew this extensive and commodious establishment, w'hirh is decided- ly the most central liouse in the city for business : it tas a num- ber of single bedded rooms, and, on the ground floor, it has a dining room, eighty feet in length, and three good sitting rooms. The house is within one square ot th^ bank, theatre, museum, atheneum, and city library. He assures those that may favour him with a call, th.it every attention shall be paid to iheir com- fort and convenience, by tlieir obedient servant, THOMAS HIESKELL. formerly of Virginia. ADY ERTi?EMENTS — Philadelphia, 387 ■"■»'..'■ . ■ ■ ■ ' -^== UNION HALL, ' Snuth-Vvest Corner of Chesmit and Front Streets, Pliihirl'Inhia, witliin oOOyardsof the New York and Baltimore Steiuu Hoati., The subscriber liaving opened that large and •cmniixliMus house at the south-west corner of Chesnut and F'ront siieets, Philadelphia, and at a very great expense fitted it up as a ho- tel, begs leave to solicit a shaie of public patronaiz,e. It being in the vicinity of the banks, public othce*;, custom- house, auction stores, and N"ew-York, and Baltimore stea\n- boats, induces him to believe that he will receive a liberal sliare of custom. His table shall be (urnished with the be^t the nuir- ket affords (whicii is proverbial for excellence) — His bar is stored with the best of liquors — His beds are entirely new — His rooms with the aid of Lehigh coal, are kept warm in win- ter — and by the gentle breezes of the Delaware, cool in summer. *^* His charges are moderate, and every exertion will be made to render the esiabiishnient advantageous to the public, JOS'A E. BRANSON. Attached to the house is a reading room, with upwards of 20 papers froni different parts of the Union. GOLDEN SWAN HOTEL, No. 69, North Third Street, Philadelpliia. The subscriber having taken the above establishment, which he has fitted up in the neatest manner, respectfully solicits the patronage of his friends and the public in general. ALEXANDER M'CALLA. Steam boat Franklin, leaves the lower side ot Market Street every day, except Sundays, at 6 o'clock, A. M.for New York. — This boat is in connection with the Union line Via, Trenton and New Brunswick, and is what is called a daily line, gbing from city to city in 12 hours. Fare through, g4. Steam boat Philadelphia, in connection with the above line, leaves daily, except Sundays, at 12 o'clock noon. Is called a day and half line, and arrives in New York the following morning, at 10 o'clock, A. M. Fare g3. Steam boats, Baltimore, Captain Jenkins, and Delaware, Captain Whildin, for Baltimore, Daily, (see advertisements). Fare, p. Steam boat Albemarle, for Bordentown, New Jersey, daily, (except Sundays,) at 12 o'clock, noon. Fare, 75 cents. Steamboat Superior, for Wilmington, daily, (except Sun^ days.) Fare SL 388 ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia. UNION TRANSPORTATION LINE, For the conveyence of Goods between the cities of New- York and Philadelphia, by the steam boats THISTLE, PHILADELPHIA, BELLONA and FRANKLIN, by way of i\ew Bruuswick and Trenton. The subscribers having made arrangements with the proprie- tors of the above boats, and having procured excellent baggage waggons, and the most experienced and careful drivers, offer their services to merchants, traders, and others to transpoit, up- uu the most reasonable terms. All gnods, -wares and merchandise^ Between the cities of New- York and Philadelphia. 0"Coods can be shipped by this line at 6 and 11 o'clock A. M. every day, (Sundays excepted) from either city, and landed at their place of destination the next day._ Goods for Baltimore ahd the western country will be immediately forwarded on their arrival in Philadelphia. The facilities which this line affords, particularly the rapidi- ty of the transportation, (an object of vast importance to spec- ulators,) and the unremitted exertions of the proprietors, will, it is confidently expected, insure a fair proportion of the patron- age of the public. tj-t Apply to George Abbk, at the office on the wharf, foot of Marketfield-street, New- York; and to David HiLi>, No. 5, South wharves, Pl.ilHuelphia. MILL, FISH & ABBE. — — ■ ■ ' " » — Baltimore Union Line, and United States'* MAIL STEAM BOATS. By way of New Castle, and French Town. Leaves the jower side or Market Street wharf eve.y day at 12 o'clock noon, and arrive in Baltimore early next morning in time for passen- gers to take the southern and western steam boats and stages. Passengers landed and taken off at Fort Mifrlin, the Laza- retio, Chester, and Mareus Hook. Baltimore Morning Line. One of the Union Line of steam boats will leave the lower si(te of Market street wharf, every xMonday, Wednesday and Friday morning at 5 o'clock, and will arrive in Baltimore, in rhe evening of the same day. All baggage at its owners risk. Union line of packets, between Philadelphia and Baltimorft, jor the transporlaiioii of goods, by the way of New Castle and Freuohtown, leaves each city 4< times a week. ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia* 389 J. WFjLSH, of Philadelphia, has four regular packets in the Liverpool trade, sailing from Philadelphia the 5th, and from Liverpool the 25th of every month : — besides 7 other vessele, which sail intermediately to Liverpool, and other ports of Eu- rope. PHILADELPHL\ LINE OF PACKETS, FOR LIVEUPOOL. Ship Algonquin, Charles Dixey, Master, Ship Alexander, Stephen Baldwin,.. .. Master, Ship Tuscarora James Serrill, Master, Ship Montezuma, Thomas Potts, ISIaster. Tills line of packets, which is excelled by none, leaves Liv- erpool on the 8th of each month, except the 12tli month, (De- cember,) and Pl)iladelphia, on the 20th of each month, except the first juonth, (Jar)uary.) Cabin passengers taken at £30 sterling, l^'.J33 33 cts. for which sum, they are furnished with beds, bedding;, and stores, of every description ; and no expense is spared to have every tiling complete an(i comfortable. THOMAS P. i Ol^E & SONS. N. YORK AND PHILADELPHIA PACKET^. UNION LINE. The proprietors of this line for the better accommodation of their friends and the pviblic, have concluded to despatch a ves- sel from each poi t on Saturday of each week, and should suffi» cient enrouragemenl be offered, they propose despatching oc- fasioually an exlra packet. The following vessels compose this lin,^ Schooner Validnt,.., D. Weeb, Mooter, Entgrpiise, T. Marshnl, do. Knickerbocker, J. Johnson,..,... do. Sloop, Wm. Henry, J. Briggs, do. Ail good substantial fast sailing vi ssels of small Liuthen, comniitndei! b}- men of experience, who are generally part own »M>-, and have been constant liaders lor several years, an.i who have the librnty of acting as their own pilots to and IVoin oach port. The subscribers solicit a share of the puldic p* ti ou.sge, assuring them every possible facility in their jowir ^ii^ii be given to shippers, and aii goods forwarded to them will be legu- larly shipped, free ofchar^je of commission or storage. Apfdy to James G. Stacy, 22 south wharves, Philadelphia, or N. L'llum- niedieu. corner of Old Slip and Front Street JN. York. NEW YORK AND PHl'LADELPHLA PACKETS, REGULAR -LL\E. The subscribers, for the better accomnjodfition of the public, have established a line of packets between this city arv', New 33* 390 ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia, York, to sail frotn each port on Saturday of every week. — ^The vessels composing it are the Schooner Herald,. Hiram Fox,.... Master, Leaper, Reuben Snow, do. Sloop B.iston Packet, Levi Snow, do. Reaper,.. Mark S. Crowel, ... do. They are all good fast sailing vessels, and well calculated for the trade. The masters are men of experience, and have the liberty ot acting as their own pilots, both here and in New York. Every accommodation will be given to shippers, and the rates of freight will correspond with the times. Goods sent by this line to be re&hipped, will be forwarded as directed free from charge of storage or commission — Applica- tion to be made to BALDWIN & SPOONER, No. 98 Cofiee House Slip, New York, and BAILEY c*^ WILLIS, No. 37, South Wharves, Philadelphia. H. C. CARY Sz I. LEA, Book-sellers and Publishers, cor- ner of Fourth and Chesnut streets, Philadelphia, keep on hand constantly, a complete assortment of books in the various dc- ]iarlinents of literature : — Also, a complete assortment of stationary, imported and Auiorican. P. H. NICRLIN, Law Book-seller, No. l75, Chesnut Street, constiintiy fur sale, a complete collection of law books, Ameri- can aiifi imported. Lamps, Plated- JVare^ French China, S,'c. GARDIKER L VENON, No. 9S, Chesnut Street, Philadel- i)hia, import and keep constantly for f.nle, wholesale and retail, ;i splendid assortment of the following variety of goods, com- prising both the decorative and usf/ul articles of house furniture, PLATED-WARE, Consisting of rich silver mounted tea and coffee sets, com- phne ; tea-pots, in pairs; elegant colfee urns ; waiters j wine- coolers ; bread, cake, and fruit-baskets ; liquor standi, Cas- lov;, ; bottle stands; candlesticks and branches; snuffers and tiuvs; ludlts ; fish knives; spoons c*cc. — LAMPS. Rich and plain Grecian, of i, 2, and 3, lights ; elegant boat, of 2 and 3 lights ;, painted hail^ and plain vase entry ; superb y light hringiiig lustres; rich 1 and 2 light mantle, with cut a'lass fouutcriiis'J dishes, and drops ; elegant London bronzed, i hiid 21iglU niaiitle ; great variety of stand lamps, suitable for ijiirtit!;:., ^ideboatds, latdes, or brackets ; 8 sizes of brass a^nd ADVERTISEMENTS — PhUadtlplila, 39 1 japanned Liverpool, some of which are particularly calculated for lighting churches, and other large rooms, 2 and 3 light store, and a great variety of liouse, chambers, and kitchen lamps; Lens, lanterns, &,c. Also, lamp wicks and glasses, of all kinds; hemispheres for aitral lamps, 7, 75, 8, 9, 10, and 12, in diameter, together with weights, chains, pullies, kc. connected with the lanip bulinell. FRENCH-CHINA. First and second choice, plain, white, and gilt, tea and cof- fee sets, entire and by the dozen ; also, various fancy patterns, in sets, and otherwise. ^\Zr orders for full (lining and desert sets, composed agreeably to wishes, received and executed in six months. JAPANNERY. Tea trays in sets or single, of any size, of black, crimson, buff, and other grounds of imitation, and real gold borders, with bread and knife trays to match also, small waiters, in great variety. CUTLERY. White and green ivory handle table and desfirt knives and forks in sets ; self tip buck and bone ditto, in sets, or separate ; middling and low priced ditto ; carvers and steels ; sci?sors, shears, " Rodgers's" pen and pocket knives j" Joiin Barber's*' razors, &;c. And^ in addition to the above, Brass-andirons of the newest patterns; elegant cloak and curtain pins; cornice ends ; pierced brass and green fenders; shove's and tonges ; hooks for ditto ; bellows; brushes; britan- nia metal; tea sets and tea pots in pairs; sugar cutttTS ; cork screws, &c. with a variety of useful riomestic utensils, and a general assortment of FANCY ARTICLES. ~^ JAMES PErEKS, Gold and Silver Thimble, and Pencil Case Manufacturer, No. 65, Arch street, between 2d and 3d streets, Philadelphia, Has constantly on hand the above articles of as good quality, and on as low terms, as can be obtained in the city. Also, i-ilver spoons, spectacles, jewelry, (tc, wiiolesale and retail. ^ CHARLES C. WATSON & SONS, Tailors. DIRECTIONS. 1. From the bottom of the collar to the hip buttons. 2. From the collar to the bottom of llie coat. 3. From the mirtdle of- the back to the elbow 4. From the elbow to 2^ inches below the wrist. 5. Round the chest under the coat. 6. Ditto the WHist under coat. 7. Ditto the arm above elbov,. 392 ADVERTISEMENTS — Philadelphia. 8. Round tlie arm below elbow. y. From the tniddle of the collar seam behind down the front for the length of the lappel, 10. Length of breeches from the top of the hip to the knee, and for pantaloons to the ancle. 11. Round the upper part of the thigh. 12. Round above the knee. 13. Round below the knee. 1+. Round the calf. 15. Round tlie ancle. The height of the person to be sent. Tl)e re.sppctive lengths and widths to be stated in inches. Chesnul, 92 ilreel, Philadelphia, 1^24. Explanation of Terms. A Box Coat, is made large with several capes, and is used only to drive in. A .^eiv jyjarket Coat, is made in the style of a surtout, with standing collar, and with one or more capes. A Surtout Coal, is made to wear o»er another coat, and is a distinct garment from a frock, though tlie two terms are fre- quently confounded. Trousers are mado large, and are worn over the boots. Pantaloons are made tight to button at the ancle, and are worn with tne boots over. JN.B. Gentlemen ordering clothing, will be so obliging as to send a letter of reference at the same time. EDWARD SHELMERDINE'S Wholesale and Retail Military and Fashionable Hat Ware- House, Mo. 159, Chesnut Street. Where may be had, a general assortment of naval and military chapeaux ; 'gentlemens' fashionable beavers, castors, and ro- rams, (black and drab;) youths' and boys' do.; suitable for shipping and country merchants. — V\hole.sale purchasers dealt with on liberal terms. FRANKLIN HAT MANUFAC TORY, No. 12-2, Market Street, Philadelphia. TIj? subscribers lespectfuily offer to their fiiends and the pub- lic, a large and compKite cissortment of hats, mado of the best materials, and intl^e n)OL-t durable and in a f24. THE MANSION HOUSE, No, 39, Broadway, New-York. By WILLIAM FUiNKER. It is a desideratum with every gentlenian whotravels will) his family, to put up at a house where all the advantaiies of a hotel mentioned by Dr. Johnson can be realized, while confusion, noise and vulgarity are avoided. The advanTi-ag,es of such institutions are in some instances realized ip New-YbrJ^ The Mans/on House may be considered among tljose where theconvenienc.es, variety, «U)d luxuries of a first rale hotel, are conibinei! v/ilh the retirement, stillness, and private conveniences of any genllenpan's domestic mansion. June, 1824. PARK PLACE HOUSE, Corner of Broadway and Purk-Pluce, (l;iie M echanic-Hall, Novv-Yorli. This el.-jgant •establishment is v;^^ll known for its comfort and convenience. Its airy and healthy situation, its proximity f 34 ADVERTISEMENTS KtW-Yo7k, the theatre, academy of fine arts, and the public baths, render it tl»e most desirable residence for strangers, whether on jour- nies of pleasure or of business. The table is supplied with whatever the season affords, sua the Wines are of the best quality. Hr'The apartiTients have been newly furnished, and the ad- joining house in Broadway added to the establishment. WASHINGTON HALL, No. 282, Broadway, New-York. By PETER McINTlRE. It is a happy circumstance that in the commercial metropolis of America, convenience, elegance, and refinement have kept pace with the bold strides of n^rcan- tile enterprize, and that the first merchants or travellers from Europe, ot different parts of America, may find all.the varie- ty of refined luxury in the hotels of New- York, tiiat they can in any commercial town of Europe. The above remarks are applicable to the elegant and spacious Mansion House in Broad- way, long known as Washington Hall. June, 1824. CUSTOM-HOUSE HOTEL, In Wall-street, No. 4, near Broadway. By r. F. DRAZE icCHEISER. The Custom-riouse Ho- tel is one of the oldest as well as most respectable hotels in the city of New-York, and in point of proximity to the banks, cus- tom-house, the insurance offices, and large exchange brokers, has the preference to every hotel in the city, ns Wall-street is the great exchange mart and central point of all the merchants and men of great business in this comniercial emporium. July, 1824. . NEW-YORK COFFEE-HOUSE, No. lO, William street, (near the Post Office,) New-York. WILLIAM SYKES. An ordinary every day at 3 o'clock, excepting on Swnrfrtvs, when dinner will be served at 2 o'clock. Private Dinners, Suppers, &c. furnished in the best style, and sent out when desired. Wines and liquors of the choicest kinds, and in great v'a- jriety. llacey's Pale Ale, and London Brown Stout, constantly on .li-aught. '^1' E;ccel!ent accommodations for travellers. ADVERTISEMENTS J^'ew- Yor/c, odi) YORK HOUSE. Nos. 5 atui 7, Couitland-street, New-York. This establisliment, recently ocaiplcn! by Mr. E. Morsr. and long kiiown to the public, has been taken by the subscriber, uiKJ re- litted in handsome style, for the accomnKKlation of Stage andStcain-boat Passengers, 4* of steady Boarders. Its Jocatioji is in the most healthy part of the city, aiirl be- ing- at a point wliere the chain of conimunicalion, I'v >t ig'^s, between the Nortli, the E^ist, and tlie South meets, oif«;s pe- culiar ads-antages to the traveller ; while, its vicinity to the bu- siness part of itie city, makes it still more desirable to the mer- chant. An ordinary will be served daily at 2 P. M. and the best at- tendants procured; the charges moderate, and no pains spared to render the establishment agreeable to its visitors, and worthy of the extensive patronage it has heretofore received. May 1st, 1824. A. YOUNG. NEW-YORK NORTHERN AND SOUTHEUn"^ STEAM-BOAT HOTEL. By WILLIAM HARRISON, (at the foot of Counland st.) Mr. II. respectfully informs liis numerous patrons, i\nd the pub- lic generally, that the above spacious and airy establishment has recently undergone a thorotigh repair, and is now open for the accomnioilation of ladies and gentlemen, by the day, week, or year, at reasonable prices. This establishment, by its happy locality, combines a variety of advantages, which tentl to render it particularly desirable. In addition to the comforts of a commodious building and a l\eaUI)fu] situation, are united a beautiful prospect of the j\'V)/7/t /tjrerand York Bay, ever enlivened b}'^ the industry of corn- rnerce, and chequered by the movements of numerous steam- boats, constantly receiving and discharging passengers in front of tlie house. The liberal patronage which has been hitherto enjoyed by the proprietor of this establishment, has induced him to expect a continuance of public favour, as the reward of an uiuemitted exertion to please. New-York, April 10, 1824. A. MOODY, (Who has for the last 25 years kept a public house in the city of Albany,) infoiniS liis friends and the public in general, tiiat he, has taken that large and airy establishment on the corner of Broad and Pearl streets, known as the Broad street House ^'evv.Yo^k, where he wi^l be very glad to see his old customers, 100 ADVERTISEMENTS J^tW-^Ovk, To those uho know liiin nnd his house, he thinks it needless to say any thing — those who do not, can satisfy themselves by trying;- what his house aflbrds. July, 1824. North River Steam-Boat Line^ between JS'ew-York and Atbany- (Station foot of Comtlandt street, New-York.) This line is composed uf the Chancellor Liinngston, Captain Center, of 520 tons burthen ; tlie James Kent, Capt. Samuel VViswall, of 400 tons ; and the Riclimond, Capi. Tliomas Wis- wall, of 350 tons ; all vessels of the fiist class, built and equip- ped in the most substantial and exptnsive manner. Their boilers are all of copper, and the engines on the low-pressure system, precisely the same as adopted by Mr. Fidlon in his life time. This line has been continued since the first invention of steam boats, witlinut the smallest accident having happened to any person on board. A boat is despatched daily from JVew-York, at 5 c^'clock, P. M. excepting in the summer months, vlien the James Kent is despatcherl every Monday anrl Thmsrlay, at 5 o'clock, A. M. and lands her passengers at Albany the saine,ecening. This she has periormed in the short space of fourteen hours and a half. From Albany a boat is despatched every day at 11 o'clock, A.M. exf-eptiug in summer, when the c/ome.s /<>?t/ fieparts ou ^Vednefdays and Saturdays, at 5 A. M. and lands the passen- gers at New-Yoik the same evening. Ey means of this line, comnuinicalion is ropi.hiri;'^ k;y3t up with the Canailian steam boats, via Lake Ch-^iiiil mh, Hti.Twith Utica and Buffalo, and the vesteni part of iNpsvYoik. through the great Western Canal. (Office, No. l52, Washington-stiPfi ) New-York and Rhode-Island Steam Jihuis- (Station in New- York, at Fulton's slip, East River.) The steamboat Connerticul, Capt. E. S. Bunker, and the Fultoiiy Cafjt. VVm. Comstock, ply between Provider*'.; and Newport, H. I. and New-York. The Connecticut leaves New- York every VVedne-day at 3 o'clock, P. M. and the Fulton ev- ery Saturday at the same hour. Passengers by this line reach Boston the following evening. From Kliode hland the Fulton departs every ruebuay evening, and the Conneclicnt on Friday evening, aniving at New- York early the succeeding night. These boats are 330 ions burthen, are copper fastened and .-oppered, hav« copper boilers^ and engmes on the lu\v pressure ADVERTISEMENTS Js'eW-^ork, 401 system : their commanders are men of great experience, and the boats have navigated tlie sound, for a number of years with perfect safety to the traveller. Office at R S. WILLIAMS & Co. corner of Fulton and South Street. NEW YORK AND LIVERPOOL PACKETS. The subscribers have established the following ships, as a line of packets, between New York and Liverpool, to leave New- York on the 8th, and Liverpool on the 24th of each raonih in the year, viz : Ship Cortes, Nash De Cost, master, to sail from New York on the 8th January, and from Liverpool on the 24th of Febru. ary. Ship Corinthian, George Davis, master, to sailfrofn New York on the oth February, and from Liverpool on the 24lh March. Ship Leeds, William Stoddard, master, to sail from N.-w York, on the 8th March, and from Liverpool on the 24th April. Ship Euphrates, Benjamin Sprague, master, to sail l>oin New York on the 8th April, and from Liverpool on the 24th May. Ship Cortes, Nash 13e Cost, master, to sail from New York on the 8th May and from Liverpool on the 24th June. Ship Corinthian, George Davis, master, to sail from New York on the 8th June, and from Liverpool on the 24th July. Ship Leeds, William Stoddard, master, to sail from New York on the 8th of July, and from Liverpool on the 24th August. Ship Euphrates, Benjamin Sprague, master, to sail from New York on the 8th August, and from Liverpool on 24ih September. Ship Cortes, Nash De Cost, master-, td sail from New York on the 8th September, and from Liverpool on the 24ih October. Ship Corinthiau, George Davis, master, to sail fiom New. York on the 8th October, and from Liverpool on the 24th No- vember. Ship Leeds, William Stoddard, master, to sail from New York on the 8tli November, and from Liverpool on the 24th De- cember. Ship Euphrates, Benjamin Sprague, master, to sail from New York on the 8th December, apd from Liverpool on the 24lh January. These ships are about 400 tons each, built of the best Miate- rials, copper fastened and coppered, commanded by men of ex- perience in this trade, and no expense will be spared in making their accommoriations convenient and comfortable to pp.sseo- fiers. Beds, bedding, wines, and stores of the first quality are turnished. Foi freight or passage, apply to the caiuaius on board, or to FlSH & Gf^vliN i\ EL, 136 Front Street ; or to THADEUS FUELPS & Co. •^4* 47 South Street New Xt.rk. 402 AbVERTiSEMENTS — New-York, N. B. A new ship now building, will take tbe place of the Euphrates on the 8th December, 1824. New York, June 25ih, 1824. OLD LINE OF LIVERPOOL PACKETS, To sail on the \st and IGlh of every month. Ship AVilliam Thompson, R. R. Crocker, master, to sail 1st of 7th month (July.) Ship Canada, James Rodgers, master, to sail 16th of 7th month, (July) Ship James Cropper, C. li. Marshal, master, to sail 1st of the 8th month, (August.) The Liverpool packets having met with general approbation and support, the owners of them have concluded to add to the number of vessels employed in that establishment; and they now intend that the following ships shall sail between New York and Liverpool in regular succession, twice in each month from each port, leaving both New- Fork and Liverpool on the 1st and 16th of every month throughout the year, viz : Ship NewrYork Go. Maxwell^ ,.Master» Ship Columbia, ,..,.Seth G. Macy, Ship Orbit, Joseph Tinkham, Ship Pacific, S. Maxwell, Ship Wm. Thompson, ....R. R. Crocker, Ship Canada, ...James Ro-^gers, Ship James Cropper, Charles H. Marshal,.... Ship Nestor,.... \Vi)li;im Lee, Jr These ships were all built in New-Yoik^ of the best materials; and are coppered and copper fastened, and are very fast sailers ;, their accommodations for passengers are uncommonly extensive and commodious, and they are commanded by men of great experience. The price of pasfage to England in the cabin, is now fixed at S^HO; for which sum passengers will be furnished with beds and bedding. Wine and stores of all kinds. For fuitiier par- ticulars, apply to ISAAC WRIGHT k SON, FRANCIS THOMSON, - ilENJAMlN MARSHALL, JEREMIAH THO^iFSON. LONDON AND NEW-YORK PACKETS. With the view of offering to the public great facility in the in- terccurse between this port and London, and especially of in- viting the attention of the passengers destined to either Great Britain or tht continent, to the ships employed in this trade, the subscribers, in conjunction with their friends, have estab- lished a line .of , packet ships, coiisissing of the ADVERTISEMENTS — JSfew- York» 403 Ship Brighton,.. ...Sebor, Master. Do Crisis M'Manus, do. Do Acasta,c .»^....Griswo1d,.. .. do. Do Hudson, ......••Champlin, do. New ship, to be built. One of which they intend shall sail punctually from IVew- York and from London, on the first of every month, tliroughout the year. These ships are all of the first class, and are commanded fay men of activity and experience. They are about 400 tons burthen, copper fastened and coppered, and in every respect fitted in the best manner. The accommodations will be very spacious, and the furniture, stores, &c. made to suit the comfort and convenience of passengers. The line will commence with the departure of the new ship Brighton, to sail on the first July from this port, and from London on the 1st September. The other ships to follow in regular succession. For further partic- ulars, apply to JOHN GRISWOLD,68 South-street, or FISH & GKINNEL, 136 Front-street. N. B. the ships of the above line will touch at Cowes each way, for the purpose of londing and receiving passengers. June 1824. PACKETS FOR HAVRE. A line of packets has been established between New-York and Havre, to leave both ports regularly on the 1st and 15th nays of each month during the year. The ghips composing the line, are fast sailers, well found and commander*, coppered an(^ copper fastened. Their accommodations for passengers, com- prise all that can be required for comfort and convenience. — Passengers in the cabin will be taken for ^140 each, for which they are furnished with beds, bedding, wines, and ample stores of every description. Goods intended for shipment by them, may be sent to agents who will attend to thtir reception and forwarding, without charge fnr storage or commissions. The expenses which may in such cases be actually incurred, will, when requested, be collected with the freight at Havre. A let- ter bag is at the New-York post-office, for aFrietters that may be sent by mail. Letters respecting either freight or passage, must be addressed, post-paid, to CRASSUS & BOYD, June, 1824. Agents, New- York. OLD LINE OF PACKETS FOR HAVRE. The proprietors of this line, at the solicitation of many of fheir friends, have resumed the regular departure of their ships 404 ADVERTISEMENTS MeW- Yovlc, both from here and from Havre. In consequence one of them will leave this port on the 5th of every month, and from Havre the 25th of every month, commencing from here with The ship Henry, Airon Kemp, master, to sail from New-York on the 5th July, and from Havre on the 25th August. The ship Louis, J. R. Skiddy, master, to sail from New-York on the 5th August, and from Havre on the 25th September. The ship Stephaniah, R. J. Macy, master, to sail from New- York on the 5th September, and from Havre, on the 25th October. The ship Montano, Andrew Smith, master, to sail from New- York on the 5th October, and from Havre on the 25lh NovV. The ship Henry, Aaron Kemp, master, to sail from New-York on the 6th November, and from Havre on the 25th Decern. The ship Louis, J. R. Skiddy, master, to sail from New-York on the 5th December, and from Havre on the 25th January. The ship Stephaniah, R. J. Macy, master, to sail from New- York on the 5th January, and from Havre on the 25ih Fe- bruary, The ship VTontano, Andrew Smith, master, to sail from New- York on the 5th February, and from Havre on the 25th March. The ship Henry, Aaron Kemp , master, to sail from New York on the oth March, and fron) Havre on the 25th April. The ship Louis, J, R. Skiddy, master, to sail from New-York on the 5th April, and from Havre on the 25th May. The ship Stephaniah, R. J. Macy, master, to sail from New- York on the 5th May, and from Havre on the 25th June. The ship Montano, Andrew Smith, master, to sail from New- Ycrk on the 5th June, and from Havre, on the 25th July. These ships were all built in this city, coppered, and copper- fastened, and are too well known to need any further descrip- tion respecting their solidity, swiftness, accommodations, and the characters of their commanders. To facilitate the inter- course between the two ports, the price of passage in the cabin is reduced to $130, for which sum the passengers will be fur- nished with beds and bedding, wines and stores, of all kinds. For freight or passage, apply to the captains on board, or to FRANCiS DEPAU, 29 South St. or to June, 1824, DIA9 & MERLE. PACKET LINE OF SHIPS Between New-York and Charleston, consists of the following Ships. Calhoun, Capt. H. Allen, La Fayette, Thos. Janning, Empress, Wm. Sinclair, President,... ....... Wm. Jocelin, ADVERTISEMENTS J^e.lV-York, 405 Niagara, Capt. J R. Crane, Franklin.. J. S. Munroe, Comiijodore Perry, Jno. Browne, ^I^harhiston, Jennings. The above ships are all of the first class; coppered, and cop- per-fastened ; conmianded by men of great experience j liave very extensive accommodations for passengers, and at all times furnished with the best of stores. The p'oprielors assure the public, that every exertion will be given for the convenience and comfort of passengers. One ship will sail every Wednes- day and Saturday from New-York and Charleston. All goods addressed to their care, will be foswarQed without charge for storage or commission. In connection with this line, there is a line of steam-boatr, running from Chaileston to Augusta and Hamburgh, (four of which depart every week ffom Charleston,) which have spacious accommodations for passengers, and take freight at the lowest rates. In future, no delay will take place in Charleston. — For freight or passage, apply to PHELPS & PECK, 101, Front St., or O. MAURAiN, 33, Burling Slip, N. Y, And at Charleston, to TIMOTHY STREET & Co. SAVANNAH PACKETS— ESTABLISHED LINE. To sail from New-York on Saturday, and from Savannah on Tuesday, in each week, throughout the season. The following ships compose the line. Wiirnun Wallace, T. Wood, Master. Savannah, Wm. Beehe, Louisa Matilda, D. Wood, Angusta D. Van Dyke, Emperor, J. H.Bennett. The proprietors of tins line of packets, to ensure a speedy cc nveyancc for goods and passengers, have determined to de- spatch one of the above vessels from each place in every week, thiougiiout thft season. The above named, are first rate cop- per-fastened vt'S^els, and the masters experienced coasters. — Goods will be forwarded from this place, free from charge of storage or commissions. For freight or passage, apply to W ILLIAM VVHITLOCK, Jun. 70 South st. J. &L C. SEGLTNE, 86, C. H. Slip. The proprietors of the line iiaving made arrangements with the si*'!>ni- boat contpany in Savannah, to have all llieir goods shipped by tUeir line of packets destined for Augusta and Ham- burg, forwarded free from commissions or storage. Such goods ta be consigned to Ponce and McKenzie, in Savannah, with in- structions. The gteani boat company have six steam-boats, 40G ADVERTISEMEXTS .A'Vu' TorA:. which leave Savannah two or three times in each week, and afford additional security over any other conveyance by steam- boats, in coiiseciueiice of the goods beitig shipped in tow-boats. REGULAR LINE Of New-York and Ualtnnore Packets, to sail every Saturday. Schr. Little William,..., L. Evins, master. Ontario,...,.. S. G rifling, ..do. Paragon,.., D. TI>ayer,..do. Mary Ann, R. S. Wood, do. Martha, Z. Denison,. do. Post Boy. J. Jones,.. ..do. The proprietors of this line of packets, at the urgent solici- tation of their customers, and to ensure a more certain and speedy convej'ance for goods and passengers, between New- York and Baltimore, have determined to despatch one of the above vessels from each place, on Saturday in every week, throughout the year, and flatter themselves that this arrange- ment will secure to them the })atronage of shippers generally. The vessels composing this line are all first rate vessels, com- manded by experienced coasters, who have been long acquaint- ed in the trade, and may be ensured at the lowest rates — the captains standing their own pilots both here and in the Ciiesa- peake Bay. Merchandise from the eastward, or elsewhere, will be receiv- ed and forwarded by this lin»!, free of any charge, and the ex- penses, if required, will be paid and collected at the port of destination. Shippers may depend on the strictest punctuality in tlie sail- ing of these vessels on the day appointed, with what freigiit may offer. — For freight or passage, apply to W. W.foDD, corner of Old Slipcuck horn. Biewer''s, parlour, and other thermometers. Bar- ometers, hydrometers, and sacrometers ; nucmscopes, botanic leiises. Opera, and spy glasses, day and niglit telescopes. Mathematical instruments, magic lanterns, and a general as- sortment of optical instruments, and fancy goods. '' F. PHlLlP, Hair-dresser, from Paris, Manufactures ladies' and gentlemen's wigs, scalps, and curls, of every description. N. B. A choice collection of all the articles connected with his business. 253, Broadway, New-York. COURT OF FANCY, N. SMITH PRENTISS, repository of utility and elegance^ sign of the Golden Rose, No. 149, Broadway, New- York. Xhis ^-ell known establishment continues to preserve its char- a,cttjr for furnishing the public with the choice, and rare, of ADVERTISEMENTS JS''t7V-\ork, 41 1 every article in its extensive line of business : ladies and gen- tlemen ma 31- rest assured tliat tuch articles as they may have occasion for, where luxury can be combined with utility, will here be found, with those united qitalities. Every article of tlie lady's toilet, of the choicest variety ; fancy ornaments of every desriptiou PERFTJxMERY AND COSMETICS, of unrivallevi excellence, either of foreign or domet-tic n>anufac- lure. Every article tlnit has been found instruiv.enlal, in the ercation and preserralion of beaut)/., can be furnished of supe- rior quality, and promptly on demand. N. S. Prentiss, most respectfully invites ladies and gentlemen, of the city, strangers and travellers, through it, to honour hifiJ with a call at his Reposiiori) of Fashion. June IS'i-i-. JOSEPH GALLIS, ~~ Hair Dresser and Perfumer, No. 4, Wall Street, New-York, Has greatly enlarged his establishment, and rendered it f(»r weatness and elegnuce, equal to any in the Union, particularly in the shaving department, where every comfort and conveni- ence can be had. ^^ Gallis has the honour to announce to the lal^ and gentle- men, that his store, which is distinct from the dressing room, rS furnished with every variety of fancy alicles. He has received a very fine assortment of the best Paris and London perfumery, consisting of tlie best cologne water, that ha-i ever been impor- ted in this city, antique oil, genuine bears oil, Rowlands Mac- easser oil, Princess Russia oil, pomatum of every description, real Persian otto of roses, in elegant cut glass bottles, best dou- ble distilled rose, lavender, and honey waters, together with a great variety of ?oaps, cunvbs. teeth, nail, and shaving brushes ; razors, strops, gentlemens' drej?sing cases, shaving cases, travel- ling pouches, '/tc. fee. Also, elej^ant suspenders, fine cactor gloves, kid and buck* skin, musical work boxes, snuff-boxes, and elegant cut glass toilet bottles. Orders from the country, thankfully received. Hair cuttint^, and dressing, done in the first style of elegance. Those gentleman, v. ho may please to honour him with their patronagp, may depend on the most j)artitular and respectful attendance. July 1824. E. W. BRIDGES, City Surveyor, Law Buildings. Estates, towti?hips, or any tract of land accurately surveyed ♦ J 2 A D V E R T I S E xM E N T S A'c tO - Yo vk. Hnd mapped. Obsolete and defaced plans restored, copied, re- riuced, or enlarged. Trigonometrical surveys, levels, &c. taken for canals, aque- ducts, or other engineering purposes, civil or military. New York, 1824. _ G. fc C. CARVILL, (Successors to J. Eastburn & Co.) importers and dealers in Foreign and American Books: Agents for the Edinburgh, Quar- ierly, and North American Reviews. Literary Rooms, No. l08, Broadway, New York. PETER MAVEPtICK, Engraver, J^o. 342, Broadway, New-York. ROBERT LOVETT, Stone Seal Engraver and Jeweller, No. 249, Broadway, cor- ner of Murray street, New-York, will engrave seals of every description, on ston« or n)etal«, in the best manner. A handsome assortment of Jewelry and Fancy Goods, for sale at low pncjss, and any article of Jewelry or Silver Ware, made to order. ' All kinds of precious stones bought in the rough, or cut to any form. Iti case any piece of work executed at this establish- ment, should not give entire satisfaction, no pay will be re- quired. Ordeis from any part of the United States attended t9 with the same promptitude as personal application. NORTH'S Jewehy and Fancy Store, Broadway, corner of Vesey st., New York, containing the most splendid variety of articles in the above line. Elegant watclies, silver and plated ware, cut- lery and fancy goods of every description, wholesale and retail, at the lowest prices. GOLD PATENT LEVER WATCHES. STEPHEN REED, No. l67, Broadway, 3 doors south of Courtlandt street. New York, importer of Robert Roskbell's Patent Lever Watches, fine Duplex, Sepine, and Fancy, La- dies and Gentlemens' Gold Watches, in great variety. A large and splendid assortment of mantle piece Clocks, gilt, marble, and alabaster. Diamonds, pearls, and fine precious stones, garnets, rubies, emeralds, e feels confident that'the arrangements n)ade for the comfort and convenience of her guests, are such as will ensure a liberal share of patronage for nerself and family. july^ igc,^^ BELMONT. HALL, Schooley's Alountain Springs, Nert'-Jersey, Is now open and ready for the reception and accommodation of visitors. The establishment is sufficiently larije to accom- modate upwards of 100 persons ; it is 4 stories hich and si^tua- ted on the most elevated part of the mountain ^ ev^ery improve- ment has been added that could be suggested, to re.nder it in every respect a desirable residence for the conifort and conre- 4JQ ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous^ nience of its visitors. The hall is elegantly furnished, and the ■subscribers have been particularly careful in their selection of wines, and in procuring good and obedient waiteis. Billiard tables, nine-pin alleys, shuffle-boards, quoits, swings, tilts, &c. together with plana fortes, and a good collection of musical in- strumer.ts, have been added to the establishment. A band of music is also engaged here during the season. — Saratoga waters are constantly kept here, fresh from the springs, so that visitors can enjoy the benefit of those waters and Schooley's mountains, at the same time. As an additional convenience, the post of- fice has been lately removed to Belmont Hall. The situation of Belmont Hall is on the most pleasant part of the mountain, commanding a very extensive and beautiful prospect of the surrounding country. The salubrity of the air, and established qualities of the mineral waters, render this a most desirable retreat d-uring the summer months, for invalids or persons of pleasure. June, 1824. Stages leave Patten's stage-house. No. 71, Conrtlandt street, New-York, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, for the Springs, and the Swan Tavern, North Third street, Philadel- phia, on the same days. C BOWNE & SON. N. B, — Carriages and horses always to let. EXTRACT, From a notice in the Pnlladium of Liberty. << We have not been among those whose means have enabled them to test the peculiar advantages of these resorts, but from the information of those who have, and from a general conside- lation of the qualifications of each, we should think the one at Scfiooley''s Mountain possesses advantages over the others, suf- ficient to claim for it a decided preference. Whilst preparations ■early, or altogether, similar in their effects upon the system, are abundantly manufactured by the chemist every where, winch cbviate the necessity of seeking the waters of almost every other mineral spring, \\\e pure cehbtate of Schooley's iVlountain de- fies the power of the most skilled in the science. Similarity lias frequently been attempted, but in vain have been sought from these preparations, a similar efiect to that experienced from the pure stream from the rock. *' The country through which we approach this summit, of at least 600* feet above tit^e water, is agreeably interspersed with hills and dales, forests and hamlets, aftbrding a scenery highly picturesque and beautiful. The roads are generally good, and * This is an error; it should be risiiig 2,000 feet. The canal commissioners have computed the elevation of Schooley's mount to be rising 800 feet above tide water, where the canal route crosses it, and that is about the lowest point of elevation. ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscdlrmeous 4 1 7 lie over a rolling country, foraiirig gentle and easy declivities through the vihole route. "The accon)niodations are of the very first order. The Messrs. Bownes deserve much credit for the exertions, which l)ave beea made by thein to improve and embellish their beautiful estab- iishmenf, well known by the name of Bel. tonl Hall, at an ex- pense of some 20,000 dollars, they have taken unwearied pains to be able to furnish eveiy species of innocent amusement and recreation; and certainly deserve the jMtionage of the public" MANSION HOUSE, ^ No. 349, North Market Street, Albany, N. Y. Kept by J. W. ROCKWELL. It is situated in a pleasant, business part of the city, in the vicinity of the several Banks and Post office. The street at this place is wide and pleasant, the house large and commodious, suitable for the accommodation of ladies and gentlemen tra- velling for health or pleasure. All who may favour him with their custom, may be assured that every attention will be paid to them to make their stay agreeable while at this house. 7'he Best Horses and Carriaaes, provided on the most rea- sonable terms; also sear this house will be despatched evening and morning, two beautiful Canal boats, exclusively for passen- gers, to ply as a daily line on the canal between Albany and Schenectady, to leave this at nine A. M. passing in full view of the city of Troy, and ascending the canal by a number of locks. The traveller is presented with a delightful prospect of the cele- brated Cahoes Falls, thence crossing the Mohawk river twice in aqueducts to Alexander bridge, where a line of Post coaches will be in waiting to carry such passengers as wish to visit Saratoga a nil Bailston Springs &c. The scenery on this route is said to be the most romantic and pleasing of any part of the Grand Canal. ^ CAAiDEN VAUXHALL, In Market street, a few steps above the Ba'nk, N. J., directly opposite to Philadelphia, and but a few minutes passage in steam or horseboats^ grateful to the ])ublic for the liberal en- couragement wliich i have heretofore received, and desirous of becoming more and more wortii}'^ of that liberalit)', beg leave to announce to my friends and the public in general, that the garden is now open for those who may favour me with their company. Festival bancjuets, dinners, repasts, relishes, Szc. &Lc. shall be promptly prepared with delicacy, taste, and order of exqviisite cookery and at moderate prices, and the bar stored with choice liquors of the richest quality and flavour. Boarders can be accommodated with boarding and lodging, by the year, JWOnth, week, or day, by the publick's humble servant, JOSEPH LETOURNO. 4 1 8 ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous. JACOB HERBERT, Rising Sun Hotel, Trenton, N. J. To this long established and well known hotel, travellers are most respectfnlly invited, as it is the determiiifition of the pre- sent proprietor to merit a libernl patronage from genteel travel- lers, families, parties, &c. with the conveniences, comforts, and luxuries, w liich his extensive house, his assiduous attention, and the market will afford. ^^ BELLONA HALL, New Brunswick, at New Brunswick, New-Jevsej'-. The public are respectfully informed that this establishment has lately been very much enlarged for the more convenient ac- coniinodation of travellers. It is connected with the steam boats Thistle and Bellona, that form a part of the Union line be- tween New-York and Philadelphia. It is situated in the vi- cinity of the Landing place of the Steamboats, which renders it convenient to j)ersons travelling in those Boats — large and exten- sive stables are attached to it, and carriages and horses will be furnished to persons travelling to any part of tlie slate — With t!)ese advantages of situation, the proprietor solicits a portion of he public patronage. C. VANDERVIEL. ISew Brunswick, June 1st, 1824 WILLIAM SEGER, JERSEY CITY. Offers his services to determine the true value of Leasehold instates, Rights of Dower, Legacies, Annuities, andpaymenls in reversion, annuities certain, life annuities, rights of survivorship, commutation of water rents, rights of lessees in property, taUea for pubUr purposes ; and generally all kin>ls of pecuniary riglits, not acluall}/ in possession, or which are in any way dependent on life 01 time. -Having a practical acquaintance with the priiic)j)les, and calculations b}' whicii the real value of such pro- perty is ascertained, he believes he can rerider essential services in its purchase and sale. Letters addressed to him (post-paid) at Jersey City, N. J. will meet with pron.pt attention, or they may be left with Mr. iMceker, at the Jersey ferry house, at the foot or Courtlandt street, N. Y. "hORTOiN'S HOTEL, FKOViDENCE, R. L It may be said with truth, tliat no Town in the United States perhaps oft'ors more con. fort to travellers, either as families, se- lect parlies, individuals, than f/o'^on'* Ho/f/; delightfully situa- ted near the centre of the town, on elevated -ground, which Over- looks the town and harbpur. — within theldst year it has under- ABVERTiSEMENTS — Miscellaneous. 419 gone very extensive improvements; a spacious iioube has been afUied to the former establishment, expressly for ladies or fami- lies, htterJ up in the neatest and most commodioiis style. In the front are shaded Piazzas, connected with their parlours, and retired not only from other visitors to, but from the dust and ob- servation of the street. Carriages and gigs, with the best hor- ses and careful drivers, may be haci at the shortest notice, ei- ther foi: short rides, or journeys ; the stage books are kept at the Bar.-^-The establishment on the whole offers a more healthy, inviting, and agreeable summer residence for strangers, than any other in the state of Rhode Island. The house is provided with the best servants. — Wines and liquors, and an ordinary, is served up-at half past one o'clock. Providence, April 29th, 1024. ROSSBURG, PRINCE GEORGE'S COUNTY, Md. BY Mr. LANDHAM. This well known and respectable Stage Hotel, is situa- ted in a very pleasant country, in whose fields and forests abound a great variety of game, which, together with the other rural objects, render it a desirable place for an excursion fro r Washington and Baltimore. The Hotel is in too high repute a% a mansion, calculated for the most genteel company, to need any farther remarks. From Rossburg to Montgomery C. H. l8 miles; Upper Marlborough, 21 miles; Washington, 9 miles, Bahimore, 28 miles. JAMES A. BAYARD'S HOTEL, Opposite the Town Hall, Wilmington Delaware. ELI LaMBORN acknowledges the liberal patronage confer- ed by a generous public, and fondly hopes that his superior ac- commodations, together with a determination to give general satisfaction, will sanction his presumitig' on a continuance and increase of their favours. N. B. Horses, Gigs, Coaches &c. kept for hire. Note. The James A. Bayard Hotel, so named from being the residence of the distinguished Citizen, profound Lawer, and em- inent Politician, late of Delaware, is a large convenient and genteel Hotel of the nigliest respectability, and kept in a style which mevits its present liberal and increasing patrojaage. Fam- ilies, travelling parties of Ladies and Gentlemen, and the citi- zens ot various parts of the Union who may visit Wilmington, one of the most beautiful towns perhaps in thetvorld, will find the Bayard Hotel one among the best ;n the borough, or in the Uni- ted States. The following lines of stages run to and from the Hayaid i^otel. Travellers by thp following Routes take notice, That the Wihnington, Fhiladdpkiai Eikion, Dover and Ches- teriown Mail Hinges, leaves and arrives at the subscriber's, in 420 ADVERTiSEMExVTS — Miscellaneous, - the folio wiog order, viz: Philadelphia and Wil'ran::;ton Mail StagCy via Darby and Chesler, will run daily, leavin;^; both pla- ces at 7 o''ciock, A. M. and arrive at one o'clock, P. M. For seats to Philadelphia, apply at Ali Lamborn's Inn, Wilmington, sign of James A Bayard ; and for seats to Wilmington, apply at the United States' General Mai' Stu^^e Office, No. 30, south Third-si. ; at Patterson's Inn, sign of Robinson Crusoe, No. 23 south Third street; at Hieskell's Hotel. No 1-5, south Fourth street, and 'J'aylor's Inn, (Cress Keys) No. 18, north Fourth street, Philadelphia. Fare, ^1. WILMINGTON AND ELKTON MAIL STAGE, Via J^'eivport and Christiana, will run daily, (Sundays ex- cepted) — leaving George Peacock's Inn, Elkton, at 6 o'cloi;k, A. M. and arrive at Wilmington at 10 o'clock, A. }\. Return- ing, leaves Eli Lamborn'sinn, sign of James Eayard, at 1 o'clock, P. M. and arrives at Elkton at 5 o'clock, P. M. — this line is continued to Frenchtown, and arrives in time for the Baltimore Steamboat. Fare ^1 50. WILMINGTOPf AND GEORGETOWN Mail stage^ via J^ew-Castle, Si. Georges, Canticeils Bridge, Smyrna, Dover and Milford, will run three times a week — lea- ving Eli Lamborn's Inn, Wilmington, every Monday, V/ednes- day and Friday, at 7 o'clock, A. M. and arrives at Georgetown the next day at ^ o'clock, P. M. Return-ng, leaves Georgetown on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fiidays, at 7 o'clock, A. M. and arrives at 5 o'clock P. M. the next day — Fare through ^5 25 — this line is connected with the Virginia Mail Stage line, Wm. D. Waples being a proprietor in both lines, which leaves Millsborough every Wednesday morning, passing through Berlin, Folartown, Snowhill, Horn-town, jAccomac - Court House, Bell- Haven, Franktovvn, and North Hampton Court House, 'Virginia, to Hayd's Fmry, from thence crossing the Chesapeake Bay to Norfolk. WILMINGTON AND CHESTERTOWN Mail Stage, via Middletnwn, Warwick, and G eorgetown Cross Roads, will run three times a wetk, leaving Eli Lamborn's Inn, "Wilmington, on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, at 7 o'clock A. M. and arrive at 5 P. M. Returning leaves Pea- cock's Inn, Chestertown, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Satur- days, at 7 o'clock, A. M. and rrrives at Wilmington, at five o- clock, P. M. — this line is connected with the Easton IMail Stage. Fare to Chestertown, J^3 ELI LAMBORjV, Proprietor. 1824. IN TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. UNION STEAM BOAT HOTEL, by .^aron O. Shuff, connected with the Union Line of Steamboats and Stages, via ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous. 42 1 Trenton, Princeton, and Brunswick, the most eligible, expedi- tious, and pleasant route, between Philadelphia and New-York, and which is advertised in the great line of communications from Washington to the N. East extremity of the Union. The above mentioned Hutel is most delightfully situated on the Dela- ware river, near the Steamboat Landing, in Bloomsburg, one of the principal environs of Trenton. This Mansion House is spacious, convenient, and every way furnished and conducted on the most suitable style for genteel travellers. The Delaware flows before it; beyond which, and in full view, is the beautiful village of Morrisviile, and the not less interesting, fertile, and highly cultivated farms of Pennsylvania. The last mentioned town is connected to Bloomsburg by Trenton Bridge, an inter- esting piece of architecture. But what is principally to be con- sidered as a temporary residence for travellers, families from the south, &.C. in the warm months; the situation of the Union Steam- boat hotel is airy, salubrious, and extremely healthy. It also has the advantages of proximity to the Steamboat Land- ing, without the common imposing expenses levied on travellers by hack owners, who convey passengers from more remote parts of Trenton. It is, in short, without prejudice or partiality, one of the most eligible and best kept public houses between Phila- delphia and New-York. And after long sustnining that char- acter in the public estimation, which is the best test of merit, it is only necessary to observe that this statement is made by a journctlist not to raise the estimation of the house, but merely to give that notice of it in this work, which may render it still bet- ter known as one among those first rate houses selected for ad- vertisement in the National Directory. October, 1824. E. BLISS and E. WHITE, No. 128 Broadway, have re- published from the London copy, a Work, in one octavo volume, entitled, "THE PRESENT STATE OF ENGLAND in regard to Agriculture, Trade, and Findnce ; with a comparison of the prospects of England and France. By Joseph Lowb, Esa." Dedicated to Wii.mam Manning, Esa. M. P., and a Direc- tor of the Bank of England. The leading articles of the Table of Contents of this intereS" ting volume, are — CHAPTER I. Eve s of the war, from 1793, viewed in connexion with our nation resources. CHAPTER XL Magnitude of our Expenditure and Sources of our Financial Supplies. — How far defrayed by loans, how far by taxes — 36 422 MyvE^KTiSEiiESTS— Miscellaneous. What were the sources of these great supplies ? — Increase of emploj'ment during the war — Consequent increase of our reve- , rue — Increase of our population — Estimate of our taxable in- come at different periods, fro>n 1792 to 1814 — Exemption from cash payments— The public not aware of the reaction to be ap- prehended at a peace. CHAPTER III. General Rise of Prices during the War. — The causes speci- fied — Annual expense of our army, navy, and ordriance, from 1791 to 1815 — Effect of this expenditure on the price of commo- dities — Exemplified by the rise of lands, houses, and other real propertj' — How far was this rise nominal? — The case of money property, such as loans on mortgage — " Change in the value of money ;" this expression defitted. CHAPTER IV. Our Currency and Exchanges since 1792. — Historical sketch of the exchanges since 1792 ; and of the effects of our corn im- ports and subsidies — Tabular statement of these imports and subsidies — Our inconvertible bank paper; contradictory opin- ions on that subject The bank restriction act — The opinion of the bullion committee on that act — Effects of that act in aug- menting the disposable funds of biinkers, facilitating discounts, and prerenting the rise of interest — -The question of deprecia- tion and over-issue : Difference between an addition to the stock of bank paper and an increase of metallic currency — Discounts ; their increase during the war— Discounts, tended in some respects, to retard the rise of prices — Discounts greatly facilitated by the exemption from cash payments — Effects, in a political sense, of that exemption — Depreciation ; distinction between depreciation of bank paper, and a diminution in the value of money gens- rally. CHAPTER V. Section I. — Historical Sketch of (he Corn Trade from 168R, to 1819. — Causes of these fluctuations; the effect of our corn laws greatly overrated — Causes of fall since the peace. Sj:cTioN II. — Siluntion and Prospects of our Jtgriculturists. — Effect on the price of corn of increasing population — Effect of a bad season — Prospect of prices ; circumstances conducive to a rise — Circumstances which render a low price probable. Section III. — A protecting Duty. — Comparative burdens on French and British agriculture — Are our manufactures bene- fited by protecting duties .' — Danger of an over-extension of tillage — Objections to a high import duty — Tendency of our legislation to ultimate freedom of trade — A free import of corr) arguments for and against it, CHAPTER VI. Poor-rate. — Amount of poor-rate in the different years from 1»13 to l822--Reduciion since 1818— Workhouses— Manage- ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous, 423 mentofthe poor in Scotland and France — Compat-ative com fort of the labouring classes at different periods — Is our poor- law system beneficial to the lower orders? — Repeal of taxes on the necessaries of life. CHAPTER VII. Population. — Penury of early ages — Effect of increasing pop- ulation — Average increase of population — Leading ideas of Mr. Malthus and Mr. S. Gray — Effect of easy coinnninication — Effect of the Protestant Religion — Connexion between the in- crease of population and increase of national wealth — Compar- ison of public burdens in different parts of Europe — A'eallh of town population — The comforts of the lower oiders increase a« society advances — Statistical table of Europe in 1823, viz. the comparative taxation and population of different countries. CHAPTER VIH. On the JValional Revenue and Capital. — Table of our })resent taxable income — Connexion between the increase of our num- bers and that of our national income — France ; her national income compared with that of England. CHAPTER IX. Effect of the War on property, individual arid national. — The national debt — Effect of a state of war on the habits of in- dividuals — Losses on the transition from war to peace — Our probable situation had peace peen preserved — The late wars examined by moral considerations — Reduction of income since the peace — Effect on our public debt of the rise in the value of money — Have our public naen, smce 1793, understood our financial situation? — Mr. Pitt — The successors of Mr. Pitt — The opposition — Strictures on the education of our public men ■ — Their conduct of the late wars — Their conauct of our inter- nal affairs. CHAPTER X. Section I — Fluctuations in the Value of money. — Effects of a state of war — Causes which affect the value of money — Supply of specie from the mines— Circulation of bank paper. Section II. — Plan for lessening the injury from Fhcclua" Hon, and giving a uniform Value to J\Ioney Incomes. CHAPTER XL Section I. — Our Finances. — The national debt — Fluctua- tions in the price of stock since 1720 — Mr. Pitt's administra- tion — The sinking fund ; its limited operation — Compound in- terest a delusion — Advantages of a low rate of interest of money — Objeciiofls to a large sinking fund — Comparative taxa- tion of England and France. Section II. — Our prospects in Commerce and Finance. — Computed increase of our national income — Its surprising in- crease in the course of last century — Parallel of the resources of England and France. 424 ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous, Section III. — Views of Finance suggested by our Situation and prosjitcls. — Reljef that would arise from a reduction of taxes — Objections answered — M. Neckar ; his plan of finance — the question of a small annual loan in lieu of tax"es ; State of the iuonied interest — Transmission of capital to foreign coun- tries — Mr. Pitt; his ability in finance. MAYNARD & NOYES' INK POWDER, & hVK. I'he manufacturers have spared neither pains nor expense in their efforts to bring these articles to a state of perfection. Good VVriling Ink is a thin, uniform fluid — has a lively bluioh- black colour — flows freely from the pen, and penetrates a little into the paper. In a short time, its colour will pass to a rich, beautiful, and per,nanent black. It is formed by comb'/iing the oxide of iron witli gallic acid and tannin, while dilused through an acqueous menstruai, thickened a little with mucil- age. It is the result of the chemical action of such substan- ces upon each other, as contain these principles ; and in ma- king an Ink Powder, those are to be chosen which afifoids them in the greatest abundance. Writing Ink is used for so many important purposes, in com- mercial transactions, as well as for records and manuscripts, that perfection in the art of making it is an object of the high- est interest. As proofs of trie success of their efforts, and of the unexampled reputation of their Ink Powder arid Ink, the manufacturers offer the following testimonials. From Rev. Joseph Emerson. Prini^ipal ot the Female Seminary at Sau- gii>, (Mac* ) After a long search for thp best Ink Powder, I had the happi- ness to make trial of JVlaynard & Noyes'. Having now used it for several years, 1 am fully convinced of its superior excel- lence. I am confident those who use it according to the direc- tions, will never be disappointed in the result. iSaugus.Od. 4, 1823. JOSEPH EMERSON. From Mr. N. D. Gould, Author of Beauties of Writing, &c. I have had occasion for several years past to use, and cause to be used, a considerable quantity of Ink; and, for n)y own ^ satisfaction, have tried the different- kinds now in use ; — and I ' do not hesitate to state to the public, that I consider ihe Ink made from Maynard & Noyes' Ink Powder preferable to any other. JN'ATHANIEL D.GOULD. Boston, Oct. 8, 1823. qffice, Bank U. S.MiddJetown, Oct. l7, 1823. The Ink Powder of Messrs. Maynard k Noyes, has been nscd for some time past in this office, and J can cheerfully re- rommend it as superior to any I have heretofore used. ^ J. P. BURN HAM, Cashier, ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous* 4:25 United Slates'* Armory, Springfield, Oct. 21, 1823. I certify, that I have used, during the year past, Writing Ink made from the Powder manufactured by Messrs. Maynard &. l»foyes, of Boston, and that I have found it far superior for use, to " Walkden's British Ink Powder," or any other that I have ever made use of. W. F. VVOLCOTT. From Mr. Gersham Cobb, Accountant, and Teacher of Penmaii'hip. Boston, JVov. 11, 1823. Messrs. Maynard «fe Noyes : If of any use, with much plea- sure I give the following, as my opinion of the superior quality of the Writing Ink made from the Powder manufactured by your House, and my reasons for that opinion. Having been many years in the habit of doing fine and fis- ished pieces of writing, where the bust of Ink is absolutely ne- cessary, I found it very difficult to please myself in this article. Many recipes for different preparations which I obtained, dis- appointed in their results. I then fixed on Walkden's as the best, by using double the quantity of the Powder prescribed. This did well to appearance, as it was perfectly black, but was t0o viscous for despatch, and in fine work would give the hair mark too large, or not clear. In 1818 you mentioned having Ink of your own manufacture . I took some on trial, and have used it invariably sine**, (with the exception of two papers taken from the manufactory of Walkden in London the same year) and I now cheerfully say, I wish no better Ink than yours, and confidently believe that no better can be obtained, at present. Its fluidity admits of des- patch — the quantity of colouring matter held in solution by the liquid, renders works of nicety and care perfectly black, which is considered one of the greatest beauties in the appearance of writing — and as a proof of its superior durability, f enclose you two scraps, written in I8l8, and the only ones 1 can spare, written in ihat year.Respectfully, &c. GERSHAM COBB. From John Fisk, Cle;k of Superior Court, and Register of Deeds, Mid- dlesex Co Con. I have used Messrs Maynard and Noyes' Ink Powder for eighteen months past, and have found it superior to any I have ever before used, and cheerfully. recommend it for general use. Middletown, Dec, 30, 1823. JOHN FISK. Springfield Bank. Oct. 21, 1823. Messrs Maynard &; Noyes : I h:ive made use of your Ink al together for the last three months, and much prefer it to any have ever used; an(. I cheerfully recommend to the public the use of your powders. Respectfully, yourob't^ervart, JOHN' HOWARD, Cashier. From M: Jackson, Teacher o( Penmanship, in the Broad Street Acad- emy, Ntw-Yoik. Messrs. Maynard k Noye» : Having had one gross of yoLu- 36* 426 ADVERTISEMENTS — Miscellaneous* Ink Powder, which proving to be of superior quality, I do not hesitate to add my recommendation to the numerous ones you already have. ^ ^'elo-York, Dec. 4. 1823. Gentlemen : We have usea of your Ink for several years, and give it a decided preference. Respectfully, BARRETTS, TILESTON, & Co. Maynard and Noyes, Boston. jYew York, Dec. 3, 1823. Messrs. Maynard and Noyes, I have made tiial of the sample of Ink Powder which you furnished me from your Manufactory of that article, and have no hesitation in saying that I deem it superior to any I have be- fore used. W. S. CARDELL, Instructor. From Mr. Belcher, Master of the Public Writing School, in Derne Street, Boston. Gentlemen, In reply to your request for my opinion of the Ink Powder manufactured by you, I have only to observe, that from the ex- perience afforded me of its merits, by using it for three years past, I am enabled to say, that it is in every respect superior to all other Ink Powder of which I have any knowledge. I am your obedient, servant, Maynard and Noyes. J. H. BELCHER. Patriotic Bank of Washington, lO April, 1824. Messrs. Maynard and Noyes, Gentlemen, For the last year I have been using your black Ink. I have been much pleased with it, and have no hesitation in recom- mending it to all -who are desirous of giving permanency to their writing. O- CARR, Cashier. I give my testimony with pleasure in favor of Messrs. May- nard and Noyes' Ink. ^ , r, ANDREW COYLE. Ch. Clk. Genl. Post Office, I have no hesitation in pronouncing Messrs. Maynard and Noyes^ Black Ink to be of as good quality as I would wish to use. THOMAS B. DYER, Book-keeper G. P. Office. Manufactured and sold wholesale and retail, by Maynard and Noyes, Chemists and Apothecaries, No. 4-8 Cornhill, Bos- tof^; - SHUFF'S HOTEL. Steam-boat and Stage-house, near the Delaware River, the Steam-boat Landing, and the Trenton Bridge, Trenton, N. J. This spacious hotel, being in a delightful situation, as it respects healthiness and interesting prospects, may be considered an eligible summer residence. IQ25. INDEX. PAGE. Advertisements, • 373 Alleghany Mountains,^ • • • 12 Baltimore, description of, ••....•••• .....*• 26 Boston, description of, • 32 Brief description of the United States, 13 Californian Mountains, • 1^ Charleton, description of,.... .*• •••• 35 Climate of the United States,.... 16 Colleges — towns and states, students in 1822, when incor- porated, volumes in libraries, No. of professors, IS Columbia, District of, description of the,...,.. ..• • 23 Declivities, vallies, rivers, lakes, • 14' Education, 17 Features of the United States,, 13 Lakes, names of— length, breadth, depth, and height above highest tide water, 16 Mountains, highest Peaks of, in North America, 1* New-York citj^-, description of, 30 New-York, principal public buildings in, 31 Oregon Mountains, ••••• 14 Philadelphia, description of, 28 Philadelphia, institutions of various kinds in, and where situated, 29 Post Office Department, a view of the progress of the, 38 Postage, Rates of, 39 Rivers, longest, of North America, — Length and course, from whence discharged, into what oceans, seas, gulfs, &c.... 15 Richmond, description of, • 33 Routes, directions for finding an}' place in the, 40 Routes, general statement of the eight...... 40,41 Savannah, description of, 36 Soil of the United States, 16 Statistical view of the United States — Tables 1 and 2,. ..21, 22 Universities — towns and slates, students in 1822, when in- corporated, volumes in libraries, No. of professors, 18 United States, Statistical view of,— Tables 1 and 2, 21, 22 United States, brief description of the....... 13 Washington City, description of,. .i..*f. .....*.«• .'...♦. 23 GRAND ROUTES. NORTH EAST ROUTE. page. From Washington City to Eastport and Robinstown, Maine, 42 NORTHERN ROUTES. No. 1. — From Washington to Niagara Falls, 50 No. 2. — From Washington to Albany, N. Y. and thence to [Montreal and Quebec, 52 No. 3. — From Washington to Sackett's Harbour, 64 NORTH WESTERN ROUTE. No. 1 — From Washington to Pittsburg, and thence to Cleveland, Detroit, and Michilimackinac, 54 No. 2. — From Washington to Wheeling, by tlie U. States Turnpike, and thence to Fort Meigs and Detroit,.,,, 58 WESTERN ROUTES. No. 1. — From Washington to St. Louis, and thence to the Pacific Ocean, 60 No. 2. — From Washington to St Louis, and thence to St. Charles, Franklin, and Council Bluffs, 62 No. 3. — From Washington to St. Louis, by Lexington and Shawneetown, 64 No. 4. — From Washington to St. Louis, by Whi-eling and the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, 66 SOUTH WESTERN ROUTES. No. T — From Washington to New Orleans, by Lexington, Nashville, and Natchez, 70 No. 2. — From Washington to New-Orleans, by Staunton, Knoxville, and Nashville 72 No. 3. — From Washington to New Orleans, and thence to the Mouth of ttie Mississippi, by the Ohio and Missis- sippi rivers, 74 No. 4. — Fiom Washington to New-Orleans, by Augusta and Milledgeville — a stage route to Montgomery, Ala. 76 No. 5. — From Washington to New-Orleans, b)^ Nashville and Gen. Jackson's Koad, 78 Jfo. 6. — From Washington to N. Orleans, by Huntsville,A. 80 No. 7. — From Washington to New Orleans, by Knoxville and Cahawba, 82 No. 8.— From Washington to New-Orleans, by Athens in Georgia, 82 SOUTHERN ROUTE. From Washington to Charleston & Savannah, and thence to St. Augustine and New Smyrna,,. .. 84 SOUTH EASTERN ROUTE. From Washington to Port Tobacco, and thence to Point Lookout, 86 EASTERN ROUTE. From Washington to Annapolis, and Dover, Delaware,.... 88 STATE ROADS. _i i The roads of each Statp, winch lead to and from its princi- pal cities and capitals, and the cross-roads leading in various directions. MAINE. PACE. No. 1.— From Por-tland to Belfast 90 No. 2. — From Portland to Bangor, and thence to Grand Lake, head of St. Croix river....... 90 No. 3. — From Portland to W^orridgewock, and thence to Quebec. 92 No. 4. — From Portland to Farmington and i*»ew Portland, 92 No. 5.— From Forlland to Paris..., ., 94 No. 6. — From Portland to Waterford, and thence to An- droscoggin river , 94 No. 7. — From Portland to Fryeburg, and thence to Lan- caster, New-Hampshire •• 96 No. 8. — From Portland to Boston, by Donghty's Falls.... 96 No. 9.— From Machias to Calais 98 No. 10. — From Castine to Alexandria..... 98 No. 11. — From Wiscasset to Augusta ..• 98 No. 12. — From York to Fryeburg 98 No. 13— From Parsonfield to Portsmouth, N. Hamp 100 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. No. I. — From Portsmouth to the White Mountains and Lancaster, on Connecticut river.,.. 100 No. 2, — From Concord to Boston 102 No. 3. — From Portsmouth to Lake Winnipiseogee 102 No. 4. — From Portsmouth to Haverill Corner, and thence to Montreal 102 No. 5. — From Portsmouth to Coi.cord, and thence to Mont- pelier, Vermont 106 No. 6. — From Portsmouth to Albany, by Bennington, Vt., 108 No. 7. — From Dunstable to Concord, and thence to Lancas- ter and the Falls of Connecticut river 110 No. 8. — Grom Concord to Fryeburg, Maine 110 No. 9. — From Concord to Chailestown 112 VERMONT. The principal roads in Vermont, having been described in con- nection with those of New-Hampshire and Maine, the follow- ing only are added. No. 1. — From Montpelier to Derby and Hillbourn's....... 112 No. 2. — From Windsor to Montpelier 112 No. 3. — From Montpelier to St. Alban's and Highgate..... 114 No. 4. — From Montpelier to Burlington,. .t ••• 114 430 INDEX — State Roads, MASSACHUSETTS. PAGE. No. 1. — From Boston to Marblehead, by Salem 114 IVo. 2. — From Boston to Portland, by Doughty's Falls.... 116 No. 3. — From Boston to Montreal, by Bellow's Falls and Verge nnes 116 No. 4. — From Boston to Gloucester 118 No. 5. — From Boston to Montreal, by Stages and Steam- boats 118 No. 6. — From Boston to Winchendon 122 No, 7.— From Boston to Northfield 122 No. 8. — From Boston to Albany, and thence to Buffalo and Falls of Niagara 122 No. 9. — From Boston to Hudson, and thence to Ithaca and Erie, Penn.sylvania, through the south-western counties of New- York 124 No. 10. — From Boston to Newburg, on Hudson river 128 No. 11. — From Boston to Newport, through Rehoboth, on the Turnpike 128 No. 12. — From Boston to Provincetown, Cape Cod 130 No. 13. — From Boston to Chatham 132 No. 14. — From Worcester to Chelmsford 132 No. 15. — From Worcester to Lancaster 132 No. 16. — From Worcester to Providence, R 1 134 No. 17. — From Providence to South Kingston and Point Judith >.., 134 No. 18. — From Boston to Holmes Hole..., 134 No. 19. — From Boston to Nantucket 136 No. 20. — Route from Boston to BaJlston Springs and Mon- treal, and return by Portland.... 136 RHODE-ISLAND. Great Western Road from the New England States, through the northern parts of Pennsylvania. No. 1. — From Providence, R. I. to Erie, Penn. •• 138 No. 2. — From Providence to Albany, by Springfield and Stockbridge 142 No. 3. — From Newport to New Bedford and Barnstable, Massachusetts 144 No. 4. — From Providence to Duxborough 144 No. 5. — From Providence to South Freetown, Mass 144 No. 6. — From Providence to South Kingston and Point Judith c 146 No. 7. — From Providence to New London 146 No. 8. — From Providence to Boston 146 CONNECTICUT. No. 1. — From New Haven to Boston, by Springfield 148 No. 2. — From New Haven to Montpelier, Vermont 148 INDEX — State Roads, 431 PAGE. No. 3.— From New Haven to Haverhill Corner, N. H, ... 150 No. 4. — From New Haven to Basin Harbour, Vt 152 No. 5. — From New London to Hartford, and thence to Sheffield, Mass 154 No. 6. — From Hartford to Seabrook 154 No. 7.— FrQjjn New Haven to New Milford 136 No. 8. — From Bridgeport to New Milford » 156 No. 9. — FromNorwalk to Danbury 156 NEW- YORK. No. 1. — From New York to Boston by steam-boat, and Providence Staffe Line 153 No. 2. — From New- York to Boston, by steam-boat and Pomfret Stasre Line 160 No. 3. — From New- York to Boston fay Newport and Pro- vidence ; land and water stages......... 162 No. 4. — From New York to Boston, by Danbury and Litch- field ; a stage route 164 No. 5. — From New York to Philadelphia, by New-Bruns- wick and Trenton ; steam-boat line , 166 No. 6. — From New- York to Rockaway, Long-Island...... 168 No. 7. — From New-York to Montauk Point 168 No. 8. — From New-York to Oysterpond Point, Long Is.... 170 No. 9. — From New- York to Ocquapouge, Long Island 170 No. 10. — From New-York to Huntington and Smithtown, 170 No. n. — From New-York to Albany, by the west side of Hudson river , l72 No. 12. — From New-York to Saratoga Springs, and thence io Hopkinton and Hamilton, by east side of the river,... 174 No. 13.— Route from New- York City, to Albany, Montpe- lier, and Quebec 176 No. 14. — From New- York to Ogdensburg, by Ballston Springs and Chester 178 No. 15. — From New-York to Ogdensburg, by the Fish House... 180 No. 16. — From Albany to Niagara Falls, by Western Turnpike 180 No« 17. — From New- York to Oswego Harbour, on Lake Ontario 182 No. 18. — ^From New York toLe Raysville and Alexandria, bv Johnson... , 182 No. 19. From New-York to Sackett's Harbour, by Rome.. 184 No. 20. — From New- York to the Falls rf Niagara, by the Grand Canal and Rid2;e Road , 184 No. 21.— From New York to the Falls of Niagara, by New- burg and Montrose 186 J^o. 22.— From New -York to the Falls of Niagara, by the Hamburg Turnpike and Mootrose 188 432 INDEX — Slate Roads* PAGE. No. 23 — From New-York to Amboy, across Staten Tslantl, 190 No. 24. — From New-York, to Sandy Hook Ligiit House, Long, Branch, and thence to Cape May, by land along the coast '. 190 No. 23. — From New York to Schooley's Mountain, and thence -.to East jn and f Mladelphia 192 No. 26. — From New-York to Pittsburg, by Easlon and Reading , 194 No. 27. — From New-York to Goslien, through N. Jersey.. 196 No. 28. — From Kingston to Itbica 196 No. 29 — From Albany to Chencngo Point 196 No. 30 — F'rom Albany to Deposit, and thence to Greot Bend, Pennsylvania 198 No, 31.— From Plattrbuigto St Regis 198 No. 32. — From Flrtttsburg to Sackctt's Harbour 200 No. 33.— From Utica to Carthage, by Port Glasgow 200 No. 34 — From Albany to Pittsburg, by Cherry Valloy, Geneva, and Hamilton..... 202 No. 35. — From Buffalo to Sackett's Harbour, and thence to Montreal 204 No. 36, — From Buftalo to Detroit, and thence to Macki- naw and Green Bay, by steamboat 206 No. 37. — From Buffalo to Detroit, by land 206 No. 38. — From Buffalo to Cleaveland, and thence to Law- renceburg, Indiana .- ...... .....j. 208 No. 39. — From Albany to Pittsburg, by Cooperstown and Ithaca 208 ]>Jo 40. — From Buffalo to Pittsburg, by Erie....* 210 jjo. 41. — From Buffalo to Pittsburg, by land and Water... 210 NEW-JERSEY. No. 1. — From New-3runswick to Middleton, and thence to the Highlands of Nev»^sink, by South Amboy 212 "^o. 2 — From New-Brunswirk to Morristown 212 No. 3 — From New-Brunswi.:k to Edston, Penn 212 No. 4. — From New Brunswick to New-Hope 214 No. 5. — From Trenton to Morristown, and thence to New- burg, New-York 214 No. 6. — From Trenton to Milford, Pennsylvania, by Sorn- merville and Sparta 224 No. 7. — From Camden to Woodbury and Salem, and thence to Cape May 216 No. 8. — From Trenton to Tuckerton 216 PENNSYLVANIA. No. 1. — From Philadelphia to Norfolk, Virginia; by land and water stages.. - 218 No. 2.- From Philadelphia to Cape May, by steam-boat.. 220 INDEX — State Roads, 433 PAGE. No. 3. — From Philadelphia toJCape May, by Bridgetown.. 2.20 No. 4. — From Philadelphia to Cape-May, direct by Chew's Landing 320 No. 5. — From Philadelphia to Great Egg Harbour 222 No. 6. — From Philadelphia to Tuckerton, L. Egg Harbour, by stage 222 No. 7, — From Philadelphia to Mount Holly, and thence to the sea coast at Squam Beach. 224 No. 8. — From Philadelphia to Burlington and Bordentown, and thence to Long Branch............ ................ 224 No. 9. — From Philadelphia to New- York, by Bordentown and South Amboy..., 226 No. 10.— From Philadelphia to New- York, by Staten Isl.. 22S No. U. — From Philadelphia to New-York, by Elizabeth- town Point , 228 No. 12 — From Philadelphia to New- York, by New-Hope and Plainfield ; a stage road..... » ., 223 No. 13. — From Philadelphia to Albany, by Easton and Goshen 230 No. 14. — From Philadelphia to Milford, Pike county, 232 No. 15. — From Philadelphia to Bethany, Wayne co., by, Easton, 234 No. 16. — From Philadelphia to Bethany, by the New Turnpike Road, 234 No. 17. — From Philadelphia to Utica, by Montrose........ 236 No. 18. — From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, by Montrose and Cauga Lake............... 238 No. 19. — From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, by Seneca Lake,. ., 242 No. 20. — From Philadelphia to the Falls of Niagara, by Reading and Sunbury,..,. 244- No. 21. — From Philadelphia to Erie, by Swnbury and Bei- lefonte,.. • «.......• . 2^4 No. 22. — From Philadelphia to Erie, by Reading and Har- risburg, 246 No. 23. — From Philadelphia to Warren, Ohio, by Hunting- ton and Indiana,... 248 No. 24. — From Philadelphia to Pittsburg and Wheeling, by the Great Western Road, 252 No. 25. — From Philadelphia to Pittsburg, by York and teamboat ibid. ]>jo. io._From Mobile to Millfdgeville, Georgia, 386* MISSISSIPPL j^o. 1.— From Natchez to Natchitoches, by Alexandria,.. 386* IVo*. 2.— From Natihez to St. Stephens, ibid. TNfo. 3. — From Natchez to Fords, ;bid. 3^'o. 4. From Pascagoula to the old Indian Agency,.... ibid. i^^,i". 5.— From Norton's to the Mouth of Arkansas Rivei, ibid. ?>,-o. 6.— From Shieldsboro' to Fords, ibid. LOUISLXNA. j^-o. 1.— From New-Orleans tc. St. Louis, by Natchez and the Hot Springs, • •*;• j^o 2— From New-Orleans to St Louis, by Alexandria and the Hot Springs •••••:••":•* I^o f^_Krnm New Orleans to St. Louis by Natchitoches itj t^ni-'iiKTC ,,,...........••..•«•••••■••• ibid. ISio^"] — Frnm New-Orleans to Natchitorbos r,nd Millar's Court House, near the Great Bend of Red River .bid. jfo 5.— ^^^'" i^^^^' ^'^^'^'"^ to Nashville, by the Choctaw ^^^^ ^-„ r!!!.From*Madi?onville to St. Francisville 'bid. j^To. 7— From St. Francisville to Ford? »bid. ^T^ G.— From Natchitoches to Nacogodoches, iom. 440 INDEX — State Roads, ' PAGE. No. 9 — From Fort Miro to Arkasnas 390* No. 10. — From Opelousas to Carcasui Lake............... ibid* ARKANSAS AND MISSOURI. IVo. 1. — From Lawrence, Arkansas, to the Great Osage Village, No. 2. — From Little Rock, Arkansas, to the Great Osage ibid. Village, ibid. No. 3. — From St. Louis, Missouri, to the sources of the Mississippi River, by water,....*... ibid. No. 4. — From St. Louis to Fort Clark, on the Illinois River, by water, 392* No. 5. — From St. Louis to Chicago, , ibid. No. 6. — From St. Louis to Vantialia, Illinois, and thence to Chicago,. ibid. No. 7, — From St. Louis to the Great Osage Village, by Osage R ibid. No. y. — From St. Louis to New-Orleans, by Nashville, Tenn ibid. No. 9. — F'rom St. Louis to the Outlet of Columbia River, by th« Kansas and Multnomah Rivers, 394* No. ]0. — From bt. Louis to the Outlet of Columbia Riv- er, by La Platte and Lewi^j's Rivers, ibid. No. 11. — From St. Louis to the Outlet of Columbia Uiv- er, by the River La Platte, and over land, between Lewis's and Multnomah Rivers,.... ^ ibid« ILLINOIS, INDIANA, AND MICHIGAN. Nu. 1. — From Shawne-tovvo to Vandal-a, Illinois, 396* No. 2. — From Shawneetown tn Albion, II lOid. No. ^ — FiOiTi Fort Massac to Kabkaskia and Harrison- ville, Illinois, , ibid. No. 4. — Fioin Koskaskia, [11. to Vinceunes, Ind ihid. No, 5 — From Ka!rka!«kia to Edwaidf.ville. Ill ibid. No. <3. — From Corydon to Biownstown, Ind ibid. No. 7, — From Evansviile to Vincennes, and thence to Terre Haut: and Foit Harrison. Ind ibid. No. 8. — From Vinceunes, Ind. to Ohio River, by steam- boat, ibid. N<' -> — F>-oin Evansville to Harmony, Ind and thfucf* to Ali)ion, II ibid. From Uetroit, Mic. to Chicago, 111. and tlumce to Green Bay and Prairie des Chiens, by land and water, ibid "y^-. LRBJa'l? isJ