iMASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAf 1861-1865. By JA.IVIKS L. BOWEN. I WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY HON. HENRY L. DAWES, U. S. Senator from Massachusetts. SPRINGFIELD, MASS.: CLARK W. BRYAN & CO., iSig. i Copyright, iS88. JA-IVIBS Iv. BOWBN SPRINGFIELD, MASS. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Introduction, Preface, History of the State, 1861-1805 First Rejiimcnt, Second Regiment, Third Regiment, Fourth Regiment, Fifth V'egiment, Sixth xicgiment, Seventh Regiment, Eiglith Regiment, Nintli Regiment, Tenth Regiment, Eleventh Regiment, . Twelfth Regiment, . Thirteenth Regiment, Fourteenth Regiment, Fifteenth Regiment, . Sixteenth Regiment, . Seventeenth Regiment, Eighteenth Regiment, Nineteenth Regiment, Twentieth Regiment, Twenty-first Regiment, Twenty-second Regiment, Twenty-third Regiment, Twenty-fourth Regiment, Twenty-fifth Regiment, Twenty-sixth Regiment, Twenty-seventli Regiment, Twenty-eighth Regiment, Twenty-ninth Regiment, Thirtieth Regiment, . Thirty-first Regiment, Thirty-second Regiment, Tliirty-third Regiment, Thirty-fourth Regiment, Thirty-fifth Regiment, Thirty-sixth Regiment, Thirty-seventh Regiment Thirty-eighth Regiment, Thirty-ninth Regiment, Fortieth Regiment, . Forty-first Regiment, Forty-second Regiment, Forty-third Regiment, Forty-fourth Regiment, Forty-fifth Regiment, Forty-sixth Regiment, vii xiii 1 9!) 113 i;jO 142 148 l.JT lf)8 181 189 190 207 219 235 249 251 204 274 281 293 311 327 346 359 371 382 393 401 419 435 452 400 479 490 507 525 542 503 576 589 00;; 013 617 024 029 034 037 Forty-seventh Regiment, Forty-eighth Regiment, Forty-ninth Regiment, Fiftieth Regiment, Fifty-first Regiment, Fifty-second Regiment, Fifty-third Regiment, Fifty-fourth Regiment, Fifty-fifth Regiment,. Fifty-sixth Regiment, Fifty-seventh Regiment, Fifty-eighth Regiment, Fifty-ninth Regiment, Sixtieth Regiment, Sixty-first Regiment, Sixty-second Regiment, First Heavy Artillery, Second Heavy Artillery, Third Heavy Artillery, Fourth Heavy Artillery, First Battalion Heavy Artillery First Cavalry, Second Cavalry, . Third Cavalry, . Foiuth Cavalry, Fifth Cavalry, . Frontier Cavalry, First Light Rattery, Second Light Battery, Third Light Battery, Fourth Light Battery, Fifth Light Battery, Sixth Light Battery, Seventh Light Battery, Eighth Light Battery, Ninth Light Battery, Tenth Light Battery, Eleventh Light Battery, Twelfth Light Battery, Thirteenth Light Battery, Fourteenth Light Battery, Fifteenth Light Battery, . Sixteenth Light Battery, . Third Battalion of Rifles, Antlrew Sharpsliooters, Second Sharpshooters, Unattached Companies, . Statistical TaMe, General OflScers, SKETCHES OF GENERAL OFFICERS. Henry T.. Abbot. 875 William S. Abeit, 876 ( hark's tYancis Adams. . r.. 876 Thomas J. ('. Amory, P77 John F. Anderson, . 877 Georj^e L. Andrews, 878 Nathaniel P. Banks. 879 John IJ. Barnard. 882 James Barnes. . 883 William F. Bartlett, . 885 James L. Bates, 887 William I'.laisdell, . 887 iSamiu'l Breek. . 8-8 Henry S. Briirtci?, 890 Horaeo Brooks, 891 Sidney Bui'li;ink. 892 Benjamin F, Bntler, 893 Snniner Carrnth, 897 Sanuiel E. Chamberlain. 898 Thomas E. t'hickering, 899 Robert E. Clary. 90() William Co.!,'swell. . 901 C^yrns B. C'omstock. . 901 Darius N. Couch, 903 Robert Cowdin. 900 Charles H. Crane, M. D., 900 Georjre 11. Crosman. 907 Ca.spar Crowninsliield, 908 James A. Cunningham. 909 Arthur |{. Curtis, 910 (freely S. Curtis. 910 Nelson H. Davis. 911 Charles Devcns. Jr., 912 Arthur F. Devereux, 91.5 Charles A. R. Dimon, 916 Alonzo G. Draper, . 917 William F. Draper, . 918 Nathan A. M. Dudley, 919 Thomas H. Dunham, Jr.. 921 William Dwifrht, 922 Joseph CushiuK Edmands 923 Oliver Edwai'ds, 924 Hem-v L. Kustis, 92,5 Charles Eventt, 920 William (). Fiske, 926 Jones Frankle. . 927 Arthur A. (ioodell, . 928 William Gates. . 929 Oliver P. Goodintr, . 930 George H. Gordon, . 931 Patrick R. (Uiiney. . 932 Edward N. Hallowell. 933 Alfred S. Hartweil, . 934 (ieortre P. JIawkes, . 9:5.5 Josejih Hayes. . 935 Guy V. Henry. . 930 Edward W. Hincks. . 937 Joseph Hooker. 939 Timothy Insraham. . 942 Horatio Jenkins. Jr., 942 Thomas D. Johns, 9I( Edward F. Jones. Eras:iuis Darwin Keves John W. Kimball. '. William S. Kiny-. Ralph \V. Kii-khani. . Frederick W. l,an. R. Spratfue. Lutliei' Stejihenson. Jr., Hazard Stevens. Isaac Iim'ii.lls Stevens. Robert 11. Stevenson, Thomas (;. Stevenson, Charles P. Stone, Georg-e ('. Stronjj, Sylvanus Thayer, William S. Til'ton, . Zealous B. Tower, Edward D. Townsend, Adin Ballon Utiderwt)od Charl(!S F. Walcott, . Francis A. ^\■alker . Geori,''o Hull Ward. . Lucius II. Warren. . Francis Washburn, . Ansel D. Wass, . Stephen Minot Weld, Jr. Georu-e n. Wells. Amiel \V. Whipple, . Charles A. Whittier. Edward A. Wild. ■Robert Williams, P.MiE 944 945 940 947 94« 949 9.50 951 953 954 955 950 958 900 900 901 m-i 903 904 965 906 900 9()7 9(iS 909 970 970 972 973 973 974 975 97(i 977 980 980 981 982 983 985 987 987 989 990 993 993 995 990 997 99S 999 1000 1001 11102 1003 1004 1005 10013 1008 100s 1010 LIST OF PORTRAITS. t t Governor Andrew, . Frontispiece Hon. Henry L. Dawes, . . vi •James L. Bowen, . . . xii Senator Charles Sumner, . . 85 Senator Henry Wilson, . . 86 Genekals : — Nathaniel P. Banks, . . 879 John G. Barnard, . . 883 James Barnes, . . . 884 William F. Bartlett, . . 885 William Blaisdell, . . 888 Samuel Breck, . . . 889 Henry S. Briggs, . . .890 Horace Brooks, . . . 892 Benjamin F. Butler, . . 894 Samuel E. Chamherlain, . 898 Thomas E. Chickering, . 900 Cyrus B. Comstock, . 902 Darius N. Couch, . . 90o Charles 11. Crane, M. D., . 907 George H. Crosman, . . 908 Nelson H. Davis, . . 911 Charles Devens, . . . 9l;j Arthur E. Devereux, . . 915 William F. Draper, . . 918 Nathan A. M. Dudley, . 919 Oliver Edwards, . . . 924 William O. Fiske. . 920 Jones F'rankle, . . . 928 Arthur A. Goodell, . 929 George H. Gordon, . . 932 Genekals : — PAGE Patrick H. Guiney, '.>■',■> Edward W. Hincks, 9.-J7 Joseph Hooker, . 940 Horatio Jenkins, Jr., . 94:1 Erasmus D. Koyes, 94.-) Ealph W. Kirkhara, 94S Frederick W, Lander, 949 William H. Lawrence, 951 Horace C. Lee, 9.52 William S. Lincoln, 9.55 Luke Lyman, 9.59 Albert Ordway, . 903 Francis A. Osboni, 9(U Josiah Pickett, . 9(iS George L. Prescott, 971 Samuel M. Quincy, 972 Horace Binney Saruent, 977 Rufus Saxton, 978 Augustus B. R. Spiagne, 981 Luther Stephenson. Jr.. 983 Hazard Stevens, . 984 Isaac I. Stevens, . 985 Thomas G. Stevenson, 988 Edwin V. Sumner, 991 William S. Tilton, 994 Zealous B. Tower, 995 Adin B. Underwood, . 998 Francis A. Walker, 99!) George H. Ward, 1001 Amic'l W. Whipple, 1007 Edward A. Wild, 1009 A«c ^^ ..■:^ Hon. IIenky L. Da-wtis. INTRODUCTION This work has not been undertaken to feed the pride of Massa- chusetts, nor has any desire crept into it to assert for her soldiers any claim for distinction that shall disparage others. It is under- taken in full recognition of the fact that in the great struggle in which all had a common stake the citizen soldier lost sight of State lines and distinctions in a broader and higher patriotism. It is an endeavor to discharge for Massachusetts a debt which all of the States true to the Union owe to the valor and sacrifice of their citi- zen soldiery, that, as far as possible, the life they lived and the death they faced that the nation might live may be preserved in all their interesting detail and thrilling incident as a tender memory and an inspiring example. It has fallen to able and brilliant men of literary reputation to write the history of the war and of the causes out of which it sprung, and many valuable books have been written in our own and other States which have put in permanent form for posterity the statistics of the several States in the war, and many and just tributes to individual heroism have illumined the pages of those who have written of its wonderful campaigns and awful battlefields. But few, if any, who, like the author of this book, lived during that terrible period all the phases and met all the experiences of a soldier's life, save that extreme one he saw so many comrades meet, have undertaken to bring out for others to read the manner of life a soldier lived, its different sides and shades, its sunshine^thc little there was in it — and the trials and hazards that waited on all its footsteps. In a marked degree the soldiers of Massachusetts were drawn from every walk in life. Xot only did the sons of toil leave the plow and the workshop for the camp, but all clasises of her people viii INTEOD UCTION. in less arduous and exacting pursuits in life, from all the profes- sions and all the institutions of learning, from the student's cloister and the scholar's retreat, put off the garb of their calling and took their place in the ranks of the soldier. Every Massachusetts regi- ment contained well nigh a complement of artizans skilled in all the handiwork that the exigencies of war might ever require. All varied pursuits and professions had their representatives in each of our regiments, able, while fighting as common soldiers, to put also the training of their lives, if need be, to the service of their country. This great variety in the character and home habits among the Massachusetts soldiers added greatly to the interesting features of the lives they lived, as well as to the efficiency and value of the service they rendered. The material furnished by this phase of a soldier's life, so abundant in the regiments and camp life of the Massachusetts soldiers, cannot fail to add interest and attraction, almost amounting to romance, when the whole story of their expe- riences and work comes to be told. It will be seen how many times the success of large undertakings, of battles, and even of campaigns, was made certain by, if it did not often hinge upon, the training in civil life and genius in exigency brought into camp as a part of their outfit from that almost infinite variety of pursuit which our soldiers left behind when they answered the call of their coun- try. No Massachusetts regiment was without men in the ranks competent to man and run an engine on a sudden emergency, or repair its machinery if need be, to build a bridge if wanted, black- smiths if they were the need, telegraph operators if the peril of the instant required such service. It seemed as if Massachusetts had sent into the war men educated and trained on purpose to meet, as far as ])reparation could fit them, the unforeseen chances and casual- ties of war. What it fell to those men to do, in critical moments, in averting disaster or insuring success is no small part of the ser- vice our Commonwealth rendered the country. Iliit in a l)roader sense, and by a higher standard, did Massachu- setts win imp(Tishal)l(' distinction in the war. She furnished no INTRODUCTION. ix battleiicld for the clash of arms and the spilling of blood, but that great battle of ideas which preceded the war and which the war alone could compose was waged first and fiercest and longest where those that preceded the Revolution were waged. They had a com- mon birthplace, and Faneuil Hall was the cradle of them all. The lineage and even the lineaments of the fathers who agitated, and debated, and threw overboard the tea, could easily l)e traced in the sons who defied the fugitive slave law and set at liberty Anthony Burns. And when out of the conflict of those ideas came the clash of arms and the shedding of blood, it was but the continuity in Baltimore of the fight on Lexington Green, and the baptizing anew of our own 19th of April with the blood of ^Massachusetts martyrs. Massachusetts had a Governor in 1861 and during this later war aglow with the same fire and consecrated to the same cause which animated her first war g'overnors — wearing fitly the mantle of John Hancock and Samuel Adams. He had his field glass upon the manoeuvres of the enemies of their country, even before they were discovered at the seat of government, and he brought her Legislat- ui'e up to the work of preparation for the outburst of a long-gath- ering storm, the sure approach of which seemed revealed more clearly to his vision than to that of any others in authority. Thus it came to pass that our Commonwealth began earlier than any of her sister States the outfitting of soldiers — even before the call for volunteers had been issued by the President — and was in readiness to respond at a day's notice. She sent out also in the person of her great anti-slavery ])rophet and senator, Charles Sum- ner, the avant courier proclaiming to the world the ideas which dominated the war and setting up the flagstaff along the line of march farther in front than was revealed to the ordinary vision, but up to and even beyond which the forces controlling the conflict impelled the armies and government of the rei)ublic. She furnished also the chairman of the military committee of the Senate during the entire war, whose devotion to the arduous duties devolving upon that committee was felt as that of no other man in every army X INTRODUCTION. corps, through all its complicated organization, from the outfit of commander to the tent life of the soldiers in the ranks, in giving efficiency, in inspiring courage, and in securing all possible comfort and care to those braving all and suffering all to which a soldier is exposed in war. Not less useful and essential in achieving success, if less conspicuous, was the service Massachusetts rendered through her delegation in the House of Representatives during the war. It has been recently said by one outside of her borders and not sym- pathizing with her during the great struggle for the Union, that during the period from 1855 to 1875, which covers the conflict out of which the war arose, the war itself, and the period of recon- struction : — " Whether it was for weal or for woe, whether it was wisely or unwisely done, men may differ and historians may dispute, — but as a matter of fact Massachusetts led America and led her with an audacity and an aggressiveness, with a skill and an eloquence, with a power and force that have never been surpassed in all the tide of time in the leadership of a great people."* In chronicling the part which the Massachusetts soldier bore in the brunt and flagrant ordeal of war itself, how much more than all else she contributed will one find to relate of patient endurance, of costly sacrifice, of heroic death, and sublime martyrdom in the ranks of her soldiery and among those who commanded and led them. A quarter of a century and more has elapsed since the storv of the achievements of our soldiers on distant battlefields was brought back to sorrowing homes among us, told too often on coffin lids, and too frequently for peace or composure in crippled and mangled and wasted sons and brothers coming back to die. And even yet grief and horror, mingling with the pride their valor en- kindles, so disturb us that it is difficult to hold a steady pen when attempting to recount for those who are to come after these our heroes the sacrifice and martyrdom wliich crowned their lives. Those who had any share in the tragic incidents of the war must *Mr. Breckinridge of Ky., II. of R., Jauuary I'Jtli, IS88. INTRODUCTION. xi have passed away from among men before tlic historian will arise whose })en will record or describe those great historical events with the cool indifference of judicial impartiality, but neither history nor patriotism will withhold the debt which is due and the tribute which belongs to the brave soldier till after he shall have passed beyond the knowledge of either. And it is well that it should be so. Contemporaries and participants alone can tell the thrilling and immortal story ; and the intensity of feeling, the buiuing patriotism and the self-abnegation which, like inspiration, lifted the soldier into a higher atmosphere and awakened in him a new life, can be portrayed in their true colors only by those whose whole being was pervaded and illumined by the light of experience. A single battlefield reproduced in any a])proach to reality would even now tax the credulity of all whose eyes had never looked upon the scene itself. The historian of Massachusetts in the war will have more than a hundred of these to describe, and will arise from his task sorrowing that his colors are so pale and that his best effort falls so far short of what his own eyes have seen. Nothing but miraculous power can bring back to the minds and hearts of the citizens of to-day, much less to those of future generations, a re- alization of the marvelous and awe-inspiring scenes through which the Massachusetts soldiers marched from Baltimore to Appomat- tox. And yet a failure to attempt this ^\''ork or to stop in it short of the limit to human endeavor is a dereliction of duty which our Commonwealth cannot afford to condone. There is in it a wealth of patriotic sacrifice, of sublime heroism, and glorious example, of which she cannot disinherit her children. She must take care that it is transmitted to them, like refined gold, in its original luster, so stamped and so kept that its true lesson and real worth will be recognized of them all, whatever shadow may in the future obscure the path of duty and* however formidable the difficulties that may beset their footsteps. HENRY L. DAWES. \ Ja.IIKs L. I^OWKX. PREFACE. This book is written from a Massachusetts stand-point. It does not, therefore, attempt to present a general history of the great Civil War, and the author has taken it for granted that the reader will be so far acquainted with the prominent feat- ures of that war that he will trace and duly appreciate the relation of what is here recorded to the great whole. His attempt has been in so far as practicable to record in a con- cise yet comprehensive way the part taken by the Common- wealth — by its government in meeting the demands upon it as an integral part of the Nation ; by its statesmen in the halls of Congress and elsewhere; by its military sons in the various fields to which they were called; by its philanthropists in their noble efforts to meet and solve the humanitarian problems which were the outgrowth of the war; and by its sanitary and benevolent associations, which in the best spirit of Christian kindness did so much, so tenderly and so faithfully, to ame- liorate the horrors of warfare. The attempt to cover in a single volume so great a field has necessitated much research, patient investigation and care- ful verification, with most rigorous condensation. No attempt has been made to build up suppositions as to what might have been under other conditions; it has seemed sufficient to state what was done and the immediate effects of the doing. The basis of the work has naturally been the official records of the Commonwealth, published and unpublished; but these have xiv PREFACE. been supplemented by the records of the Nation, by all avail- able authentic publications, and by valuable contributions of information from participants and others. To the hundreds from whom he has received assistance, direct or indirect, the author can only in this general way express his sincere ap- preciation and tender his thanks. Few words of explanation are felt to be necessary regarding the plan of the work. In the sketches of organizations, the purpose has been to give the original roster of officers, with some of the more important subsequent changes; to follow the regiment or company in all its Avanderings; to give as ac- curately as possible its losses in every conflict in which it took part, and to notice the death of every commissioned offi- cer from the state. In casual references to general officers, the simple title of "General" has commonly been used, as it was deemed sufficiently explicit; while in other grades officers have usually been designated by their actual commissioned and mustered rank. There were many brevets, as well as com- plimentary commissions under which the recipient was not mus- tered into the national service, important to the individual and honorably won, but not coming within the scope of this chronicle. In the Statistical Table following these sketches the author has indulged in some modifications which he believes Avill make them more accurate and valuable for purposes of comparison, though much more elaborate compilations would be necessary to insure exactness and entire justice. The member- ship column is intended to give approximately the number of individuals (re-enlistments not counted) who served with the organization. Assigned recruits and otliers who never reported for duty are not counted ; yet it has been necessary to include in some of the regiments and companies large numbers who only served for a short time. In such cases the student should bear in mind lliat couiparisons and percentages must at the best be misleading. PREFACE. XV The sketches of General Officers will be found interesting and valuable, and great effort has been made to have them entirely accurate. Their aim, in harmony with that of other portions of .the book, is simply to present the story of what the several individuals did and were during the period of the war. In a few cases, a brief reference to the earlier life of the officer has seemed necessary in connection with his part in the rebellion. In addition to those officers entering the service with the volunteer organizations from the state, it has been deemed just to include those sons of Massachusetts serv- ing in the regular army, as well as those not residents or natives of the state who were commissioned by Governor An- drew and subsequently rose to higher i-ank. Finally, the volume is sent out, not with a vain-glorious purpose to exalt our own by any depreciation of the part borne by other Commonwealths. The simple narration of wiiat Mas- sachusetts was and did must fill the breast of every patriot with a renewed faith in humanity ; a thankful heart for the devotion and the courage which won so glorious a name; a pang of tender sorrow at the sacrifices required. The writer has risen from his task, more than ever proud to be a citizen ©f the state which wrought so magnificent a work during those crucial times ; which gave so many strong arms and wise heads and faithful hearts to the demands of the hour. To have shared never so humbly in that grand uprising and outpour- ing of a world's best exhibition of heroism and consecration is honor indeed ; in this imperfect record of the deeds of a great and honored Commonwealth, it is hoped that there may be incentive for constant and increasing devotion to all which makes for the uplifting and progress of our common human- ity — the best and truest patriotism. JAMES L. BO WEN. Springfield, Mass., November, 1889. CHAPTER 1. The Election of 1860 — The New State Government — Preparatory Measures — Loi'Alty of Massachusetts — Opening of Hostilities — The President's Call and the Sending Forth of the Militia. FOUR candidates for the governorship of Massachusetts en- tered the field in the political campaign of 1860, represent- ing the four parties in the presidential contest. John A. Andrew of Boston was the republican candidate, and Erasmus D. Beach of Springfield the Douglas democratic, while the remaining factions of the democratic party — the Bell-Everett and the Breckin- ridge — were represented respectively by Amos A. Lawrence of Boston and Benjamin F. Butler of Lowell. The election was held on the 6th of November and the total vote for the four candidates, in- cluding 75 scattering ballots, was 169,609. Mr. Andrew received 104,527, Mr. Beach 35,191, Mr. Lawrence 23,816 and Mr. Butler 6,000 ; the clear majority of Mr. Andrew over all competitors was 39,445. The entire republican state ticket was elected by about the same majority, and the congressional delegation was wholly republican. The new state government was inaugurated on the 5th of Janu- ary, 1861. South Carolina had passed the ordinance of secession two Aveeks before ; three other southern states were on the point of following her example and yet others were taking earnest steps in that direction. The situation was one of grave importance ; civil war was almost a foregone conclusion, and the people naturally turned with anxious thoughts to scan anew the records and the public acts of those who were to be their leaders in such a moment- ous crisis. The new governor of the Old Bay State bore this scrutiny well, and his first official acts were of a nature to inspire confidence in his fitness for the important position to which he had been called. Never a politician in the ordinary sense of the term, 2 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Governor Andrew came to the high and responsible office untram- meled and free to devote the wonderful energies of his nature to the service of the Commonwealth and the nation. Being then in his 43d year, having been born in Maine in 1818, he was in the full possession of his superb mental and physical powers. John A. Andrew graduated at Bowdoin college at the age of 19, gave a few years to the study of law, and in 1840 was admitted to the bar of Suffolk county, entering an office in Boston. His success in the profession was marked and rapid, so that at the time of his election he undoubtedly stood at the head of the Massachu- setts bar. His public life had been confined to a single term in the state Legislature, though in the previous summer he had been chair- man of the Massachusetts delegation to the republican convention at Chicago, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the presidency. This was in brief what the people of the Commonwealth knew at that time of the man who had been placed at the head of the state government. It was an unstained record, and in the crucial test' to which Mr. Andrew was at once subjected, the promise it gave was nobly redeemed. The new Legislature met and organized January 2, 1861, with William Clatlin of Newton as president of the Senate and John A. Goodwin of Lowell speaker of the House of Representatives. A departure from the ordinary procedure in such cases was a retiring address from Governor Nathaniel P. Banks, who had for three years successfully conducted the duties of the office. Impressed by the omens of the times, that high-minded patriot communicated to the incoming government his views and such suggestions as his ex- perience prompted. In that address he held out no hope of escape from a terrible civil contest ; but he had no fear for the final result. " There can be no peaceable secession of the states," he declared. " The strength of every government must be tested by revolt and revolution. I doubt not that the providence of God, that has pro- tected us hitherto, will pi-escrve us now and hereafter." President Claliin of the Senate, on taking the chair to which he had been elected, referred to the threatening situation, saying, " Whatever action we may take, let us be careful of the rights of others, but faithful to our trusts." Speaker Goodwin, in reference to the same subject, remarked : — For the second time in our history, we see a state of our Uuion PATRIOTIC WORDS AND DEEDS. 3 setting at naught the common compact, and raising the hand of remorse- less violence against a whole section of her sister states, and against the Union itself. But for the first, time in our history are unrebiiked trai- tors seen in the high places of the nation, where, with undaunted front, they awe into treasonable inaction the hand the peoj)le have solemnly de})uted to hold the scales of justice, and wield the imperial sword. It is to 1)0 remembered that Massachusetts sacrificed much to establish the Union, and to defend and perpetuate it. She is ready to sacrifice more, provided it touch not her honor or the principles of free government, — principles interwoven with her whole history and never dearer to the hearts of her people of all classes and parties than they are to-day. Let us approach this portion of our duties with cool- ness and deliberation, and with a generous patriotism. Adjutant General Schouler, at about the same time, responding to a toast to Major Anderson, then besieged in Fort Sumter, spoke for the military power of the state when he said: " We have no boasts to make ; history tells wdiat the men of Massachusetts have done, and they vs^ill never disgrace that history." Everywhere there was the same feeling, — that w^ar should be avoided if it were possi- ble, even by any sacrifice or compromise compatible with honor and equal rights ; but if the last resort failed, and the dreadful alter- native presented itself, the honor of the Old Bay State should be vindicated and its devotion to the Union and the national govern- ment be put forever beyond question. In few words the new gov- ernor, while treating the entire subject at length and with great ability, summed up the situation, saying, " The people will forever stand by the country." It will from this be understood with what pur})ose the men of Massachusetts acted ; and while every possible preparation was being made for meeting what w^as considered the inevitable struggle, it is not a matter of surprise or an evidence of divided councils that before the close of the month a petition, bear- ing the names of 15,000 prominent people of the state, urging con- ciliatory mcasui-es to avert if i)ossible the threatened strife, was sent to the Massachusetts delegation in Congress. In the same direction was the appointment by the Legislature, early in February, of a commission to represent the state at the conference or convention called at the instance of Virginia to meet at Washington, Avlien the Bay State was represented by this able list of her sons : Lieutenant Governor John Z. Goodrich of Stock- bridge, Charles Allen of Worcester, George S. Boutwell of Groton, Francis B. Crowninshield of Boston, Theophilus P. Chandler of 4 MASSACIIUHETTS IX THE WAE. Brookline, John M. Forbes of Milton and Richard B. Waters of Beverly. This convention was duly held and submitted to Congress its plan for compromise ; but nothing could then check the mad race of secession. While these efforts in behalf of peace were being made, Gover- nor Andrew and his associates were not idle. These associates consisted of Lieutenant Governor John Z. Goodrich, who soon after resigned, being appointed collector of the port of Boston ; Secretary of State Oliver Warner of Northampton, Treasurer and Receiver General Henry K. Oliver of Salem, Attorney General Dwight Fos- ter of Worcester, Auditor Levi Reed of Abington, Executive Coun- cilors Jacob Sleeper of Boston, John I. Baker of Beverly, James M. Shute of Somerville, Hugh M. Green of Northfield, Joel Hayden of Williamsburg, James Ritchie of Roxbury, Oakes Ames of Easton and Eleazer C. Sherman of Plymouth. The state Legislature con- sisted of a Senate of 40 and a House of Representatives of 240 members. The first movement of Governor Andrew was to put himself in communication with the executives of the other New England states, dispatching messengers to each on the evening of his inauguration. Colonel Wardrop of the Third Regiment of Militia was sent to Ver- mont, while Colonel Albert G. Clarke, afterward the governor's private military secretary, went to New Hampshire and Maine. Other representatives visited Connecticut and Rhode Island. All of these were cordially received. It was arranged that in all the states salutes should be fired and other demonstrations made on the 8th of January, in honor of General Jackson's victory at New Orleans, with a view to quickening the patriotic pulse ; and from Maine, where an important conference was held, the message was returned that wherever Massachusetts led that commonwealth would follow. By this thoughtful act of her chief officer, Massachusetts occupied her rightful position of leader of the New England states — a position in keeping with her material and numerical strength and her previous proud record in the van of many a noble cause. Immediate attention was given by the executive to the perfection of the militia organizations of the state, so that if their services should be called for they could not only respond at once, but in a manner to reflect credit upon the CommonAvealth. These organiza- tions were not formidable in numbers. While the state militia THE MILITIA ORGANIZATIONS. 5 com))rise(;l three divisions, commanded respectively by Major Gen- erals Sutton, Morse and Andrews, with two brigades to each divis- ion, the total numerical strength only reached 5,593 officers and men, divided into nine regiments and three battalions of infantry, three battalions and eight unattached companies of riflemen, and one battalion and live unattached Cjmpanies of cavalry. Back of these organizations was the registered but unorganized militia of the state, between the ages of 18 and 45, making a total strength of 155,389. Under the laws of the state the officers furnished their own arms and uniforms and the men also uniformed them- selves while the state furnished their arms and equipments and paid the rent of armories for the several companies. In "the way of armament the total resources of the state at that time consisted of 71 pieces of field artillery of all calibers and about 10,000 muskets, a quarter of which were of the Springfield rificd muzzle-loading pattern, the remainder being smooth-bores of various makes. The active head of, the military organization of the state was Adjutant General William Schouler, who had been appointed to the position by Governor Banks, and retained office through the ad- ministration of Governor Andrew, to whom, he rendered inestima- ble service from his intimate knowledge of everything ])crtaining to his department, his quick comprehension of new phases of the situation as they arose, and his whole-souled devotion to his duties. To his valuable suggestions, embodied in his report for 1860, ren- dered just before the change of administration, and those afterward communicated at the request of the executive or incorporated in official documents, the governor was largely indebted for his quick and comi)rehcnsive grasp of the situation and its details. A special order was issued by Governor Andrew through the adjutant general on the 7th of January, 1861, directing that the following day should be observed by the firing of 100 guns on Bos- ton Common and national salutes at various other cities and towns of the Commonwealth, '' In commemoration of the brave defense of New Orleans, January 8, 1815, by the deceased patriot, General Jackson, and in honor of the gallant conduct and wise foresight of Major Anderson, now in command of Fort Sumter, in the state of South Carolina." A second order, and one of greater importance, followed on the 16th, which, after citing the pr()V)ability that the militia of the 6 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. state might be called upon to assist the President of the United States in enforcing the laws, directed, — That the commanding officer of each company of volunteer militia examine with care the roll of his comimny, and cause the name of each member, together with his rank and place of residence, to be pro])erly recorded, and a copy of the same to be forwarded to the office of the adjutant general. Previous to which, commanders of com- panies shall make strict inquiry whether there are men in their com- mands who from age, physical defect, business or family causes, may be unable or indisposed to respond at once to the orders of the com- mander-in-chief, made in response to the call of the President of the United States, that they be forthwith discharged ; so that their places may be filled by men ready for any public exigency which may arise, whenever called upon. After the above orders shall have been fulfilled, no discharge, either of officer or private, shall be granted, unless for cause satisfac- tory to the commander-in-chief. If any companies have not the number of men allowed by law, the commanders of the same shall make proper exertions to have the vacancies filled, and the men properly drilled and uniformed, and their names and places of residence forwarded to head-quarters. Naturally, in the excited condition of the country, this order met with prompt attention and caused no little comment. While in rare instances denounced as unnecessary and sensational, it was generally commended, by the press and by public opinion, as a wise precaution, and this conviction was deepened as its good effects were manifest in the improved morale of the different commands and the hightened esprit du corps. The growth of the martial spirit was something remarkable, and numerous applications reached head-quarters for authority to form new companies, though none were then authorized. The action of the Legislature during these days of suspense left no imcertainty as to the position which Avould be taken by the Com- monwealth in case the trial of arms between the national govern- ment and the seceding states came. Its first enactment in relation to the matter passed and was approved on the 23d of January, being a series of resolves exjjressive of approval of the "determination evinced in the recent firm and patriotic special message of the Presi- dent of the United States," and proffering to him " through the governor of the Commonwealth, such aid in men and money as he may require to maintain the authority of the national government." To this resolve there w^as practically no opposition, though free dis- I THE OPENING GUNS AT SUMTER. 7 cussion was invited. There was more variance of opinion in regard to the proposition to authorize the governor to appoint commission- ers to meet and confer with the representatives of Virginia and other states ; but as the proposed convention was nominally in the interest of peace the authority was voted and the governor ap- pointed the commission as above named. As the session was about closing, the Legislature, on the 3d of April, passed an act authorizing the adjutant general, who was also acting quartermaster general, to equip 2000 troops for active ser- vice, an appropriation of not exceeding $25,000 being made for the purpose. This legislation created considerable adverse comment among those not politically in sympathy with the administration, though within a few days its wisdom was abundantly justified, in a manner to silence all criticism from those, of whatever party, true to the cause of the national government and its integrity. In the midst of this preparation and suspense, the bombardment of Fort Sumter, which opened on the day following the adjournment of the Massachusetts Legislature, canie like an electric shock. It cleared the air of doubts and uncertainties. It assured the gover- nor and his associates that their precautionary preparations had been wise ; it dispelled the cherished hope that civil war might be averted, and it drew the line sharply between those who upheld the Federal government and its open or covert enemies. While a few of the latter were to be found, their numbers were comparatively insignificant ; and when the question became that of union or dis- union, the great majority of those not politically in accord with the state and national administrations joined hands with them in sup- port of the imperiled government. With the fall of Sumter, in- decision and hesitation vanished. Every house displayed the em- blems of loyalty ; man and woman, child and old age wore rosettes of red, white and blue ; the stars and stripes were unfurled from every flag-staff. The naturally cool blood of the North, which had shrunk from the prospect of fratricidal strife, now burned to avenge the insult to the nation and its flag. While this excitement was at its hight came the first call of Presi- dent Lincoln for troops — 75,000 men to serve for three months, the longest term for which the militia could be called outside of their respective states. Of this force Massachusetts was called upon for two regiments, the governor receiving the requisition formally from 8 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the secretary of war on the 15th of April, a few hours after a tele- gram had been received from Senator Henry Wilson announcing the call. Immediate messages were sent out calling upon the Third, Fourth, Sixth and Eighth Regiments to report at once at Boston, the head-quarters of these organizations being respectively at New Bedford, Quincy, Pepperell and Lynn. Within a week after the receipt of the general orders in January, before referred to, Colonel Jones of the Sixth had reported his command ready for duty when- ever their services should be demanded, and the promptness with which the call was met showed that all had been alike thorough in preparation. Early on the morning of the IGth the Marblehead companies of the Eighth Regiment reached Boston, being the first in the city and marching in a severe rain-storm from the depot through streets lined with enthusiastic spectators to the quarters provided for them. They were not much in advance of their comrades, however, for before the close of the day the four regiments were in Boston with ranks well filled, anxious for the orders to set forth. During the bustle of preparation — the two regiments being ordered to Washing- ton to be mustered into the national service — an additional dispatch was received from the secretary of war doubling the quota of Mas- sachusetts, making it to consist of four full regiments, under com- mand of a brigadier general. Though not the senior brigadier, General Benjamin F. Butler of Lowell, commanding the Third Brigade, Second Division, secured the appointment, and, dropping the case upon which he was engaged in a Boston court, made his arrangements for departure with his command. Something of a reorganization of the regiments was necessary to make them conform to the United States standard. While the state system required but eight companies to the regiment, ten were demanded by the regulations of the general government. To obtain the requisite number of companies, some were detached from other regiments, not ordered into service ; while the Third and Fourth Regiments went forward incomplete in this respect, additional com- panies joining them later. In the militia, also, each company was allowed four lieutenants, though but two were recognized in the United States service, and there were other variations in the rosters of ofhcers recognized by the two systems. Nor was the treatment of the matter by the general government uniform. In THE MILITIA REGIMENTS SENT. 9 the case of the regiments sent to Washington, the officers accom- panying the several commands were mustered without protest ; while at Fortress Monroe the national regulations were strictly in- sisted upon. On the receipt of the intelligence that four regiments would be accei)ted from Massachusetts, Governor Andrew ordered Ccjlonel Lawrence of Mcdford to report at once with his Fifth Regiment at Boston, prepared to take the field. These orders were not received till the 19tli, but the regiment was in Boston ready for departure the following day, though transportation was not provided till the 21st. Meantime the other regiments had gone forward, — the Third and Fourth going by water to Fortress Monroe, which they reached in safety and where their presence doubtless saved that stronghold from assault if not from capture by the Confederate force gathering in that vicinity. The Sixth and Eighth Regiments, being ordered to Washington direct, had set forward by rail, the former being about a day in advance of the latter, which was accompanied by General Butler and his staff. The orders had been issued for the Fifth to prepare to follow, and at last there seemed opportunity for a brief cessation of the arduous labors and excitement of the few days just passed. Yet during this momentary respite, intelligence even more start- ling than that of the firing upon Sumter was telegraphed from Baltimore throughout the loyal states. The attack upon Major Anderson had been anticipated ; that upon Colonel Jones's com- mand in the streets of Baltimore had not been. The people stood aghast with a deeper realization than before of the seriousness of the situation ; but to the tireless toilers at the State House there came only the call to renewed exertions and a graver responsibility. General Butler, pausing at Philadelphia with the Eighth Regiment, devised a plan of action and sent back urgently for the Fifth Regi- ment and Cook's Light Battery. The former had already been summoned ; the latter had not. The weary adjutant general was roused from his bed at a neighboring hotel and at once set out to summon the sleejjing artillerists. So expeditiously was this done that early the following forenoon the command with full ranks and equipped for duty was waiting the order for departure. On the morning of the 20th, Major Devens at Worcester was directed to go forward as soon as possible with his battalion of Riliemen — three 10 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. companies. At 5 o'clock that afternoon the command was in line, ready for the final orders, and that evening took cars for Annapolis. The Fifth Regiment, accompanied by the battery, set out the fol- lowing day. Thus, within six days from receiving the first call, the Common- wealth had assembled, equipped and sent forth, ready for active duty in any sphere to which tliey might be called, five regiments of infantry, nearly complete, one battery of field artillery with horses, equipment and ten tons of ammunition, and a battalion of rifle- men. The promptness of the response, the efficiency of the troops and the importance of the positions which they filled, were all matters of which the Old Bay State might justly be proud. CHAPTER II. Extra Session of the LECiisLAxuRE — Vigorous Legislative Measures — Public Support of the Government — Enthusiastic Enlistments — Con- dition of Boston Harbor — Organization of Relief and Sanitary societiks. THE gravity of the situation was now fully apparent. Even the most sanguine could no longer hope for a speedy solu- tion of the difficulties which distracted the country. A multitude of questions of vital importance pressed upon the state executive, which his constitutional powers were inadequate to meet. The Legislature had but just dissolved, after having made such provision as the circumstances had justilied. Yet in a few days the presence of actual war, with its demands upon the resources of the Commonwealth, imperatively demanded that further measures, and those of grave importance, should be immediately taken. There was no alternative to the calling of a special session, and this the governor did by proclamation dated the 4th of May. On the 14th of May the two houses convened and the gover- nor's message was read. It was a document of remarkable power, treating the issues of the hour in a patriotic and statesmanlike manner. After detailing the action taken by the Massachusetts troops and officials in other stations, the enlistment of additional companies and the necessary expense incurred, for which the Legis- lature would be called to make provision, already amounting to over $265,000, he urged such measures as his judgment prompted, with strong expressions of the spirit which he felt should inspire the duties of the occasion. This message so well illustrated the temper of the man through all the trying scenes of his long official term, that extracts from it may well be given. In opening he said : — The occasion demands action, and it shall not be delayed by speech; nor do either the people or their representatives need or require to be 12 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. stimulated by apj^eals or couviuced by arguments. A g>-and era has dawned, inaugurated by the present great and critical exigency of the nation, through which it will providentially and triumphantly pass, and soon, emerging from apparent gloom, will breathe a freer inspira- tion in the assured consciousness of vitality and power. Confident of our ultimate future ; confident in the principles and ideas of demo- cratic republican government, in the capacity, conviction and manly purpose of the American people, wherever liberty exists, and repub- lican government is administered under the purifying and instructing power of free opinion and free debate, — I perceive nothing now about us which ought to discourage the good or to alarm the brave. . . . This is no war of sections, no war of North and South, It is waged to avenge no former wrongs, nor to perpetuate ancient griefs or memo- ries of conflict. It is the struggle of the people to vindicate their own rights, to retain and invigorate the institutions of their fathers. . . . No creative art has ever woven into song a story more tender in its pathos, or more stirring to the martial blood, than the scenes just enacted, passing before our eyes in the villages and towns of our dear old Commonwealth. . . The yeomanry who in 1775, on Lexington Common and on the l)anks of the Concord river, first made that day immortal in our annals, have found their lineal re])resenta- tives in the historic regiment Avhich, on the 19th of April, 1861, in the streets of Baltimore, bajjtizcd our flag anew in heroic blood. . . Let us never, under any conceivable circumstances of provocation or indignation, forget that the right of free discussion of all public ques- tions is guaranteed to every individal on Massachusetts soil, by the set- tled convictions of her people, l)y the habits of her successive genera- tions, and by express provisions of her constitution. Thus was voiced in eloquent language, confidence in the people, trust in the final result of the great contest, a patriotic purpose to labor for the saving of the Union, pride in the spectacle presented b\' his Commonwealth, and a jealous care that even in the excite- ment of civil war the right of free speech and personal conviction should not suffer. The message was at once referred to a special committee of the Legislature, and steps were taken for the prompt enactment of such legislation as the situation demanded. One of the first and most important measures passed in the special session was entitled "An Act to Provide for the Maintenance of the Uni(m and Constitution.'' This by its first section ratified and c(mfirined the action already taken by the governor and his council, the contracts, agreements and expenditures made. It then con- ferred upon him the authority, " with the advice of the council," " to take such measures as may be deemed best to provide for the arming, equipping and disciplining, and for the transportation and subsistence of sj much of the military force of the Commonwealth LEG IS L A TI VE EN A CTMEN TS. 13 as may be in his judtiment needed for defending, sustaininu- and maintaining in its full integrity the authority of the government of the United States and the constitution and laws thereof ; " to ap- point and commission officers and agents and fix their pay and rank ; to settle all questions arising between the United States and the Commonwealth ; to pay any troops of the state called into ser- vice and arrange with the general government for the reimburse- ment of the outlay. The same act also provided for the establish- ment of a fund from which these payments were to be made, called the Union Fund, not to exceed three million dollars and to be raised by the issue of scrip bearing interest at six per cent and payable in from ten to thirty years. A further issue of scrip at the option of the governoi' was authorized by a supplemental act, not to exceed seven millions of dollars, the rate of interest not to exceed six per cent, and other de- tails of the issue and sale to be largely optional -with the governor, the proceeds to be " loaned to the government of the United States, or expended in purchasing from the government of the United States its treasury notes, or other evidences of indebtedness," or it might be exchanged with the secretary of the national treasury for obligations of the United States government of like amount. This extraordinary power was conferred owing to a feeling, as set forth in the preamble to the act, that " some emergency may arise during the recess of the Legislature, in which the aid of Massachu- setts may be of service to the general government in its financial arrangements." Another act provided for the creation of a sinking fund from the receipts of the scrip above referred to, reinforced by direct taxa- tion which future Legislatures were authorized to levy, to provide for the payment of the indebtedness thus created. Banks were also authorized to invest in government securities, and both these and direct loans to the Commonwealth or the United States were exempted from the provision of the General Statutes which forbade the indebtedness due any bank exceeding twice the amount of its capital stock. All of these acts were a))proved on the 21st of May. The day following authority was given for the payment of the soldiers of the state called into service from the time of their re- porting for duty till mustered into the United States service, at the rate allowed by the general government. Provision was also made. 14 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. by an act approved the 23d, for the establishment of a camp of in- struction, with accommodations for five regiments of infantry and a battery of artillery, to which the governor might at his discretion order for instruction and discipline such bodies of troops as had been or might be authorized in anticipation of calls from the Presi- dent of the United States. Some general regulations were added, and provision was made for the appointment of the officers neces- sary for such a camp or garrison ; but that part of the act did not be- come operative, from the fact that the different commands as fast as organized and equipped left the state in response to the repeated calls from Washington. The same act also authorized the appoint- ment by the governor of a quartermaster general, commissary gen- eral and surgeon general, such oflficers being required by the vast increase of duties in the several departments of which they would have charge. The governor was further given power to appoint such officers and agents as seemed necessary. Under these provis- ions, Dr. William J. Dale of Boston was appointed surgeon general and General Ebenezer W. Stone master of ordnance, both with the rank of colonel, and Albert G. Browne, Jr., of Salem military sec- retary to the governor with the rank of lieutenant colonel, which posi- tion he held during Mr. Andrew's entire term of office. Julius H. Reed had already been appointed quartermaster general with the rank of brigadier general, this important appointment being thus specilically confirmed. r- One other act remains to be noticed, — an act not less important than any of the others to the people of the Commonwealth and illustrating markedly the disposition everywhere manifested to so far as possible rob war of its horrors. This was the act " in aid of the families of volunteers, and for other purposes," the provisions of which were that any town or city might raise money by taxation and through the constituted authorities apply the same for the aid of the wife and children under 16 years of age of any volunteer in the national service, or of parent, brother, sister or child dependent upon such volunteer for support, the same to be reimbursed by the state at the rate of one dollar per week for each dependent on proper certification, n(it to exceed twelve dollars per month on account of any single volunteer. Permission was also given by the same act to raise money in towns or cities to defray expenses already incur- red or contracts entered into in the raising of volunteers, but requir- OUGHT THE BLACK MAN TO ENLIST? 15 ing the termination of all contracts within three months, and forbidding the entering into special contracts with volunteers on the part of municipalities and towns. Such communities as might be liable to attack from the sea were authorized to organize an armed police to guard against such danger and to provide for the expense by taxation, such police to have authority to act in any part of the county where organized. This act was also approved on the 23d, and that afternoon the Legislature was prorogued. During the session of little more than a week that body had grasped the duty presented to it and made such provision as the existing necessities demanded, as well as provided for any contingencies likely to arise. In these important measures there had been a remarkable and most gratifying unanimity of pur- pose to uphold the honor of the state and the integrity of the nation. Political considerations and party spirit had almost no place, for the legislators realized that the people were behind them in hearty support of whatever should be deemed necessary ; that they de- manded that such measures as were called for should be given to the world with an earnestness of purpose which could not be mis- understood. On one measure only was there difference of opinion and failure to act. Propositions were submitted, early in the session, in both houses to strike from the militia laws of the state the word " white," so that organizations of colored volunteers might be formed. These, however, were laid upon the table from time to time and failed to become law, the question of taking the matter from the table being imder consideration in the House at the time of the prorogation. Strong arguments were adduced in favor of the proposition, and against it; the former being based on the principle of justice to the colored man, the latter considering the question of expediency under the circumstances. The latter prevailed. It was felt that in the critical state of affairs in the "border states," which it was all-important to hold for the Union, even so slight a cause as the proposed measure might operate to cast their lot with the seceded states and thus further complicate national affairs. Hon. Alexander Bullock of Worcester, a member of the House, was of those who opposed the measure on these grounds. He was willing and hoped to see the colored man freed from all his disabili- ties before the law, but that was not the time for the action. The 16 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. North and West and the border states were united in supporting the national government, and a firebrand cast at tliat time might precipitate a catastrophe which would be appalling. The Union should be the first consideration, and every measure which would endanger it should be frowned upon. On that consideration he was willing to vote against the measure, believing that he was doing the greater service to his beloved and imperiled country. This was doubtless the first consideration of the question of employing colored soldiers, and quite likely had the session continued for another day the result might have been different, as the resolve had passed the Senate and was advocated by a majority in the House. There can bo little doubt, however, that the disposition made of the matter was for that time the wisest. Undoubtedly much of the earnestness and unanimity of the Legis- lature resulted from the unmistakable voice of the people, for be- fore the meeting of the law-makers the utterances of the public had been given with no uncertain sound. On the evening of April 15, almost before the reverberations of the guns at Sumter had ceased, the Jackson club, a prominent democratic organization in Boston, held a meeting and discussed the situation. Their voice was given for an earnest support of the President and his adminis- tration by all constitutional means. Their political affiliation had been with the menwhu now assailed the Union, and it was not easy to break those life-long tics ; but when the choice narrowed to union or disunion patriotism triumphed. They no longer met as a political party, but as loyal citizens, recognizing the fact that civil war had been forced upon the general government, despite all reasonable efforts to avoid it, and they saw the path of duty plainly. In a similar vein, on the following evening, a large meeting of the leading Irish citizens of Boston and vicinity declared them- selves for the hearty support of the national government and the Commonwealth. Their ancestors had fought in the armies of the colonies to secure the freedom of the Ainerican people, and in the bosom of the l)cneficent government thus established millions of the oi)itressed of Ireland had found a refuge from the evils of their native land. Though almost exclusively democrats, they could not countenance any attempt at the disruption of the republic, and were ready to offer even life itself for its perpetuity. A few days later the New England Association of the Soldiers of 1812 met at the TUE LOYALTY OF THE PEOPLE. 17 home of their president, Colonel Thomas Aspinwall, and as may well be supposed did not separate until they had [ironounccd in un- mistakable phrases for the cause of the nation in whose behalf almost half a century before they had borne arms. They had lonir since ])asscd the age when it was possible for them to take the field, though they might still do something for instruction and discipline; l)ut they called earnestly ujion the youth of the land, without refer- ence to party, to " give a lirm suj)port to the government, the con- stitution, the Union and the enforcement of the laws." The public mind seemed to have little interest save in the various bearings of the one important topic. On the 24th of April ex- Governor Banks was to have lectured before the Mercantile Library Association ; but in a letter to the committee he declined to fulfill the engagement, declaring that the preservation of the government of his country should be the only subject in the mind of any citizen of the United States at that time. The aldermen of the city of Boston also unanimously adopted resolutions pledging to its fullest the moral and material support of the city to the President. The people were called on to bury all party differences and ally them- selves in vindication of the violated laws. While declaring that the rebellious states stood defenseless as assailants of the common polity of nations, they assured the loyal in the revolted states that they would be faithful to all the compacts and compromises of the constitution, and urged upon the President the pursuance of such a constitutional policy as would conciliate and harmonize. These and multitudes of kindred expressions of patriotism were nobly supported by the financial power of the state. On the 18th of A})ril, when it became evident that the demands upon the state treasury were to be much greater than had been provided for, the l)anks of Boston offered to the governor ten per cent of their capital stock of rf3G,000,000 as a voluntary loan, to be furnished as re- quired, relying for its repayment upon the good faith of the Legis- lature when it should again meet. Nor was this or any other patriotic action confined to the city of Boston. Throughout the state the banks and moneyed institutions joined in pledging gener- ous sums as loans to the Commonwealth, as well as in moral and material support of every nature. The Boston Board of Trade, meeting on the same day, after the usual expression of devotion to the cause of the nation, called upon the President to take the most 18 • MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. vigorous measures to restore authority, and especially to protect the commerce of the nation from the piratical cruisers recently author- ized by the president of the Confederacy. The anxiety in the latter respect may have had a tinge of selfish interest, since the coast of Massachusetts, including Boston Har- bor, ^as absolutely defenseless. In the harbor, in fact, there were three forts, but they were without garrisons or any adequate arma- ment. Fort Winthro]) had not a single gun ; Fort Warren had but one ; and while Fort ]ndc])endence had some 20, most of them were trained upon the city and not one on all the coast was properly placed for defense. The interior of the forts was filled with wooden buildings and rubbish, the condition of all being a menace rather than a protection to the city, while the casemates were unfit for human occupation. The governor had already urgently represented this state of affairs to the authorities at Washington, but without result, though finally permission was obtained to garrison Fort In- dependence, and the New England Guards, or Fourth Battalion, were given the i)rivilcge which they had solicited of forming the garrison, the order l^eing issued to them on the 24tli of April. Large sums had already been subscribed by the business men of the citv to meet the expense of such coast defense as it was possible to make. On the 1st of May ^lajor General Andrews of the First Division, Massachusetts Militia, was assigned to the command of Forts Warren and Indejiendence, and directed to prepare them for the reception of some of the regiments then in process of forma- tion for three years' service. Some excitement was occasioned on the 24th of April by the arrival in the harbor of the United States steam frigate Niagara and the rumor that her officers and crew were in sympathy with secession and would turn the vessel over to the rebels. Under the circumstances, Governor Andrew directed the oath of allegiance to the United States to l)c administered anew to all on board, which 12 of the officers, wliosc homes were in southern states, refused to take. One of them, Lieutenant lirown, was by direction of the governor arrested for uttering treasonable sentiments, but later was discharged and allowed to drpart with his disloyal associates. On the same day orders were received at the Charlestown Navy Yard to put every vessel available for service in readiness for sea, and in consequence work was at once pushed on the eight vessels which CARING FOR THE VOLUNTEERS. 19 were there awaiting repairs, requiring the employment of a large additional force of men in the yard. These and other events occurring in such rapid succession Ijrought the i)u1)lic pulse to fever heat. Before the last of the troo])S from the state had heen sent forward, and while the 19th of April was being observed by celebrations of the first event in the war of the Revolution, intelligence came l)ack that the day had been consecrated afresh liy the martyrdom of Massachusetts men in the streets of Baltimore while on their way to protect the capital of their country, and the realization that war had opened in fact came home to the peoi)le. Three days later a large meeting of the women of Charles- toAvn was held, presided over Ijy the wife of Mayor Hutchins, at which was organized " The Soldiers' Relief Society," the first of the myriad list which throughout the state and the country did so much to mitigate the hardships of war. The object of this organi- zation was declared to be to " hold communication with the families of the soldiers, and tender them sympathy, counsel and aid." At the meeting it was stated that the city government had ap})ropriated 810,000 for the relief of families of volunteers, that private dona- tions for the same purpose had been made, and that ten physicians of the city had tendered their ])rofessional services for the same object free of charge. Like action was taken by the Massachusetts Homeopathic Medical Society on the evening of the same day, and subsequently by many other physicians and societies. As the necessity for women's aid in the military hospitals be- came apparent, the medical commission issued a call for volunteer nurses, to be instructed if not already qualihed, and at the same time announced that the services of Miss Dorothea L. Dix had been accepted by the secretary of war for the organizing of hospitals and instruction of nurses. To this call, as to all others on the patriot- ism of the state, the response was ami)le, and the re(juired number were soon in training or on duty. With the outbreak of the war, Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis, a woman of most generous impulses, conceived the idea of a donation com- mittee, whose purpose it should l)e to receive and distribute the thousands of articles designed for the comfort and convenience of the soldiers, and for this purpose she at first opened her own house. Soon afterward the proprietor of the Evans House on Tremont street offered free head-quarters at his hotel, and there, under the 20 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE n^AR. able superintendence of Mrs. Gray, the business of receiving the supplies and distributing them to the volunteers grew to immense proportions. Another organization with head-quarters at Boston but emljracing the entire state in its scope was originated by the business men of that city and other parts of the Commonwealth, known as the " Soldiers' Fund Society," the object of which was to secure a fund to be held for the future needs of soldiers and their families, in case the war should be so prolonged as to make this care a tax upon the generous charity at that time so freely poured forth. "The Ladies' Industrial Aid Association" may also be mentioned among the benelicent institutions of the time, its object being to assist those women who performed the sewing and like manual work for the contractors under the urgent calls for military cloth- ing and supplies. This association, of which Mrs. Charles Russell Lowell was president, received the articles from the contractors, superintended their distril)ution among the needlewomen, and by means of contributions from benevolent persons were able to pay the laborers about twice the amount allowed by the contractors, thus materially helping many poor and needy families. Later an auxiliary branch of the United States Sanitary Com- mission was organized, rendering efficient aid in the great work of that noble institution. While these greater and central measures were being put into o])eration in and about Boston, other portions of the state were equally jiatriotic and doing equally efficient work in similar lines. Without regard to age, sex or social condition, all were ready and anxious to do whatever might be done for their country and its defenders. Even convicts in the state-prison labored day and night without com])laint in the preparation of the supplies reipiired for the out-going volunteers. Thus while the dreadful enginery of war was being prepared and its " sinews " furnished in the most unstinted measure, the messen- gers of gentleness and mercy were equally busy in putting into operation agencies of humanity, that so far as possible the horrors might be soothed and the hardships averted. I CHAPTER III. The State and the United States — Buying Muskets In England — Garrisoning the HAinsoi; Forts — The Three-Years' Troops — Record FOR the Year ISGl — Maryland's Reparation. AFTER the (l('i)artui\' of the three-months' regiments, official communication between the authorities of Massachusetts and those of the United States became so dilatory and unsatisfactory that Governor Andrew appointed a commission of four distinguished citizens to proceed to Washington and directly represent the state. This commission consisted of ex-Governor George S. Boutwell, Attorney General Foster, Judge E. Rockwood Hoar and William L. Burt. In addition to their general representa- tive cajjacity, these persons were to give special attention to the condition of the forts in Boston Harl)or, making arrangements for their armament and garrisoning; they were also to investigate gen- erally the needs of the ]\Iassacliusetts troops in the service, and to urge the acceptance of more regiments and for longer terms of ser- vice. Mr. Boutwell left Boston, April 23, and on reaching the head-quarters of General Wool, commanding the Department of the East, at New York, held an important interview with that ofh- cer, the result being a dispatch back to Governor Andrew to send immediately a cargo of provisions by steamer to General Butler's command at Annapolis ; and instructions were more formally sent that the governor should take the responsibility of garrisoning the forts in Boston Harljor and fitting out three armed steamers as a r coast guard and for other duty which might be required. Perinis- « sion was also granted for the state to draw 4,000 Windsor rides ^^"with sword l)ayonets from the government arsenal at Watertown. While Mr. Burt returned to ]\rassachusetts with the official communi- cations relating to these matters, his associates proceeded to Wash- ington, where l)ut little was accomplished in the way of definite 22 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. results. A Massachusetts agency was, however, established there, for the supervision of all matters pertaining to the receipt and dis- tribution of supplies sent forward by the Commonwealth, and other business transactions between the two governments. The agent in charge was at first Charles Russell Lowell, Jr. ; but he being soon commissioned in the regular cavalry, the place was taken by •Colonel Charles H. Dalton of Boston, who was commissioned assistant quartermaster general. / The sending forward of provisions by armed steamer, as well as the necessity for such vessels for the proposed coast guard, called for prompt action, and Governor Andrew turned to John M. Forbes, an inlluential citizen of Boston, for assistance in the matter. Mr. Forbes had already rendered valuable service, and it had been largely through his representations that the two regiments then safely landed at Fortress Monroe had been sent by steamer direct from Boston instead of going by rail to Annapolis, as had been contemplated in the order calling for them. Mr. Forbes, knowing well what vessels were available for the contemplated service, soon bargained for and secured two which met the requirements, — the Cambridge and the Pembroke. Half of the cost of these vessels was paid by the State and half ])y the Board of Underwriters. The Cambridge was at once fitted out and sailed in a few days, loaded with 30 days' rations for 4,000 men. purchased for the state l)y Mr. Forl^es. After some delay and negotiation the vessel was sold to the navy department. In the mean time, while the people of the loyal states were springing to the defense of the imperiled government, there were next to no effective weapons with which to arm them. The only way out of the dilemma had early been sensed by Governor Andrew, and on the 25th of April Mr. F. B. Crowninshield sailed from New York for England with a letter of credit of 50,000 pounds sterling, to purchase arms for Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Maine, receiving also a commission and funds from Connecticut, and later being authorized to act for other states. He was accompanied by an expert armorer, Charles ^IcFarland, detailed by the command- ant of the national armory at Springfield for the purpose of in- specting the arms ])rop()sed to l)e ]»urchased. Mr. Crowninshield reached London on the Gtli of May, and found the few rifles for sale in England in great demand. The vessel by which he had crossed PURCHASE OF ENFIELD RIFLES. 23 the ocean, the Persia, had taken over many orders as well as an agent for the state of NeAV York, while rei)rescntatives of the seces- sionists were also in quest of wea})ons. At Birniinuhani one lot of 25,000 Enfield rifles, the former price of which had been 60 shillinus each, was sought by a southern agent at 100 shillings each; but Mr. Crowninshield was given the preference at that price and bought 2,000, obtaining other lots for immediate delivery to a total of 5,000 ; in addition to Avhich he placed contracts in behalf of his own state for upward of 14,000 rifles and 10,000 sets of equii> ments. These were valuable weapons, and did good service in the hands of Massachusetts patriots, though not considered by the soldiers as desirable as the then latest pattern of the Springfield rifled nnisket. Valuable service ^vas also given in the matter of ])rocuring arms by Lucius B, Marsh of Boston, afterward colonel of the Forty-seventh Regiment, who received the thanks of the Executive Council for his efforts. About the same time, Dr. Samuel G. Howe, an eminent Boston physician, was sent by the governor to inspect the troops of Gen- eral Butler's brigade, and investigate complaints of suffering Ijy the Fifth Regiment; which latter was on investigation found to.be due to the loss of rations, blankets, etc., intended for the regiment, which had been mixed with United States supplies at Annapolis and distributed to other commands. The attack on the Sixth Regi- ment also brought into immediate consideration the matter of pro- viding hospital accommodations for those soldiers who should be brought back sick or wounded and through the application of Dr. William J. Dale the doors of the Massachusetts General Hosi)ital were freely opened to all such, provision also being made for the erection of temporary buildings in connection with the main hosjii- tal if needed. Being unable to make any arrangement with the general gov- ernment for the protection of Boston Harljor, Governor Andrew, even before receiving the sanction of General Wool, took the responsibility of prompt action in garrisoning the two larger forts with detachments of the state militia. The Fourth Battalion of Infantry under Major T. G. Stevenson was placed in Fort Inde- pendence April 24, where it remained till the 21st of May when it was relieved by the Fourth Battalion of Rifles, Major Samuel H. Leonard commandino; — the latter battalion being soon recruited 24 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. and orsi-anized as the Thirteenth Regiment of three-years' volun- teers. In like manner, on the 29th of April, Fort Warren was occupied by the .^econd Battalion of Infantry, :Major Ralph W, Newton, which remained till the 1st of June, when it gave place to the Eleventh Regiment, then in process of formation. The two forts were in command of Major General Samuel Andrews of the Massachusetts Militia during the month of May, when he was re- lieved. Brigadier General Ebenezer W. Pierce was assigned to the command of Fort Warren on the 13th of May, l)ut on the 27th, having been appointed to succeed to the l)rigade command of Gen- eral Butler, promoted to major general, he left for Fortress Monroe, turning over the command of the Fort to Brigadier General Joseph Andrews. A camp was also formed on Long Island, Boston Har- bor, and placed in charge of Brigadier General William W. Bullock, where various companies of Irish volunteers were gathered, the in- tention Ijcing to form two distinctively Irish regiments. The camp was broken up, however, when the Ninth Regiment was ordered to the front, June 12, and was not again occupied for some time. The departure of the militia regiments for three months' service had been but the signal for a general and spontaneous si^ringing to arms. In every considerable town recruiting ottices were opened and enlistments began, the adjutant general having on the 20th of April been directed by the governor to authorize the formation of com])anics by all applicants for the privilege who were deemed qualilied, while in some cases full regiments had been recruited almost at once. Such was the case with the so-called " Webster Regiment," afterward the Twelfth, of which Fletcher Wabster,son of Daniel Webster, was the leading spirit, being made its colonel. Mr. Wel)ster addressed a mass-meeting in State Street, Boston, on Sunday, the 21st of April, when he declared himself ready to de- fend the Union and the Constitution in the Held as his father had done in the forum, and called for volunteers. Within two days the proposed regiment was more than filled. Before it could be organ- ized, however, the national government had declared that no more troops would be taken for three months, when the members of the command almost unanimously changed the term of their enlistment to three years. Six days after tlic meeting at which ^Ir. Wel)ster so nobly ))ut himself on record, a notable speech was made on Chester S(piare THE FIRST THREE-YEAliS' CALL. 25 by Hon. Edward Everett, candidate of the Bell-Everett faction of the di'niocratic ])arty for vice-]jresident the ])revions autumn. The s])irit of his intensely ])atriotic address was contained in the words: ''AH former differences of opinion are swei)t away. We foru'et that we ever have been partisans. We remember only that we are Americans, and that our country is in })eril." He was followed by Benjamin F. Hallett, for nearly a generation a leader in the demo- cratic party, who echoed the spirit of Mr. Everett's words. On the same afternoon these speakers, with others, also made addresses at Caml)ridge. These were but individual instances which in spirit and purpose Avere duplicated in all sections of the state. During the two weeks which followed the departure of the regi- ments iirst called for, the governor had not ceased, directly and in- directly, to press upon the President, the secretary of war and other officials the wish of Massachusetts to send forward other troops, men who, in the governor's words, in addition to fighting could '■ do any other things for which there may be occasion, from dig- ging clams to making piano-fortes." At last President Lincoln, on the 3d of May, issued his first call for volunteers to serve for three years. The call was for 39 regiments, but it was not imtil the 22d of the month, 19 days afterward, that the proportion to be furnished by Massachusetts was designated l)y the secretary of war. .^i.\ regiments would be allowed the state, and in his communication under date of the loth Secretary of War Cameron said : — I have the honor to forward you inclosed herewith the i)lau of organization of the volunteers for three years,, or during the war. Six regiments are assigned to your state ; making, in addition to the tico regiments of three-months' militia already culled for, eight regi- ments. It is important to reduce rather than to enlarge this number, and in no event to exceed it. Let me earnestly recommend to you, therefore to call for no moj'e than eight regiments, of which six only are to serve for three years, or during the war, and, if more are already called for, to reduce the number by discharge. In making up the (juota of three-years' men, you will please act in concert with the mustering officers sent to your state, who will represent this depart- ment. Inadequately as this tardy official action met the earnest desires of Massachusetts patriotism, it seemed all that could be hoped for at that time from the Washington authorities, and an order was at once issued by Governor Andrew designating the regiments which would be furnished in response to the call. They were: 26 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. The First, Colonel Robert Cowdin, to rendezvous at Camp Cameron, North Cambrido-e; Second, Colonel George H. C4ordon, Camp An- drew, West Roxburv ; Seventh, Colonel Darius N. Couch, Camp Old Colony, Taunton ; Ninth, Colonel Thomas Cass, on Long Island; Tenth, Colonel Henry S. Briggs, on Hampden Park, Springfield; Eleventh, Colonel (Jeorge Clark, Jr., at Fort Warren. The organi- zation of these regiments differed materially from the standard of the Massacluisetts militia, being made to conform with that of the United States Army. The regiment was to consist of ten com- panies, each of which was to have a captain, two lieutenants, and a maximum of 98 enlisted men. The regimental field officers con- sisted of a colonel, lieutenant colonel and major, the staff com- prising adjutant, quartermaster, chaplain, surgeon, assistant sur- geon, sergeant major, quartermaster sergeant, commissary sergeant, hospital steward, and two principal musicians. A band of 24 pieces was also allowed each regiment. This organization was practically unchanged during the war, except that about a year later the regi- mental bands were discarded, those in service being mustered out, and'an additional assistant surgeon was added. Naturally there were cases of friction and dissatisfaction with the methods of the state government, though they were neither numerous nor serious. Perhaps the most important of these was in connection with the organization of the Ninth Regiment. At the time the three-months' troo])S were called for, two offers Avere made to raise Irish regiments, one of which was by Colonel Thomas Cass, a capable militia officer. Both regiments were authorized and would have been quickly filled for the short term of service ; but when it was announced that no more would be accepted for three months the matter of enlistment became a more serious one, and the two skeleton organizations, then known as the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Regiments, went into camp on Long Island to fill their ranks. This had not been completed when the call for six regi- ments for three years came, and Governor Andi'ew decided that one of these sliould be composed of Irishmen. Colonel Cass's com- mand was selected, as it was within 200 of being filled ; it was designated as the Ninth Regiment, and instructions were issued to draw from the GOO men enlisted for the Fourteenth sufficient to fill the Ninth, that it might be mustered into the United States service. This order was strongly resented by those aspiring to be officers of SIX EEGIMEyTS TO ^IIE FRONT. 27 the Fourteenth, and though sufficient men were finally obtained by the adjutant general to lill Colonel Cass's regiment, so much ill- feeling resulted that it became necessary to disband the remaining organization, many of the men having left the island and returned to their homes, or going to other states to enlist, not being legally held to the service either of the state or nation. The six regiments accepted were mustered in by the United States officers as follows : The Second on the 25th of May ; Ninth, June 11; Eleventh, June 13; First and Seventh, June 15 ; Tenth, June 21. The First left for Washington on the day of its muster, and was the first three-years' regiment to report at the national capital; the Eleventh followed on the 24th and the Ninth on the 26th of the same niDuth. The other three regiments went forward during July, the Second on the 8th, the Seventh on the loth, and the Tenth on the 25th. . The rules which u-overned the numbering of the volunteer rciri- ments were that the numbers should be independent of those of the state militia, except such of the latter as had been called into the national defense, and that there should be no duplicates in the same arm of service ; consequently the First, Second and Seventh Regiments of three-years' troops took the vacant numbers among the three-months' militia regiments, while the latter, nominally the same organizations though really much changed, once or twice afterward went into service with their former designations. Brief as had actually been the time since the outbreak of hostili- ties, though seeming long from the multitude of important events crowded into it, many other regiments were in an advanced state of organization, while all parts of the state were filled with unas- signed companies and parts of companies ready and anxious to be fitted for the field and sent forward Governor Andrew, therefore, did not cease, chilling as was the tone of the secretary of war, to urge that more soldiers might be called from the state. In the prosecution of this purpose he enlisted the sympathies of General Hiram Walbridge of New York, who earnestly desired a vigorous prosecution of the war, and through his intercession with President Lincoln ten more regiments were called for from Massachusetts, the decision being reached at Washington on the 17th of June. This important news was received a few days after the departure of the First Regiment, and the necessary steps for filling and forward- inii" the new lew were vigorouslv taken. 28 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Colonel Webster's Twelfth Regiment, which for two months had been im])atiently waitintr for the summons to duty, was mustered on the 26th of June and on the 23d of July left for the front. The other regiments under the call were those in numerical order up to and includipg the Twenty-first, their commanding officers and places of rendezvous being as follows : Thirteenth, Colonel Samuel H. Leon- ard, Fort Independence ; Fourteenth (afterward changed to First Heavy Artillery), Colonel William B. Green, Fort Warren ; Fif- teenth, Colonel Charles Devens, Jr., Camp Scott, Worcester ; Six- teenth, Colonel Powell T. Wynian, Camp Cameron, Cambridge ; Seventeenth, Colonel Thomas J. C. Amory, Camj) Schouler, Lynn- field ; Eighteenth, Colonel James Barnes, Camp Brigham, Read- ville ; Nineteenth, Colonel Edward W. Hincks, Camp Schouler, Lynnfield ; Twentieth, Colonel William Raymond Lee, Camp Mas- sasoit, Readville ; Twenty-first, Colonel Augustus Morse, Camp Lincoln, Worcester. The Thirteenth left the state July 30, and by the 28th of August all the others had gone except the Twentieth, which did not leave until the 4th of September. The policy of the administration had now changed to one of energy in the direction of gathering and organizing troops, and from that time forward Massachusetts had no occasion to find fault that the United States government was not ready to take her regi- ments as fast as they were ready for the iield. Li fact, so great was the anxiety at Washington that some of the regiments referred to were sent on before they were fully organized. Congress had on the 22d and 25th of July authorized the President to accept 500,000 volunteers, to be called forth at his discretion, showing both the ])urpose of the people, as expressed through their representatives, to maintain the national government, and as well their confidence in the man who had been placed at its head. The necessities of the service required occasional changes in the governor's staff, mostly in the nature of additions, in order to meet the ever-growing demands, and among those worthy of note may be mentioned the ap|»ointment of Surgeon General Dale as acting assistant surgeon of the United States Army, that he might represent the general government in the medical department. He served in this capacity until July, 1862, when Surgeon McLaren of the regular army was sent to the state, hi October, Colonel Charles Amory of Boston succeeded (reneral Stone as master of ordnance, serving NEW ENGLAND ROOMS AT NEW YOUK. 29 until January, 1863, when the office was discontinued. In addition to Charles H. Dalton, whose services at Washington have already been referred to, William P. Lee and Waldo Adams of Boston were appointed assistant (piartcrmasters general, — all the above named serving gratuitously in their respective positions. Another important appointment was that of Frank E. Howe, a Massachusetts man doing business in New York, who was commis- sioned assistant quartermaster general with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Mr. Howe had offered the use of rooms in his store on Broadway, with the services of himself and his employes, for the benefit of Massachusetts soldiers passing through the city. The offer was gratefully accepted by Governor Andrew, who made Colonel Howe the agent of the Commonwealth in the metropolis. The services of this eminent ])atriot were also engaged by other New England governors, and his establishment became, famous as the "New England Rooms," — a hos])ital and home for soldiers from all the eastern states. The expenses were met l)y voluntary sub- scriptions of the liberal and patriotic of New York city, and the enterprise developed into one of the notable benefactions of the war. All commissions up to the rank of colonel for officers of Massa- chusetts organizations entering the United States service were issued by the governor, in accordance with the general regulations. To decide properly in all cases it was necessary to appoint an examin- ing board, and the three major generals of the state militia — Sutton, Morse and Andrews — were constituted such a board, being assisted by some of their staff officers. From the 25th of April to the 24th of May, 1861, this board passed upon the qualifications of 641 per- sons who had been chosen as officers under the system of election then in use, of which number 602 were accepted. A medical com- mission was also appointed l)y the governor to {)ass upon the qualifi- cations of those seeking i)laces as surgeons. The following eminent physicians were selected for this purpose: Drs. George Hayward, S. D. Townsend, John Ware, Samuel G. Howe, J. ^lason Warren, S. Cabot, Jr., R. M. Hodges, George H. Lyman and Surgeon General Dale. This board served during the war, acting also as an advisory body with the surgeon general when desired. To vacancies which occurred from time to time Drs. George H. Gaylord, Samuel L. Abbott, John C. Dalton and R. W. Hooper were appointed. Con- scientious effort was mndo l)v the governor to (jbtain the best ]iossi- 30 3IASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. ble officers for all troops leaving the state, and he consequently gave little heed to a circular from the secretary of war received about this time, suggesting that the age limit, except for graduates of West Point or those of established military reputation, should not exceed 22 years for lieutenants, 30 for captains, and 35, 40 and 45 for major, lieutenant colonel and colonel respectively. In the midst of the preparation and excitement attending the departure of the three-years' regiments occurred the anniversary of the battle of Bunker Hill, ever a notable day in the calendar of Boston. On this occasion the celebration was an event of intense interest. The exercises were held at the base of the monument, and Colonel Webster of the Twelfth Regiment was among the speakers, — his address on that occasion being his last public utterance. Governor Andrew also gave an address, and at its close unfurled from the summit of the monument a flag, which from that conspic- uous elevation floated continuously until the close of the war. The departure of the various organizations already designated by no means closed the enlistment books through the state. Thus far only infantry regiments had gone forward, but those were sup- plemented during the autumn by five batteries of light artillery, one of which — the Second — left the state August 8, none of the others going until October. The First Regiment of Cavalry was authorized about the first of September and recruiting for it began, though it was not filled until winter. On the adjournment of Con- gress, Senator Henry Wilson was authorized by the secretary of war, with Governor Andrew's consent, to raise a special command, and being warmly seconded by the governor organized the Twenty- second Regiment at Camp Schouler, Lynnfield, from whence it set out for Washington on the 8th of October. Attached to it were the Third Battery of Light Artillery and the Second Company of Sharpshooters. The latter remained permanently with the regi- ment. The First Com]jany had gone out with the Fifteenth Regi- ment, but was a more independent organization. The "Burnside Expedition" next called for five regiments, which were recruited in different parts of the state. The Twenty-third, Colonel John Kurtz, succeeded the Twenty-second at Camp Schouler, and left the state for the rendezvous at Annapolis, Md., November 11. The Twenty-fourth — New England Guards Regiment — Colonel Thomas G. Stevenson, gathered at Camp Massasoit, Readville, and THE NOBLE RECORD OF A YEAR. 81 started for Annapolis December 9. The Twenty-fifth, Colonel Edward Upton, was formed at Camp Lincoln, Worcester, and was the first of the five to start for Annapolis, leaving Massachusetts October 31. The Twenty-sixth was organized at Camp Chase, Lowell, Colonel Edward F. Jones Ijeing its commander, and the regiment being largely an outgrowth of the ^Sixth Regiment of Baltimore fame. The Twenty-first Rogiment having been attached to General Burnside's command, the Twenty -sixth was assigned to General Butler and on the 21st of November sailed for Ship Island, being the first volunteer regiment to reach the Department of the Gulf. The Twenty-seventh, Colonel Horace C. Lee, organized at Camp Reed, Springfield, left for Annapolis on the 2d of NovemV)er. Notwithstanding the unpleasantness at Long Island, a second L'ish regiment, the Twenty-eighth, was formed during the year, though it did not leave the state until the 11th of January, 1862. It was organized at Camp Cameron, Cambridge, William Monteith of New York was commissioned colonel, and it sailed for Hilton Head, S. C, being the first Massachusetts regiment sent to the Dc})artment of the South. The Twenty-ninth Regiment was made up of seven companies of three-years' volunteers which had Ix^en sent to Fort- ress Monroe to fill the Third and Fourth Regiments. After the re- turn of those regiments the seven companies remained as an in- dependent battalion under command of Captain Joseph H. Barnes until permission was given by the secretary of war to raise the com- mand to the dignity of a regiment by the addition of three com- panies, Brigadier General Ebenezer W. Pierce of the Massachusetts Militia being commissioned its colonel December 13. Besides these comi)lctcd organizations, and some which had been formed to do duty within the state for short periods, including a guard at the state arsenal at Cambridge during the month of May, largely composed of students of Harvard College, a battalion of four companies had been recruited for duty at Fort Warren, forming the nucleus of what was afterward the Thirty-second Regiment. General Butler was organizing two regiments in the state independ- ently of the state authorities, six companies had gone to NeV York to join the " Mozart " Regiment and Excelsior Brigade, and 300 had enlisted in the Union Coast Guard, an organization formed at Fort- ress Monroe- under the auspices of the state of New York, and commanded by Colonel Wardrop, formerly of the Third Massachu- 32 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. setts. The navy had also claimed many of the sons of the Old Bay State, no less than 7,658 having- enlisted at the Charlestown navy- yard. Thus within nine months from the first appeal to her patriot- ism, the Commonwealth had furnished an aggregate of 41,294 defenders of the national government. In the grand work thus summarized, the efforts of the state authorities had been most ably seconded by those of the towns and cities. Everywhere there had been the most earnest emulation, not only to fill the various (juotas of volunteers, but to furnish means and supplies, — to do anything, in short, which should aid in the great work of saving the Union. It is not possible to detail the acts of the several communities ; they are generally recorded in the local annals, to which the student may ever refer. Before the close of the year a most gratifying and unexpected event was the appropriation by the Legislature of Maryland of the sum of $7,000 for the benefit of the families of those Massachusetts soldiers killed in the streets of Baltimore on the 19th of April. This honorable action was fittingly acknowledged by Governor An- drew, who received the money and caused it to be equitably divided among the families of the slain and to those wounded in the riot. The effect of the act was to dispel to some extent the intense bit- terness which the people of the Commonwealth had felt toward the city of Baltimore, though it could not by any means obliterate the memorv cf the unprovoked slaughter. CHAPTER IV. CHARACTEKISTICS OF GOVKBNOK AnDKEW — CaRE FOR SiCK, WoUNDED AND Captured Soldiers — Massachusetts Agencies at Washjngton and Elsewhere — Relations of the State and National Authorities — Cross Purposes of General Butler and the Governor. IX the manifold and often perplexing relations of those trying days, the eharaeter of (rovernor Andrew manifests strongly three ruling characteristics — intense patriotism, a just pride in his state, and an ever-i)resent, symi)athetic humanity. As a loyal citizen of the Union he not only yielded implicit obedience to all demands made upon him as the executive of the Commonwealth, but he seized every opi)ortunity to uphold and strengthen the hands of the President and his subordinates. Thus we find him in as- semblages of the loyal governors, met for counsel as to the duties and the opportunities before them, ever hopeful when others were despondent, urging always the strong, earnest measures which should attest the invincible determination of the national authorities for the maintenance of the Union, the most vigorous prosecution ])0ssible of the war and the speedy re-establishment of the Federal authority. His pride in the work of his own state and in the de- votion of her sons was in keeping with this patriotic sentiment and was its correlative. In every stage of the contest thus far the sons of Massachusetts had borne an honorable and a i)rominent part, and he was earnestly zealous that they shoidd continue to lead. In addition to the negotiations which he was constantly conducting with individuals in every part of the state in regard to the enlist- ment of troops to apply on the various quotas, he did not hesitate to ajjpeal by printed address to the people at large, urging not only enlistments on the })art of those capable of becoming soldiers, l)ut pleading with others to aid, by contributing of their abundance or in whatever way they might be able, the cause of the common country. The governor was es})ecially anxious that everything possible 34 ilASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. should be done to furnish articles for the comfort of the soldiers sent out from the state, whether they might be in the ranks at the front, sick or wounded and in hospital, or prisoners of war. He believed in a thorouiih and relentless })rosecution of the Avar, so long as it might be necessary, while at the same time he was anxious that so far as possible its horrors should be ameliorated. It was in this direction that, through all the years of the contest, his warm concern for the soldiers was manifested. It was not enough that representatives of the Commonwealth and staff officers were sent wherever it was felt that there might be need of investigation or intercession. With all the load of responsibility and the manifold duties resting on him, we find the governor continually giving his own energies to the investigation of complaints and ministering to the needs of the humblest as well as the demands of the more in- fluential. At one time he intercedes for a poor young man, ren- dered insane by the severity of the service, who had killed a comrade and was under sentence of death, obtaining his acquittal and a dis- charge ; and again we find him making sure that the religious con- victions of the soldiers are fully respected. Now he is investigating a rumor that some of the soldiers are imperfectly su]iplied with necessary articles, and finding it true, he hastens to supply their wants, sharply rebuking a responsible officer that the needs of the men had not l)een attended to ; while he investigates other charges and finds them unfounded. He learns that a private soldier is under arrest for a grave military offense for which it is possible that there may be palliating circumstances, and writes to make sure that full justice is secured the unfortunate, while at the next moment he pens a letter to the foreign father of a brave officer who has been wounded in battle, conveying words of appreciation which the grateful sire will never forget ; and then turns to forward a check which some kind citizen has contributed that the suffering soldiers in the field hospitals may be ministered to. While he seeks to learn the burial j)lace of an enlisted man whose friends desire to recover his remains, and directs that the body of a dead officer be embalmed and returned to Massachusetts that it may be buried with the honor l)efitting his rank, he devotes the whole energy of his nature to a successful attempt to procure the release of certain ^lassachusetts men wIkj had been enlisted by emissaries from a neighboring state under false ]>retenses. THE EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS. 35 From the first, Governor Andrew was extremely anxious that the United States authorities should effect arrangements for the prompt exchange of prisoners of war, and he urged the matter with all the eloquence at his command. The reports of privations endured by the Union soldiers who had fallen into the hands of the enemy — though insignificant compared with the prison pen horrors later in the war — touched his heart, and he was especially moved when after the battle of Ball's Bluff a number of Massachusetts officers, including Colonel Leo and Major Revere of the Twentieth Regi- ment, Avere confined as hostages in the county jail at Richmond, Va. Writing to the President in December of that year, the gover- nor pleaded strongly for the adoption of immediate measures for the release of these captives from their sad condition. Speaking of these officers he said : — All of them are gentlemen and soldiers who have no superiors in any sphere of human life in all those qualities which ought to com- mand respectful treatment — are imprisoned in felons' cells., fed on felons' fare, in a common jail; huddled together in a space so narrow that there is not air enough for health or comfort ; allowed, for ex- ercise, to promenade half an hour each day on a narrow pathway sur- rounding their prison, and especially exposed to disease by the fact that some of their companions, who are grievously sick, are not re- moved to hospitals. He contrasted this ])ieture with the condition of affairs at Fort Warren, in Boston Harbor, were numerous Confederate prisoners, including Mason and Slidell, were confined, enjoying every privilege consistent with retaining them in custody, and receiving equal con- sideration with the officers of the garrison in all matters pertaining to their personal comfort and welfare. But though the immediate release of the Massachusetts men in the hands of the Confederate authorities could not be effected, steps could be and were taken for the amelioration of their condition. Blankets, clothing and other articles of which they were in need were furnished in abundance and sent forward to Richmond, where Adjutant Peirson of the Twentieth Regiment was allowed by the prison authorities to distribute the articles among the needy Massa- chusetts men. Lieutenant Peirson, in reporting the fact to the home authorities, stated that he had provided for the needs of nearly 400 Massachusetts soldiers at Richmond, in addition to which he had sent a portion to those in Now Orleans and Tuscaloosa. iJG MASSACUU^ETTS IX TttH: WAR. While, notwithstanding the warm-hearted philanthropy displayed everywhere, the preparations for the expected work of mercy were still crude, the sufferers began to surge northward from the fast- multiplying battle-fields. A few wounded men from Ball's Bluff had been brought to their homes in the fall of 1861, though most had fallen into the hands of the enemy. Thus far, however, not enough had come back to re- quire special preparations for their transportation or reception; but at the oj)ening of the Burnside campaign in North Carolina the conditions changed, and from that time there was little cessation to the sorrowful procession. The news of the battle of Roanoke Island reached the state on the 15th of February, 1862, and Governor Andrew at once dis- patched a member of his council, Dr. Alfred Hitchcock of Fitch- burg, to the scene of operations to look after the ]\[assachusetts wounded. Dr. Hitchcock, being an eminent surgeon and possessed of much executive ability, filled the requirements t)f the position admirably. On the 7th of March he set out for the North with 125 wounded and sick aboard a transport, landing at Baltimore on the evening of the 9th. The progress thence was slow and tedious, especially for the imfortunatc soldiers. The transjiortation of such sufferers in considerable numbers was a new experience for all in- 1 crested, and kind as were the hearts of all the loyal peo})le, few hands had been trained to just the work that was needed, so that there Avere some annoying delays and not a little resultant suffering. But all of the 76 Massachusetts men in the party reached their homes or a hospital by the 13th. As a result of these earlier ex- periences, Massachusetts agencies were established at Baltimore and* Philadelphia, so that the sick and wounded of the state were sure of being cared for at all large cities en. route to their homes. The most important of these humane agencies was that at Wash- ington, which during most of the war was under the care of Colonel Gardiner Tufts of Lynn, who was appointed during the summer of 1862. The agency, however, was established directly after the ar- rival of the Sixth Regiment, with its wounded, April 10, 1861, when several natives of Massachusetts resident at the national eajiital formed an organization to care for the needy soldiers from their native state. George W. McClellan, second assistant post- master-general, was the first jiresident of the association. The ESTABLISHMENT OF AGENCIES. 37 supreme court room in the Capitol Avas fitted up as a hospital, and the duties of matron were assumed by Miss Lander of Salem, a sister of General F. W. Lander. As the demands ujwn this agency increased with the opening of hostilities in 1862, the work was systematized and extended under Colonel Tufts until it not only in- cluded an active oversight of the Massachusetts sick and wounded in the 60 hospitals in and al)out Washington, but reached to the battle-fields and the temporary hospitals in their vicinity. This work was most efficiently done, and embraced alike an oversight of the living soldiers, whether well or disabled, and care for the re- mains of the dead. A nol)le Dedham woman, ^Irs. Jennie L. Thomas, aided Colonel Tufts in the discharge of his duties during most of his term. The names of 36,151 sick or wounded soldiers from the state were recorded at the Washington agency, and the expense to the Massachusetts treasury was some 835,000. During the last year of the war a branch was maintained at Annapolis which gave especial attention to the soldiers from Massachusetts who had been or were prisoners of war. The agency at Baltimore was established under direction of Governor Andrew to meet the necessities of the situation, being- placed in charge of William Robinson of that city, who had won favorable notice through his kindness to the wounded of the Sixth Regiment on the 19th of April, 1861. Mr. Robinson died before the close of the war, leaving to other hands the completion of the work. At Philadelphia, Robert C. Carson was placed in charge of the immediate interests of the Massachusetts soldiers passing through the city. These positions were naturally of less import- ance than those at Washington and New York, especially in the case of Philadelphia, whose citizens were so thoughtful and gener- ous to soldiers from all the .states ; but much valuable service was rendered by the agencies in their respective fields. Nor did the prei)arations already referred to for the comfort and assistance of the soldier exhaust the range of beneficent work. While the pay of the volunteer was not large, every inducement was extended for him to save at least a portion of it for the com- fort of those dependent upon him, or for his own use upon his re- turn to civil life. Congress having provided on the 22d of July, 1861, for the application of the allotment system to the volunteer soldiers, three allotment commissioners were appointed liy the Presi- 38 MASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. dent for each state ; those for Massachusetts, nominated by Gover- nor Andrew, were Frank V>. Fay of Chelsea, Henry Edwards of Boston and David Wihler, Jr., of Newton. They were appointed in February, 1862, and at once visited all the Massachusetts' organi- zations then in the field, besides i>resenting the matter to those subsequently formed. So well was the work done that members of 41 regiments or batteries took advantage of the system. By this plan a portion of the soldier's pay was deducted by the United States paymasters and sent directly to the state treasurer, by whom it was distributed to the recipients named in the act of allotment, through the various city and town treasurers, or placed in the state treasury at interest until claimed by the soldier. In this way over $^3,000,000 was sent home by Massachusetts soldiers, independent of the sums sent directly by the soldiers after every visit of the paymaster. Thus a great amount was saved for the comfort of families at home which would otherwise have been squandered, and the tax upon town and state authorities was doubtless measurably lightened. There were naturally and unavoidably many complications, mis- understandings and delays arising from the adjustment of state and national authority in respect to the regiments called into the national service. Under the Massachusetts militia system the offi- cers were elected, and, as the term of the militia regiments in 1861 was short, no question arose as to the method of filling vacancies which might result during their absence. With the volunteer organi- zations for longer terms of service the elective method was dropped and the officers of the regiments and companies were selected and commissioned by the governor. IIow the vacancies which occurred after the commands left the state were to l)e filled was not at first clear; but during August, 1861, it was settled that the adjutant general of the United States should report the vacancy to the gov- ernor, who should issue the commission to such jierson as he might select, and this custom, with modifications in the case of certain troops which will l»e noted in the proper place, continued during the war. Another and financially a more important settlement was arranged a few weeks later, liy Avhicli the national government re- imbursed the state to the amount of -i^775,000 for stores and sup- plies whii'h had already been furnished, and arrangements were madr covci-ing future traiis:ictions of like nature. These nejrotia- ANDREW AND BUTLER DISAGREE. 3'.) tions were conducted at Washington by Quartermaster General Reed and Colonel Browne, Governor Andrew's private secretary. But with the ablest efforts of the state officials, justice could not in all cases be obtained, and one of these failures was in connection with some companies of Massachusetts men who had been enlisted for the "Mozart" Regiment — a New York organization. As these men could not be credited to the quota of Massachusetts, and under the act of the Legislature their families were shut out from the privileges of state aid, the governor made application for their trans- fer to a Bay State regiment, being desirous that they should be united with the seven companies then at Fortress Monroe, which afterward became the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Regiment. This request, however, was not granted, and the companies were never credited to the state, though an amendment by the Legislature at its next session extended the provisions of the State Aid act to the families of the men. The closing months of 1861 and the beginning of 1862 were made unpleasant by a serious misunderstanding and bitter conflict of authority between Governor Andrew and General Butler. In fact, from the very first there seems hardly to have been harmony between the two. Both were strong, self-reliant, determined men ; the governor was, as has been shown, deeply in earnest in carrying out his plans and intolerant of interference with his prerogatives ; the general Avas ecpially determined upon the accomplishment of any purpose to which he was committed, and his methods were any- thing but conciliatory to those from whom he chanced to differ. The first evidence of diversity of views appears soon after the ar- rival of General Butler at Annapolis, when he tendered to Governor Hicks of Maryland the services of the Eighth Massachusetts Regi- ment for the suppression of a negro insurrection should one occur, as was then apprehended. The rumored uprising did not take place, and was not even contemplated ; but on being informed of the action taken by General Butler the governor expressed his disapproval, claiming that the troops should be moved forward to Washington as soon as possible for the protection of the national government. General Butler replied with a strong letter justifying his course ; but by making the correspondence public weakened his otherwise strong position. The estrangement was deepened during his com- mand at Fortress Monroe, when he received further criticism from 40 MASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. the governor, who intimated that the general was not as careful as he should have been of the personal comfort of some of the Massa- chusetts troops under his eonanand. Early in the autumn of 1801 General Butler began preparations for what finally took form as his New Orleans expedition. A jiart of his duty in that connection was the raising of the troops of which it was to be composed, as the national government had none that could be spared. Unfortunately a similar expedition was then being titted out — that of General Sherman with head-quarters at New York, which was destined for the North Carolina coast, and which, Sherman being transferred to another command, was finally organized under the direction of General Burnside, with head-quarters at Annapolis. Three regiments from Massachusetts, enlistment for which was then in })rogress, had been promised to General Shei'man, and strenuous efforts were being made for their completion, when on the 28th of August Captain David K. "NVardwell was granted permission by the secretary of war to raise a regiment of volunteers in Mas?achusetts. Governor Andrew refused to recognize his right to do this, but he was authorized to raise for the Twenty-second Massachusetts Regi- ment, then in process of organization, a company of which he was commissioned captain. Serious trouble had already arisen in other states over the giving of these special permits to recruiting ofticers, and Governor Andrew protested in behalf of his own state. Quar- termaster General Reed and Colonel Browne were then in Washing- ton, and upon presenting the matter to the President and the secre- tary of war received the assurance that no further permits of this nature should be granted, but that the governor should have ex- clusive control of the organizing of troops within the state. All ]iossible efforts were therefore bent to the completion of the regiments for Sherman's expedition, when on the lltli of Se})teni- ber the governor received from Washington official intelligence that General Butler purposed raising six regiments in New England, for which the disi)atcli, signed by the President as well as the secre- tary of war, asked the consent of Governor Andrew. The latter replied at once, asking that the state be called on for such troops as were desired, and offering as soon as the regiments intended for General Sherman were filled to "help General Butler to the utmost." Without replying definitely to this communication, Secretary Came- ron on the 12th issued an authorization to General Butler "to fit THE DEPARTMENT OF NEW EXGLAM). 41 out and jircpare such troops in New England as ho may judge fit for the purpose " of his expedition. Four days after this paper was issued came a Special Order from the adjutant general at Washing- ton which directed -all persons having received authority from the War Department to raise volunteer regiments .... in the loyal states .... placed under the orders of the governors of those states." This was what Governor Andrew desired, and he immediately issued a Sjx'cial Order, designating the organizations then in process of formation, and directing that till they were filled no new regiments or comjjanies should be formed without permis- sion from the state head-quarters. General Butler was not inclined to acquiesce gracefully with the wishes of the governor, and on the 1st of October another General Order was issued from the adjutant general's oftice at Washington, creating the New England states a military department, to be commanded by Major General Butler "with head-quarters at Boston while recruiting his division. On estal)lishing head-(piarters General Butler opened correspond- ence with the governor, reijuesting published authority for the en- listment of an infantry regiment and a squadron of cavalry ; but this authority was not given, the governor declining to take any different course in the case of General Butler from that pursued with General Sherman and later with General Burnside. It is un- necessary to follow the controversy and the correspondence in de- tail. The Twenty-sixth and Twenty-eighth Massachusetts Regiments were assigned to General Butler when organized ; in addition to which the general established one camp at Pittsficld and another at Lowell. At the former a regiment was organized, known for a time as the "- Western Bay State Regiment," — afterward the Thirty- first ; while at Lowell the "Eastern Bay State Regiment" — the Thirtieth — was raised, with the Fourth Light Battery and three unattached companies of cavalry. These two regiments and four companies left the state without their officers having been commis- sioned, no adjustment having been reached in the matter. Gover- nor Andrew protested earnestly to the authorities at Washington against the course taken by General Butler, but it was not until Jan\iary, 1862, that the position taken by the governor was recog- nized. A satisfactory settlement was then effected ; the " Depart- ment of New England " was abolished, and commissions for the two reu'iments and the companies were issued by the governor. 42 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. This unfortunate experience seems to have convinced the general government that it could not with safety interfere with the enlist- ment of troops in the loyal states, and nothing further occurred to mar the harmonious relations in this direction which thenceforth existed between the authorities at Boston and those at Washington. In commissioning the officers of the regiments raised by General Butler, Governor Andrew declined to recognize the field officers and some others selected by General Butler, and this refusal un- doubtedly wrought hardship in some cases, where months of faithful service had been given in good faith on the part of those thus dis- appointed. But most of these were provided by General Butler with staff positions or commissions in organizations recruited in the seceded states, and several such rose to high rank and marked distinction before the close of the war. CHAPTER V. The State Election of 1861— Supplementary Legislation— RECKUiTrNO Offices Closed — "The Banks Scare" — The Call for SOO.OoO Three- years' Troops— And for a Like Number for Nine Months — Tue Politi- cal Campaign of 1862. WHILE these important events connected with the prosecu- tion of the war had been in progress, the first state election subsequent to the outbreak of hostilities had "taken place. Two tickets only, the Republican and the Democratic, were in the field. The Democratic convention was first held, meet- ing- at Worcester on the 18th of September, 1861. Moses Bates of Plymouth was its chairman, and on calling the assemblage to order he delivered the customary speech, the tone of which as announc- ing the spirit of his party had been awaited with an interest ap- proaching suspense. The friends of Union and Freedom were not disappointed at his utterance. While differing with the Republicans as to matters of state policy, he declared emphatically for the sup- port of the national government and a vigorous prosecution of the war until peace should be conquered. Other speeches of like tenor followed ; in fact, no dissenting voice was heard in the assembly, and the resolutions, reported by a committee of which A. R. Brown of Lowell was chairman, voiced the same sentiment. Isaac Davis of Worcester was nominated as the candidate for governor, Edwin C. Bailey of Boston for lieutenant governor, Charles Thompson of Charlestown for secretary of state, Mr. Bates for treasurer, and Edward Avery of Braintree for attorney general. The Republican convention also met at Worcester on the 1st of October, Congressman Henry L. Dawes chairman.* Mr. Dawes in his opening address made an eloquent, patriotic and liberal si)eech. While reaffirming the policy of his party in state and national affairs, he recognized appropriately the loyal devotion of the great body of the Democratic party and its leaders in the state. Governor 44 21ASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. Andrew was unanimously renominated by acclamation for a second term ; but the tilling of the minor olHces on the ticket was placed in the hands of a committee with a view to securing a fusion with supporters of fhe general government outside s was sufficient to destroy the most vigorous constitution ; the labor required was severe. While here Lieutenant Colonel Wells was assigned to temporarily command the Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania, and Grover's Brigade was strengthened by the addition, June 12, of the Six- teenth Massachusetts Regiment, Colonel Powell T. Wyman. General Hooker was ordered soon after to feel the enemy in the direction of Richmond, and early on the morning of June 25 he pushed Grover's Brigade forward through the swamp, the First Massachusetts on the lead. The Confederates were soon located by their line of fire — for nothing could be seen through the thicket — when the First made a gallant dash and captured the rifle-pits. The enemy being reinforced regained them soon after, but the Massachusetts boys made a second charge with such valor that they again drove out the southerners and this time the works were held, notwithstanding repeated assaults during the day and evening. The loss of the First was nine killed and 55 wounded. During McClellan's "change of base," which immediately en- sued, the regiment had many a i)ost of honor. On the morning of Ihc 29th it was marched to the front to hold a certain redoubt till THE FIRST REGIMENT. 105 the rest of the division had Avithdrawn to a safe distance, which a fog enabled it to do without oljservation ; but at noon the l)rigade, forming the Union rear guard, was overtaken by the pursuing Con- federates at Savage's Station — McClellan's former head-quarters. During the sharp engagement which resulted in the repulse of the enemy the First supported Battery K of the Fourth United States Artillery. In the battle of Glendale the next day, where a most determined attempt was made to cut the Federal army in two, the First again suffered heavy loss. In making a charge at evening, with the rest of the brigade, it penetrated to a position where it received a fire from three sides, and only escai)ed annihilation by making a rapid retreat. In killed, wounded and missing the loss was 62, among the slain being Major Chandler and Lieutenant Sutherland. The regiment was not actively engaged at the battle of Malvern Hill on the 1st of July, and the following day moved with the army to Harrison's Landing, where more than a month was given to re- cuperation, while the next move in the great game of war was being- decided upon. At this time the regiment bade adieu to its band, the government having decided that one brass-band must furnish the music for each brigade ; but in lieu of the band an additional assistant surgeon was allowed to each regiment, that officer for the First being Dr. T. Fletcher Oakes of South Dartmouth. Lieuten- ant Colonel Wells also left the regiment at this time, to become colonel of the Thirty -fourth. The only military event of importance during the stay at Har- rison's Landing was a reconnaissance by General Hooker's Division on the 4th of August, which encountered the enemy the following morning and took a hundred prisoners — the total loss of the First being one man slightly wounded. On the loth Grover's Brigade covered the retreat of the Army of the Potomac from the Landing, the First embarking at Williamsburg on the 20th and four days later landing at Alexandria, a few miles from which it went into camp, but only for a few hours. That afternoon cars were taken and the regiment rode to Warrenton Junction, which brought it so near to the enemy that the train on its return trip was cai)tured and de- stroyed. One day of comparative rest followed, but before light of the 27th the regiment was called from slumber to share with the rest 106 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. of Hooker's Division in the movement in search of Stonewall Jack- son, who was getting to the rear of General Pope's retiring army. In the defeat of the Confederate force under General Ewell at Bris- toe's Station that afternoon, after a sharp march, Grover's Brigade had not an active part, being in support of the troops actually en- gaged. The First remained near the Station till the middle of the following afternoon, when it marched to the Bull Run battlc-lield and halted for the night, but before daybreak was in motion again. For a time after reaching the field of the Second Bull Run bat- tle, some hours after the opening of the engagement, Grover's Brig- ade supported a battery ; but about the middle of the afternoon, the artillerists having been driven from their pieces by the severity of the enemy's fire, General Grover was ordered to charge the woods in his front. It was a forlorn undertaking, with no supports or artillery assisting, but the gallant brigade forced its way over the natural difficulties and through two opposing lines of battle to a railroad bank, where it received a terrible fire from a third line, when the First and its fellow-regiments, having done all that human valor could do, fell back to the shelter of the Federal artillery. This charge, though hopeless from the start, was one of the finest and bravest of the war. The loss of the First regiment was 20 killed and fatally hurt, 61 wounded and two missing, among the killed being First Lieutenant John M. Mandeville of Chelsea. Following the battle of Chantilly on the 1st of September, Hook- er's Division fell back to the vicinity of Alexandria, where, a short distance from Fort Lyon, the First went into camp September 5. Soon after, a considerable number of recruits joined the regiment, and as many of those wounded in the early part of the campaign returned, the command again presented a battalion line of respecta- l)le numbers. A number of important changes i:i officers occurred while the division rested in tlie Washington defenses. General Hooker, being ajjpointcd to the command of the First Corps, bade adieu to his well-tried division after stipulating that it should have a season of rest in recognition of its heroic services. He was suc- ceeded by General Grover, which again placed Colonel Cowdin tem- porarily in command of the brigade ; but the latter being promoted soon after and assigned to a different command, the brigade was given to General Joseph B. Carr. The regiment was commanded by Lieutenant. Colonel Baldwin, promoted from captain of Company THE FIRST REGIMENT. 107 E, Captain Gardner AValker of Company C being commissioned major. The dash of General ^^tuart's caA'alrv around McClellan's army on the 10th of October created general alarm, and in consequence the FirstRegiment was detailed to garrison the works on Munson's Hill, a strategic point some six miles from Washington. Here it remained for ten days without event of importance, when prepar- ations were made to co-oi)erate in the southward movement of the army under McClellan. On the 31st the division, then commanded by General Sickles, received marching orders and set forth the next morning. After proceeding a short distance the First Regiment was detached for i)rovost duty at Fairfax Court House and Fairfax Station, and at these points, incidentally guarding the railroad for several miles in cither direction, the command remained till the 25th of November, Orders were then received to join the division, which was overtaken in front of Fredericksburg on the 3d of December. In the battle of Fredericksburg the First did not have an im- portant part. They crossed the river about noon of the 13th, and at once proceeded to relieve a part of the picket line below the city connecting the right under General Sumner with the left under General Franklin. This position they retained till the retreat, and Avere among the last to leave the field, the loss of the regiment being 34, of whom three only were killed or fatally hurt. On the following morning Colonel Napoleon B. McLaughlen, promoted from captain in the Regular Army, assumed command of the First, which he held till the close of its service. No sooner was his comnumd settled in camp after the l)attle than the new commander gave it a thorough reorganization, bringing it to a high state of discipline. Early in January the division shifted its cam|)ing ground to a more favorable locality, where substantial winter quarters were constructed, the monotony of inaction being broken only by drill, picket and camp duties. With the rest of the army, the First had its full share in the dismal llounderings of the "Mud ]\rarcli," which began January 20, and a more extended trip up the Rappahannock was made on the 5th of February, the regi- ment going out to guard a ford while a cavalry column ])roceeded to destroy a bridge at Rappahannock Station. The expedition was sueeessful, though made in a dismal storm. The Chanccllorsville campaign began, so far as the First Rcgi- 108 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. ment was concerned, on the afternoon of April 28, when the divis- ion — then commanded by General Berry — broke camp and marched toward the lower crossing of the Rappahannock, where the follow- ing morning some troops of the Sixth Corps crossed and bridges were laid. That being successfully accomplished the Third Corps proceeded up the river to join Hooker's main body at Chancellors- ville,the First Massachusetts being detailed to escort a wagon train and rejoining its brigade, then in reserve, just at the close of the fighting of the 1st of May. The position then assumed was not changed till the breaking of the Eleventh Corps the following afternoon called the division to check the Confederate advance, which it was largely instrumental in doing. As the First were firing down the Plank road at the time Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded upon it that evening, it is probable that he received his wounds from their bullets. The Federal lines, being established and valiantly held at this point through the night, were desperately attacked the following morn- ing. A determined resistance was made till the ammunition of both infantry and artillery gave out, when some of the defenders retired, exposing the rest on the flank so that the entire first line had to be withdrawn. A line some distance to the rear was firmly held, however, though in trying to repair the mischief of the first break General Berry lost his life. Forty-two members of the First Regiment were captured in the retreat to the second position, and the other losses were ten killed, including Captain Rand of Com- pany I, and 46 wounded. Captain Parkinson of Company G was captured, and of his two lieutenants, one was Avounded and the other made prisoner. The regiment returned to its old camp on the 6th of May, but soon moved to a new one on the road to Potomac Creek; notwith- standing which officers and men suffered much from sickness, among those dying from disease being Assistant Surgeon Neil K. Gunn of Boston, June 3, who had only been in the service since March 18. For five weeks following the return to camp the regiment jterformed routine duty and awaited the next summons. During this time the Third Corps was consolidated into two divisions. General Birney continuing to command the First, while General A. A. Humphreys was assigned to the Second, of which Carr's continued to be the First Briqrade. THE FIRST REGIMENT. WJ On the lltli of June the northward movement of the regiment began, that day's march being to Havtwood Church and the next day's to Beverly Ford, which was reached at 10 o'clock in the even- ing. Then for two days no movement was made, the ford being held in force while the strategy of the campaign developed. Within that time it became clear that the enemy's main army was moving- northward, and the ford was turned over to a body of cavalry while the First Regiment marched all night to reach Warrenton Junction. After a brief rest there the journey was continued to Bristoe's Sta- tion and thence to Centerville, where a halt of a day was made — Gum Spring on the Leesburg pike being reached on the 19th. There the regiment rested for six days while the whereabouts and evident intentions of the enemy were further canvassed. The next move, on the 25th of June, was by way of Edwards Ferry to the mouth of the Monocacy, through a very disagreeable storm. The Potomac was crossed at 5 and the command plodded through the cjarkness along the canal tow-path till after midnight before reaching its destination. The regiment had never seen a march so disheartening and demoralizing ; of 360 who accompanied its colors in the morning, only 40 maintained their places in the column till bivouac was reached. For four days succeeding the march was kept up, leading by way of Jefferson, Crampton's Gap and Taney town to Emmittsburg, which was reached at 2 o'clock July 1. There the men pitched their tents, but had barely done so when tidings of the battle at Gettysburg came, with a call for their assistance. Taking a wrong road after dark, the column narrowly escaped marching directly into the Confederate lines ; but by very quietly countermarching when the mistake was discovered and mak- ing a detour the corps reached its assigned position in reserve near Round Top sometime past midnight. In forming the Federal line on the 2d of July, as is well known. General Sickles advanced his command about noon to the higher ground in his front near the Emmittsburg road, the First Massa- chusetts being on the extreme right of the corps. In the early part of the conflict with Longstreet that afternoon this regiment was not involved, but as the left of the corps was broken and driven back the wave of fire in all its fury 'swept upon and over the right. Smitten in front and flank, the gallant brigade was crumbled to the rear in fragments after valiant and prolonged resistance. The total 110 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. loss of the First in this engagement was 123, including 26 killed or mortally wounded, among the former being Lieutenant Henry Hart- ley of Williamsburg, N. Y., and Color Sergeant Kelren of Company E ; 77 were wounded and 20 missing. Lieutenant Colonel Baldwin commanding the regiment was wounded, and the loss of officers Avas severe. Notwithstanding its decimation, a portion of the regi- ment, hastily collected by Captain McDonough, joined in the repulse of the Confederates as dusk settled over the scene. The regiment in its place in the corps moved southward on the 6th in the roundabout pursuit which followed the retreat of the enemy, closing in upon Lee's battalions as they were supposed to be helplessly at bay at Williamsport a week later, only to find when an attack was finally decided upon that they were again safe in Virginia. On the 17th the First with the other troops of the corps crossed the Potomac at Harper's Ferry. Thence moving southward by easy stages the regiment took part in the slight engagement by which the enemy were driven from Manassas Gap, occupying the ground thus gained for a day or two, and then on the 25th and 26th marching to Warrenton, beyond which, on the Culpeper road, the command encamped. The First was one of the regiments detailed for duty at New York on account of the draft riots, taking cars at Warrenton Junction on the 30th of July and reaching their destination on the afternoon of August 2. For two weeks they remained at Fort Columbus on Gov- ernor's Island, doing duty and drilling with the heavy guns, after which they were transferred to Riker's Island, a draft rendezvous, where they remained till October 15, when they were ordered back to Washington and promptly returned to their old place in Carr's Brigade, which they rejoined at Union Mills on the 17th. Two days later the retreat of Lee's army and the advance of Meade's began, the capture of Kelly's Ford on the 7th of November being shared in by the First, but without loss ; after which the army rested in the vicinity of Brandy Station till the opening of the " Mine Run movement." The march began on the morning of the 26th, Carr's Brigade leading the corps, crossing the Rapidan about noon and after the laying of ponton bridges advancing some two miles till the enemy's pickets were reached. Next morning a dif- ferent road was taken, and the enemy were soon after encountered in Locust Grove, when skirmishing ensued for some hours. Just THE FIRST REGIMENT. Ill before dark the Confederates delivered a sharp attack without de- cisive results ; the First, at that time in support of Union batteries, losinii" one killed and eight wounded. ' Then followed the advance to Mine Run, the suspense, the abandonment of the plan to attack and the return to camp, which was reached on the 3d of December. An uneventful winter followed at Brandy Station, l)roken, so far as the First Massachusetts were concerned, only by an expedition on the 6th of February, 18G4, to the Rapidan in conjunction with a crossing lower down by the Second C()i"])S, l)ut none of the Third Corjis crossed, and all Avere back in camp in two or three days. With the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac in the S]tring of 1864 the Third Cor])s was l)roken up, the Third Division — which had joined it after the battle of Gettysburg — going to the Sixth Corps, while the First and Second Divisions became respect- ively the Third and Fourth of the Second Corps. The make-up of the First Brigade was changed, the Eleventh Massachusetts and the Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania going into the Second Brigade, while the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth New Jersey and One Hundred and Fifteenth Pennsylvania were added to the First Brigade, com numdcd by Colonel Robert McAllister of the Eleventh Ncav Jersey. The division was commanded by General Gershom Mott. Marching orders were received on the 3d of INIay, and that night the regiment set forth, crossing the Rapidan at I'^ly's Ford the fol- lowing forenoon and at night occupying ground very near where it fought a year before at the battle of Chancellorsville. At the open- ing of the battle of the Wilderness, on the afternoon of May 5, the First advanced into the terrible tangle at the command ; but the difficulties were so great and the lines became so much disorganized that on receiving a heavy fire from the enemy it fell back to in- trenchments which it had previously partially constructed. As the Confederates advanced in pursuit they were checked in turn and a stubborn conflict raged for hours. That night Lieutenant Colonel Baldwin was made prisoner while establishing a ])icket line. In the general advance of the next morning and the sanguinary fight- ing back and forth which followed the First bore an honorable i)art. At one time the brigade found itself with a hostile line of battle in its rear, and only escaped capture by the density of the forest hiding from the Confederates their advantage. That afternoon the First assisted in repelling the last attempt of the enemy against the 112 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Federal left, which was matlo under cover of a conflagration rag- ing; alonsi: the Union breastworks which had driven the defenders temporarily to the rear to escape the smoke and heat. Quitting the Wilderness at the close of the fighting there and marching with General Hancock's Cor})S to Spottsylvania, the regi- ment took part there in the various engagements of the Second Corjis, including the successful assault at " The Angle " on the morning of May 12 and the obstinate struggle which ensued for the possession of the captured works. Its losses from the opening of the Wilderness campaign to that time had been 49 killed, wounded and missing, — among the dead being Captain Moses H. Warren of Dorchester, killed on the 12th. When on the 20th orders were issued for a further movement of the Army of the Potomac to the southward, the First Regiment, after a transfer of its re-enlisted men and recruits to the Eleventh Massachusetts, bade adieu to war's alarms and took its homeward way, having closed three years of faithful service. Marching to Belle Plain the command took the steamer Utica for Washington, whence the journey to New York was made by rail, steamer to Fall River and cars to Boston completing the total of 3,312 miles traversed by the regiment while in the service. Arriving on the 25th of May, it received a grand " welcome home," and three days later on Boston Common it was mustered out of service. THE SECOND REGIMENT. THE Second Regiment Avas the first volunteer organization in the state to begin to take form after the dispatch of the Massachusetts militia to the front in April, 1861. The master spirit in the enterprise was Major George H. Gordon, an ex- perienced officer who had served with distinction in Mexico, and who was ably assisted by a number of influential men, later identi- fied with the organization. The initial measures were taken on the 18th of April, and in a few days several recruiting offices were opened at different places in Boston, but they were almost im- mediately closed, as there was no authority from Washington to raise such a body of troops as was proposed, and the state officials could give none. To obtain the desired authority, Messrs. George L. Andrews and Thomas Dwight of Boston set out for the national capital. After some difficulty on the way, owing to the obstructed communication with Wasiiington, the commissioners reached the secretary of war and after much persistence secured permission to raise a three-years' regiment, with the understanding that it should be accepted if a call should be made for such troops. The welcome permission was telegraphed home, the recruiting offices were re-opened and others were added in different cities through the state. Major Gordon's head-quarters being at Boston. To his discretion much — practically everything — concerning the composition of the regiment was intrusted, both men and officers being selected by him. The regiment was made up and officered as follows, Boston being the residence unless otherwise specified : — Colonel, George H. Gordon; lieutenant colonel, George L. Andrews; major. Wilder Dwiglit ; ailjutant, Charles Wheaton, Jr.; quarter- master. 11. Morris Copeland of Koxbury; surgeon, Lucius M. Sar- gent, Jr.; assistant surgeon, Lincoln R. Stone of Salem; chaplain, l\':v. Alonzo H. Quint of Jamaica Plain; sergeant major. George W. Blake; quartermaster sergeant, George F. Browning of Salem; com- 114 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. missary sergeant, Erastus B. Carll; hospital steward, Joseph W. Nut- ting; principal musician, Henry Kesselhuth. Company A, Abbott Grays of Lowell — Captain, Edward G. Abbott; first lieutenant, Harrison G. 0. Weymouth; second lieutenant, James Francis. Company B — Captain, Greely S. Curtis; first lieutenant, Charles F. Morse of Roxbury; second lieutenant, James M. Ellis. Comi)any C, Andrew Light Guard of Salem — Captain, William Cogswell; "first lieutenant, Edwin R. Hill; second lieutenant, Robert B. Brown. Company D — Captain, James Savage, Jr. ; first lieutenant, William D. Sedgwick of Lenox; second lieutenant, Henry L. Higginson. Company E — Captain, Samuel M. Quincy; first lieutenant, William B. Williams of West Roxbury; second lieutenant, Ochran H. Howard of Ware. Company F — Captain, J. Parker Whitney; first lieutenant, Charles R. Mudge; second lieutenant, Robert G. Shaw. Company G — Captain, Richard Cary; first lieutenant, Henry S. Russell; second lieutenant, Anson D. Sawyer. Company H — Captain, Francis H. Tucker; first lieutenant, Thomas L. IMotley, Jr., of Roxbury; second lieutenant, Steven G. Perkins of Milton. Company I — Captain, Adin B. Underwood; first lieutenant, Marcus M. Hawes; second lieutenant, Rufus Choate. Company K — Captain, Richard C. Goodwin; first lieutenant, George P. Bangs; second lieutenant, Charles P. Horton. A band of 24 members from different towns and cities was led by Charles Speigle of Boston. The regimental camp, named in honor of the governor, was located at Brook Farm in West Roxbury, on the estate of Rev. James Freeman Clarke. Company A was the first to reach the spot, on the 11th of IMay, and was rapidly followed by other com- panies and detachments, so that on the 18th four companies and parts of others had been mustered into the national service by Captain Amory of the United States Army. The commissions of the officers began to be issued on the 24th. There were the usual flag presentations, the first being on the 26th of June, when J. Lothrop Motley made the presentation in behalf of the ladies of Boston. This was the battle flag, and on the 1st of July a state banner was presented by Hon. George S. Hillard, in behalf of the ladies of Boston. On the 6tli of July an order was received from General Scott, commanding the Union Army, for the Second Regi- ment to rcjjort as soon as possible at Williams])ort, ]\Id., for the reinforcement of General Patterson. On the morning of the 8th THE SECOND REGIMENT. . 115 cars were taken for Boston, thence to Groton, Ct., and by steamer to New York, whence the command rc-cmbarked for Elizabethport, N. J. By raih'oad the journey continued durhig the night across New Jersey and through Pennsylvania, until on the afternoon of the 11th the destination beside the Potomac was reached. Early next morning the river was forded and the regiment marched toMartinsburg, where it joined General Patterson's main body, and was assigned to the Sixth Brigade, Colonel Abercrombie command- ing. On the morning of the loth the army advanced to Bunker Hill, and on the 17th to Charlestown. Next day the Second was ordered back to Harper's Ferry and three days later, Confederate General Johnston having eluded him and gone to Bull Run, Gen- eral Patterson fell back with his whole force. Colonel Gordon was made commander of the post at Harper's Ferry, with his regiment as garrison, and while there the loyal women of the town presented the regiment with a flag, which they had secretly made and kept for such an occasion. About this time Captain Underwood with his company was sent down the river to the mouth of the Monocacy, where he remained on duty for some weeks. General Banks succeeded Patterson in command of the forces about Harper's Ferry on the 25th of July, withdrawing to Pleasant Valley on the Maryland side the few troops that remained after the departure of the three-months' men. Colonel Gordon remained in command of the Ferry, with three companies of the Second, while the other six companies bivouacked in support of the Federal guns on Maryland Hights. Soon afterward General Banks's command was extended down the river, covering the different fords and cross- ings, and on the 20th of August the Second, being relieved, started to rejoin the brigade near HyattstoAvn, which was reached after a three-days' march. The regiment encamped in Hall's field, where it remained for about two months, and soon after Colonel Gordon took temporary command of the brigade, which at that time con- sisted of the Twelfth Massachusetts, Twelfth and Sixteenth Indiana Regiments, in addition to his own. The arrival of fresh troops soon made a reorganization necessary, in which the Second Massa- chusetts went to the Third Brigade, of which Colonel Gordon was for a time commander, the other regiments being the Twenty-eighth and Nineteenth New York, Fifth Connecticut and Forty-sixth Penn- sylvania, the Rhode Island Batterv A being added later. On the 116 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. loth of October General A. S. Williams took command of the bri- o-ade, — an able officer under whom most of the subsequent service of the regiment was had. After several preliminary orders during the day, one came in the early evening of the 21st of October to march immediately, and the Second led the column, which moved rapidly toward Leesburg, meet- ing on the way fugitives from the fatal held of Ball's Bluff, the bat- tle of which had been fought the 21st. Before morning Conrad's Ferry was reached, and the regiment was stationed along the bank of the river, where during the day assistance was given in getting off the Union soldiers who were still clinging to the opposite shore. On the 23d an alarm came up from Edwards Ferry, and during the night the Second marched there and marched back again. Three days later the regiment was transferred to General Abercrombic's Brigade — the First — composed of the Twelfth Massachusetts, Twelfth and Sixteenth Indiana. On the same day — the 26th — the division was ordered back to Darnestown, the Second encamping after two days' march at Seneca Creek, three miles from the town, where they were for some time engaged in picketing the river. The health of the men suffering severely, a change of camp was made shortly after, but gave no exemption from the deadly malaria. Amid many discouragements, the Massachusetts Thanksgiving Day was not allowed to pass without due observance, and owing to the kindness of friends and the care of officers a very creditable feast, Avith proper accompaniment of devotion and recreation, made the day memorable. The brigade was relieved on the 4th of December, and set out for Frederick, where after three days of marching and waiting, camp was pitched in a pleasant wood four miles east of the city be- side the Baltimore pike, where the winter months passed with very little to break the monotony of camp life, though the proximity of Frederick and the friendliness of the people, as well as the ease of communication with home, made the situation agreeable. The bands of the various regiments did much to cheer the dull season, giving frequent concerts at Frederick and playing in camj) ; while among other innovations the Second Regiment boasted a Masonic lodge, of which Colonel Gordon was Master. This life at " Camp Ilicks" came to an end on the morning of February 27, 1862, when the regiment marched to Frederick and THE SECOND REGIMENT. 117 took cars to Sandy Hook, whence it crossed the ponton bridge to Harper's Ferry, being quartered in some of the deserted dwellings. Company F was detailed for ])rovost duty and Lieutenant Colonel Andi'cws was made provost marshal of the place. The following day a reconnaissance was ordered to Charlestown, and the regiment entci'ed that historic town to the music of " John Brown." Gen- eral McClellan at once ordered a permanent occupation of the place, and the following Sunday the Second held religious services in the court-house where John Brown had been condemned to death, the chaplain occupying the seat used by the judge at the trial. The forward movement against " Stonewall" Jackson at Winchester be- gan on the 9th of March, the Second moving by way of Berryville, with the usual contradictory orders, countermarches and skirmishes, only to find that the Confederates had retreated, leaving the tenant- less fortifications, in the vicinity of which the Second remained some ten days. At this time another reorganization of the division took place, the Second Regiment being transferred to the Third Brigade, of which Colonel Gordon took command, the other regiments l)oing the Third Wisconsin, Twenty-seventh Indiana and Twenty-ninth Pennsylva- nia. On the 26th of March General Banks took command of the Fifth Corps, composed of his own division and that of General Shields, and General A. S. Williams succeeded him as division commander. On the 20th the Second with other troops were ordered toward Washington, and two days later marched as far as Snicker's Ferry, where a broken-down ponton bridge prevented their crossing. While waiting for it to be repaired the regiment was ordered back toward Winchester on account of renewed activity on the part of the enemy, reaching that place on the 24th after a sharp march, to find that General Shields's Division had driven off Jackson's threatening forces. The following evening the pursuit was taken up as far as Strasburg, in which vicinity several days were passed preliminary to the sharp onward movement of the 1st of April. On that day the regiment led the column, keeping up a running fight with the retiring enemy till brought to a stand by the destruction of a bridge at Edenburg, where with the river between them the opi)osing forces watched each other two weeks longer, while preparations for a vigorous movement against Jackson were completed. On the 17th 118 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Banks advanced against the enemy at Mount Jackson, Gordon's Brigade being sent to the right to fall upon the Confederate flank. The demonstration caused the retreat of the foe and a pursuit fol- lowed, across the north fork of the Shenandoah and through New- market. From that point, the regiment advanced on the 25th to near Har- risonburg,wliere the enemy were rei)orted, but a reconnaissance of 11 miles two days later revealed none. General Banks being ordered to fall back to Strasburg, the Second marched a short dis- tance on the evening of May 4, and the following day retreated to Newmarket. At midnight they were aroused to climb the Mas- sanutten range on false information, returning to camp after two days passed on the eastern slope, finally reaching Strasburg on the 13tli, where General Banks was directed to remain and fortify, with the two brigades of Colonels Gordon and Donelly. The anticipated attack from " Stonewall " Jackson began to fall on Banks's little force on the 23d of May, when Colonel Kenly with the First Maryland and a few detachments stationed at Front Royal as an outpost was attacked and driven back, Kenly being wounded. This opened the way for the enemy to Winchester, in the rear of Banks, and next morning Strasburg was evacuated and a rapid move- ment down the Valley began, the Union commander hoping to reach Winchester in advance of the Confederates. Consequently most of the troops preceded the trains, which were necessarily long and cumbersome ; but at Newtown the enemy appeared among the wagons, cutting off a considerable number, and Colonel Gordon was sent back with his brigade and some artillery to repair the mischief. Lieuten- ant Colonel Andrews and the Second were ordered to drive the foe from Newtown, which was done, Companies A and C being deployed as skirmishers, and the place was held for some hours. Colonel Andrews then burned such wagons as he could not bring off for want of horses, and at twilight the retreat was continued. Three or four companies of the Second formed the rear guard of Banks's column, and several attacks were made by the enemy in strong force, but all were repelled or checked so as to afford ample protection to the column in front. At Kernstown a halt Avas made and the wounded of the regiment, in charge of Surgeon Leland, were gathered in one of the houses, as ambulances could not be ob- tained to send them forward. Another attack was soon made, and THE SECOND REGIMENT. 119 the regiment after returning the fire fell back to the vicinity of Winchester, which was reached at 2 o'clock. After skirmishing through the rest of the night, line of battle was formed at daylight with Donelly's Brigade on the left of the road south of Winchester and Gordon's on the right, — the Second Regiment on the flank. The skirmishers were soon driven in by the Confederate Stonewall Brigade, and the battle began, Com}mnies I) and (t of the Second being thrown forward to a stone-wall to harass the enemy's gunners, which was very effectively done. After two hours of sharp fight- ing the Union position was flanked and the Second retired through Winchester, llrcd upon from ihe houses as they passed, and out u])on the Martinsburg road, forming the rear of the retreating army. xV march of 32 miles without a halt, threatened often by the pur- suing enemy, brought the column to Martinsburg, where the pursuit ceased ; a few " hard tack " were distributed among the hungry soldiers, then on again 13 miles further to Williamsport, where the Potomac was crossed and Banks's little band was safe. Four com- panies of the Second with an equal detail from the Third Wiscon- sin and a section of artillery guarded the approaches to the river for three days while the crossing was effected and the camps were established on the Maryland side. The regiment had been severely tested ; constantly serving as rear guard, it had marched 56 miles in 33 hours, besides fighting in one " pitched battle " and in frequent skirmishes. Its loss had been seven killed, six mortally and 41 otherwise wounded and 94 taken prisoners, 17 of w4iom were wounded. Among the captured were JVlajor Dwight, who had stopped for a moment in Winchester to assist a Avounded man ; Surgeon Leland, in charge of the wounded at Kernstown ; and Assistant Surgeon Stone, left at the hospital at Winchester — all of whom Avere paroled within a few days. On account of his distinguished services in this retreat, Colonel Gordon was made a brigadier general, the lieutenant colonel and major were each ad- vanced one grade and Captain Savage became major. The com- mand of the brigade was for a time transferred to General George S. Greene, formerly colonel of the Sixtieth New York. The next movement up the Valley began on the 10th of June, when the Potomac was crossed, the Second bivoucking that night at Falling Waters and the next at Bunker Hill ; Williams's Divisi9 others were wounded and 14 ca})turcd. Surgeon Leland was wounded in THE SECOXD UEGIMENT. 121 the head early in the action, and Captain Russell was made prisoner while striving- to care for Major Savage. A Zouave company, for- merly General Banks's body guard, which had recently been at- tached to the i'Cgimcnt,lost li! in killed and missnig. Many of the Avounded of the regiment, as well as of other regiments, were cared for by Chaplain Quint of the Second, whose services at such times were often commended. When the rest of Pope's army advanced, Banks's Cor|is, o\\ ing to its shattered conditicm, was returned to Culpepcr, and there the Second remained for six days, its roster comprising one field, six line and three staff officers. On the 19th, in connection with the retreat northward of Pope's army before the reinforced Jackson, the Second moved by way of Brandy Station across the Rap])ahan- nock,and that evening the depleted ranks received the welcome ad- dition of 90 recruits just from Massachusetts. In a day or two the regiment took up the camjjaign of maneuvers in eai-nest. First down the river for a mile or two, and then up, from one ford or bridge to the next, day after day, now inider tire and then watching the skirmishing of others, till Waterloo Bridge was reached ; thence eastward by Warrenton to Kettle llun on the 28th, and for the two days following forming the extreme right of Pope's command while the second battle of Bull Run was fought and lost — the regiment in hearing of the terrible conflict but called to take no active part. On the 31st, making a detour of 20 miles to accom])lish four — to avoid an imaginary force of the enemy — the Second led its corps, crossing Bull Run, passing one night at Centerville, then on to Fair- fax Court House, that evening under fire in support of Rcud's line at Chantilly, the brigade ordered back next day to Fairfax to bring oif stores, where the enemy was in full force ; linally on the oosi- tion of the Second was changed somewhat, so that it gave a fiank fire with terrible effect, driving the foe back, when the Union line advanced, the Second capturing the battle-fiag of the Eleventh Mississippi. Soon Sumner's Corps went hurrying to the front, and General Gordon was ordered to give him support. The Second and Thirteenth New Jersey, the only available regiments, were moved some distance forward and took a position, where they became heavily engaged in a short time by Jackson's reinforcements, and being vastly outnumbered and isolated the order was given to fall back, and the regiment did no further serious Avork, though moving from point to point, in support of batteries and other service. The loss of the regiment, with less than 300 men taken into action, had been 15 killed and 50 wounded, among the latter Lieutenant Colonel THE SECOND REGIMENT. 123 Dwight fatalh'. LiGutenant Sedgwick, who wns on the staff of General John Sedgwick, died of wounds on the 2Tth. On the 20th the Second found themselves again at Maryland Hights, opposite Harper's Ferry, near their station of a year jx-e- vious, and there they remained for some time picketing the river. Colonel Andrews was at that time assigned to the command of a brigade, and was soon after commissioned brigadier, the regiment being for some time in command of Captain Cogswell, who Avas presently commissioned lieutenant colonel, the other field commis- sions being of Captain Quincy (absent wounded) as colonel and Captain Charles R. Mudge as major. General H. W. Slocum now became the commander of the Twelfth Corps. Thanksgiving day was formally celebrated by the command November 27, and on the 12th of December the regiment broke camp, crossed the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, moving thence by way of Lccsburg to Fairfax Station, Avhich was reached on the 17th; starting thence southward but returning after a day or two of toil- ing through the mud to wait, with some false alarms, till the 19th of January, when the division moved down to Stafford Court House, near which on the 23d it encamped to remain for more than three months. At this time, as often during the history of the Second, many of its ofiicers were sent out to responsible })Ositions in other commands, and here General Gordon resigned from broken health, the command of the brigade passing to General Thomas J. Ruger, formerly colonel of the Third Wisconsin. The Chancellorsville movement began on the 27th of April, the men starting out with eight days' rations and 60 rounds of cart- ridges, marching that day to near Hartwood Church. The next night the Second, commanded by Colonel Quincy, bivouacked within two miles of Kelly's Ford, which the Eleventh Corps had already crossed, passed to the front next morning and with the Third Wiscon- sin and Twenty-seventh Indiana led the march to Gernuinia Ford on the Rapidan, where over a hundred Confederates who were buiUling a bridge were captured. The regiment then forded the river and a bridge for the passage of the Union army was quickly constructed. On the 30th the Second formed the rear of the Twelfth Corps, marching by the plank road to near Chancellorsville, a little distance to the westward of which it went into position. During the 1st of May the corps was moved a mile or two to the east, encountered. 124 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. the enemy, and the formation of tlie ground behig considered un- favorable for an engagement returned to its former position, where on the morning of the 2d the regiment built its first intrenchments. That morning "Stonewall" Jackson's column was observed cross- ing a hill in front of the Federal lines and part of the Third Corps, Barlow's Brigade of the Eleventh and finally Williams's Division of the Twelfth, went out to operate against it. Wliile thus engaged the crash of battle broke almost in their rear and Williams hurried his command back to fhid the Eleventh Corps broken and part of the defenses constructed by the Second Massachusetts already in possession of the enemy. Ruger's Brigade formed line on lower ground in front of the Union artillery, where it remained all through the incessant firing and alarms of that night of battle. In the dis- positions of the next day the lines of the Third Corps extended to the front of this position, placing Williams's Division in support ; but when the Third Corps was forced back the shock of battle came upon the wearers of the red star cor})S badge in all its force. Three times did the fire of Ruger's veterans, in connection, with the splendid artillery service supporting them, drive back the best trooj'S of the Confederacy, on the last occasion advancing the Union line so that the Second found themselves once more in their old intrenchments, but entirely out of ammunition and unable to ob- tain more. In this dilemma, after standing for nearly an hour with fixed bayonets the regiment fell back near the Chancellor House, and later to the new line which had been marked for occupation, the regiment moving toward the United States ford. That afternoon the cor})s listened to the roar of Sedgwick's guns at Salem Church and after dark took position at the extreme Union left, occupying intrenchments near the river beside the Eleventh Cor])s, from wliich on the morning of the 6th they moved to United States Ford and recrossed the river. During the day the Second inarched 23 miles tlirougli the rain to its old camp at Stafford Court House. A third of those who left the camjjten days before did not return ; 81 had ])een killed or mortally wounded, including First Lieutenant Gerald Fitzgerald of Boston ; 90 wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel Cogswell, and eight had been captured. As" sistant Surgeon James Wightman of Boston, died at Washington of disease on the 15th of June. Early in June Colonel Quincy resigned and was succeeded by THE SECOND REGIMENT. 12.3 Lieutenant Colonel Cogswell, ^lajor Mudue becoiniug lieutenant colonel and Ca))tain Charles F. Morse major. On the 6th of June the Second and the Third Wisconsin, with a few otlier picked regi- ments, were sent out in support of a movement by the Union cavalry across the river by way of Kelly's and Beverly's Fords. On the morning of the 9th the Second crossed at the latter ford and had some part in the skirmishing which ensued, losing three men wounded. Recrossing the river that night, they marched next morning to Bealton, stopping there three or four days and finally rejoining the corps, then on its march toward Gettysburg, at Fairfax. The marches of the 17th and 18th took the regiment to the vicin- ity of Leesburg, where a stop was made till the 2()th, when in a rain storm the Potomac was crossed at Edwards Ferry and the course taken led along the river bank, across the Monocacy and to Point of Rocks, which was reached on the 2Tth, the regiment con- tinuing on to Petersville, returning next day to Frederick, and crossing the Monocacy. That evening the news of Hooker's retire- ment and Meade's promotion to the command of the army was made known, but there was no halt. The army moved steadily forward, and on the 1st of July the corps halted at Two Taverns. Soon the firing at Gettysburg was heard and the corps was ordered forward, going into position to the right of the reserve on Cemetery Hill. The line ran across Culp's Hill and the meadows to Rock Creek, forming the right of the Federal army. With slight changes of position and some skirmishing the regi- ment remained in this locality till the following afternoon, when Williams's Division — the Third Brigade commanded by Colonel Colgrove of the Twenty-seventh Indiana — was ordered to the left to assist the Third Corps, but was presently sent back to the right. Approaching their works after dark, the officers of the regiment suspected that they were occupied, and Company F as skirmishers reported the Confederates there in force. This was confirmed by Company K, which reached the works, captured several prisoners and came back with slight loss. The brigade therefore took posi- tion a few hundred yards away, behind a slight rise of ground, with a swamp between it and the enemy. About 7 o'clock next morning the Second and the Twenty -seventh Indiana were directed to charge across the marsh and retake the Avorks. Desperate as the attempt was seen to be, the regiment responded magnificently. 126 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. The Twenty -seventh were driven back by the terrible fire which was at once encountered, but the Second went straight across and up ahnost to the face of the works, Avhere protected somewhat by the rocks and trees what were left held gallantly on till the appear- ance of a Confederate line in their rear ; then facing about they charged directly through the new force, finally reaching the shelter of a broken stone-wall in front and to the left of their first posi- tion. Here the survivors were sheltered somewhat, and after firing heavily for some time the regiment was ordered back to the start- ing point, which was reached without further serious loss. A few hours later the persistent Union attack forced the enemy from the intrenchmcnts and in the afternoon the Second went over to the coveted position, caring for their wounded and burying their dead. The loss of the regiment had been terrible. Of 22 officers, four were killed or mortally hiirt and six others wounded ; of 294 en- listed men, 39 were killed or fatally injured and 84 others wounded, and six were prisoners. Of the killed were Lieutenant Colonel Mudge, commanding the regiment, and Second Lieutenant Henry y. D. stone of Brookline ; Captains Thomas R. Robeson of Cam- bridge and Thomas B. Fox of Dorchester were mortally wounded. Three color-bearers had been killed and one wounded. In the march from Gettysburg toward the Virginia line, the Second on the 10th passed over the field of Antietam, anil on the 12th went into position and intrenched near Williamsport, facing the Confederate army. There Colonel Cogswell, sufficiently re- covered from his wound to take the field, resumed command of the regiment. The 14th found the hostile works deserted and the enemy across the Potomac, and the parallel race southward at once began. The Second reached Sandy Hook on the 16th, crossed the river into Virginia on the 19th, moving by Hillsboro, Snickersville, Wliite Plains and llaymarket to Warrcnton Junction, near which they halted on the 26tli ; on the 31st moving past Bealton to near Kelly's Ford on the Rappahannock, which was crossed next day in support of a cavalry movement, the regiment being dc])loyed as skirmishers but not engaged. In the evening of August 2 they re- turned to camp, where they remained quietly till the 16th. On that day the Second, accompanied by the Third Wisconsin and Twenty-seventh Indiana of its own brigade and eight other picked regiments, all under command of General Ruger, marched to THE SECOND REGIMENT. 127 Rappahannock Station where cars were taken for Alexandria, at which i)lace a halt of two days was made. The purpose of the ex- pedition was kept a profound secret, so far as its members were concerned, till they were embarked on steamcivs, when it was made known that the destination was New York city, over which the possibility of another draft riot was hanging. Reaching the metropolis, the Second were stationed at City Hall park, where were General Rugcr's head-ijuarters, the other regi- ments being disposed at various points about the city. Two weeks l)assed there in quiet; then on the afternoon of the 5th of Sejjtcm- ber the regiments were marched to the wharf, took steamers again, and the return trip was begun. From Alexandria, Ruger's three regiments marched back to the old camp at the left of the Army of the Potomac, and on the IGth the brigade crossed the Raj)pahan- nock, moving carefully forward till its pickets were established at Raccoon Ford on the Rapidan. There, on the 24th, came orders which transferred the Second to other fields of usefulness. The Eleventh and Twelfth CorjJS had been placed under the comuiand of General Hooker and detailed fur the su])port of Rosecrans, who had just fought the battle of Chickamauga, and whose position had become critical at Chatta- nooga. Bealton was reached on the 2Gth and next day the com- mand took cars, going by way of Alexandria, Washington, Relay, Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg ; leaving the cars at Ben wood to cross the Ohio river on pontons, but resuming travel by rail to and through Columbus, Xenia, Louisville, Nashville and Stevenson, Ala., the regiment debarked near the latter place at the end of seven days' continuous journeying. The first duty of General Hooker's command was the protection of the railroad by which Rosecrans's supplies were forwarded from Nashville, and within a few hours after the arrival of the Second came the rej)ort that the road over which it had just come had been cut, and Williams's Division, of which the regiment formed a. part of the Second Brigade, was ordered back to repair the mischief. Going nominally by rail but really mai'chiug most of the way, the Second finally reached Christiana October 8, staid there till the morning of the 10th when they came back as far as Elk river bridge, where they remained on guard duty for 12 days. During this time (Jencral Georue H. Thomas succeeded General Rosecrans 128 MASSACHUSETrS AV THE WAR. in command of the Army of the CumberLand, the department hav- ing been made part of the Military Division of the Mississippi under command of General Grant. Hooker Avas at once directed to concentrate the Eleventh Corps and Geary's Division of the Twelfth for operations in Lookout Valley looking to the relief of Chattanooga. On the 23d the regiment started toward the south, marched for three days, found it was not wanted in that direction, faced to the rear and marched back to Christiana, where it tore down an old camp and built a new one, was presently informed that it wasn't wanted there, marched back again to Elk river bridge between the 6th and 8th of November, and in the fortifications at that point made a more permanent stop. On the 26th of November, Thanks- giving was observed, and during the following month so many members of the regiment re-enlisted as to assure the continuance of the regiment in the field as an organization till the close of the war. The re-enlistment dated from the 31st of December, from which time the regiment was known as the " Second Veteran." On the 10th of January, 1864, the re-enlisted ones, temporarily consolidated into five companies, left for home on a 30-days' fur- lough, reaching Boston on the evening of the 19th. There was an enthusiastic reception the following day in Faneuil Hall, in which Governor Andrew, General Burnside and others took part, after which the men were dismissed to their homes for a month. On the afternoon of February 23 the command started on its return, rejoining the balance of the regiment at TuUahoma eight days later, where were the corps, division and brigade head-quarters; Colonel Cogswell was made commandant of the post, placing the regiment under command of Major Francis, Lieutenant Colonel Morse being on the staff of General Slocum. Before the opening of the spring campaign the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated, forming the Twentieth, of which General Hooker took command. General Slocuni going to Vicks- burg. The live-pointed star of the Twelfth Corps was retained as the corps badge of the Twentieth. General Ruger's brigade still remained the Second Brigade, First Division. Lieutenant Colonel Moi'se returned to the regiment, and on the 28th of A})ril the move- ment toward Atlanta began. The regiment marched to Bridgeport, crossed the Tennessee river there, moved by way of Wauhatchie THE SECOND REGIMENT. 129 around the north end of Lookout Mountain, thence south to Ring- gold, where on the 6th of May the Army of the Cumberland, of which the Second formed a part, united with the other divisions of Sherman's great army within feeling distance of the enemy. In the fighting which ensued the regiment was not engaged till the 15th at Resaca. There, having first conducted a reconnaissance and located the ])Osition of the enemy, it formed part of the attacking line, moving forward to a chosen position where it received and rc- j)elled three attacks by the enemy, its loss being seven .killed and mortally wounded, and 18 less severely hurt. That night the Confederates abandoned the place and the Union army at once took uji the pursuit, though the Second were not again in line of battle till Cassville was approached on the 10th, where the enemy seemed determined to make a stand, and some skirmish- ing took place ; but next morning Johnston's forces were nowhere to be seen. Sherman's army now rested for a few days, and on the 22d the original term of service of the regiment expired. Seven officers and about 200 enlisted men left on that day for Chattanooga,, where they were mustered out of the national service and returned to Massachusetts ; but the Second Massachusetts Regiment, though with shortened line, still remained in the Army of the Cumberland. The enemy had fallen back to a strong position at Alatoona Pass, beyond the Etowah river to the southeast. General Sherman de- termined to flank this position on the west, and the Second marched early on the 23d, crossing the Etowah on pontons about noon, climbed the Alatoona hills the next day as guard to the division ord- nance trains, and early en the 25th crossed Pumpkin Vine Creek to within three miles of Dallas, when the division was faced about and inarched to the support of Geary's Division, with which Hooker had begun the obstinate battle of New Hope Church. By special detail the regiment was left with a battery to destroy the bridge across the creek and guard against any possible passage by the Con- federates, where it remained for three days and did not particijiate in the battle, in which its division suffered severely. The regiment was detailed on the 29th as escort for a long train of wagons loaded with wounded, which it accom])anied to Kingston, and remained there till the 4th of June, when with other troops and 60 recruits for its own ranks it started back in guard of sup- plies, rejoining its brigade in front of the enemy's strong position 130 MASSACHUSETTS IN TEE WAR. on Lost Mountain on the 8th. Often under heavy fire, maneuvering and drawing the cordon closer, the Union army carried out its plans till on the 16th the condition of the enemy became so critical that the}' fell back early the next morning, and the Second following them to their second line halted and intrenched. The next day was rainy, and on the 19th it was found that Johnston had again with- drawn, taking position covering Marietta. The Second were among the pursuing troojis, and presently to the south of Kenesaw again intrenched in the face of the enemy, in doing which First Lieuten- ant Caleb II. Lord of Ipswich was mortally wounded. Confronting the enemy here, moving frequently and building new works, often under fire with occasionally one or two wounded, but not seriously engaged, the regiment served till the close of the month. Colonel Cogswell returned on the 1st of July, after an absence of six weeks, bringing a hundred recruits and resuming the command, which Lieutenant Colonel Morse had well maintained meantime. On the 2d the Confederate position was again abandoned, John- ston falling back with an occasional stand till the south bank of the Chattahooche was reached, and across the river the hostile armies watched each other for some days. The Second crossed the Chatta- hooche on the 17th and Peach Tree Creek on the ^Oth, being in the second line during the bloody battle of that name the same afternoon, though not engaged and losing but two or three men wounded. The enemy retired to the defenses of Atlanta on the 22d and the regiment was among the troops which followed and under the Confederate fire threw up works behind which it remained for a week. On the 28th General Hooker resigned the command of the corps on account of the appointment of General Howard to the com- mand of the Army of the Tcnnossee, succeeding the slain McPher- son, and General Williams led the corps till the arrival of General Slocum. On the morning of July 30 Lieutenant Colonel Morse, field officer of the day, captured the enemy's skirmish line in his front, with a considerable number of prisoners, and the Second at once moA-ed forward to assist in retaining Avhat had been gained. Works were hastily thrown up and the repeated efforts of the Confederates to regain the lost hill were handsomely repulsed. The loss of the Second was three killed and five wounded, and a few more were THE SECOND REGIMENT. 131 hurt in the intrcnchmcnts during the continuance of the siege. At this time Surgeon Williani II. Heath sickened and died on the 28th of August at Chattanooga, to which pLace he was sent, depriving the regiment of the services of an able and conscientious medical ofhcer. General Sherman's operations against Atlanta necessitated the moving back of the Twentieth C()ri)s to Chattahooche river on the 25tli of August, the Second Massachusetts Regiment being stationed in a fort covering the railroad bridge across the river, where it re- mained till the fall of the city. The Confederates evacuated the place on the night of the 1st of September, and late the following day the Second marched into the city, pitching their tents in City Park. Colonel Cogswell was made commandant of the post, with Lieutenant Colonel Morse as provost marshal and Adjutant Fox as post adjutant. Major Francis being inspector on the staff of Gen- eral Williams, the command of the regiment devolved on Captain Robert B. Brown, and the Second being made provost guard — a position especially difficult under the circumstances — the qualities of both commander and command were well tested, with credit to all concerned. The regiment remained in Atlanta till the evacuation of the city after its destruction at the beginning of the march to the sea, and was the last to leave on the 16th of November, Meantime many recruits had been assigned to the Second, a large part of whom proved worthless and deserted before reaching camp or at the first opportunity ; though others became true soldiers and well main- tained the reputation of the regiment. This experience was in common with that of other commands at that time, many of the recruits being influenced by the large bounties offered rather than by patriotism. The Fourteenth Corps having been the last to leave Atlanta, the brigade followed the fortunes of that organization to near Milledge- ville, which was passed on the 23d, when the Second rejoined its own corps, forming part of the left wing. Hebron was reached the 24th, and there, with supplies which had scarcely passed through the commissary's hands, the New England Thanksgiving was cele- brated. Then the march was onward, with now and then a skir- mish but very little actual opposition, the regiment taking its full share of the toil and excitement, destroying railroads, bridges, cot- 132 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. ton — whatever could comfort or support the armed enemies of the Union. The prison-pen at Millen, from which all the living prisoners had been removed, was reached on the 3d of December, but no stop was made ; on the 9th, 15 miles from Savannah a rebel work mounting two guns was encountered, flanked and carried, and the next day the brigade struck and began to destroy the Savannah and Charleston railroad ten miles from the former city. That afternoon, six miles nearer, hostile fortifications were encountered, half a mile from which the regiment bivouacked in line of battle. Next morning the Second with the One Hundred and Seventh New York, under command of Colonel Cogswell, went forward on a re- connaissance, found the enemy's works in the rear of a Hooded rice swamp, and returned. On the afternoon of the 15th the regiment was ordered to join the Third Wisconsin on Argyle Island in the Savannah river, which was done with considerable difficulty on flat boats which got aground and waited for the tide, and the day after the rest of the brigade followed. Connection had now been made Avith the fleet which awaited the coming of Sherman, and a large mail was re- ceived ; but the troops on the island were annoyed by the fire of the hostile batteries on the eastern shore. On the morning of the 19th the brigade (which was commanded by Colonel Carman of the Thirteenth New Jersey, (Jeneral Ruger commanding the First Division, Twenty-third Corps) was crossed to the South Carolina side, Avhere it advanced some three miles and took up a good posi- tion threatening the only line of retreat from Savannah. Some demonstrations were made by the enemy, but no serious attack, and on the morning of the 21st the force was recalled, the city having surrendered. It was afternoon of the 22d, however, before the opposition of the elements and the Confederates allowed the brigade to complete the transfer to Georgia soil. The next day a camp was laid out and soon built, to be shifted to a less favorable location a few days later ; on the 30th the corps was reviewed by General Slieinuin in Savannah, — and thus the year 1864 ended. Soon after (.'olonel Cogswell Avas l)revctted a brigadier general and assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Twentieth Corjjs. On the IGth of January, 1865, he formally took leave of his well-tried comnumd, ijicutenant Colonel Moi-se thence- THE SECOND REGIMENT. 133 forth Icadinsr the reouring rain, but at evening was ordered forward some five miles to the support of Kilpatrick's cavalry, which had en- countered the enemy in force. The night was passed in line of battle and on the IGth the battle of Averysboro was fought. The Confederate commander, Johnston, to gain time for the con- centration of his forces beyond, had instructed Hardee to check the progress of Slocum's column as much as he could, and Hardee had therefore posted his troops with the river on his right and the swamp on his left, at a narrow point. In the morning the brigade, with the Second on the left, with skirmishers well out and the flanks guarded by cavalry, advanced against the enemy and took position in the edge of a swampy wood near an open field, covering the main road. The enemy made desperate efforts with infantry and ar- tillery to drive back the small force, but every attempt was repelled, the brigade holding its ground till it was out of ammunition when it was relieved by that of General Cogswell, which drove the foe back through two lines of works and into the third, which were abandoned during the niu'ht. The loss of the Second had been 134 IIASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. four killed and nine wounded, amoui? the former lieing Captain J. Inu'crsoll Grafton of Boston, who was shot through the neck while bravely commanding the skirmish line. First Lieutenant Samuel Storrow of Boston, on General CogswclFs staff, was also killed. Receiving fresh ammunition, the regiment with its brigade was moved to the right where it again advanced upon the enemy, driv- ing them back and holding the ground gained until relieved. Dur- ing this time Lieutenant Colonel Morse commanding the regiment was disabled by a wound in the shoulder, devolving the command of the 116 men that were left upon Captain Brown. Two others were killed and seven wounded, making the loss of the day 24, The onward movement was resumed the next day, the Fourteenth Corps going to the front and the Twentieth following a few miles in the rear. One division of each was in the rear with the trains, while the others in light marching order followed the retiring Con- federates. Johnston made his stand some miles short of Benton- ville on the 10th, and the battle of that name was fought. He hoped to crush Slocum's forces in detail, and fell furiously upon the divisions of the Fourteenth Corps, but at the sound of the can- nonade those of the Twentieth hurried forward, lengthening and strengthening the Union line ; six assaults of the Confederates were repulsed and the Union line was established and intrenched. In this fight the Second was in the supporting lines, and though moved from point to point was not engaged and suffered no loss. On tlie 20th the other columns of Sherman's army came up, Johnston was forced from the offensive to the defensive, and on the 21st there was some sharj) lighting at other parts of the lines. Early on the following morning a general advance was ordered, but the enemy had retired during the night. Once more the order was "Forward I" and on the 24th the column ])assed through Golds- l)oro with music playing and banners flying. A mile or two beyond, on the Wcldon railroad, the regiment halted, connections having been reached and the campaign being virtually ended. Canip was established, and its routine, even to drills was taken up. General Mower took command of the corps on the 3d of April, returning General Williams to the command of the division ; and a few days later, as the Second had a large number of officers, it was decided to send eight of them upon recruiting service, while the regiment was temporarily consolidated in two companies, under com- THE SECOND REGIMENT. 135 mnnd of Captain Phalen. The news of the fall of Richmond was received on the 6th of April, and Sherman at once prepared to move in co-operation with the Army of the Potomac. The march began on the 10th, on the 13th the regiment camped at Raleigh, and the following day Johnston made overtures for a cessation of hostilities. With an occasional march into the surrounding country, a forag- ing expedition or a review, the time passed till the 29th, when the surrender of Johnston was announced, and the following day the march toward Washington began. On the 11th of May the regi- ment passed through Richmond, four years from the day its first camp was established in JMassachusetts. Of its original roster only four officers remained, and less than 100 of its 1,000 enlisted men. The march ended on the 19th at Cloud's Mills, three miles from Alexandria, when Lieutenant Colonel Morse, having sufficiently re- covered from his wound, returned to the command. On the 24th Sherman's army was reviewed in Washington, and the Second went into camp at Bladensburg ; on the 6th of June General Hawley bade farewell to the Brigade, and the next day the Twentieth Corps was broken up. The Second was now brigaded with the Fifth Con- necticut, Forty-sixth Pennsylvania and One Hundred and Forty- third New York, forming the Second Brigade in Bartlett's Division of the District of Washington. The regiment went into camp on Capitol Hill June 14, and a month later was mustered out of the national service, leaving for home on the following day. At New York it received a cordial greeting from General Hooker, under whom much of its service had been seen, and proceeded thence by steamer to Providence and by rail to Readville, where it remained in camp till the preparations for final payment and dis- charge were completed. During that time a large number of com- l)limontary promotions were issued by Governor Andrew, and on the 26tli of July, 1865, the organization was dissolved. THE THIRD REGIMENT. THE Third Regiment of Massachusetts Militia, though its head- quarters were at New Bedford, was one of the first to reach Boston when the call was made in April, 1861, arriving early in the forenoon of the 16th and being quartered in the hall over the Old Colony railroad station. Like the Fourth and Sixth, it was ready for departure at 6 o'clock that afternoon. The command consisted of but seven companies, with a total of 446 officers and men, the roster being as follows : — Colonel, David W. Wardrop of New Bedford ; lieutenant colonel, Charles Raymond of Plymouth; major, John H. Jennings; surgeon, Alexander iS. Holmes ; assistant surgeon, Johnson Clark ; adjutant, Austin S. Cusliman, all of New Bedford; quartermaster, Edward D. Allen of Fail-haven; sergeant major, Albert C. Maggi; quartermaster sergeant, Frederick S. Gilford, both of New Bedford. Company A, Halifax Light Infantry — Captain, Joseph S. Harlow of Middleboro; first lieutenant, Cephas Washburn, Jr., of Kingston; second lieutenant, Charles P. Lyon of Halifax. Company B, Standish Guard — Captain, Charles C. Doten ; first lieutenant," Otis Rogers, both of Plymouth; second lieutenant, Will- iam B. Alexander of I'oston. Company C, Cambridge City Guards — Captain, James P. Richard- son ; first lieutenant, Samuel E. Chamberlain; second lieutenant, Edwin F. Richardson. Company G, Assonet Light Infantry — Captain, John W. Marble; first lieutenant, Humphrey A. Francis; second lieutenant, John M. Dean, all of Freetown. Company H, Samoset Guards — Cai)tain. Lucien L. Perkins; first lieutenant, Oscar E. Washburn, both of Plympton; second lieutenant, Soutbworth Loring of Middleboro. Company K, Bay State Light Infantry — Captain, William S. McFar- lin of South Carver; first lieutenant, John Dunham of North Carver; second lieutenant, Francis L. Porter of New Bedford. Company L, New Bedford City Guards — Captain, Timothy Ingra- ham; first lieutenant, James Barton; second lieutenant, Austin S. Cushman. THE THIRD REGIMENT. 137 The Third Regiment was destined for Fortress ^fonroe, and at 6 o'clock in the afternoon of the 17th of April marched to the .State House, where it was equipped, and thence to the steamer at Central wharf, where it at once embarked, but remained at anchor in the harbor till noon of the 18th. It then sailed for Virginia, reaching its destination on the 20th, two hours after the arrival of the Fourth Regiment. Colonel Wardrop was at once directed to report to Commodoi-e Paulding, and was by that officer ordered with his command aboard the United States steamer Pawnee and sailed at 5 o'clock for the Gosport Navy Yard, where the regiment landed late in the evening. About midnight Paulding informed Colonel Wardrop that the evacuation of the yard had been decided on, and though the latter protested earnestly, the measure was carried out. The regiment was detailed to assist in the destruction, most of the men re-embarking at 4 o'clock and dropping down the river till the firing detachments came off in small boats, after which the vessels made their way down through the obstructions and the Third landed at the Fortress late in the morning of the 21st. It was made a part of the garrison there on the 22d, and the day after was mustered into the United States service for three months in due form. Four companies enlisted for three years, which after- ward formed part of the Twenty -ninth Regiment, joined the Third during May — Company I, Captain Chamberlain of Lynn, and Company M, Captain Tyler of Boston, on the 14th; Company D, Cajitain Chipman of Sandwich, and Company E, Captain Doten of Plymouth, on tjie 22d, when General Butler took command of the Department of Virginia. On the 1st of July the regiment left the fort, crossed the creek and occupied the village of Hampton, in con- nection with the naval brigade and followed by the Fourth Regiment, all under the command of General E. W. Pierce. Some skirmish- ing ensued, but the enemy were soon driven from the vicinity by Union scouting parties. A threatening movement being made against the village on the 4th by a strong party of the enemy, the regiment with some com- panies of the garrison and four pieces of artillery, under connnand of Colonel Wardrop, marched out two miles to the junction of the roads and formed line of battle during the night; but in the morn- ing it was found that the enemy had retired. A scouting party of 35 from Company C, commanded by Lieutenant Chamberlain, fol- 138 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. lowed the retiring foe to the vicinity of Yorktown, being absent five days and gaining much valuable information regarding the country and the enemy's position and strength. With this exception the regiment devoted itself to strengthening the fort and fortifying in the vicinity, various details taking part in unimportant expeditions by water, till the IGth of July, when by direction of General Butler preparation was made for the return to Massachusetts. Embarking on the steamer Cambridge on the afternoon of that day, the seven original companies returned to Boston, reaching there the 19th and four days later being mustered out of the national service. THE nine-months' TERM. The call for nine-months' troops in the summer of 1862 was met in part by the volunteering of the militia regiments of the state, among Avhich the Third promptly offered its services. It was ordered to Camp Joe Hooker at Lakeville, where its ranks were filled to the required standard, though the regiment of ten com- panies and 1,000 men thus organized bore but little resemblance in its make-u]) to the one of the same name which responded to the first call. The companies began to gather at the rendezvous Sep- tember 16 ; they were all present on the 22d ; eight companies were mustered the day following and the remainder on the 26th. Orders were received on the 8th of October to prepare for departure to North Carolina, but it was some days before the men were supplied with overcoats. The field and staff were principally mustered on the 15tli, the roster following : — Colonel, Silas P. Richmond of Freetown; lieutenant colonel, James Barton of New Bedford; major, Jolm Morissey of Plymouth; surgeon, Alfred A. Stocker of Cambridge; assistant surgeon, Woodbridge li. Howes of Mattapoisett: adjutant, Lucien L. Perkins of Plympton; quartermaster, Bethuel Penniman, Jr., of New Bedford; chajilain, Charles A. Snow of Fall River; sergeant major, Edward L. Bobbins of Plymouth; quartermaster sergeant, Theodore A. Barton of New licdford; commissary sergeant, Arthur Hooper of Bridgevvater; hos- pital steward, Eugene Whittemore of Boston. Company A — Captain, John W. Marble of Freetown; first lieuten- ant, diaries P. Lyon; second lieutenant, Nathaniel Morton, both of Halifax. Comjiany B — Ca])tain, Thomas 15. Grif!ith of Carver; first lieuten- ant, Charles A. S. Perkins of Plymouth; second lieutenant, William S. Briggs of Middleboro. THE THIRD REGIMEXT. 139 Company C, Fall River — Captain, Eliha Grant; first lieutenant, Benjamin A, Shaw; second lieutenant, Charles D. Copeland. Company D, Fall Kiver — Captain, Andrew W. Wright; first lieuten- ant. Thomas i\[cFarland; second lieutenant, George Reynolds, Jr. Com])any E — Captain, John A. llawes of Fairhaven; first lieuten- ant, William E. Mason; second lieutenant, James L. Sharjj, both of New Bedford. Company F, New Bedford — Captain, George R. Ilurlbut; first lieu- tenant, William H. Allen, 3d; second lieutenant, Jonathan W. Davis. Company G, New Bedford — Captain, William 8. Col)b; first lieuten- ant, Henry W\ Briggs; second lieutenant, James L. Wilbur. Company H — Captain, Otis A. Baker of Rehoboth; first lieutenant, Robert Grossman of Dighton; second lieutenant, Joseph Gibbs of Somerset. Comjjany I — Captain, Barnabas Ewer, Jr., of Fairhaven; first lieu- tenant, Solomon K. Eaton of Mattapoisett; second lieutenant, Jabez M. Lyle of Fairhaven. Company K — Captain, Samuel Bates of East Bridgewater; first lieutenant, Nathan Forbes of Bridgewater; second lieutenant, Charles E. Churchill of West Bridgewater. The command embarked on the steamers Merrimack and jMissis- sippi on the 22d of October, and sailed that evening, reaching Beau- fort the 26th, where they debarked and proceeded at once by rail to Newbern, going into camp on the banks of the Neuse a mile from the city. Three days later the regiment was equipped and armed with the Austrian rifled musket — a very poor weapon. Two companies were soon after detached for duty at New])ort Barracks, where they remained for more than a month and a picket station at Creek No. 1 was maintained for three months by details of some 30 men from the Third. A month later Company I went to Plymouth, N. C, where it remained on garrison duty for over five months, during Avhich time it was engaged in the fight of December 10, losing one man killed, several wounded and 14 taken jirisoners. The regiment was assigned to Colonel Horace C. Lee's Brigade, the other regiments being the Fifth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-seventh and Forty-sixth ^Massachusetts. An attack of the Confederates on the pickets at Deep Gully on the 11th of November called the Third to arms, and they stood during the night in momentary anticipation of marching orders, which did not come. The first expedition in which the command took part was that toward Goldsboro, starting on the 11th of December, and occupying 11 days. . The regiment liad a share in the actions at Kinston and Whitehall, though not 140 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. actively engaged, and at Goldsboro on the 17th assisted in tearing up the railroad track nndcr fire from the enemy, and later, as the main force was retiring, supported the artillery during the repulse of the Confederate attack. Though much exposed during the day the regiment escaped with a loss of but six wounded. Toward the close of December the Third were assigned to Gen- eral Heckman's Brigade of Nagiee's Division, Eighteenth Corps, but at an inspection held soon after their muskets were condemned. As they could not be replaced at that time, the regiment was un- able to participate in the expedition to South Carolina of which the brigade formed part. It was accordingly detached and assigned to Colonel Jourdan's Brigade, with which it remained till the close of its term. On the 26th of January, 1863, the regiment moved to Camp Jourdan, near Fort Totten, — a very unfavorable locality ; but as it was an important point in the defenses of Newborn the regiment by great exertion created a pleasant and healthful camp. The next active service of the Third Avas on the 6th of March, when with the division commanded by General Prince it went on a five-days' expedition into Jones and Onslow counties, during which the regiment won official thanks ior the faithful discharge of its duties. On the .14th an attack by the Confederates on the out- posts at Deep (tully called the Third to arms and they marched out four miles, when demonstrations against Newbern itself caused their return to camp, where they remained under arms till after- noon of the next day. They then joined Prince's Division on a reconnaissance to PoUocksville, returning at evening of the 16th. With the beginning of Ai)ril large daily details were made for work on the intrenchments, 150 men being furnished when the regiment was in camp, and this labor continued while they remained in North Carolina. Orders were received on the 5th of April to embark for the re- lief of Little AVashington, N. C, then besieged by a Confederate force, but it was not till evening of the 7th that tlie regiment was transported across the Neuse and next day joined a column under General Spinola intended for an overland diversion in favor of the garrison. A rapid march was made to Blount's Creek, where the enemy were found in some force, a skirmish ensued, and General Spinola's command retraced its steps, reaching Newbern on the evening of the 10th. A more efficient movement was made six THE TlllUD REGUIENT. 141 days lator, when the rctrimcnt marched to Core Creek, remaining: in the vicinity six days and having- some slight skirmishes with tlic enemy, the result of the movement being to cause a raising of the siege of Washington. In consecjuonce of a disaster to the Eighty- fifth Pennsylvania, in which its colonel, Jones, was killed, the Third Avere ordered in the evening of the 23d to march to the vicinity of Batchelder's Creek, which was done, the command lying in line of battle during the night; but it was found next morning that the enemy had retreated and the regiment returned to New- hern, the march l)cing very severe on account of heat and dust. No further expeditions of importance were undertaken, and after a period of picket duty the Third were ordered home to Massachu- setts, their time having expired. Taking transports on the lllli of June, they reached Boston on the 16th, and after a very flattering reception took cars for Cam]) Joe Hooker ; but before reaching it the men were fui'loughcd with orders to report on the 22d. They did so, and after remaining in camp four days were mustered out- on the 2Gtli by Captain J. K. Lawrence of the regular army. THE FOURTH REGIMENT. THE Fourth Regiment, Massachusetts Militia, had the honor of being the first organization to leave Boston in response to the call of April 14, 1861, for troops for the national defense. Its head-quarters were at Quincy, the home of Colonel Packard, but the companies were scattered through a considerable region, and the individual members were still further dispersed ; yet before sunset of the IGth the command was in Boston, with its head-quarters in Faneuil Hall, and ready for any duty which might be required. It was not till the following afternoon, however, that transpor tation and preliminaries had been arranged, when at 3 o'clock the Fourth marched to the State House, where they heard a few thrill- ing words from Governor Andrew, to which Colonel Packard made response, after which the regiment marched to the Old Colony rail- road depot and took cars for Fall River, en route to Fortress Mon- roe. The command consisted of nine companies, with a total of 635 officers and men, this being the roster : — Colonel, Abner B. Packard of Quincy; lieutenant colonel, Hawkes Fearing, Jr., of Hinghain; major, Horace 0. Wliittemore of Boston; surgeon, Henry M. Saville; assistant surgeon, William L. Faxon; ad- jutant, Henry Walker, all of (^)uincy: quartermaster, William W. Car- ruth of Boston; sergeant major, Alvin E. Hall of Foxboro; (juarter- master sergeant, George W. Barnes of Plymouth; drum major, George W. Pope of Quincy. Company A, Union Light Guards — Captain, Ira Drake of Stougli- ton; first lieutenant, Henry IJ. Morse; second lieutenant, John Mc- Kay, Jr., both of Canton. Company B — Captain Milo M. Williams, Jr.; first lieutenant, Lin- ton Waldron; second lieutenant, William E. Bump, Jr., all of Easton. (Companies B, C, D, E and G were known as the '* Light Infantry" of their respective towns.) Company C — Captain. Cephas C. Bumpus; first lieutenant, James T. Stevens; second lieutenant, Isaac P. Fuller, all of Braintree. Company D — Captain. Horace Kiles; first lieutenant, Otis S. Wil- bur; second lieutenant, Hiram F. Wales, all of Randolph. • THE Forirni regiment. 143 Company E — Captain, Charles F. Allen ; first lieutenant, Lewis Soule; second lieutenant, John W. Mitchell, all of South Abington. Company F, Warren Light Guards — Captain, David L. Shepard; first lieutenant, Moses A. Richardson; second lieutenant, Carlos A. Hart, all of Foxboro. Company G — Ca])tain, Timothy Gordon; first lieutenant, Zaccheus Sherman; second lieutenant, Frederick A. Harrington, all of Taunton. Company II, Hancock Light Guards — Captain, Franklin Curtis; first lieutenant, Edward A. Spear; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Messervy, all of Quincy. Company I, Lincoln Light Guards — Captain, Luther Stephenson, Jr., first lieutenant, Charles Sprague; second lieutenant, Nathaniel French, Jr., all of Hingham. At Fall River the regiment went aboard the steamer State of Maine, by which it was landed at New York on the attcrnoon of the 18tli. There the Fourth remained for 24 hours while the steamer prepared for its ocean voyage, setting out on the afternoon of the 19th and reaching the vicinity of the Fortress early the following morning. At sunrise the unfurling of the Stars and Stripes above the stronghold dispelled the fears which had been entertained as to its safetv, and as soon as practicable the command landed amid the cheers of the small garrison, being the first loyal regiment to i)lace foot upon ground claimed by any seceding state, — Virginia having adopted an ordinance of secession three days before. At once the labors of the regiment began. The Fortress was almost defenseless on the land side — from which danger now threat- ened it ; — there were heavy guns to mount, vessels to unload and many routine duties to perform. The command was mustered into the United States service on the 22d, and for more than a month remained in the fort. General Butler took command of the De- partment of Virginia about the middle of May, and on the 27th the Fourth with the First Vermont and the Tenth Ne\v York Regiments were sent to Xewport News, some 12 miles distant, to form an in- trenched camp, kno\vn as Camp Butler. From that time till their return to Massachusetts the Fourth were engaged almost constantly in fortifying the position thus taken. Five companies of the regiment as volunteers took part in the expedition against Big Bethel, setting out on the night of the 9th of June, soon after midnight, under command of Major Whitte- more. The encounter which occurred between two regiments of the command at davlidit, when each mistook the other for the 144 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. enemy, was stopped by Major Whittemore, who rode out in front of his line and discovered the true situation. The disorder having heen rectified, the movement continued, and the Massachusetts de- tachment with a like detail from the A'ermont regiment were ordered to turn the enemy's left, and under a heavy fire had 'nearly gained the hostile works in their front when a retreat was ordered and on the part of the right wing reluctantly obeyed, the Fourth having suffered the loss of one mortally and one or two" slightly wounded. On the return to Newport News, Major Whittemore's command formed the rear guard, and its conduct throughout, in the first bat- tle in which Massachusetts troops had part, was exemplary. Camp Butler was quitted on the 3d of July, and the regiment took quarters in the village of Hampton, then practically deserted, save by the negroes. There it remained in quiet till the 11th, when it marched over to Fortress Monroe to prepare for the return to Massachusetts. On the loth it took passage for Boston on the steamer S. R. Spaulding, reaching its destination on the 18th. Land- ing on Long Island in the harbor, the command remained there till the 22d, when, just three months after its muster in, it was honor- ably dismissed. THE nine-months' TERM. Under the call for nine -months' troops in August, 1862, the Fourth with the other militia regiments of the state volunteered for duty, and was ordered to Camp Joe Hooker at Lakeville to fill its ranks to the required standard. Company B was mustered on the 1st of September, H on the 19th, E on the 26th, and the other companies on the 23d, though some additions were made later. The field officers and part of the staff were not mustered till the 16th of December. Some of the companies were nominally the same which had gone out in 1861, but very few names re-appeared in the roster of officers or men. The field, staff and line were made up as follows : — Colonel, Henry Walker of Quincy; lieutenant colonel, Eben T. Colby of Lawrence; major, Charles F. Howard of Foxboro; surgeon, James Waldock of Koxbury: assistant surgeons, Edward W. ^Norton of Blandford and Jose])li F. Gould of South lioston ; adjutant, Augustus Crocker; quartermaster, Thomas J. Lothrop, both of Taunton; cha])lain, Samuel E. Fierce of Gloucester; sergeant major, Franklin Jacobs of Canton; quartermaster sergeant, Edwin Barrows THE FOURTH liEGIMENT. 145 of Norton ; commissary sergeiint, Lebaron Goodwin of Duxlniry ; hospital steward, Charles W. IIowLmd of Abiiigton; principal mu- sician, Nelson Mann of l{andol])h. Company A — Captain, John Hall of Canton; lirst lieutenant, Ira Drake of Stoughton; second lieutenant, Henry IT. Morse of Canton. Company B, Lawrence — Cajitain, George S. Merrill; first lieuten- ant, John K. Tarbox; second lieutenant, Albert F. Dow. Company C — Captain, Seneca R. Thomas; first lieutenant, Daniel F. Wood, both of Middleboro; second lieutenant, James M. Sampson of Lakeville. Comj)any D, Randolph — Captain, Hiram C. Alden; first lieutenant, Myron W. Hollis; second lieutenant, Edmund Cottle. Company E — Captain, Lewis Soulc; first lieutenant, Henry Hum- ble; second lieutenant, John Maloy, all of Abington. Coini)any F — Ca])tain, William R. Black of Taunton; first lieuten- ant, Benjamin H. Richmond of Norton; second lieutenant, Isaac H. Bonney of Foxboro. Company G, Taiinton — Captain, Charles H. Paull; first lieutenant, AVilliam J. Briggs; second lieutenant, William H. Monroe. Company II, Lawrence — Captain, John R. Rollins; first lieuten- ant, James G. Abbott; second lieutenant, Hiram Robinson. Comjiany I — Captain, Henry B. ]\Iaglathlin of Duxbury; first lieu- tenant, Horatio C. Sampson of Pembroke; second lieutenant, "William F. Holmes of Kingston, Company K, Taunton — Captain, William H. Bartlett ; first lieu- tenant, Joiin H. Church; second lieutenant, Philander Williams. The regiment did not leave camp till the 27th of December, when it went to New York and embarked for Louisiana, about 700 find- ing passage on the ship Cxeorge Pcabody and the balance on another sailing vessel. Leaving the harbor January 3, 18G3, the main body reached New Orleans February 7 and landed at Carrollton on the 13th, after 47 days on board ship, the rest of the regiment ari-iving at about the same time. It was attached to the First Brigade, Third Division, Nineteenth Corps, the division being commanded by General Emory and the brigade by Colonel Ingraham of the Thirty-eighth Massachusetts. The other regiments of the brigade were the Sixteenth New Hampshire, One Hundred and Tenth and One Hundred and Sixty-second New York. Going to Baton Rouge on the 7th of March when General Emory's division was transferred to that side of the river to take ])ait in the expedition against Port Hudson, co-operating with the attempt of Admiral Farragut to run the batteries on the water front of the town, the regiment left that place on the 13th, being absent nearly a week. Remaining in camp till the 3d of April, UV, MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the Fourth then went down the river to Algiers, and five days later to Brashear City, remaining with the Sixteenth New Hampshire at that place as a guard to the depot of supplies while General Banks was engaged with the bulk of his available force in an expedition through the Teche country to Alexandria. In contemplation of the attack on the enemy at Fort Bisland, the regiment was ordered to the front late in the afternoon of the 11th, marching ten miles that night and next morning taking position in the lines. It had a part in the skirmishing of the two days which followed, and at night of the 13th was placed in the extreme front, with orders to hold through the night what had been gained during the day. Next morning it was found that the enemy had evacuated the fort, retreating in the direction of Opelousas, and the regiment joined in the pursuit as far as Franklin, but as the foe could not be overtaken Colonel Walker's command was ordered back to Brashear City. There it remained till the 30th of May. Ten days previous Captain Merrill with 50 men of Company B was detailed as guard to the steamer Louisiana Belle in an expedition up the Bayou Cortableu to near Washington for a quantity of cot- ton. The cargo was secured, but on the return trip the vessel was fired upon by guerrillas concealed on the shore at an especially difficult portion of the route, the first volley wounding ten of the guard and killing the captain of the boat; but the ability of Cap- tain Merrill and the bravery of his men brought the vessel through without further loss! The regiment left Brashear on the 30th, reporting to General Banks before Port Hudson, and at once took part in the investment of that stronghold, doing duty in the trenches and otherwise as re- quired till the assault of the 14th of June, in which it had an honorable part. Companies A and K were detailed on this occa- sion to carry hand-grenades in advance of the assaulting line, doing valiant though fruitless service and suffering severely, Captain Bartlett of Company K being killed while attemjjting to scale the hostile ramparts. The loss of the regiment during the day was seven killed and 61 wounded, several mortally, most of the loss being from the two detailed companies. After the surrender this was one of the regiments selected to occupy and garrison the works, remaining there until the 4th of Au<2:ust. In common with some of the other nine -months' regi- % THE FOURTH REGIMENT. 147 ments, there was some misunderstanding regarding the expiration of its term, and at one time a portion of the command refused to do duty and were arrested^ being released after an understanding was reached. During their service the Fourth suffered severely from siclcness, 118 dying from disease, including Second Lieuten- ants William F. Holmes, on the 3d of June at Brashear City, and Isaac H. Bonney, on the 23d of August at Indianapolis, Ind. The regiment started for home on the 4th of August, going by steamer North America to Cairo, 111., and thence by rail, reaching Boston on the 17th. The men, having been furloughed for ten days, re-assemb.led at Lakevillc and were mustered out on the 28th. THE FIFTH REGIMENT. THE Fifth Regiment of Militia wns not among the few re- ceiving the first call to arms when the national flag was fired upon at Sumter. At a meeting held on the loth of April, 1861, the services of the command were formally tendered to the governor, and on the 17th, when the first contingent of Massachusetts soldiers set out for the fi'ont, it was ordered to hold itself in readiness; but it was not till the 19th, when the streets of Baltimore were consecrated by the blood of the martyrs of the Sixth, that the orders to report for duty were received. The regiment repaired to Jjoston, and made its head -quarters at Faneiiil Hall till the morning of the 21st, Avhen its com})le- ment of ten companies having been completed by the addition of one from the First Regiment and four from the Seventh, it set out for Washington, being made up and officered as follows : — Colonel, Samuel 0. Lawrence of Medford; lieutenant colonel, J. Durell Greene of Cambridge; major, Hamlin W. Keyes of Boston; surgeon, Samuel H. Hurd of Charlestown; assistant surgeon, Henry H. Mitchell of East Bridgewater; cliai^lain, Benjamin F. De Costa of Ciiarlestowu ; adjutant, Thomas 0. Barri of Cambridge ; quiirter- master, Joseph E. Billings of Boston: paymaster, George F. Hodges of Roxbury; sergeant major, Henry A. Quincy; ((uartcrmaster ser- geant, Samuel C. Hunt, both of Charlestown; hospital steward, Nathan P. Parker of Reading; drum major, Charles l^'oster of Charlestown. Company A, Mechanic Light Lifantry of Salem — Captain, George II. Peirson; first lieutenant, Edward H. Staten; second lieutenant, Lewis E. Wentworth. Company B, Richardson Light Guard of South Reading — Ca])tain, John W. Locke; first lieutenant, Charles H. Shepard; second lieuten- ant, James D. Draper. Company C, Charlestown Artillery — Captain, William R. Swan of Chelsea; first lieutenant, Phineas 11. Tibbetts of Charlestown; second lieutenant, John W. Rose of Boston; third lieutenant, IIannil)al D. Norton of Chelsea; fourth lieutenant, George H. Marden, Jr., of Charlestown. THE FIFTU BEGHIENT. 149 Company D, Light Infantry, Haverhill — Captain, Carlos P. Cesser; first lieutenant, George J. Dean; second lieutenant, Daniel F. Smith; third lieutenant, Charles II. P. Palmer; fourth lieutenant, lliomas F. Salter. Company E, Lawrence Light Guard, Medford — Captain, John Hutchins ; first lieutenant, John G. Chambers ; second lieutenant, Perry Colman; third lieutenant, William 11, Pattee of West Cam- bridge. Company F, Wardwell Tigers — Captain, David K. Wardwell; first lieutenant, Jacob H. Sleeper both of Boston ; second lieutenant, George G. Stoddard; third lieutenant, Horace P. AV'illiams, both of Brookline; fourth lieutenant, Horatio N. Holbrook of Boston. Company G, Concord Artillery — Captain, George L. Prescott; first lieutenant, Joseph Derby, Jr.; second lieutenant, Humphrey H. But- trick; third lieutcniint, Charles Bowers, Company H, City Guards, Salem — Captain, Henry F, Danforth of Salem; first lieutenant, Kirk Stark; second lieutenant, William F. Sumner; third lieutenant, George H. Wiley; fourth lieutenant, John E. Stone, all of South Danvers, Company I, Light Infantry, Somerville — Captain, George 0. Bras- tow; first lieutenant, William E. Robinson; second lieutenant, Frederic R. Kinsley. Company K, City Guards, Charlestown — Captain, John T. Boyd; first lieutenant, John B. Norton ; second lieutenant, Caleb Drew; third lieutenant, Walter Everett. Reaching Xew York on the evening of the 21st, the regiment went on board the steamers De Soto and Ariel, with Cook's Battery and Dcvcns's Battalion of Riflemen, landing at Annapolis on the morning of the 24th, The day following it started for "Washington, four companies going by rail and the others marching to Annapolis Junction. The national capital was reached on the 26th, and quar- ters were provided for the coniniand in the treasury building. It was mustered into the United States service on the 1st of May, and for a month remained in the city perfecting itself in drill. On the 2oth it was ordered across the Potomac, crossing Long Bridge at midnight and ■encamping on Virginia soil not far from Alexandria. The camp was formed near Shuter'sHill and named Camp Andrew, in honor of the governor of Massachusetts, the regiment then for the first time receiving a national flag. Lieutenant Colonel Greene, Major Keyes and Adjutant Barri left the regiment on the 2otli of June, having been transferi-ed to the regular army, and the vacancies were filled by commission a few days later. Captain Peirson became lieutenant colonel, Ca[)tain 150 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Boyd major, and Lieutenant Chambers adjutant. With the excep- tion of a review by President Lincohi on the 14th of June, nothing of note occurred to the Fifth till the active preparations for the bat- tle of Bull Run began to be made, just as its term of service Avas about expiring. At that time the regiment formed a part of the First Brigade, Third Division, General McDowell's army. Colonel Ilcintzelman commanded the division and Colonel "W. B. Frank- lin the brigade, which in addition to the Fifth comprised the Eleventh Massachusetts, Fourth Pennsylvania and First Minnesota Regiments and Ricketts's Battery I, First United States Artillery. The other brigades of the division were commanded by Colonels 0. B. Willcox and 0. 0. Howard. The order to pack and store surplus baggage and personal prop- erty came on the 13th of July, and on the 16th the regiment broke camp, marched over Shuter Hill and toward Centerville. Sang- stcr's Station on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad Avas reached during the afternoon of the 17th, and in that vicinity the regiment rested till the night of the 20th, Avith no further excitement than an occasional exchange of shots with Confederate skirmishers. Some time after midnight the line of march Avas resumed toward the battle-field. Tlie battle was Avell begun Avhen the brigade came up, so that it went at once into action. The battery for some time maintained a long range fire, supported by the infantry, but was then ordered to an advanced position, Avhere it Avas swept by such a severe infantry fire that the six guns had to be abandoned. Repeated efforts to recapture them Avere made, but the guns could not be brought off, and presently the Union lines broke to the rear in confusion which for a large part of the troops soon be- came a rout. The Fifth had suffered considerable loss, having had nine killed, including the color sergeant ; tAvo Avounded, one of Avhom Avas Colonel Lawrence, Avhile 22 Avere made prisoners. The latter were especially unfortunate, being confined in rebel prisons and only securing exchange more than ten months later — in June, 1862. The regiment retreated to Centerville and thence on to Washington, where, as its time of service had expired, it prepared for an im- mediate return to Massachusetts. Reaching Boston a few days later, it Avas enthusiastically Avelcomed, and on the 29th of July Av;;s mustered out of the United States service. THE FIFTH REGIMENT. IJl THE nine-months' TERM. On the 14th of August, 1862, the call for troops for nine-months' service having been made, the officers of the Fifth voted to tender the services of the regiment for that term. The offer was gladly accepted by the governor, and the command was ordered filled to the max- imum. Only five companies of the old regiment appeared in the new organization, however, and A, C, E, G, and K were recruited and attached to the command. Five of the companies reported at Camp Lander, Wenham, on the 10th of September, 1862, and the last arrived the 20th. The first companies were mustered on the 16th, and the last on the 8th of October, Avhen the field and staff were also included, the roster of officers being as follows : — Colonel, George II. Peirson of Salem; lieutenant colonel, John T. Boyd of Cliarlestown; major, William E. C. Worcester of Marlboro; surgeon, William Ingalls of Winciiester; assistant surgeon, Dixi C. Iloyt of Milford; chaplain, William F. Snow of Somerville; adjutant, William T. Eustis, 3cl, of Cliarlestown ; quartermaster, George A. Norton of Boston; sergeant major, James M. Sliute, Jr., of Somer- ville; quartermaster sergeant, William H. Burbank of Medford; com- missary sergeant, Enocli J. Clark of Cliarlestown; hospital steward, John M. Foster of Salem. Company A, Charlestown — Captain, James F. Green; first lieuten- ant, John McGrath; second lieutenant, James W. Dillon. Company B, Somerville — Captain Benjamin ¥. Parker ; first lieu- tenant, Walter C. Bailey; second lieutenant, John Harrington. Company C, South Danvers — Captain, Kobert S. Daniels; first lieu- tenant, George F. Barnes; second lieutenant, William L. Thompson. Company D, Charlestown — Captain, Thomas F. Howard; first lieu- tenant, George H. Harden, Jr.; second lieutenant, Charles P. Whittle. Company E — Captain, John Kent; first lieutenant, George Myrick, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Andrew J. Holbrookof Cambndge. Company F, Medford — Captain, Charles Currier; first lieutenant, Alfred Haskell; second lieutenant, Elisha N. Pierce. Company G, Woburn — Captain, William T. Gramnier; first lieuten- ant, Charles S. Converse; second lieutenant, William A. Colegate. Coini)auy H, Charlestown — Ca])tain, Ca'leb Drew; first lieutenant, Walter Everett; second lieutenant, Daniel W. Davis. Company I — Ca]itain. Charles B. Newton; first lieutenant, Andrew A. Powers, Ijothof Bolton; second lieutenant, William S.Frost of Marlboro. Company K — Captain, Jose]ih Crafts of Watertown; first lieuten- ant, Florence C. Crowley of Waltham; second lieutenant, Ira J. Osborne of Watertown. Orders were received on the 3d of October for the regiment to prepare for active service in the department of North Carolina, 152 ^fASSACHUSETTS JX THE WAR. under General Foster ; but it was not till the 21st that the horses and basTgao'C were sent forward to Boston for shij)mcnt, the regiment following the next day and after a parade through the streets going on board the steamer Mississippi for the voyage by sea. This was without incident, Beaufort being reached on the 20th and the regi- ment debarking at the Morehead City wharf the following day, whence cars were taken to Newbern. The Fifth went into camp in tents already pitched for them by the Twenty-fifth Regiment, and became a part of Colonel Horace C. Lee's Brigade. Orders were received on the 29th for the regiment to take part in an expedition into the interior ; its arms and equipments were brought up from Morehead City, where they had been left, and the command was ready to take its place in the column on the morning of the 30th. Embarking on transports, the regiment went to Washington, N. C, which was reached the 31st, and there it waited, till the 2d of November for the arrival of that portion of the ex- pedition which came overland. The column then, under the com- mand of General Foster in person, took up the march toward Will- iamston, encountering muddy roads and stormy weather, but meet- ing with no serious opposition from the enemy, the regiment reoc- cupying its camp at Newbern on the 13th after marching 160 miles. The brigade Avas reorganized on the 22d of November to consist of the Fifth, Twenty-seventh and Forty sixth Massachusetts and Ninth New Jersey Regiments, the latter being exchanged late in December for the Twenty-fifth Massachusetts, — Colonel Lee continu- ing in command. After four weeks of diligent drill and camp duty the regiment again heard the orders to prepare for a march, and on the morning of December 10 fell in as a part of the " Golds- boro expedition." The regiment formed the left of the column, where as guard of the wagon train its duty was very trying, the roads being in horrible condition. On the 14th, during the battle of Kinston, the regiment was divided into several detachments of from one to three companies each, guarding the a])proachcs to the trains by the several roads, and various skirmishes were had with the Confederate cavalry, in all of which the latter were repulsed. Rejoining the main column next morning the regiment marched 23 miles, halting within four miles of Whitehall, where next day an engagement was fought. Lee's J3rigade was af first in reserve, but later in the fight was moved to the front, where the Fifth had THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 168 three men wounded. Continuinf^- the march after the affair ended, the regiment bivouacked within some eiglit miles of (ioldsboro, rested for the ni,i>-ht and early the followini>' morning was again on. the road, the brigade leading the cohunn. The railroad was reached about noon, and the bridge across the Neuse River was soon de- stroyed, as were the railroad track and the telegraph wires. Com- pany D was on the skirmish line during the work of destruction, while Company H served as guard for the working parties. The object of the expedition being accomplished in the burning of the bridge, the column began its retreat, Lee's Brigade forming the rear guard. After the other troops were well off the tield, the Con- federates, having received reinforcements, made a sharj) attack upon Colonel Lee's command. The Fifth were placed in support of 13el- ger's Battery, losing five men wounded, and forming the rear guard of the column as it finally left the field. Camp was reached on the 21st, the regiment having marched about 180 miles during its absence and taken part in three engagements, the names of which were ordered inscribed on its banners. The regiment was directed on the 21st of January, 1863, to fortify its camp, and large details worked daily for two weeks in the con- struction of a magnilicent earth-work which received the name of Fort Feirson, in compliment to Colonel Peirson, under whose direc- tion it had been constructed. On the 21st of February C()m])any Cr was detailed as garrison for Forts Ilatteras and Clark at Hattcras Inlet, Avhere it remained till the return of the regiment to Massa- chusetts ; Company D was at the same time ordered to Plymouth for garrison duty, from which it returned May 4. The appearance of the enemy in considerable force at Deep Gully, eight miles from Newbern, on the 13th of March called out Lee's Brigade with two batteries, the whole under command of General Palmer. The force marched some seven miles after dusk, l)ivouack- ing without fires and resuming the movement next morning. k>kir- mishing had just commenced when intelligence was received that the real attack was being delivered against Newbern itself, and the column with the exception of a regiment or two was ordered back. Returning to camp, the Fifth remained under arms till the enemy retired on the evening of the loth. Another period of inaction then followed, lasting till the 4th of April, when the regiment was ordered on board transixji'l:;, with 154 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. other commands destined for the relief of General Foster, who with a very small force was besieged at Little AVashington. On reaching HilTs Point on the Pamlico River, a few miles short of their desti- nation, the expedition found the Confederate intrenchments so strong that they were obliged to retire, the Fifth returning to their camp at Newbern on the morning of the 7th. The next day the regiment joined an expedition overland with the same destination, under command of General Spinola; but on the afternoon of the 9th, at Blount's Creek, 21 miles from Newbern, the enemy was found strongly intrenched, with such perfect command of all pos- sible approaches that this expedition likewise faced about and on the night of the 10th re-entered the camps at Newbern. A garrison flag was raised over Fort Peirson on the 16th, the oc- casion being made a holiday by the regiment, and next morning the expedition overland again set out for Washington. This time the fortifications at Blount's Creek were found to be deserted, and as the Federal column advanced the foe retired, falling back to Greenville. The reinforcements entered Washington the 20th, Com- pany B of the Fifth being detailed to picket the Greenville road. The stay at Washington was brief, however, for the regiment em- barked on the steamer Escort the 22d and that evening was again sheltered within the works of Fort Peirson. Another expedition, of which the Fifth formed a part, set out toward Kinston on the 27th, under command of General Palmer. Going to Baclielder's Creek by cars, the command marched 12 miles further that night, halting at Core Creek, where the Fifth remained for two days jjicket- ing the roads in the vicinity. Colonel Peirson was then ordered to reconnoiter the enemy's position at Moscly Creek, started on the morning of the 30th with his regiment, and had marched ten miles when his skirmishers encountered and drove in the Confederate out- posts. The hostile intrenchments Avere found to be located in a strong position in Gum Swamp, and after satisfying himself that the works were well manned he returned to the rendezvous, having marched 24 miles over very bad roads and conducted a successful reconnaissance, for which he received the thanks of the general commanding. Tlie cx])edition returned to Newbern by rail the following day, and three weeks later the brigade, accompanied by three pieces of nrtilleiy and three companies of cavalry, all under command of THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 155 General Palmer, set out fur the capture of the works which Colonel Peh'son had located. The enterprise Avas highly successful. At Core Creek the coninuind was divided, the Fifth, Twenty-fifth and Forty -sixth Regiments moving directly toward the hostile posi- tion, while the Twenty-seventh with the Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania took a circuitous route to gain the rear of the works. Finding themselves attacked in front and rear the Confederates fled, leav- ing 200 prisoners, 500 stands of arms and all the camp eciuipage and belongings. After leveling the fortifications the column started on its return, when it was fired on by reinforcements from Kins- ton ; but the latter were driven back by the Federal artillery, and though followed at a respectful distance by the enemy, the regi- ment reached Core Creek at half-past 10 that night — the 23d of May — returning to Ncwbern next day. Thus creditably ended the last expedition in which the Fifth had a share, various details and duties occupying its attention there- after till its term of service expired. Orders were received on the 20th of Juno to set out for Boston two days later, and early in the morning of the 22d the command, after inspection, received a very flattering farewell address by the brigade commander. Colonel Lee, when it proceeded by cars and transport to Morehead City, where it embarked on the steamer Guide for Boston. Reaching the Harbor late in the afternoon of the 25th, the sol- diers remained aboard the transport during the night, debarking at Battery Wharf the following day and receiving an enthusiastic re- ception both in Boston and Charlestown, after which the companies were dismissed to their several towns. On the 1st of July the regi- ment mustered again at Camp Lander, and on the following day was released from the United States service by Lieutenant McKibben. THE ONE HUNDRED DAYS' TERM. With other militia regiments of the state, the Fifth responded at once to the call to take the field for 100 days in the autumn of 1864. During the year that had passed from the time of its return from North Carolina many changes had occurred in the make-up of the command. Colonel Peirson being the only officer retaining the rank of a year before, and several of the companies were entirely differ- ent, though the spirit was the same. The comi)anies were mustered in on various dates from the IGth to the 27th of July, th(^ Held and 156 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. staff on the 28th, and the same day camp was broken and the regi- ment started for Washington, 938 strong, officered thus : — Colonel, George H. Peirson of Salem ; lieutenant colonel, William E. C.Worcester of Marlboro; major, William T. Grammerof Woburn; surgeon, Joshua B. Tread well; assistant surgeon, George H. Jones, botli of Boston; adjutant, Edwin F. Wyer of Woburn; quartermas- ter, Charles Currier of Medford ; sergeant major, William H, Hurd of Stoneham; quartermaster sergeant, Daniel W. Lawrence of Med- ford; commissary sergeant, Thomas T. Ferguson of Woburn; hospital steward, M. Augustus Fuller of Boston. Comi)any A — Captain George H. Homer; first lieutenant, Charles L. Craibe. Jr., both of Boston; second lieutenant, Edward P. Jackson of Lowell. Company B, Somerville — Captain John N. Coffin; first lieutenant, Charles T. Robinson; second lieutenant, Granville W. Daniels. Company C — Captain, George F. l^arnes of South Danvcrs ; first lieut.nant, William L. Thompson of Lawrence ; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Southwick of South Danvers, Company D, Charlestown — Captain, George H. Marden, Jr.; first lieutenant, Charles P. Whittle; second lieutenant, George W. Kilham. Company E, Marlboro — Captain, David L. Brown; first lieutenant, George L. Crosby; second lieutenant, William B. Eice. Company F, Boston — Captain, Philip J. Cootey ; first lieutenant, William C. GofE; second lieutenant, Walter S. Fowler. Company G, Woburn — Captain, Charles S. Converse; first lieuten- ant, Charles E. Fuller; second lieutenant, Montrcssor Seeley. Company H, Charlestown — Captain, Daniel W. Davis; first lieuten- ant, William Spaulding; second lieutenant, Andrew J. Bailey. Company I — Captain, Andrew A. Powers .of Bolton; first lieuten- ant, William S. Frost; second lieutenant, Luther H. Farnsworth, both of IMarlljoro. Company K, Stoneham — Captain, Francis M. Sweetser; first lieu- tenant, Marshall P. Sweetser; second lieutenant, Moses Downs, Jr. On reaching Baltimore the regiment went into camp four miles from the city, but was soon ordered to Fort IMcHenry, then under command of (Jencral Morris. Later Colonel Peirson with three of the companies for a garrison took command of Fort Marshall, and a. detachment under Lieutenant Colonel Worcester was posted at Federal Ilill in Baltimore. Other companies and detachments were on duty at various points, and during the autumn elections most of the regiment was distributed at such places in Eastern IVIaryland as feared trouble at the polls. On the 1st of November the command prepared to return to Massachusetts. Boston was reached on the 7th, and tlu; muster-out took ])lace at Readville on the ItUh. THE SIXTH REGIMENT. THE Sixth Regiment of Militia became by the force of circum- stances the most famous organization called to the defense of the national government. The first, it is believed, to offer its services in case of their need, and prompt in response when the call came, it was the first to shed its blood and give of its lives, and it was the first command armed and equipped for active service to reach the national ca))ital when that city was cut oft" from communica- tion with the loyal nation and surrounded by enemies of the gov- ernment. At a meeting of its officers at Lowell January 21, 18G1, a reso- lution was unanimously adopted tendering the services of the com- mand to the governor if they sliould be needed, and on the loth of April following the demand came. The members of the Sixth were scattered in four counties, yet such was the energy displayed that most of them Avere at head-quarters at Lowell early the follow- ing morning, and the others were but a few hours behind. During Ihc IGth the eight companies constituting the original regiment went to Boston by rail ; they were enthusiastically received and escorteil to Fancuil and Boylston Halls where they remained that night. (Joing to the State House next day they exchanged their old style muskets for the rified and were presented with a stand of colors by Governor Andrew. Companies from Worcester, Stone- ham and Boston were attached to the command, the organization and the roster of office is being as follows : — Colonel, Edward F. Jones of Pepperell ; major, Benjamin F. Wat- son of Lawrence; surgeon, Norman Smith of Groton; assistant sur- geon, Jansen T. I'aine of Charlcstown; chaplain, Charles Babbidge of Pepperell ; adjutant. Alpha B. Farr of Lowell ; quartermaster, James Monroe of Cambridge; i)ayuuister, Rufus L. Plaistcd of Lowell: sergeant major, Samuel W. Sha'ttuck of Groton; quartermaster ser- geant, Church Howe of Worcester; commissary sergeant, John Dupee 158 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. of Boston; drum major, Frederick K. Stafford of Lowell; hospital steward, from May 7, William H. Gray of Acton. Company A, Lowell — Captain, Josiali A. Sawtell; first lieutenant, Andrew J. Johnson; second lieutenant, Andrew C. Wright. Company B, Groton — Captain, Eusebius S. Clark; third lieutenant, George F. Shattuck. Company C, Lowell — Captain, Albert S. Follansbee; first lieutenant, Samuel D, Shiiiley; second lieutenant, John (J. Je]ison. Company D, Lowell — Captain, James \V. Hart; first lieutenant, Charles K. Jones; second lieutenant, Samuel C. Pinney; third lieu- tenant, Lewellyn L. Craig. Company E, Acton — Captain, Daniel Tuttle; first lieutenant, Will- iam H. Chapman; second lieutenant, George W. Eand; third lieuten- ant, Silas P. Blodgett; fourth lieutenant, Aaron S. Fletcher. Company F, Lawrence — Captain, Benjamin F. Chadbourne; second lieutenant, Melvin Beal; third lieutenant, Thomas J. Cate; fourth lieutenant, Jesse C. Silver of Methuen. Company H, Lowell — Captain, John F. Xoyes; first lieutenant, George E. Davis; second lieutenant, Andrew F. Jewett; third lieuten- ant, Benjamin Warren. Company I, Lawrence^Captain, John Pickering; first lieutenant, Daniel S. Yeaton; second lieutenant, A. Lawrence Hamilton; third lieutenant, Eben H. Ellenwood; fourth lieutenant, Eugene J. Mason. Company K, Boston — Captain, AValter S. Sampson; first lieuten- ant, Ansel D. Wass; second lieutenant, Moses J. Emery; third lieu- tenant, Thomas Wallwork; fourth lieutenant, John F. Dunning. Company L, Stoneham — Captain, John H. Dike; first lieutenant, Leandor F. Lynde; second lieutenant, Darius N. Stevens; third lieu- tenant, James F. Eowe; fourth lieutenant, William H. Blaisdell of Lynn. Company B, Third Battalion. Worcester — Captain, Harrison W. Pratt; first lieutenant, George W. Prouty: second lieutenant, Thomas S. Washburn; third lieutenant, Joseph W. Denny; fourth lieutenant. Dexter F. Parker. The regiment, accompanied by a band, left Boston for Washing- ton by rail direct, going by way of New York and Philadelphia, the streets being everywhere packed with enthusiastic, cheering multitudes. At the latter city the officers were quartered at the Continental Hotel and the men at the new and unoccupied Girard House, on the evening of the 18th ; but before quiet had fairly set- tled over the scene the long roll sounded and at 1 o'clock on the morning of the 19th the journey was resumed. Colonel Jones had information that the passage of his command through Baltimore would be opposed, and he jiushed forward at once, the train bearing the regiment being preceded l)y a i)ilot engine to guard against interference with the track by evil disi)osed i)crsons. THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 159 Baltimore was reached at 10 o'clock on the 19th, the regiment having been fnrnished with 20 rounds of ball cartridge and having loaded and capped their pieces. It was intended to march the regi- ment across the city between the depots, but the method of handling the cars was not understood by Colonel Jones, and as soon as the train stopped horses were attached and the cars started for the "Washington depot. Seven companies passed without serious in- cident, only the rearmost — K — being seriously assaulted. Four of its men Averc wounded and their comrades fired from the car win- dows upon the mob. By this time the track was obstructed and torn up so that the cars containing the remaining four conijjanies — C, I, L and D- — could not be moved. The detachment debarked from the cars and under command of Captain Follansbee marched across the city, being for much of the distance compelled to fight its way through an infuriated mob of many thousands. Four of the soldiers were killed in the melee — Addison 0. Whit- ney, Luther C. Ladd and Charles A. Taylor of Company D, and Sumner H. Needham of Company I — and 36 were wounded. Cap- tain l)ike was shot through the thigh and took shelter in a Balti- more hotel ; Lieutenants Lynde and Rowe were also wounded. Shutting themselves closely into the cars the regiment were finally drawn from the depot and reached Washington that evening with- out further adventure, Init minus the l^and, which had been set upon by the mob and dispersed, losing instruments, music and extra clothing. Under police protection the musicians finally took the cars back to Massachusetts. Some unarmed Pennsylvania troops, following the Sixth, also turned back without attempting to pass through the city. At Washington the regiment received a most cordial greeting from the friends of the national government. It was quartered in the Senate chamber, where officers and men slept on their arms, in readiness for any duty to which they might be called. The com- mand was mustered into the United States service on the 22d, and during the early part of May some changes occurred in the roster of officers ; Major Watson was made lieutenant colonel. Captain Sawtell of Company A becoming major. Several changes also oc- curred in the company officers, though the organization was not changed to the United States standard. In drilling, building ovens, making preparations for a siege in case one should ensue, with an 160 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. occasional parade through the streets, to show to the spies and se- cession sympathizers in the city that the government was no longer defenseless, the time was passed till the 5th of May. Other troops had now arrived at Washington, and the Sixth re- ported to General Butler at Relay House, near Baltimore, pitching their camp on Elk Ridge Eights. When on the 13th General But- ler decided to occupy Baltimore, the Sixth Regiment was with poetic justice selected to form a part of the column of occupation. Accompanied by a part of the Eighth Regiment and Cook's Light Battery, the Sixth went on board cars, moving at first away from Baltimore ; but presently the train was backed down to the city, and in the darkness of a stormy evening the column marched to Federal .Hill almost unobserved. The presence of the force proved a check on traitorous designs ; arms intended for the secessionists were seized, and the authority of the national government was firmly established. Having aided in this important work, the command returned to Relay House on the 16th, and was thenceforth principally engaged in guarding the railroad in that vicinity, a detachment soon after capturing the notorious Ross Winans. During the brief period of its service the regiment was at four times ])resented with colors and banners — the first occasion being when it left Massachusetts. New Jersey friends gave a stand of colors on the 29th of May ; the ladies of New York sent a banner on the 21st of June, and on the 4th of July the loyal citizens of Baltimore gave a Union flag of especial magnificence. On the 13th of June the Sixth, with the Thirteenth New York and Cook's Battery, went to the city to prevent interference at the polls during an election, but no disturbance occurred. They were again summoned from Relay House to the city on the 26th, en- camping on Mount Clare and in the vicinity till the 1st of July. Returning then to Relay House, they remained till the expira- tion of their term of service. Owing to the Federal defeat at Bull Run on the day previous, the command was asked by General Banks to remain for a few days longer, and all but about 20 did so. Be- fore l)rcaking camp the regiment received a finely engrossed copy of a vote of thanks passed by the House of Representatives at Washington. The camp at Relay was broken on the 29th, and Boston was THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 161 rcachcil the 1st of Aiitrust. The following day the regiment was inusteri'd out of the United States service by Colonel Amory and the com})anies separated to their respective homes. THE nine-months' TERM. With the other Massachusetts militia regiments, the Sixth re- sponded at once and must heartily to the call for troops for nine- months' service in the summer of 1862 ; displaying its customary energy in preparation, it was again the first under the call to report at Washington for duty. The rendezvous of the regiment was Camp Henry Wilson at Lowell, where it was recruited to the maxi- mum reciuircd. Seven of the companies were the same that had gone forth the previous year, the organization being completed by the addition of Companies F, G- and K. During the year many changes had taken place in the personnel of the command, as will be observed from the roster of the officers in charge of the regiment at its second muster, as follows : — Colonel, Albert S. Follansbee of Lowell ; lieutenant colonel, Melvin Beal of Lawrence; major, Charles A. Stott; surgeon, Walter Burn- ham, both of Lowell; assistant surgeon, Otis M. Humphrey of Natick; chaplain, John W. Hanson of Haverhill; adjutant, Thomas 0. Allen; (|uartermaster, William G. Wise ; sergeant major, William F. Lovrien, all of Lowell ; quartermaster sergeant, Oliver P. Swift of Boston; commissary sergeant, Charles H. Coburn; hospital steward. Frank J. Millikeu; principal musician, Elisha L. Davis, all of Lowell. Company A, Lowell — Captam, Andrew C. Wright; first lieutenant, Enoch J. Foster; second lieutenant, Alfred J. Hall. Company B, Groton — Captain, George F. Shattuck; first lieutenant, Samuel G. Blood ; second lieutenant, Edward D. Sawtell. Company C, Lowell — Captain, John C. Jepson; first lieutenant, John W. liadley ; second lieutenant, Isaac N. Marshall. Company D, Lowell — Captain, James W. Hart ; first lieutenant, Samuel C. Pinney; second lieutenant, Hiram C. Muzzey. Company E, Acton — Captain, Aaron C. Haudley; iirst lieutenant, Aaron S.. Fletcher; second lieutenant, George W. Kand. Company F, Cambridge — Captain, John S. Sawyer; first lieutenant, Theodore Collamore; second lieutenant, Lowell Ellison. Company G, Lowell — Captain, George L. Cady ; first lieutenant, Selwyn E. Bickford; second lieutenant, Alfred H. Pulsifer. Company H, Lowell — Captain, Rodney C. Person; first lieutenant, Charles E. Poor; second lieutenant, Albert Pinder. Company I, Lawrence — Captain, Augustine L. Hamilton: first lieu- tenant, Eben H. Elleuwood ; second lieutenant, Eubert G. Barr. 162 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company K — Captain, Charles E. A. Bartlett of Boston; first lieu- tenant, William F. Wood of Acton; second lieutenant, Shapley Mor- gan of Dracut. Nine of the companies -^ere mustered on the 31st of August, the field and staff on the 4th of September, and Company F on the 8th. The day following camp was broken, the regiment proceeding to and through Boston without a stop, and taking cars to Groton, Ct., whence the steamer Plymouth Rock conveyed it to New York. Everywhere along the route, a great ovation was received, in which even Baltimore enthusiastically joined. Washington was reached on the 12th, and Colonel FoUansbee on reporting to General Casey was directed to proceed with his command to Fortress Monroe. Embarking on the steamers John A. Warner and Swan, the regi- ment left the national capital the 13th and reached the Fortress the same day. On reporting to General Dix, the Sixth were supplied with tents and field equipage and directed to Suffolk, 23 miles dis- tant, where they arrived on the 15th and reported to General 0. S. Ferry in command of the post. Camp was pitched in an orchard in the vicinity and the regiment was no sooner settled than it Avas called upon for fatigue parties to work on intrcnchments and forti- licntion.s in the neighborhood. During the night of the 17th the regiment was called up and furnished with ammunition and a few hours later formed line of battle to meet an expected assault, but it was not till several days later that the sounds of distant skirmishing were heard. General John J. Peck arrived on the 24tli and to^ok command of the post, the Sixth being on the same day brigaded with the Thirteenth Indi- ana, One Hundred and Twelfth and One Hundred and Thirtieth New York Regiments, under command of Colonel Robert S. Foster of the Thirteenth. The camp was moved next day to a more suita- ble location, and for some time the round of camp, picket and fatigue duty was only broken by a few eventless expeditions, the first of which occurred on the 3d of October, when the regiment inarched to Windsor, some ten miles out, in support of a mounted force which was feeling for the enemy, but none was found and camp was reached on the return some 20 hours after it was left. A larger force, of which the Sixth formed a part, made a longer expedition on the 24th, jienetrating to the Blackwater river, some 20 miles from Sufl'olk, and skirmishing slightly. THE SIXTH REGIMENT. IGO About the first of November a consi(leral)le detail was made from the regiment for service as heavy artillerists in the forts about Suf- folk, in which position the men remained till the end of their term. Much sickness prevailed in the command at that time, the weather being very disagreeable ; a considerable fall of snow on the 7th l)riuping a sharp realization of the New England weather and ex- tending over the whole of Virginia. Another expedition toward the Blackwater occurred on the ITtli, demonstrations made against the federal outposts at Providence Church leading to a suspicion that the Confederate strength thereabout had been increased. The Sixth formed the right of the infantry column, and on reaching the Blackwater, 30 miles from Suffolk, found the enemy on the opposite shore, and some firing across the stream took place, the regiment supporting the artillery. After the Confederates had been driven back Company H crossed tlie river, but the Union main body could not follow on account of damage to the ponton boat, so that the column was ordered down the river to near Franklin, where the Sixth again supported the artillery during a sharp skirmish. This ended, the regiment returned to camp with no other loss than the capture of two stragglers. It being reported that the enemy were intrenching at Beaver Dam Church, an expedition was sent thither on the 1st of Decem- ber, of which the Sixth formed a part, the whole under command of Colonel Spear of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry — a native of Massachusetts. The foe was not found in force, but the cavalry by a sharp dash captured some 20 prisoners and two guns of the Rocket Battery which had been taken from the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula. With these trophies the column re- turned to Suffolk, and five days later the Sixth changed their camp to the ground vacated by Wessells' brigade. The new location was marshy, but the regiment at once set about its improvement, and soon had quite comfortable quarters, — named "Camj) Misery" — in which they remained during their further stay at Suffolk. Another expedition toward the Blackwater set out December 11, striking the river near Zuni,and a fight across the stream followed. Company I of the Sixth was detailed as skirmishers, while the rest of the regiment supported the artillery, and had scarcely reached the skirmish line when Second Lieutenant Barr was shot through the heart — the first member of the reo'iment killed in liattle. No 164 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. other casualty occurred during the engagement, and after the enemy had been driven back, the cohimn returned on the 13th to camp. While General Peck guarded the approaches to Suffolk with great vigilance, and sent out frequent reconnaissances, the Sixth were not again called upon till the 29th of January, 1863, when they set forth at midnight forming part of a force of 4,300 under General Corcoran to disperse a detachment of Confederates under General Pryor at Deserted House, some ten miles out on the Carsville road. The outposts Avere encountered before daylight and a sharp engage- ment began, the regiment supporting the Seventh lyiassachusetts Bat- tery in an exposed position. Only the skillful I^andling of the regi- ment saved it from severe loss. The enemy were repeatedly driven from advantageous positions, falling back at first about a mile and then for eight miles before attempting the third stand, finally retir- ing across the Blackwater. The loss of the Sixth was five killed or mortally wounded, including Second Lieutenant E. D, Sawtell, and seven others were wounded. Camp was reached on the return within 24 hours from the time of leaving, during which the regiment had marched almost 40 miles and been engaged in three distinct fights. During February and j\rarch the abundant mud prevented military operations, and early in April the regiment was ordered in readiness to leave Suffolk at once ; the log huts had even been dismantled, when news of the approach of Longstreet was received ; the orders were countermanded, non-combatants were ordered out of camp, and preparations made for the threatened siege. The federal out- posts were driven in on the 11th of April, and from that time for- ward the siege went steadily on, no engagements of moment occur- ring, but an incessant skirmishing keeping all the forces at the front on the alert. The Sixth occupied the right of the Union line, three of the companies garrisoning Fort Nansemond till the arrival of the Hawkins Zouaves. The pits and fortifications com- manding the n))proach to Suffolk by way of the Somcrton road were occu])iod by five regiments of infantry, including the Sixth, and the Seventh Battery, all under command of Colonel Follansbee. On the 24th a reconnaissance was made on the Somcrton road in sup- port of another by a different route, more than half of the regiment •taking part and having one man wounded. Two or three others were wounded on succeeding days by sharpshooters. After 22 days of resultless siege operations, General Longstreet THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 165 was recalled to the assistance of his chief, General Lee, who with the main part of tlie Army of Northern Virginia was fighting the battle of Chanccllorsville, and on the 3d of May it was evident that the siege was being abandoned. Pursuit was at once made by the federal soldiers, the Sixth starting out by way of the Somcrton road on the 4th. The regiment made a rapid march of 12 miles, pick- ing up a good many deserters and stragglers, but finding that the main force was avcU out of reach toward Fredericksburg. Another expedition set out over the familiar roads toward the Blackwater on the 13th, Colonel Foster having command of the movement and Colonel Follansbee of the brigade. Carsville was reached about daylight of the 14th, and the troops were disposed so as to protect workmen engaged in tearing up the railroad ; but the enemy soon sent in an artillery fire which drove the laborers to .safer quarters. The regiment was not engaged early in the day, but after noon it was sent to the front and took position near Cars- ville, where it lay in line of battle that night in a soaking rain- storm.' Next morning Companies A and F were sent out to strengthen the picket line, other companies following from time to time during the day till nearly the entire regiment was thus scat- tered through the woods, a determined firing, with occasional ad- vances and retreats on both sides, continuing all day. Late in the afternoon the regiment was returned to the reserve, having suffered a loss of five killed or mortally wounded, 11 less seriously hurt, and seven unwounded made prisoners. The enemy retired across the Blackwater during the night of the 16tli and on the night of the 18th the federal column fell back to Deserted House, Avhere the Sixth encam|)ed on the ground over which they had fought on the 30th of January. There General Cor- coran took command of the force. Colonel Foster being ill, and on the 20th the Sixth Avere ordered to Windsor, where the railroad was being destroyed. The regiment remained in support of Howard's Battery until the 23d, when it was relieved and returned to Suffolk, and having received oflticial compliments from General Peck and Colonel Foster for its faithful services, it was directed to prepare for muster out. Leaving Suffolk on the 26th and taking the steamer S. R. Spaulding, it landed at Boston on the 29th and went at once to Lowell. Re-assembling on the 3d of June, it was formally dis- missed from its second period of service. 166 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAIi. THE ONE HUNDRED DAYS' TERM. Under a call from the secretary of war early in July, 1864, the Sixth Regiment again took its place in camp to prepare for active service, this time for a period of 100 days. The rendezvous was at Readville, and as the companies gathered they were mustered in. Company K on the 14th being the first, and Company E on the 19th the last. The field and staff were mustered on the 17th, and the term of service dated from the 20th, when the command left for Washington. The roster of field and staff officers was much the same as in 1862, the changes in staff being as follows : — Assistant surgeon, William Bass; quartermaster, William E. Farrar; sergeant major, Samuel W. Grimes; quartermaster sergeant, William H. Spalding; commissary sergeant, Oxford K. Blood; hospital steward, Henry S. AVoods, all of Lowell. Company A, Boston — Captain, Joseph M. Coombs; first lieutenant, Moses Briggs; second lieutenant, George A. Chipman. Company B — Captain, George F. Shattuck of Groton; first lieuten- ant, Joseph A. Bacon of Harvard; second lieutenant, William T. Childs of Groton. Company C, Lowell — Captain, Benjamin F. Goddard; first lieuten- ant, Wilham B. McCurdy; second lieutenant, John A. Eichardson. Company D — Same as 1862. Company E, Acton — Captain, Frank H. Whitcomb; first lieuten- ant, George W. Knights; second lieutenant, Isaiah Hutchins. Company F, Boston — Captain, Henry W. Wilson; first lieutenant, Edmund C. Colman; second lieutenant, Richard J. Fennelly. Company G, Lowell — Captain, Nathan Taylor; first lieutenant, Charles H. Bassett; second lieutenant, Paul Paulus. Company M — Captam, Moses E. Ware of Roxl)ury; first lieutenant, George L. Tripp of Boston; second lieutenant, Albert A. Chittenden of Chelsea. Company I — Captain, Edward H. Staten of Salem; first lieutenant, Joseph H. Gliddcn of Salem; second lieutenant, George M. Crowell of Dan vers. Company K, Lawrence — Captain, Edgar J. Sberman; first lieuten- ant, Moulton Batchelder; second lieutenant, John D. Emerson. The office of major being vacant. Adjutant Thomas (). Allen was elected and commissioned August 1, Lieutenant Colman of Com- pany F becoming adjutant and his place in turn being filled by the commissioning of First Sergeant Archelaus N. Leman. The regi- ment, with the others under the call, being intended to perform simjile garrison duty till the arrival of more permanent troojis, found tlie routine comparatively dull and eventless. Going by way THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 167 of Groton, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore — again receiv- ing at the latter place an enthusiastic welcome — it reached Wash- ington on the 22d and next day reported to General De Russey at Fort Corcoran, Avho assigned the regiment a position in the rear of Fort C. F. Smith on Arlington Hights, about a mile from Aqueduct Bridge. There it remained without notable experience till the 21st of August, Avlicn three days' rations were drawn and the command made its way homeward as far as Philadelphia, going thence about 40 miles down the Delaware river to Fort Delaware on Pea Patch Island, where it relieved the One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Ohio Regiment from guard duty over the 7,000 Confederate jirisoncrs of war held there. General Alban Schoepf , a loyal Marylander and a good officer, commanded the post, and the location of the regiment was very comfortable, most of the married otticers being accom- panied by their families, and the duties of the men being varied and sufficient to give the needed exercise. The Sixth were relieved by a Delaware regiment on the 19th of October, and set out for home by way of Philadelphia and New York, reaching Boston on the 21st. The men were then furloughed till the 24th, when the command gathered at Readville and on the 27th was for the third time honorably mustered out of the national service. THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. THE Seventh Regiment Avas among- the first of the three-years organizations, being composed ahnost entirely of Bristol County men recruited through the efforts of its first colonel, Darius N. Couch. Its rendezvmis was Camp Old Colony at Taun- ton, where on the 15th of June, 1861, its ten companies were mus- tered into the United States service for three years, the officers being as follows : — Colonel, Darius N. Couch of Taunton; lieutenant colonel, Chester W. Green of Fall Kiver; major, I 'avid E. Holman of Attleboro ; sur- geon, S. Atherton Holman of Boston ; assistant surgeon, Z. Boylston Adams of Boston; adjutant, Othoniel Gilmore of Raynham; quarter- master, Daniel Edson, Jr., of Digliton; sergeant major, Edward L. Langford of Fall River ; quartermaster sergeant. Dan Packard of Abington; commissary sergeant, John B. Burt of Fall River; hospital steward, Horace B. Sherman of Boston; principal musicians, Robert Sheelian of Fall River and Thomas Dolan of Taunton ; leader of band, Zadoc Thompson, Jr., of Halifax. Company A, Fall River — Ca]>tain, David H. Dyer; first lieutenant Jesse F. Eddy; second lieutenant, Wdliam H. Nye. Company B, Fall River — Cajjtain, John Cashing; first lieutenant, Jesse D. Bullock; second lieutenant, George W. Gilford. Company C — Captain, Charles T. Robinson; first lieutenant, Edgar Robinson, both of Raynham; second lieutenant, George F. Holman of Cambridge. Company D, Taunton — Captain, Joseph B. Leonard ; first lieuten- ant, William B. Stall ; second lieutenant, William M. Hale. Company E — Captain, Horace Fox of Boston; first lieutenant, Hiram A. Oakman of Marsh field ; second lieutenant, William W. Carsley of Dorchester. Company F. Taunton — Captain, Zeba F. Bliss ; first lieutenant, James M. Lincoln; second lieutenant, James R. Matthewson. Company G, Easton — Caj^tain, Ward L. Foster; first lieutenant, Augustus W. Lothrop; second lieutenant, Mnnroe F. Williams. Company H — Ca])tain, John P. Whitcomb of Mansfield: first lieu- tenant, John W. Rogers of Marslifield; second lieutenant, William F. White of Mansfield. THE SEVENTH EEGIMEXT. 109 Company I, Attlel)oro — Captain, John F. Ashley: first lieutenant, AVilliam W. Fisher; second lieutenant, Charles B. De-sjardines. Company K, Abington — Captain, Franklin P. Harlow ; first lieu- tenant, George W. Reed ; second lieutenant, Abijali L. Mayhew. The regiment remained in camp at Taunton till the 11th of July, when it set out for Washington, reaching the capital on the loth and going into camp at Kalorama Ilights, Georgetown, near Meri- dian Hill, some 2 1-2 miles from the Capitol. There it remained till the Gth of August, when it marched out of the city some four or live miles l)y the Seventh Street road and went into permanent camp, being brigaded with the Tenth Massachusetts, Second Rhode Island and Thirty-sixth New York. Colonel Couch, who on the 4th of September was commissioned a brigadier general of volun- teers, took command of the brigade, which Avith two others, under General L. P. Graham and General John J. Peck, formed soon after, constituted General Don Carlos Buell's Division. The camp of the brigade was known as Rrightwood, and was occupied without notable event till the following spring. Large details from the regiment almost immediately began the construction of a strong earthwork neaV the camp, at first known as Fort Massachusetts but later named Fort Stevens, in honor of General Isaac I. Stevens. The encampment at Brightwood saw many changes among the officers of the Seventh. Following the promotion of Colonel Couch, the regiment was commanded by Colonel Nelson H. Davis, j)ro- moted from the regular ai-my, in which he held a commission as captain in the Second Regiment. Colonel Davis vacated the colonelcy on the 18th of November, being promoted in the regular service and entering the insi)ector general's department. He was succeeded in the command of the Seventh by Colonel Joseph Whec- lock of Boston, who retained the command some two months, re- signing on the 30th of January, 1862. Captain David A. Russell of the Eighth United States Infantry succeeded him, being com- missioned colonel of the Seventh from the 31st of Januarv and ])roving one of the ablest officers in the service. Lieutenant Colonel Green resigned November 22, and the vacancy was filled by the commissioning of Charles Raymond of Plymouth. ^Major Holman, who was 55 years of age, resigned on the 1st of August, being succeeded by Captain Franklin P. ]Iarlow. Several of the line officers, including Captains Dyer, Gushing, Robinson, Fox and 170 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. Ashley, resigned before the close of November. These vacancies were filled by promotion from the lower grades in regular order, which it will be observed had not been the case in filling vacancies of higher rank. The location at Brightwood was a favorable one, and the health of the .regiment during the winter was good, the brigade at the special report made February 1, 1862, having but two per cent, sick — the most favorable report made by any brigade in the army. As the time for the opening of the spring campaign drew near the Army of the Potomac was divided into five corps, the Seventh find- ing itself in the Third Brigade, First Division, Fourth Corps. Gen- eral Keycs commanded the corps and General Couch the division ; Colonel Briggs of the Tenth Massachusetts having temporary com- mand of the brigade, but being succeeded soon after the landing at Fortress Monroe by General Charles Devens. Camp was broken at Brightwood on the 11th of March and the regiment crossed the Potomac into Virginia, marching as far as Prospect Hill. 12 miles from Brightwood, where the division halted in an open field, remaining there till morning of the* 14th, when it marched back to Fort Marcy, bivouacking there in a severe rain- storm till near night of the 15th, when the column returned to the old camps. No further move was made till the 25th, when the regiment passed through Washington, embarked on the steamer Daniel Webster and sailed for Fortress Monroe, where it debarked on the 29th, marching some eight miles and halting at Camp W. F. Smith, near Newport News. Camp Smith was occupied till the advance against Yorktown, on the 4th of April, when two days' march took the regiment to War- wick Court House, not far from Lee's ]\Iills, where cam}) was made and a month passed while General McClellan confronted the cnemv's intrcnchments, the encampment being known as Camp Winlield Scott. Leaving this place on the 4th of May, — the Con- federates having evacuated Yorktown, the Seventh led Devens's Brigade, following General Peck's, to the battle-field of Williams- burg, which was reached about the middle of the afternoon of the 5th, when the fight was at its hottest. The regiment was moved forward through a sharp artillery fire, followed by the Second Rhode Island, at first to the support of General Peck's Brigade, relieving two regiments of that command a little later Avhen their annuuni- THE SEVEXTIl REGIMENT. 171 tion ■was exhausted. The loss of the Seventh was but one killed and two wounded. That night the regiment stood in line of l)attle through a drenching rain, and next morning a detachment senl out under Captain Reed confirmed the suspicion that the enemy had retired and occupied Fort Magruder. During the 9th and 10th the regiment marched some 20 miles to Roper's Church, advancing on the 13th to New Kent Court House. On the 16th a reconnaissance was made to Jialtimore Cross Roads, seven miles, and the day fol- lowing to within three miles of Bottom's Bridge on the Chicka- hominy. The railroad from Richmond to York River was taken possession of on the 18th and next day the camp of the regiment was pushed forward a mile or so, the skirmish line under the able direction of Colonel Russell gradually feeling its way through the region. On the 20th a detachment under Major Harlow and Cap- tain Holnian made a reconnaissance to the vicinity of the Bridge, finding the enemy posted on the opposite bank, the party losing- one man wounded and a sergeant captured. Next morning Company F at the railroad and Company A at Bottom's Bridge crossed the river after some skirmishing, and the regiment following sent out a detachment which penetrated some two miles. On the 24th and 25th some eight miles more were made, bringing the brigade into camp at Fair Oaks. Soon after the opening of the Battle of Fair Oaks, May 31, the Seventh were detached from their brigade and sent to reinforce General Birney's Brigade of the Third Division, Third (Heintzcl- man's) Corjis. This brigade was advanced along the railroad to protect the right of Couch's Division, enabling that officer to extri- cate his command, which was nearly surromided. This disposition of the regiment was made near evening of the 31st, and during the following day the Seventh took part in a decisive repulse of the enemy on that portion of the field, fortunately losing but four men Avounded during the battle. On the 2d of June the regiment moved some two miles to the right, near Golding's House, where it remained for five days, some of the time in support of a battery. It then encamped near Sav- age's Station, a short distance in rear of the Fair Oaks battle-field, till the 25tli of June. On that day the brigade, now commanded by General Palmer, General Devens having been wounded at Fair Oaks, was ordered to report to General Hcintzelman, in support of 172 MASSACUUSETTS IX THE WAIl. the advance being made by Hooker's Division of his corps. The Seventh, taking position in the front line of l)attle, were somewhat ■engaged, losing two killed, including First Lieutenant Jesse D. Bul- lock, and 14 wounded. The Seventh with the Second Rhode Island were detached from the brigade on the 27th, and reported to General Peck, command- ing the Second Division of the corps, Avith head-quarters at White Oak Swamp. The following morning, in preparation for the " change of base" of the army to the James river. General Peck took pos- session of the crossing of the Charles City, New Market and other roads at Glendale, with pickets well advanced, holding that position for two days, a skirmish with the enemy's cavalry occurring in which the Seventh met no loss. During the 29th and 30th the regiment led the way toward Turkey Island Bend on the James river, and being on picket the following day it had no part in the battle of Malvern Hill. On the 2d of July the movement to Harrison's Landing was made. General Peck covering the rear, the roads being in terrible condition from the heavy rain and their excessive use. On the 3d the regiment moved some miles up the river and rejoined its brigade, going into camp. Twice within a short time it was called to join in a reconnaissance — going on the 5th of August to Turkey Island Bend, returning the next day, and on the 8th ad- vancing to Haxall's Station, getting back to camj) on the 11th. General Devcns had now resumed command of the brigade, and on the IGtli it began the march to Yorktown, which place the Seventh passed through on the 20th, encamping two miles beyond on the Big Bethel road. Resting there till the 29th, they went aboard the bark Texas, arriving off Alexandria the 31st and debark- ing the 1st of September. At night a march of 15 miles was made to near Fairfax Court House, returning on the 2d to within four miles of Chain Bridge, and on the 3d camping near the bridge. The crossing to the Washington side took j)lace on the 5th, and even- ing of the Gtli found the regiment in bivouac near Orcutt's Cross Roads, Md., wliere a halt of two days was made. The onward movement in search of Leo's army was resumed the 9th and con- tinued by way of Poolesville, Jefferson and Btirkittsvillc, through South Mountain Gap to a camj) in Pleasant A^alley which was reached on the 14th. Resuming the march on the 17th, the regi- ment reached the field of battle on the Antietam early next day. THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 173 formiiio: in the rear of the Fiftli Corps, rcmainin-g there for some time and going' on piclcct at the right of the Union linos, across the stream. On the 20th the regiment marched some nine miles in pursuit of the enemy, who had crossed the Potomac, and formed line of battle near St. James College on the Williamsi)ort road. Bivouac was made in the woods next day, and on the 23d a ])leas- ant camp was established near Downsville, where early in October the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts Regiment joined the brigade. The raid of the Confederate cavalry under General Stuart on the 10th of October to Chambersburg, Pa., and around the rear of the Union army called the brigade up the Potomac a few days later. Setting out near evening of the 18th, a forced march was made to Hancock, which was reached at night of the 19th. Stopping there for a day, the command started back soon after midnight of the 21st, halting at Cherry Run, ten miles below, where a week was passed. By this time preparations for the advance of the Union army into Virginia were about completed, the brigade returned as far as Willianisi)ort on the 27th, and to the old camp at Downs- ville on the 20tli. Marching orders came the following day, and on the 31st the regiment took its place in the column moving* southward. Two days' marching brought it to Berlin, where a day was passed in rest, when the Potomac Avas crossed on the ponton bridge and a steady advance brought the brigade at night of the 6th of November to White Plains, where a snow storm and a scarcity of rations made the next few days uncomfortable. On the 9th a short march was made over horrible roads to New Baltimore. Ceneral Burnside having succeeded General McClellan in the connuand of the Army of the Potomac, a considerable reorganiza- tion was made, in wliich " Couch's Pivisioi.i" was attached to the Sixth Corps, with which it had acted for some months, becoming the Third Division, General Devens's command forming the Second Brigade. General W. F. Smith commanded the corps, which was part of General W. B. Franklin's left grand division, and General John Newton the division — General Couch having been commis- sioned a major general of volunteers and assigned to the command of the Second Corps. Lieutenant Colonel Raymond having resigned from the Seventh on the 24th of October, ]\fajor Harlow was ad- vanced to the ]ilace, and Captain Leonard succeeded the latter as major. Assistant Surgeon Adams being promoted to surgeon of 174 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. the Thirty -second Regiment, William H. Lincoln of Hubbardston and Arthur W. Cowdry of Stow had during the summer been made assistant surgeons. Second Lieutenant Peleg Mitchell of Fall Eiver died of disease August 10. On the 11th the regimental band ■was mustered out of the service, pursuant to a general order from the "War Department. The movement toward Fredericksburg began on the 16th of No- vember, the regiment encamping near Stafford Court House on the 18th and remaining there till the 4th of December, when it marched toward the left, going into camp on the 5th near White Oak Church during a very disagreeable storm of rain and snow. The regimental camp was changed on the 9th, and early in the morning of the 11th the Seventh with the brigade marched down to the plain beside the Rappahannock where it waited till nearly dusk for the order to cross the river. General Devens having vol- unteered his command for the duty, the brigade dashed across the ponton bridges at Franklin's Crossing, the Second Rhode Island de- ploying as skirmishers while the rest of the brigade stood in line of battle during the night a short distance out on the plain in guard of the bridges. During the afternoon of the 13th the regiment took a position at the left, where it was exposed to a sharp artillery fire, afterward moving to various points on that part of the field until the withdrawal of the army across the river on the night of the 15th, when with the other regiments of the brigade it covered the recrossing. Its loss had been but one killed and two wounded. Winter quarters were established on the 18th, about half way between Falmouth and White Oak Church, and there the regiment remained for some months. On the 20th of January, 1863, it joined in the futile expedition directed by General Burnsidc toward Banks's Ford, known as the " Mud March," returning to its camp in an exhausted and bedraggled condition on the 23d. Colonel Russell, promoted to be brigadier general, had taken command of the Third Brigade, First Division, and the vacant colonelcy was filled by the commissioning February 22 of Thomas D. Johns of Pennsylvania, like his predecessors a graduate of West Point. Late in April General Devens bade adieu to the brigade, having been as- signed to command a division of the Eleventh Corps, and was suc- ceeded by Colonel W. H. Browne of the Thirty -sixth New York. The Sixth Corps broke camp to participate in the Chancellors- THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 175 villc movement on the 28th of April, the Seventh on the following morning marching down near the Franklin Crossing of the Ra|> pahannock, where it remained with some chantres of ])osition and minor demonstrations till the evening of ^May 2, when it crossed the river and during the night moved iijt to the city of Fredericks- hurg. During the morning of the od the regiment with the Thirty- sixth New York was selected to form a storming colunni for the capture of the hights in the rear of the city. Colonel Johns com- manding the column, the regiment was led by the gallant Lieuten- ant Colonel Harlow. At the command both regiments advanced nobly, the Seventh moving by the flank np a stony road which Avas little more than a gully, and meeting a deadly fire which tore the head of the column to fragments. Colonel Johns rallied the men and jjressed on till he was severely wounded, when Colonel Harlow Avith a handful of brave followers made a lodgment in the hostile works, that ollicer Ijeing shot by a Confederate at short range but miraculously only slightly hurt. The hostile line being lu'oken, the enemy were soon driven from Marye's Hights, the Seventh captur- ing two ])ieces of artillery. After a short rest the corps pressed forward in the direction of Hooker's main army, Avith Avhich SedgAvick, commanding the Sixth Corps, was under orders to form an immediate junction. As the Seventh approached Salem Church they found a battle in progress at that point betAveen the First Division of the corps and the enemy under General McLaws, in Avhich General Brooks's division Avas being forced back. The brigade was at once put into action, the Seventh forming the center of the line, Avith the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-sixth detached to the left and the Tenth and Second soon going into position on the right. A severe conflict ensued for a short time, during Avhich Colonel BroAvne Avas badly Avounded, Colonel Eustis of the Tenth succeeding to the command of the brigade, Avhen the Confederates Avere checked and driven back to the forest. The position thus secured Avas held during that night and the fol- loAving day, with some skirmishing during the latter part of the time, as the enemy gathered reinforcements, but at dusk the Union forces Avere skillfully extricated from the enveloping lines of their opponents and during the night the regiment Avith the rest of the corps recrossed the river at Banks's Ford and bivouacked near by. The Seventh took into the battle about 500 otticers and men, losing 176 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAU. 23 killed, inclndina- Captain Prentiss M. Whiting of Attleboro and First Lieutenant Albert A. Tillson of Mansfield, and nine officers and 105 men wounded. The regiment returned to the old camp on the 8th, selecting a new location near by, which it occupied till the 6th of June when the corps was again marched to the crossing of the Rappahannock below Fredericksburg, Avhere in fortifying, skirmishing and demon- strating against General A. P. Hill's corps the regiment remained till the 13th, Avhen the river was recrosscd and next morning the march northward on the Gettysburg campaign began. Fairfax Sta- tion was reached on the 16th and one day given to rest, when the command moved to Fairfax Court House, at which point it remained till the 24th, when it marched to Centerville, stopped there for a day, and on the morning of the 26th set out toward Pennsylvania ; about 120 miles were made in the next five days, and night of the 30th found the regiment with the rest of the corps at Manchester, j\rd. At night of July 1 orders were received to report at Gettys- burg, where the battle had that day begun. Marching during the night and next day till 4 o'clock, the field was reached, and the brigade was at once sent to the left to the support of General Sick- les's hard pressed corps, where line of battle was formed near Little Round Top. This position was held during the night, and next day the regiment moved from point to point with its brigade, often under fire, but fortunately escaping without loss. On the 4th it occupied a position in the front line, throwing up in a rain-storm such in- trenchments as could be constructed without tools. The pursuit of the retreating southern army began on the 5th, and was continued daily through storms and over mountains that were terribly taxing to the soldiers till on the 10th, five miles be- yond Boonsboro, the regiment formed line of battle confronting the enemy, remaining in that position during the following day. On the 12th, Lee having changed his location somewhat, the Seventh advanced to Funkstown, Avhere line was again formed and intrenched during the following day. The morning of the 14th found the hostile troops across the river in Virginia once more ; the regiment followed them to Wiiliamsport, starting next morning toward Ber_ lin, which was reached on the 16th. Stopping there till the 1.9th, the regiment crossed the river and proceeded southward in its place in the column, diverging from the direct route on the 24th to visit THE SEVEXTir REGIMENT. 177 Ashby's Gap, where there was promise of a fight, returning that day to its position near Orleans and on the 25th marching to near Warrenton, where it went into camp. The strategic movements of the Army of the Potomac being re- sumed, the Seventh marched on the loth of September to Sulphur Springs and next day to Stone House Mountain, near the Rapidan, Avhere line of battle was formed, though no engagement ensued, the Second and Sixth Corps encamping in that vicinity for the rest of the month. With the 1st of October came directions for distributing the division along the railroad from Rappahannock Station to Bris- toe's, and the Seventh started on the march that night, reaching Bealton next day and on the 3d going to Bristoe's, where it re- mained for ten days. The brigade marched to Catlett's Station on the 13th to cover the passage of the Union army, which was having a strategic race with the Confederates for the Washington defenses, rejoined the Sixth Corps when it came along, and returned nearly to the point from which it set out in the morning. Next day it marched to Centcrvillc, moved a few miles on the 15tli to the Chantilly battle-field and formed line of battle, facing the Confed- erates for some days in constant anticipation of an engagement. General Lee not caring to risk battle began a retrograde move- ment and the Union army followed, the Seventh marching on the 19th to Gainesville and the day after to the vicinity of Warrenton, changing camp on the 22d to the ground occupied before setting out on the movement. On the 7th of November the Fifth and Sixth Corps advanced against a force of the enemy strongly intrenched at Rappahannock Station, and on reaching the scene of action the regiment was detached from its own brigade and o])erated with Shaler's (the First), being exposed to a severe artillery fire, but not otherwise engaged and suffering no loss. The works and nearly all their defenders being captured by the notable charge of General RusselFs Brigade and other troops, the Seventh crossed the Rappa. hannock next day, occupying the works on the south bank of the river, most of the regiment going on picket till the afternoon of the 9th, when it rejoined the brigade at Kelly's Ford. On the 12th it again marched up to the Station, crossed to the south side, ad- vanced to near Brandy Station and went into camj). The Mine Run expedition began on Thanksgiving day, the 26th, when the regiment marched to the Rapidan, crossing it near mid- 178 MASSACHUSETTS ly THE WAE. night at Jacobs Mills and bivouacking near by. Xo movement was made by the Seventh during the following day beyond forming line of battle late in the afternoon, as the Sixth Corps, which fol- lowed the Third under General French, was delayed l)y the latter taking a course which brought it into collision with the enemy, re- sulting in a sharp fight. About midnight General Sedgwick was directed to take the advance, and after a hard night's march through the wilderness reached Robertson's Tavern the following morning. Waiting there during the day and the ensuing night in a driving storm, the division was attached to the Second Corps and moved to the extreme left and front in readiness for the con- templated attack on the Confederate position. Resting in the woods over night on the way, the regiment at daybreak was placed in the front line of the column of assault, the orders being to at- tack at 8 o'clock. But the weather had become bitterly cold, the enemy's position appeared impregnable, and the signal was not given. The lines kept their position all through the day, while the skirmishers maintained a lively lire, and at night the rapid move- ment back to the camps at Brandy Station began. The Rapidan was crossed at Culpeper Ford on the 2d of December and the fol- lowing day the regiment pitched its tents on the ground occupied previous to the expedition. This camp, with the ordinary routine of duties, was occupied dur- ing the winter. Late in February, 1864, the Sixth Corps was ordered to support a cavalry demonstration to the southwestward and on the 27th the regiment marched 15 miles through Culpeper to near Jamestown, and the next day advanced across Robertson's river, where it remained in readiness for action till night of !March 1, through a driving storm of rain and snow. The cavalry having returned, the infantry force recrossed the river, marched a mile and made such a bivouac as was possible with the storm still continuing, returning to camp next day, a march of 22 miles and one of the most exhausting in the history of the organization. Previous to the opening of the spring campaign the five corps of the Army of the Potomac were consolidated into. three, the necessary changes mak- ing Eustis's the Fourth Brigade of the Second (Getty's) Division. Camp was broken at Brandy Station during the night of the 3d of May, and very early next morning the regiment joined in the southward march of the army, crossing the Ra})idan early in the THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 179 afternoon and bivouacking for the night a few miles beyond. Next dav tlie battle of the Wilderness opened, and Getty's division being detached from its corps was sent to the Union left to operate on the Plank road, near the Brock road, under direction of General Han- cock, The signal for an advance was given about 4 o'clock and the regiment was heavily engaged till dark, winning some ground and sleeping on the field. The fighting was renewed next morning, continuing with varying result till afternoon, the Seventh during the two days losing 120, 15 being killed and many fatally wounded- During the succeeding night the brigade was ordered to rejoin its corps at the right, which had been severely handled by Early's Con- federate Division, but owing to the difhcult nature of the country- did not reach its destination till next morning. No further attack being offered, the Seventh joined with other troops in fortifying the position, but soon after dark began the movement to the rear and left which ended next afternoon at Spottsylvania. On reaching the latter place the advance of the Sixth Corps was at once thrown into line to assist a portion of the Fifth Corps which had already become engaged with the enemy, and at dusk a charge was made by Eustis's Brigade with other troops, routing the enemy and holding the captured position. The Seventh met a Georgia regiment which broke before the attack, leaving its colors, color guard and 32 men in the hands of the Seventh, the latter losing one killed, four wounded and two taken prisoners who were recaptured Avliile on their way to Richmond. During the two following days the regiment was busy intrenching, with skirmish firing and sharp- shooting constantly taking place, by which General Sedgwick, com- manding the corps, lost his life on the 9th. First Lieutenant Henry W. Nichols of Fall River died of wounds on the 12th. About this time a transfer removed General Eustis from the brigade, thence- forth commanded by Colonel Edwards of the Thirty-seventh. The regiment went on picket the 11th, remaining for two days, thus escaping the severe trial which came to the rest of the brigade at the " Angle " on the 12th. Being relieved on the 13th and re- joining the brigade, it rested till the following night, Avhen soon after midnight it began a movement through the forest to the left, finally going into position beyond the Fifth Corps, in which vicinity it re- mained for three days. At night of the 17th the corps moved back to the Landrum House and on the morning of the 18tli joined in ISO MASSACHUSETTS IN THE n'AE. an attack on the Confederate works. It was a hopeless undertak. ing and was easily repulsed, the Seventh losing six wounded. An immediate return was made to the left, where the regiment remained on duty till the withdrawal of Grant's army for another southward movement on the 21st. The North Anna river was reached and crossed on the 24th, and the men were at once set to work constructing rifle-pits, going on picket the next day beyond the railroad at Noel's Station, and on the 26th being advanced to the front near Little river. The regiment assisted in covering the withdrawal of the Union army on the 27th ; which being accom- plished it marched after the main body, reaching Hanover Court House by easy stages on the 29th and building more rifle-pits. On the 31st the Seventh were again sent on picket, and in that capacity covered the transfer of the Sixth Corps from the right of the army to the left, — it being ordered to Cold Harbor, to which place it made a forced march on the 1st of June. Arriving there during the afternoon, the regiment almost imme- diately took part in a demonstration in favor of the Vermont Bri- gade of the same division, which was in danger of being flanked, the loss to the Seventh being one killed and a few wounded. In the subsequent operations of the brigade at Cold Harbor the regi- ment had its arduous share, being engaged in the trenches night and day with occasional res]iitcs, losing men wounded almost daily by the picket firing. At night of the 12th the movement toward the James river began, the regiment marching 25 miles and cross- ing the Chickahominy during the next 21 hours. Two days later bivouac was reached on the bank of the James, when the term of service of the Seventh Regiment having expired it turned its steps toward Massachusetts. The recruits and rc-cnlisted veterans Avcre formed into a detach- ment and assigned to the Thirty-seventh Regiment, with which they Avere soon consolidated, while the remainder embarked on the trans- port steamer Key])ort at Wilson's Landing on the 16th. From Wash- ington on the following day train was taken to New York, where a day was passed, thence continuing to Taunton where an enthusias- tic greeting awaited the veterans at their arrival on the 20th. The men were at once furloughed till the 4th of July, when the regiment reassembled, took part in the celebration of the day, and on the 5th was formally mustered out. THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. THE Eighth Regiment of Militia was one of the four to re- spond to the first call upon Massachusetts after the opening of hostilities at Fort Sumter, and like its associates, it did faithful and valuable service. Culoncl Miuiroc, whose head-quar- ters were at Lynn, received notification that the services of his command would be required at about the same time as the com- manding officers of the other regiments, and like them he was ready for the summons. The several companies were directed to report at once at Boston, and to Companies 13, C and H, all of Marblehead, is due the credit of being the first troops to reach the state capital in response to the call. They arrived soon after 8 o'clock on the morning of Ai)ril 16, 1861, and through the storm which was then raging marched to Fancuil Hall, cheered enthusiastically by the people who lined the streets. The regiment consisting of but eight com- j)anies, two others Avere attached to it before it left the state on the afternoon of the IStli — J and K, the latter joining the command at Springfield en route to Washington. Company J was a Zouave organization, belonging to the Seventh Regiment of Militia, while Company K of Pittslicld was drawn from the Tenth Regiment. As thus constituted, the Eighth numbered 705, and was ofiicered as follows : — Colonel, Timothy ^NEunroe; licntenaut colonel, Edward TT. Hincks, both of Lynn; major, Andrew Elwell of Gloucester; surgeon. Bow- man B. Breed; assistant surgeon, Warren Tapley. both of Lynn; chaj)- lain, Gilbert Haven of Maiden; adjutant, George Creasy of Xewbury- port; quartermaster, E, Alfred Ligalls; paymaster, Roland G. L'sher, both of Lynn; sergeant major, John Goodwin, Jr., of Marblehead; quartermaster sergeant, Horace E, Munroe of Lynn; drum major, Samuel Roads of Marblehead. Company A, Cushing Guards — Captain, Albert W. Bartlett; first 1S2 2IASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. lieutenant, George Barker; second lieutenant, Gamaliel Hodges; third lieutenant, Nathan W. Collins, all of Newburyport; fourth lieuten- ant, Edward L. Noyes of Lawrence. Company B, Lafayette Guard of Marblehead — Captain, Richard Phillips; first lieutenant, Abial 8. Eoads, Jr.; second lieutenant, Will- iam S. Roads; third lieutenant, William Cash. Company C, Sutton Liglit Infantry of Marblehead — Captain, Knott V. Martin; first lieutenant, Lorenzo F. Linnell; second lieutenant, John H. Haskell. Company D, Lynn — Captain, George T. Newhall; first lieutenant, Thomas H. Berry; second lieutenant, Elbridge Z. Saunderson; third lieutenant, Charles M. Merritt. Com]iany E, Beverly — Captain, Francis E. Porter; first lieutenant, John W. Raymond; second lieutenant, Eleazer Giles; third lieuten- ant, Albert Wallis; fourth lieutenant, Moses S. Herrick. Company F, City Guards of Lynn — Captain, James Hudson, Jr.; first lieutenant, Edward A. Chandler ; second lieutenant, Henry Stone; third lieutenant, Matthias N. Snow. Company G, American Guard of Gloucester — Captain, Addison Center; first lieutenant, David W. Low; second lieutenant, Edward A. Story; third lieutenant, Harry Clark. Company H, Glover Light Guard of Marblehead — Captain, Fran- cis Boardman ; first lieutenant, Thomas Russell ; third lieutenant, Nicholas Bowden; fourth lieutenant, Joseph S. Caswell. Company J, Salem — Captain, Arthur F. Dcvereux; first lieutenant, George F. Austin; second lieutenant, Ethan A. P. Brewster; third lieutenant, George D. Putnam. Company K, Allen Guard of Pittsfield — Captain, Henry S. Briggs; first lieutenant, Henry H. Richardson ; second lieutenant, Robert Bache. The regiment marched to the State House on the 18th and re- ceived its colors, being addressed by Governor Andrew and by Gen- eral Butler, who as the commander of the Massachusetts brigade was to accomi)any it to the front. Taking cars that afternoon and going by way of Worcester and Springfield, the Eighth reached New York the following morning, where it was enthusiastically greeted. On reaching Philadelphia that evening the news of the attack on the Sixth in Baltimore was received. After consultation, >among others with Samuel M. Felton, president of the Philadelphia and Baltimore railroad, wdio w^as a Massachusetts man, General Butler decided upon the route by w^ay of Perry ville and Annapolis. ]\Ir. Felton and his associate officers made all the preparations pos- sible under the circumstances, coaling the ferry-boat Maryland at Annapolis and making her ready for the transportation of the reuinient. THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. 183 General Butler started with the Eijxhth at 3 o'clock on the after- noon of the 20th, and three hours later reached Pcrryville, going at once aboard the Maryland. Annapolis was reached next morning, the ferry-boat with its valiant freight anchoring nea'r the United States frigate Constitution, then in use as the school ship for the Naval Academy at that place. Two companies of the Eighth were placed on board the frigate to aid in her defense if an attempt should l)e made to capture her, and as soon as she could be floated she sailed for a more secure anchorage at New York. Com])any K was sent to Fort i\IcHenry, near Baltimore, where it served for some weeks. The remainder of the regiment were kept on board the ferry-boat for two days without water and with only the most miserable food, but were finally landed and at once set about the repair of the railroad from Annapolis to the Junction, which had been destroyed. After the mechanics of the regiment had repaired the road-bed, cars and engines, the Eighth, accompanied by the Seventh New York, marched on the 24th to the Junction, 22 miles, and two days later reached Wash- ington, General Butler remaining at Annapolis in command of that then important post. The men of the Eighth having worn out their uniforms in the re- pair of the railroad and their other duties, were supplied with others by command of the President, and on the 30th, with the exceptfon of Lieutenant Herrick, Avho had been accidcntly wounded, were mustered into the national service. Remaining at Washington till the 15th of May, the regiment was then ordered to Relay House, a few miles from Baltimore, to guard the railroad, when Colonel Munroe, who was 60 years of age, resigned on account of sickness, being succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel Edward W. Hincks ; Major Elwell was promoted to lieutenant colonel and Ben: Perley Poore of Newburyport was made major. The command remained at Relay House till the last of July, receiving in the mean time a new Hag, made by the ladies of Lynn. On the 29th orders were issued to report at Boston, where the regiment Avas mustered out on the 1st of August, having received the thanks of the national House of Representatives " for the energy and patriotism displayed by them in surmounting obstacles upon sea and land, which traitors had interi)osed to impede their progress to the defense of the na- tional capital." 184 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. THE nine-months' TERM. Under the call of August 4, 1862, for 19,090 men from Massa- chusetts for nine months' service, the Eighth, as well as the other militia regiments of the- state, volunteered to save the Common- wealth from the necessity of a draft. It reported to Camp Lander in Wenham to be recruited to the maximum, and as the companies filled they were mustered — A, G and I on the 15th of September, D, E and E on the 19th, three more on the 1st of October, but H, made up from Si)ringfield and Boston, was not completed till the 30th of the latter month. Orders to report to General Foster in North Carolina were received on the 7th of November, on which day most of the field and staff officers were mustered. Some names of those who had gone out a year before re-appeared in the roster, though many changes had occurred. The new list follows : — Colonel, Frederick J. Coffin of Newburyport ; lieutenant colonel, James Hudson, Jr., of Lynn; major, Israel W.Wallis; surgeon, Charles Haddock, both of Beverly ; assistant surgeon, John L. Robinson of Wenham ; chaplain, John C. Kimball of Beverly; adjutant, Benjamin F. Peach, Jr., of Marblehead ; quartermaster, Ephraim A. Ingalls; sergeant major, William A. Frazer, both of Lynn ; quartermaster ser- geant, Josepii A. Ingalls of Swampscott ; commissary sergeant, John B. Seward of Newburyport ; hospital steward, Horace R. Lovett of Beverly. Com]iany A, Newburyport — Captain, SteiDhen D. Gardiner ; first lieutenant, Joseph L. Jolmson ; second lieutenant. Charles P. Cutter. Company B, Marl)lehea(i — Captain, Richard I'liillips ; lirst lieuten- ant, Benjamin L. Mitchell; second lieutenant, Stuart F. McClearn. Company C, Marblehead — Cajitain, Samuel C. Graves ; tirst lieuten- ant, Lorenzo F. Linnell ; second lieutenant, Samuel Roads. Company D, Lynn — Captain and first lieutenant same as 1861 ; second lieutenant, William H. Merritt. Com])any E, Beverly — Ca])tain and second lieutenant same as 18G1; first lieutenant. Hugh J. Miinsey. Company F, Lynn — Captain, Henry Stone; first lieutenant, Matthias N. Snow; second lieutenant, George Watts. Company G, Gloucester — Captain, David W. Low; first lieutenant, Edward L. Rowe; second lieutenant, Samuel Fears. Company H — Captain, George R. Davis ; first lier.tenant, William J. Landen, both of Springfield ; second lieutenant, Christopher J. Plaisted of Boston. Company I, Lynn — Captain, Thomas Hebert ; first lieutenant. Charles B. Saunderson; second lieutenant, Jeremiah C. Bacheller. Company K, Dan vers — Captain, Albert G. Allen; first lieutenant, Edwin Bailey; second lieutenant, Benjamin E. Ncwhall. THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. 185 Preparations for departure were completed and the command left camp on the 2oth of November, going to Boston where it embarked on the steamer Mississippi and sailed that evening for its destina- tion. Morchead City was reached on the 30th, the regiment de- barked and proceeded by rail to Newbern, arriving there late in the evening and being assigned to the Second Brigade of General Fos- ter's Division, the other regiments of which were the Twenty-fourth and Forty-fourth Massachusetts, Fifth Rhode Island and Tenth Connecticut. The brigade was commanded by Colonel T. G. Steven- son of the Twenty -foui'th. The Eighth cam})cd on the Fair Grounds, in tents vacated by the Tenth, where they remained for two months. Early in December Companies A and E were detached from the regiment for duty at Roanoke Island, Captain Porter having com- mand of the post, and only rejoined the main body in time to return, to Massachusetts at the expiration of the term of service. ■The regiment was detached from the brigade on the 9th of De- cember for garrison duty in the defenses of Newbern, the other troops of the command being about to take part in the expedition against Goldsboro, in supjiort of the operations of the Army of the Potomac at Fredericksburg. This position was held till the 28th, when the regiment was attached to the First Brigade, Second Divis- ion, under General Ileckman, then preparing for an expedition to South Carolina. Much to the mortification of all concerned, it was found that the Eighth, like the Third Massachusetts, were armed with a weapon so unreliable (the Austrian rifle) as to be condemn-ed by the inspecting officer. The regiment was therefore, with the Third Massachusetts, the One Hundred and Thirty-second and One Hundred and Fifty-eighth New York, formed into a brigade under command of Colonel James Jourdan of thelatter regiment, remaining at Newbern and being known as the Second Brigade, Fifth Division. The camp was soon after changed to the vicinity of Fort Totten, two companies being assigned to duty in the fort. Companies B and F were detailed on the Ttli of February, 1863,. to reinforce the two companies at Roanoke Island. The latter had on the 1st set out by steamer up Carrituck Sound for the purpose of destroying Confederate salt works and operating against guerril- las in the vicinity, but getting ice-bound were compelled to remain five days with but one day's rations, but accomplished their object and returned to the Island on the 6th with a loss of onlv two 186 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. wounded. In a few days Company B was sent to reinforce the gar- rison at Elizabeth City, having subsequently numerous skirmishes with guerrilla bands, but losing only one man wounded. The four companies at Newbern took part on the 16th of March in an expedition toward Trenton, returning the next day, and on the 20th Colonel Coffin took command of the brigade. On the 8th of April the regiment took part in General Spinola's attempt to re- inforce General Foster at Washington, N. C, getting as far as Blount's creek and finding the enemy strongly posted. In the skir- mishing the Eighth lost one man wounded, after which the expedi- tion returned to camp, arriving at Newbern on the 12th. Company B rejoined the regiment on the 16th, Elizabeth City having been abandoned by the Union forces, and on the same day the command formed part of a reconnoitering force under General Prince, being absent from camp six days, feeling the.enemy's outposts and captur- ing a number of prisoners. Thenceforth the work of the regiment was of a routine character. On the 18th of May it changed its camp a short distance, naming the new location Camp Coffin in honor of its colonel, but a week later was ordered to Fort Thompson, five miles distant on the Neuse river, — a dismantled work which it was intended to reconstruct, but that purpose was abandoned and on the 12th of June the regiment returned to Newbern and passed the remainder of its time at Camp Jourdan. On the 24th the two companies at Fort Totten were re- lieved and reported to Colonel Coffin, the regiment on the same day embarking on the transports Highlander and Alliance, by which Fortress Monroe was reached three days later. On the 28th the command was ordered to Boston for muster-out, but before prepara- tions for departure could be completed the operations of General Lee's army threatening Baltimore caused the diversion of the regi- ment to that city. Reaching there on the 1st of July, and reporting to General Schenck, commanding the Middle Department, the Eighth were as- signed to the Second Provisional Brigade, commanded by General E. B. Tyler, taking up their quarters at Fort Bradford near the out- skirts of the city. On the 6th the regiment was transferred to the brigade of General H. S. Briggs, and next day took cars to Sandy Hook, Md., whence it made a night march in a storm to Maryland Hights. SlK)rtly before daylight the Eighth took possession of Fort THE EIGHTH REGIMENT. 1S7 Duncan and hoisted the Flag of the Union, remaining there till the 12th, during which time the three companies from Roanoke Island rejoined the main hodj. That night the brigade marched to join, the Army of the Potomac, then confronting the Confederates in front of Williamsport, making 25 miles in 16 hours, and on reach- ing Funkstown was assigned to the Second Division, First Cori)s. For two weeks the regiment marched with the Union army in the southward }(rogress of the strategic struggle which ensued, reaching the Rappahannock river, where General Meade was directed to take up a strong })osition. During this campaigning the Eigl-th, though not engaged in battle, suffered much from the heat, the shortness of rations and their insufficient equipment for the service. The orders to return to Massachusetts for muster-out were re- peated on the 26th, and the regiment at once set out for home, .reaching Boston on the 29th, and was mustered out August 7. THE ONE HUNDRED DAYS' TERM. One year later the Eighth Regiment was again called upon to serve the national government, this time for 100 days ; the com- panies were promptly lilled and mustered at different dates from the 13th to the 21st of July, 1864, the field officers not being mustered till the 26th. Some of the nine-months' companies did not appear in the regiment as then organized, their places being filled by others from Ham})den and Berkshire counties. The roster of officers : — Colonel, Benjamin F. Peach, Jr., of Marblehead; lieutenant colonel, Christopher T. Hanley of Boston; major, David W. Low of Glouces- ter ; surgeon, John L. Robinson of Wenham ; assistant surgeon, Ebenezer Hunt of Danvers ; chaplain, John S. Sewell of Wenham; adjutant, Abram H. Berry of Lynn ; quartermaster, Joseph A. Ingalls of Swampscott; sergeant major, William N. Tyler of Melrose; quarter- master sergeant, William F. Sinclair of Marblehead; commissary ser- geant, Francis Locke, Jr., of Gloucester; hospital steward, Eieazer R. Burbank of Lowell ; principal musician, John H. Knight of Marblehead. Company A, Springfield — Captain, Lewis A. Tifft ; first lieutenant, Gideon Wells ; second lieutenant, Chauncey Hickox. Company B, Adams — Captain, Henry M. Lyons; first lieutenant, Eugene B. Richardson; second lieutenant, Frederick W. Champney. Company C, Marblehead — Captain and second lieutenant same as 1863; first lieutenant, William Goodwin, 3d. Company D, Lynn — Captain, William H. Merritt ; first lieutenant, George E. Palmer; second lieutenant, William H. Keene, 188 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company E, South Reading — Captain, Samuel F. Littlefield ; first lieutenant, Jason H. Knight; second lieutenant, James A, Burditt. Company F, Lynn — Captain and first lieutenant same as 18G2 ; second lieutenant, Josiah F. Kimball. Company G, Gloucester — Cai)tain,Edward L. Rowe; first lieutenant, George L. Fears; second lieutenant, Isaac N. Story. Company H, Springfield — Captain, William J. Landen; first lieu- tenant, Charles L. Wood; second lieutenant, John Thayer. Company I, Boston — Captain, Henry S. Shelton; first lieutenant, Thomas J. Hanley; second lieutenant, Andrew C. McKenna. Company K, Pittsfield — Captain, Lafayette Butler; first lieutenant, William D. Reed, second lieutenant, James Kittle. At 1 o'clock of the day that the organization of the regiment was completed it was ordered to leave Camp Meigs at Readville, where it had rendezvoused, and at once proceeded Washington ward. It went no further than Baltimore, however, where it reported to General Lew Wallace, in command of the Middle Department, and was assigned by him to the Third Separate Brigade, Eighth Corps, General H. H. Lockwood commanding. The Eighth went into camp temporarily at Mankin's Woods, and on the 31st of July were with the other troops in the vicinity reviewed by General Wallace. On the 12th of August Company B was detailed for duty at the hospitals and Companies A and K for provost guard duty in Baltimore ; while on the following day Companies D, E, G and H under Major Low reported for duty at Camp Bradford, near Baltimore, the draft rendezvous for ]\Iaryland and Delaware, — these details being to re- lieve troops of the One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Ohio. Lieutenant Colonel Hanley was detailed upon a military commission. Three days later the rest of the regiment was ordered to guard the line of the Northern Central railroad, relieving the One Hun- dred and Ninety-third Pennsylvania. Head-quarters were estab- lished at Cockeysville, some 15 miles north of Baltimore, where Company C remained, while F and I were sent to stations five and ten miles further north. This arrangement continued till the 25th of September, when the comi)anies on the railroad were ordered to Camp Bradford and Colonel Peach took command of the draft rendezvous. This position he held till the 28tli of October, when the Baltimore com})anies rejoined the regiment in preparation for the return to Massachusetts which was made soon after, and on the 10th of November the Eighth Regiment was for the third time mustered out of the United States service. THE NINTH REGIMENT. THE Ninth Regiment was among' tlie first formed for three years' service and was composed exclusively of men of Irish hirtli. It gathered at Camp Wightman on Long Island in Boston Harbor, early in May, 1861, and on the 11th of June most of the othcers and men were mustered into the government service though recruits were added subseijuently up to the time of depart- ure for the front. The original roster follows : — Colonel, Thomas Cass ; lieutenant colonel, Cromwell G. Rowoll, both of Boston ; major, Robert Peard of Milford ; surgeon, Peter Pmeo of Boston; assistant surgeons, Patrick A. O'Connell of Boston and Stephen W. Drew of Woburn; chaplain, Thomas Scully; adjutant, George W. Perkins ; quartermaster, John Moran ; sergeant major, William Strachan ; cpiartermaster sergeant, Thomas Mooney, all of Boston; commissary sergeant, Patrick W. Black of Portland, Me.; hospital steward. Reed B. Granger ; leader of band, Michael O'Con- nor, both of Boston. Company A, Columbian Volunteers of Boston — Captain, James E. Gallagher ; first lieutenant, Michael Scanlan ; second lieutenant, Michael F. O'Hara. Company B, Otis Guard of Boston — Captain, Christopher Plunkett; first lieutenant, Patrick T. Ilanley; second lieutenant, Patrick Walsb. Company C, Douglas Guard of Boston — Captain, William Madigan; first lieutenant, John W. Mahan ; second lieutenant, Edward Mc- Sweeney. Company D, Meagher Guard — Captain, Patrick R. Guiney ; first lieutenant, William W. Doberty, both of Roxbury; second lieutenant, John II. Ratferty of Somerville. Company E, Cass Light Guard of Boston — Captain, John R. Teague; first lieutenant, Michael II. McNamara; second lieutenant, Timotby F. Lee. Company F, Fitzgerald Guards of Salem — Captain, Edward Fitz- gerald ; first lieutenant, Timothy O'Leary; second lieutenant, Pbilii) E. Redmond. Company G. Wolfe Tone Guards — Captain, John Carey of Marlboro; first lieutenant, John M. Tobin ; second lieutenant, i^rcbibald Simp- son, both of Boston. 190 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company H, Davis Guards of Milford — Captain, Jeremiah O'Neil ; first lieutenant, Thomas K. Roach; second lieutenant, Timothy Burke. Company I, McClellan Kifles of Boston — Captain, James E. Mc- Caiferty; first lieutenant, John H, Walsh ; second lieutenant, Eichard P. Nugent. Company K, Stoughton Irish Guards — Captain, George W. Button, first lieutenant, James F. McGunagle, both of Stoughton ; second lieutenant, John C. Willey of East Cambridge. t It 'was at first intended to designate this regiment as the Thir- teenth, but the method of numbering being changed it became the Ninth. On the 24th of June it was transported to Boston, where it was received by an enthusiastic procession of the Irish citizens and marched to the State House, where it was reviewed by Gover- nor Andrew and his staff, the governor presenting the state colors, after which a deputation representing the Irish citizens of Boston presented the national colors and a beautiful Irish flag. The follow ing day the regiment, having been recruited to the maximum, was ordered to Washington, sailed on the Ben De Ford, and arrived there on the 29th, going into camp on Ewart's Farm, about a mile from the city. Here the regiment was quartered till after the battle of Bull Run, when in anticipation of a Confederate attack on Wash- ington it was marched across the Potomac and took a position on Arlington Hights where it immediately set about the construction of a fortification known as Fort Cass, in honor of the colonel. In this position the Ninth remained, enjoying marked good health, till the following spring, during which time, as they were armed with the Springfield smooth-bore musket, they were drilled with especial reference to double-quick and other rapid movements with a view to fighting at close quarters. In the organization by brigades made by General McClellan August 4, the Ninth were made a part of General W". T. Sherman's brigade, the other members of the connnand ])cing the Fourteenth Massachusetts, Forty-first (DeKalb) New York and Fourth Michi- gan Regiments, with a battery of artillery and a company of cav- alry, both from the United States Army, 'i'his arrangement was only temporary, however, for on the 15th of October the Ninth be- came ])art of Morell's Brigade, Porter's Division, Army of the Poto- mac, the other regiments of the brigade being the Fourth New York, Thirty-third Pennsylvania and Fourth Michigan. Generals Martin- dale and Butterfield commanded the other briirades of the division, TUB yiXTII REGIMENT. 191 and the cavalry and artillery were attached to the division and not to the brigades. A few men Avere wounded on picket during the fall and winter, and numerous changes occurred in the roster of olliccrs. Lieutenant Colonel Rowell resigned October 23, Major Peard being promoted to fill the vacancy and Captain Guiney becom- ing major. The latter was in turn promoted to lieutenant colonel on the death from disease of Peard, which occurred January 27 following, and Captain Hanley was advanced to the majority. In the organization of the Army of the Potomac for the Penin- sular campaign of 1862 the Ninth Regiment formed a part of the Second Brigade, First Division, Third Corps. General Morell com- manded the brigade, General Fitz-John Porter the division and General Heintzelman the corps, the regiments associated with the Ninth in the brigade being the Fourteenth New York, Sixty- second Pennsylvania and Fourth Michigan. Late in March, 1862, the regiment with its division was transported to Fortress Monroe, and encamped near the village of Hampton, taking part soon after in a reconnaissance in the direction of Yorktown. It shared in the operations against the latter place which began on the 4tli of April, though its part in the siege was not an active one. After the evacu- ation' of that stronghold General Porter's division was taken up the York river to West Point. Landing there on the 6th of May, it marched across country to the right bank of the Chickahominy river where it went into camp near Gaines Mills. During this time the Fifth Army Corps, commanded by General Porter, Avas organ- ized, of which General Morell's brigade became a part ; it still re- mained the Second Brigade, First Division, but General Morell took connnand of the division and the brigade was for a short time under the command of General Butterfield, by whom it was taken into the action at Hanover Court House, on the 27th of May. During the latter part of this engagement the Ninth Massachu- setts made a heroic charge over very difficult ground, pursuing the retreating enemy for a long distance; although under heavy fire for a portion of the time the loss of the command was light, being but one killed, 11 wounded, and one missing. The regiment then re- turned to its camp, where it remained until the 26th of June, when with the rest of the brigade, now commanded by General Charles Griffin, it moved to Mechanicsville and was slightly engaged in the action there. It returned to its camp at Gaines Mills in time for 192 MASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. the severe battle of the following day. It was at first posted on the creek near the mill, under especial orders to hold the enemy in check and prevent their crossing at that point. This was done, but a crossing being effe^^ted higher up stream the position was flanked and the regiment was compelled to fall back. Again it made a heroic stand and although forced back somewhat fought valiantly until relieved by other troops. The stubborn nature of its resist- ance is sufficiently attested by its losses, which during the series of engagements reached 29 killed, 152 wounded and 16 missing. Among the killed were Captains Madigan, Carey, O'Neil and Mc- Cafferty, First Lieutenant Richard B. Nugent, and Second Lieuten- ant Francis O'Dowd of Boston — while, saddest loss of all for the regiment, its gallant commander. Colonel Cass, received wounds from which he died on the 12th of July. The command crossed the Chickahominy during the night follow- ing, and next day with the rest of the army began the movement toward the James river. It was not again in action until the final battle of the campaign, at Malvern W\\\ on the 1st of July. At that time its division sustained and repulsed some of the most de- termined attacks by the Confederates, the front of the division being heavily covered by artillery, with the Ninth Regiment in support of Captain Edwards's battery of regulars. At the critical point of the conflict, when the guns were in danger of capture, the regiment ad- vanced and engaged the enemy, holding them in check and finally repulsing their attack after the endangered guns had been with- drawn. Again the loss of the Ninth was severe, 11 being killed, 147 wounded and 22 missing. Among the slain were First Lieu- tenants Edward McSweeney and John II. Rafferty. During the night the entire army was withdrawn to Harrison's Landing, where it remained some six weeks. About this time Griffin's Brigade was strengthened by the addition of the Thirty-second Massachusetts. The exi)erience of the Ninth during the remainder of the year, while frequently arduous and trying, was, happily for the command, comparatively free from severe fighting. Beginning on the 14th of August, they marched down the Peninsula to Fortress Monroe, embarked from Newport News on the 20th, and landed at Acquia Creek the next day. Going to Fredericksburg by rail, the regiment lialtod there for a few days, marching up the Rappahannock to War- rcnton Junction, and thence to the vicinity of Manassas, where it rilE NINfll HE'; I ME NT. 193 remained during the second battle of Bull's Run ; but the brigade was not actively engaged and the loss of the regiment was but five wounded. After the battle the Ninth took position near Chain Bridge, but presently returned to the old camp which they had left six months before to enter upon the campaign. The regiment re- mained there until the 12th of September, when it set out on the march for the Antietam, and was present at the Ijattle a few days later, but was in reserve throughout. It took part in the subse- quent movements of its corps, until the close of the Fredericksburg campaign under General Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac. In that battle it took no very active part, having one man killed and 27 missing. Up to this time numerous changes in commanders had taken place ; General Butterfield had succeeded General Porter, in charge of the Fifth Corps ; General Griffin had been promoted to the command of the First Division ; and Colonel Sweitzer of the Sixty-second was in command of the brigade ; Lieu- tenant Colonel Guincy had meantime been commissioned colonel of the Ninth ; Major Hanley and Ca|)tain Dutton had each been ad- vanced a step, to lieutenant colonel and major respectively. After the battle of Fredericksburg the regiment returned to its camp near Falmouth, where with the exception of a reconnaissance on the 30th of December, (when it marched 54 miles to Kelly's Ford and back in 21 hours,) it remained in winter quarters until the Chancellorsville campaign. Its good fortune, so far as engagements and casualties were concerned, continued during the year 1863. At Chancellorsville it was only engaged in skirmishing and lost but nine wounded. After that battle it returned again to the old camp where it remained quietly till the beginning of the movement cul- minating at Gettysburg. Upon that historic field the regiment was sent upon picket at the extreme Union left and in the duties of that position and skirmishing it was engaged during the battle, suffer- ing a loss of but one killed and three wounded. During the rest of the year the regiment shared in the various movements of the Army of the Potomac — the pursuit of Lee to Williamsport, the dis- appointment there at the escape of the Confederate army into Vir- ginia, and the various strategic movements back and forth between the Rapidan and the defenses of Washington, the brilliant engage- ment at Rappahannock Station, and the Mine Run campaign. All of these episodes, however wearisome they may have been, so far IS 14 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. as the regiment was concerned proved bloodless, except at Mine Run, where the loss was but two wounded. That campaign ended, the regiment returned to Bealton and went into winter quarters. Two officers of the Ninth died from disease during the year — First Lieutenant Mooney on the 17th of March and Second Lieuten- ant Philip E. Redmond September 17. During the autumn and early winter the serious losses which the regiment had sustained earlier in its history were partially repaired by the arrival of 488 recruits and conscripts, making the nominal strength of the com- mand 769 at the close of the year 1863. The winter round of duties was a severe one. In addition to guarding the railroad and running a line of pickets to Freeman's Ford on the Rappahannock, the regiment had also to guard against the activity of Mosby's rangers, who kept the Union outposts con- tinually on the alert. An attack was made by them on the brigade head-quarters on the night of January 13,1864, but it was repulsed by a company of the Ninth under command of Captain O'Leary, and there were numerous attacks upon the railroad and bridges in the vicinity. Under these circumstances there were but 25 re- enlistments in the regiment during the winter. The reorganization of the Army of the Potomac for the spring campaign brought no change to Sweitzer's Brigade, it was still composed of the same regiments, and the brigade and division commanders were the same, General Warren being in command of the corps. The camp at Bealton was broken on the 30th of April, the regi- ment crossing the Ra})pahannock next day and halting near Brandy Station till the 3d of ^lay, when the active movement of the cam- paign began. The night of the 4th brought the Fifth Corps to Wilderness Tavern, and in that vicinity breastworks were thrown up the following morning in anticii)ation of an attack. It was not per- mitted the Ninth Regiment, however, to use the works which the men had constructed, for after their completion the brigade was ordered to advance beyond them and attack the Confederate position. This was bravely done and a fierce conflict took place in a small opening in front of the enemy's intrenchments where a section of artillery formed the center of a long continued struggle. Neither side succeeded in driving the other from the i)lain and the fight rased back and forth across it for a considerable time until General Griffni directed his troops to retire to their works. In this contest THE NINTH REGIMENT. 195 the Ninth h)st 27 killed and a laru'e number wounded ; among the slain being Captains William A. Phclan and James W. McNamara, First Lieutenants Archibald Simpson and Nicholas C. Flaherty and Second Lieutenant Charles B. McGinnisken. Two others were killed during the following day but the regiment was not actively engaged. Colonel Guiney was wounded in the face on the 5th, and the com- mand of the regiment devolved upon Lieutenant Colonel Hanley. During the night of the 7th the brigade marched toward Spott- sylvania Court House and next day in the action at Laurel Hill the regiment had another baptism of lire, losing 10 killed, two others being added to the fatal list the following day, including Second Lieutenant James O'Niel. Again in the action of the 12th,'the regi- ment shared in the futile charge upon the Confederate position, leaving 12 more of its bravest dead in front of the hostile works. A proportionate number were wounded, but in none of these engage- ments is it possible, owing to the incomplete reports, to give the exact number — sufilice it to say that during the campaign the regi- ment had 50 killed and 202 were reported wounded, many of the latter fatally. From this time, although not heavily engaged, the Ninth shared in all the experiences of its corps, marching and skirmishing inces- santly ; now blundering through the dark forests at night in a futile effort to pierce the Confederate right near the Po river, moving thence to the North Anna, and later to Bethesda Church, maneuver- ing in that vicinity while the deadly operations to the left in front of Cold Harbor were going on. During this time the loss to the regiment was three killed and a few wounded. On the 10th of June the original term of enlistment of the regi- ment expired, its recruits and veterans were transferred to the Thirty-second Massachusetts Regiment of the same brigade, and on the following day the Ninth Regiment, its Avork faithfully and heroically done, embarked at White House Landing on the Pamun- kcy river for Washington. Thence cars were taken for Boston, where the regiment arrived on the 15th, meeting an enthusiastic re- ception, and on the 21st, on Boston Common, the organization was formally mustered out of service. Li the number of officers who gave their lives for their country — 18 — the Ninth Regiment was exceeded by no other from Massachusetts, and but three others lost an e(puil number. THE TENTH REGIMENT. THE Tenth Regiment was raised in the four western countieSy under the permission granted to Massachusetts, May 15, 1861, hy Secretary of War Cameron to raise six regiments for three years' service. Its rendezvous was at Hampden Park, Springfield, and it was largely composed of the companies of the Tenth Regi- ment, state militia, reorganized for active service. The various companies, already organized and proficient in drill, though not filled to the quota required by the national government, gathered at the camp on the 14th and 15th of June, two companies — one from Coleraine and one recruited on Hampden Park by Oliver Edwards of Springfield — being broken up to fill the ten selected to constitute the regiment. The command was soon ready for the muster, which was made June 21, 1861, by Captain Marshall of the United States Army, the roster of officers being as follows : — Colonel, Henry S. Briggs of Pittsfield; lieutenant colonel, Jefford M. Decker of Lawrence; major, William R. Marsh; surgeon, C. N. Chamberlain, both of Northtimpton; assistant surgeon, AVilliam Hol- brook of Palmer; chaplain, Frederick A. Barton; adjutant, Oliver Edwards, both of S])ringlield; quartermaster, John AV. Howland of North Adams ; sergeant major, Edward K. Wilcox of .Si)ringfield ; quartermaster sergeant, Elihu B. AVhittlescy of Pittsfield; hospital steward, Charles C. Wells of Northampton; leader of band, William D. Hodge of North Adams; principal musician, John L. Gaffney of Chicopce. Company A, Great Barriugton — Captain, Ralph 0. Ives; first lieu- tenant, James L. Bacon; second lieutenant, Henry L. Wilcox. Company B, Johnson Grays of Adams — Captain, Elisha Smart; first lieutenant, Samuel C. Traver; second lieutenant, Lewis W. Goddard. Company C.Northampton — Captain, Joseph I?. Parsons; first lieu- tenant, James H. Wethercll; second lieutenant, Flavel Sluirtleff. Company D, Pollock Guard of Pittsfield— Captain, Thomas W. Clapp; first lieutenant, Charles Wheeler; second lieutenant, Dwight Hubbard. THE TENTH REGIMENT. 197 Company E — Captain, Fred Barton ; first lieutenant, Byron Porter, l)oth of Westfleld; second lieutenant, Wallace A. Putnam of Danvers. Company F, Springfield City Guard — Captain, Hosea C. LomI)ard; first lieutenant, Hinim A. Keith ; second lieutenant, George W. Bigelow. Company G, Greenfield Guards — Captain, Edwin E. Day; first lieu- tenant, George Pierce; second lieutenant, L. M. Kemington. Company H, Siielburne Falls — Captain, Ozro Miller; first lieuten- ant, Chandler J. Woodward; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Leland. Company I — Captain, John H. Clifford of Holyoke; first lieutenant, Joseph K. Newell of Springfield; second lieutenant, Joseph 11. Ben- nett of West Springfield. Company K, Westfield — Ca])tain, Lucius B. Walkley; first lieuten- ant, David M. Chase; second lieutenant, Edwin T. Johnson. The command was reviewed by Governor Andrew and staff on the 10th of July, and five days later was presented with state and national colors of unusual magnificence by the ladies of Springfield, the wife of General James Barnes making the presentation. Next day the regiment took cars for Medford, where in Camp Adams on the Mystic river it found very agreeable quarters, and perfecting itself in drill and discipline, remained till the 2oth. On that day, after a farewell address by ex-Governor Briggs, father of Colonel Briggs, cars were taken to Boston, and a few hours later the Tenth, occu])ying the steamers S. R. Spaulding and Ben De Ford, set sail for Washington. The national capital was reached on the 28th, and the debarkation took place at the navy -yard, where the men remained till the follow- ing day, when they marched to a temporary camp near Meridian Hill, which they occupied till the Gth of August. On that day, marching out some four miles from the city on the Seventh Street road, they joined General Darius N. Couch's Brigade of Buell's Division composed of the Seventh Massachusetts, Second Rhode Island and Thirty-sixth New York Regiments. In a day or two the camp was moved to a more favorable location near the residence of Francis P. Blair, being known as Brightwood. During the few weeks following Fort Massachusetts — afterward Fort Stevens — was built by details from the brigade and this work, with the usual drill, reviews and camp movements, consti- tuted the active service of the regiment during the autumn. The winter was passed at Brightwood, the command suffering somewhat from fevers ; and though orders were frequently issued, no move- 198 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. ment of consequence was made till the 10th of March, 1862, when the division, then commanded by General Keycs, marched to Pros- pect Hill in Virginia, 12 miles away, at the intersection of the Lees- burg and Manassas roads. The Confederates having retreated, the command returned on the 14th to Chain Bridge, stopping near Fort Marcy till the following day in a heavy storm, when they returned to the camp at Brightwood. After one or two futile efforts, the brigade marched on the 26th to Washington and took transportation for the Peninsula, the Tenth being accommodated in available corners of three or four vessels. The various sections having been disembarked at Hampton on the 29th, the regiment marched to Newport News and encamped till the 4th of April, when it joined in the march toward Yorktown. The following day brought the Tenth to the vicinity of Warwick Court House, where it engaged in some skirmishing and maneuver- ing, but without serious engagement. Severe storms made the entire region a quagmire, and many of the men were sent out on details to construct corduroy roads and like service, while those re- maining engaged in picket and skirmish duty, enduring great hard- ships but making no progress. This exhausting routine continued till the evacuation of Yorktown, on the 4th of May, when orders for an immediate advance were received. Colonel Briggs, who had commanded the brigade for six or seven weeks, was now relieved by the assignment of (xcncral Devens to the brigade, and returned to lead his regiment. The Tenth, while not actively engaged at the battle of Williamsburg, on the 5th, were in support, first of Hooker and afterward of Hancock, marching on the morning of the 6th to Fort Magrudcr, which was found to be deserted, and in the vicin- ity of which the regiment camped till the 9th. During that day and the next they marched to Barhamsville, where another halt was made till the 13i h ; then 10 miles further, to New Kent Court House, where for three days the regiment was on picket duty. Then began another scries of slow advances, which continued without notable event till the 25th, when Seven Pines was reached, seven and a half miles from Richmond. On the 29th another advance of a mile was made, to a position just in the rear of Casey's Division, which on that part of the field formed the front line of the Federal army. Here, two days later, the Tenth had their first severe test of battle. Soon after noon of the 31st the attack on Casey's Division began. I THE TEXrn REGIMENT. 199 the battle of Fair Oaks. The Tenth were scarcely under arms when the broken Union battalions began to drift past them to the rear, and the regiment was ordered forward a quarter of a mile to some rifle-pits, but the position was not favorable, and after suffer- ing some loss it moved still farther to the front, taking up a position from which it was presently driven by a flank movement of the enemy. Falling back to its camp, the regiment again ad- vanced to the ritle-})its, and moving further to the right engaged the foe with great spirit. Here it suffered severely, Colonel Briggs being badly wounded, and the command devolving upon Captain Miller, the senior othcer present. The latter handled the regiment with great ability and gallantry, holding the enemy in check till darkness and the coming of reinforcements saved the Union line from further disruption. The loss of the Tenth was heavy, being 27 killed and 95 wounded, six fatally. Among the killed were Captains Smart and Day and Lieutenant Lcland. General Devens, commanding the brigade, was also severely wounded, and was tem- porarily succeeded by General I. N. Palmer. Following the battle the Tentli remained in or near their old camp for nearly a month, Major Marsh resigning meantime and Captain Miller receiving a merited promotion to the vacancy. On the 25th of June the division was massed on the old battle-field, while the skirmishers pressed the enemy in front, and when the jtosition of the Confederates had been determined Palmer's Brigade was ordered forward and took up a position within musket shot, where all the afternoon and the night following a sharp fire of small arms and artillery was kept up. Retiring from their advanced posi- tion in the early morning, next day saw them on duty in the rear of Porter's Corps, which Avas fighting the battle of Gaines IMills, and on the 28th the regiment made its first retrograde march in the "chanu'c of base" to the James river. Next mornim;: it aided in repelling a cavalry dash down the New Market road ; and after waiting till late in the afternoon marched all night, reaching HaxalFs on the James river on the morning of the 30th. That evening the regiment moved to Malvern Hill, where the Army of the Potomac was concentrated to meet the pursuing enemy, and took a highly creditable part in the desperate fighting of the 1st of July, Twice was its position fiercely charged by the Con- federates, and each time the assailants were driven back with heavy 200 JtlASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. loss ; on the first occasion the Tenth and the Thirty-sixth New- York — all that were present of the brigade — making a gallant coun- ter-charge and establishing their lines some distance in advance of the former position. Of the 400 taken into action, 10 were killed and over 70 w^ounded. Major Miller w^as shot through the neck, and when the army retreated that night to Harrison's Landing, he with all the severely wounded was left behind and was taken by the Confederates to Richmond, where he died a few days later. Second Lieutenant Napoleon P. A. Blais of North Adams died of fever at the Landing on the 11th of July. Lieutenant Colonel Tiall of the Second Rhode Island was temporarily assigned to the command of the Tenth, being relieved August 21 by Captain J. B. Parsons's pro- motion to lieutenant colonel, vice Decker resigned. The march to Yorktown began on the IGth of August, occupying five days, and in the vicinity of that historic town the regiment as a part of Couch's Division remained some ten days longer, while the remainder of the army took transportation back to Alexandria. At this time .Dexter F. Parker of Worcester was commissioned major of the Tenth Regiment, — an appointment which was received with much disfavor by the line officers, and subsequently led to serious trouble. Embarking on the steamer Key West on the 29th, the regiment reached Alexandria September 1, where it was joined by its new" commander, Colonel Henry L. Eustis of Cambridge. Orders Ave re received that afternoon to move to Fairfax Court House, to assist General Pope's retreating army, but having marched part way the orders w^ere countermanded, and on the 3d the com- mand reached Chain Bridge, where it bivouacked for a day or two. The movement to meet Lee in Maryland began the 5th, the regi- ment crossing the bridge in the afternoon and marching toward Poolesville, proceeding by slow marches till the 14th, when the Sixth Corps forced the passage of Crampton's Gap at Burkittsville^ the Tenth not being engaged. An attempt to reach Harper's Ferry next day in time to assist the imperiled garrison failed, the latter surrendering l)efore they could be reached, and on the ITtli the Tenth, with the rest of the division, which had remained in the vicinity of the Ferry, were ordered to the battle-field of Antietam, which they reached that evening after the close of the lighting. On the 20th the regiment took part in driving a force of the enemy across the river at Williamsport, and three days later went into THE TENTH BEGUIENT. 201 camp with the rest of the brigade near Downsville, where a season of comparative rest was enjoyed. As a result of the assignment of Major Pari^er to the regiment, 11 of the line officers resigned their commissions on the 27th of ^September, comprising nearly all the original number remaining in service ; they were placed under arrest, court-martialed, and after some delay dismissed the service. It was not till January, however, that the vjacancies thus caused were filled by promotions in the regu- lar order. Meantime the Tenth had taken part in the expedition to Hancock and the dreary sojourn at Cherry Run ; returning to camj) in time to set forth n})on the Fredericksburg campaign, having a full share in the hardships of the preliminary marches, and bear- ing an honoraljle part in the gallant services of the brigade in lead- ing the advance across Franklin's bridges and in covering the re- treat of the left grand division after the disheartening termination of that contest. They shared the common fortunes of the brigade in the winter quarters which followed between Falmouth and White Oak Church, the monotonous round of picket and camp duty being broken by the "Mud march" which began January 20 and came to an inglorious end three or four days later. Colonel Browne of the Thirty-sixth New York succeeded to the command of the brigade April 21, on the assignment of General Devens to command a division of the Eleventh Corps, and on the 28th the preparations which had for some time been carried on reached the marching point, and the regiment set forth to take its share in the Chancellorsville campaign. Feints and maneuvering occupied most of the time till evening of the 2d of May, when the river was again crossed and during the night tlie division made its way from Franklin's Crossing of the previous December to the city of Fredericksburg, but was unable in the darkness to storm the bights in the rear, which were strongly held by the enemy. When the arrangements for charging the hights were being made the next forenoon, the Tenth were sent to the right in co-operation with Gibbon's Division of the Second Corps, to divert the attention of the enemy, and suffered considerable loss ; but a greater service Avas rendered in the afternoon at Salem Church, when coming into action at an important crisis they engaged the enemy at close quar- ters and did valiant service in averting the threatened disaster to the Union arms. Colonel Browne having been dangerously wounded, 202 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the command of tlie brigade devolved upon Colonel Eustis, leaving' IMajor Parker in command of the regiment till the return of Lieu- tenant Colonel Parsons from a sick leave a Aveek later. The loss of the regiment during the day was 10 killed and 5(3 wounded. Holding an advanced position during the following day, a retreat was made to and across the Rappahannock that night and three days later a return to camp near the scene of the winter quarters. " Camp Eustis " was quitted early in the morning of Jime 5, and the regiment took an active part in the skirmishing and fatigue duty connected with the reconnaissance of the Sixth Corps across the river, which continued till the night of the 13th, Avhen the forces were withdrawn and commenced the northward march in search of Lee's invading army. Halting on the 18th at Fairfax Court House the time was passed in that vicinity and at Centerville till the morn-_ ing of the 26th, when the wonderful series of marches which ende( at Gettysburg in the afternoon of July 2 was begun. The brigade being in reserve, though doing much marching back and forth alon^ the line and frequently exposed to fire, the Tenth lost but one mai killed and three wounded during the battle. The pursuit of Lee'^ retreating army brought the regiment to Funkstown on the 12tl where it confronted the enemy's outposts, and two days later ar advance showed that Lee's army was again in Virginia. In the strategic campaign which followed the Tenth bore theii full share of marching, maneuvering and routine duty. On the 25th Warrenton was reached, after a side excursion the day previous to Manassas Gap, where the regiment did not arrive in time to take part in the little engagement which called it from the direct line oj march. Near Warrenton, with no more exciting duty than guarding against sudden dashes of the enemy's cavalry and guerrillas, the time passed till the 15th of September. On that day and the on^ ensuing the regiment crossed the Rappahannock and the Tappahanj nock rivers, going to Stone House Mountain, where it remained till the 1st of October, when the division was distributed along the rail-j road, the Third Brigade at Rappahannock Station, the First at Cat left's and the Second I>rigade — in which was the Tenth — at Bristoe'e Station. Remaining there till October 13, the regiment marchec to the front at Warrenton Junction, to cover the retreat of the army, now falling ])ack towai-d Centerville, and on the 14th Meade's entire command was concentrated near the latter place anticipating battle. THE TENTH REGIMENT. 203 But the field of Chantilly was not to receive another baptism of blood; Lee retired and Meade followed, the 20th of October finding the regiment again in camp at Warrenton, when another period of inaction ensued. The Tenth marche'^ on the morning of November 7 to Rappahannock Station, where during the preliminary operations it was detached from its own brigade and joined to General Shaler's. While supporting a battery it lost two men mortally wounded,* but was not actively engaged in the brilliant capture of the Confederate works which followed. After doing some outi^ost and fatigue duty the regiment on the 12th marched to Brandy Station and encamped till the preparations were completed for the Mine Run expedition. In the discomforts of that futile enterprise, lasting from the 2(jtli of Novem!)er to the 3d of December, it had a full share, l)ut was not engaged in such conflict as took })lace, and on the latter date returned to its former camp at Brandy Station. Winter quarters followed, unbroken for some months by any event I of military importance. Toward the close of December something over 100 members of the regiment re-enlisted for three years' ad- ditional service, receiving furloughs of 35 days and large bounties. The winter routine was broken on the 26th of February, 1804, by j the march to Madison Court House in support of a raid ma^e by [ Kilpatrick's cavalry, — a disagreeable journey through a severe i storm, which was ended on the 2d of March by a return to camp. 1 The reorganization of the army and the preparation for the spring* i campaign now followed, and the regiment broke camp for the last I time soon after midnight on the morning of May 4. The Tenth Regiment was among the first of the Sixth Corps en- gaged in the battle of the Wilderness. The brigade formed the right of General Getty's line on the Plank road near the Brock, the Tenth connecting with Wheaton's Brigade and the Second Rhode Island forming the extreme right of the Federal front line, these two regiments being supported respectively by the Seventh and Thirty-seventh. Deploying two of its companies as skirmishers. the regiment advanced at the signal till the enemy's main line was encountered, the thicket being so dense that the movement had to be made by the right of comi)anies to the front. A terribly stul)- born infantry contest at once ensued, the opposing lines pouring into each other a deadly fire for a long time at short range. Both suffered severely. The Rhode Island regiment, being flanked, was 204 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAE. obliged to fall back, its })lacc being taken by the Thirty-seventh, but the men of the Tenth emptied their cartridge-boxes Ijefore giving place to the Seventh, losing two gallant officers killed — First Lieu- tenant William A, Ashley of West Springfield and Second Lieu- tenant Alfred E. Midgley of Spencer. The following day the regiment w^as less closely engaged, though suffering some loss, and that night set out for the right of the Union line, where the other divisions of the corps under General Sedgwick had been doing Taliant service. The Tenth were not further engaged, however, till the opening of the fight at Spottsylvania, on the 8th, when having taken posi- tion on the left of the Fifth Corps troops confronting the enemy, they assisted in repelling several attempts of the foe to force them liack, passing a night of incessant alarm and danger. During the following three days there was continued skirmishing and maneu- vering, but no serious engagement. The 12th of May witnessed the terrible struggle at the "Angle," — one of the most obstinate con- tests known to the war, — and in that engagement the Tenth had an important and honorable share. Shortly after daylight that morning the regiment was advanced to the works captured by Gen- eral Hancock shortly before, and which the Confederates made desperate efforts to recapture, and at once became engaged, main- taining a stubborn contest almost without cessation for nearly twenty-four hours, in the midst of a heavy rain-storm, expending some 300 rounds of ammunition per man ; at times the fight was so close that the opposing forces occupied the different sides of the same works and fought over them with muskets and bayonets. In this action Major Parker received wounds from which he died dur- ing the day, while of the other officers wounded. Captain James 11. Wetherell died on the 26th of June and First Lieutenant Alanson E. Munyan of Northampton on the 21st of May. The Sixth Corps Avas moved to the left of the Union line on the 14th, in the search for a vulnerable ])oint in the o])posing lines, and on the 17th the Tenth, followed by the Tliird Vermont, made a re- connaissance of several miles, ])ushing back the Confederate cavalry and finding their main line impregnably located. Returning from this expedition the regiment marched that night back to the posi- tion near the Angle from which next morning the assault was to be made — known as the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, in THE TENTH REGIMENT. 205 distinction from the other engagements in that region. The brigade, now commanded by Colonel Edwards, formed the second line in the advance, but Wheaton's Brigade soon moved by the flank uncover- ing it, when the regiment forced its way through a terrible fire into the enemy's pits. After suffering from a short range artillery fire for some time the command was withdrawn, the Tenth having lost,, besides a considerable number of wounded and prisoners, First Lieutenant Edwin R. Bartlett of Springfield killed. The casualties- in the regiment from the opening of the Wilderness campaign up to that time had amounted to 186, of whom 53 had been killed or mortally wounded. In Grant's continued movement by the left flank, confronting the foe at the North Anna on the 24th and at Hanover Town on the 28th, skirmishing at Peake's Station on the 30th, the Tenth had known no rest when early in the morning of the 1st of June it was put in motion for the sanguinary field of Cold Harbor. The hot day proved very trying on the march, but soon after reaching the battle-field the brigade, which protected the Federal left flank, was- called into action to repel a flanking movement by the enemy, and for ten days there was little cessation from the continued exposure,, skirmishing and sharp-shooting which constantly thinned the ranks Avhich had become so sadly depleted. The regiment was in the sup- porting line on the 3d, when the futile Union assault was made, and was not closely engaged during the entire operations on that field ; but suffered a loss of over twenty in killed and wounded — largely from the enemy's sharp-shooters. On the night of the 12th of June the Tenth were placed on the picket line covering the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac for a continuation of the move by the left flank, following next morning and rejoining the brigade on the 14th. On the 15th they assisted in covering the crossing of the James river, marching all night of the 16th and through the 17th, arriving in sight of Peters- l»urg, being at once ordered forward in support of the picket line, and on the 18th taking part in the advance against the Confed- ' crate position, being in the second line and losing seven wounded. The regiment was relieved from duty at the front on the evening ^of the 10th and retired to a position near corps head-quarters, from ■which it set out the following day for home ; but while waiting for the necessary arrangements to be made a shell from the enemy 206 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. killed Sergeant Major Policy. The recruits and re-enlisted men whose terms of service had not expired were transferred to a de- tachment connected with the Thirty-seventh regiment, — then the only regimental organization left to the brigade, — and subsequently were consolidated with that command. The remainder left City Point on the mail boat the 21st, reached Washington next day, and arrived at Springfield the 25th, where an enthusiastic reception was accorded the veterans. Five of the companies were mustered out of service on the 1st of July, and the remainder on the 6tli, closing a record of which the organization might well be proud. THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. THE Eleventh Regiment was the third in the state to be mus- tered I'oi' tliree years' service, many of its members enlisting at a public meeting held at the hall of the Everett Associa- tion in lM)ston soon after the news of the firing on Sumter was re- ceived. The leading sj)irit in its organization was Major George Clark, Jr., of the militia, and as the command was principally made up of the clerks and mechanics of the city, it was known as the " IJoston Yolunteers." The building at 179 Court Street was used as quarters until eight companies were filled, when the regiment was ordered to Fort Warren and recruited to the United States standard, occupying quarters at the fort May 9, 1861. The muster took place on the 13th of June, Captain Marshall of the United States army ofticiating, detachments to bring the regiment up to the maximum being added later. The roster of olficers was as fol- lows, Boston being the residence unless otherwise designated : — Colonel, George Clark, Jr., of Dorchester ; lieutenant colonel, WilliumBlaisdell ; major, George P. Tileston; surgeon, Luther Y. Bell of Somerville ; assistant surgeon, John W. Foye ; chaplain, Elisha F. Watson ; adjutant, Brownell Granger; (puirtermaster, J. Frank Lakin; sergeant major, William B. Mitchell ; quartermaster sergeant, Henry Page; couiniissary sergeant, I'eter II. Haskell; hospital steward, Robert E. Jameson ; leader of band, Azel P. Brigbam of Salem. ■ Coni]iany A — Captain, Maclelland Moore ; first lieutenant, Thomas i G. Bowden ; second lieutenant. Jt)hn II. Whitten. Company B, Paul Revere Guard — Captain, John Henry Davis ; first lieutenant, IMelzar Dunbar ; second lieutenant, Frank Hayes. I _ Company C, Clark Light Guard — Captain, Porter 1). Tripp ; first tlieutenant, Alonzo Coy ; second lieutenant, Timothy 1'eatfe. I Company D — Captain, John W. Butters of Boston ; first lieutenant, Malcolm Graham ; second lieutenant, Charles H, De Lord, both of North Woburn. Com])any E — Captain, James R. Bigelow ; first lieutenant, William A.. Clark ; second lieutenant, William E. Farwell. 208 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company F — Captain, Leonard Gordon ; first lieutenant, James W. McDonald of North Woburn ; second lieutenant, Simeon P. Currier. Company G — Captain, William C. Allen; first lieutenant, Edwin Humphrey of Hingliam ; second lieutenant, Joseph P. Myers of East Boston. Company H, Sanford Light Guard — Captain, Selden Page of Leo- minster ; first lieutenant, Charles Henry Colburn ; second lieutenant^ George W. Caleff. Company I, Bunker Hill Volunteers — Captain, Benjamin F. Wright; first lieutenant, John C. Eobertson ; second lieutenant, Albert M. Gammell, all of Charlestown. Company K — Captain, Benjamin Stone, Jr. ; first lieutenant, Will- iam Y. Munroe; second lieutenant, John T. Sweet, all of Dorchester. Two days after being mustered in, the regiment embarked on two steamers and was transported to Boston, marched through the city and Charlestown, receiving ovations and many attentions en route,, to North Cambridge, where it occupied Camp Cameron, which had recently been evacuated by the First Regiment. Here the men were placed on army rations, and much attention was given to per- fecting the command in discipline and soldierly duties. On the 28th a flagstaff was erected at the camp, and the regiment was pre- sented with state and national colors,— the latter the gift of Mrs. E. H. Sanford, for whom Company H w^as named. Next day wit- nessed the departure of the command for Washington, by way of the Old Colony Railroad and steamer from Fall River to New York^ where on the forenoon of the 30th the Sons of Massachusetts ten- dered a welcome and an ovation. Going thence by the steamer Kil Von Kil to Elizabethport, cars were taken for Washington, via Har- risburg. At Baltimore the order to load with ball cartridges was given, in memory of the reception met by the Sixth the previous April ; but this time there was no molestation, and the command marched through the city to the music of Gilmore's band, Wash- ington w^as reached on the 3d of July, and the regiment camped at Camp Sanford on the Treasury Grounds. There it remained for ten days, attracting much attention, when it was ordered across the Potomac, marching on the morning of the 14th to Alexandria, where with the Fifth Massachusetts, Fourth Pennsylvania and First Minnesota Regiments, and Ricketts's Battery of the First United States Artillery, it formed the First Brigade, Third Division, Mc- Dowell's army. Colonel W. B. Franklin commanding the brigade and Colonel S. P. Heintzelman the division. THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 209 The camp on Shiiter's hill, near Fort Ellsworth, was quitted on the afternoon of the 16th of .July, when the forward movement to Bull Run bejran, the regiment marching with little more than an hour's rest till late the following day, though the way was so much obstructed that the bivouac was made near Sangster's Station, west of Fairfax. Starting late in the afternoon of the 18th and marching during the evening the brigade arrived at Centerville, where it re- mained till the morning of the 21st, when it -moved through the Tillage and about noon reached the field of battle. After having been for a time under fire the Eleventh were ordered to the support of Ricketts's Battery, but the latter was soon disabled by the Con- federate fire. After its retreat the regiment took a position on a hill to which it had been directed, and remained till the general re- treat began, when it, too, was forced from the field, having suffered a loss of 88 ; 15 of whom were killed, six mortally wounded, 30 missing and 37 wounded. Most of the wounded fell into the hands of the enemy, including Lieutenant Bowdcn, who died of his wounds at Richmond. Captains Gordon and Allen, the former severely wounded, were also made prisoners. After the battle the Eleventh returned to the camp at Shuter's hill, where it remained till the 9th of August, when it was ordered to Bladensburg, Md., and joined General Hooker's Brigade, the other regiments of which were the First Massachusetts, Second New Hampshire and Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania. At the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac into divisions, two months kitcr, the First Michigan Regiment was added to the brigade, which became the First Brigade of Hooker's Division. About this time many changes occurred in the I'oster of otfieers. Colonel Clark resigned from the 11th of October, owing to ill-health, the lieutenant colonel and major being promoted in regular course and Captain Tripp l)e- coming major. Surgeon Bell having been promoted to brigade sur- geon, (in which capacity he died of disease February 11, 1862,) Ira Russell of Xatick was commissioned surgeon, dating from August 27, 1861. Late in October the regiment, with its brigade, marched to near Budd's Ferry, 45 miles below Washington on the Maryland shore of the Potomac, where in picket duty, watching the Confede- rate batteries on the op})osite shore, and taking part in an occasional expedition of no great importance, the winter passed. During a considerable part of the winter Colonel Cowdin of the 210 2IASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. First Massachusetts commanded the brigade, but on the 5th of April, 1862, when it embarked for the Peninsuhx, it was under command of General Henry M. Naglee, and known as the Second Brigade, Hooker's Division, Heintzelman's (Third) Corps. Gen- eral Naglee was soon succeeded in the command of the brigade by General Cuvier Grover, when it again became the First Bri- gade. The regiment encamped before Yorktown on the 12th of April, taking part in the siege which followed, and with Hooker's Division joining in the pursuit of the Confederate army on the 4th of May. The Eleventh was one of the first regiments to become engaged in the battle uf Williamsburg on the 5th. About 5 o'clock in the morning it took position on the right of the Second New Hamp- shire, and with two companies deployed as skirmishers advanced to short range of the enemy's works, holding the position till half- past 9. It was then withdrawn and with another regiment was moved to the right and rear through the woods in search of nn^ bodies of the enemy which might threaten the flank in that direc- tion. Finding no foe, Colonel Blaisdell led his command back to its former position, and about half-past 3 was ordered to the left to meet a flanking movement in that direction. The regiment at once became engaged and held its position till relieved by fresh troops. Its loss in this battle was seven killed, 59 wounded and one miss- ing, and for its gallant conduct in the engagement it received from Governor Andrew a new regimental color. At the battk; of Fair Oaks the Eleventh were not engaged, but at Oak Grove, on the 25th of June, they performed valiant duty on the skirmish line, advancing in the face of a very heavy fire, but fortunately with a loss of only 18 wounded. In none of the re- maining battles of the Peninsular campaign did the regiment take a jirominent part, though often under fire and having a few men wounded. It went into camp at Harrison's Landing after the battle of Malvern Hill, and took part in the reconnaissance of August 5 to that i)oint, and in the resulting skirmish. On the 15th it marched from IIarris(jn's Landing for Yorktown, embarking thence for Alex- andria and reaching the latter place on the 23d. Encamping there till the evening of the 25th, the regiment took cars and early next morning reached Warrenton Junction, moving on the 27th to Cat- lett's Station, coming under arlillcry lire of the enemy who were I THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 211 being driven from that i)lacc, by which one man of the Eleventh was ■wounded while in support of a battery. On the 28th the command marched to join in the impending Second Bull Run battle, and next morning confronted the enemy on the field where it had fought more than a year before. It was not called into action, however, till the middle of the afternoon, when Grover's Brigade was directed to charge the Confederate lines in front, the Eleventh being the battalion of direction. The regiment at once moved across a wide field and through a piece of woods beyond in which the enemy's first line was met and routed. The second line was encountered behind a railroad embankment some ten feet high, from which a deadly fire was delivered and the regiment hesitated, but a moment later climbed the embankment, fought hand to hand over its crest, and presently sent the defenders flying from that strong position. Still advancing, the regiment and the brigade encountered a strong line of rebels and an enfilading fire which threw the shattered line into confusion and rendered any further advance impossible. The entire brigade fought bravely and lost heavily. The Eleventh lost, out of 283 taken into action, ten killed, 77 wounded and 25 missing, all within 20 minutes. Among the slain were Lieutenant Colonel Tileston and First Lieutenant William R. Porter of Boston, and Captain Stone was mortally wounded, dying on the lOtli of Sej)tember. Most of the wounded and all of the killed were left behind when the regiment fell back to the position from which it had been ordered to charge many times its own number, strongly posted and awaiting the assault. During the next day the regiment moved to different points on the field, finally falling back to Centerville, where it remained till the 1st of September, when it marched to the vicinity of Fort Lyon and on the 3d went into camp. The vacancy caused by the death of Lieu- tenant Colonel Tileston was filled b}^the promotion of Major Tripp, Captain James W. McDonald being commissioned major. The regiment remained in its camp near Alexandria till the first of November, engaged in strengthening the Washington defenses. It then marched by easy stages to Warrenton Junction, where it arrived on the 9th and formed part of a provisional brigade, com- manded by Colonel Blaisdell. Remaining there till the 18th, it then moved back by Avay of Manassas and Fairfax, encamping on the 22d at Wolf Run Shoals. It joined on the 2oth in the 212 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. march to Falmouth, near which it arrived on the 28th. The bri- gade — to which the Eleventh New Jersej' Regiment had been added — was at that time commanded by General J. B. Carr and the divisi;)n by General Sickles. At the battle of Fredericksburg the Eleventh were not engaged, and suffered a loss of but two men wounded. Crossing at General Franklin's bridges at night of the 12th of Peccmber, they were detailed to guard the bridges for 24 hours, after which they rejoined the division at the front, remained there till the army recrossed to the Falmouth shore, and then returned to their old camp. The regiment took part in the " Mud j\[areli " of January 20-23, 1863, and afterward reoccupied its former camp till the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign, with the exception of a detail Feb- ruary 5 to support a cavalry reconnaissance in the vicinity of United States Ford, some 17 miles up the Rappahannock. Camp was broken on the 29th of April, when the regiment accompanied its corps, first to the Franklin Crossing below Fredericksburg and then up the river to United States Ford, where it crossed and advanced to Chancellorsville. It reported to General Hancock on the morn- ing of the 2d of May, and was directed to reconnoiter the ground to the left of the Union line, which it did, becoming at once engaged and repulsing several attacks by the enemy. The command was warmly thanked by General Hancock for its gallantry, and during the night rejoined the division. A sharp attack was made on the Union position next morning, and the regiment in defending itself against the repeated assaults suffered severely. When the fight- ing finally ended with the establishment of the Union lines, the Eleventh were found to have lost 11 killed, including First Lieuten- ants John Munn and John S. Harris, 57 wounded, and 11 missing. The river was recrossed on the Gth, and once more the regiment encamped " near Falmouth " till the northward movement of Lee's army called the loyal army in the same direction. The Eleventh set out on the afternoon of June 11, marching to Hartwood Church, thence by way of iJeverly Ford and Gum Sj)rings, stopping at the latter place five days, across the Potomac at Edwards Ferry, by way of Frederick, Tancytown and Emmittsburg to Gettys- burg, where they arrived on the night of July 1. In that battle the regiment was still a part of the First Brigade, Second Division, Third Corps. General Carr's brigade had been changed somewhat, THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT 213 coni[)ri.sini^ at that time the First, Eleventh and Sixteenth Massa- chusetts, Twelfth New Hampshire, Eleventh New Jersey, Twenty- sixth and Eitrhly-fourth Pennsylvania Regiments. General A. A. IIum])hreys commanded the division, which formed the right of the line of battle of the Third Corps, and was not at first involved by the attack of Longstreet on the afternoon of July 2 ; but when the regiment, commanded during the action by Lieutenant Colonel Tri})p, became involved it suffered terrilily, losing more than half the number taken into action. Captain Edwin Humphrey and 25 enlisted men Averc killed, 93 wounded and ten missing, a total of 129. The regiment remained on the field till the 7th, when it joined in the pursuit of the defeated Confederate army, moving by way of Frederick to Williamsport, thence following Lee's army into Vir- ginia and reaching "Warrenton on the 2Gth. On the 1st of August it marched to Beverly Ford, where it remained till tlic loth of September, when crossing the Rappahannock at Freeman's Ford it advanced to Culpcper and there encam})('d till the 8th of October. The regiment then formed part of the force sent to the support of the cavalry at James City, returning to Culpepcr at night of the 10th and next moi'ning recrossing the Rappahannock. The regi- ment remained on guard at the fords of the river till the army had passed, when it followed and resuming its place in the column took part in the strategic movement north to Centcrville, and after the retiring of the Confederate army without risking a battle marched back as far as Catlett's Station, where it went into camp on the 21st. On the 30th it moved south* to near Bealton, and on the Tth of November crossed the Rappahannock again at Kelly's Ford. The leading division of the corps had engaged the enemy at the Ford, but the Eleventh were not called upon to participate, and marching next day to Brandy Station went into camp. The " ^line Run" campaign began on the 26th of November, when the regiment with its corps crossed the Rapidan at Jacob's Mills Ford, encamping that night a few miles beyond and the fol- lowing afternoon joining battle with the enemy, the regiment suf- fering a loss of four killed, 17 wounded and eight missing. Next morning General French, the commander of the Third Corps, suc- ceeded in extricating his troops from the wilderness and joining the other corps near Robertson's Tavern, going into position that night near ^line Run, — whence after two days of indecision, the 214 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUB WAR. idea of a battle having been abandoned, the retriment joined Gregg's division of cavalry to serve as rear guard during .the retreat, and on the 3d of December, well exhausted by the fruitless cxj)osure and hardships, reached its former camp. Winter cjuarters were established, and the opening of another campaign was awaited. In the reorganization of the army, the Eleventh was made part of the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Second Corps. The bri- gade was commanded by Colonel William R. Brewster, and besides the Eleventh consisted of the five regiments of the New York " Ex- celsior "Brigade, numbered from the Seventieth to the Seventy- fourth inclusive, the One Hundred and Twentieth New York and Eighty-fourth Pennsylvania Regiments ; General Mott commanded the division and General Hancock the corps. In the winter and early spring preceding the campaign the Eleventh lost several of its officers from dismissal, the list including the chaplain, two captains and some lieutenants. In this respect the regiment was unfortunate, the records showing that it suffered heavier loss of officers than any other from Massachusetts, the total being ten, with one cashiered. The camp at Brandy Station was broken just before midnight of May 3, 1864, and the following noon the regiment crossed the Rapi- dan at Ely's Ford, bivouacking that night on the old field of Chan- cellorsville. The Wilderness was reached in the middle of the after- noon of the 5th, and as fighting was already in i)rogress the regi- ment soon found itself advancing and encountering the enemy. The contest, with vaiying advantage, continued till darkness ended it, and was resumed next morntng, Brewster's Brigade advancing against the enemy in the front line. Once during the contest the position of the brigade was flanked, and it became necessary for it to fall back, when it took position behind intrenchments and re- pulsed the final attack of the Confederates. Tiiere the command remained fill night of the 7th, but there was no more fighting and at evening the Eleventh went on picket while the army moved away to meet their wily antagonists again at Spottsylvania. The loss of the regiment in the battle of the Wilderness amounted to nine killed, 54 wounded and 12 missing. The picket Avas relieved at 10 o'clock next morning, and the Eleventh rejoined the brigade at Todd's Tavern, where it remained two days, when it moved five miles toward Spottsylvania, and on the afternoon of the lOfh with its division joined in an attack uj)i)n THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 215 the Confederate position in concert with another by Colonel Upton commanding' a briu'ade of the Sixth Cor])s. Owintj; to the difticult nature of the ground and an enfilading fire from the hostile artillery, General Mott's attack amounted to nothing, and the troops after attempting an advance fell back to their former jiosition. During the night of the 11th the Second Corps was massed in front of the part of the Confederate line known as the Angle, and at daybreak charged with fine success, making heavy captures. This triumph was followed by the desperate attempt of the enemy to regain the lost works, and in the stubborn contest which ensued the Eleventh suffered a loss of five killed, 35 wounded and four missing. The regiment took part in no further important conflicts while the armies confronted each other there, and on the 21st, after re- ceiving 45 enlisted men transferred from the First Massachusetts, joined in the march toward the North Anna. That stream, across Avhich the Confederates were again waiting for the coming of the Union army — CJeneral Lee having secured an especially imprognaljle position — was reached on the afternoon of the 23d, and next morn- ing the regiment crossed at the Telegraph Road bridge, from the immediate vicinity of which the enemy had fallen back though still maintaining a heavy fire over that part of the field. The Eleventh at once went into position and remained there till night of the 26th, meeting a total loss of seven — one of whom was killed and two were missing. In the operations preceding and during the struggle for Cold Har- bor, the Eleventh were not heavily engaged, though in various skir- mishes a loss was sustained of one man killed and nine wounded. On the 12th of June the term of original enlistment of the regi- ment expired, and while the Army of the Potomac was preparing to move across the James and operate against Richmond from the south, 304 members of the command, including 14 oflicers, turned their faces toward Massachusetts after three years of honorable service. Eight officers and 336 enlisted men remained, who were formed into a battalion of five companies, retaining the original regimental name. That evening the march toward Petersburg be- gan, and three days later the command bivouacked within two miles of the city. On the four ensuing days the battalion was under fire and skirmishing, losing one man killed and 19 wounded. On the 23d a sad loss bufell the battalion and Massachusetts in the death 216 ^fASSACIIUSETTS IX THE U'An. of Colonel Blaisdell, who was killed before Petersburg while in command of the Corcoran Legion. On the 27th the command was moved some distance to the left and occupied works vacated liythe Sixth Corps, where the battalion remained more than two weeks engaged in picket and other duties. During this time it was joined bv two additional companies, made up of members of the Sixteenth Regiment, whose term had not ex- pired — five officers and 194 enlisted men. The Eleventh nu^rched to a reserve camp to the rear of the general line of works July 13, where they remained till the 26th, cutting sunken roads and ])er- forming other work of a similar nature. That evening the battalion marched to the James river, crossed it next morning and took posi- tion in the woods near Deep Bottom. After a day passed in that location a long march took the command back again to the south of Petersburg, in rear of the lines held by the Eighteenth Corps, a portion of whom in the front lines the Eleventh relieved on the night of the 29th, maintaining that position the following day under heavy lire during the battle of the Crater — loss, one man wounded. That night the battalion returned to its reserve camp and re- mained there till the 12th of August, when it marched to City Point, went by transport next day to Deep Bottom and on the following morning was again in front of the enemy at that point. On the 16th it was pushed forward alone to develop the location of the enemy, which was done at a loss of two wounded, when the Eleventh rejoined the brigade, and on the 18th the command returned to the south side of the James, crossing at Point of Rocks. A position Avas taken in the front line of the Ninth Corps on the 19th, but dur- ing the afternoon the battalion was relieved and marched to the vicinity of Fort Davis, where it remained till the 1st of October, being engaged in several demonstrations and under lire on the picket line, meeting a total loss of two killed and four woimded. The battalion marched five miles to the left, to Poplar Grove Church, on the 1st of October, and next morning formed line of battle, being presently detached from the brigade and moved still further to the left, along works formerly occupied by the enemy, meeting the Confederate lire and losing two men killed and one wounded. After skirmishing in the locality through the day the Eleventh rejoined the brigade at night and remained with it uear the church, fortifying and on picket till the 5th, when the column THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 21T returned to its position before Petersburg, At night of the 24th the 1)attalion Avas drawn to the roar in ])reparation for a contemplated movement totlic left by a considerable part of the Second and Fifth Corps Avith cavalry, and began the march on the afternoon of the 2Gth, passing the night near the Weldon railroad and next morning continuing the movement toward the Boydtowu Plank road, eight miles distant through a difficult country. On reaching the road, line of battle was formed, but the enemy were soon found to be in the rear and the line faced about and charged back in the direction whence it had come. The Eleventh soon met the foe and captured 20 prisoners, though at considerable loss. Following this engage- ment, the battalion fell back to the crest of a hill over which it had charged, where line was formed, and later position was taken in the vicinity of the plank road, where the command remained till night, when it roi)orted to the field hospital to assist in carrying the Avounded to the rear. After two hours in this sad duty the Eleventh rejoined the Itrigade and began the return march to the vicinity of Petersburg, where they arrived on the 29th. The loss of the bat- talion on the 2Tth was three killed, nine wounded and 12 missing — supposed to have been wounded and fallen into the hands of the enemy. Among the killed was Captain Alexander McTavish ; Cap- tain David A. Granger being mortalh' wounded and left on the field. At the close of the month the battalion moved into fhe front line near Fort ^lorton, where it remained on duty for more than four weeks. A considerable i)art of the command was engaged in re- pulsing an attack on the picket line on the night of the 5th of November, the loss to the Eleventh being two men wounded and Adjutant ^Michael Boucher captured. On the night of iha 29th the battalion was withdrawn and next day marched to Poplar Grove Church, where it remained on picket for a week and then joined in an expedition to destroy the Weldon railroad to the south. This was done from Jarratt's Station to the Meherrin river, when the column returned to the main body and the battalion went into posi- tion near the left of the army at Yellow House Station, where the close of the year found it attached to the Third Brigade, Third Division, Second Corps. Lieutenant Colonel Charles C. Rivers was in command of the Eleventh, and Colonel JIcAllister of the brigade. The first important movement of the year 1865 was that to Hatch- ers Run, February 5, in which the Eleventh took part, suffering 218 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. from the inclement weather but rendering valuable service in repuls- ing an attack by the Confederates and afterward in fortifying the o-round gained. These new works the battalion assisted in manning: till the opening of the final series of operations on tlie 26th of March. From that time till the surrender of Lee's army the command was almost incessantly under arms, contributing valiantly to the final result. In a charge on the enemy's works on the 29th of March, Cap- tain William R. Bennett and First Lieutenant Henry Harrington with a number of men were separated from the main part of the battalion and made prisoners, but the loss in killed and wounded was not serious. The Army of Northern Virginia having surrendered, the Eleventh with the rest of the Second Corps moved to the vicinity of "Washing ton and encamped, performing only camp duty till ordered home for muster out. Lieutenant Colonel Rivers resigned on the 15th of June, and was succeeded by Major Thomas H. Dunham, promoted. The command reached Readville on the 13th of July, and was mus- tered out the following day. Of its officers, in addition to those men- tioned heretofore, several died in the service, including Captain Albert M. Gammell, accidentally killed on the Eastern railroad De- cember 17, 1863 ; First Lieutenants Alonzo Coy and William B. Mor- rill died of disease, dates unknown; Second Lieutenant William B. Mitchell died at the IVIassachusetts General Hospital July 30, 1863 ; and Second Lieutenant Peter T. Gouldie died of Avounds September 13, 1864, after having been commissioned first lieutenant. THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. THE Twelfth or Webster Regiment took its title from its first colonel, Fletcher Webster, by whom it was organized. Mr. Webster, then the only survivmg son of Daniel Webster, was at the outbreak of the war surveyor of the port of Boston. Receiv- ing from Governor Andrew permission to recruit a regiment, he issued a call for a mass-meeting on Sunday, the 21st of April, 1861, in front of the Merchants' Exchange on State street. A vast con- course was assembled, the enthusiasm ran high, and Avhile enlist- ment pa])ers Avere i)repared and rapidly filled, the lousiness men of the city contributed generously to ecpiip the embryo regiment in a worthy manner. It is a matter of record that within tliree days 1(5 full companies were enlisted in the city, but only live of them formed part of the Webster Regiment. The regular militia regi- ments were being reorganized, and needed recruits to bring them up to the national standard, but the peo])le everywhere were ready to fill the ranks, and within two weeks Mr. Webster was duly com- missioned colonel of a complete and well-equipped regiment. At first the recruits were quartered and drilled in Faneuil Hall and other available buildings in the city ; but as their numbers in- creased they were transferred to the barracks in Fort Warren, Bos- ton Harbor, where the organization was completed. It was accepted as a part of the quota of Massachusetts on the 14th of June, 850 of its members were mustered into the United States service by Captain Marshall of the regidar army on the 26th, and the balance on the mil of July. The original roster follows: — Colouel, Fletcher Webster of Marshficld; lieutenant colonel, Timothy M. Brjan, Jr., of Xcwton ; major, Elisiia M. Burbaiik of Woburn ; surgeon, Jedediah H. Baxter of Bcjston; assistant surgeon, J. McLean Hayward of Boston ; cha|)Iain, Edward L. Clark of Andover; adjutant, Thomas. P. Havilaud of Newton ; quartermaster, David Wood of Lex- ington ; sergeant major, Gerald Fitzgerald of Boston ; quartermaster 220 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. sergeant, Loring W. Muzzey of Lexington ; commissary sergeant, Charles W. Thompson of Boston ; hospital steward, C. 0. Hutching of Maine ; princii)al musician, Lucius M. Hamilton of Weymouth ; leader of band, William J. Martland of North Bridge water. Company A, Felton Guards — Captain, Richard H. Kiml)all ; first lieutenant, William G. White ; second lieutenant, George W. Orne, all of Boston. Company B, Dehon Guards — Captain, George W. Murch ; first lieutenant, Frederick E. Shattuck, both of Boston ; second lieuten- ant, Charles T. Packard of North Bridgewater. Company C — Captain, Daniel G. Handy of Boston ; first lieutenant, Edward T. Pearcc of Gloucester ; second lieutenant, Harlan P. Ben- nett of Boston. Company [), Latin School Guard — Captain, Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, Jr. ; first lieutenant, J. Otis Williams ; second lieutenant, George B. Drake, all of Boston. Company E, Emerson Guards — Captain, Edward C. Saltmarsh ; first lieutenant, George H. Davis ; second lieutenant, Samuel Apple- ton, all of Boston. Company F — Captain, Alexander Hichborn ; first lieutenant, Alpheus K. Harmon ; second lieutenant, Hiram W. Copeland, all of North Bridgewater. Company G — Captain, Ira Blanchard ; first lieutenant, Edward P, Reed ; second lieutenant, Lysander F. Gushing, all of Abington. Company H — Ca]itain, James L. Bates ; first lieutenant, (Jharles W. Hastings ; second lieutenant, Francis B. Pratt, all of Weymouth. Com])any I — Captain, John Ripley ; first lieutenant, Chester Clark ;, second lieutenant, Warren Thompson, all of Stoughton. Company K, Dale Guards — Captain, David Allen; first lieuten- ant, Benjamin F. Cook ; second lieutenant, Gilman Saunders, all of Gloucester. The regiment went over to the city and was reviewed by the gov- ernor on the 18th of July, after which it was presented with a fine stand of colors by Hon. Edward Everett in behalf of the ladies of Boston. A final adieu was given to Fort Warren on the 23d of July, the regiment taking cars to Fall River that evening, going by steamer to New York, and thence to Elizabethport, N. J.; from the latter |)lace cars again took the command by way of Harrisburg and Baltimore to Sandy Hook, Md., opposite Harper's Ferry, which was reached on the morning of the 27th. llic Twelfth were at- tached to Abercroml)ic's Brigade, forming a part of the force of which General Banks had just taken command, succeeding Gen- eral Patterson. Aborcrombic's was known as the Second Brigade, Department of the Shenandoah, and consisted at that time, in ad- dition to the Twelfth, of the Second Massachusetts, Twelfth and THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 221 Sixteenth Indiana, the First Pennsylvania Battery being assigned to it some weelvs later. A reorgaaization of General Banks's com- mand on the 25th of September made this the First Brigade ; the Second Massachusetts went to the Tliird Brigade and its phxce was taken in the First by the Thirtieth Pennsylvania, the Sixty-sixth coming in subsequently. The Second was soon returned to the bri- gade, however, and remained with it till the following spring. Tlic lirst march was one of 26 miles on the IGth of August to Buckeyestown, crossing the Monacacy river next day and on the 10th the regiment proceeded to Hyattstown where it camped. A month passed quietly, the camp being shifted some five miles dur- ing the time ; drill, guard and picket duty gave practical education, and details were frequent. Major Burbank, with Companies B and G, was sent to Baltimore on the 12th of September, it being rejjorted that a secession Legislature would convene there; but no such at- tempt was made and the detachment rejoined the regiment October 1. The Twelfth moved through Darnestown to the Potomac Septem- ber 19, and the following day changed position to near Muddy Brancli ;is a part of the force i>ickcting the river. Tbis duty con- tinued till the 22d, when the disaster at Ball's Bluff called the l)ri- gade toward Edwards Ferry, crossing Seneca Creek that day, halting till the 2Gth and then pushing on by way of Poolesville nearly to the Ferry. There the regiment remained till November 29, Avhen it marched by way of Barnesville to near Frederick ; crossing the Monocacy and marching some miles along its eastern bank, a halt was made on a hillside in a forest near the Baltimore pike on the 3d of December, and the site of the first "winter quarters" was reached. The men and officers were comfortably quartered during the win- ter in log cabins, and the only formal '"turn-out" of the regiment was to join in the celebration of Washington's birthday at Frede- rick, February 22. Directly after this "marching ordci's" and rumors began to multi})ly and Camp Hicks was finally quitted early in tbe morning of the 2Tth. Going .by rail from Frederick to the Potomac, the regiment crossed the river on pontons and marched to Shenandoah Village, near by, which was reached in the evening, the night's bivouac being made in some old flour mills where there was much suffering from the cold weather which prevailed for some days. At noon of the 1st of March the re ordinate officers had made their mark in the militia organizations of Boston. Having uniformed themselves and ajjplied for any pos- sible military service, the four companies were on the 25th of May, 1861, sent with an additional company from Roxbury to garrison Fort Inde])cndence in Boston Harbor. The battalion remained at the fort on duty till the early ])urt of July, when five other com- panies were added to complete the regimental organization which it had been decided to form. On the 16th of July the regiment was sufficiently complete to admit of muster, with the following roster of officers, Boston being the place of residence unless otherwise designated : — Colonel, Samuel H. Leonard ; lieutenant colonel, N. Walter liatchel- der ; major, J. Parker Gould of Stoneham ; surgeon, AUston W. Wliit-. neyof Franiinghum; assistant surgeon, J. Theodore Heard ; chai)lain. Noah M. Gaylord ; adjutant, David H. Bradlee ; quartermaster, George E. Craig; sergeant major, Elliott C. Pierce of Weymouth; quartermaster sergeant, Thomas R. Wells of Cambridge ; commissary sergeant, Melvin S. Smith ; hospital steward, John H. White of Cam- bridgeport; leader of band, Thomas C. Richardson of Sudbury. Company A, Boston City Guard — Captain, James A. Fox; first lieutenant, Samuel N, Neat; second lieutenant, George Bush. Company B — Captain, Josephs. Cary ; first lieutenant, John G. Hovey ; second lieutenant, Augustus N. Sampson. Company C — Captain, John Kurtz; first lieutenant, William B. Jackson of Watertown ; second lieutenant, Walter H. Judson of Chelsea. 236 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAR. Company I) — Captuin, Augustine Uarlovv ; first lieutenant, Charles H. Ilovey ; second lieutenant, William H. Cary. Company E — Captain, Charles R. M. Pratt ; first lieutenant, Joseph Colburn ; second lieutenant, Edwin II. Frost, all of lioxbury. Company F — Captain, Henry Whitcombof Boston ; first lieutenant, Abel H. Pope ; second lieutenant, Charles F. Morse, both of Marlboro. Company G, Grey Eagles — Captain, Eben W. Fiske ; first lieuten- ant, Loring S. Richardson; second lieutenant, John H. Foley all of Stoneham. Comi)any H, Mechanic Rillemen — Captain, William L. Clark of Dorchester ; first lieutenant. Perry D. Chamberlain ; second lieuten- ant, Francis Jenks, both of Natick. Company I — Captain, Robert C. H. Screiber of Boston; first lieu- tenant, Moses P. Palmer ; second lieutenant, David L. Brown of Marlboro. Company K, Westboro Rifies — Captain, William V. Blackmer of Westboro ; first lieutenant, William B. Bacon of Worcester ; second lieutenant, Charles B. Fox of Dorchester. The regiment left Fort Independence July 29, taking cars by -way of Worcester and Norwich, halting in New York a portion of the following day, going thence by the Camden and Amboy railroad via Pliiladcl])hia and Han-isburg to Ilagerstown, Md., where it ar- rived on the 1st of August. Resting there a day, it made a con- tinuous march of 26 miles to within a short distance of Harper's Ferry, but two days later retraced its stc])s some 15 miles and crossed the mountains to Sharpsburg, where it was ordered to guard the fords in that vicinity, forming a part of General Charles S. Hamilton's (afterward Stilcs's) Second Brigade, Banks's Division. The other regiments of the brigade were the Ninth New York Militia (Eighty-third Volunteers), Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania and Third Wisconsin. Four of the Companies were placed on duty at head-quarters in Sharpsburg, two each at Antictani Ford, Shepardstown Ford and a point some miles up the river. These j)Ositions were held till the 21st, when the command rc-asscmbled at Sliar{)sburg and set out for Sandy Hook, opposite Harper's Ferry, having during its picket duty taken part in several skirmishes across the Potomac, in which some men had been wounded, and one or two killed. Two companies Avere now put onj;uard at the river, the rest of the regiment bivou- acking near by till the 3d of September, when it was ordered to General Banks's head-quarters at Darnestown, one company being sent to Monocacy Junction to inspect the railroad trains passing THE THinTEEXril BEG IM EXT. 237 that point. Colonel Leonard with his seven reraaininix companies- was on the 10th of October ordered to "Williamsport, 60 miles up the river, where he arrived on the 14th, and was assigned to the com- mand of the district between Harper's Ferry and Hancock. The regiment remained on duty in the vicinity of Williamsport during the balance of the year, making excursions to other points as raid- ing forces of the enemy appeared, and engaged in picket and other service, enduring much hardship, but inaintaining a health record surpassed by very few regiments in the army. The three detached companies rejoined the main body the last of October. Late in November, and again early in January, 1862, four companies were sent to Hancock, in response to calls for reinforcements, and on the latter occasion the detachment remained there till the end of the month, when it rejoined the regiment at "Williamsport, where it had gone into " wint re-enlisted men and recruits which was attached to the Eleventh Massachusetts Regiment and afterward made a part of that organi- zation. During the 1864 campaign the total loss of the regiment in action had been 23 killed, 78 wounded and nine missing — the losses in the several engagements cannot be apportioned. It reached Massachusetts on the 22d of July and five days later was mustered out of service. THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. THE Seventeenth Regiment rendezvoused at Camp Schouler, Lynnlield, the camp being formed on the 10th of July, 1861, and placed under command of Colonel Dike of the Seventh Militia Regiment. Eight of the companies were from Essex county, the first — A — being mustered July 21 and the other nine on the following day. The regiment remained at the camp till the 23d of August, when, the officers having been mustered two days before, it received orders to report to Washington. The make-up of the regiment and the roster of officers follows : — Colonel, Thomas J. C. Amory of Brookline ; lieutenant colonel, John F. Fellows of Chelsea; major, Jones Frankle of Haverhill ; sur- geon, Isaac F. Galloupe of Lynn; assistant surgeon, William H. W. Hinds of Boston; chaplain, William D. Haley of Rochester; adjutant, Barnabas N. Mann of Chelsea; quartermaster, Levi P. Thompson of Cambridge; sergeant major, Henry Poor of Stoneham; quartermas- ter sergeant, Alfred G. Taggard; commissary sergeant, Henry T. Mer- rill, both of Haverhill; hospital steward, George O'Neill of Lyunfield; leader of band, Arthur Hall of Maiden. Company A, Newburyport City Grays — Captain, David F. Brown; first lieutenant, Thomas W. Foster; second lieutenant, Thomas W. Goodwin. Company B, Foster Guards — Captain, Sidney C. Bancroft ; first lieutenant, Robert B. Bancroft, both of South Danvers; second lieu- tenant, John E. Mullally of Salem. Company C, Danvers Light Infantry — Captain.Nehemiah P. Fuller; first lieutenant, William W. Smith; second lieutenant, Reuel B. Pray. Company D, Wallace Guards — Captain, George H. Morrill : tirst lieutenant, Jere A. Greeley, both of Salisbury; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Chesley of Haverhill. Company E, Haverhill — Cajjtain, Michael McNamara ; first lieuten- ant, Henry S])laine; second lieutenant, James Maroney. Company F, Haverhill — Captain, Luther Day ; first lieutenant, Enoch F. Tompkins; second lieutenant, William li. Turner. Company G, Kimball Guard — Captain, George W. Kenncy of Dan- vers; first lieutenant, George W. Tufts ; second lieutenant, Alfred ]\1. Channell, both of Rockport. THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 275 Compuny H, British Volunteers of Boston — Captain, John K. Llovd; first lieutenant, John S. Hammond; second lieutenant, Kobcrt W. McCourt. Compuny I, Saunders Guard — Captain, Thomas Weir; first lieuten- ant, Michael Burns, both of Lawrence; second lieutenant, Archibald Bogle of Melrose. Company K, Maiden Light Infantry — Captain, Joseph R. Simonds of Melrose; first lieutenant, Ivory N. Richardson; second lieutenant, Henry W. Oliver, both of Maiden. The regiment left camp in the evening of the 23d, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Fellows, — Colonel Amory being at that time a captain in the United States Army, but soon after obtaining a leave of absence for three years to accept the commission tendered him hy Governor Andrew. Passing through Boston that night and New York the following afternoon, the command on reaching Balti- more was directed to stop there and report to General Dix, com- jnanding the department. By his direction it went into camj) near the city, forming part of the division under his immediate command, where it remained during the fall and winter. On the 14th of November, Colonel Amory with six companies of his regiment was detailed to accompany the expedition of General II. H. Lock wood into the two East Shore counties of Virginia, to disperse the Con- federate organizations forming within the territory and if possible win the inhabitants back to their allegiance to the L^nion. Returning from this worthy though bloodless enterprise, the regi- ment resumed its encampment near Baltimore and was only called on for routine duties till the following spring, when it sailed for Xewbern, N. C, and joined the division of General Foster, becom- ing part of the First Brigade, First Division of Burnside's army. Colonel Amory commanding the brigade, the other regiments of which were the Twenty-third and Twenty -fifth Massachusetts and Sixth New Hampshire. The first active service of the regiment was in a night expedition intended to surprise and capture a detach- ment of the enemy at Trenton, which took place on the 15th of May, 1862. Owing to a late start, the Third New York Cavalry and a section of artillery that were to co-operate with the Seven- teenth and Twenty-fifth Regiments being delayed by a storm, the attempt at a surprise failed, the column being attacked five miles short of Trenton and a lively skirmish ensuing, in consequence of which Colonel Amory abandoned the undertaking and with his com- 276 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. mand returned to camp, the Seventeenth haA-ing met no loss. Some two months later the regiment took part in another expedition to ascertain the position of the enemy, meeting only parties of videttes. After this nothing occurred to break the routine of camp duties and outpost service till late in the autimm. The force in the department had then been much strengthened bv the arrival of numerous new regiments of nine-months' troops, largely from Massachusetts, and the brigades had l)een reorganized, Amory's consisting of the Seventeenth, Twenty-third, Forty-third, Forty-fifth and Fifty-first Massachusetts Regiments. The Goldsboro expedition set out on the 11th of December, and on the 14th when approaching Kinston encountered the enemy. Wessells's Brigade was first engaged, the Seventeenth being detached from their own brigade to its support, and afterward detailed to accompany the Ninth New Jersey, then acting as an independent command, with the Third New York Cavalry to feel the way for the main column. This arrangement continued till the return of the force to Ncw- bern, and as a result the Seventeenth were among the first troops to enter Kinston after the Confederates left, the regiment being at once made provost guard. It remained on that duty till the march was resumed next day, when it took the advance, encountering the enemy at Whitehall on the 16th, and after several hours' skirmish- ing across the creek, which neither force could cross, the march was resumed toward Goldsboro. Approaching the railroad bridge leading to the town, on the 17th, the destruction of which was the main object of the expedition, a lively conflict ensued. The regi- ment having fought its way to the vicinity of the bridge, two vol- unteers were called for to join a like number from the Ninth New Jersey and fire the structure. Adjutant Mann was one of those who resjjonded, and was wounded in the attempt. The effort was successful, however, and when it was assured that the structure was well ignited the Union forces proceeded to withdraw. After the I'egiment had started upon the return march it was called back by an attack from the Confederates on some of the troops at the rear, but the affair was over before it reached the scene and the march was immediately resumed. The loss of the regiment during the expedition was one killed, 29 wounded and two missing, 19 of the casualties occurring before Goldsboro. After returning from Goldsboro the Seventeenth were engaged in THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 277 provost duty in the city of Newbern till January 26, 1863, when they were relieved by the Forty-fifth Reg-iment and took quarters in the barracks of the latter regiment on the Trent river, some two miles from the town. No duty of importance came to them till the 7th of April, when they formed part of the expedition under Gen- eral Spinola intended for the relief of Little Washington, then hc- sieged by the Confederates. The enemy were found on the 9th in a strongly intrenched position at Blount's Creek, and after engaging them for a time General Spinola returned to Newbern, the Seven- teenth having eight wounded in the fight. On the 17th General Foster in person (having escaped from Little Washington) set out with a larger force, of which the regiment formed part, to raise the siege, but found that Longstreet's troops had departed and the relieving column entered the town unopposed on the 20th ; two days later the Seventeenth returned to Newbern by the steamer Escort. The regiment formed part of a force under General 1. N. Palmer which advanced to Core Creek on the 27th and next day to Dover Station, where a slight engagement took place, but without loss to the Seventeenth, and on the 1st of May the regiment was back again at Newbern. There it remained till the 4th of July, when it joined in a raid to Trenton, being detached there to hold the Kins- ton road while the main column went further, but was back in camp again on the afternoon of the 7th without having been engaged. On the 25th a more extensive movement took the regiment by steamer Peconic to Winton, on the Chowan river, where it joined a detachment from Portsmouth, Va., intended for a raid on Weldon. Tlie Seventeenth led the way toward Murfreesboro, driving in the enemy's outj^osts, and at Mount Tabor Church captured the camp of the Twelfth North Carolina Battalion with 32 prisoners and a quantity of small arms. The regiment remained there Avhile the cavalry of the expedition attempted to reach Weldon, but the enemy was found in force at Jackson and the enterprise was abandoned, the column returning to Winton where the Seventeenth re-embarked and reached Newbern on the 1st of August, having lost three wounded. On the 1st of October the Seventeenth again took up jn-ovost duty in the city, relieving the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, five companies of the regiment being quartered within the town and the remainder encamped outside near Fort Totten. There thoy re- mained at the close of the year. Meantime some changes had oc- 278 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. curred among the officers ; Major Frankle having been detached to raise the Second Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, the vacancy was filled December 29 by the promotion of Captain Luther Day. As- sistant Surgeon Hinds having been promoted surgeon of the Twelfth Regiment, George W. Clark of Boston was appointed to the vacancy, while during the previous year Charles G. A. Eayrs of Lowell had been added to the medical staff. Chaplain Haley had resigned and been succeeded by William P. Colby of Amesbury, who also left the position before the close of the year 1863. Early in 1864 the Seventeenth met with its first serious experience in action. On the 1st of February an attack was made by the Con- federates under General Pickett on the Union outpost at Batchelder's Creek, some eight miles from Newbern, and Lieutenant Colonel Fellows with 115 members of the five companies located outside the city and a section of artillery set out for the support of the One Hundred and Thirty-second New York E-egiment, then holding the threatened position. The bridge across the creek had just been carried by the strong force of the enemy when the Seventeenth de- tachment arrived, but the intrepid Fellows placed his little command to the front and left of the New York regiment and stubbornly dis- puted the progress of the foe till the battery and the other regiment had left the field. The order was then given to fall back to the crossing of the Trent road to make another stand, but in the heavy fog which prevailed the Confederates flanked the party and cut off a large portion of them before the movement could be executed. Three had been killed and three severely wounded during the fight- ing, and 66 were made prisoners, including Lieutenant Colonel Fellows, Surgeon Galloupe and Adjutant Henry A. Chcever — the latter severely wounded. Such of the command as escaped made their Avay back to Newbern and assisted in manning the works and ]>icketing the approaches while the city was 'threatened. After three days of demonstration the enemy withdrew from the vicinity and the usual routine prevailed till the 18th of April, when six companies of the Seventeenth left in transports for Little Wash- ington, which was again threatened by the Confederates, and was besieged by them after the capture of Plymouth on the 20th. The place was evacuated on the 30th,the Seventeenth Regiment with the other troops returning to Newbern, having lost in the fighting about Washington two men killed. Two days later the comi)anies on THE SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT. 279 duty in the city "«'ere relieved by the Fifteenth Connecticut and the regiment encamped on the south bank of the Trent a mile from the city. From that time till the expiration of the original term of enlistment, the regiment was occupied with details on picket at out- posts in the vicinity, the only skirmishing with the enemy in that time being on the 5th of May, when Company B had a lively ex- change of shots Avitli a force which had approached the defenses by way of the railroad. On the 16th of July those whose term of service was about to expire took transports for Massachusetts, where they were mustered out on the 3d of August. The re-enlisted men and recruits were consolidated into a battalion of three companies, commanded by Captain Henry Splaine, who later received the commission of major. A fourth company was formed soon afterward, but was not filled for some time. The battalion was ordered to Newport Barracks, a few miles from Beaufort on the railroad, July 27, and remained there during the ensuing months. The re-enlisted men were granted a furlough of 40 days from the 23d of September, rejoining their comrades at the Barracks November 20. During the winter some 450 men were detached from the Second ]\Iassachusetts Heavy Artillery by Special Order from the War Department and transfer- red to the Seventeenth, making the latter an ei^ght-company organi- zation, of which Major Splaine was commissioned lieutenant colonel and Captain William W. Smith major. The spring cam])aign of 18G5, so far as the Seventeenth Regiment was concerned, opened on the 4th of March, when the command moved to Core Creek, where it was attached to the Third Brigade, Second Division, District of Beaufort, Major Smith commanding the regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Splaine the brigade, and General S. P. Carter the division. On the 7th the division reached Wise's Forks, five miles from Kinston, and set about intrenching in antici- pation of an attack by the enemy under General Bragg. The ex- pected battle began next morning, the Second Brigade being almost annihilated by capture, after which the foe advanced upon the works of the Third Brigade. As they approached Companies A, C and F of the Seventeenth, commanded by Major Smith in person, advanced at the double-quick to meet and retard them as much as possible, that the main line might the better be prepared for resist- ance. During the sharp fight which ensued Company A was at one 280 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. time in possession of a piece of artillery which had recently been caj)tured from the Second Brigade, but it could not be removed in time, and the gallant fellows were driven from it by overwhelming numbers. The fighting at this point continued for three days with varying success, but finally the Confederates were repulsed in an attack on the Union left, where they met such sturdy fighters as the Seventeenth and Twenty-fifth Massachusetts, Ninth New Jersey and Thii'd New York Artillery, and the battle ended. The loss to the Seventeenth during the engagement was about 40 in killed, wounded and missing, ten of whom were killed or fatally wounded. The regiment occupied Kinston from the 15th to the 20th of March, when it moved to Goldsboro, which was reached the next day, and possession of the place being assured returned on the 23d to Bear Creek, 15 miles, and rebuilt a railroad bridge, marching on the 25th to Goldsboro, where General Sherman's army had then arrived. The regiment accompanied Sherman's army for Raleigh on the 10th of April, reaching there on the 14th, and w^as detached from its brigade on the 5th of May to garrison Greensboro, 95 miles away. This duty it performed acceptably till the 11th of July, when it was mustered out of the United States service and started for Massachusetts, reaching Readville on the 19th and on the 26th being paid and discharged. The total loss of the Seventeenth Regiment killed in action was light com])ai-ed with most of the three-years' regiments, being only 11, all enlisted men ; but some 50 died in Confederate prisons, in- cluding First Lieutenant Barnabas N. Mann, October 8, 1864. Three other commissioned officers died in the service, — Colonel (brevet Brigadier General) Amory, at Beaufort October 7, 1864, Captain Levi P. Thompson, September 20, 1862 ; First Lieutenant George W. Tufts, at Baltimore, October 27, 1861. Lieutenant Colonel Fellows while a prisoner of war was one of the Union offi- cers exposed to the fire of the Federal batteries at Charleston, S. C, but was exchanged in time to be mustered out August 9, 1864. THE EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. THE Eighteenth Regiment gathered at Camp Brigham in Ded- ham, but left the state before its organization was complete. Five coni])anies reached the rendezvous early in July, 1861, by direction of the governor, and up to the 20th of August three others had followed. Most of the line officers Avere nmstered on that day, and the enlisted men in camp were sworn in four days -later. Orders to report with the command at Washington were then received, and the journey began on the 26th. About a month later Company A joined the regiment, but Company C did not re- port for duty till the last of November, b^ing sworn into the United States service January 14, 1862. The completed roster of officei'S was as follows : — Colonel, James Barnes of Springfield; lieutenant colonel, Timothy Ingraham of New Bedford; major, Joseph Hayes of Boston; surgeon, David P, Smith of S]iringtield; assistant surgeon, Orlando Brown of Wrentham; chaplain, Benjamin F. JJeCostaof Charlestown; adjutant, George F. Hodges of Roxbury; quartermaster, Sanford Almy of New Bedford; sergeant major, Edward M. Onion of Dedham; quartermas- ter sergeant, John I). Isbell of Springfield; commissary sergeant, William M. Ingralium of New Bedford; hospital steward, \'irtulan R. Stone of Dana; princiiial musician, Cyrus C. Vaughn of New Bedford; leader of l)and, Albert 11. Davis of Somerset. Company A — Captain, Lewis N. Tucker of Milton; first lieutenant, Joseph C. Ayer of Newtonville; second lieutenant, James D. Orne of Springfield. Company B — Ca]itain, George Charles Ruby of Taunton; first lieu- tenant, Cyrus M. Wheaton of Somerset; second lieutenant, Warren Dutton Russell of Brighton. Company C — Captain, William S. McFarlin of Carver; firet lieu- tenant, George M. liarnard, Jr.; second lieutenant, Wiihani Vincent Smith, both of Boston. Company D — Captain, Stephen Thomas of Middleboro; first lieu- tenant, Woodbridge R. Howes of Mattnpoisett ; second beutenaiit, Charles F. Edson of Middleboro. 282 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company E — Captain, Thomas Weston of Middleboro; first lieuten- ant, William Henry Winsor of Plymouth; second lieutenant, John E. Bird of Boston. Company F, Dedham — Captain, Henry Onion; first lieutenant, Charles W. Carroll; second lieutenant, Fisher A. Baker. Company G — Captain, W^illiam B, White of East Abington; first lieutenant, James N. Sparrell of South Scituate; second, lieutenant, William G. Hewins of Dorchester. Company H — Captain, Joseph W. Collingwood; first lieutenant, Charles Henry Drew, both of Plymouth; second lieutenant, Horatio Nelson Dallas of Boston. Company I — Captain, Frederic D. Forrest of Wrentham; first lieu- tenant, Alvin E. Hall of Foxboro; second lieutenant, Samuel H. Bug- bee of Wrentham. Company K — Captain, John L. Spalding of Boston; first lieuten- ant, Benjamin F. Messervy of Qumcy; second lieutenant, Pardon Almy, Jr., of Cambridge. Going by way of New York, Baltimore and Harrisburg, the Eight- eenth reached Washington May 30, and next day reported to Colonel E. D. Baker, going into camp about a mile to the west of the Capitol, the location being called Camp Massachusetts. The regiment was ordered on the 3d of September to cross the river and report to General Fitz John Porter, commanding a division, by whom it was assigned to General Martindale's Brigade, its fellow- regiments being the Second Maine, Thirteenth and Forty-first New York. The regimental camp was located near Fort Corcoran, on ground recently occupied by the Sixty-ninth New York, and the Eighteenth began to see actual service in fatigue duty and on picket. The division was moved to the front on the 26th and went into camp near Hall's Hill, then the outpost of the Union army. This posi- tion was occupied during the winter, the regiment giving much at- tention to drill and discipline, so that at a review held at Bailey's Cross Roads it was especially complimented for excellence by the commander in chief, and as a mark of appreciation received new uniform and camp equipage imported from France and modeled on that of' the French chasseurs a pied. Before the opening of the spring campaign some changes were made in Martindale's Brigade, the Forty-first New York giving place to the Twenty-second jMassa- chusetts and Twenty-fifth New York Regiments, while the Second Company of Massachusetts Sharpshooters was attached to the bri- gade, Avhich was known as the First Brigade, Porter's Division, Third (Heintzelman'sj Corps. TUE EIGIITEENTn REGIMENT. 285 The winter camp was vacated ]\rarch 10, 1862, and the regiment marched to Fairfax, stopping there till the 16th, when it was ordered to Alexandria to embark for the Peninsula. Transports were taken on the 21st, and two days later the command debarked at Old Point Comfort, encamping at Hampton for two days and then at New- market Bridge, where it remained till the Federal army was ready for the forward movement. This began on the 4th of April, and early on the afternoon of the following day the defenses of York- town were reached, before which the Army of the Potomac came to a halt and i-emained for a month. The Eighteenth took active part in the earlier operations by which the enemy's line was located, and three of its companies were at once placed on the skirmish line, while the remainder of the regiment formed a portion of the main, line of battle, but no casualties were suffered. Later the command went into camp near by and daily furnished heavy details for out- post and fatigue duty till the evacuation of Yorktown. Immediately on that event Porter's Division took transports and landed on ther 8th of May at West Point, near the junction of the Matapony and Pamunkey rivers. Up the south side of the latter the division marched, setting out on the 13th, going first to Cumberland, thenca to White House, moving on the 19th toward Richmond as far as Tunstall's Station, and on the 26th to Gaines Mills. During this time the Fifth (Provisional) Army Corps had been formed, of which General Porter was given command. It was com- posed of his own division, the command of which was taken by General Morell, and another under General Sykes. The brigade to which the Eighteenth belonged was strengthened by the addition of the First Michigan Regiment, and was knoAvn as the First Brigade^ First Division. About the same time the regiment exchanged the smooth-bore muskets with which it had thus far been armed for the Springfield rifled pattern. Early in the morning of the 2Tth the division *set out for Hanover Court House, Ijut as the Eighteenth Regiment had been on picket during a heavy storm it was not in condition to march at once ; and though it followed a few hours later it was not in time to take part in the brilliant action by which General Porter defeated the Confederate force under General Branch. It assisted in burying the dead left upon the field by the enemy and on the 29th returned to its camp at Gaines Mills. There it re- mained till the 26th of June, when with the Seventeenth New York 284 3IASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. of Butterfield's Brigade it was detached from the division to ac- company a force of cavalry and artillery under General Stoneman for the protection of the army supplies at White House. The ope- rations Avhich followed were arduous, and demanded many of the best qualities of soldiership, but all were performed in a manner to win praise. The stores there having been destroyed in conformity with McClellan's purpose to change base to the James river, the regiment embarked on transports, dropped down the river and finally by Avay of Fortress Monroe arrived at Harrison's Landing, where it debarked one day before the arrival of the rest of the bri- gade, which meantime had been fighting its way across the Peninsula. With the rest of the army, the Eighteenth encamped at Harri- son's Landing till the 15th of August, the only movement of note during that time so far as they were concerned being a reconnais- sance to the Chickahominy the last of July, returning to camp the same day. Before the transfer to the vicinity of Washington, how- ever, various changes occurred among the officers. Colonel Barnes took command of the brigade, succeeding General Martindale, who was made military governor of Washington ; Lieutenant Colonel Ingraham had been made colonel of a new Massachusetts regiment, then being recruited ; Major Hayes having been prostrated by sick- ness was necessarily away from the regiment, and the command devolved upon Captain Thomas, under whom the march was made on the 15th to the Chickahominy, thence by way of Williamsburg, Yorktown and Hampton to Newport News, where on the 20th trans- ports were taken for Acquia Creek. Going from there by rail to Falmouth, the regiment marched to Rappahannock Station, where it arrived on the 23d. The next few days Avere devoted to maneu- vering and marchings to and fro, falling back on the 27th to War- renton, next day to Catlett's, and on the 29th to Manassas Gap. From this point it marched to the battle of Manassas, or the Second Bull Run, in which it was destined to take an important p?irt. As the brigade, temporarily under command of Colonel Charles W. Roberts of the Second Maine, came upon the field during the forenoon of the 30th it was formed in double line of battle with supports in echelon, the Eighteenth forming the first line in rear of the skirmishers, two of its companies being deployed to extend the skirmish line so as to form connection on the right. An attempt was then made to advance across a field and through a piece of THE EIGIITEENTU REGIMENT. 285 woods, by which it was hoped to flank a Confederate battery ; but the faihire of troops to tlie right and left to advance rendered the attempt futile ; the brigade was soon obliged to halt and answer the fire Avliich was poured in from front and both flanks, and after half an hour of this unccjual contest the decimated regiments fell back to a less cx})Oscd position, Sykcs's Division (Second) of the same corps covering their withdrawal. That night the regiment, which had won high praise for its gallantry during the day, retired with its corps to Centerville. It had lost in the engagement 40 killed, 101 wounded and 28 missing, — more than half of the number taken into action. Of the dead were Captain Charles W. Carroll, First Lieutenant Warren D. Russell and Second Lieutenant Pardon Almy, Jr. Previous to this two officers of the regiment had died from disease — First Lieutenant George F. Hodges on the 31st of January and Second Lieutenant John D. Isbell on the 16th of July. Major Hayes returned to the command of the Eighteenth on the 1st of September. He was soon after promoted to the vacant lieu- tenant colonelcy. Captain Thomas being made major; the commis- sions dated from the 25th of August, but it was some time later that the recipients were mustered to the new rank. During the niglit of the 1st and the following day the regiment marched to Chain Bridge, going on the 3d to Hall's Hill, where it rested till evening of the 6th. It then moved by night to Alexandria and staid till the 9th, thence to Fort Corcoran, opposite Georgetown, making another three-days' halt. Then began the march to the Antietam, where the Fifth Corj)S arrived on the 16th, but beyond supporting batteries on the east side of the creek the Eighteenth took no active part in the engagement. After the fighting was over the regiment was detailed for picket near the Burnside bridge, at the left, where it passed the 18th and the succeeding night, ad- vancing next day to the Potomac. It crossed that river on the 20th, leading its brigade, and opened the action of Shepherds- town, in which the two brigades commanded by Barnes and Sykes encountered four times their number of Confederates, and being unsupported were obliged to fall back. The Eighteenth retired in good order, having lost three killed, 11 wounded and one missing. Following this unsatisfactory experience, the regiment remained in camp near Sharpsburg for about six weeks. The movement southward began on the 30th of October, when 286 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAB. the column marched toward Harper's Ferry, crossed the Potomac there the following day and advanced by easy stages to Warrenton, where it went into* camp on the 9th. During this time the brigade, still commanded by Colonel Barnes, had been enlarged by the ad- dition of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania Regiment ; the division was at that time under General Charles Griffin and the corps was commanded by General Butterfield. Camp was broken on the 17th, the regiment moving by way of Elktown to Hartwood Church, encamping there from the 19th to the 23d and then ad- vancing to a position on the railroad near the village of Falmouth. It remained there, with the exception of a reconnaissance back to Hartwood Church on the 1st of December, till the 11th of that month, when it took position further down the river, opposite Fredericksburg, and remained in waiting there till afternoon of the 13th before it was called on to join in the battle. The call to action came at 1 o'clock, when the regiment led its division across the river, being the first of the Fifth Corps to cross. The brigade at once went to the front and relieved a brigade of the Ninth Corps which had suffered severely in an attempt to reach the enemy's line of works. A charge was made soon after by the Eight- eenth, but it was not successful and cost the command heavily in killed and wounded. After falling back it was reformed and again took its place in the front of the Union line where it remained during the rest of the afternoon and in that vicinity till the even- ing of the following day, when it retired to the town and early the next morning as part of the rear guard covered the withdrawal of the troops from that side of the river. The loss of the regiment in this battle was 13 killed and 121 wounded ; among the former being Captain George C.Ruby and Second Lieutenant James B. Hancock of Cambridge, and of the nine officers wounded Captain Joseph W. Collingwood died on the 24th. Every member of the color guard was wounded, so severe was the fire upon the colors ; but it is worthy of note that not a member of the regiment was missing from his place save the killed and wounded when the ordeal was over. The remainder of the winter and the early spring brought few events of importance to the Eighteenth Regiment, and on but two occasions did it quit camp for any extended operations. Marching up the river to Richards Ford with its brigade on the 30tli of Decem- ber, it forded the Rappahannock next day, the water being waist nil: EIGHTEENTH BEGIMENT. 287 deep, drove back the Confederate videttes on the southern bank, j;s- cended the stream to the next ford, recrossed to the northern shore and made its way back to camp on the 1st of January, 18G3. It took part also in the " Mud March," three weeks later, and when that failed returned to the abandoned camp, remainint>- there till the spring suns had brought the roads into reliable condition and (fcn- eral Hooker, who had succeeded to the command of the Army of the Potomac, had i)erfccted his ])lans for the Chancellorsville cam- paign. The Fifth Corps had now passed under the command of General Meade ; Colonel Barnes had been commissioned a brigadier general of A-olunteers dating from the 29th of Xovcmber previous, in conseipience of which Lieutenant Colonel Hayes and Major Thomas had been advanced each one grade, dating from that time, and Ca])tain William 1>. White was commissioned major from the 1st of March following. The movement for the crossing of the river began on the 27th of A])ril, when the regiment marched to Hartwood Church, advancing the next day to Kelly's Ford. On the 29th it crossed both the Rap- pahannock and the Rapidan, marching next day to Chancellorsville and on the Ist of J\Iay with its corps taking position at the left of the Union line near Banks Ford. The part taken in the battle by the Fifth Corps was not important, and the service of the Eighteenth was not exceptional. It was frequently under fire as demonstra- tions were made on that ])art of the line, and was drawn farther to the right during the course of the battle, its loss being Captain William G. Hewins killed on the 3d of May and 13 men Avoundcd. When the conllict was over, the Fifth Corps formed the rear guard of the Army of the Potomac in its retreat across the river, the Eighteenth Regiment assisting in taking up the ponton bridges when the troops had crossed. Then it returned once more to the camp near Falmouth, where it remained till the 29th, moved to Hart- wood Church, Morrisville and Grove Church, and again halted for two Aveeks. The movement northward which was to end with the battle of Gettysburg began for the Eighteenth on the 14th of June, when the regiment marched to Catlett's Station. It reached Aldie on the 19th and two days later moved to Ashby's Gap in support of the cavalry engagement at Upjjerville, returning to Aldie next day and on the 26th advancing to Edwards Ferry ; thence by way of Frede- 288 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. rick, Liberty, Unionville and Hanover to Gettysburg, Pa., which it reached on the morning of tlie 2d of July. During this time much change had occurred in the malce-up of the Fifth Corps, now com- manded by General Sykes. General Barnes had been promoted to the command of the First Division, Colonel Tilton of the Twenty- second Massachusetts commanded the brigade, which had been re- duced to the two Massachusetts regiments, the One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania and the First Michigan. The part taken in the battle of Gettysburg by the Eighteenth was like that at Chancellorsville, not important, and by a coincidence the loss on the two fields was the same — one killed and 13 wounded. This loss occurred when two brigades of the First Division attempted the assistance of De Trobriand's Brigade, which had been flanked from its position near the " wheat-field." Tilton's Brigade was itself speedily flanked andobliged to fall back. General Barnes, the division commander, being severely wounded at that time. Position was then taken by the brigade near Little Round Top, where it remained dur- ing the following day, and till the army moved from the field. From this time till the close of the year the history of the regi- ment is similar to that of many other organizations in the Army of the Potomac, which shared in the various movements of that body. It left Gettysburg on the 5th of July, crossed the Antietam the 10th, and during the three days following was in line of battle before Williamsport ; thence after the retreat of the Confederate army into Virginia it marched down the river to Berlin, where it crossed the Potomac on the 17th and ten days later went into camp at War- renton. The location was changed to Beverly Ford on the 8th of August and on the 16th the column marched to Culpepcr Court House, where the regiment under command of Major White (Colonel Hayes being in command of the brigade) was detailed as provost guard of the town, and remained on that duty till the 11th of Octo- ber. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas resigned from the 3d of Septem- ber, and the vacancy thus created was filled by the ])romotion of Major White, Captain Thomas Weston being made major — the com- missions dating from October 15. On rejoining its brigade at Beverly Ford the regiment found the Army of the Potomac on the alert to meet the movements of the enemy. Some demonstrations across the Rappahannock followed, and then came the rapid movement of both armies back toward TUE EiailTEEXTH IIEGIMEXT. 280 Washinii'toii, ending Tvith another period of hostile array on the well-worn fields about Manassas, Fairfax Court House and Center- ville, but without engagement. Before the close of the montli the command Avas again back near Warrenton. It joined in the l)rilliant capture of Rappahannock Station on the 7th of November, where it suffered the loss of two killed and 14 wounded — Second Lieuten- ant George F. Weston of Lincoln dying of his injuries January 5, 18G4. The regiment remained in the vicinity of the Rappahannock till the 26th of November, when it advanced to the Rapidan with the cori)s, crossed that stream at Culpeper Ford and took part in the Mine Run campaign which followed, having two men wounded while confronting the enemy's i)Osition. On the 3d of December it once more reached Beverly Ford and encamped for the winter. The months which followed were not a season of inaction, though regimental head-quarters remained at Beverly Ford ; there were heavy daily details for duty along the railroad, in addition to tlie natural demands for guard and outpost. Yet the spirit of the organization remained admirable, and of its few remaining original members 139 re-enlisted for another term of three years, if their services should thus long be required for the redemption of their country. As spring approached the xlrmy of the Potomac was re- organized into three corps, the Fifth being one of those retained, though largely changed in its make-up. By this change the Eight- eenth Regiment found itself a part of the Third Brigade, First Division, the regiments which com})Osed the brigade being in addi- tion the Twentieth j\Iaine, Forty-fourth New York, Eighty-third and One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania, First and Sixteenth Michigan. General Jose])h J. Bartlett was the brigade commander, General Griffin was returned to the division and General Warren took the corps. By this arrangement Colonel Hayes resumed com- mand of his regiment. The Eighteenth began their part in the campaign on the 1st of May, when they crossed the Rappahannock and took position near J3 randy Station, waiting for the moving of the army. This began on the 3d, when an advance was made to Culpeper, the Rapidan was crossed next day at Germania Ford, and that night the com- mand bivouacked near the Wilderness Tavern. Next morning in- telligence came that the enemy were advancing, and the Eighteenth with the Eighty-third Pennsylvania were sent out to investigate. 290 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAR. Reaching the picket line, Colonel Hayes sent out two companies of his regiment under Captain Bent as skirmishers. They advanced, driving back the Confederate skirmish line till it was ascertained that the rebel army was in force, when they returned, having lost one man killed, who was believed to be the first infantryman to fall in the campaign. Taking position in the front line of battle, the regiment joined in the advance which immediately followed and was successful in breaking and forcing back the opposing line till the failure of troops in co-operation to maintain the advance ex- posed the flank of Bartlett's Brigade and necessitated its with- drawal for some distance. During this charge Colonel Hayes was badly wounded in the head, and after the return Major Weston was severely sun-struck, which necessitated his absence for some weeks. The regiment was not again actively engaged till the morning of the 7th, when it was placed on the skirmish line, and fought sharply during the morning. Soon after noon it led forward a line of battle to feel the Confederate position; finding them strongly posted the Union troops retired and the Eighteenth were relieved, having lost in the various operations during the battle seven killed and 19 wounded. All of the night which followed was consumed in the slow move- ment to the left, morning linding the corps near Laurel Hill. Grif- fin's Division took the right hand road at the fork near Alsop's, Bartlett's Brigade leading in double line of battle, the Eighteenth holding the right of the second line. The enemy's works were soon reached and attacked, but the defenders were in force and the as- sault failed, the division being reformed and holding a position near the farthest point of advance. The loss of the regiment in this engagement was one killed and nine wounded. While on picket during the night of the 10th the command suffered a further loss of three wounded. These experiences ended the actual fighting of the regiment in the battles before Spottsylvania, though it took part in all the movements of its division and had a full share in the in- cessant hardships of the occasion. After the tedious night march to the left, and spending some days there in the vain effort to lind an unguarded spot in the line of intrenchments, the field was evacuated, as that in the Wildei'ness had been, and the army moved by the left flank once more. The 23d of May brought the command to the North Anna, where in the early part of the afternoon it waded the river at Jericho Ford, the Eighteenth being placed in an THE EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. 201 important position near the Fountain homestead, to prevent its oc- cupation by the enemy. Tlierc was a lively engagement between the skirmishers at this point before the main attack on the hastily established Union lines which followed, but the only loss of the regiment — and that a serious one — came from the wounding of Lieutenant Colonel White, Captain Messervy succeeding him as regimental commander. During the time that the armies confronted each other the Eight- eenth occupied various positions, now in reserve, then assisting in destroying the railroad and again on the picket line, but without further casualty. After dark on the night of the 26th the entire picket line fell back cautiously and finally crossed the river, the movement to the left being resumed. Next day the regiment guarded the ammunition train, crossed the Pamunkey river on the 28th and rejoined its brigade, advancing on the 30th by the Shady Grove road and in the skirmishing of the day having three men wounded. The position being intrenched next day, another ad- vance occurred on the 1st of June, when the line moved forward some distance, the Eighteenth on the right and in front, being separated from the Ninth Corps by a ravine. Work on intrench- ments was at once begun, but had not progressed far when the enemy suddenly emerged from the ravine, drove the pickets in and attempted to I'oute the Eighteenth ; but the regiment received the assailants with so bitter a fire that they hugged the earth till dusk and then withdrew. The Eighteenth, having exhausted their am- munition, held the line for some time before being relieved, with no reliance in case of a renewal of the attack but their bayonets. Their loss in the encounter was six killed and nine wounded. Some adjustment of the corps was made during the next two days, and the withdrawal and advancement of the lines elicited prompt atten- tion from the watchful Confederates. In the attendant fighting the regiment lost two men wounded on the 'Id, and the next day had six killed and seven wounded — among the slain being Captain Charles F. Pray of Quincy. In pursuance of General Grant's plan to move his army beyond the James river, the Fifth Corps was withdrawn from its position on the right and moved to the left of the line at Cold Harbor, where it took position in the rear of the Second Corps on the morning of the 6tli. Very early on the 7th Griffin's Division moved still fur- 292 MASSACnUSETTS IN THE WAR. ther to the left, the Eighteenth in advance, to Sumner's Bridge on the Chickahominy. The hostile pickets being found on the hither side of the stream were driven across by skirmishers from the regiment, after which a picket line was established covering the bridge, the rest of the command in reserve. This was done at a cost of three wounded — two mortally. The command remained in that vicinity till the 12th, when it moved down the Chickahominy to Jones's Bridge, crossed the next day by the ponton bridge, was ferried across the James on the 16th, and marched at once toward Petersburg. In the fighting of the first few days before that city the Eighteenth were not engaged, their division forming a part of the reserve. Major Weston returned and resumed command on the 20th, the corps being next day moved further to the left where it intrenched and remained till the 20th of July, when those whose terms of en- listment were about to expire were ordered to Washington for mus- ter out. The recruits and re-enlisted men were temporarily formed into a battalion, the officers being Captain Luther 8. Bent of Quincy, commanding, with the following first lieutenants as line oilicers : George W. Smith of Cambridge, John A. Walch of Wareham, Amasa Guild, James M. Pond and William C. Coburn, all of Ded- ham. This battalion, during the time that it maintained its organi- zation, well upheld the reputation of the regiment Avhose name it inherited. In addition to the duties of the siege, of which it bore its full share, it had part in two important actions at the left of the lines of investment. The first of these was on the 21st of August, when it assisted in repelling the attack of the Confederates at the Weldon railroad, the battalion capturing 50 prisoners and a flag of the Twenty-seventh South Carolina. On the 30th of September, at Peebles Farm, the detachment won additional credit, Captain Bent commanding the skirmish line on that occasion and winning the brevet of major for " gallant and distinguished services." During October the battalion was consolidated with the Thirty-second Mas- sachusetts Regiment, most of the officers being discharged, and the Eighteenth ceased to be an organization, the original members hav- ing been mustered out on the 2d of September. THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. THE Nineteenth Regiment was organized at Camp Schouler, Lynnlield, the nucleus being the three companies of the First Battalion of Rifles, to which other Essex county organi- zations were added. The regiment had not, however, reached the maximum number Avhcn the call of the secretary of war for all available regiments and detachments to be hurried forward at once caused its muster and departure for Washington, August 28, 1861. The Held officers were commissioned August 3 and the staff and line on the 22d, the roster following : — Colonel, Edward W. Hincks of Lynn; lieutenant colonel, Arthur F. Devereux of Salem; major, Henry J. Howe of Haverhill; surgeon, J. Franklin Dyer of Gloucester; assistant surgeon, Josiali N. Willard of Boston ; chaphiin, Joseph C, Cromack of Worcester ; adjutant, John C. Chadwick of Salem; quartermaster, Levi Shaw of Rockport; sergeant major, Samuel Baxter of Newburyport; (piartermaster ser- geant, Oliver F. Briggs of Boston; commissary sergeant, Elisha A. Hinks of Orrington, Me. ; hospital steward, William E. Barrows of Andover; principal musician, JosepL L. Kendall of Lynnfield; leader of band, Jobn A. Spofford of South Reading. Company A — Captain, Moses P. Stanwood of West Newbury; first lieutenant, Cbarles M. Merritt of Lynn; second lieutenant, Isaac H. Boyd of West Xewbury. Company B — Captain, Elijah P. Rogers of Newbury: first lieuten- ant, John Hodges, Jr., of Salem; second lieutenant, James T. Lurvey of Lowell. Company C — Captain, Joseph Scott Todd of Rowley; first lieuten- ant, George W. Batchelder of Salem ; second lieutenant, Samuel S. Prime of Rowley. Company D — Captain, James D. Russell of Boston; first lieutenant, ^loncena Dunn of Roxbury; second lieutenant, John P. Reynolds, Jr., of Salem. Company E — Captain, Andrew Maboney of Boston; first lieuten- ant, David Lee of Lancaster, Pa.; second lieutenant, George M. Ban-y of Boston. Company F — Captain, Edmund Rice of Cambridge; first liouten- 294 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. ant, James H. Eice of Brighton; second lieutenant, James G. 0. Dodge of Boston. Company G — Captain, Harrison G. 0. Weymouth of Lowell; first lieutenant, Samuel D. Ilovey of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Dud- ley C. Mumford of Medford. Company H — Captain, William H. Wilson of Boston; first lieuten- ant, Henry A. Hale of Salem; second lieutenant, William H. LeCain of Boston, Company H (3d) — Captain, Charles U. Devereux of Salem; first lieutenant, Albert Thorndike of Beverly; second lieutenant, Charles B. Warner of South Danvers. Company I — Captain, Jonathan F. Plimpton; first lieutenant, Christopher C. Sampson, both of Boston; second lieutenant, William Palmer of Salem. Company K. Tiger Fire Zouaves of Boston — Captain, Ansel D. Wass; first lieutenant, Eugene Kelty; second lieutenant, Edward P. Bishop. The command reached Washington at evening of the SOtli of August, and next day marched to Camp Kalorama at Meridian Hill, where for two weeks it devoted its time to drill, much needed, as many of its members had been enlisted during the few days previous to leaving Massachusetts. As it had come out with something less than 800 men, the original Company H was broken up during No- vember and distributed among the other companies, a new company being recruited and sent on to take its place. Lieutenant Hale of the original company was transferred to Company I, the other two officers resigning. On the 12th of September orders were received assigning the regiment to General Lander's Brigade of Stone's Division and directing it to report to Poolesville, then the head- quarters of that division, known as the Corps of Observation. A march of three days took the regiment to its destination, near Ed- wards Ferry, a few miles from Poolesville, the other troops of the l)rigade being the Twentieth Massachusetts and Seventh Michigan Regiments and the First Company of Massachusetts Sharpshooters. Six companies were detailed from the Nineteenth to picket the Potomac between Conrad's Ferry and Sheldon's Island, and this ar- rangement continued till the battle of Ball's Bluff, October 21. On the afternoon of that day eight companies of the regiment were gathered at the crossing by way of Harrison's Island to the A^irginia shore, where Colonel Hincks, the senior officer present, superin- tended the crossing of the detachments which were to precede his own command. Tt was not till sunset that the Nineteenth reached THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 295 the island, and by that time the battle had been fought and lost, and the fragments of the defeated commands were being driven back down the bluff and into the river. The regiment advanced to the side of the island facing the Virginia shore and formed line of bat- tle, but as there was no fighting to be done there devoted its energies during the night to rescuing Union fugitives from the river, caring for the dead and wounded on the island and transporting them back to the Maryland side. Before daylight disposition was made to re- sist an attack from the Confederates, but a rain storm set in and after a time, when it became evident that there was to be no further fighting, a flag of truce was displayed and arrangements were made for burying the Federal dead on the battle-field, at which a detach- ment worked all through the day. At night the party returned to the main body and the island was vacated. Owing to the wounding of General Lander and the capture of Colonel Lee of the Twentieth, the command of the brigade devolved on Colonel Hincks. Two days later the regiment returned to camp, and under the efficient direction of Lieutenant Colonel Devereux devoted itself assiduously to drill and discipline. On the 4th of December it left Camp Benton, near Poolesville, and marched to Muddy Brook, some miles nearer Washington, where it relieved troops of General Banks's Division and remained during the win- ter ; its arduous duties requiring the picketing of 13 miles of the Potomac, the building of three block-houses, provost duty at Rock- ville and Darnestown, in addition to the ordinary requirements of a winter camp. The regiment was engaged in this duty till the 12th of March, 1862, when it was ordered to rejoin its brigade, marched to Har- per's Ferry and thence to Charlestown and Berryville, where the three brigades of the division were united under command of Gen- eral John Sedgwick. The division was not destined to remain with General Banks in the Shenandoah Valley, however, for on the 15th it started back to Harper's Ferry, stopped there till the 24th and was taken by rail to Washington, After two days in camp, trans- ports were taken on the 27th for Fortress Monroe. That night a storm caused the landing of the regiment at Point Lookout, at the mouth of the Potomac, but next day the destination was reached and the Nineteenth marched to Hampton, where it joined the Army of the Potomac operating against Richmond, the regiment forming 296 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. part of the Third Brigade, Second Division, Second Corps, General Sumner commanding. The first experience of the Nineteenth in action was on the 7th of April, when having arrived before the Confederate works at Yorktown, the regiment with the Twentieth imder command of General Dana made a reconnaissance to locate and develop the enemy's position near Wynn's Mills, which was executed creditably under a sharp musketry fire by which one man was killed and a number wounded, including Captain Wass. After the month of siege operations which followed, the Nineteenth were among the first troops to become apprised of the evacuation by the Confede- rates, on the 4th of May ; but after marching in pursuit the next day as far as Yorktown, in a driving rain-storm, the division halted and on the 6th went by transports to West Point. Thence it pro- ceeded up the Peninsula. The Nineteenth were not engaged in the battle of Fair Oaks, being on picket on the flank during the first day and in reserve the next day ; but after the battle they were con- stantly on duty, either on picket at the front or protecting the rail- road and supplies of the army. At the battle of Oak Grove on the 25th of June the regiment was sent to the assistance of General Hooker, forming the right of his line, where it was heavily engaged and suffered a loss of 11 killed and 40 wounded — among its killed being Second Lieutenant Charles B. Warner. This engagement was immediately followed by the famous Seven Days' battles and the change of base of the Army of the Potomac to the James river, in which the Nineteenth Regiment had an honorable part. With its corps it held the works on the night of the evacuation, falling back at morning light to Peach Orchard and awaiting the pursuit of the enemy and the fight which followed ; then after having supported Battery A of the First Rhode Island Light Artillery, the regiment fell back to Savage's Station, where another action ensued. The Nineteenth at that time formed the right of the brigade and lay exposed to artillery fire, though not actively engaged. Being ordered on picket, the regiment obeyed only to be at once withdrawn and followed the army to and through White Oak Swamp, halting at daylight. After resting some two hours the brigade made its way to Glendale, but was recalled by a sharp fight at White Oak Bridge, and retraced its steps almost at a double-quick. After being placed in support of General Franklin, THE NINETEEXTIl REGIMENT. 297 Dana's Brigade remained in position some two hours, when it was recalled by the fierce battle raging at Nelson's Farm or (ilendale. Reaching the l)attle-(ield, the regiments were hastily formed and took position where they were most needed. Some of the troops in front giving way, the Nineteenth were thrown into the gap to o[)- posc the exultant enemy, and though the situation was critical the regiment stood its ground nobly and by well-directed volleys sent the foe back in confusion. This success was Avon at a heavy cost, the loss of the regiment for the day — nearly all in the last encounter — being 19 killed, 84 Avounded and 42 missing. Major Howe and First Lieutenant David Lee were among the killed, Colonel Hincks •was severely wounded, as Avere several other officers, placing the regiment under command of Captain Rice till Lieutenant Colonel Devereux, who was absent sick, returned to duty a few days later. At Malvern Hill the brigade Avas posted at the extreme right of the . Union line and Avas not actively engaged, retiring Avith the army to Harrison's Landing during the night. The Nineteenth marched from the Landing to Fortress Monroe, embarking from Newport News on the 24th of August, landing at Alexandria four days later and being dispatched to Chain Bridge to occupy the defenses at that point. Colonel Hincks Av^as at that time in command of the l)rigade, and had been sent with it to Ten- nallytown, across the Potomac, Avhen other orders directed him to take it to the succor of General Pope's Army of Virginia. Start- ing on the morning of the 30th, the brigade crossed Aqueduct bridge and reached Fairfax Court House the next morning, having marched more than 60 miles in the same number of hours, much of the time through a heavy rain-fall. The Nineteenth Avere left at the Court House as the Confederate cavalry hovered in the vicinitv, while its fellow-regiments went on ; but next morning the defeated Union army falling back on Washington relieved the regiment, and Avith its division it returned to Chain Bridge, forming Avith the First Minnesota the rear guard of the column. This Avas a trying posi- tion, in w^iich the regiment acquitted itself creditably, but on re- joining the main body the tAvo regiments Avere fired into by the Union troops under some misapprehension, one of the sad results being the mortal Avounding of Assistanjb Surgeon John E. Hill of CharlestoAvn, who had but just joined the regiment. He died of his injuries at GeorgetoAvn on the 11th of September. 29S MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. The Nineteenth with its corps marched northward through Mary- land in the Antictam campaign, witnessing but not participating in the battle of South ]\Iountain and winning for itself high i)raise at Antietam on the 17th, though the fortunes of the division of which it formed part were especially disastrous. Sedgwick's Division was taken into action by General Sumner, the corps commander, in per- son, about the middle of the forenoon, at the Union right, after Hooker's and Mansfield's corps had fought and been decimated. It went in in column of brigades, the three lines in close order, with- out connection or support on either flank. Pressing forward till "the enemy was encountered, the division soon found itself almost surrounded. A terrible fire was received from front and flank and rear ; the division was helpless and a third of its number were cut -down in a few moments. Some of the regiments faced by the rear rank and fired, others broke from the death-trap with little attempt at resistance. Two regiments only stood their ground, and one of these was the Nineteenth. It had formed the right of the second line, as had the First Minnesota of the first line, and these two maintained their organization, the First falling back into line with the Nineteenth. Facing to the rear these two regiments fought their way back, stopping four times in the terrible retrograde to give the foe a taste of their indomitable courage. At the last halt, which was still in advance of any other portion of the Union line, the rebels gave up the pursuit and the remnants of the two heroic regiments were no further tried. The loss of the Nineteenth in this sanguinary contest cannot be exactly given, but 16 of its num- ber had been killed on the field, while the proportion of wounded was large. Captain George W. Batchclder was among the killed, while Colonel Hincks was again severely and Lieutenant Colonel Devereux slightly wounded. The latter being soon after given leave of absence the regiment was for a time in command of Captain Weymouth. During the ten weeks which followed there were numerous changes in the commanders and their commands throughout the Army of the Potomac, and the Third Brigade was no excc})tion to the rule. General Burnside having succeeded General McClellan in the command of the army, it was reorganized in three grand divisions, the right being commanded by General Sumner and con- sisting of his own Second Cor))S and the Ninth. General D. N. Couch commanded the corps, (Jeneral O. 0. Howard the division, THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 299 and Colonel Norman J. Hall of the Seventh Michigan the brigade, ■svhich in addition to the four regiments which had so long served together had been strengthened by the addition of the Fifty-ninth New York and One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Pennsylvania Kegiments. In the advance to Fredericksburg the right grand di\ is- ion led and was first to occupy the Falmouth shore, and it was when the laying of the bridges was attempted on tiie 11th of December that the Nineteenth Massachusetts, with other regiments of its bri- gade, made its most notable record. The engineers being unable to lay the ponton bridges on account of the Confederate sharp- shooters on the opposite bank, a portion of Hall's Brigade volun- teered to cross the river in open boats and drive out the marksmen at the point of the bayonet. Two companies of the Michigan regi- ment led, landed and captured those of the enemy nearest to the river's margin ; the Nineteenth followed, and charging up the bank -by companies advanced to the main street of Fredericksburg, where line of battle was formed. Company D, Captain Dunn, was then deployed as skirmishers and the balance of the regiment retired to the river bank. As the fighting between the skirmishers and the reinforced enemy grew sharp. Companies E and K were sent for- ward to the support of D, and presently as the Confederate line of battle drew near, the remainder of the regiment with the Twentieth Massachusetts, which had also crossed in the boats, advanced to Caroline street, where a sharp action ensued. The bridge being rapidly completed, other troops crossed and the rebels retired. The Nineteenth were not further engaged till the morning of the 13th, when they were moved to the front to occupy some works which had been thrown up. This movement was executed under a severe fire, Captain Weymouth who had thus far commanded the regiment being wounded with other officers and the command fall- ing ui)on Captain Plympton. After occupying the position till their ammunition was exhausted, the survivors were ordered back to their brigade, and were not called upon for further sacrifice, recrossing the river with the rest of the army on the night of the loth. Out of about 300 taken into action, the regiment had lost in the battle 14 killed, 83 wounded and seven missing; eight color-bearers were either killed or wounded. Second Lieutenant Thomas Claffey of Lowell was killed, and First Lieutenant Edgar M. Newcomb of Boston received wounds from which he died on the 19th. 300 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. The regiment remained in camp near Falmouth during the winter and early spring of 1863, numerous changes occurring in its roster of officers. The death of Major Howe had been followed by the promotion of Captain Wass to the vacancy ; but the latter had on the 6th of September, 1862, been appointed lieutenant colonel of the Forty-first Massachusetts Volunteers and Captain Edmund Rice succeeded him as major. In the early spring of 1863 the connec- tion of Colonel Hincks with the regiment terminated, he having been made brigadier general of volunteers to date from the 29th of November previous ; Lieutenant Colonel Devereux was promoted to the colonelcy, and Lieutenant Colonel Wass was soon transfer- red back to the Nineteenth. Chaplain Cromack had at an early period in the regiment's history been transferred to the Twenty- second regiment, being succeeded by Ezra D. Winslow of Chester ; the latter was discharged for disability in December, 1862, and the office was not again filled. In the Chancellorsville campaign the division to which the Nine- teenth belonged, then commanded by General Gibbon, was assigned to the assistance of General Sedgwick's Sixth Corps at Fredericks- burg and breaking camp crossed the Rappahannock at the city dur- ing the night of May 2. Next morning the division was moved to the right, the Nineteenth in advance, where it demonstrated against the hostile works till the charge of storming columns from the Sixth Corps carried the bights. While Sedgwick pushed on toward Salem Church, Gibbon was left to hold the town and cover the bridges, which he did until sometime on the 5th, hghting the Con- federates as they came back into the works from which they had been driven. The Nineteenth took part in all these duties and operations, but sustained little loss, and after the close of the struggle returned to the old camp on the Falmouth side. There the regiment remained till the 16tli of the following month, when it joined the army in its move toward Gettysburg, forming with a section of artillery the rear guard of the column. It reached Thoroughfare Gap on the 21st and stopped there for three days, when the northward movement was resumed, via Gum Springs and Edwards Ferry to Frederick City, where another halt of three days took place. Thence the command marched on the 30th to Uniontown, Avhere the Nineteenth did })rovost duty till an order was received at noon of the 1st of July to repair at once to THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 301 Gettysburg. Late in the evening* the line lialtcd within a short dis- tance of the field and at daybreak of the 2d the regiment went to the front, taking position at the left of Cemetery Hill, Avhere it re- mained till late in the afternoon. It was then with the Forty- second New York advanced toward the right of the Third Cor})s, which was being driven back by the force of Longstreet's attack. Taking a favorable position, it waited till the broken troops in its front had passed, and delivered its fire at the advancing Confeder- ates. It then fell back to the support of a battery, where it re- mained till after dark when it returned to its brigade, which con- sisted of the same ti'oops as at the battle of Fredericksburg, save the transfer to another command of the Pennsylvania regiment. Next morning the Nineteenth were placed in support of a battery near by, and remained there till the opening of the cannonade which preceded the final attack on the Union lines by Pickett's Division of Confederates. The battery force was soon so reduced that the guns could not be properly worked, and its captain called on the Nineteenth for volunteers. Twenty-four men and officers at once responded. As the enemy struck Webb's Brigade, to the right of Hall's, and made a lodgment within the Union works, Colonel Devereux asked of General Hancock as he passed the priv- ilege of leading his men to the point of peril, which was granted. The command at once moved to the conflict, followed by three other regiments of the brigade, engaging the foe fiercely almost hand to hand. In that final struggle, which l)roke and scattered the attack- ing force, capturing so large a ])art, no regiment had a prouder record than the Nineteenth Massachusetts. Its handful of men captured the battle-flags of four Virginia regiments — the Four- teenth, Nineteenth, Fifty-third and Fifty-seventh, three of which were of Armistead's Brigade, Pickett's Division. The regiment had brought to the field 141 enlisted men, with the due proportion of officers — about 160 all told. Of this number it lost nine killed, 63 wounded and five missing, — about 50 per cent. First Lieuten- ant Herman Donath of Roxl)ury and Second Lieutenant Sherman S. Robinson of West Newbury were killed; Lieutenant Colonel Wass, Major Rice, and seven other officers were wounded. The regiment then moved to the left Avhere some of its members were detailed to man a battery which had suffered severely, others being engaged in provost duty. The next day was given up to 302 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. patient waiting for a renewal of the battle, and the 5th to the burial of the dead ; but on the 6th the march southward was begun and took the command by way of Taneytown and Frederick to the vicinity of Williamsport, where the two armies faced each other for a time. On the 14th it was known that the Confederates had crossed the Potomac and while they moved southward on the west side of the Blue Ridge, the Union army passed down the river to Berlin, crossed by a ponton bridge and executed a parallel movement on the east side of the Ridge. The regiment reached Warrenton Junction on the 24th, stopped there five days and then changed position to Mor- risville, where with the exception of a reconnaissance to the vicin- ity of Falmouth it remained till the 12th of September, when camp was broken, and on the 16th the Rapidan was reached in the vicin- ity of Raccoon Ford. The regiment encamped there till the close of the month, then went to Mitchell's Station and did guard duty till the 5th of October, when it fell back to Culpeper and staid till the 11th. Line of battle was formed that day, a conflict being expected, but it did not occur and the following morning the command began its march northward, crossing the Rappahannock that day and on the 14th taking part in the engagement at Bristoe Station. This affair opened very unexpectedly, the regiment being on the march along the railroad when the enemy appeared. Position was taken behind the embankment, from which a well-directed fire sent the enemy back in confusion. Two companies were thrown out as skirmishers as soon as the repulse was assured, capturing quite a number of prisoners and assisting in bringing in three pieces of artillery which the Confederates had been obliged to abandon. The loss of the regiment was one sergeant mortally and three commissioned officers slightly wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel Wass who was in command of the brigade. This little engagement over, the regiment was not again called to exchange shots with the foe till the Mine Run campaign, though In the mean time it followed all the movements of the army. It en- camped a few miles from Brandy Station from the lOtli of Novem- ber till the 26th, when it started on the last movement of an event- ful year. Crossing the Rapidan at Gcrmania Ford, it advanced the following day to Robertson's Cross Roads, in the vicinity of which the southern troops were encountered and the Nineteenth were de- ployed on the skirmish line at two or three points, having one man THE NINETEENTH ItEGUIENT. 305 killed and one wounded. The regiment was not further engaired during the maneuvers which followed, and returned to its camp near Brandy Station on the 2d of December, changing location once or twice before settling into winter (luarters. Severely as the com- mand had been tried, it had not lost heart, as was attested by the re-enlistment of 160 of its number on the 20th of December for an additional three years. A furlough of 35 days was granted on ac- count of this re-enlistment, but it was not till the 4tli of February, 1864, that the veterans were enabled to leave Stevensburg for home. They reached Boston on the 8th, went to Salem the same day, re- ceiving enthusiastic receptions at both places ; mustering every man when the time arrived for the return and reporting back to the Army of the Potomac with no comrade missing. As the time for opening the spring campaign approached the reorganizatien of the Army of the Potomac into three corps caused many changes in divisions and l)rigades. In the case of Giljbon's Division, which retained its number as Second Division, Second Corps, the Third Brigade, of which the Nineteenth formed party was consolidated with the First, under General A. S. Webb, who had previously commanded the Second Brigade. As thus made up^ the brigade consisted of the Fifteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Massachusetts, Nineteenth Maine, Forty-second, Fifty-ninth and Eighty-second New York and Seventh Michigan Regiments with the Andrew Sharpshooters. Colonel Devereux had resigned his commission from the 27th of February, and in regular order Lieu- tenant Colonel Wass, Major Rice and Captain Moncena Dunn were promoted dating from the following day, these being the last actual ])romotions during the regiment's term of service. Camp was broken for the spring campaign on the night of the- 3d of May, and with seven officers and 211 men present for duty the Nineteenth took its place in the column and next day crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford. In the battle of the Wilderness, tJie regiment had but one serious encounter with the enemy. This was during the morning of the 6th, when the brigade being ordered forward to the support of other troops suddenly found itself at close quarters with the Confederates, the Nineteenth being flanked and in danger of capture. A brief engagement followed, in which the regiment lost three killed, nine wounded and 17 captured. Re- tiring in some confusion, the brigade reformed its line, and that 304 MASSACUUSETTS IN TUB WAB. afternoon was again advanced, moving through the tangle, but soon leturncd to the works and remained there during the night. It ad- vanced again during the afternoon of the 7th, engaged the enemy and pressed back his outposts some distance, holding the ground gained till after dark when the Union forces once more retired to their works, the Nineteenth having lost nine men wounded. Webb's Brigade formed the rear guard of the Army of the Potomac as it moved to the left toward Spottsylvania, and setting out in the morning of the 8th marched as far as Todd's Tavern, in the vicinity of .diich it remained till afternoon of the 9th, occupying various positions, much of the time in line of battle or engaged in the erection of temporary fortifications, guarding the flank and rear of the Union column against sudden attack from the Confede- rates by way of the Catharpin road. The regiment then joined in the southward movement and crossed the Po, lying in line of battle during the night. It withdrew to the north side of the stream next morning, moved further to the left and advanced against the strong position of the enemy, being under fire most of the day and making two unsuccessful charges, its loss being 23, of whom five were killed. During the afternoon and night of the lltli the regiment with most of its corps was engaged in the preparations for the des- perate charge of the Confederate position at " The Angle " which General Hancock had decided to attempt. This charge was heroi- cally made and was successful, but at serious cost to the Union troops. The Nineteenth, now reduced to a comparative handful of men, suffered severely in the early part of the contest, having four killed, including First Lieutenant John J. Ferris of Boston, and many wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Rice with several men who had got considerably in advance of their comrades fell into the hands of the enemy. The regiment assisted in the capture of the Confederate artillery which was taken at the time, and brought off oijc of the enemy's battle-flags in triumph, after which it helped to hold the works which had been talvcn, being relieved at night. In the subsequent operations before S{)ottsylvania, while the Nineteenth had their full share of the duties, marches and maneu- vers, tjiey were not seriously engaged except on the 18th, when they took part in the general attack of that morning. I'his proved a fruitless attemi)t, though it cost the regiment several brave men wounded. At midnight of the 20th the Second Corps headed the THE JSINETEENTH REGIMENT. 305 movement of the army still further to the left, the Nineteenth going on picket after crossing the Mataj)ony on the 21st and remaining in that vicinity till the morning of the 23d, in the mean time ex- changing shots with the enemy's pickets. Evening of that day brought the brigade to the North Anna, where fighting was already in progress. The river was crossed by the command the next morn- ing and soon after the Nineteenth again went on the skirmish line. This proved a trying place, the day being very hot and many men suf- fering sun-strokes. The Confederate pickets were driven back be- yond their works; but later the men of the Nineteenth found them- selves Hanked, though tho flankers were defeated after a sharp fight, the regiment having on that day four men killed and several wounded. During most of the time that the two armies confronted cacli other there the Nineteenth were on picket on different parts of the field, but were relieved at night of the 26th and recrossed the river. The lines at the North Anna were evacuated on the 27th and the regiment moved toward the Pamunkey, crossing it on the 28th and at once throwing up such intrenchments as circumstances recpiircd. An advance of some two miles was made on the 30th to the Jones House, where the regiment went on picket in the course of the after- noon, meeting a sharp fire, and later in the day assisting in the repulse of a Confederate advance, but suffering no loss. It was less fortunate the next morning, when the lines were advanced, driving the hostile skirmishers back to their main line, but at a cost to the regiment of one valued officer — Captain Dudley C. Mumford — killed. During that night and the following day the Nineteenth were on the skir- mish line ; but the desperate struggle at Cold Harbor had opened and at dusk of the 1st of June General Hancock began to withdraw his corps from the Union right to place it beyond the Sixth Corps at the left of the lines. The destination was reached at noon of the 2d, and with its accustomed fortune, the Nineteenth Regiment was at once sent out upon the skirmish line under fire. It suffered no serious loss, however, till the morning of the 3d, when it joined in the at- tack on the Confederate position and met the fate of all portions of the Union army engaged — heavy loss with nothing gained. Seven members of the regiment were wounded and two killed, one of the latter being First Lieutenant John B. Thompson of Lawrence. The command retained a position close to the hostile works, where slight intrenchments were thrown up during the ensuing night, giving a 306 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. partial shelter from the incessant sharp-shooting of the enemy. Still several men were lost while there, two of wiiom were killed. Cold Harbor was evacuated in the evening of the 12th, the regi- ment making a sharp march to the James river, where it arrived and crossed by steamer on the 14th. It moved i>sxt day with its corps toward Petersburg, where it at once took part in the opera- tions against that city on the 17th, 18th and 19th, having two men killed and several wounded, but fmding the works of the Confede- rates too strongly held to be carried by direct attack. On the even- ing of the 20th, it withdrew from the front and passed one quiet night at the rear. This was all, however, for next morning the regiment marched to the left, where an attempt was being made to extend the Union lines so as to cut the Weldon railroad. The Jerusalem Plank road was crossed and the Nineteenth once more went on picket, remaining till noon of the 22d, having one man killed and three wounded by the enemy's sharp-shooters. Position was then taken in the main line, when it was suddenly found that the Confederates had passed the flank and gained the rear of the left of the corps. As a result the regiment was almost wholly captured, only a few of those present by ch'ance and daring making their escape. These, with such convalescents and detached men as returned to duty were reorganized into the semblance of a command by First Lieutenant William F. Rice of Brighton, the senior officer left for duty, under whom the little band was employed on fatigue duty and in drill, being for a time relieved from the front where it had been so long and constantly exposed. On the afternoon of the 2Gth the regiment with its division marched to the Appomattox and took part in the movement to the north side of the James, where it was engaged in skirmishing and constructing earthworks till dusk of the 29tli, when the return be- gan. On reaching the* position held by the Fifth Corps, on the 30th, that command was found in conflict with the enemy and General Hancock's corps remained in support till dusk, when it resumed tlie march and at a late hour reached the camps left four days before. Early in August Lieutenant Colonel Rice, who had escaped from captivity, rejoined the regiment and resumed command. Colonel Wass had been mustered out on the 28tli of July, his term of service having expired, but the depicted numbers of the regiment did not allow promotion to iill the vacancy. THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 307 Another movement to the north of the James took place on the 12th of August, the Nineteenth with other troops embarking on transports at City Point and proceeding to Deep Bottom, where they debarked on the morning of the 14th and soon after joined in the battle of Strawberry Plains or Deep Bottom Run. Late in the afternoon a charge was made on the enemy's Avorks, and the outer pits were for a time occupied, but after dark they were evacuated and the Union troops proceeded to intrench their own position. In this attack the regiment met a loss of eight v.ounded, and won praise, as most of its members were new recruits. Orders to with- draw were given on the night of the 20th, and the regiment returned to its former camj) before Petersburg. As on the former occasion, the Second Corps found the Fifth engaged with the enemy and went to its support, remaining thus till evening of the 23d, when it set out for Reams Station on the Weldon railroad. During the 24th the railroad was effectually destroyed in the vicinity of the depot, the Nineteenth acting as skirmishers while the work was in progress and afterward resuming their place in the brigade. Some changes of position were made during the 25th, and in the early part of the afternoon the brigade was in support of the First Divis- ion, General Miles, when the latter repulsed an advance of the Confederates. Later the regiment was placed in an exposed posi- tion in the rear of the first line of its own division (Gibbon's), where it was lying under a severe fire when a flank attack was made. The front line broke in confusion, and though the Nine- teenth tried to avert the calamity and started on a counter-charge, their efforts were not supported by the remainder of the brigade and were abandoned. Being imder fire from front, left and rear, the regiment withdrew from its exposed position, having lost one killed and 23 wounded or missing. From this time till the 24th of October the regiment was on fatigue duty or in garrison, most of the time at Battery Eleven and Fort Rice. The men whose original term of enlistment had ex- pired, 98 in number, had been mustered out and returned to Massa- chusetts about the last of August, and the remnant of the Twen- tieth Massachusetts Regiment was temporarily attached to the Nineteenth. Another movement to the left began, on the 26th of October and on the following day the Second Division, then com- manded by General Egan, reached the Boy dtown Plunk Road. There 308 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. a sharp engagement ensued, in which the Nineteenth bore honorable part. Half of the regiment were deployed as skirmishers, and im- proved their opportunities so well that they captured the colors, five' officers and 50 men of the Forty-seventh North Carolina. When the Union troops were withdrawn the following night some 30 men with two officers were left on the skirmish line, and before they could re- join the regiment had the misfortune to fall in with the Confederate cavalry, by whom three were captured. The total loss of the Nine- teenth in the engagement was 12 wounded and missing. From this time till the close of the year the regiment was variously employed in garrison and picket duty, mining from Fort Stedman to meet an expected mine from the other side ; moving thence to the loft and commencing winter quarters, but before they were completed being again sent back to garrison duty — this time to Fort Emory, in con- nection with the Seventh Michigan. Fort Emory was located on the Vaughan road, and there the regi- ment remained till the operations of the spring campaign began. It was first called to active service on the 5th of February, 1865, to take part in the expedition which ended in the battle of Hatch- er's Run. The Second Corps was at that time commanded by Gen- eral Humphreys, who had succeeded General Hancock ; the division by General William Hays, though at this particular time it was in charge of General Thomas A. Smyth of the Third Brigade, while the First Brigade was commanded by Colonel William A. Olmstead of the Fifty-ninth New York. Having reached the vicinity of the Run, the corps halted while a regiment was sent forward to locate the enemy, and this important duty was intrusted to Lieutenant Colonel Rice and the Nineteenth. The hostile jackets were soon encountered, and the Massachusetts boys deploying as skirmishers engaged them sharply, forcing them back upon their main lines. In this contest the regiment had three killed and as many wounded, among the former being Second Lieutenant William H. Tibbetts of Roxbury. Intrenching as much as the circumstances would allow, the regiment held the ground gained, maintaining practically that position during all the events of the next few days, which mingled successes with some reverses so far as the operations of the Union troops were concerned ; a cold storm of rain, snow and sleet m.aking the occasion one of great discomfort and suiffcring. But the posi- tion gained was held, works were at once constructed and in their THE NINETEENTH liEGIMENT. 309 vicinity the regiment with other troops built a winter camp in which a few weeks were passed. The Nineteenth left this camj) on the morning of the 25th of March, and were in support of the troops engaged in advancing the lines of the Second Corps, but took no active part, and after the movement was over returned to their quarters, remaining till night of the 28th. They then went upon picket, and next morning op being relieved joined the brigade which with the rest of the corps was operating against the enemy near Dabney's Mills. Various movements occupied the next few days, but it was not till the morn- ing of the 2d of April that the regiment was called into serious conflict. At that time the Confederate lines had been pressed back to the Burgess Mill, near the junction of the Boydtown and White Oak roads, where were two earthwork forts with three guns. These forts the regiment charged and ca])turcd, with the guns and 150 prisoners, some of the companies with the Seventh Michigan of the same brigade pursuing those who were attempting to escape from the works and bringing in a large number of other prisoners. The loss to the regiment during the affair did not exceed a half-dozen, principally wounded. The Boydtown road 'toward Petersburg was then followed for some distance, when the brigade turned from it to the left and that night bivouacked at Sunderland Station on the Soutliside railroad. Returning next morning nearly to Petersburg, the regiment was gratified by the intelligence that the city had fallen, and at once set out in pursuit of the retreating army. This pursuit was continued till tlie surrender, six days later, but during that time some severe engagements took })lace. The regiment was not actively engaged in any of these final struggles, but during the fight at Farmville on the 7th Captain Isaac H. Boyd, w^ho had been commissioned but not mustered as major, was mortally wounded while serving on the staif of the First Brigade, First Division. Two days later the Army of Northern Virginia surrendered, and on the 11th the Second Corps marched back to Burkesville, where it remained till the 2d of May. It then marched by way of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Vienna to Bailey's Cross Roads, where it went into camp on the loth. After taking part in the grand review of the Army of the Potomac in Washington on the 23d, the regiment resumed camp life and waited for the special order which should end its existence as a 310 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. military organization and allow its members to return once more to the pursuits of civil life. This order came on the 30th of June, when the command was mus- tered out of the United States service and departed at once for Bos- ton, reaching that city on the morning of July 3 and going into camp at Rcadville to await final payment and discharge. These came on the 20th, and the Nineteenth Massachusetts Volunteers became an organization of the past. The regiment had rendered valuable service in whatever situation it had been placed, having captured seven stands of colors and six pieces of artillery. THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. TPIE Twentieth Regiment gathered atCampMassasoitinRead- villo, where ten skeleton companies were ordered by the gov- ernor early in July, 1861, the line officers being mustered on the 10th of that month, while the field and staff had been commis- sioned on the 1st. The filling of the companies went 'on slowly, however, and when in August the secretary of war called for all regiments and parts of regiments to be sent forward the command mustered scarcely half its maximum. It escorted the Eighteenth Regiment to the dej)ot when that organization left for the front, but itself remained in camp till the 4th of September to gather as many additional recruits as possible. It then, with less than 600 mem- bers, received the state and national colors, was armed with the Enlield ritie, and late in the afternoon took the cars for Providence, going by way of New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore and reaclv ing the capital early in the morning of September 7. The regi- mental band was to follow in a few days, and two officers were left behind to obtain recruits to bring the regiment up to the standard. The roster of officers : — Colonel, William Raymond Lee of Roxbury; lieutenant colonel, Francis W. Palfrey; major, Paul J. Revere; surgeon, Henry Bryant, all of Boston; assistant surgeon, Nathan Hay ward of Roxbury; ad- jutant, Charles L. Peirson of Salem; cpiartermaster, Charles W. Fol- som of Cambridge; sergeant major. Sylvanus R. Harlow of Waltham; quartermaster sergeant, Henry F. Lander of New York; commissary sergeant, Edward Hennessey; hosi)ital steward, Josepli Hennard, both of ]3oston; leader of band, John F. Gibbs of Waterville, Me. Company A — Captain, Henry M. Tremlett of Dorchester; first lieu- tenant, Oliver W. Holmes. Jr., of Boston; second lieutenant, Charles A. Whittier of Bangor, ]\Ii'. Conii)any B — Captain, John Herchenroeder of Boston; first lieu- tenant, John W. LelJarnes of Nantucket; second lieutenant, August MuUer of Dorchester. Company C — Captain, Ferdinand Dreher; first lieutenant, Alois 312 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. Babo, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Eeinhold "Wesselhoeft of Dorchester. Company D — Ca]")tain, Caspar Crowninshield of Longwood ; first lieutenant, George B. Pen-y; second lieutenant, Xathaniel T. Messer, both of Boston. Company E — Captain, George A. Schmidt; first lieutenant, James J. Lowell; second lieutenant, William L. Putnam, all of Cambridge. Company F — Captain, Edward A. Walleston ; first lieutenant, Charles F. Cabot; second lieutenant, Charles 0. Day, all of Boston. Company G — Captain, Henry J. Sweeney; first lieutenant, Henry Capen; second lieutenant, William F. Milton, all of Boston. Company H — Captain, John C. Putnam of Boston; first lieuten- ant, N. P. Hallo well of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Henry H. Sturgis of Boston. Company I — Captain, William F. Bartlett of Winthrop; first lieu- tenant, George N. Macy of Xantucket; second lieutenant, Henry L, Abbott of , Lowell. Company K — Captain, Allen Shepard; first lieutenant, Allen W. Beckwith; second lieutenant, Charles L. Tilden, Jr., all of Boston. On reaching- Washington the regiment went into Camp Kalorama on Meridian Hill, where it remained till the 10th of September, Colonel Lee in the mean time commanding a provisional brigade under General Burnside. Then the regiment changed its location to Camp Burnside, but two days later began a march northward which ended at evening of the 14th near Poolesville, where the Twentieth, with the Nineteenth Massachusetts, Seventh Michigan and the First Company of Andrew Sharpshooters formed General Lander's Brigade of General Stone's Corps of Observation. The encampment of the brigade, known as Camp Benton, was located about half way from Poolesville to Edwards Ferry, and the regi- ment remained there till the unfortunate battle of Ball's Bluff, with no more exciting event than picket duty and such occasional alarms as were inevitable with an active foe on the other side of the Potomac. On the afternoon of October 20 seven companies, numbering in all but about 300 men, commanded by Colonel Lee and Major Revere, marched to Edwards Ferry and then up the river to op- posite Harrison's Island, where the men slept on their arms till about midnight, when the command crossed to the island on flat- boats. Companies I and D crossed to the Virginia side in the early morning, to support the detachment of the Fifteenth Massa- chusetts already over the river, and after some fighting by these two companies the rest of Colonel Lee's command crossed, about noon THE TWENTIETH REGIMEXT. 313 of the 21st. In the formation of the line of battle the Twentieth had the center, with two of its companies deployed on the Hanks as skirmishers. Three of the companies were at first in reserve, till the strength of the Confederate attack called them into action ; but the small Union force coukl not withstand the determined assaults of superior numbers and when the iiuht was wholly lost the broken fragments of the regiment did their best to escape capture. This many succeeded in doing, though some were drowned in the attempt to reach the island, including the two lieutenants of Company C, IJabo and Wesselhoeft. Colonel Lee, Major Revere, Adjutant Peir- s )n and Assistant Surgeon Edward H. R. Revere (who had been commissioned to fill the vacancy caused by the promotion of Sur- geon Bryant to be brigade surgeon and of Assistant Surgeon Hay- ward in course) were made prisoners, and the three former were held in captivity for many months. Lieutenant Putnam was killed, Captain Putnam lost an arm, and several other officers were wounded or taken prisoners. The entire loss of the regiment was 15 killed, 44 wounded and 135 missing, — almost two-thirds of those engaged. Companies B and F, which were posted on picket below Edwards Ferry, hearing of the battle, hastened toward the scene, but only arrived in time to succor such of their wounded comrades as had been helped across the river. Next morning Lieutenant Colonel Palfrey, who had been left in charge of the camp, rallied Company K and every available man of the command and crossed the river at Edwards Ferry, with other troops, skirmishing with the Confede- rates that afternoon and the following day, recrossing to the Mary- land side during the night of the 23d without loss to the Twentieth, though the swollen condition of the river created apprehension that all the loyal troops on the Virginia side might be captured. The regiment was temporarily reorganized as a battalion of six com- ])anies till reinforcements arrived from Massachusetts, when it was returned to its normal condition and remained at Camp Benton, on detail to picket the river from Edwards Ferry to Seneca Mills. During the winter General N. J. T. Dana, promoted from the colonelcy of the First Minnesota Regiment, took command of the brigade and General John Sedgwick of the division. The Twen- tieth Regiment remained under command of Lieutenant Colonel Palfrey. The winter camps w^ere broken on the 25th of February, 18G2. the regiment making a temporary encampment near Poole s- 314 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. ville which was named Camp Lee, in honor of its captive colonel, The spring campaign began on the 11th of March, when Dana's Brigade crossed the Potomac and advanced to Berryville, joining its division, which was moving forward to co-operate with the column under General Banks. The latter having occupied Win- chester, however, Sedgwick with his division was returned toward Harper's Ferry, halting at Bolivar, where the Twentieth were quar- tered in some deserted dwellings. The brigade was taken to Wash- ington on the 25th, two days later the regiment embarked on the transport Catskill, and landed at Hampton, Ya., on the 31st. For the purposes of the Peninsular campaign, Sedgwick's Division had been made part of the Second Corps, General E. V. Sumner com- manding. To the three regiments which had constituted the brigade the previous autumn, the Forty-second New York had been added, — the subsequent changes in the make-up of the brigade are noted in the sketch of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiment. The march up the Peninsula began on the 5th of April for Sum- ner's Corps, which on the 7th joined the rest of the army before the fortifications in the vicinity of Yorktown. Two days later Dana's Brigade went on a reconnaissance to more accurately locate the works of the enemy, returning that night without casualty to the Twentieth. Some days later the corps was placed in position closer to the Confederate lines, near the center of the army. The entire ground occupied by McClellan's forces was known as Camp Winfield Scott ; but the particular portion of Camp Scott occupied by the Twentieth was located in a swamp, which was very unhealthy for the soldiers, while the vengeful picket firing from the opposing lines resulted in the wounding of a considerable number of the regiment, — among the rest Captain Bartlctt, second in command, who received a wound in the knee necessitating the amputation of the leg. In addition to the picket duty, large details wore con- stantly called for to construct fortifications, roads and other works, making the period a very trying one to officers and men. Just before the evacuation of Yorktown l)y the Confederates Colonel Lee and Major Revere returned from their captivity and the former resumed duty. From Yorktown the regiment embarked on the steamer Yanderbilt for West Point where it landed on the 7th of May and was in support during the action there, but suffered no li'ss. It vlicu marched across country from the York river to the THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 315 left bank of the Chickahominy, near the Tyler mansion, where it en- camped till the opening of the battle of Fair Oaks on the 31st called a portion of Sumner's Corps across the Chickahominy. Sedgwick's Division alone succeeded in crossing that night, and but two regi- ments of Dana's Brigade — the Twentieth and the Seventh Michi- gan — were taken to the battle-field. Arriving on the double-cpiick, the Twentieth being the rear regiment of the column, the brigade was at first ordered to form a suj^port to the first line, which was actively engaged ; but before the disposition could be made it was found that the flank needed extension and the two regiments were moved up to prolong the line and at once advanced, driving back the enemy and holding the ground gained. The Twentieth took a considerable number of prisoners, mostly wounded, among them General Pettigrew. The loss of the regiment was two killed and 18 wounded. In the fighting of the following day it took no part, .but after the close of the battle went on picket where it remained for almost two Aveeks, encamping afterward near Fair Oaks till the beginning of the movement to the James river. The regiment began this movement on the morning of the 29th of June, being called in from picket, and marching to Allen's Farm where it took position in a line of woods, remaining under fire for some hours, when the division was ordered forward to Savage's Sta- tion. During the battle at that place, which lasted during the after- noon and into the evening, the Twentieth were in support, and lost but six wounded. The enemy having been repulsed and forced back into the forest from which they had emerged, the retreat of the Federal column was continued under cover of darkness, and at daybreak the regiment halted at Nelson's Farm or Glendale, two or three miles beyond White Oak Swamp. About noon the battle at White Oak Swamp opened, and soon after General Dana with two brigades was ordered back to the assistance of General Frank- lin — his own brigade during the remaining operations of the day being under command of Colonel Lee and the Twentieth Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Palfrey. Dana's troo[)s were not engaged at the Swamp, and were still lying there in support when the out- break of furious conflict at Glendale was heard, and the two bri- gades were summoned back at the double-quick. Colonel Lee on reaching the scene and finding -the Union forces being driven back led the three regiments under his command into the fight, placing 316 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. them far in advance under a severe fire, where the Twentieth fought gallantly at great odds. The giving way of a regiment on its flank finally necessitated its falling back, which it did in good order, to a forest in its rear, where the line was maintained until dark, the Confederates having been effectually checked. In this engagement the loss of the Twentieth was serious, seven men being killed .and 63 officers and men wounded. Of the injured, Colonel Lee was badly hurt by an artillery horse falling upon him, Lieutenant Colonel Palfrey was slightly wounded, and First Lieutenant James J. Lowell died of his wound in the hands of the enemy on the 6th of July. After dark the march toward the James river was resumed, Mal- vern Hill being reached and occupied by the Union army next morn- ing. In the battle which followed the regiment did not take active part, though under fire a portion of the time ; their loss being one killed and a few wounded. Very early in the morning of July 2 it marched to Harrison's Landing, where it remained till the IGth of August, with the exception of a reconnaissance back to Malvern Hill under direction of General Hooker on the 4th of that month. It then marched via Yorktown to Newport News, where it arrived on the 22d and three days after sailed aboard the steamer Atlantic for Alexandria. Arriving there on the 28th, it marched up the Potomac and crossed it to Tennallytown, where it made camp on the 30th ; but the next day was called back to the Virginia side by the disaster to General Pope's army at Manassas. Marching through the severe rain-storm to Fairfax Court House, it took posi- tion a few miles beyond, where during the following day it remained while the shattered battalions of the defeated army passed by toward Washington. Then the regiment with its brigade fell in as a rear guard, reaching the vicinity of Alexandria late at night. Having defeated General Pope's Army of Virginia, General Lee crossed the Potomac into Maryland. But General McClellan had been placed in command of the Union armies about Washington, and the Antietam campaign at once began. The Twentieth Regi- ment rested a single day at Alexandria ; then made a hot march of 20 miles to Tennallytown, from which it moved on more moderately by way of Rockville, Frederick and Middletown to the Antietam battle-field. Its service in that conflict was brief but very sad. Sedgwick's Division was marched into action at the right in column of brigades at close distance, the Twentieth forming part of the THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 317 second line. As the division moved forward in that helpless order the enemy appeared in strong force on the front, shortly afterward on the left, and in a moment as it seemed in the rear. The fine division, that properly handled was capable of such noble work, melted away before the murderous fire. The regiment faced by the rear rank, so that a part of the line could lire a few rounds, then the survivors hurried away by the Hank, having lost out of a total of some 400 taken into action 141 killed, Avounded or missing. Among the dead was Assistant vSurgeon Revere, Avith 14 enlisted men. Lieutenant Colonel Palfrey was badly wounded in the shoulder and did not again return to the regiment for duty. Later in the day the Twentieth were assigned a position on the right of Smith's Division of the Sixth Corps, but did not again en- gage in active combat. They remained in the vicinity of the battle- field till the 23d, then crossed the river at Harper's Ferry and took position at Bolivar Plights, where they encamped till the 30th of October, with the exception of a three-days' reconnaissance toward "Winchester about the middle of the month. Colonel Lee being for a time in command of the brigade, the regiment Avas commanded by Captain Dreher, Major Revere being absent on staff duty. The march Avhich began on the 30th came to a pause at Warrcnton, where General Burnside took command of the Army of the Po- tomac ; but it Avas resumed on the loth of November and three or four days later the regiment arriA-ed at Falmouth. It remained there in waiting till the night of the 10th of December, when it Avas withdraAvn from picket and next morning moved down to the river bank opposite Fredericksburg Avith its division. The attempts to construct a ponton bridge at that i)oint met with great opposition from the Confederate sharp-shooters in buildings on the other Ijank, and no means of dislodging them Avas devised till the middle of the afternoon, when Colonel Hall, the brigade commander, volunteered to send troops across in boats for that ])urpose. This Avas done, as a last resort, the Seventh Michigan and Nineteenth and TAventieth Massachusetts being taken across in that manner. The Confederates being driven from the immediate vicinity of the landing, it became necessary to clear the street beyond leading to the bridge head. While the other tAvo regiments advanced and deployed, the Twentieth, under command of Captain Macy, moved up the street in column of companies, meeting serious opposition 318 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. and suffering much from the fire of the enemy, sheltered in and behind the buildings on both sides of the street. But the regiment fought its way with unflinching determination till sunset, when the firing ceased, and the Second Corps crossed by the completed bridges and occupied the town. During the following day little movement occurred on the part of the soldiers already across the river, others being moved across and general preparations made for the battle. It was not till the afternoon of the 13th was somewhat advanced that the brigade was called to face the deadly works in the rear of the town. It then moved out from the city, formed line and ad- vanced. It received a terrible fire of artillery and musketry, and its supports failing to come up, it was obliged to fall back a short distance from the farthest point gained and take shelter behind a rise of ground, to avoid annihilation. This position was held till midnight, when the line was relieved by troops of the Fifth Corps, the regiment returning to the city, where it remained till the river was recrossed on the night of the loth. Its loss in the two engage- ments was considerably more than half the number taken into action, being 35 killed, 138 wounded and two missing. Of the killed 25 fell the first day, while fighting their way through the streets. Captain Charles F. Cabot and Second Lieutenant Leander F. Alley of Nantucket were killed ; Captain Dreher and Second Lieutenant Robert S. Beck with of Boston were mortally wounded, the former dying the 1st of j\Iay following and the latter December 31. Only five officers were left unharmed. After the battle the old camp near Falmouth was reoccupied by the regiment till after the " Mud March," when on the 25th of Jan- uary, .1863, it moved into the village of Falmouth, occu})ying some deserted buildings as barracks, being engaged in provost duty and also furnishing details to picket the river bank. This routine was followed till the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign. Im- portant changes in the field officers had meantime taken place. Colonel Lee resigned directly after the battle of Fredericksburg, and to the vacancy Lieutenant Colonel Palfrey was promoted. Cap- tain Dreher was commissioned major dating from September 5, 1862, and lieutenant colonel from December 18, but was not mus- tered to those grades. Nor was Colonel Palfrey privileged to again lead his regiment to active dutyin the field — the terrible wound re- ceived ut Antietam made that an impossibility, and on the loth of THE TWENTIETH liEGIMENT. 319 April he rcsiuncd. The roster of field ofiicers was not filled till sometime in May, Avhen Paul J. Revere, who as major had left the regiment early in September, 1862, for duty as assistant inspector general, returned with the rank of colonel and took command, his commission dating from the 14th of April. Major Macy was made lieutenant colonel and Captain Henry L. Abbott major, both from the 1st of May, 1863. i\Ieantime the battle of Chancellorsville had been fought, and the Twentieth Ecgiment, contrary to its usual experience, had talvcn but a secondary part. Its division, then commanded by General Gibbon, had been left near Fredericksburg, to co-operate with the Sixth Corps under Sedgwick ; had crossed to the city on the morning of the 3d of May, and maneuvered at the right, near the upper part of the town, while the hights were attacked and finally carried by Sedgwick's storming columns. While taking a position to which it was directed in the movements of the morning, the regiment was exposed to a sharp artillery fire, by which one man was killed and 14 were wounded. After following the Sixth Corps to the hights, Hall's Brigade returned to the city and held it till the morning of the 5th, the rest of the division having returned to the Falmouth side. There was some skirmishing during the 4th, the Confederates having reoccupied the hights, but the brigade withdrew unmolested under cover of a fog next morning. Several weeks of inactivity followed, and on the 15th of June the corps began its movement northward, the regiment reaching Thorouglifare Gap on the 20tli and stopping there till the 25th. Then it withdrew while Confeder- ate shells saluted the rear of the column, crossed the Potomac next day at Edwards Ferry and encamped that night at Pctolcsville on ground familiar to the original members of the command. Frede- rick was reached on the 28th, and next day the regiment made its longest march during the campaign — over 30 miles. Night of the 1st of July brought the Second Corps to the field of Gettysburg as a reserve, and next morning it was jiiaced in line of battle, the position of the Twentieth being in the second line near the left of the corps, about half way from the Cemetery to the Round Tops. The regiment was not engaged that afternoon, the fire of the first line checldng the advance of the Confederates after thry had driven back the Third Corps, whose right at the beginning of the attack had been nearly in front of the Twentieth. A rise of the ground 320 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. protected the regiment considerably; yet it suffered some loss, hav- ing four killed and a number wounded — among the latter being the beloved Colonel Revere, who died of his injuries on the 5th. The regiment occupied the same position during the early part of the following day, and the swell of ground partially sheltered it from the heavy artillery fire which preceded the advance of the Con- federates under General Pickett. As the charging line came near the Twentieth delivered some well-directed volleys which did much to clear the ground in their front, but just to the right the masses of the enemy struck and broke into the Union line. The regiment hurried to the spot and took an important part in the contest wliich raged so violently for a short time, till the hostile line was broken and repulsed. The deadly nature of the contest is sufficiently evi- denced by the fact that the Twentieth, out of 230 taken into action, lost 111, of whom 32 were killed or died during the day, including First Lieutenant Henry Ropes and Second Lieutenant Sumner Paine, both of Boston. Lieutenant Colonel Macy received a wound neces- sitating the amputation of his hand. Three officers only escaped unhurt. As a result of the death of Colonel Revere, Lieutenant Colonel Macy was promoted to the colonelcy. The regiment left Gettysburg on the 5th, with its corps, march- ing by way of South Mountain, Frederick and the Antietam battle- field to the vicinity of Williamsport, where the two armies maneu- vered for a few days till the morning of the 14th showed the Con- federates once more across the Potomac, and after following them to the margin of the river the Union army turned its steps toward Harper's Ferry. The Twentieth encamped in Pleasant Valley on the 15th, And rested there till the morning of the 18th, when it crossed the river and made its way southward along the eastern side of the Bhie Ridge, halting on the 26th near Warrenton Junc- tion. Four days later it moved with its corps some ten miles to the south, near j\Iorrisvillo, where a more permanent camp was estab- lished, being occupied with but a brief absence on reconnaissance till the 12th of September. During that time the numbers of the I'egiment were largely swelled by the arrival of 183 substitutes, many of whom, notwithstanding the fact that they were regarded with distrust by some of the veterans, proved excellent soldiers. The movement which ensued was across the Rap])ahannock, and after spending some days near Culpeper the Second Corps moved THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 321 forward to the Rapidan, where the regiment was engaged for some time in picketing the river. During this time it lost one of its most efficient line olhcers 1)7 the murder in camp by some unknown per- son of Captain Thomas M. McKay of Boston, on the 6th of October. Tliere was during this time much picket firing across the river, and several in the regiment were wounded. Being relieved on the 6th, the Second Corps fell back to Culpeper, but had been there only three or four days when it was found that Lee's army was attempt- ing to pass around the flank of the Union army to the northward. Then followed that series of maneuverings" which a few days later brought the two commands back to the vicinity of the Bull Run battle-fields. The movement was a strange one, the hostile columns almost mingling during some portions of the march, the most serious encounter occurring at Bristoe's Station on the 14th. At that point the Twentieth Regiment was one of those which threw themselves behind the railroad embankment and by a terrible fire at close quarters drove the attacking Confederates back with heavy loss ; the casualties in the regiment being but one man killed and six Avoundcd. Major Abbott was still in command, but a few days later Colonel Macy returned to duty. In a few days the movement was again southward, and on the 23d the regiment encamped near Warrenton, stopping there for two weeks. It then crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford and encamped near Brandy Station, from which it set out on the 26th of November for the Mine Run campaign. In the skirmishing of the two or three days following the Twentieth did some brilliant work, having a number of men wounded, but none killed. The proposed l)attle Avas not fought, and after facing the Confederates in their strong position for two or three days of intensely cold weather, the Union army was withdrawn on the night of the 1st of December and made its way back to the old camps near Brandy Station. The Twentieth crossed the Rapidan at Gcrmania Ford on the morning of the 2d and that night were " at home" on the banks of Mountain Run. Two or three days later the regiment moved a few miles to Stevensburg and erected its winter huts, re- maining there till the opening of the spring campaign of 1864, with the exception of one absence of two or three days on a reconnais- sance. During this time 173 of the original members whose period of service was approaching its end re-enlisted for an additional term 522 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. of three years, and the return of convalescents and the addition of recruits brought tlie number present for duty at the opening of the campaign up to 25 othcers and 563 enlisted men. During most of the winter Major Abbott had been in command of the regiment, but Colonel Macy rejoined it before the battle of the Wilderness. The regiment broke camp on the night of May 3, and the follow- ing day marched to the Rapidan and crossed it at Ely's Ford. The next day's march brought it to the battle-field of the Wilderness, but it was not till the forenoon of the 6th that with its brigade it became engaged on the Plank road. The brigade had been sent out to the support of other troops, supposed to be in that vicinity, but suddenly encountered the enemy in force in the dense forest. The Twentieth fought for some three hours, when the giving way of troops on the flank forced them to retire some distance, where the line was reformed. The loss had been heavy, and cannot be ex- actly stated, owing to the subsequent loss of the papers of the regi- ment, but it is believed that 30 were killed or died of their wounds during the day, among the number being Major Abbott, a Ijrave and accomplished officer. Seven officers were wounded, including Colonel Macy and Adjutant Henry W. Bond of West Roxbury — the latter being murdered by guerrillas in an ambulance on the 14th, while on his way to Belle Plain. Captain Arthur R. Curtis took command of the regiment as the senior officer left for duty. The following day was passed without conflict, and the 8tli was occupied in the movement to the vicinity of Spottsylvania Court House, where the next great struggle had already begun. The river Po was crossed the following afternoon, and during the fore- noon of the lOth two companies were sent to dislodge a force of the enemy at a bend of the river, which was accomplished, though in doing it First Lieutenant Edward Sturgis, commanding Com- pany A^ was killed. Soon after the regiment moved to the left and took part in an unsuccessful charge on the enemy's works, in which First Lieutenant Lansing E. Hibbard of Pittsfield was killed. A few enlisted men were killed and a proportionally large number wounded in these encounters. The 11th was spent in the erection of earthworks, and following a day of labor came a night of marching and maneuvering, in preparation for the grand assault on the enemy's lines made by Hancock's Corps on the morning of the 12th. In that the regi- THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 323 merit took an active part, capturing three pieces of artillery and work- iii<;-them for some time against the Confederates, suffering" a loss of about 20 in wounded and missing, while four were killed. The com- mand participated next day in another attack, farther to the left, which did not meet the success of the effort of the 12tli. One man in the regiment was killed and a number were wounded and missing. Another attack was made on the morning of the 18th, but it re- sulted only in severe loss to the troops engaged. Captain Curtis, commanding the Twentieth, was badly wounded, and Captain Kelli- her was terribly mutilated, having his right arm, collar bone and shoulder blade torn off, his jaw broken and his side lacerated, with severe injury to two ribs, yet recovering and rejoining his regiment in the field before the termination of the Avar. Captain Henry L. Patten of Cambridge took command after the disabling of Captain Curtis. The army remained before Spottsylvania three days longer, when the movement by the left flank was resumed, bringing the Armv of the Potomac to the North Anna on the 23d. The enemy were already there. The regiment crossed the river at Jericho Ford next day and assisted in driving the Confederates from their works, suf- fering a considerable loss in killed, wounded and missing. The position was held till the 27th, when the troops withdrew to the left bank and again marched southward. The Pamunkey was reached and crossed near Newcastle on the 28th, line of battle being formed just beyond, and from that time the movements of the corps were a series of maneuvers, skirmishes and more determined engage- ments, accompanied by continual loss. Cold Harbor was reached on the morning of the 2d of June, and the regiment took part in the battle of the next day, meeting the fate of all organizations sharing in that disastrous engagement — reaching a position close to the enemy's works, at a heavy cost of killed and wounded, but gain- ing no compensating advantage. It remained there, engaged in siege operations and exposed to the constant lire of the enemy's sharpshooters till the 12th, its total losses at Cold Harbor being seven men killed and over 30 wounded. These continual losses had worn the command down to a fraction of the strong battalion which had started on the campaign little more than a month before. The regiment left the works before Cold Harbor on the 12th, crossed the Chickahominy on the 13th, the James at Windmill Point the 14th, and moved thence toward Petersburg. It reached 324 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the lines in front of the city on the night of the 15th, relieving other troops and taking part in the fighting of the next few days ; but the loss sustained in the various encounters cannot be stated. It rendered a signal service to its division on the 22d, when the at- tempt to extend the lines to the left exposed the flank of the Second Corps, which the enemy promptly assailed, capturing and scattering regiment after regiment till the Twentieth were reached, when a change of front and a few of those efficient volleys which they knew so w^ell how to deliver stayed the Confederate triumph and enabled the corps to regain the lost ground. During this en- counter and the next two days the regiment lost about 20, six of whom were killed. It then moved to the rear some two miles and for a few weeks enjoyed comparative rest, though frequently chang- ing camp and still sharing the routine of the siege. On the 18th of July those of the original members whose term of enlistment was about to expire — 21 in all — left the trenches and set out for Boston to be mustered out of service. The remainder were consolidated to seven companies and the veterans and recruits of the Fifteenth Massachusetts formed into a battalion of three companies completed the regimental organization. The James river was crossed to Deep Bottom on the 26th, the regiment remaining there for four days, when it returned to the former location, having lost one lieutenant and 32 enlisted men captured from the picket line. Captain Patten was still in command of the regiment, having been commissioned major to date from the 20tli of June ; Captain Curtis, absent wounded, had been advanced to lieutenant colonel June 20, his commission as major dating from the 7th of May. Another movement beyond the James occurred August 12, the regiment going l)y transports and debarking on the 14th. Various maneuvers followed, an unsuccessful attack being made on the Con- federate position, succeeded by skirmishing and picket duty, in which the regiment lost more than 30 men in wounded and missing, one being killed. Captain Patten received a wound by which he lost a leg and died from its effects on the 10th of Sei)tember. The regi- ment returned to its camp on the 20th of August, and three days later marched with its corps to Reams Station where on the 25tli it had the misfortune to be captured almost entire by a successful flanking movement on the part of the enemy. Only about ten men escaped, but the arrival of convalescents, detailed men and others THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 325 in a few weeks brought the total strength up to 70, a company organization being formed of which Captain Magnitskoy took com- mand September 11, on his return from escorting the detachment to Massachusetts. A few days later others having come in from hospital, three companies were organized, and the battalion served in various forts till late in October, having during the time a num- ber killed and wounded. On the 24th of that month it joined in the movement to Hatcher's Run, taking part in the action there on the 27th, penetrating to the Boydtown road where being in advance it was deployed and attacked the rebels, losing nearly a dozen in wounded and missing and retiring during the night. Captain Albert B. Holmes of Nantucket returned to duty on the 31st and took com- mand, the regiment on the same day being stationed in Battery XI, in the front line of works, where it remained four weeks, being re- lieved on the 29th of Xoveml)er, having during the time lost ten in killed and wounded. A few days before Captain Kellilier, whose terrible wound at Spottsylvania has been referred to, returned to the regiment and took command, being promoted to major. With the close of November, the Twentieth moved to the left of the Union lines, changed location several times, and finally built their winter quarters near Fort Emory. Lieutenant Colonel Curtis returned to the regiment on the 12th of January, 18G5, and on the 5th of February it participated in the movement across Hatcher's Run, befng on the skirmish line during the fighting of that day, and remaining in the vicinity during the succeeding days on which the enemy strove to prevent this ex- tension of the Federal lines. Its loss was but one killed, six wounded and five captured. All suffered severely, however, from the inclement weather. The Confederates submitting to the inevi- table and withdrawing from the contest, the ground gained was in- trenched and the camps of the Second Corps were pitched in that region. Then the usual routine went on till near the close of March. The regiment turned out on the 25th of that month when the enemy captured Fort Stedman, but after marching some distance found that its services were not required and at night returned to camp. Three days afterward orders came to prepare for the final cam- paign, and on the morning of the 29th the command broke camp, marching by the Yaughan road across Hatcher's Run. It was one of the fortunes of war that this veteran regiment, which for three 326 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. years and a half had borne the brunt of almost every conflict in which the Army of the Potomac had engaged, should during the final struggle escape without a casualty. It took part in all the movements of its corps, joined in the advance against the enemy's works on the morning of A})ril 2, entering them without opposition, and thence marching tovfard Petersburg, halting at night within three miles of the city. Next day it moved to Sunderland Station on the Southside railroad, and afterward followed in the pursuit of the Southern army. After the surrender, on the 9th, the regiment remained in the vicinity of Appomattox Court House till the 11th, when it marched to Burke's Station and rested there till the 2d of May. It then marched to Richmond, reaching the late Confederate capital on the 5th and being reviewed there on the 6th ; the weary battalion passed through Fredericksburg on the 10th, and three days later halted within the defenses of Washington — defenses that were no longer needed, for there was no hostile army in the held. The few remaining events of note in the history of the regiment transpired at what seemed long intervals, for the soldiers who had so faithfully performed their duties were impatient to return to home and civil life. The great review in Washington occurred on the 23d, and Lieutenant Colonel Curtis resigned on the 29th. The veterans and re-enlisted men of the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts joined the Twentieth June 22. They numbered, present and absent, 223, including five officers ; Lieutenant Colonel Lincoln of the Thirty-seventh being the senior officer took command of the con- solidated forces. Orders for making the final rolls were received earlv in July, and on the 15th of that month the organization was mustered out of the national service. It left for Massachusetts on the 17th reaching camp at Readville on the 20th. Eight days later its members were paid and discharged. The roster of the Twentieth bears the names of 3,230 members, including re-enlistments, promotions, the detachments from other regiments which were incorporated with it near the close of its ser- vice, and the 500 or so unassigncd recruits, very few of whom ever joined the command. Of this number 50 died in Confederate pris- ons, and 533 are unaccounted for on the records of the adjutant general's office. The regiment was exceptional in the number of general officers which it gave to the service, no less than 11 attain- ing the brevet rank of brigadier general or higher grade. THE TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. THE Twenty-first Regiment began to gather on the Agricult- ural Grounds at Worcester, then named Camp Lincoln, in honor of ex-Governor Levi Lincoln, in July, 1861, Companies A, F and G arriving on the 19th and four or five others having been filled by the close of the month. The majority of the regiment were Worcester county men, though Hampden, Hampshire and Franklin counties were represented, with a few from other sections. The camp was under command of Major General Augustus Morse of the state militia. The men were mustered into the United States service from the 16th to the 23d of August by Captain Goodhue of the Eleventh Regulars, and the commissions of most of the officers bore date of the 21st. The roster was as follows : — Colonel, Augustus Morse of Leominster; lieutenant colonel, Alberto Maggi of New Bedford; major, William S. Clark of Amherst; sur- geon, Calvin Cutter of Warren; assistant surgeons, James Oliver of Athol and Orin Warren of West Newbury; chaplain, George 8. Ball of Upton (from November 11); adjutant, Tlieron E. Hall of Ilolden; quartermaster, George F. Thompson of Worcester; sergeant major, AVilliani H. Valentine of Worcester; quartermaster sergeant, Harrison A. Royce of Newton; commissary sergeant, William E. Richardson of Boston; hospital steward, James S. Green of Fitchburg ; principal musician, John L, Cook of Worcester ; leader of brass-band, Reuben K. Waters of Webster. Company A — Captain, George P. Hawkes; first lieutenant, Charles AV. Davis; second lieutenant, Joliii Brooks, Jr., all of Tcm])lcton. Company B — Captain, Charles F. Walcott of Boston: first lieuten- ant, Wells Willard; second lieutenant, James W. Hopkins, both of Springfield. Company C — Captain, James M. Richardson of Hubbardston; first lieutenant, William T. Harlow of Spencer; second lieutenant, Ira J. Kelton of Holden. Company D — Caj)tain, Theodore S. Foster; first lieutenant, Charles Barker; second lieutenant, Eben T. Hey wood, all of Fitchburg. Company E — Captain, Pelliam Bradford of West Boylston; first 328 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. lieutenant. Solomon Hovey, Jr., of Boston; second lieutenant, Wood- bury Whittemore of Lancaster. Company F — Captain, B. Frank Rogers of Worcester; first lieuten- ant, Charfes K., Stoddard of Upton; second lieutenant, Samuel 0. Laforest of Boston. Company G — Captain, Addison A. Walker; first lieutenant, Alonzo P. Davis; second lieutenant, Samuel A. Taylor, all of Ashburnham. Company H — Captain, Joseph P. Eice of Ashl)urnham; first lieu- tenant, John D. Frazer of Holyoke; second lieutenant, Solomon C. Shumway of Belchertown. Company I — Captain, Henry H. Richardson of Pittsfield; first lieu- tenant, Frazar A. Stearns of Amherst; second lieutenant, Joel W. Fletcher of Leominster. Company K — Captain, Thomas S. Washburn of Worcester ; first lieutenant, Matthew M. Parkhurst ; second lieutenant, John B. Williams, both of Barre. Marching orders came on the morning of the 23d of August ; the men were armed with smooth-bore muskets changed from flint to percussion locks, and marched to Worcester, where Hon. Alexander H. Bullock in behalf of the ladies of the city presented a fine national flag. Cars were taken to Norwich that afternoon, a night ride on the steamer landed the regiment at Jersey City next morn- ing, and the journey by rail was resumed, reaching the abundant hospitality of the Philadelphia Cooper Shop in the evening. Balti- more was reached Sunday forenoon, and after reporting to General Dix, waiting for several hours on the street, the Twenty-first were informed that they would remain at Baltimore for a time ; they ac- cordingly marched through the city to Patterson Park, receiving neither insult nor welcome from the curious crowds Avhich lined the way. In the dusty inelosure, which was christened Camp Lincoln, in honor of the President, the command remained three days, when it was ordered to Annapolis, which was reached on the morning of the 30th, six companies garrisoning the Naval School at that place while four companies remained at Annapolis Junction to picket the railroad. Lieutenant Colonel Maggi, on joining the regiment early in September, took command of the latter detachment, the com- panies being changed from tiuie to time. A second muster was had September 17, on account of some in- formality in the ])rcvious one, and from that time till the middle of December the regiment remained on duty with no cxi)eriences more startling than an occasional night alarm such as new troops very often indulged in. A sad event was the shooting of Lieutenant TEE TWEXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 329 Charles K. Stoddard by a picket on the night of September 30, Corporal 'llayden having met his death in a similar manner a few days before, both occurring through the misunderstanding of one or both parties as to the duties of the sentries. On the 20th of De- cember it was settled that the regiment was to form part of the Burnside expedition, and the fact gave much satisfaction, as the men had been disappointed that through some misunderstanding it had not taken part in the Sherman expedition to the South Carolina coast sumo time previous. At the making up of the brigades for Burnside's command, the Twenty-first was the first regiment selected by General Bono, its associates being the Fifty-first New York, Fifty-first Pennsylvania and Ninth New Jersey. At this time Lieutenant Colonel Maggi took command of the regiment. Colonel Morse remaining in charge of the post at An- napolis, a position more to his taste. The worthless weapons of the men were discarded on the 21st, the right and left companies being armed with Harper's Ferry rifles with saber bayonets and the balance of the command with Enfield rifles. The regiment went aboard the transport Northerner on the afternoon of January G, 1862, and sailed on the 9th, the head-quarters of General Reno being on the same vessel. Fortress Monroe was reached at evening of the 10th, and after stopping a day the flotilla set forth for Hatteras Inlet on the North Carolina coast, when the destination of the ex- pedition for the first time became known. The entrance to the In- let was reached at evening of the 12th, but owing to a storm it was not till the following day that a passage was effected and the steamer anchored off Forts Hatteras and Clark, which had been captured by the Federal gun-boats some months before. That night a severe storm set in, which continued with little interruption for two weeks, during much of which time the Northerner was aground and nar- rowly escaped destruction, the men being repeatedly shifted to other craft in the effort to float the vessel, and suffering from want of proper food and the natural discomforts of the situation. Finally on the 5th of February the flotilla was in sailing condition and moved up Pamlico Sound to within a few miles of Roanoke Island, where it lay till the morning of the Tth in a heavy fog. The mili- tary force of the expedition was known as the Coast Division of the Army of the Potomac, was commanded by General Burnside and consisted of three brigades, of which General Reno commanded 330 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the Second, the First and Third being respectively under Generals John G. Foster and John G. Parke. Most of the 7th was occupied by a sharp engagement between the Union and the Confederate gun-boats, the latter assisted by the fire of Fort Bartow on the island, but late in the afternoon when the fire of the latter had been silenced the division was transferred to lighter draught boats and landed at a convenient point without opposition. The Twenty-first were selected for skirmishers and faithfully picketed the ground during the night, losing one man wounded as they deployed. Soon after the opening of the engage- ment next morning the regiment went forward and worked its way through the deep swamp on the left of the road leading to the hostile fort which was the object of attack. The two flank com- panies, G and D, accompanied by General Reno and Colonel Maggi, advanced in line of battle, pushing l)ack the enemy gradually while the main part of the regiment followed by the flank owing to the nature of the ground. On firmer ground being reached line of battle was formed and the entire regiment charged and drove the Confederates from the fort, planting the regimental state flag first upon the rebel works. The regiment joined in the pursuit till the surrender of the enemy, and then assisted in preventing the escape of the southerners from the island. The loss of the command was 13 killed or fatally hurt and 44 others wounded, among the latter being Captain Foster, whose leg was badly shattered, and Acting Adjutant Stearns. The flag of the battery which had been captured by the charge of the Twenty-first was sent to Boston and placed on exhibition at the State House. That night the regiment passed in the comfortable new barracks recently completed by the Confederates, and nearly a month was spent on the island. During this time Lieutenant Colonel Maggi resigned, Major Clark was promoted to the vacancy from February 28 and took command. Captain Joseph P. Rice being made major. The regiment again embarked on the Northerner March 4, lying at anchor till the 11th, when it sailed to Hattorns Inlet and the fol- lowing day ascended the Neuse river, anchoring at the mouth of Slocum's Creek, 16 miles below Newbern. Disembarking the next morning at 9 o'clock the column advanced some ten miles, passing on the way many deserted fortifications and other evidences of recent Confederate occupation, but meeting no resistance. The day, as THE TWENTY-FIRST REGUIENT. 331 well as the following, was rainy and foggy, making the movements of the soldiers very difficult. On the morning of the 14th the regi- ment with Company G as advance guard led the brigade through the thick woods on the left of the railroad. Encountering the enemy's intrenchments, some four miles below Newbern, Lieutenant Colonel Clark with four companies of his right wing was ordered to charge across the railroad and occupy a Inick-yard, which he did with severe loss, driving out the foe, after which he charged u]ton a battery and captured one gun, when a counter-charge Ijy three North Carolina regiments forced the brave battalion to make the best of its way out. It then rejoined the left wing, which was fighting steadily in front of the redans to the left, and was in time to share in the general advance at the giving way of the Confederate lines. The loss of the Twenty-first in the battle of Newbern was 19 killed and 39 wounded, four of the latter dying soon after. Ad- jutant Stearns was among the killed and was one of the first to fall. The bi-ass gun which had been captured l)y Colonel Clark's detach- ment was afterward suital)ly engraved and sent to Amherst College to be preserved as a memorial of him and of the other members of the regiment who were killed in the battle. While the rest of the army followed up the retiring enemy the Twenty -first were left in charge of the battle-field, but on the 19th they rejoined the brigade and took possession of a former Confederate camp near Newbern, which Avas renamed Camp Andrew. This camp, despite all possible sanitary measures, proved ver}' unhealthy, and the regiment suffered much from fevers. On the 24th Miss Carrie E. Cutter, daughter of the surgeon, who from her devotion to the sick and wounded had been called " the Florence Nightingale of the regiment," died on board the Northerner, to the great grief of the command. Second Lieutenant Charles Coolidge of Sterling also died of fever on the 31st. During April an expedition was planned threatening Norfolk, and the Twenty-first were selected as a part of the force. With the Fifty-first Pennsylvania, the regiment embarked on the Northerner April 17, and sailing up Pamlico Sound the command was joined at Roanoke Island by three regiments under Colonel Hawkins of the Ninth New York, the whole commanded by General Reno. Sailing up the Pasquotank river the force debarked three miles be- low Elizabeth City during the forenoon of the 10th. Hawkins's Brigade had some hours the start, but 12 miles out they were over- 332 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. taken. The Fifty-first and Twentv-first then took the lead ; four miles further on they were fired upon by artillery before the pres- ence of the foe was suspected, and found a Confederate force of some 2,000 men with 14 guns strongly posted. The two Union regiments made a detour to the right, the Twenty-first getting a favorable position in the rear of the artillery and driving back the opposing skirmishers. An advance was made as soon as the other regiments were in position and the foe was driven from the field, but no at- tempt at pursuit was made. After dark the Union column began to retrace its steps, such of the wounded as could not bear transportation being left at a house in the vicinity under the care of Assistant Surgeon Warren. These were well treated by the Confederates and as soon as they recovered sufficiently were sent into the Union lines on parole. The return march was very difficult, the mud being deep and the men exhausted, but within 24 hours after leaving them the transports were regained, the command having marched from 35 to 45 miles, besides fighting a battle and. winning a victory. The loss of the Twenty-first had been four killed, 11 wounded and one missing. Camp was reached on the afternoon of the 22d. A reorganization of the troops took place on the 25th of April, when the Twenty-first became a part of the Second Brigade of Reno's Division, its fellow-regiments being the two Fifty-firsts and the Eleventh Connecticut, Colonel Ferrero of the Fifty-first New York commanding. Twenty-three recruits from Massachusetts were received on the 7th of May. The monotony of camp life was broken on the ITth, when the regiment was sent out' be- fore daylight to assist the Second Maryland, which had been cut off from camp and was in danger of capture. The Twenty-first marched rapidly for 11 miles through the rain and mud, when the Confederates retired and the half-famished Marylanders were greeted by their deliverers with a hot breakfast and escorted back to camp in trium])h. On the 15th of May Colonel Morse left the service and in due time Lieutenant Colonel Clark was promoted to colonel, Major Rice to lieutenant colonel and Captain Foster to major, — but the latter, disabled by his wound, did not join the regiment. Rumors and orders for moving came toward the close of June, and on the 2d of July the regiment took transports, in common with other troops, and at evening of the 8d reached Hatteras Inlet, THE TWENTY-FIRST liEGIMENT. 333 where tidings were received which caused a return to Newborn dur- ing the 4th. That night was passed on the transport and the fol- lowing on shore in the old cami)s, when the command rc-cmbarked and steamed to Newport News, where it debarked and encamped. Other troops rapidly gathered there, General Parke coming from North Carolina and (General Stevens from South Carolina with de- tachments, and on the 22d of July the Ninth Army Corps was organized. Colonel Ferrero's command, consisting of the Twenty- first and the two Fifty-first Regiments became the Second Brigade of the Second (Reno's) Division. This division, followed by the First under General Stevens, Avas sent to the assistance of General Pope, going by steamer on the 2d of August to Acquia Creek, where on the 4th cars were taken for Fredericksburg. The division re- lieved General King's Division of the Third Corps, the Twenty-first going into camp about a mile from the city and remaining till the 12th, when it was ordered to reinforce General Pope on the Rai»idan. Marching to Bealton, the regiment took cars on the 14th, rode to Culpcpcr Court House and camped for the night. The next day an advance was made to the vicinity of Raccoon Ford on the Rapidaii, where the regimental brass-band Avas mustered out. On the night of the 18th Pope began to withdraw, Reno's Division which formed the rear guard not getting under way till nearly daybreak. It marched till late the following afternoon, when the Rappahannock was crossed at Kelly's Ford, the Army of Virginia taking position on the north bank and intrenching with outposts on the other side of the river, where skirmishing was of daily occurrence. The regiment left Kelly's Ford on the morning of the 22d and moved up the river to Rappahannock Station, where there had been lighting across the river, while Jackson's force was reported to be crossing at the fords above, and the column moved forward spas- modically till on the 24th the regiment reached Sul])hur SjjriiigS; where a portion of Ewell's Division had crossed, made a little light with Sigel's troops and retreated, burning the bridge behind them. Next day the Twenty-first marched in the morning to Warivnton and formed line of battle, expecting an attack from Jackson's troo|)s, known to be across the river ; but none came, for that shrewd chieftain was marching rapidly northward, to the rear of the Union army. At evening the regiment started for Warrenton Junction, which was reached at midniu-ht ; on the morning of the 334 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 27th started back toward Warrenton, but after marching a few miles returned to the Junction and moved northward to Greenwich. The next forenoon it marched eastward to ]V[anassas and on toward Bull Run, which was crossed on the morning of the 29th, and through Centerville the command pressed toward the battle-field. Soon after noon the brigade took })osition near the center of the Union lines, and was soon placed in support of 20 pieces of artillery. Near sunset, after having witnessed two similar charges by mere handfuls of Union troops against the Confederate position, it was ordered to attack, unsupported, and had nearly reached the edge of the fatal woods when General Reno ordered a halt and made a pro- test to General Pope, as a result of which the brigade was with- drawn and rested on its arms during the night. The command, though sometimes under fire the day following, was not engaged till near night, when the Union army was mostly in retreat. Then under the direction of the gallant Reno it was moved by the left flank a half-mile to the Henry House Hill, covering the turnpike across Young's Branch and Bull Run, where the three regiments with Captain Graham's Battery took positon. The enemy soon came on in strong force, but the sharp fire of the artillery and infantry drove them back with heavy loss. Half an hour later a sudden at- tack was made on the Fifty-first New York, but the Twenty -first changed front to its assistance and the enemy was again repulsed. The Union army was now falling back, General Reno being as- signed to cover the rear, and when the way was clear his command, including the Twenty-first, withdrew across the Run, where line of battle was formed ; but the enemy showed no disposition to follow — did not in fact know of the retreat of Pope's forces till next morning — and later in the evening Ferrcro's Brigade continued on to Centerville. The loss of the regiment during the day had been slight, being but seven wounded and Surgeon Cutter taken prisoner while as division medical officer accompanying the First Brigade on a charge. Assistant Surgeon James Oliver was also left behind to care for the wounded lying on the field when ilie regiment fell back. Both of these officers rejoined the command in a few days. But if the Twenty -first Regiment had escaped lightly at the Second Hull Run Ijattle, it was to have the most terrible experience in its history two days later at the battle of Chantilly. On the morning of the 1st of September the brigade moved about a mile THE TWENTY-FIBST BEGIMENT. 335 and pitched its camp in a fine locality, but at 2 o'clock it was oi'- dcred to march and took the road toward Fairfax Court House, soon approaching the scene of conflict, as was indicated by the fir- ing in advance. About 5 o'clock the regiment in line of battle en- tered a thick piece of woods, a sudden storm raging with great severity. While still pressing forward, the line much disorganized by the darkness and difficulties of the forest, troops were observed in front, but Averc supposed to be the Fifty-first New York, which had entered in advance of the Twenty-first, till a murderous volley at short range was i)Oured in from front and flank. The loss of the regiment was terrible, but the men fought as best they could till the soaking rain rendered the guns on both sides useless when Colonel Clark gave the order to retire. As the shattered regiment came out of the woods it was met by General Kearny and ordered through a large corn-field to extend the line of Birney's Brigade, which was engaged a quarter of a mile distant, the position only indicated by the flashes of the muskets. The Twenty-first moved slowly in memory of their recent exi)eri- encc and as most of their rifles were useless, entering the field with Company G deployed as skirmishers. They had already capt- ured some prisoners and were exchanging shots with the enemy's pickets hidden in the -corn, when Kearny, chafing at the slowness of the movement, rode in front of the line and was at once shot down. Next moment the two lines of battle confronted each other, only a few yards apart, and the Twenty-first delivered the first fire ; but it was instantly returned and followed by a charge of the Confederates and hand to hand fighting, both sides losing heavily and presently as by mutual consent separating and retiring to their respective sides of the field. Federal reinforcements had now come up, but the attempt of Jackson was foiled and neither side cared to renew the contest — the shattered remnant of the regi- ment lay in the mud through the night and next day withdrew within the Alexandria fortifications. Its loss had been very heavy. Of the field and staff. Colonel Clark was left almost alone. Lieutenant Colonel Rice was killed in the first encounter in the forest ; Major Ilawkes and Adjutant Willard had been captured while reconnoitering in the corn-field ; Assistant Surgeon Joseph W. Hastings and Chaplain Ball had re- mained to care for the wounded in a temporary hospital on the 336 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. battle-field and fell into the hands of the enemy. Of the line officers, Captains Frazer and Kelton, First Lieutenants Henry A. Beckwith of Fitchburg and Frederic A. Bemis of Spencer and Second Lieutenant William B. Hill of Gardner were killed or mor- tally wounded ; First Lieutenant William H. Clark ( severely wounded) and Second Lieutenant George C. Parker were prisoners. The total killed and mortally wounded reached 38, 76 were wounded and mostly left on the field, and 26 unwounded had been made prisoners, out of 400 taken into action. Besides these many had become separated from the regiment who rejoined it soon after. A general reorganization now took place. The Army of Virginia — Pope's command — was merged in the Army of the Potomac, under General McClellan ; the Ninth Corps was made to consist of four divisions, General Reno commanding the corps, which with the First, General Hooker, formed the right wing of the army under General Burnside. The Twenty -first Regiment at this time re- ceived 45 recruits, and Ferrero's Brigade was strengthened by the addition of the Thirty -fifth Massachusetts, which joined it on the northward march — the brigade number remaining the same, Gen- eral Sturgis commanding the division. The regiment changed its camp on the night of September 4 to the northern borders of Washington ; the march into Maryland began on the Tth, and Frederick was passed through on the 13th. In the battle of South Mountain on the 14th the Twenty-first did not have an important part. They were ordered up the mountain about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, taking position in an open space just below the summit, forming a second line in support of the two Fifty- firsts later in the afternoon while the Thirty-fifth was ordered into the woods in front. The latter found no foe, but soon after their return a musket fire was delivered from the edge of the woods, mortally wounding General Reno. Some of Longstrect's troojis had come up to try to retake the position from which their fellows had been driven earlier in the day, but their efforts were vain, and the Twenty-first, in the sui){)ortiiig line, were not called upon to fire a shot, and lost but five men wounded. Next day Captain Hovey with two companies was sent back to Frederick in charge of some prison- ers, and the eight remaining companies, numbering about 150 men, marched in the afternoon to the vicinity of Antictam Creek, where the armies under Lee and McClellan were t>atherini!: for battle. THE TWENTY-FIRST BEGIMENT. 337 The Ninth Corps moved to the left during the 16th, and that night the regiment bivouacked in view of the hot^tile batteries across the creeii:. The next forenoon it supported Durell's Battery while attempts Avere made to cross the creek by what was subsequently known as " Burnside's Bridge," and later in the day its brigade was ordered to make the crossing. The T'wenty-first at once took position near the margin of the creek and with the Fifty-firsts and the artil- lery opened a heavy fire upon the Confederates opposite. A dash was then made for the bridge by the Pennsylvanians and New York- ers ; the Thirty-fifth and Twenty-first followed and took position in a ravine on the right of the road after crossing. Later in the after- noon, as the Union lines were forced back, the brigade was ordered to an eminence to the left of Shar{)sburg, as a check to the Con- federates. The Twenty-first were very short of ammunition, but with the last cartridges in their guns held the position till after dark, when a hostile volley from the right fiank warned them that it was time to retire, which they did without further loss, halting on the bights in front of the bridge, where they received food and am- munition. Lying there through the night, the regiment was next day sent to the left as an outpost and took a position running from the creek to the first hill ; but the fight was not renewed that day and at night the command was relieved, retiring across the stream. Next morning the bridge was again crossed and the brigade ad- vanced over the field from which the enemy had retreated, finally going into bivouac with the rest of the division near the confluence of Antietam Creek and the Potomac. The loss of the regiment in the battle had been ten killed, including Second Lieutenant Henry C. Holbrook of Barre, and 85 wounded. The camp at the mouth of the creek was occupied till the 27tli of October, during which time many convalescents returned to duty, but the gain was largely offset by the transfer of 59 members to the regular artillery and cavalry. On the date named the Ninth Corps, General Willcox command- ing, broke camp, crossed the Potomac on pontons at Berlin and be- gan to move leisurely southward, feeling the way from gap to gap in the Blup Ridge till the snow-storm of the 6th of November found the brigade (to which the Eleventh New Hampshire had been added) at the little village of Orleans. The following day the brigade marched in the afternoon, took the wrong road, and during the night found itself on the shore of the unbridged North Fork of the Rai>- 338 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. pahannock. The stream was crossed the next day and the brigade was posted at Jefferson, some miles beyond, where it remained till earl}' morning of the 12th Avhen it was withdrawn across the river, leaving only the outposts on the south side. On the 15th the divis- ion Ijcgan to move down the river, and the enemy shelling the trains as they came in sight caused an artillery duel across the river, which the brigade was called back to support, but the affair ended in artillery fire. On the 19th the regiment passed through Falmouth and went into camp on the river bank below, opposite the lower part of Fredericksburg. It was relieved from duty on the river November 29, and rejoined the brigade some distance in the rear. At night of the 10th of December a hundred men from the regiment were detailed to assist in building the bridges and making corduroy roads the following morning, and at an early hour the rest of the command turned out and marched to the fields about the Phillips house where General Burnside had his head-quarters. In the afternoon General Ferrero obtained permission to force the crossing of the river in ponton boats and drive out the rebel sharp-shooters who were opposing the laying of the bridges. He galloped at once to the brigade, and the Twenty-first and the Fifty-first New York started on the double- quick for the scene, but before it could be reached the work had been done and the two regiments returned. Next morning the regiment, with 190 muskets, crossed the bridge at the city, lying all day in line along the river bank. At 10 o'clock of the 13th the brigade was ordered to sui)port a line of skirmishers in rear of the town, Avhence about noon the regiment with others was moved out into the fields and charged the hostile works under a severe fire. ]>oth color-bearers were soon shot down, but the flags were up again in a moment. Sergeant riunkett raised the national standard only to have both arms shot away and his chest badly wounded by a bursting shell. Half a mile out from the city, having lost a third of their number, the Twenty- first halted and lying down behind a partial cover of rising ground fired their first shots. This position was retained till after dark, when the brigade was relieved and returned to the city, having long before entirely exhausted its ammunition. After a respite of 24 hours the regiment was again ordered forward to the same point, establishing the line and throwing up a very trifling earthwork with THE TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 339 bayonets, cups and a single spade. Behind this it remained all day of the 15th and at night the final withdraAval was made, the Union army returning to the north side of the river. The regiment had lost in the battle 06 enlisted men, of whom 13 were killed or fatally hurt and one was taken prisoner. It remained in camp near Falmouth till the 9th of February, 1863, when tis a i)art of the Ninth Cor})S it went to Acquia Creek by rail- road and took passage on the steamboat Louisiana for Newport News, where it encamped on the 11th, the corps being commanded by General W. F. Smith till the 21st of March, when he was succeeded by General John G. Parke. The regiment took the steamer Kennebec for Baltimore on the 26th, taking cars thence by way of Pittsburg and Columbus to Cincinnati, where with the two Fifty -firsts it was welcomed by General Burnside, then commading the Department of the Ohio. Crossing the Ohio river into Coving- ton, Ky., the regiment took cars again and went to Paris, which was reached on the 1st of April. Stopping there two days, the brigade marched to Mount Sterling, 22 miles distant, and went into camp. That region had been a favorite resort of guerrillas, and a few brushes occurred after the advent of the brigade, but they soon ceased, and on the 17th the rest of the brigade was withdrawn, leav- ing the Twenty-first and some Kentucky cavalry as the garrison of the town, the regiment being quartered in the court-house and by its fidelity and good conduct winning the esteem and confidence of the people. Near the close of April several of the officers, includ- ing Colonel Clark, Captains Walcott and Harlow, resigned on ac- count of the refusal of the authorities to fill the depleted ranks of the command. Chaplain Ball had resigned shortly before the battle of Fredericksburg. The command of the regiment devolved on Lieutenant Colonel Hawkes, promoted from major to date from De- cember 18, 1862. Early in July General John H. Morgan began his famous raid through Kentucky and across the Ohio into the free states, and on the 6th the Twenty-first made a forced march from Mount Sterling to Lexington, which was threatened by the raiders, but the city was not molested. The command encamped in the vicinity till the 12th of August, when it took cars to Nicholasville and marched thence to Camp Nelson, a su])ply dei)ot on the Kentucky river. There the loaimont remained for a month, during which it was made part of 340 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the First Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Corps, the other regi- ments being the Forty-eighth Pennsylvania and Second Maryland, the brigade commanded by Colonel Sigfried of the Forty-eighth. During the summer the rest of the Ninth Corps, with the exception of one or two regiments, had been sent to the assistance of Grant at Yicksburg, but now that they had returned General Burnsidc re- vived his deferred project of freeing Eastern Tennessee from Con- federate domination, and on the 12th of September the Twenty-first started on the march toward Knoxville, Captain Charles W. Davis in command. Camp was reached near the city on the 28th, the regi- ment having traveled more than 200 miles over very difficult roads. It went by cars on the 4th of October to Bull's Gap, 50 miles eastward, the division marching out some four miles next day and halting for reinforcements to come up, the movement being to meet a hostile force said to be coming that way from Virginia. General Burnside advanced on the morning of the 10th and at Blue Springs, five miles on, skirmishing began, the enemy retiring to a belt of woods. Late in the afternoon the First Division, under General Ferrero, made a successful charge, driving the Confederates to their field works and fighting till dark. The Twenty-first supported the Second Maryland Battery and suffered no casualties. In the morn- ing the enemy was found to have retreated and was pursued to Rhea- town. The return march began the 13th, cars were taken at Mor- ristown on the loth, and that evening Knoxville was reached. News of the approach of Longstreet from Chattanooga was re- ceived on the 22d of October, and the regiment at once went by rail to Loudon, 30 miles southwest, remaining there till the 29th, when a retrograde movement was made to Lenoir's Station, seven miles nearer Knoxville. There the Twenty -first remained till November 14, then marched out a short distance and formed line of battle to await the coming of Longstreet's 20,000. Late in the night, the Second Division, Colonel Hartranft in command, marched to near Loudon and relieved the First Division, the Twenty-first going at once on the skirmish line and exchanging shots at long range with the enemy. Longstreet's command had crossed the river below and was working its way around the Union right flank, ho])ing to cut off the Federal force from Knoxville, and in the afternoon the regiment began to fall back, reaching Cani[)beirs Station at daylight, after a severe night's march over TUE TWEXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 841 the difficult and muddy roads. Stopping briefly for breakfast, it again deployed on the Kingston road, and was just in time to meet the Confederate advance. Colonel Hartranft gallantly held the enemy at bay till the Avagons were well on the way to Knoxville and the rest of the Union army had taken up a strong position a half-mile in the rear. Then retiring his command regiment by regiment and taking position on the Union left, the able com- miinder assisted in repulsing two severe attacks Avith comparatively slight loss to the defenders, — the Twenty -first having but two slightly wounded. That night Burnside retired his forces to the defensive position in front of Knoxville which had been selected for receiving the threatened siege, making the third consecutive hard night's march for the regiment. The Second Division occupied a position to the north of the city, and as the besiegers appeared before the close of the day the Twenty-first worked nearly all night in constructing and strength- ening the defenses, Longstreet's operations beginning in earnest the following day. The regiment Avas not often seriously engaged during the siege, though much of its time Avas passed on the skir- misli line and under fire. On the morning of the 24th Lieutenant Colonel HaAvkes Avitli the Twenty-first under Major Richardson and the Forty -eighth Pennsylvania Avas directed to drive out the Pal- metto Sharpshooters, a South Carolina regiment Avhich had capt- ured a part of the Union picket line the night before, and the order Avas at once executed with marked success, the regiment los- ing ten men in the charge. Its loss during the siege was four killed and 11 wounded. General Sherman Avith a relieving force having reached Loudon, the siege Avas abandoned on the 4th of December, and the follow- ing morning the Twenty-first with its brigade made a reconnais- sance for ten miles Avithout encountering the foe. A part of Burn- side's force followed Longstreet to Rutledge, 30 miles to the north- east, but anticipating an attack fell back on the 15th and 16th some 12 miles. While in cam]) there, on the 24tli the subject of re- enlisting for tlirce years Avas broached in the camp of the TAventy- first, and met with much favor, notAvithstanding what had already been suffered. On the 27th two-thirds of the regiment had l)een enrolled for the additional term, thus being the first regiment in the Ninth Corps to win the proffered furlough of 30 days. The 251 342 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. who had re-enlisted started on the Tth of January, 1864, for Camp Nelson, Ky., in charge of 200 Confederate prisoners of war, leaving the 36 members not entitled to furlough temporarily attached to the I'hirty-fifth Massachusetts. The march was very trying, the weather being cold and stormy, the roads rough and poor and the shoes and clothing of the men badly dilapidated. Wagons were met on the 10th, two days' full rations of sugar, coffee and hard bread were drawn, — the first time in four months that more than half-rations had been obtained, — and with light hearts the command trudged on, reaching Camp Nelson at night of the 18th, They Avere taken by wagons to Nicholasvillc on the 20th and thence l)y cai'S to Covington, where they went into barracics till the necessary pajjers could be moode out and the. men paid. Starting for Massachusetts on the 29th, the regiment reached AVorcester on the evening of the 31st, received a cordial reception on the 1st of February, and the members dispersed to their homes. On the 18th of March the regiment left Worcester on. its return, being ordered to Annapolis, where the Ninth CorifS was bein.^ re- organized. The Twenty-first formed part of the Second Brigade, First Division, the other regiments of which were the One Hundredth Pennsylvania and Third Maryland, Colonel Leasure of tho One Hundredth commanding. General Burnsido commanded the cor|)3 and General Thomas G. Stevenson the division. The corps left Annapolis the 23d of April, marched through Washington on the 25th, across Long Bridge, and encamped near Alexandria; but again set fortli on the 27th, going by war of Fair- fax Court House and Bristoe's Station to Bealton. ' There it halted on the 30th, and remained till the 4th of May, when it marched to Brandy Station, crossed the Rapidanat Germania Ford on the even- ing of the 6th, and at 8 o'clock next morning tlie division, reported to General Hancock on the Wilderness battle-field, Leasure's Bri- gade being placed at the left of his line. Toward the close of the forenoon -Longstreet's corps came upon the field and falling upon the right of the Second Corps and the troops acting with it under command of General Hancock, recovered from thein all the ground won by the Union trooi)S earlier in the day by hard figliting. Long- sti'cct, while arranging his forces for a yet more desperate bloAV was badly wounded by the firing of his own men and his plan was aban- doned. In the pause w^hich ensued Hancock ordered Leasure's Bri- THE TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 343 gadc to charge across in i'runt of the Union position, from left to right, which it did without serious opposition, such of the enemy as were encountered giving way before the steady sweep of the line. Position was then taken near the First Brigade at Hancock's right. The loss of the Twenty-first was ten Avoundcd (three mor- tally) and eight missing. On the 9th of May the First Division joined the Third in Front of Spottsylvania Court House where the latter had seized the bridge over the Ny at the crossing of the Fredericksburg turnpike, and on the 10th, 12th and 18th the Twenty-first had part in the inisuccess- ful assaults which were made upon the lines of the enemy in their front, losing on the three occasions five killed, 32 wounded and two taken prisoners. The corps moved to the left of the Union lines on the 19th, searching for a weak spot in the Confederate intrench- nients, but none being found the move towa-rd the North Anna be- gan on the 21st. The regiment with the rest of the Ninth Coips maneuvered in the vicinity of the North Anna for two or three days, but was not actively engaged ; being selected to guard the ford after the withdrawal of the rest of the army, it remained on that duty till near noon of the 27tli, when it rapidly followed its retreating fellows. The Pamunkey was crossed at Hanover Town on the 29th ; on the 30tli the regiment crossed Totopotomy Creek and in- trenched on the Shady Grove Road, where in skirmishes on the two following days it had three killed and as many wounded. One of its most trying engagements occurred on the 2d of June, when the Ninth Corps, forming the extreme right of the Union army, was ordered to close down to the left to consolidate the line. As the movement was being executed, the Twenty-first covering the rear, a sharp attack was delivered, of which the regiment bore the brunt, lighting valiantly and holding the enemy in check till the Fifth and Ninth Corps could be formed to repel the attack. In this contest, sometimes called the battle of Bethesda Church, the Twenty- first lost 13 killed, 21 wounded, most of whom fell into the hands of the enemy, and 13 unwounded taken prisoners. In the subse- quent fighting about Cold Harbor the regiment was not engaged. During the stay there General Crittenden — who had succeeded Gen- eral Stevenson, killed at Spottsylvania — was relieved of the com- mand of the division and succeeded by General J. H. Ledlie. Crossino- the James river at midnuiiit of the loth of June, the 344 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. regiment made a forced march of 30 miles to Petersburg, which was reached late in the afternoon of the 16th, just in time to take part in an assault on the Confederate works in front of Cemetery Hill, in which Burnside's command drove the enemy from their rifle pits to stronger works in the rear. The loss of the Twenty-first was two killed and two wounded, — all by a single solid shot. Each of the three white divisions of the Ninth Cor |)S assaulted the hostile works the following day, the Second in the morning and the Third at noon, both being repulsed, and at evening the First Division ad- vanced over the same ground and made a lodgment, holding on till after dark, when, their ammunition being exhausted, a charge of the Confederates drove out the line. That day's loss of the Twenty- first was four killed, 25 wounded and two captured — among the dead being Captain Charles Goss of Sterling. From this time till the close of July what were left of the command passed their time in the trenches, three days in the front line and three in the second alternately, there being not much difference in the degree of exposure, the second line being only 200 yards from the enemy and sharp-shooters keeping constantly on the alert. During this time the regiment, which on the 20th of June numbered but 110 muskets, lost three killed and 11 wounded. At the battle of the Crater, on the 30th of July, it was in the third or fourth line of the division, and after the leading regiments had crowded into and about the Crater, worked its way to the front ; but it Avas then too late to accomplish anything, and it finally fell back to the original lines, having suffered a loss of 24, of whom seven were killed or mortally wounded and three imwounded taken prisoners. Among the mortally wounded was Captain William H. Clark of Pittsfield commanding the regiment, — Lieutenant Colonel Hawkes having previously ix'signcd on account of failing health. Following the battle, duty in the trenches went on as before. General Burnside resigned the command of the corps August 13, being succeeded by General Parke. Directly after the affair at the Crater, General Ledlie was succeeded by General Julius White in the command of the First Division. On the 18th most of the officers and the men whose enlistment had expired left for Massachusetts, where they were mustered out at Worcester on the 30th. The re- enlisted men and recruits, numbering about 75 muskets present for duty, Avere organized into a l)attalion of three companies, ];no\\ u as THE TWENTY-FIRST HEGIMENT. . 345 H, I and K. Six commissioned officers remained with the battal- ion — Captains Charles W. Davis, Orange S. Samj>son and Edward E. Howe, and First Lieutenants Jonas R. Davis. Felix McDermott and William H. Sawyer. The detachment was commanded by Cap- tain Sampson, Captain Davis being on detached duty. On the day following this arrangement the battalion took part in the l)attle on the Wcldon railroad, the First Brigade, First Division, of which it now formed a part, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Barnes of the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts, arriving on the field just in time to turn the tide of battle against the almost vic- torious Confederates. The loss of the Twenty-first in the fight was three killed and four wounded. The Ninth Corps was now put in position on the right of the Fifth to hold the ground which had been gained, and while there a few recruits came to the battalion ; but on the 27th the First Division moved back to the right and re- lieved the Fourth (colored) Division in the works nearer the city. On the 2d of September the division having l)ecome reduced to a skeleton was broken up and distributed among the other two white divisions, the old Third becoming the First and the Twenty-first forming j)art of the First Brigade, Second Division, General Potter commanding the division and Colonel Curtin of the Forty-lifth Pennsylvania the brigade. Another movement to the left began on the 2oth of September, and at the battle of Peebles Farm or Poplar Springs Church on the 30th the battalion took part in its last engagement as a distinct organization. Taking into that fight — in which General Potter's division was flanked and almost surrounded — some 75 muskets, it suffered a loss of four killed, ten wounded and 11 unwounded captured. Among the killed was Captain Orange S. Sampson of Huntington, its brave commander. Late in October the three companies of the Twenty-first were at- tached to the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts Regiment, which had been consolidated to seven companies, and the sul:)sequent fortunes of the heroic band form a part of the history of that organization. THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. THE Twenty-second Regiment was raised and first commanded by Hon. Henry Wilson, then United States JSenator from Massachusetts. In his anxiety that his state should maintain a high rank in every respect, and feeling that the matter of enlist- ments was lagging somewhat, he returned to Massachusetts after the close of the special session of Congress and gave his energies to the work of raising troops. The prestige of his name was mag- ical, and in a short time not less than twenty new companies were in process of formation. The wish of the national government to have all the troops possible sent forward decided the state authori- ties to form a regiment of the ten companies most complete, leav- ing the other detachments to be filled for the formation of the next regiment. On the 2d of September, 1861, Colonel Wilson received his commission and the first of the companies went into camp at Lynnfield, others following from day to day till the organization was complete. Company F was mustered on the 10th of August, and the others at various times during September ; the line otliicers followed on the 1st of October, the complete roster being : — Colonel, Henry Wilson of Natick; lieutenant colonel, Charles E. Griswold ; major, William 8. Tilton, both of Boston; surgeon, Edward L. Warren of Weymouth; assistant surgeon, James P. Prince of Lynn; chaplain, John Pierpont of Medford; adjutant, Thomas Sherwin, Jr., of Dedham; quartermaster, James G. Fuller of Charlcstown; sergeant major, Frederick L. P»enson of Newton ; quartermaster sergeant, Daniel F. Brown of Cambridge; commissary sergeant, Ephraim llack- ett of Woburn; hospital steward, George T. Perkins of Boston; leader of band, Salem T. Weld of Westboro. Company A, Washington Light Guard — Captain, Walter S. Samp- sou; first lieutenant, Charles 0. Conant, both of Boston; second lieu- tenant, Henry Clay Conner of Lynn. Company B, Jackson Ilifles — Cajitain, David K. Ward well of Bos- ton; first lieutenant, Frederick K. Field of Northfield; second lieu- tenant, William D. Morris of Boston. TUE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 347 Company C, Gordon Guards of Taunton — Captain, Mason W. Burt; first lieutenant, George A. Wasiiburn; second lieutenant, Enos P.Hale. Company I), Everett Guard of Boston — Captain, John F. Dunning; first lieutenant, "William H. White ; second lieutenant, John H. Symonds. Company E, Brewer Guard of Eoxbury — Captain, William L. Cogs- well; llrst lieutenant, Nelson A. Miles; second lieutenant, Henry L. Orrok. Company F, Union Guards — Cai)tain, Samuel I. Thompson; first lieutenant, John P. Crane, both of Woburn; second lieutenant, Walter S. Davis of Milton. Company G, Wellington Guards — Captain, John B. Whorf; first lieutenant, Edwin F. Richardson, both of Cambridgeport; second lieu- tenant, Gordon McKay of Melrose. Company H, Haverhill — Ca])tain, John J. Thompson; first lieuten- ant, Thomas F. Salter; second lieutenant, Alonzo M. Shute. Company I, Boston — Captain, Charles J. Paine; first lieutenant, George A. Batchelder; second lieutenant, Horace S. Dunn. Company K — Captain, Horace P. Williams of Brookline; first lieu- tenant, Joseph Nason of Boston; second lieutenant, James P. Stearns of Brookline. Es))ccial pride was naturally taken in the equipment and arm- ing of this regiment, which was furnished with the Enlleld rifle, and its progress from Massachusetts to W^ashington, which began on the 8th of October, was a scries of ovations, largely on account of its distinguished commander. Washington was reached on the after- noon of the 11th, and after a day or two passed in the city the regi- ment crossed the Potomac to the vicinity of HalFs Hill, Avhcre it went into camp, being added to Martindale's Brigade of Fitz John Porter's Division, the older regiments of which were the Eighteenth Massachusetts, Second Maine, Thirteenth and Forty-first New York. Colonel W^ilson resigned on the 28tli of October and Captain Jesse A. Gove of the Tenth United States Infantry, a resident of Con- cord, N. H., and a very efficient officer, was made colonel. The winter was given to drill and discipline, in which the regiment won high commendation. Only one change occurred in the make-up of !^^artindale's Brigade during the winter — the Twcnty-llfth New York Regiment taking the place of the Forty-first New York, and it started on its first campaign on the 10th of March, 1862, as the First Brigade of l^or- ter's Division, Third Corps. The brigade advanced as far as Fair- fax Court House, halted there and bivouacked in the open field with- out tents until the 15th, much of the time in a driving rain storm. 348 3fASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. which still continued when the command set out fos Alexandria. A stop of five days was made in that place, when the division em- barked on transports, the Twenty -second on board the Daniel "Webster, which anchored at Fortress Monroe two days later; the regiment disembarked the next day, and passing through Hamp- ton, went into camp on the Newmarket road, where it remained until the 4th of April, The advance of the Army of the Potomac toward Yorktown be- gan that morning, and that night the Twenty-second Regiment halted near Howard's Creek, continuing the march next morning and about noon coming under fire from the Confederate fortifica- tions. During the remainder of the day the command moved to various points in the vicinity of Warwick Road, two companies being on the skirmish line and Colonel Gove with another company making a reconnaissance close up to the Confederate works. Dur- ing these movements the regiment was frequently exposed to severe fire but lost only nine wounded, one fatally. Next day it went into temporary camp where it remained during the heavy storm of three days which followed, afterward arranging more permanent quarters on Wormsley's Creek, the entire camp of the army being known as Camp Winfield Scott. The experience of the Twenty-second dur- ing the four weeks of siege was similar to that of other commands — picket and skirmish duty, the building of roads and fortifications. The regiment Avas on its way to relieve the picket line early on the morning of May 4, when report was received of the evacuation of Yorktown. As soon as the pickets were posted Colonel Gove with two companies and a few officers advanced upon the hostile works to investigate. The rej)ort proved true, and Colonel Gove was the first Union soldier to scale the abandoned works. He at once sent back for his regimental flag, which was ])lanted on the parapet, and the storm flag of the Twenty-second was quickly pro- cured and raised on the rebel flag-staff. As the command advanced toward the town one of the shells whigh had been buried by the Confederates was exploded, wounding seven men, three of them fatally. Colonel Gove pushed his skirmish line through the town, placing his regiment as guards wherever their services were needed. To the Twenty-second, therefore, belongs the credit of raising the first Union flag over the captured works and of occupying and garrisoning the town. The regiment embarked on the steamer Elm THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 349 City for West Point May 8, the men being debarked on the follow- ing day ; their camp equipage was landed two days later and Camp Sassafras, on a sandy plain near by, became the home of the com- mand for a few days. On the 13th it marched to Cumberland, stojjjjcd there for a brief rest and proceeded to White House Land- ing, where it again went into camp on the 17th, There the Fifth Corj)s was organized, of which Martindale's Brigade became First Brigade, First Division, General Porter commanding the cor])s and (Jencral ]\Iorcll the division. The regiment marched to Tunstall Station on the 19th, and thence by easy stages past Cold Harbor to Barker s Mills where it encam])ed on the 22d and on the 26th moved a few miles to Gaines Mills where camp was established, a detail from the Twenty-second putting the grist-mill in operation and turn- ing out a large quantity of corn meal. The regiment shared in the movement to Hanover Court House on the 27tli, and in the action there, during which, although at one time in a critical position, it had but one man killed and seven missing. Returning on the 29th to its camp it remained there until the 20th of June, when the location was changed a mile or so to a position on the Mechanicsville road. Six companies took part in the battle of Mechanicsville on the 2l)th, but were in support of other troops and lost but one man killed and two mortally wounded. During the night these companies were quietly withdrawn and returned to their camp, the four companies which had been on picket rejoined the main body in the morning, when the camp was abandoned and destroyed and the regiment with its division moved out to the battle of Gaines Mills. Morell's Division formed the left of Porter's line of battle, Martindale's Brigade being thQ center of the division, with the Twenty-second Regiment in reserve in a piece of woods, where trees were felled and a strong breastwork constructed. Early in the afternoon the enemy made three attacks which were repulsed, but near G o'clock the firing was renewed with great energy and the Union lines crumbled away. Colonel Gove held his position after the regiments in his front had been driven back, but it was only for a short time, when his regiment was Hanked and began to retreat. The thought of giving way before the enemy was unbear- able to the colonel ; his command had scarcely begun the rearward movement when he halted it, faced about and renewed the light. That brave act was his last ; he was killed almost immediately and 350 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. his soldiers was driven back across the field to a crest in the rear ; there a portion of the regiment was rallied under command of Cap- tain Thompson, a stand was made assisted by Captain Martin's Massachusetts Battery and the advance of the enemy was checked for a time. This gave opportunity to withdraw the battery and the remnant of the regiment and during the night it crossed the Chicka- hominy river and began the movement toward the Jam£S river. But its battalion line had been terribly shortened ; 71 were left dead upon the field, 86 were wounded and 177, including 55 of the wounded, were made prisoners. Among the killed, in addition to Colonel Gove, whose body was never recovered, were Captain Dunning, First Lieutenant Thomas F. Salter, and Second Lieutenant George W. Gordon of Boston. Among the wounded were Major Tilton and Adjutant Sherwin ; Major Tilton and Assistant Surgeon Prince being captured. Lieutenant Colonel Griswold being absent sick, the command devolved upon Captain Sampson, but he also was taken ill soon after the battle and the regiment continued its march under Captain Wardwell. The Twenty-second reached Turkey Bend on the James river about noon of the 30th, and halted there for a time, when they were ordered back to Glendale where a battle was in progress, and sup- ported Martin's Battery, which their presence probably saved from capture. The conflict ended, the regiment marched to Malvern Hill, where it took position, but was not in action until the follow- ing afternoon, July 1. At that time one of the batteries of JNIor- ell's Division being in danger of capture the Twenty-second were ordered forward and assisted in repulsing the Confederates, secur- ing 32 prisoners. The loss of the regiment was nine killed and 41 wounded, while six of the wounded and eight others were made prisoners. Among the wounded captured was Captain Samuel L Thompson, who died in the hands of the enemy on the 4th of August. During the night the army moved to Harrison's Landing where it encamped. AVhile there, some changes in officers took place ; General Martindale had left the brigade on account of sick- ness, and was succeeded by Colonel Barnes of the Eighteenth Mas- sachusetts. On the 3d of July, Captain Sampson resumed command of the Twenty-second but gave place on the 15th to Lieutenant Colonel Griswold, who was promoted colonel dating from the 28th of July, Major Tilton being made lieutenant colonel, and Adjutant THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 351 Sherwin being promoted major. The regimental band, in common with all others, was mustered out of service on the 11th of August, the government having decided to employ less musicians and more surgeons. Camp was broken on the night of August 14, the regi- ment mai-ching Ijy way of Charles City Court House toward New- port News, which was reached on the lUth ; next day it embarlvcd on the steamer North America and landed at Acquia Creek on the 21st, being ttiken at once to Fredericksburg by rail. Bristoe's Sta- tion was reached on the 28tli where Porter's Corps was reunited and on the following day marched toward Gainesville. The Twenty- second Regiment going on picket that night, became separated from its brigade during the following day, accompanying the Second Bri- gade of the same division, and took no part in the battle of Manas- sas, in which the rest of the First Brigade suffered severely. The 1st of September was passed at Centerville, and ])reparations were made to march about the middle of the afternoon in a heavy rain storm, but the command did not leave the town until the next morning. It then moved by way of Fairfax Court House to Hall's Hill, where it reoccupied its old camp, but of the 1,100 men com- posing the regiment and its attached companies who had left the spot six months before, only about 200 returned. The camp was visited by Senator Wilson the following day, and the tender-hearted man was moved to tears at the sight of the few ragged and bronzed men remaining of his once magnificent command. A few recruits were received, however, and some detachments rejoined the regi- ment, so that the line Avas considerably lengthened when marching orders were again received on the evening of September 6. The destination was supposed to be Tennallytown,but the command did not go there ; it marched to the vicinity of Fairfax Seminary where a battle was expected, moved back and forth for the next two or three days, and finally brought up at Fort Corcoran, oi)positc George- town. The command remained there from the 9th till the 12tli, during which time it was rejoined by Lieutenant Colonel Tilton, who had been exchanged and returned to duty. Just as the brigade was starting out on its march toward Antietam, it was strengthened by the addition of a new regiment, the One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania, known as the "Corn Exchange Regiment." The line of march led through Rockville, Monocacy Junction, and Fred- erick to Keedysville, where the Fifth Corps formed the reserve of 352 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the Army of the Potomac during the battle of the Antietam. The Twenty-second had no part in that confiict, but with its brigade crossed the Potomac at Blackford's Ford on the 20th to reconnoiter the Confederate position. The enemy was found in force and the brigade returned in haste, the Twenty-second losing but one man killed and one mortally wounded, though the " Corn Exchange Regiment" suffered severely. After this the brigade remained in camp near the river until the 30th of October, when with the rest of the corps it began the southward march into Virginia. This brought it in due time to the vicinity of Falmouth, where it awaited the closing event of the year — the battle of Fredericksburg. The regiment crossed the river on the 13th of December, and with its division at once went forward for the relief of a division of the Ninth Corps to the left of the town. It was impossible, how- ever, to make any impression upon the Confederate position, and after a fierce conflict at close range, the Twenty -second were re- lieved near night by the Twentieth Maine, and retired to a less ex- posed position. They were not again in action during the battle, and at its close forming the rear guard of the corps crossed the pon- ton bridges as they were al)out to be taken up, and returned to the old camp. The loss at Fredericksburg, was four killed and 4-4 wounded, — seven of the latter fatally. In addition to the loss of officers previously noted, two second lieutenants had died during the year from disease, Horace S. Dunn on the 22d of May, and Daniel J. Haynes on the 20th of October. Colonel Griswold resigned on account of ill-health October 26, 1862, and Lieutenant Colonel Tilton, who commanded the regiment at the battle of Fredericks- burg, was soon after commissioned colonel. Major Sherwin and Ca))tain Mason W. Burt being promoted to lieutenant colonel and major respectively. After a few days in their old camp the Twenty-second moved to the vicinity of Stonemau's Switch, where a new camp of log huts was constructed for winter quarters, being named Camp Gove, in honor of the regiment's dead colonel. There the command re- mained for nearly six months, although several times called from it temporarily on expeditions, and once to join in an important campaign. The first call came the 26th of December, when a march of an afternoon and night took Griffm's Division to Richards Ford on the Rappahannock, where the Twenty-second with other troops TEE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 353 forded the ice-cold waters, captured a few pickets, and after a few days of maneuvering, everything connected with which Avas pecu- liarly disagreeable, returned to cam}). On the 20th of January, 1S63, tlie regiment started out on the " IMud March," was absent for live days, and returned to Camp Gove. The Chancellorsville cam- paign began on the 27th of April, the men carrying eight days' rations ; the Rappahannock was crossed at Kelly's Ford, Griffin's Division in advance, and Barnes's Brigade leading the division. The experiences of this day were peculiarly severe, for after fording the Rappahannock, the division was ordered to press forward with all speed to seize the fords of the Rapidan, which was successfully done, some prisoners being captured. This was perhaps the most inijiortant service rendered by the regiment during the camjjaign, since the Fifth Corps was very slightly engaged, although it did considerable marching and maneuvering, and the only loss of the Twenty-second was one man killed by a. shell while cutting down a tree at night in front of the Union lines. On the morning of May 6, the ponton bridges were recrossed ; the regiment assisted in taking them up, marched by night through a heavy rain to the vicinity of its old camp, was ordered back to assist the ponton train to camp, and finally reoccupied Camp Gove on the 8th. Late in May, the Fifth Corps was moved up the Rappahannock to the vicin- ity of Grove Church, where it was made a corps of observation, to watch the fords in the vicinity. While it was located there, General Barnes was placed in command of the division. Colonel Tilton of the brigade, and Lieutenant Colonel Sherwin of the regiment. The movement northward began on the 13th of June, and five days later the regiment was located at Aldie's Gap. In a day or two it moved through the Gap in support of a cavalry force, and operated in that vicinity for a few days, without being actively en- gaged. On the 25th the column moved by way of Fairfax Station, Edwards Ferry, Frederick, Liberty and Uniontown to Hanover, which was reached on the 1st of July. After a few hours' rest the march was resumed, and early in the forenoon of the 2d the battle- field of Gettysburg was reached. It was not till late in the after- noon of that day, however, that the Fifth Corps was called into action. As the First Brigade, under Colonel Tilton, inished forward to the fierce contest that raged in front of the Round Tops, it took position in support and to the left of DeTrobriand's Brigade of the 354 MASSACnUSETTS IN THE WAB. Third Corps. The Twenty-second Regiment carried but 67 muskets into action, yet the handful of men fought with an energy and cool- ness worthy of all praise. They were not able to retain the posi- tion, however, the flanks of the brigade being turned, and it became necessary to change front to meet the new danger. This move- ment, always difficult in action, was rendered especially so on this occasion by the coming upon the scene of another division, already in disorder. The regiment maintained its organization, however, and w^hen obliged to fall back still further toward the Round Top slope, did so in good order, bringing off all its wounded and even their weapons. It was not closely engaged the following day, being moved to a position between the two Round Tops, facing the Devil's Den, where it remained during the day, exposed to the enemy's sharp-shooters and skirmish firing. The command had suffered severely, for of the 67 men and a few officers taken into action, 15 had been killed and 25 wounded ; among the latter Second Lieuten- ant Charles K. Knowles of Haverhill, who died on the 11th. After the battle the regiment took part in all of the various marchings and countermarchings of the Army of the Potomac which followed during the summer and autumn months, being at one time encamped for several weeks near Beverly Ford on the Rap- pahannock. While there it received a reinforcement of some 200 recruits and conscripts which with those returned from hospitals and detached service gave it again respectable numbers. It was in action at Rappahannock Station on the 7th of November, where its loss was seven wounded ; afterward it encamped in the vicinity of Kelly's Ford until the Mine Run campaign. It shared in that very disagreeable experience, but Avas not engaged, and at its close re- turned to Beverly Ford and w^ent into winter quarters. The winter camp was located about half a mile from Rappahan- nock Station, and was called Camp Barnes, in honor of the brave division commander who had been wounded at Gettysburg. Colonel Tilton remained in command of the brigade through the winter, General J. J. Bartlett having command of the division, with which he protected the railroad from Licking Run Station to the Rappa- hannock. The First Brigade liad a picket line three and a lialf miles in length, which in addition to the fatigue duty naturally re- quired gave plenty of employment, especially in disagreeable weather. Like so many other organizations, the Twenty-second Regiment THE TWENTY-SECOND liEGIMENT. 355 made a notable improvement of its winter leisure. A chapel -was built for rclig'ious services, Chaplain Charles j\I. Tyler of Katick, who joined the regiment on the 11th of December, 18GS, succeed- ing Chaplains John Pierpont and Joseph C. Cromack who had suc- cessively resigned. This structure was also in use every evening, either for prayer-meetings, lyceums, lectures, debates or a meeting of the Masonic lodge which had been organized in the army. The total rc-eulistments in the regiment during the winter numbered 83 — not enough to constitute the Twenty-second a veteran regiment, but the re-enlisted members received the usual furlough of 30 days. As the spring campaign approached, the Army of the Potomac was reorganized, causing many changes in the make up of the Fifth Corps. The old First Brigade, First Division, was broken up, its place being taken by a brigade of United States Regulars, and the Twenty-second Regiment was assigned to the Second Brigade, same division, where it was associated with the Ninth and Thirty-second Massachusetts, Sixty-second Pennsylvania and Fourth Michigan Regiments. Colonel Jacob B. Sweitzer commanded the brigade, and General (h-ifiin resumed command of the division. General AVarren being the corjis commander. Colonel Tilton was conse- (juently returned to lead his regiment. Marching orders came on the 30th of April, 1864, the Rappahan- nock was crossed next day, and the Rapidan at German ia Ford early on the morning of the 4th of May. ' The Twenty-second as it moved toward the field of battle numbered 280 muskets and a pro- portionate number of officers, — altogether less than 300 men. Reaching the vicinity of Wilderness Tavern early on the morning of the 5th, the regiment with its brigade took position in line of battle and intrenched ; but much to the disgust of the tired soldiers the works were scarcely completed Avlien other troops marched in to occupy them, and Sweitzer's Brigade was advanced through the tangled forest in search of the enemy. The foe was found, the regiment took position in the edge of the woods facing a small open- ing and a conflict ensued. The fighting was indecisive during the day and was renewed in the morning, the Twenty-second having during the night taken a new position and intrenched so that the assaults of the Confederates were easily repulsed at that part of the line. The total loss of the regiment in the battle of the Wilderness was 36, 15 of whom were killed or mortally wounded. 356 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAIi. Late ill the evening of the 7th the command began its march toward Spottsylvania and during the following day took part in the battle of Laurel Hill, where it distinguished itself by again sup- porting Martin's Battery, when that organization was in danger of capture, losing 10 killed and wounded. As the line of battle devel- oped the Twenty-second took position near Po Run and intrenched. During this time there was severe sharp-shooting and it was by this means that the regiment lost on the Otli one of its bravest officers, Captain Benjamin Davis of Charlestown, who was mortally wounded while viewing the Confederate position. At night of the 9th the Confederates captured some of the outer rifle pits nearly in front of the Twenty -second, and next day that organization with the Fourth Michigan was ordered to attempt their recapture. This was done by the regiment deployed as skirmishers under command of Major Burt, but at a heavy loss of life, since the works when gained afforded little protection, the captors being obliged to lie close upon the ground under fire all day, being relieved after dark when the survivors returned to their position of the morning, the regiment having lost during the day 74, 17 of whom were killed. For the ten days which followed while the armies confronted each other before Spottsylvania, what were loft of the Twenty-second, now less than one-half the number that had started on the campaign, were constantly active, skirmishing, maneuvering, or on duty in the works. When on its southward movement the Union army reached the North Anna on the 23d, the regiment at the head of its brigade was first to cross at Jericho Ford. It was at once deployed as skir- mishers and led the movement against the enemy until a strong fire was encountered and a desperate action ensued, in which the Union lines were considerably shattered. The regiment had four killed and seven wounded. No general action resulted at this place; the troops across the river were withdrawn after a few days of skirmish- ing and the movement southward was continued, crossing the Pamun- kcy on the 27th and tlie Totopotomy on the 29th, Griffin's Division taking })Ositi()n on the Mcchanicsville Road in line of battle. An advance Avas ordered next morning, the Twenty-second again on the skirmish line v. hich was commanded by Colonel Tilton, and an ob- stinate engagement ensued in which the enemy were pushed steadily back for nearly three miles, but botli sides retired from the field during the niirht. The regiment took into this action 106 muskets THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 357 and a few officers ; its loss was three killed and 12 wounded ; it won liig-li praise, as it had so often done for efficiency in like positions. Swcitzer's Brigade rested during the 1st of June in the vicinity of Bethesda Church, and that night and the following day moved hither and thither without being seriously engaged. The morning of the 3d found the division massed near the Church in preparation for the general attack upon the Confederate lines which had been ordered. Sweitzer's Brigade was deployed to the right to connect with the Ninth Corps and at once advanced, with the Twenty-second as usual on the skirmish line ; a magnificent charge was made across an open field and the enemy was forced back to his second line of works, but when this was done the power of the Union soldiers was exhausted. In the margin of the wood, a hundred yards from the Confederate works, the line of blue clung to what had been gained, lying under heavy fire all day and being relieved after dark. The Twenty-second came out of this trial Avith less than a hundred mem- bers, having lost 11 killed and 11 wounded, among the slain l)eing Captain Joseph H. Baxter of Milton. The following day Lieuten- ant Colonel Sherwin, who had been disabled by an accident just be- fore the opening of the campaign, rejoined the regiment. The oth l)roved another day of severe trial, the command being sent out in the afternoon on the Shady Grove Church road as skirmishers and having a sharp fight until night, losing two killed and five wounded. This encounter ended the active work of the regiment in connec- tion with Cold Harbor ; before light on the morning of the 7th it marched in the rear of the Union line to the vicinity of Gaines Mills, near Sumner's Lower Bridge on the Chickahominy, where strong fortifications were built near the scene of the regiment's ter- rible experience of two years ])revious. This position was occupied till the night of the 12th, when orders were received for a further movement by the left flank. This time it was across the James river and to the vicinity of Petersburg, where the Twenty-second arrived early on the 17th ; it was not till the morning of the 18th, however, that the regiment was engaged. At that time, again on the skirmish line, it led the desperate charge of its division against the Confederate works. The ordeal was an especially trying one. Not only was the ground broken and difficult, but in every portion it was swept by a terrible fire. After several attempts the regiment finally reached the railroad, the enemy being pressed back to their 358 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. main defenses and the Union soldiers holding what they had gained. Another attempt was made late in the afternoon to break the hostile lines, but it was in vain — only more dead and wounded were left on the field. Most of the division moved back at dark, but the Twenty- second remained all night on the picket line and dug rifle pits. Near morning the regiment was relieved, having lost of the few taken into action seven killed and 14 wounded. Colonel Tilton took command of the brigade next day, and on the 20th the Twenty-second with other troops were ordered to the rear, but not to rest. On the day following a movement was made toward the left, reaching the Jerusalem Plank road and intending to strike the "VVeldon railroad, but the latter portion of the pro- gramme failed. The Confederates delivered a severe counter at- tack at night of the 22d, and the regiment, called on to assist its endangered comrades, was engaged more or less through the night, losing three wounded. During the next few days it had a peculiarly trying experience, being marched back and forth to different points, the ground being intolerably dry and dusty. About the close of the month, however, it was assigned to duty in the trenches and on the picket line, and this continued with little interruption for six weeks. The regiment was selected on the 8th of August for guard duty at City Point, and remained thus employed until the expiration of its term of service. On the 23d of September, news was received of the death from wounds of Captain Robert T. Bourne of Boston, as inspector general on the brigade staff at the front, — the last loss of the regiment in battle. Orders were received on the 3d of October to prepare for the return to Massachusetts for muster out, the mem- bers of the regiment on detached service were called in, the 181 re- enlisted men and recruits transferred to the Thirty-second Massa- chusetts Regiment, and with a total of about 125 enlisted men the command embarked on the transport Kennebec for Washington. Landing there on the following day, cars were taken for Boston, and soon after midnight on the morning of the 10th the regiment marched through the familiar streets. During the day it received a warm reception, after which the members were furloughed for a Aveek, reassembling on the 17th for muster out. No regiment had a prouder record ; and it is claimed that its percentage of killed in action was the largest of any regiment from the state. THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. THE Twenty-third Regiment was organized at Lynnfield, the first muster of the enlisted men taking place on the 28th of September, 1861, and detachments being added from time to time during the following month. The line officers were commis- sioned from the 8tli of October, and the organization of the lield and staff was completed on the 24th, with this roster : — . Colonel, John Kurtz of Boston ; lieutenant colonel, Henry Merritt of Salem ; major, Andrew Elwell of Gloucester; surgeon, George Derby of Boston ; assistant surgeon, Silas E. Stone of Walpole; chap- lain, Jonas Bowen Clark of Swampscott ; adjutant, John G. Cham- bers of Medford ; quartermaster, Joseph A. Goldthwait ; sergeant major, Daniel H. Johnson, Jr.; quartermaster sergeant, Stephen P. Driver; commissary sergeant, Joshua C. Goodale, all of Salem; hos- pital steward, J. M. Tourtelotte of Worcester; leader of band, Henry C. Brown of Boston. Company A — Cai)tain, Ethan A. P. Brewster ; first lieutenant, Charles S. Emmerton; second lieutenant, George A. Fisher, all of Salem. Company B — Captain, Knott V. Martin; first lieutenant, Thomas Russell; second lieutenant, John Goodwin, Jr., all of Marblehead. Company C, Gloucester — Captain, Addison Center; first lieutenant, Edward A. Story; second lieutenant, Fitz J. Babson. Company D, ^'ew Bedford — Captain, Cornelius Ilowland, Jr.; first lieutenants, Samuel C. Hart; second lieutenant, Anthony Lang. Company E, Davis Guards— Captain, William B. Alexander; first lieutenant, Otis Rogers, both of Plymouth; second lieutenant, Thomas B. Atwood of Abington. Company F, Salem — Captain, George M. Whipple; first lieutenant, Charles II. Bates; second lieutenant, George R. Emmerton. Company G, Beverly — Captain, John W. J^aymond; first lieutenant, Henry P. Woodbury; second lieutenant, Daniel W. Hammond. Company H — Captain, Wesley C. Sawyer of Harvard; first lieutenant, William L. Kent; second lieutenant, Peter II. Niles, both of Boston. Company I — Captain, John Hobbs of Ipswich; first lieutenant, William I. Creasey of Newburyport; second lieutenant, David P. Muzzey of Cambridge. 3G0 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company K — Captain, Carlos A. Hart; first lieutenant, John Little- field, both of Foxboro; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Barnard of South Reading. The regiment, with others being recruited in the state at that time, was intended for the " Burnsidfe Expedition," then being organized, and on the lltli of November left its camp at Lynnfield for the rendezvous at Annapolis, going by rail via Boston to Fall River, where it embarked on the steamers State of Maine and Metropolis for New York. Then cars were again taken, and the journey was continued by Philadelphia to Perryville, where there was a wait for transportation. That was finally supplied in the form of small steamers by which the right wing of the regiment was taken to Annapolis, being quartered at first in the Naval Academy and then in St. John's College. The left wing followed in a day or two, and the command being reunited on the 16th went into Camp John A. Andrew on the outskirts of the city. It was mustered into the United States service on the 5th of December and was made a part of the First Brigade under (Jeneral John O. Foster, its fellow-regiments being the Twenty-fourth, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-seventh Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut. The regiment left its camp on the morning of the 6th of Janu- ary, 1862, embarking during the day on the schooner Highlander and the steamer Hussar, one man being accidentally killed while waiting for embarkation. The command remained crowded on the transports till the 9th, when sail was made for Fortress Monroe under convoy of gun-boats, and after a short stop in Hampton Roads the fleet proceeded toward its destination on the North Caro- lina coast. Adverse winds and storms delayed the passage. The Highlander was forced to cut loose from the Hussar on the 12th, and it was not till the loth that the two wings were reunited within Hatteras Inlet, and not till the 22d that the "• Swash " was crossed into Pamlico Sound. Two weeks passed l)efore the preparations were completed for the movement against Roanoke Island, but on the 5th of February the transports and gun-boats destined for the enterprise set sail, and on the afternoon of the 7th the troops landed without opposition, the Twenty-third — with the exception of Com- pany E, detailed to assist in working the gun-boat Hussar — being among the first on shore. That night the regiment bivouacked in the mud near the shore, TUE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 361 a storm prevailing, and next morning began the advance. Coming undiM- fire, it at first assisted in the support of the few pieces of Union artillery engaged, suffering most of its loss while in that ])Osition. Later it was moved by the right flank into a dense swamp and made its way with great difficulty, practically every man for him- self, through a tangle which the Confederates had considered utterly impenetrable, till at length detached squads made their appearance on the left flank of the rebel position and opened fire, completing the demoralization of the enemy, who began to retreat. The Twentj^-third took part in the pursuit, and when it was over, the Confederates htiving been cut off and surrendering, bivouacked in the captured barracks, which were rechristened Camp Foster, in honor of the brigadier whose command had done so much for tlie success of the day. The loss of the Twenty-third had been Lieu- tenant Goodwin killed and two members of his company mortally wounded, with eight others less severely hurt. "After four weeks of comparative inactivity the orders for em- barkation came and the regiment went aboard the Highlander and the Gideon, though it was not till the lltli of March that the fleet set sail for the Neuse river. The men landed at Slocum's Creek, 15 miles from Newbcrn, on the 13th, the Twenty-third get- ting ashore about noon and at once marching inland. This proved very trying, as a heavy rain set in and the roads were very bad ; but by dint of great exertion the regiment bivouacked within about a mile and a half of the enemy's works. The storm continued dur- ing the night and next morning was still raging when the advance began. The enemy's fire was soon encountered, when line of battle was formed, the Twenty-third taking a position to the left of the Twenty-seventh in the woods which they held with slight changes to avoid an enfilading fire till a charge was ordered, in which they took part. The Confederates being speedily routed, the regiment was soon after taken across the Trent river and encamped on the Fair Grounds, formerly occupied by a North Carolina regiment. During the battle a 12-pounder howitzer commanded by Captain Dayton of the Highlander was ably manned by volunteers from the Twenty-third, who had dragged it through the mud from the land- ing to the scene of the battle. The regiment lost seven killed in the action, including Lieutenant Colonel Merritt who was struck by a cannon shot, and 47 wounded, five fatally. Captain Sawyer lost a leg. 362 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. General Biirnside's cummtmd was on the 5tli of April reorgan- ized as an Army Corps (afterward known as the Ninth) of three divisions, the Twenty-third Regiment forming part of the First Bri- gade, First Division. The Brigade was commanded by Colonel T. J. C. Amory of the Seventeenth Massachusetts, and was composed in addition to his own regiment and the Twenty-third of the Twenty- fifth Massachusetts and Sixth New Hampshire ; General Foster commanded the division. The health of the regiment having suf- fered severely, it was ordered to encamp at Batchelder's Creek, eight miles from Xewbei-n, which it did on the 11th of April, forming an outpost. The Confederate cavalry lurked in the neighborhood, and there was scarcely a day without more or less skirmishing on the picket line, while the main part of the regiment was engaged in rebuilding the railroad bridge at the Creek ; a picket post of Company E being surprised by a large force of hostile cavalry on the 29th, one was killed and his three comrades were captured, the enemy disappearing before the reserves could reach the scene. On the 4th of May the regiment was advanced some four miles to Red House, where it remained till the 7th, when it marched by wings to Newbern to relieve the Twenty-fifth as provost guard. This position it maintained during the summer, and till early in November of that year, details from its members taking part in various minor expeditions during tlie time. Many changes occurred in the roster of officers during this period. Following the death of Lieutenant Colonel Mcrritt, Major Elwell was promoted to the vacancy and Adjutant Chambers became major. Besides the commissioned officers lost in battle, two died of disease during 1862 — Captain Thomas Russell December .8 and Second Lieutenant Westover Greenleaf of Gloucester August 11. Five comi)anies of the regiment took part in the raid by way of Williams- ton and Hamilton to near Tarboro, from October 30 to November 11, gathering in about 50 prisoners and a (piantity of horses, mules and other supplies, but meeting no serious opposition. Colonel Kurtz commanded the garrison of Newbern during the absence of the expedition, and on its return much excitement was found over, the report that the Confederates were approaching the city in force. A column of which the other five comi)anics of the Twenty-third formed part was moved out to Batchelder's Creek next morning, Major Chambers in command, but no foe being discovered it returned THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 363 to Newbcrn the same day. On the 22d the regiment was relieved as provost guard by the Seventeenth and next day Colonel Kurtz resigned, leaving the regiment under command of Major Chambers, Lieutenant Colonel Elwell being temporarily disabled by an accident. These two officers were each promoted one grade in due time, Cap- tain Brewster being made major. Camp Pendleton was established some two miles south of Newbern and three companies were sent out for picket duty at different points, though rejoining the regi- ment in time for the Goldsboro expedition which began on the 10th of December. On that movement the Twenty-third first met the enemy at Southwest Creek on the 13th and were slightly engaged, though without other loss than one or two wounded. After the fighting had ended the regiment was sent on to within three miles of Kins- ton, being attached to General Wessells's Brigade. It bivouacked without fires near the enemy's lines, and next morning the battle of Kinston began. The part taken by the Twenty-third was prin- cipally that of supporting the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania at the left of the Union line and receiving the surrender of 63 members of the Twenty-third South Carolina, the loss being but two wounded, one fatally. That night the regiment crossed the Neuse river to Kinston, but returned to the right bank next morning and led the coluimi in its advance toward Goldsboro. It was at the rear of its brigade next day, when the sharp action at Whitehall occurred, l)ut as it came upon the ground was directed to support the skirmish line which was firing across the river — a narrow but deep st^-eam. Coming into line at the edge of an open field the regiment marched across it with the precision of 'a review movement, to the fringe of forest on the edge of the stream, opened fire and maintained it. for an hour till the cartridge-boxes were empty ; then marched com- posedly back, leaving on the field or in the surgeons' hands 10 killed and 52 Avounded, six of the latter mortally. The march Avas continued after the battle, and next day the vicin- ity of Goldsboro was reached, where some sharp fighting took place and the railroad bridge was burned — the main object of the expedi- tion ; which having been accomplished the column retraced its steps toward Newbern. That place was reached on the 21st, after an absence of 12 days, many of the men l)eing barefoot on account of scarcity of shoes. No further movement occurred till the 13th of 364 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. January, 1863, when the regiment was ordered to Carolina City by- rail and encamped on Bogue Sound, the location being named Camp Heckman in honor of the brigade commander, Brigadier General C. A. Heckman. This brigade consisted in addition of the Xinth New Jersey, Eighty-first and Ninety-eighth New York, and was des- tined for the South Carolina coast. The camp was quitted on the afternoon of the 10th, and passing one night in unoccupied houses at ]\[orehead City the regiment em- barked on the transport James Morton, a heavy -draught sailing vessel. The bar was finally crossed on the 31st, and an eventless sail brought the command to Port Royal, whence on the 10th of February the ship was towed across to St. Helena Island and the regiment debarked the next day, establishing Camp Russell, named in honor of Captain Russell who had recently died. General Heck- man being temporarily placed in command of a division, the brigade was for a time commanded by Colonel De Forrest and afterward by General T. G. Stevenson. "While quartered at Camp Russell the regiment suffered somewhat from insubordination, but by prompt measures the usual good discipline was re-established. On the 3d and 4th of April the brigade re-embarked under com- mand of General Heckman, two companies of the Twenty-third on the Morton and the remainder on the steamer United States, and on the 5th set sail again for North Carolina, going at that time no farther than the mouth of the Edisto river, where the fleet lay till the 11th, when it was ordered back to Hilton Head. Most of the men ^debarked and encamped on shore, but were soon embarked again, and on the 14th set sail for Morehead City. The voyage was rough and its termination especially so, but at midnight of the 17th the brigade was ashore, the detachment on the Morton having been blown out to sea and being the last to land. The main part of the Twenty-third had already gone by rail to Newborn, and after resting there one night set off with the brigade for the relief of Little Washington. Finding the siege raised, the column returned by the steamer Phoenix to Newborn on the 21st, where the two missing companies were found, and on the 2oth the regiment went •by rail to Carolina City and reoccupied Camp Heckman, renaming it Camp Dale in honor of the surgeon general of Massachusetts. This camp was occupied till the early days of July, various de- tails, mostly of companies, being made from the regiment for picket THE TWENTY-TIIIED REGIMENT. 365 and garrison duty diiriiig the time. With the exception of Com- pany D, wliich was garrisoning Fort Spinola near Newbern, the regiment gathered at that city July 2, and on the 4th joiiied the expedition under General Hcckman to Trenton, which place was reached on the 5th. There the infantry halted while the cavalry felt the country in advance, and on the 7th the Twenty-third were ordered with two pieces of artillery to Wilcox Bridge, three miles in advance. On reaching the place a party of Confederate cavalry was encountered and a lively skirmish ensued, during which Lieu- tenant Colonel Chambers and one enlisted man of the Twenty-third were wounded. The enemy was soon driven out of sight, and the Union cavalry presently appearing the expedition returned to New- bern, where the regiment remained during the summer and autumn, with no movement of importance, though detached parties were frequently sent forth to scour the outlying country. The regiment left Newbern October 16, going by rail to Morehead City where it embarked on the steamer Maple Leaf and next day sailed for Fortress Monroe, landing there on the 19th and establish- ing Camp Derby — named in honor of the regimental surgeon — near Newport News. There the early winter passed. Re-enlistments began late in November ; over 200 members of the regiment re- enlisted and about the middle of January, 1864, left for Massachu- setts on a month's furlough under command of Captain Raymond. About this time General Heckman was ordered to Getty's Line near Portsmouth, Va., and the Twenty-third were soon ordered to report to him there. Embarking on the steamer Escort late in the evening of the 22d, the regiment landed at Portsmouth next day and occu- pied a camp just vacated and burned by the Sixteenth Connecticut, located about three miles from the town, which when reconstructed was aj)|)ropriately designated Camp Phcjenix. The infantry force at that point was known as the Third Brigade and consisted in addition to the Twenty-third of the Tenth and Thirteenth New Hampshire, Foui'th Rhode Island and Ninth New Jersey, and was commanded by Colonel Steere of the Rhode Island regiment. In the early part of March, after the re-enlisted men had returned from their fur- lough, there was a week of frequent alarms and some skirmishing occurred about the outposts, but nothing of importance transpired till the 13th of April. On that day Colonel Elwell, complying with a special order, took 366 MASSACUUSETTS IN TUE WAR. his rccriment by rail to Portsmouth, eml)arked on the steamer John W. 1). Pentz and convoyed by a gun-boat sailed up the James river, landing next morning nine miles above Smithfield and marching toward the town. Three miles out the enemy was encountered but speedily gave way, and two miles further on was found in a stronger position, but again driven back. Half a mile beyond a hostile force in rear of a mill-pond disputed the further advance of the column, but Captain Raynjond with a platoon of Company G charged across the narrow roadway and drove out the foe, capturing a few prison- ers. Colonel Elwell decided to press the expedition no further and withdrew the column, making his way back to the river at Fort Boykin, closely followed by the Confederate cavalry. By the aid of a gun-boat, the regiment was taken to its steamer and next morn- ing returned to Portsmouth, having lost five wounded, two mortally, one of whom was captured and died at Libby Prison. About this time the Army of the James, under command of Gen- eral B. F. Butler, was organized, being composed of the Tenth and Eighteenth Army Corps. General Heckman's command was known as the First Brigade, Second Division, Eighteenth Corps, and was also designated as the Red Star Brigade. It consisted of the Twenty- third, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-seventh Massachusetts and Ninth New Jersey Regiments. On the 26th of April the Twenty-third cm- barked on transports at Portsmouth and were taken to Yorktown, where General Butler was organizing his forces, and on the 4th of May went by water to Fortress Monroe. The fleet having gathered there, set sail the following morning and ascended the James river to a point two miles above City Point, where debarkation was rapidly made. Companies B and H of the Twenty-third were among the first on shore, deploying as skirmishers and advancing some two miles inland to guard against surprise from the enemy. The land- ing having been completed, the column moved forward the next morning some five miles, where the famous line of intrenchments in front of Bermuda Hundred was begun. That afternoon and again the following day the regiment went forward, feeling the posi- tion of the enemy, but taking no active part and meeting no loss. These were the engagements known as Port Walthal Junction or Mary Dunn's Farm, but on the 9th of May at the battle of Arrow- field Church or Swift Creek the Twenty-third were called into more active service. Setting out in the morning, a considerable force THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 367 under (General W. F. Smith, of which the Red Star Brigade formed part, followed the Richmond road toward Petersburg till the enemy was encountered in considerable force near Arrowfield Church. General Ileckman was ordered to dislodge him, and formed his bri- gade in two lines, the Twenty-third supporting the Twenty-fifth on the left side of the road. As the brigade advanced it met a sharp fire, and ])resently the Confederates charged the front line. They were met by a well-delivered volley Avhich staggered them, and a bayonet charge by the second line sent them back to their works, in front of which the men of Massachusetts paused as night was at hand. The position was held till 10 o'clock next day, when the Fortieth Massachusetts relieved the Twenty -third, which were ordered to the rear and back to the intrenchments, to guard against a rumored attack. The loss of the regiment liad been five wounded. The ill-fated movement toward Richmond Avhicli ended in the disaster of Drcwry's Bluff began on the 12th, the Army of the James working its way forward almost by inches till it occupied the outer line of Confederate defenses in front of Drewry's Bluff. Heckman's Brigade occupied the extreme Union right, in single line, with still an unoccupied space of more than a mile between its unprotected right flank and the river. The Ninth New Jersey were on the extreme flank ; with the Twenty-third, the Twenty- seventh and Twenty-fifth continuing the line to the left. In this position, on the morning of the IGth, in a very dense fog, the Con- federates in heavy force assaulted the weak line. Their front at- tacks were repeatedly repulsed, till a brigade of Alabamians passed around the flank and came up in the rear of Heckman's command. Further resistance in that position was then out of the question, and the fragments of the regiment which could be extricated were taken to the rear and a new line formed under the direction of Gen- eral Smith, the corps commander. Finally the success of the enemy was stayed, but the decimation of the Star Brigade had been terri- ble. Out of about 220 taken into action, the Twenty-third had 13 killed, 20 were reported wounded, ten of them fatally, and 51 others were captured, 37 of Avhom died in prison. Among the mortally wounded were Lieutenant Colonel Chambers, who commanded the regiment on that day, and First Lieutenant Richard P. Wheeler of Salem, who was serving on General Heckman's staff'. General Heckman himself was among the captured. 368 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. The battle of Drewry's Bluff ended the advance of the Army of the James toward Richmond, and it at once retired to the strong line of defenses at Bermuda Hundred. Some ten days were passed there in strengthening the fortifications and on picket duty, when the Twenty-third with its brigade, to which the Fifty-fifth Pennsyl- vania was attached, formed part of the provisional corps detached for the reinforcement of the Army of the Potomac. It marched to City Point on the 28th, embarked on transports the following morning and sailed to White House on the Pamunkey. Eight com- panies landed there on the 31st and at once took up the march as directed, reaching New Castle Ferry the following forenoon only to find that by a blunder they had been sent there when they should have gone to New Cold Harbor. The error could only be rectified by another march through the broiling sun, and it was late in the afternoon when the corps, in conjunction with the Sixth, found itself in line of battle confronting the enemy at Cold Harbor. At first the Twenty-third supported the Fifty-fifth in a charge, then occupied rifle-pits further to the right for 24 hours, and during the night of the 2d of June were deployed along a road guarding communica- tion with the Fifth Corps. Early the following morning the regiment returned to its former position and at once moved to the left and joined in the general as- sault on the Confederate lines. The brigade was massed by divis- ions, the Twenty-third being the third regiment in the column, and imder the efficient command of General George J. Stannard ad- vanced heroically until close to the enemy's line ; but it was impos- sible to reach their works, and the shattered command finally de- sisted, the Twenty-third having lost five killed, 40 wounded — four mortally, and two captured. Among the wounded were Major Brewster and Adjutant Sherman. General Stannard was also struck, and every member of his staff was killed or wounded. Six companies only of the regiment had part in the charge, but the others soon joined the command and served with it till evening of the 12th, when the trenches Avcre quitted and the corps marched toward the transports at Wliite House. For a few days after landing at Point of Hocks the regiment was attached to a provisional brigade under Colonel Barton, taking part on the 18th in a movement to cut communication between Richmond and Pctersbunr, but without casualtv, and on the 20th Avas ordered THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 369 back to the Star Brigade, which next day crossed the Appomattox and took position in the trenches before Petersburg. There the regiment remained till the 25th of August, dividing its time between the front line and those further to the rear, all of which were un- comfortable and dangerous enough, having during the time six men killed and ten wounded by sharp-shooters, and two captured. It then recrossed the Appomattox to the Bermuda Hundred lines, where it remained for more than a week, being on the 4th of vSeptem- ber ordered to the landing en route for Newbern, where it arrived on the 10th and relieved troops of the Ninth Vermont Regiment. Four companies were stationed at Evans Mills, two at Croatan Sta- tion and two at Fort Spinolaon the Neuse river, while the remainder encamped near by, the location being designated as Camp Cham- bers, in honor of the late lieutenant colonel. On the journey to Newbern ten men were left behind at Norfolk, who in attempting to follow next day by the Chesapeake and Albemarle canal were fired upon by bushwackers, one being killed and another severely wounded, while the remainder were made prisoners. In addition to this loss, one man was drowned from the steamer transporting the regiment. Numerous changes occurred in the list of officers daring the period now under consideratipn. Chaplain Clark, who had resigned some time before, was succeeded during May by Lewis L. Record of Gloucester. Captain Raymond, who had been in command of the regiment most of the time since Cold Harbor, was promoted late in August to the lieutenant colonelcy. Colonel ElwcU was discharged for disability on the 20th of September. Two days later, the original term of enlistment of the regiment being about to expire, those who had not re-enlisted were ordered to Massachusetts, where they were nmstered out October 13. It was at first intended to consolidate the recruits and re-enlisted men into a battalion of three companies, and orders to that effect were issued by General Ilarland, command- ing the brigade, but this was afterward countermanded and the organization of ten companies continued, retaining the regimental name. Lieutenant Colonel Raymond commanded, his staff com- prising Surgeon Samuel C. Whittier of Boston, Quartermaster Henry B. Peirce of Abington, and the chaplain ; the line ofiicers consisted of two captains and four first lieutenants. The autumn and winter passed (piictly, the Twenty-third not being called into active service ; but it met a more dreaded foe in the 370 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. yellow fever -which prevailed at Newbern during the fall. At least 14 members of the regiment, and perhaps more, died from the dis- ease. The approach of Sherman's army through the Carolinas, and the opening of lines of communication from Morehead City via Newbern and Kinston to Goldsboro, called the troops in that vicin- ity into the held early in March, 1865, for the final operations of the war. On the 7th, Palmer's division marched toward Kinston, and that evening found the Twenty-third in position at the extreme right of the Union line of battle, the enemy in strong force having been encountered three miles from Kinston. The regiment was separated from the rest of the line by a swamp, and when the left was broken and forced back by the fierce Confederate attack on the 8th, Colonel Raymond failed for some time to receive the order to retire and maintained his position, being reinforced by a battalion of the Second Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, though his command was greatly outnumbered. After the line had been re established the regiment moved to the left and then back to its former position, rendering valuable assistance in repulsing the repeated attacks by the enemy, and after the latter were finally defeated marched into Kinston where it was detailed to guard the railroad bridge over the Neuse. Its loss in the battle was thr^e killed and ten wounded of the regiment proper, and about an equal number from detachments serving with it. It remained on duty at Kinston till the 2d of May, when it was ordered to Newbern to take charge of Camp Distribution, relieving a small force of the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, and a few days later, the camp being practically broken uj), was transferred to New- bern as provost guard. Colonel Raymond being provost marshal. This line of duty continued till the 15th of June, when the final muster rolls were made, and on the 25th the regiment was mustered out of the United States service by Captain J. D. Parker. It went the same day l)y rail to Morehead City and took the steamer General Meigs to New York, thence by steamer to New Haven and by rail to Boston, where it arrived June 29. It went into camp at Rcadville till the 12th of July, when the members were paid and discharged. THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. THE Tweiitv-fourtli Rogiinent was known as the New England Guards llegiment, from tlie fact of its having hccn consider- ably an outgrowth of the Fourth or New England Guards Battalion of the state militia, wliich furnished most of the officers of the regiment, its Major Stevenson naturally being made the com- manding officer of the new organization. The rendezvous was at Camp ]\Iassasoit, Readville, where the recruits were mustered from time to time, beginning early in September, 1861. The line officers were commissioned September 2, the field and staff two or three days sooner. The officers were from Boston except when otherwise designated in the following roster: — Colone], Thomas G. Stevenson ; lieutenant colonel, Francis A. Osborn ; major, Robert H. Stevenson; surgeon, Samuel A. Green; assistant surgeon, Hall Curtis; chaplain, W. R. G. Mellon of Glouces- ter; adjutant, John F. Anderson; quartermaster. William Vincent Hutchings of Gloucester; sergeant major, Frank W. Loring; quarter- master sergeant, James Thompson; commissary sergeant, Parmenas E. Wheeler; hospital steward, John H. McGregor; leader of band, Patrick S. Gilmore. Company A — Captain, William F. Redding of East Boston; first lieutenant, James H. Turner of Medford; second lieutenant, Horatio D. Jarvcs. Company B — Captain, George F. Austin; first lieutenant, George W. Gardner, both of Salem; second lieutenant, Deniing Jarves, Jr. Company C — Captain, William Pratt ; first lieutenant, James B. Bell of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Nathaniel S. BarstoAv. Company D — Captain, John T. Prince, Jr.; first lieutenant, John N. Partridge; second lieutenant, Thomas M. Sweet. Company E — Captain, Charles II. Hooper; first lieutenant, Charles A, Folsom; second lieutenant, Daniel T. Sargent. Company F — Captain. Robert F. Clark; first lieutenant, Charles B. Aniory of Jamaica Plain; second lieutenant, John C. Jones, Jr., of Jamaica Plain. 372 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company G — Captain, Edward C. Richardson ; first lieutenant Albert Ordway of Dorchester; second lieutenant, James M, Barnard. Company H — Captain, John Daland ; first lieutenant, James B. Xichols, both of Salem; second lieutenant, Charles G. Ward of Grafton. Company I — Captain, J. Lewis Stackpole of Cambridge: first lieu- tenant, James A, Perkins; second lieutenant, William L. Horton. Company K — Captain, J. Crosby Maker; first lieutenant, Mason A. Rea; second lieutenant, Thomas F. Edmands. The regiment remained in camp till the 9th of December, when it set forth under directions to report to General Burnside at An- napolis. On reaching that city it was attached to the First Brigade, commanded by General J. G. Foster, for whom its camp was named. The other regiments of the brigade were the Twenty -third. Twenty- fifth and Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut. It remained at Camp Foster till the 6th of January, 1862, w^hen it went on board transports and on the 9th sailed with the rest of the expedition under General Burnside. The Twenty-fourth ex- perienced its full share of suffering from the storms which de- layed the expedition at Hatteras Inlet, where it was exposed from the 13th of January till the 5th of February. It became necessary to land part of the regiment so that the vessel could be got over the "sw^ash" at the Inlet, and uncomfortable as was the position of those on board, the detachment on shore fared even worse. Soon after their landing a gale arose which continued for six days, de- molishing tents, drenching and chilling the men and exposing them to many dangers, as well as causing great suffering for the want of food. The soldiers being once more aboard and the fleet Avithin the sound, sail was made for Roanoke Island, where they landed and a battle was fought on the morning of the 8th. The steamer Admiral having the Twenty-fourth aboard got aground on the afternoon of the 7th so that it was necessary next morning to transfer the regi- ment to the steamers Union and Eagle for landing — Company C having been detailed for service on the gun-boat \"idette, where it remained during the battle. The nuiin body of the regiment, through the accident to its transport, was thus unable to reach the scene of the action till just before the capture of the Confederate ■works. Colonel Stevenson with seven companies had hurried for- ward on landing without waiting for two comjianies under Lieuten- ant Colonel Osborn on the Eagle, and after the cajjture was ordered by General Foster to take the advance in pursuit of the enemy THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 373 toward their camp at the north end of the island. General Foster accompanied the reg'iment, and on nearing the camp was met Ijj a flag of truce asking a suspension of hostilities. Unconditional sur- render was demanded and Major Stevenson was sent forward to bring back the answer. The Confederates agreeing to capitulate, two companies were detached to scour the shore and pick up fugi- tives attempting to escape, Avhile the remaining companies jjushed directly forward to receive the surrender, which was duly made to Colonel Stevenson. The detailed companies also brought in about 170 prisoners captured from boats and in the woods. The force under Lieutenant Colonel Osborn, after assisting during the day in bringing up ammunition from the landing, joined the main body in the evening. The regiment remained on the island till the 11th of March, a detachment of three companies going on an eventless expedition to Columbia, N. C, on the 8th and 9th of that month. It then went ahoard the transports Guide and Vedette and joined the movement against Newbern. Ascending the Xeuse river to Slocum's Creek, a landing was made there on the morning of the 13th, and the ad- vance toward Newbern, 18 miles distant, w?s at once begun. On reaching the railroad the Twenty -fourth took the lead and pressed forward till near the hostile works, five or six miles from the city, when with four companies thrown forward on picket the regiment halted for the night. A rain-storm which prevailed not only made the roads very difficult but sadly interfered with the usefulness of the muskets of the command when the engagement opened next morning. The Confederate cavalry appearing with daylight, they were fired upon and the advance of the Union troops immediately began. On coming in sight of the intrenchments, Colonel Stevenson formed his regiment on the right of the road in line of battle, took position in the edge of the clearing facing the works and opened fire. This continued for some two hours, the line holding its posi- tion without shrinking, though under a heavy fire from the front and an artillery lire from the flank. Then an advance Avas ordered and the regiment was soon inside the works which the Confederates had practically abandoned at the Federal approach. The loss of the Twenty-fourth had been ten killed and 45 wounded. On gaining the works Company B was detailed as a garrison, the rest of the reghnont i)ushing on to the Trent river, across which it was ferried, 374 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. taking possession of the Confederate camp on the Fair Grounds near the city, which was rechristened Camp Lee, in honor of Lion- tenant Colonel Lee of Governor Andrew's staff. Four companies made a reconnaissance toward Beaufort on the 18th, and the following day the regiment sailed for Little "Washing- ton, reaching there on the 20th, when three companies landed and took possession of the town, raising the Stars and Stripes over the court-house. The return to Newborn was made on the 22d, and three days later six companies set out on an expedition up the Neuse, which was rendered fruitless by the difficult navigation. During most of the month of April the regiment was stationed five or six miles from the cit}^ on the Neuse road as an outpost, and after re- turning to the old camp one company was sent on the 1st of May to Little Washington, where an attempt was being made to organize a regiment of loyal North Carolinians. This company was rein- forced by two others on the 12th, and the balance of the regiment followed on the 3d of June, reaching the town at night of the 4th. A force of Confederates under Colonel Singletary was threatening the town by way of the Greenville road, and on the morning of the 5th Lieutenant Colonel Osborn with eight companies of his regi- ment, one of the Third New York Cavalry and a section of artillery set out to deliver an attack before the enemy should be aware of the reinforcements having arrived at Washington. Singletary's force was found at Tranter's Creek, some nine miles out, advantage- ously posted on the other side of the stream with the bridge torn up. The Union infantry and artillery were at once brought into action, taking a position at short range of the almost unseen enemy, and within half an hour, though the location of the Twenty-fourth was unfavorable for efficient firing, the Confederates had been driven from their position. The regiment returned to its quarters at Washington that evening, having lost in the operations of the day six killed and six wounded. Previous to this, a reorganization had been made of the troops in the Department of North Carolina, by which General Foster became commander of a division, known rs the First, comi)osed of two bri- gades of three regiments each. The Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel Stevenson, consisted of his own regiment, witli Ihe Tenth Connecticut and Twenty-scvciit h Massachusetts. The Twenty-fourth remained at Washington till the close of the month, when Ihcy Avere THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 375 ordered back to Newborn, arrivino' there on the SOtli, but an intended advance into the interior was abandoned on account of the disaster to the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsula, by which General Burnside with a large part of his command was summoned to another field of operation. On the 8th of July Companies B and D were ordered back to Washington, remaining there till the 12th of October, when they returned to Newbern, having taken part in the defense of Washington on the Gth, losing one man killed and five wounded, but repulsing the enemy. Meanwhile the main body of the regiment, seven companies, accompanied by artillery, the whole under command of Colonel Stevenson, proceeded on the 13th of August by seven light draft steamers to Bogue Inlet, where two salt works of some importance were destroyed, without casualty on the part of the expedition. The regiment was again ordered to Little Washington on the 30th of October, where a force was gathering for an expedition inland, and on the morning of the 2d of November the column started across country toward Williamston on the Roanoke river. There was some sharp skirmishing toward evening, and more during the night, in which the Twenty-fourth had one man killed, but the advance was not seriously delayed. Williamston was reached next day, and on the 4th the deserted works below Hamilton, some miles further up the river, were entered. The column then turned across country toward Tarboro on the Tar river, making one day's march, after which it countermarched back over the route as far as Williamston, going thence to Plymouth, near the mouth of the Roanoke, where the Twenty -fourth took transportation for Newbern, arriving there on the 11th. Companies C and H had remained on picket duty near Newbern during the absence of the rest of the regiment, and on the night of the 11th Company H, stationed at Batchelder's Creek, were attacked, the outposts driven in and one man killed and one wounded. But the determined resistance of the reserve resulted in the retreat of the attacking force, and on the 15th the post was strengthened by the addition of the eight companies of the Twenty- fourth recently returned from Washington. A reconnaissance was made across the creek a few days later, driving the enemy's out- })Osts across Cure creek, beyond which no event of moment occurred till the Goldsboro expedition. Many regiments of nine-months' troops had now arrived in the 37G MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. department, and the brigades were enlarged and reorganized, so that Stevenson's at the time of the expedition consisted in addition to the Twenty-fourth of the Eighth and Forty-fourth Massachusetts, Fifth Rhode IsLand and Tenth Connecticut. The Goldsboro ex- pedition started on the morning of the 11th of December, and so far as the part taken in it by the Twenty-fourth is concerned it will be necessary only to record that it fought the battle of Kinston on the 14th, the regiment being in support of Belger's Battery, not actively engaged and suffering no casualties. It was ordered in pursuit of the retreating Confederates, but that was soon relinquished and the march contined. At Whitehall on the 16th an engagement was fought across the river, the regiment again in support of the battery, having one man killed and several wounded, most of the latter slightly. At Goldsboro next day, though there was some serious fighting, the Twenty-fourth were not engaged, and the rail- road bridge there having been destroyed, the column started for home, reaching the camps about Newborn on the evening of the 20th, having on that day made a march of 30 miles. A portion of the North Carolina force was now selected for ope- rations looking to the reduction of the city of Charleston, S. C, under direction of General David Hunter, commanding the Depart- ment of the South, and among the regiments selected was the Twenty-fourth, which was kept in a state of readiness till January 22, 1863. Then the long-awaited orders came, eight companies were at once hurried aboard cars and set off for Morehead City, where next day they were embarked for the new destination. The detached companies arrived on the 26th, and three days later the fleet sailed. Six companies on the steamer Guide reached Port Royal on the 31st, and the four companies aboard the schooner Highlander arrived on the 3d of February, landing six days later on St. Helena Island. The regiment remained encamped on the island without incident of note till near the close of March. There were numerous changes in the composition of brigades and other commands during this time. The March report shows the regiment to have been a part of the Second Brigade, First Division, Detachment Eighteenth Army Corjis; l)rigaded with it wore the Tenth Connecticut, Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, the acting brigadier being Colonel W. W. H. Davis of the last named regiment. Gen- eral Orris S. Ferry commanded the division. Colonel Stevenson THE TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 377 having been promoted to brigadier general dating from the 26th of December i)revious, the roster of the liekl officers of the Twenty- fourth had been changed by the advancement of Lieutenant Colonel Osborn and Major Stevenson to colonel and lieutenant colonel re- speetively, Captain Charles H. Hooper being commissioned major. The regiment was transferred on the 27th of March to Seabrook Island, Edisto Inlet. Three months of severe and monotonous picket and fatigue duty followed, the force on the island, commanded by General Stevenson, consisting of the Twenty-fourth Massachu- setts, Tenth Connecticut, Fifty-sixth New York and Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania. On the 6th of July at night, leaving four companies on the island under command of Lieutenant Colonel Stevenson, Colonel Osborn Avith six companies embarked and landed next day on St. Helena Island, but had rested on shore only a few hours when they returned to the transport, landed again and on the following afternoon re-embarked, finally landing on James Island on the morning of the 10th. There a week was passed, an engagement taking place on the 16th in which the loss of the regiment was one mortally wounded, the fighting being prin- cipally with artillery. At night of the 17th the command was withdrawn to Morris Island, in anticipation of the attack to be made on Fort Wagner the following day. The Twenty-fourth took no active part in that assault, and after the sad night which witncssed'the vain struggle remained as ])art of the force engaged in the siege operations against the fort, being joined on the 21st by the four companies from Seabrook. After more than a month of very trying labor in the trenches, Colonel Osborn with a portion of his regiment was selected on the 26th of August to attempt the capture of some Confederate rifle-pits on an elevation in front of the fourth parallel of the besiegers. The sortie was made late in the afternoon and was entirely successful ; some 200 men dashed across to the hostile works, capturing nearly every one of the oc- cupants. The rest of the regiment quickly followed with shovels, and the whole force set desperately to work intrenching the position, which subsequently became the fifth parallel. As soon as the enemy comprehended what was being done a heavy fire of case and can- ister was opened, by which three were killed, including First Lieu- tenant James A. Perkins, and [\yQ wounded. The regiment was re- lieved during the night bv the Eiditv-fifth Pennsvlvania. 37S MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAR. 'J'lic health of the comuuiiul had suffered greatly during- the summer, especiall}^ in the case of those companies which had remained long- est on Seabrook Island. The malarial poison, exposure and severe duty combined to place more than half of the entire number in the Twenty-fourth Regiment on the sick list. But those who were able to do so continued to meet the exacting duties of the siege, and when the parallels had been carried up to and into the ditch of Fort Wag- ner, on the night of the 6th of September, the regiment was selected to lead the assault at the rear of the fort. The column had been formed when the discovery was made that Wagner was evacuated. Being thus relieved from a desperate duty, the regiment was on the 8th selected for another even more hazardous, being detailed with the Tenth Connecticut, both under the command of Coloncd Osborn, to attempt the capture of Fort Sumter. The command being em- barked in small boats with much difficulty was delayed, so that the navy made an attempt before the land troops could be got ready. The result showed the fort still strong for defense, and the project was abandoned. The health of the regiment rapidly grew worse, so that before the close of the month it reported 390 sick and but 280 for duty. General Gillmore, the department commander, there- fore ordered its transfer to a more favorable location ; it sailed on the 30th, and October 3 landed at St. Augustine, Fla. Colonel Osborn took command of the jjost, ])lacingthe regiment in charge of Major Hooper — Lieutenant Colonel Stevenson having some months before been detailed on conscript duty in Massachusetts. While three of the companies garrisoned Fort Marion, the others were quartered in the barracks, and the improvement in health was rapid. The winter passed without any event of military importance ; there was an occasional excursion into the region roundabout, and on the 30th of December a party of wood-chopj)ers were fired upon by an ambuscade of Confederate cavalry. Second Lieutenant Oliver H. Walker of Boston, in charge of the party, was mortally wounded, dying the 3d of January following, while three men of the Twenty- fourth, with a much larger number from the Tenth Connecticut, were captured. During the winter 415 members of the regijnent enlisted for an additional thi-ee years, and on the 13th of February, 18G4, sailed for Massachusetts for a furlough of 30 days. The re- mainder of the regiment was transferred on the 18th to Jackson- ville, Fla., where it performed provost duty till the 24tli of April, THE TWEyTY-FOURTU REGIMENT. 379 Colonel Osborn being there also in command of the post. Leaving Jacksonville by transport, that part of the regiment landed at Gloucester Point, opposite Yorktown, Va., on the 1st of May, -where the re-enlisted portion ^vas joined and the Twenty-fourth became part of the Third Brigade, First Division, Tenth Corps; Colonel II. M. Plaisted of the Eleventh Maine commanded the brigade. General Alfred H. Terry the division and General Gillmore the corps. The regiments brigaded with the Twenty-fourth were the Tenth Con- necticut, Eleventh Maine and One Hundredth New York. The Army of the James, under command of General Butler, em- barked on the 4th of May and two days later landed at Bermuda Hundred, which had been chosen as the base of operations. The Twenty-fourth took part next day in the movement under General Brooks directed against the Richmond and Petersburg railroad, but were not engaged, and moved on the 12th with the rest of the army toward Richmond. There was fighting on the 13th and 14th in which the regiment took part with some loss, but it suffered most on the 16th in the battle of Drewry's Bluff when it assisted in re- pulsing the repeated attacks of the Confederates, moving back at one time to take a new position, owing to the disaster to the Union right and then valiantly holding on through the rest of the day till night, when General Butler withdrew to his fortifications at Ber- muda Hundred. In the series of engagements the Twenty-fourth lost First Lieutenants Mason A. Rea and Charles G. Ward and Second Lieutenant Edgar Clough of Boston killed ; the total loss to the regiment being eight killed, 43 wounded and seven missing. First Lieutenant Nathaniel S. Barstow of Boston died of disease on the 22d. For a month the Army of the James was practically besieged in its strong position by the Confederates under General Beauregard, but when the latter was called on to send troops for the defense of Petersburg againt the Army of the Potomac he abandoned the lines in front of Bermuda Hundred. This enabled some of General But- ler's forces on the 16th of June 'to reach the Petersburg railroad and destroy a part of it, the Twenty-fourth sharing in the movement. While the regiment remained at Bermuda Hundred, Lieutenant Colonel Stevenson resigned his commission and Major Hooper was promoted to the vacancy June 1, Captain Richardson being made major. During this time there had been numerous skirmishes on 380 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. and near the picket lines, in which the men of the regiment had borne their due part, losing- one killed and ten wounded. The bri- gade was thrown to the north liank of the James river on the 20th of June, taking position at Deep Bottom, where it remained some two months, Lieutenant Colonel Hooper being taken prisoner on the picket line July 27. A portion of the Army of the Potomac was sent to the north side of the James about the middle of August, and in connection with their movement a series of attacks were made on the enemy's lines in front of Deep Bottom. On the 14th a charge was made by which some ground was gained, and a more general engagement was fought on the 16th, in which the regiment suffered heavy loss, having two killed on the 14th, 17 on the 16th, and altogether 93 wounded and 12 missing. Second Lieutenant Jesse S. Williams of Roxl)ury was killed on the 16th, and Second Lieutenant William Thorne of Gloucester died on the 20th from wounds. On the latter date the regiment returned to its camp at Deep Bottom, Colonel Osl)orn being temporarily in command of a brigade in another division, the regiment was commanded on the 14th by Captain Maker, and sub- sequently by Captain George W. Gardner. The James was re- crossed and the old camp at Bermuda Hundred again occupied on the 2oth,but it was only for a day, when the Tenth Corps moved to the front of Petersburg and occupied a portion of the lines. There the regiment remained for a month, constantly under fire, from which a loss was sustained of three killed and a number wounded. Colonel Osborn returned to the command of his regiment on the 25th of September, being the only field officer who had l)ocn })res- ent with it for duty since the capture of Lieutenant Colonel Hooper. Major Richardson had been discharged for disability on the 23d, and the vacancy was filled later by the promotion of Captain Ordway. Another movement of the Army of the James to the north side of the James river began the 28th, in connection with a similar move- ment to the left by the Army of the Potomac, the Twenty-fourth with its division moving by the Darbytown road toward Richmond, but it was not till the 7th of Octo])er that the command became en- gaged. An attempt was then made to turn the Union right, which the regiment assisted in repelling, having two men killed and eight wounded. On the 13th it took part in a reconnaissance on the Darbytown road toward Richmond, encountering the enemy in force THE TWENTY-FOURTn REGIMENT. 381 and losini^ in the engagement which resulted live men killed, 14 wounded and live missing. A similar movement was made on the 27th, but with very fortimate results so far as casualties were con- cerned, only two men of the Twenty-fourth being wounded. Re- turning from this reconnaissance the regiment went into camp at Four Mile Church on the Newmarket road, in rear of the Union line of works, where it remained till the 18th of December. It was then returned to Bermuda Hundred, and performed garrison duty till after the fall of Petersburg and Richmond the following spring. Colonel Osborn left the regiment on leave of absence October 16, and did not return to service with it, being mustered out the 14th of November ; the regiment during its last duty in the field was under command of Captain Thomas F. Edmands. The last of the original members who had not re-enlisted were mustered out on the 4th of December, but as there were over 400 veteran members remaining the name and form of the regiment were not changed. Lieutenant Colonel Hooper was commissioned colonel, but as he could not be mustered to that rank he was mustered out March 18, 1865, as lieutenant colonel. Major Ordway, absent on staff duty, was promoted to lieutenant colonel. On the 8th of April, 1865, the Twenty-fourth were ordered to Richmond, where the command was assigned the duty of guarding the military prisons in that city, including those which had become so notorious from the confinement in them of Union prisoners of war, and in this duty the remainder of the year was ])assed, while something like order was being evolved from the ruins of the would- be Confederacy. About the middle of June 172 veterans from the Thirty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment and 14 from the Fortieth were transferred to the Twenty-fourth and formed into two com- panies, the original regiment being reduced to eight companies. The Twenty -fourth Avas with the exception of the Thirtieth the last organization from Massachusetts to leave the national service, being mustered out at Richmond on the 20th of January, 1866, and reaching Boston four days later. It went into camp on Gallop's Island for three days, but on the 27th visited the State House where the regimental colors were delivered to Governor Bullock, who re- ceived them with elo(i[uent words of appreciation. The regiment was then tendered a reception and collation at Faneuil Hall, after which the members separated to resume the pursuits of civil life. THE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. THE Twenty-fifth R,egiment was organized at Camp Lincoln, Worcester, the first companies reporting September 25, 18G1, and the entire ten being on the ground two days later. Nearly all the towns of Worcester County were represented in the command, and there were a few from outside the county. Much of the work of organizing the regiment was done by Captain A. B. R. Sprague, recently of the Third Battalion of Rifles, and many of the officers had seen service in the battalion. The band were mustered September 26, the line officers October 12, and most of the rest of the regiment at various times between those dates, by Captain John M. Goodhue, U. S. A. Colonel Upton, who had formerly held that rank in the Ninth Regiment of Militia, took command on the 8th of October, and the full list of officers follows : — Colonel, Edwin Upton of Fitchburg; lieutenant colonel, Augustus B. R. Sprague; major, Matthew J. McCalierty; surgeon, J. Marcus Rice, all of Worcester; assistaut surgeon, Theron Temple of Belcher- towu ; adjutant, Elijah A. Harkness of AVorcester ; quartermaster, William 0. Brown of Fitchburg; chaplain, Horace James ; sergeant major, Michael McKeon, both of Worcester; quartermaster sergeant, Edward A. Brown of Fitchburg; commissary sergeant, Elbridge G. Watkins; hospital steward, Samuel Flagg; principal musician, Jonathan H. Samson, all of Worcester; leader of band, William E. Gilmore of Pawtucket, R. I. Company A, Worcester — Captain, Josiali Pickett; first lieutenant, Francis E. Goodwin; second lieutenant, Merritt ?>. Bcssey. Company B, Milford — Captain, Willard Clark ; first lieutenant, William Emery; second lieutenant, William F. Draper. Company C — Ca'fDtain, Cornelius G. Attwood ; first lieutenant, James Tucker, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Merrick F. Prouty of Spencer. Company D, Worcester — Captain, Albert F. Foster; first lieutenant, George S. Campbell; secoud lieuteuant, George H. Spauldiug, Company E, Worcester — Captain, Thomas O'Neill; first lieutenant,. William Daley; second lieutenant, Henry McConville. TUE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 383 Company F, Fitcliburg — Captain, Charles 11. Foss; first lieutenant, Levi Lawrence; second lieutenant, J. Henry Richardson. Company (I, Worcester — Captain, Lewis Waj^ely; first lieutenant, Henry M. Kichter; second lieutenant, Frederic A. Weigand. Company H — Captain, Orson Moulton; first lieutenant, David M. Woodward, both of Worcester; second lieutenant, Nathaniel H. Fos- ter of North Brookfield. Company I — Captain, Veranus P. Parkliurst of Templeton; first lieutenant, James 13. Smith of Koyalston; second lieutenant, Amos Buffum of Templeton. Company K — Captain, J. Waldo Denny of Worcester; first lieu- tenant, Samuel Harrington of Paxham; second lieutenant, James M. Drennan of Worcester. The regiment broke camp October 31, after it had been presented with a stand of colors by the ladies of Worcester, going by way of Norwich and the steamer Connecticut to New York, where it re- ceived an ovation and stopped till afternoon of November 1, when it w^ent by ra-il from Jersey City to Philadelphia. That city was reached some time after midnight, but its loyal sons and daughters were waiting at the Cooper Shop with an abundant repast. Balti- more was made at 3 o'clock next afternoon, in the midst of a driving storm, and after marching about for a time, finding no transporta- tion, the different companies were stowed for the night in such vacant buildings as were available. Next morning steamer was taken to Annapolis, where the regiment was the third to arrive of those which subsequently formed the Burnsidc expedition, and en- camped on " Taylor's Farm," renamed Camp Hicks in honor of the loyal governor of Maryland. Late in Novemljer the troops at Annai)olis were organized in three brigades, the Twenty-iifth having .the right of the First Bri- gndc under General J. G. Foster, the other regiments being the Twenty-third, Twenty -fourth and Twenty -seventh Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut. Drill and routine duty occupied the time till the 5th of January, 1862, when orders Avere issued for the departure of the expedition next morning. Accordingly the command turned out before daylight of the 6th in a driving snow-storm and marched to the Naval Academy, where most of the Twenty-lifth went aboard the steamer New York, two companies taking the gun-boat Zouave and one the schooner Skirmisher. Anchoring in the harbor, the regiment waited for the eml)arkation of the other troops composing the exi)edition, finally setting sail on the 9th. That night anchor was 384 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. cast near the mouth of the Potomac, and next day at noon Fortress Monroe was reached, near whicli another stop of two days was made. Starting again on the 12th, the expedition on the following day encountered a severe storm, Avhich greatly endangered the en- tire fleet. The New York reached a comparatively secure anchor- age at Hatteras Inlet, hut some of the vessels outside were wrecked and the entire fleet was delayed a week while those driven out to sea were getting hack and the damage was being repaired. The men suffered much from the rough weather, the shortness of food and especially the lack of water. Another storm occurred on the 23d, less severe than the first, and as soon as it abated the work of getting the larger transports across the bar into Pamlico Sound was taken up. This was not completed till the 5th of February, when the expedition once more got under way, its destination being Roanoke Island, an important fortified position commanding the entrance to Albemarle Sound. On the morning of the 7th the gun- boats of the fleet opened a bombardment of the forts, practically silencing their fire after a few hours, and in the afternoon the land troops were disembarked on the island after a very severe month of life on shipboard. The night was passed by the men standing around their camp-fires in the rain, and next morning the march toward the Confederate position was taken up. The hostile outposts were soon encountered by Companies A and E deployed as skirmishers, and the Twenty-fifth formed line of battle across the road, the right resting on an open field in suj^portof a howit- zer battery. After firing some three hours and exhausting its ammu- nition the regiment formed into column by companies and rested after its arduous efforts in penetrating the swamp till the enemy were driven from their position, when the column advanced and occupied the captured works. During the action the regiment lost six killed and u|)ward of 40 wounded. The island was occupied by General Burnside's troops till the 6th of March, when the Twenty-fifth vacated their log barracks and once more went aboard the New York. After lying at anchor till the 11th the fleet moved across the sound, the New York grounding on a shoal for several hours, but anchoring that night at Hatteras Inlet. Next morning sail was made for the Neuse river, and at night the expedition halted within 15 miles of the city of Newl)ern. Under cover of the gun-boat fire a landing was made in the mud at the mouth of Slocum's Creek, THE TWENTY-FIFTH EEGIMENT. 385 and through a dismal rain-storm a march of some ten miles was made, the Twenty-lifth leading. The battle of Newbern opened early next morning, but the regi- ment, being on the extreme Union right, was not at first engaged. It was finally ordered to the support of a battery, and later joined in the charge, only to find the Confederate worlds evacuated. Reforming and advancing the Twenty-fifth encountered Colonel Avery and his Thirty-third North Carolina regiment, covering the Confederate retreat. They surrendered, 150 in number, and were given in charge of Company H, while the rest of Foster's Bri- gade proceeded along the railroad toward Newbern. The city was on fire, as was the railroad bridge across the river, but the troops were fer- ried over in the afternoon by small boats that had run the blockade of sunken vessels below, and at once took possession. The loss of the Twenty-fifth during the battle had been four killed and 16 wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Sprague with a portion of the regi- ment and the colors was the first infantry officer to reach the city of Newbern. The different companies were quartered in some of the buildings deserted by the secessionists who had fled the town, and remained there engaged in provost duty and the like till the 9th of May. During that time Major McCafferty resigned, being suc- ceeded by Captain Pickett of Company A. Marching some miles inland, the regiment was stationed at Red House on picket duty, naming its location Camp Bullock, in honor of Alexander H. Bullock of Worcester. There the rest of the month was passed with no duty more important than an occasional incursion into the surrounding country, and on the 1st of June the command returned to Newbern, establishing itself at Camp Oliver, at the west of the city near Fort Totten. On the 24th of July it formed part of an expedition of considerable strength under Colonel H. C. Lee which crossed the Neuse river and advanced to Trenton, some 30 miles, occupying that place without opposition and return- ing to camp a few days later, where the hot season was passed in comparative inaction. The first of the autumn expeditions occurred on the 15th of September, when the Twenty-fifth with two other regiments, all under command of Colonel Upton, embarked on steamers for Ply- mouth, a station on the Roanoke river, anchoring in front of the town during the night of the 16th, but finding next morning that 38G MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. the contemplated demonstration was postponed and returning to camp at Newbern. Before any further operations occurred the regimental band was dismissed by orders from the War Depart- ment, and both Colonel Upton and Lieutenant Colonel Sprague left the Twenty-fifth, the latter being promoted to the colonelcy of the Fifty-first Regiment, and the former resigniug on account of ill health. This left Major Pickett in command of the regiment, and in due time the vacancies were filled by his promotion to the colonelcy while Captains Moulton and Attwood became lieutenant colonel and major respectively. Six companies of the Twenty -fifth under Major Pickett took part in the Tarboro expedition, the others being on picket duty up the Trent road. The battalion went by the steamer Highlander to Washington, a village on the Pamlico river, October 30, where it formed part of a force of 5,000 or 6,000 men under General Foster. The march across country to Williamston on the Roanoke river be- gan November 2, the Twenty-fifth forming part of the rear guard and enduring the usual hardship of that position. Going by way of Hamilton, the force bivouacked within a few miles of Tarboro on the night of the 5tli, but General Foster, learning that the enemy was in strong force, decided to retrace his course, and the column began falling back the following morning. Plymouth was reached on the 10th, whence most of the troops embarked for Newbern, the companies of* the Twenty-fifth and two of the Twentj'-sevcnth re- maining at Plymouth in guard of the artillery. The Twenty-fifth embarked on the schooner Skirmisher December 8, and at evening of the 10th reached the camp at Newbern, where orders were in waiting for them to join an expedition for Goldsboro, to start the following morning. Of the four brigades making up the command. Colonel Lee's (which included the Twenty-fifth Regi- ment) did not start till near noon of the 11th, marching some 12 miles during the afternoon and night. The following day the roads were found to be badly obstructed by felled trees and important bridges were missing, which the troops had to rebuild, so that only about ten miles were covered, and early in the afternoon of the 13th the regiment halted some five miles from Kinston. During the fight at that place on the following day, it was in support of Morrison s and Bclger's Batteries. Bivouacking near the town that night, the coluiuu set forward the next morning, after destroying the bridges THE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 387 over the Ncusc at that point, making an unmolested march of 18 miles. A force of the enemy being discovered across the river at Whitehall on the 15th, an artillery duel took place with a sharp- shooting accompaniment, during which the Twenty-fifth were called upon for 100 volunteers for skirmish duty, one of whom was wounded. Marching to within six or eight miles of Goldsboro the regiment encamped for the night. Next morning Lee's Brigade took the advance, and soon discovered the enemy, but in the battle which ensued it was not actively en- gaged till, the railroad and bridge having been destroyed, the column started on its return. The brigade formed the rear guard, and the Twenty-fif'th were already leaving the field when the Confederates charged upon the artillery. The regiment at once hastened to the support of Belger's Battery, holding its position under a heavy fire till the enemy retreated, suffering a loss of one killed and three wounded. The march toward Newbern was then resumed, and the j)lace was reached on the 21st, the men being very weary and hungry. The regiment remained quietly in camp till March, 1863, when on the Gth it marched to the junction of the Trenton and Kinston roads, from which point some of its companies operated against the enemy's outposts under the command of Captain Denny, driving tliem from a fortified camp and engaging in some other skirmishing and reconnoitering, with a loss of but two or three wounded. On the loth, late in the afternoon, the six companies in camp were ordered to the support of the four at Deep Gully where an attack was threatened. Skirmishing began next morning, the Twenty-fifth at the front, but presently the intelligence of an attack at Newbern resulted in the withdrawal of the supporting regiments and Colonel Pickett was left to hold the position at the Gully as best he could with his single regiment and three pieces of artillery. At night the Twenty-fifth were relieved by the Forty-third Massachusetts and re- turned to camp, having lost one wounded and one missing. On the 18th of March, being ordered to strengthen the garrison at Plymouth, seven of the companies embarked on the steamer Escort, reaching their destination on the afternoon of the 20th, (he remaining companies following a few days later. After fortifying the place the command remained on duty till the 3d of May, w'.ien orders were received for a return to Newbern, which was reachc d on the 4th. On the 21st the regiment formed part of an expediti.ui 388 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. to Gum Creek, going b}' rail soon after midnight to Batchelder's Creek, where it joined the Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania and waited through the day, going then with its brigade by rail to Core Creek, resting till about midnight and moving forward to surround and capture the outpost which was the object of attack. The program was successfully carried out, some companies of the Twenty-fifth skirmishing in front of the works and holding the attention of the enemy till the fire of a detachment sent to gain the rear was heard, when an advance was made and the foe completely routed. The victors rested on the scene till late in the afternoon, when the rein- forced enemy drew near, and some skirmishing took place as the troops made their way back to Core Creek, where they passed the night, taking the cars next morning toward Xewbern, still harassed by the Confederates. Camp was reached that afternoon, the regi- ment having lost three wounded and one missing. On the 3d of July the right wing was sent by steamer to Washington, N. C, and assigned to picket duty on the river below the town, two com}xinics at Rodman's Point and three at Hill's Point, where the}' remained for some months. The left wing was engaged in some scouting duty, but the year waned without notable service. Early in Decem- ber the Twenty-fifth were ti-ansf erred to Newport News, Va., and during their stay there 432 of the men re-enlisted and were fur- loughed for a month. While the re-enlisted men were preparing for and enjoying their brief respite from camp life, the 225 others were ordered to York- town, for which they left January 21 under command of Captain Parkhurst. Before reaching the town the next afternoon orders were received to continue the march to Williamsburg, 15 miles fur- ther. After resting there a few days the men were distributed among the different companies of the One Hundred and Thirty- ninth New York Eegiment, a part of General Isaac Wistar's Brigade, and as such on the 6th of February, 18G4, started on a futile ex- pedition against Richmond. After a hard march of 40 miles to the Chickahominy river the bridges were found to have been destroyed and the column retraced its steps. The regiment was soon after ordered to Newport News, leaving the members of the Twenty-fifth in camp at Williamsburg, where they remained on duty till the 2d of March, when they were relieved by the Eleventh Connecticut and ordered to the News. Reaching there on the 4tli they rejoined a THE TWENTY-FIFTn BEGIMENT. 389 portion of the regiment •which had returned from ^lassachusetts, and on the 2Gth, going to Portsmouth, met the remainder with a number of recruits. The command was ordered to Getty's Station, four miles west of Portsmouth, and located in Camp Wellington. It took part April 13 in an expedition to Smithfield, going by steamer, but had no share in the slight skirmishing with guerrillas which took place. On the 22d orders were received to embark at once for Plymouth, N. C, then besieged by the Confederates, but on reaching Albemarle Sound intelligence of the surrender of the place was received and the regiment returned to its camp. On the 26th it was assigned to CJcneral Ileckman's ''Star" Brigade (First Brigade, Second Division, Eighteenth Corps), the other regiments of which Avere the Ninth New Jersey, Twenty-third and Twenty- seventh Massachusetts. Next day the command marched to York- town, where it remained till the beginning of active operations, May 4. The troops were embarked that afternoon and sailed to near Fort- ress Monroe, where the night was passed, and next day the James river was ascended to near Bermuda Hundred, where the brigade debarked and took up a position to cover the landing. The other troops came ashore next morning and the "Star" Brigade led the advance, takiug a strong position at Cobb's Hill, near the Appomat- tox river, from which the lines were extended across the country to the James on the right. In the afternoon the brigade made an ad- vance toward the" railroad in the vicinity of Walthal Junction, or Port Walthal, the enemy being found at Dunn's Farm in a strong position, and a sharp engagement ensued, in which the Twenty -fifth in support of the front line received a galling fire, losing four killed and 13 wounded. Retiring that night to Cobb's Hill, the brigade was ordered forward to the same point next day, with a larger force in co-operation, by which the purpose of destroying the railroad was accomplished, the regiment suffering severely from sun-stroke, some 30 men being prostrated. Another engagement occurred on the 9th, when the brigade led the advance of a considerable force toward Petersburg, finding the enemy in position on Swift Creek near Arrowfield Church. Pleavy fighting occurred, during which a sharp charge was made on the Twenty-fifth by the South Carolina regiment of the same number, which was repulsed by a terrible volley at close quarters, after which the Star Brisxade held the ground unmolested during the night 390 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. and on the morning of the 10th returned again to CobVs Hill. The loss of the regiment in the battle was 12 killed, including First Lieutenant Charles E. Upton of Fitchburg, and 49 wounded. Another movement began on the 11th, this time in the direction of Richmond, and by slow advances and skirmishing the enemy was forced back to his lines in front of Drewry's Bluff, from which on the morning of the 16th, in a heavy fog, he made a deadly sortie, Heck- man's Brigade, on the right of the Federal line, with its flank un- protected, suffering most. The Twenty-fifth, forming the left of the brigade, was not so completely surprised at the attack in the rear as the other regiments, and made a gallant and effectual resistance. Fighting'bravely until almost surrounded, it faced to the rear and cut its way through the enveloping lines, throwing them into such confusion that Colonel Pickett, upon whom devolved the command of what was left of the brigade (General Heckman having been captured), was enabled to take and hold through the day a position covering the right of the Union line. The loss of the regiment Avas 11 killed, 53 wounded and 73 missing. Following this disaster, the Army of the James retired behind its intrenchments, which were strengthened till impregnable by the incessant exertions of the men, and in this duty and picket service the Twenty-fifth were engaged till the 27th, when they formed part of a force detached to join the Army of the Potomac. Marching to City Point and taking transports," the force landed at White House on the 30th and the following day marched to Church Tavern, whence on the 1st of June the column was directed toward Cold Harbor, where the hostile armies were coming to close (|uarters. General Stannard now commanded the brigade. On reaching the position occupied by the Army of the Potomac, the Eighteenth Corps (as it was called, though having some troops from the Tenth Corps) formed between the Fifth and Sixth Corps, and skirmishing at once began. On the morning of the 3d the order wa3 issued for a general attack, in which the Twenty-fifth had a deadly part. Charging in column of divisions, the regiment pene- trated almost to the enemy's lines, when it became so decimated that human valor could carry it no further ; yet the survivors clung to the position gained at such cost, intrenching with their cups or hands. The attack was not renewed, but the regiment remained in the pits till the field was vacated on the 12th, engaged in skirmish- THE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 391 ing and sharp-shooting, but with slight additional loss. The cas- ualties at Cold Harbor, out of but 302 taken into action, Avcrc 27 killed, 139 wounded and 49 missing. The dead included Captain Thomas O'Neill, First Lieutenant Henry Matthews of Worcester, and Second Lieutenants Charles H. Pelton of Worcester, and James Graham of Fitchburg. The officers mortally wounded were Ad- jutant (brevet major) Henry McConville and First Lieutenant William Daley. The colonel, major and many of the line officers were also severely wounded. The corps marched back to White House on the 12th, taking trans- ports, from which it landed at Point of Rocks on the Appomattox river late in the evening of the 14th. That night the river was crossed and the advance on Petersburg began. The enemy's pickets were encountered next morning and skirmishing continued till the Union lines were well up to the rebel works, where they halted until sunset. Then a charge was made, carrying the first line of intrencli- ments, the Twenty-fifth capturing two Napoleon guns with their outfit, suffering a loss of one killed and 18 wounded. On the 18th, after two days of comparative inaction, the regiment was ordered to the right and joined in another assault, but this time the attack failed, the Twenty-fifth losing six killed and 13 wounded. Till the 25th of August they remained on duty in the trenches before Peters- burg, constantly under the fire of sharp-shooters, from which in that time the loss of the command reached six killed and 25 wounded. On the 25th what was left of the Star Brigade recrossed the Appomattox river and was assigned a position in the lines near the former camp at Cobb's Hill. There the regiment remained till the 4th of September, when orders were received to return to North Carolina, and the following day, with the Twenty-third it embarked on the steamer Winona from Bermuda Hundred, reaching Newborn on the loth, and was assigned to light picket duty, as l)efitted its exhausted condition. On the otli of October the original members of the regiment who had not re-enlisted were ordered to Worcester for muster out, and after some delays reached that city on the afternoon of the 13th. On the 20th they were mustered out of the service, leaving the Veteran Twenty-fifth Massachusetts Regiment in the field, consoli- dated to four companies, in camp near Fort Spinola at Newbern, doing picket duty at Brice's Ferry and along the line of railroad to 892 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Morehead City. A demonstration against Kinston began on the 9th of December, in which the battalion took jjart, suffering from three or four days' marching through severe storms, but with no other result. Then picket duty was resumed and continued till the early spring of 1865. At the close of February preparations began to be made for the speedy moving of the Twenty-third Corps from Newbern to Golds- boro, to connect with the advance of General Sherman's victorious army, and two provisional divisions were organized from the garri- sons, convalescents and some new troops about Newbern. In this arrangement the Twenty-fifth formed part of the division of Gen- eral S. P. Carter, and on the 3d of March started toward Kins- ton. The regiment, on the left of the division, was posted near Wise's Forks, where on the 10th Confederate General Bragg made an attack, scattering and capturing Palmer's Division, but being repeatedly beaten back by Carter's Division. This was the last battle of the Twenty-fifth Regiment, in which it well sustained its reputation, its loss being but five wounded. Five days later it entered Kinston, stopping there for a week, and then marched rapidly to Goldsboro, which it reached next day, the brigade, under command of Colonel James Stewart, Jr., of the Ninth New Jersey, being the first to reach the place, joining Sher- man's army. Staying there till the 3d of April, the regiment re- turned as far as Mosely Hall, where it became a part of General Ruger's First Division, Twenty-third Corps. On the 9th it marched 27 miles to Goldsboro, moving thence to Raleigh and camping near the city till the 3d of May. Reaching Greensboro on the 7th and going thence by rail on the 12th, it made its final cam]) at Charlotte, where it remained for two months, till on the 13th of July ordered to Massachusetts for muster out. Arriving at Readville on the 21st, the command was dissolved on the 28th. THE TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. THE Twenty-sixth Regiment was recruited by Colonel Jones of the famous Sixth Regiment of IMilitia, and was largely offi- cered by members of the latter organization. It was at first called the Sixth, and under that name went into Camp Cameron at ■Caml)ri(lge on the 28th of August, 1861. The title was soon changed, however, and on the 23d of September it was moved to Camp Chase at Lowell, were it remained for nearly two months. The field officers were commissioned the 28th of August, the line officers, from the IGth to the 2Gth of September, Avhile the enlisted men were mustered at various times during September and October. The roster of officers follows : — Colonel, Edward E. Jones of Pepperell; lieutenant colonel, Alpha B. Farr; major, Josiah A. Sawtell, both of Lowell; surgeon, Anson P. Hooker of Cambridge; assistant surgeon, James G. Bradt of Low- ell; chaplain, Charles Bahl)i(lge of Pepperell; adjutant, George E. Davis of Lcwell; qiiarternuister, James Munroe of Cambridge; ser- geant major, Henry L. Estaijrooks of Dorcliester; quartermaster ser- geant, George H. Stone of Natick; commissary sergeant, Archibald Starkweather of Boston; hospital steward, William H. Gray of Acton; leader of band, George Brooks of Lowell. Company A, Lowell — Captain, George M. Dickerman; first lieuten- ant, Andrew J. Johnson; st'cond lieutenant, William H. Willey. Company B — Cai)tain, Eusehius S. Clark ; first lieutenant, John S. Cooke, both of Groton; second lieutenant, Edward B. Hall of Boston. Company C — Captain, Enos W. Thayer of Pawtucket, R. I.; first lieutenant, John A. Lynch of South Easton; second lieutenant, Albert Tilden of Xorth Easton, Company D — Captain, Benjamin "Warren; first lieutenant, William H. Lamson, both of Lowell ; second lieutenant, Seth Bonney of Sterling. Company E — Captain, William H. Chapman; first lieutenant, William F. Wood; second lieutenant, Silas P. Blodgett, all of Acton. Company F — Captain, Thomas H. Annable of Cambridge ; first lieutenant, Edward Caufy; second lieutenant, George B. Yarriugton, both of Lawrence. 394 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Companv G, Eall Kiver — Captain, Henry C. Wilcox; first lieutenant, James Brady, Jr.; second lieutenant, John B. Campbell. ('ompany H, Lowell — Cajitain, Andrew Blood ; first lieutenant, Benjamin W. Frost; second lieutenant, Ezekiel Eastman. Company I — Captain, John Pickering; first lieutenant, Charles E. Drew, both of Lawrence; second lieutenant, Algernon S. Badger of Milton. Company K — Captain, Stephen K. Fletcher of Wrentham; first lieutenant, John T. Eobinson of Boston; second lieutenant, Henry Kemble Oliver of Maiden. The regiment left its camp at Lowell on the 19th of Noyember, embarking at Boston on the steamer Constitution with the Ninth Connecucut and the Fifth Massachusetts Battery, whence on the 21st it sailed for Portland, j\Ie., under orders from General Butler to take on also the Twelfth Maine Regiment ; but the captain of the vessel protested against loading his craft so heavily, and on the 23d the steamer set out for Fortress Monroe. Arrived there on the 26th, Brigadier General J. W. Phelps came on board and took com- mand of the military forces, relieving Colonel Jones, who as senior officer had commanded thus far, and the expedition continued its way to Ship Island, off the Mississippi coast, which had been selected as the rendezvous of the Butler forces. That point was reached on the 3d of December and the regiment was soon landed, being the first armed troops on the island, with the exception of a small body of marines at the unfinished earthwork known as Fort Massa- chusetts, near the western end. General Butler's forces gathered slowly, and the Twenty-sixth remained there during the winter and until the middle of April, 1802, with no occurrence of note. The only event approaching a collision with the enemy occurred when a detail of 100 men visited the main land near Mississippi City and were fired upon by a small force of the enemy with artillery, one man being slightly wounded. About the last of March the force on Ship Island was organized into three brigades, the Twenty-sixth forming part of the Second Brigade under command of General Thomas Williams. Its asso- ciate infantry regiments were the Thirty-first Massachusetts, Twenty- first Indiana, Sixth Michigan and Fourth Wisconsin. The Second and Sixth Massachusetts Batteries were also attached lo the brigade and one C(jmpany of the Second Battalion of Massachusetts Cavalry. The troops embarked for the ciniibined naval and military expedi- THE TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 3!)5 tion against New Orleans on the loth of April, the Twenty-sixth going aboard the transport jMississippi, and sailed next morning. During the operations against Forts St. Philip and Jackson by the fleet, the transj)orts waited on the river below ; but on the morning of the 2oth the Mississippi sailed l)ack down the river and around into Sal)le Bay, with the intention of landing her troops so as to cut off the rear approaches to the forts. By transferring the men to a light draft gunboat and afterward rowing and wading up a bayou, this object was accomplished with great diiliculty, the regi- ment linally getting ashore on the morning of the 28th, occupying Quarantine Station and placing one of its companies across the only road furnishing communication with the forts. After the evacuation of the latter the Twenty-sixth were detailed to garrison them while the rest of the force pressed on to New Orleans. Two companies remained at Quarantine Station and the rest of the regi- ment occupied the forts for more than a month. Being relieved by the Thirteenth Maine early in July, the Twenty- sixth were ordered to New Orleans, and went up the river in three detachments, owing to the meager transportation available, on the 9th, 11th and 13th of the month, the reunited command encamping on Lafayette S(i[uarc, Odd Fellows' Hall being used as regimental head-quarters and hospital. On the 1st of October the location was changed to the Custom House on Canal Street, and there the Twenty-sixth remained, occupied in provost duty and on detail about the city till the following June. During this time the regi- ment as a whole was not called into the field for active service, and the only detachment of note was one of 100 men under Captain Pickering which formed part of an expedition under Major Strong of General jjutler's staff, on the 13tli of September, across Lake Pontchartrain. This expedition resulted in the occupation of Pon- chatoula after a sharp skirmish, and the capture of General Jeff Thompson's head-quarters with his spurs and sword. The landing had lieen made some 10 miles from the town, and Captain Picker- ing was at first left with his detachment in charge of the steamer ; but learning that the main body was sharply engaged he made a brilliant march up the railroad to meet the returning party, after which his command gallantly covered the retreat to the boat and assisted in bringing off the wounded. The loss of the detail from the Twenty-sixth was light, with none killed. 396 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE }VAR. Important changes had taken place in the roster of officers mean- while. Colonel Jones resigned on the 27th of July, 1862 ; the vacancy caused the promotion of Lieutenant Colonel Farr and Major Sawtell to be colonel and lieutenant colonel respectively, while Captain E. S. Clark was made major. Surgeon Hooker had re- signed on the 18th of June, the assistant surgeon being promoted. While the members of the regiment had not fallen in battle, disease had not been idle, and Quartermaster Munroe was the first officer to die, November 18, 1862. First Lieutenant William H. Benham of Stow died of disease May 18, 1863, and First Lieutenant John H. P. White of Acton on the 10th of July following. Many changes had occurred from other causes, officers as well as men being trans- ferred to the loyal regiments which were being formed in Louisiana, so that from this cause, deaths and discharges, the regiment had before the close of the year 1862 lost 220, one-half of which had been made good by the arrival of recruits. During the early part of winter the Twent3'-sixth with the Thir- tieth Massachusetts, Ninth Connecticut and three batteries of light artillery formed the garrison of New Orleans, Colonel T. W. Cahill commanding ; but after the arrival of the nine-months' regiments which were assigned to the Department of the Gulf, General Banks having succeeded General Butler in the command, the Nineteenth Corps was organized, the Twenty-sixth forming part of the Second Brigade, Second Division. The other regiments of the brigade were the Forty-second and Forty-seventh Massachusetts, Ninth Con- necticut and Twenty-eighth Maine. Colonel Farr commanded the brigade, placing the regiment in the hands of Lieutenant Colonel Sawtell, and Brigadier General Thomas W. Sherman, who had taken command of the defenses of New Orleans during January, was division commander. The regiment was first called to field operations on the 20th of June, when seven companies under Lieutenant Colonel Sawtell took cars to La Fourche Crossing, 60 miles west of New Orleans, near Thibodeaux, where a movement was being made by the Confederate General Taylor against the railroad, Brashcar City and threatening New Orleans itself. On the evening of the 21st an attack was made on the position defended by the Twenty-sixth ; but the assailants were driven off with severe loss, that on the Union side being slight, the regiment having three killed and ten wounded. Abandoning TEE TWENTY-SIXTU REGIMENT. 397 tlic attempt to gain possession of that point, the Confederates di- rected their energies against Erashcar, which was captured the fol- lowing day. Four days later the force of which the Twenty-sixth formed part fell back 40 miles to Boutee and on the 30th to Jeffer- son Station, where it was in position to oppose as much as possible the expected movement against New Orleans from the direction of Bonaldsonville. It was a critical season ; General Emory, who was then in command at New Orleans, finding communication with General Banks before Port Hudson cut off so far as the Mississippi was concerned by hostile batteries a few miles below Donaldson- ville, while a force of the enemy hovered within a few miles of the city, sent urgent appeals to his chief for assistance. But the latter, while not insensible to the danger below, held valiantly on till the surrender of Port Hudson, when a force was immediately moved down the river to drive away the foe. The Twenty-sixth were therefore relieved from their outpost duty at Jefferson on the 15th of July and returned to the city, being ordered on the 28th of August to Baton Rouge, where all available troops of the department were being concentrated for an expedition against the Texas coast. The command embarked on the 2d of September and moving down the river proceeded as far as Sabine Pass, when owing to the loss of two important gunboats and other considerations the enterprise was abandoned and on the 12th the regiment was back again at New Orleans, landing at Algiers, on the opposite side of the river. It encamped there but three or four days when it began the movement " up the Teche," by which it was proposed to clear the enemy well away from the "back door of New Orleans." On the 23d it had reached Camp Bisland ; it rested there till the 3d of October, when it began the advance up the bayou, reaching 0[)clousas on the 21st. Halting there till the 1st of November it started on the return march ; but the column moved from point to point with long halts at every place of importance, and it was not till the 17th that the regiment arrived at New Iberia, half way from Opolousas to Brashear, where it went into camp, re- maining there till the close of the year. Early in January, 1864, the regiment moved to Franklin. 12 or 15 miles nearer Brashear, and there another long encampment took l)lacc. During this time many of its members re-enlisted, the Twentv-sixth leading all the Massachusetts resiiments in the number 398 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. of men who undei-took a second term, the total reaching 546. This great number was doubtless partially due to the fact that while the organization had been in service over two years, it had thus far lost but three men killed and ten wounded in battle. The preparations for the furlough of these re-enlisted men began on the 24th of February, when the regiment was ordered to New Orleans, and going by steamer Star Light to Brashear and thence by rail, arrived at the Crescent City the following day and was quartered in the Cot- ton Press, where it remained till the 22d of March. The veterans then embarked on the steamer Cahawba for New York, going thence by the Empire State to Boston, where they made a stop of but a few hours, going on to Lowell and receiving a furlough till the 4th of May. On the 20th of that month they reached New Orleans on the return, and the day following went into camp at Carrollton. The first call to active duty in the field was received on the 8th of June, when the command went aboard the steamer Grey Eagle and was transferred to Morganzia, some distance up the river. It remained there till the od of July, when it embarked on the steamer City of Memphis and returned to New Orleans, encamping there for a week, then took the Charles Thomas and sailed for Bermuda Hundred, where it debarked and went into bivouac on the 21st. From that time to the oOth it took part in various movements of a few miles each, indulging in some skirmishing with the enemy, but meeting no loss. It went aboard the steamer Sentinel on the 30th, and two days later landed at Washington, camping at Ten- nallytown, a few miles out, where it remained for two weeks. The Second Division, Nineteenth Corps, was on its way to join the First Division, which had been for some time operating against the Con- federate force under General Early, then in the Shenandoah Valley. A great change had taken place in the make-up of the division ; the Twenty-sixth were now in the Fii'st Brigade, which was commanded by General Henry W. Birge and composed in addition to the Twenty-sixth of the Ninth Connecticut, Twelfth and Fourteenth Maine, Fourteenth New Hampshire and Sevcnty-fiftli New York. Three additional brigades completed the division, which was com- manded by General Cuvier Grovcr, while General Emory com- manded the two divisions Avhich bore the corps name. The movement of the division toward the Shenandoah Valley be- gan on the 14th of August, and on the IGtli the column crossed the THE TWENTT-SIXTH REGIMENT. 399 Shenandoah river and camped at Berry ville. From that time the history of the Twenty-sixth Regiment becomes a part of that of General Sheridan's army, which fell back toward Charlestown on the ISth, and intrenched on the 21st in anticipation of an attack, which, however, did not reach the front of Grover's Division. That night the lines were drawn back to the vicinity of Ilalltown, a few miles nearer Harper's Ferry, and there the regiment remained for a week, advancing again to the vicinity of Charlestown and stop- ping till the 3d of September, when the Union army swung forward by the left Hank taking a position near Bcrryville, facing the Con- federates about Winchester. There the army remained till the 19th, when early in the morning the advance was made which brought on one of the most decisive engagements of the war. The brigade went into the battle of the Opcquan in two lines, the Twenty- sixth in the first line with Company I as skirmishers. Soon after- ward the left of the Nineteenth Corps and the right of the Sixth lost connection and the gap being discovered and entered by the enemy that portion of the line was temporarily broken, and the regiment with others was obliged to fall back in some disorder. It promptly rallied, however, at the first opjjortunity, and again went forward into the battle, taking part in the successful operations, later in the day when the Confederate army was sent " whirling through AVinchester." The loss of the regiment was heavy, though it cannot be given exactly, including 38 enlisted men killed and 11 officers wounded, of whom Major Clark died on the 17th of October and Captain Thayer on the 10th. The regiment took part in the subsequent movements against General Early, resting that night on the road south of "Winchester and following up the enemy to Fisher's Hill, where the two armies intrenched and confronted each other. A brilliant flank movement by the Eighth Corps dislodging the Confederates, the Nineteenth Corps followed up the retreat, the Twenty-sixth reaching Harrison- burg on the 2oth and on the 20th advancing to Mount Crawford. This was merely a demonstration, and the following day the regi- ment returned to Hai-risonburg, w^here it remained till the 6th of October, when it fell back by easy stages to Cedar Creek, where on the 10th the army took up and fortified a position. While resting here the original members of the Twenty-sixth who had not re- enlisted were sent home to Massachusetts for muster out, their 400 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. term of service bavins; expired. The veterans and recruits remain- ing were consolidated into a battalion of five companies, under command of Captain Chapman, who was soon after promoted to major and asiain to lieutenant colonel, Colonel Farr being mustered out with the original members. It was while lying here that the battalion shared in the battle of Cedar Creek, on the 19th of October, when after being surprised in the morning and driven from its camp in broken fragments, it had the satisfaction of returning in triumph at night, at the close of an obstinate and bloody -contest. The loss to the battalion on that day was three killed, 11 wounded and 16 captured. First Lieutenant Albert Tilden died of his wounds on the 21st. The Twenty-sixth were detailed for provost guard at General Sheridan's head-quarters a fcAv days later, and while thus engaged met with a serious loss on the 26th, Second Lieutenant Joseph McQuestion of Central Falls, R. I., with 45 men being surprised and captured by the Confederate cavalry while on duty with a forage train. On the 10th of Novem- ber the battalion retired to Kernstown, a few miles south of Win- chester, where it encamped till the 14th of December, when it was ordered to Winchester, which had been held by a brigade of the Sixth Corps up to that time. The routine duties there continued till the 1st of May, 1865, when the regiment was ordered to Wash- ington, and on reaching there next day encamped in the vicinity of Fort Stevens, being attached to the Second Brigade, First Divis- ion, Army of the Shenandoah. After a month in camp there the division was sent to Georgia, the Twenty-sixth embarking on the steamer Louisburg at Washing- ton on the 4th of June and landing at Savannah four days later. General Davis, the brigade commander, was made post commander at Savannah, and his brigade was assigned to duty there. The Twenty-sixth, after having encamped just outside the city for a few weeks, were brought in for guard and provost duty, which continued till the 2d of August. The battalion was then ordered to prepare for nnistcr out, but that did not take place till the 26th, and not till the 12th of September did the command set out for Boston. Its passage was by the steamer Emily to Hilton Head, thence to New York by the Empire State, and after a stop of two days in the metropolis by rail to Boston, the battalion repairing to (Jallop's Island on the evening of the 18th for final payment and discharge. THE TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. THE Twenty-seventh Regiment was made up from the four western counties of the state, under the call of September 1, 18()1, for five new regiments. The duty of recruiting and organizing the command was assigned to Horace C. Lee of Spring- field, who caused recruiting offices to be opened in ten of the prin- cipal towns of the district on the 10th, and in a few days several of the companies were well filled and Camp Reed at Springfield — so named in honor of Quartermaster General Reed of Massachusetts — situated a mile east of the National Armory, was designated as the place of rendezvous. Two companies arrived on the 19th, others followed in a day or two and the regiment rapidly took form, the last company reporting on the 24th. By the 27th some 770 men had been mustered in by Major Wemple, U. S. A., and on that day the field and staff officers were announced. The command was in- tended to form part of the " Sherman Expedition," and on the 7th of October received orders to leave on the 14th for the general ren- dezvous ; but this was impossible, as the regiment was not armed, eciuipped or fully recruited. The uniforms and p]nfield rifles were furnished on the 10th of October, the state and national colors were ])i'esented l)y Major Andrews, assistant commissary general of Mas- sachusetts, on the 18th, and on the 2oth the line officers received their commissions, bearing date of the IGth, and were mustered in. The roster was as follows : — Colonel, Horace 0. Leo of Springfield ; lieutenant colonel, Luke Lyman of Northampton; major, William M. Brown of Adams; sur- geon, George A. Otis of Springfield; assistant surgeon, Samuel Camp of Great Bavrington ; cliaplaiii, Miles Sanford of Adams ; adjutant, George W. Bartlett of Greenfield; qiiartermuster, William IL Tyler of Adams; sergeant major. Henry C. Dwight of Northampton; quarter- mnster sergeant, George ^L Bowker of Adams; commissary sergeant, Johnson J. Ellis of Lynn; hospital steward, George E, Fuller of Pal- 402 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. mer; principal musician, Linens C. Skinner of Amherst; leader of band, Ames Bond of S[)ringfield. Company A — Captain,Samuel C. Vance of Indianapolis, Ind. ; first lientenant, Mark H. Spaulding; second lieutenant, Edwin C. (Jlark, both of Northampton, Company B — Ca]itain, Adin W. Caswell of Gardner; first lieuten- ant, Parker W. McManus of I 'avenport, la.; second lieutenant, Lovell H. Horton of Athol. Company C, Greenfield — Captain, William A. Walker; first lieu- tenant, Joseph H. Nnttimr; second lieutenant, William F. Barrett. Company D — Captain, Timothy W. Sloan; first lieutenant, Ami K Deiinison, both of Amherst; second lieutenant, John S. Aitcheson of Chicopee. Company E — Captain, Gustavus A. Fuller ; first lieutenant, John W. Trafton, both of Springfield; second lieutenant, Luther J, Brad- ley of Lee. Company F — Captain, Lucius F. Thayer of Westfield; first lieuten- ant, John W. Moore of Tolland; second lieutenant, James H. Fowler of Westfield. Company G — Captain, R. Ripley Swift of Chicopee; first lieuten- ant, Peter S. Bailey of Springfield; second lieutenant, Frederick C. Wright of Northampton. Company H — Cajitain, Walter G. Bartholomew of S])ringfield; first lieutenant, Charles D. Sanford; second lieutenant, William H. H. Briggs, both of Adams. Company I — Captain, Henry A, Hubbard of Ludlow; first lieuten- ant, Edward K. Wilcox of Springfield; second lieutenant, Cyrus W. Goodale of Wilbraham. Company K, Springfield — Captain, Horace K. Cooler : first lieu- tenant, George Warner; second lieutenant, W. Chapman Hunt. The regiment was reviewed on the 1st of November by Governor Andrew, and the next day camp was broken, a train of 21 cars taking the command westward over the Boston and Albany railroad that afternoon. At Hudson, N. Y., the steamer Connecticut was boarded, by which Jersey City was reached at 1 p. m. the next day. Going thence by cars the Twenty -seventh reached Philadelphia at midnight, only to find the patriotic women of that city waiting with a bounteous entertainment at the Cooper Shop refreshment saloon where so many Union soldiers were fed and welcomed at all hours of the day and night during the entire period of the tvar. At Perryville next morning the regiment took precedence of several which were waiting for transportation and was hurried forward to Baltimore, where a part of the night Avas ])assed, Avhen the journey was continued by freight train to Annapolis, which was reached at 3 o'clock on the morninti; of the 5th. THE T]VENTY-SEVENTn REGIMENT. 403 After a few hours' rest at the Naval School the regiment estab- lished Camp Springfield, a mile west of the town, near which two regiments were already encamped. Others rapidly arrived until the 10 intended for the Burnside expedition had gathered and were formed into three brigades, of which the First, commanded by Gen- eral John G. Foster, consisted of the Tenth Connecticut, Twenty- tliird, Twenty-fourth, Twentyrfifth and Twenty-seventh Massachu- setts, with Belger's Battery F of Rhode Island in connection. Be- fore the regiment entered upon active service Major Brown resigned, Captain Bartholomew being promoted to the vacancy. For a few weeks the sick list of the Twenth-seventh was large, 13 members dying of disease before the regiment was ordered into service or being left behind at that time fatally ill. The orders to prepare for departure came on the 4th of January, 1862, the weather being severely cold, with considerable snow already upon the ground while more fell during the 5th. Camp Avas broken on the morning of the 6th, but after waiting all through the day and till 10 o'clock at night only the right wing succeeded in getting aboard the steamer Ranger at the Navy Yard, while the left passed the night in a neigh- boring building. At 3 o'clock the latter were aroused and taken by tugs to the bark Guerrilla. It Avas not till the morning of the 9th that the fleet of QG vessels bearing 15 regiments of infantry and 56 pieces of held artillery set sail under sealed instructions, which when opened directed that the vessels " when oil" Cape Hatteras, throw overboard ballast and run into the inlet." On the morning of the 13th, just as the fleet was oft" this entrance to Pamlico Sound, a severe storm arose, scatter- ing the fleet, wrecking some of the vessels and causing much loss and suffering. The Ranger succeeded in entering the inlet, where it was comparatively safe, but a barge in tow containing the camp and hospital supplies of the regiment was sunk and everything lost. The Guerrilla with 14 other vessels cast double anchors out- side in the attempt to ride out the storm there, while many craft were driven out to sea and did not return for a week. Tlic storm continued for two days, and it was not till late on the 15th that the Guerrilla could be towed into the inlet. The men had already suffered much from their crowded condition, the want of water and from sea-sickness, and owing to the demoralized condition of the ileet it was long before they could be made comfortable. 404 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. The fleet sailed for Roanoke Island on the 5th of February, but it was not till the morning of the 7th that the weather favored an attempt to land. Shortly before noon the gunboats engaged the forts, and at 3 o'clock the signal was given for the infantry to land. Major Bartholomew with a portion of the color company (K) seems to have been first ashore, but other commands were scarcely behind, and in a very few minutes some thousands had scrambled through the mud and swale to firm earth. Xo resistance to the landing was offered, and by midnight, with the exception of one regiment whose vessel had grounded and the detachments left in charge of the fleet, the entire force was ashore. Suffering from wet and cold, without blankets, the men stood in the deep mud all night, and hailed with joy the order to advance soon after sunrise next morning. Emerging from a pine thicket into an open field, the column re- ceived fire from Fort Defiance, a masked three-gun battery with a swamp in its front through which ran a corduroy road. The Twenty- seventh was the third regiment in the column and followed the Twenty-third toward the right of the field, the area of which was so limited that the regiment could only fire by companies : but this it did so effectively as to draw to itself the special attention of the enemy's artillery. Finally the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-third were ordered to flank the hostile position on the right, while Iveno's Brigade executed a similar maneuver at the left. For an hour Colonel Lee and his command struggled through swampy thickets which it was supposed a rabbit could hardly penetrate, finally ford- ing a stream, waist deep, beyond which lay the Confederate intrench- ments. Reno's Brigade was already doing its appointed work, and on seeing this new force the enemy fled, followed l)y Reno, while Foster's Brigade rested after their arduous toil. Very soon intelli- gence was received that the Confederates were trying to escape from the island, and the Twenty-seventh led the Avay to the assistance of Reno, the enemy being forced to the north of the island and to a complete surrender. The Twenty-seventh had lost in the action four men killed and 11 wounded, three fatally. The regiment remained on the island till the 11th, when, being without camp equipage it was ordered to re-embark on the Ranger and the Recruit. On the latter, on the following day. Captain Hubbard died of disease. General Burnside re-embarked his entire command with the exception of three regi- THE TWENTY-SEVENTH BEGIMENT. 405 ments on the 11th of March, and that night ran up the Ncuse river to the mouth of Slocuni creek, where the fleet anchored for the night, and next morning the forces debarked, taking up the march toward Newbern in a rain-storm. That night was passed by the Union troops within four miles of Newbern, and next morning the advance was resumed, but the hostile fortifications Avere soon en- countered, when the Twenty-seventh were thrown into line to the left of the turnpike, having the Twenty -fourth and Twenty-fifth on their right and Ihe Twenty-third at the left. On emerging from the woods in view of the intrenchments the regiment fired the first volley of. the battle, lighting in advance of the main line for some time, when it fell back to correct the align- ment, firing till its ammunition was exhausted and holding the posi- tion for some time with empty guns till relieved by the Eleventh Connecticut. Its loss had been seven killed and 78 wounded, among the former being Second Lieutenant Joseph W. Lawton of AVare, who had but recently received his commission. Before the men were supplied with ammunition the Confederates were driven from their works by a charge, in which the Twenty-seventh with empty guns joined. After the battle was ended by the complete discomfiture of the enemy the regiment was transported to the suburl)s of the town, and two days later — Sunday, the IGth — the comnuuid, armed and equipped, occupied one of the churches, where Chaplain Sanford, who had resigned his commission, pi-eachcd his farewell sermon. He was succeeded by Rev. C. L. Woodworth of Amherst. The Twenty-seventh occupied the former camp of the Seventh North Carolina Ilegiment, — a very excellent one, — which was re- named Camp Warner, in compliment to Lieutenant Warner, who had been wounded in the recent battle. On the 20th four compa- nies under Major Bartholomew advanced up the railroad to Batch- elder's Creek, pressing back the hostile cavalry and burning the bridge there. For some weeks the camp was occupied with no more exciting event than a reconnaissance or a tour of picket duty, and during this time several commissions were resigned, among them that of Assistant Surgeon Camp, who was succeeded by Peter E. llubon of Worcester. The regiment was ordered to Batchelder's Creek on the 3d of Alay, relieving the Twenty-third Massachusetts on outpost duty, and 406 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. remaining there till the 29th, when ordered back to camp. A re- view was held Jmie 20, and a reorganization of General Biirnside's command into three divisions was effected, each of the former bri- gade commanders taking charge of a division. The Twenty-seventh thus became with the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, Tenth Connect- icut and Ninth New Jersey the Second Brigade, First Division. Colonel Thomas G. Stevenson of the Twenty-fourth commanded the brigade and General Foster the division. But this arrangement was transient, as on the 5th of July General Burnside with the Second and Third Divisions was ordered to co-operate with the Army of the Potomac, driven back from before Richmond, leaving the North Carolina department under the command of General Foster. On the 6th the two brigades were reorganized, the First, commanded by Colonel Lee of the Twenty-seventh, consisting of his own regi- ment, the Twenty-third and Twenty-fifth Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut ; while Colonel Stevenson had the Second Brigade. Lieutenant Colonel Lyman was again placed in command of the Twenty-seventh by this arrangement. A reconnaissance was made to Trenton by Colonel Lee on the 25th and 26th, but after some skirmishing with the enemy's out- posts it was found that the place had been evacuated the day before the Federal column reached it. Other expeditions of less moment were made during the intense heat of the summer, a few being killed and wounded but more serious loss resulting from the exer- tion and exposure. At. the close of August the regimental band was mustered out in accordance with orders from the War De- partment. Two hundred recruits joined the regiment September 8, and the day after the companies were scattered on outpost duty — A, C and I under Lieutenant Colonel Lyman going to Washington, N. C, H and K remaining at Batchelder's Creek under Captain Cooley, while the other five companies under Major Bartholomew went to Newport Barracks, half-way to Beaufort. The latter place was in the midst of swamps and extremely unhealthy, so that in a short time a large part of the men were unable to do duty, Comi)any D at one time i-eturning a sick list of 68 out of a total of 98. First Lieutenant C. W. Goodale died of disease October 30. ]\hijor I^artholomcw's command left Newport on the 30th of Octo- ber, taking steamer at Newbern and reaching Washington, N. C, the following day. On the 2d of November an expedition was under- THE TW'ENTV-SEVE.Vrrf liEGlMENT. 407 taken ag'ainst Williainston, which was found practically deserted, and the column ])assed on to Rainbow Bluff, where strong hostile works were also found to be unmanned, going thence through Hamilton and tui-ning toward Tarboro, within a few miles of which the expedition was given up and the force returned to Plymouth, which was reached at noon of the 10th. Here the nuiin part of the regiment remained in charge of the artillery and baggage till the 2d of December. Learning of the location of a small detachment of hostile cavalry. Lieutenant Wood with 23 picked men set out on the 20th and at daybreak the following morning surprised and captured the entire force of 20 without loss. Assistant Surgeon Franklin L. Hunt of West Boylston, the highly esteemed post surgeon at Washington, who had been commissioned but three months before, was shot and mortally wounded by a bushwhacker on the Jamesville road, two miles from Washington, November 22. While the troops were so largely absent from Newborn, an attempt was made to capture the two companies posted at Batehcldcr's Creek ; but the assailants were driven back by the lire of Captain Cooley's command. The six companies of the Twenty-seventh under Major Barthol- omew reached Ncwbern on the 3d of December, and Colonel Lc'e's brigade was then composed of his own and the Twcnty-lifth Regi- ments of three-years' troops with three regiments of the new nine- months' men — the Third, Fifth and Forty-sixth Massachusetts. On the lllh the regiment joined in the " Goldsboro expedition," form- ing the rear guard at the beginning of the march, and it was not till the 17th, in the light at Goldsboro, that it was actively engaged. While the railroad bridge was burning the regiment assisted in tear- ing up the track, receiving a severe but inaccurate artillery fire. The brigade formed the rear guard when the Federal column, its purpose accomplished, began to retire, and it thus received the sharp attack made by Clingman's and Evans's Confederate Brigades. The Twenty-seventh took jtosition on the left of the field, and after the slackening of the Confederate lire advanced and drove the enemy from the woods, sustaining during the entire day a loss of but one man killed and two wounded. The exj)edition made the l)cst of its way back to Xewbern, being followed at a distance and occasionally shelled by the foe, but without damage. The various detachments of the Twentv-seventh were united under 408 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Lieutenant Colonel Lyman at Washington, but three weeks later Companies G and H were detailed for garrison duty at Plymouth. On the 30th of March General D. H. Hill opened the siege of Wash- ington with a force of some 15,000 men and 40 pieces of artillery. General Foster being in the place took command of the garrison, which consisted of eight companies each of the Twenty-seventh and Forty-fourth Massachusetts, two companies of the First Loyal North Carolina, one company of cavalry and the Third Ncav York Battery. With the gun-boats in the river the defenders had 28 can- non. The siege was prosecuted with great energy for 17 days, the Twenty-seventh defending the right of the line, being continually on duty and under fire, yet fortunately escaping with a loss of one killed and eight wounded. On the 13th of April the steamer Escort ran the blockade under a terrible fire, bringing the Fifth Rhode Island as reinforcements, and on the morning of the 15th she ran out carrying General Foster, who went to organize a relief expedi- tion, leaving General Potter in commaud. Next morning the enemy began to retreat and on the 23d Spinola's Brigade arrived. The Twenty-seventh being thus relieved returned to Newbern on the 25th, encamping on the Fair Grounds. Meantime Companies G and H at Plymouth were kept ever on the alert by the enemy. On the 23d of March Company H took part in a sharp skirmish at Wingfield, losing two killed and two wounded. In other enterprises of like nature officers and men from the regiment took creditable part. The eight companies had scarcely settled at Newbern when on the afternoon of the 27th they were ordered to take part in an expedition to Gum Swamp. Going by cars to Batchelder's Creek, they took up the march at 9 o'clock that evening in company with the Fifth Regiment and two companies of the Forty-sixth, the men carrying 100 rounds of ammunition. That night the regiment marched to Core Creek, where it waited till 1 o'clock the next day for a heavy rain-fall to cease, when it moved forward 13 miles further with Companies D and E as skirmishers, till the enemy were found posted in an earthwork near the railroad. The two companies joined with the supporting regiments in a charge, putting the enemy to rout and capturing a considerable numl)er of ])risoners, — the loss to the Twenty -seventh being but one wounded. Returning to th(! Creek over roads almost impassable, tlie i-egimcnt was sent out on the 30th by General 1. N. Palmer, THE TWENTY-SEVENTH BEGUIENT. 409 commanding the expedition, on a scout for guerrillas. None were foundj however, and next day the command was returned to New- bern by rail, where on the 8th of May, after it had moved into com- fortable barracks, it was rejoined by the two companies from Batchclder's Creek. The recent experiences of the regiment had been so trying that at this time a daily average of 280 men were under medical treatment. The brigade was sent out on the 21st to attempt the dispersal of a hostile force which had given some annoyance to the Union out- posts. The rendezvous was at Core Creek, whence the Twenty- seventh were sent to the Bridge, two miles distant, to report to Colonel Jones of the Fifty-eighth Pennsylvania. With the two regiments that officer worked his way for 13 hours through a most difficult swamp, till he gained a position in the rear of the Con- federate intrcnchments covering the Dover road and the railroad. "While four companies of the Twenty-seventh occupied the road, to intei'cept reinforcements and prevent the escaj3e of fugitives, three companies under Captain Sanford with two companies of the Penn- sylvanians, well supported, made a charge on the works, while the rest of the brigade, which had come up in front, attacked on the other side. The enemy broke to the swamp, but 170 prisoners were taken, with considerable camp property. The victors rested on the field for a few hours, during which the enemy rallied in force and some skirmishing ensued on the return, lasting till the Newborn outposts were reached, where the brave Colonel Jones was killed. The Twenty-seventh lost one killed and three wounded. The resignation of Lieutenant Colonel Lyman was accepted on the 28th of May, leaving the regiment in command of Major Bar- tholomew, who was presently promoted to the vacancy. Captain William A. Walker of Coinpany C becoming major. On the 6tli of June the regiment was detailed as provost guard in Ncwbcrn, Cap- tain Sanford being made provost marshal with Lieutenant Hunt ns assistant. Captain Bartlett was also made provost marshal of Beau- fort, while Colonel Lee was appointed provost marshal general of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina. General Foster taking command of the same department, with hoad-quarters at Fortress Monroe, the Dej^artment of North Carolina was placed under General John J. Peck. From the 4th to the 6th of July the regiment formed part of an 410 MASSACnUSETTS IN THE WAR. infantry force supporting a raid of the Third New York cavalry upon the "Wihnington and Weklon railroad, penetrating five miles beyond Trenton. Again on the ITth, with part of the Twenty-fifth Regiment, it crossed the Neuse river and went to Swift Creels, where it remained till the 20th in support of a cavalry expedition to Rocky Mount and Tarboro. On the 10th of October — one week after the Twenty-seventh had been relieved from duty in Newborn — General Foster directed the transfer of the regiments forming his original brigade to Virginia, and as Heckm?.n's Brigade the Twenty-third, Twenty-fifth and Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, Ninth New Jersey and Belger's Battery were' ordered to Newport News. The Twenty- seventh reached its destination the 18th, its new habitation being named Camp Hoffman, but ten days later General Foster was ordered to the Department of the Ohio, being succeeded by General Butler, by whom the regiment was returned to provost duty. Com- panies A, D and K at Portsmouth and the balance at Norfolk. During the winter special attention was given to the re-enlistm^nt of veteran soldiers, and so many of the Twenty-seventh re-enlisted as to insure the continuance of the regiment as a veteran organiza- tion. January 15, 1864, with 220 of these, Lieutenant Colonel Bar- tholomew left for home on a month's furlough, receiving a hearty reception at Springfield, and returning to duty at Norfolk, February 19. The first expedition of the spring took place March 4, when the regiment advanced beyond Magnolia Salt Sulphur Springs, on information that the enemy was approaching from the direction of Suffolk, but found no foe and returned on the 7th. The Twenty- seventh were relieved from provost duty on the 21st by the Fourth Rhode Island, with the exception of Company F and 50 men from other companies who remained, the former at Norfolk and the lat- ter as prison guard. The regiment marched to Julian's Creek in a severe snow-storm, resting in the tents of the Tenth New Hamp- shire over night and the next day building their own camp. During the winter 213 recruits had joined the command, and its total now reached 933. First Lieutenant Edward D. Lee of Templeton, an esteemed officer serving as adjutant, died of disease April 17. The Twenty-seventh was now part of General Heckman's (hence- forth known as the Red Star) Brigade, Second Division, Eighteenth Corps, Army of the James. General Butler commanded the army. General W. F. Smith the corps, General Weitzel the division. The TJIE TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 411 Twenty-seventh left Portsmouth hy the steamer Escort on the morn- ing of April 27, and at noon landed at Yorktown. After march- ing about for a time the l)rigade went by transports to near Williams- l)urg, landed again and marched aimlessly back and forth as a feint, ro-embaiking during the night of May 4 and returning with the entire licet to Fortress Monroe, whence on the 5th the vessels sailed ii[» tlio James liver to Bermuda Hundred where the Star Brigade debarked and advanced a mile inland to cover the landing of the army. Next morning the regiment started for Cobb's Hill, seven miles westward near the Appomattox, and finding no enemy in the vicinity the forces set to work constructing a line of defenses from that point to Dutch Gap Bend on the James, four miles distant, in- closing a roomy and favorable peninsula in the rear of the line. General Heckman was soon ordered to develop the position and force of the enemy, sending forward his brigade, with Companies A and H of the Twenty-seventh as skirmishers, supported l)y the rest of the regiment. At Mary Dunn's farm the Confederates were found in some force, and a sharp skirmish followed, in which tlie infantry firing on the Union side was all done by the Twenty-seventh, the rest of the brigade being formed in echelon in support. The fight continued till after dark, when the column returned to Cobl)'s Hill, the regiment having lost two killed and IG wounded, tin ee fatally. The da} following three columns of Federal troops by as many routes were advanced toward the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad. Heckman's Brigade formed the left, the Twenty-seventh leading, and at Dunn's farm the enemy were found in stronger force than on the 6th. There was no engagement at this point except artillery firing during the day. General Brooks in the center reach- ing and destroying a considerable portion of the railroad, and at night the troops returned to their intrenched line, the Twenty-seventh having lost five wounded, while 50 were affected by sun-stroke. Such were the battles of Dunn's Farm and Walthall Junction. A general advance toward Petersburg was ordered for the 9th, the Twenty-seventh leading with Companies E and I as skirmishers. Near Arrowfield Church the enemy were found in some force and an engagement at once began, the regiment forming on the right of the turnpike and with the Twenty-fifth on the left constituting the first line of battle. After an hour's hard fighting Haygood's South Carolina Brigade charged close up to the Union line when it re- 412 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. ceived two terrific Tollej'S which drove it back in confusion. The Twenty-seventh and the Ninth New Jersey at once joined in a coun- ter charge, driving back the disorganized brigade, Avhen the entire Union force moved forward and secured the field. In this battle the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-fifth South Carolina Regiments were opposed to the same numbers from Massachusetts, each brigade also containing a Twenty-third Regiment. The loss of the Twenty- seventh Massachusetts was five killed and 32 wounded, five fatally, including First Lieutenant Pliny Wood of Westficld. Next day the column again returned to its defenses at Cobb's Hill. A movement northward toward Richmond was begun on the 12th, almost simultaneously with a heavy rain-fall which lasted for four days. The Richmond road was reached at 9 o'clock Avhen skirmish- ing began, which continued at intervals through the day, tlie regi- ment having four wounded. The following afternoon some progress was made toward Drewry's Bluff, and on the 14th with Companies C and F as skirmishers the line was advanced to within 300 yards of Fort Stevens, an earthwork in front of Fort Darling and sep- arated from it by Kingsland Creek. The enemy's outposts having been captured, intrenchments were built during the 15th, and on these two days the regiment expended 80,000 cartridges in skirmish firing, losing 23 men wounded. On the afternoon of the 15th the brigade was transferred to the right of the army, taking position in Gregory's Woods, the order of the regiments from the right being : Ninth New Jersey, Twenty -third. Twenty-seventh and Twenty-fifth Massachusetts. Fort Darling was a mile and a quarter in front, and between the right of the brigade^ and the James river was a space of a mile or more occupied only by a thin picket line already ■ on duty for two days without relief. In this direction Coni])aiiy D were deployed as skirmishers, in front of the lino already estab- lished, by whose fire three men were wounded ; while the rest of the regiment devoted themselves vigorously to intrenching. The morning of the 16th brought a fearful disaster to Ileckman's Brigade. Under cover of a dense fog General Beauregai-d threw Ransom's Confederate Division of four brigades fiercely against the two Union brigades — Heckman's and Wistar's — east of the turn- pike. Three attempts to break the frail line by direct charge were made, but each time the assailants were repulsed with dreadful loss. Then the right was turned by a flank movement of Grade's Alabama THE TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 413 Briuadc ; a incssencier sent to warn Colonel Lee was killed before the message was delivered, and the first knowledge of danger to the regiment was the appearance in its rear of the First and Seventh Virginia Regiments of Kemper's Brigade with a demand for sur- render, emphasized by a volley. Most of the three left comi)anies, F, E and K, escaped and gave the alarm to the Twenty-fifth, and Company D on the picket line also succeeded in eluding the enemy ; but of the other companies a great majority were swept back to the Confederate lines, 120 of whom went to horrible deaths in the prison pens. The remnant of the Twenty-seventh, under command of Captain ]\[oore, did valiant service during the remainder of the day, and saw the enemy discomfited and driven back to their own lines, but the loss of the regiment had been fearful. Ten had been killed, 55 wounded, nine of them fatally, and 248 Avere prisoners, of whom 12 were wounded. Among the captured were Colonel Lee, Lieuien- ant Colonel Bartholomew and seven line ofiicers. General lleckman was also a jjrisoner. Among the killed was Captain C. D. Sanford, a fine officer and a young man of great promise. That night a return was made to the works at Cobb's Hill, and under the command of Major Walker, who had been absent on tem- porary leave at the time of the disaster, the regiment was reorgan- ized in three divisions — right, center and left — under the command respectively of Captain- Moore, Lieutenant Wright and Captain Bailey. General Stannard, in the absence of General Heckman, took command of the brigade, to which the Fifty-fifth rennsylvauia Regiment was added, and General Martindale relieved General Weitzel in command of the division. The Army of the James was now shut into its fortifications by the advance of the Confederates, and on the 2.3d a reconnaissance in which most of the survivors of the Twenty-seventh took part revealed the enemy in strong force at Bakehouse Creek. One man in the detachment was fatally wounded during the skirmish. Four divisions, of which Martindale's was one, were detached from the Army of the James on the 26th under General Smith to join the Army of the Potomac, and next day the remnant of the Twenty-seventh crossed the Appomattox on pontons, embarking from City Point on the 29th. Going by way of Fortress Monroe and up the York and Pamunkey rivers to White House Landing, the troops debarked on the morning of the 31st, halting late that night at New 414 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Castle. The march to this point was an error, the intention having been that the command should report to Cold Harbor, and for that place the weary column set out next morning. The day was in- sufferably hot, the roads very dusty, and the men weighted with four days' rations ; yet before 3 o'clock in the afternoon 20 miles had been made and the courage of the Twenty-seventh was so enduring that but four men had fallen from the ranks. The Army of the Potomac was then going into position for the Cold Harbor battles, and General Smith placed his command be- tween the Sixth Corps, forming the Union left, and the Fifth, some distance to the right. A part of his troops almost immediately made a charge and took some ground from the enemy, but in that movement the Twenty-seventh did not take part. Companies F and H, however, were deployed as skirmishers, and in that position the former lost two men wounded, one fatally. The rest of the regiment took a position on the front line about dark, and remained till morning of the 2d of June, when it was relieved, but while the men were getting breakfast it was ordered to the support of Bar- ton's Brigade, starting for the j^lace under the guidance of the aide who brought the order. While en route a heavy volley was re- ceived killing four and wounding 14, five fatally. The guide was not seen after the fire, and the regiment remained awaiting orders till afternoon, when it rejoined the brigade. In the murderous as- sault of the next morning the Twenty-seventh were first deployed as skirmishers and with the loss of two men killed drove in the Confederate outposts till the main lines appeared in front. They were then recalled and formed part of the first line of attack, press- ing forward under a frightful lire to the enemy's second line, Avhere the little conunand was almost annihilated, losing 15 killed. Go wounded and four taken prisonei'S. Five of the wounded were fatally hurt, and among the killed were the regiment's commander. Major Walker, Captain E. K. Wilcox, and Second Lieutenant Samuel Morse of Chicopee. Captain Wilcox was serving on Gen- eral Stannard's staff, but knowing that the charge was to be made placed himself beside his comrades and was killed while cheering them on. Of the 744 men who accompanied the colors of the Twenty-seventh from Yorktown, May 4, only 83 remained, and dur- ing the succeeding days at Cold Harbor this number was reduced by two of the five officers being killed, five men wounded and seven THE TWEyTY-HEVENTH REGIMENT. 415 taken prisoners. The officers lost were First Lieutenant F. C. Wright, acting- adjutant, and Edgar H. Coombs of Lee, who had re- ceived his commission as second lieutenant but had not been nuis- tcred. The brigade was strengthened while before Cold Harbor by the addition of the Eighty-ninth New YorV., and on the 12th of June orders were received for General Smith's command to return to White House Landing. That night the regiment — commanded since the death of Major Walker by Captain Caswell, who had been wounded but not dis- abled — marched 20 miles through the dust and sand to the Land- ing, embarking on transports which conveyed it to Broadway Land- ing on the Appomattox near Cobb's Hill, where the troops went ashore the evening of the 14th. Before morning, with the other troo])S under General Smith, it crossed the river on pontons to take part in the first movement against Petersburg. The brigade led its division by way of the Appomattox turnpike, engaging the skir- mishers of the enemy at 9 o'clock and driving them back till Ihe intrenched line was encountered, near Battery Five, the artillery fire from which wounded 11 men of the Twenty-seventh, one mor- tally. In the early evening, artillery from General Hancock's corps reached the scene and opened on the enemy, when a strong skirmish line was advanced and gained the coveted intrenchments. During the two succeeding days the regiment was engaged in maneuvering and skirmishing, and on the morning of the 18th at the general assault which was ordered it was directed to move fol'- ward, align with another regiment and charge. Under the com- mand of Captain Moore it advanced through a terrible fire until not an officer remained with it, and the gallant remnant struggled as near to the enemy's works, under the command of sergeants, as it was i)ossible for human valor to carry men. There they remained l)urrowing into the ground till darkness enabled them to steal away. The loss of the day had been 11 killed and 28 wounded, the latter including all the commissioned officers except First Lieutenant E. M. Jillson, who assumed command of the survivors. On the evening of the 19th the Eighteenth Corps was relieved and fell back to Point of Rocks, where numerous changes occurred. The Fifth Maryland Regiment was added to the brigade and its Colonel Fry took command, in place of General Stannard, assigned to a, division. Captain Bailey having returned to the Twenty-seventh 416 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. took command of the four line officers and 114 men present for duty, some returns having been made from details and hospitals. At the same time Chaplain Woodworth, to the general regret, re- signed his commission. On the 21st the regiment again returned to the -works in front of the doomed city, and from that time till the 24th of August it was under the command of various captains and lieutenants, engaged in the arduous and dangerous duties of the siege. During the time it had some 20 men wounded and two or three killed, having generally from 180 to 200 present for duty. "With the rest of the corps, it massed in rear of the Ninth at the explosion of the mine, July 30, and a few weeks later an attempt at reprisal was made by the enemy under a covered way occupied by the Twenty-seventh ; but fortunately the distance was misjudged, and the magazine was placed forward of the works intended to Ije destroyed, so that the defenders were only covered by dirt by the explosion. Early in the morning of the 25th of August the regiment Avas relieved from duty in the trenches and recrossed the Appomattox, encamping near Cobb's Hill once more. There it remained in amiable relations with the opposing picket lines till the 17th uf September, when steamer was taken and the command went that evening to Portsmouth, where Colonel H. C. Lee, finally released from rebel prisons, was awaiting his regiment. Through his in- fluence the men whose terms of service had nearly expired received permission to return at once to Massachusetts, the rest of the bri- gade having gone or being ordered to North Carolina. The home- ward bound detachment numbered 179, who under the command of Captain William McKay reached Springfield on the 28th and were enthusiastically received. On the 29th they wei*e mustered out of the United States service. The re-cnlisted men and recruits still composing the regiment in the field sailed by the steamer United States to Beaufort, N. C.,and on the 21st under command of Major Moore went into camp at Carolina City, where in the midst of yellow fever they remained till November 28, sulTering considerably from the disease. On that date camp was broken and the regiment, now commanded by Lieu- tenant Colonel Bartholomew, who had been exchanged, Avent to Beaufort where it performod provost duty till the 4th of December. It was then sent in light marching order to Newbern to take part THE TWENTY-HEVENTU REGIMENT. 417 in a movement against Rainl)o\v Bluff in support of the projected attack on Fort Fisher, near Wilmington. Battery A, Third New- York, were dismounted and consolidated for the time with the Twenty-seventh, and the force of some six regiments was com- manded by Colonel Frankle of the Second Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. The column started from Plymouth early in the morn- ing of December 9, the Twenty-seventh in the advance with the Ninth New Jersey. The enemy were encountered five miles out and pressed back to Foster's Mills, where they made a stand behind a creek, the bridge across w^hich had been destroyed. Under cover of artillery fire the bridge was repaired, wdien the foe fell back, the Twenty-seventh having lost one killed and one wounded during the engagement. That night the column camped at Williamston, where it remained the following day, but at night again advanced and sooil after midnight approached the Confederate position at Butler's Bridge. There the force was divided, the Twenty-seventh with the Ninth New Jersey by a roundabout way seeking the rear of the position, which they successfully gained, capturing the commandant with 130 of his garrison, and dispersing the rest, as well as a body of rein- forcements for whom they had at first been mistaken by the Con- federates. As the force could do no more for the want of supplies, a retrograde movement was made from point to point till Plymouth was reached. Early in January, 1865, the regiment was ordered back to Newbern, and after some perplexing and contradictory orders was finally assigned to outpost duty — six companies under Lieuten- ant Colonel Bartholomew at Rocky Run and the remainder under Captain McKay at Red House. Several changes occurred among the companies on this duty, and on the 15th of February 30 re- cruits were received, raising the total effective strength of the regi- ment to 20-1: men. General Schofield with the Twenty-third Corps having entered North Carolina and begun an advance in co-operation with that of Oeneral Sherman through the Carolinas, the Twenty-seventh with the Fifteenth Connecticut under command of Colonel C. L. Upham, forming the Second Brigade, Second Division, district of Beaufort — was ordered on the 3d of March to report in light order at Core Creek. From that point a column under General Cox advanced on the 6th, the Twenty-seventh leading as skirmishers during the dav. 418 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. On the 7th the regiment was not engaged while the column was ad- vancing with some fighting to Wise Forks, but the following day, when Southwest Creek had been gained, rumors were received that a flank attack might be expected, and the Twenty-seventh were posted across British road to guard against that danger. While thus isolated, with only the Fifteenth near, they were attacked and almost surrounded by Hoke's Division. A most gallant defense was made, the little band holding its antagonists at bay for almost an hour, and malcing desperate efforts to extricate itself, finally rallying about its colors after two standard-bearers had been shot down and fighting till the foe swept over and captured such as sur- vived, only the stretcher-bearers, six or seven in number, escaping. Seven had been killed, 40 wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel Bartholomew severely, and 147 captured. All the wounded with a single exception fell into the hands of the enemy. The captives were marched to Libby Prison at Richmond, from which they were paroled, and on reaching the Union lines were given a month's furlough to Massachusetts. There was still left in the service a nucleus bearing the regimental name, which in a short time by the addition of convalescents and recruits numbered some 30, and this handful was engaged in guard duty and kindred detail till the 26th of June, when it was mustered out of the service at Newbern and left for Massachusetts. Readville was reached on the 7th of July, where the final papers were prepared, and on the 19th the Twenty-seventh Regiment was paid off and formally disbanded. THE TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. THE Twenty-eighth Regiment, lilce the Ninth, was composed principally of men of Irish birth or descent, and was organ- ized at Camp Cameron, Cambridge, where it went into camp September 22, 1861. Most of the ofiicers were commissioned from October 8, but the companies Avere not ready for the mustering ofiicer till the 13th of December, and additional detachments were added during the month to make up the complement of the regi- ment. The roster of ollicers was as follows : — Colonel, William Monteith of New York City ; lieutenant colonel, Maclellaud Moore ; major, George W. Cartwright ; surgeon, Patrick A. O'Connell, all of Bostou; assistant surgeon, George W. Snow of Chel- sea ; chaplain, Nicholas OTirien of lloxbury; adjutant, Charles H. Sanborn of Boston; quartermaster, Addison A. Hosmer of WcstBoyls- ton; sergeant major, Levi C. Brackett of Boston; quartermaster ser- geant, Edmund J. Eeed of Sbrcwsbury; commissary sergeant, William C. Oliver of Boston; leader of band, Samuel Curry of Salem. Gom])any A — Captain, Andrew P. Caraher of Lynn; first lieuten- ant, Humphrey Sullivan; second lieutenant, Jeremiah W. Coveney, both of Cambridge. Company B — Cajitain, Lawrence P. Barrett; first lieutenant, William J. Lemoyne; second lieutenant, Josiali F. Kennison, all of Boston. Company C — Captain, John H. Brennan; first lieutenant, James Magee; second lieutenant, William H. Klynn, all of Boston. Com]iany D — Captain, Andrew J. Lawler; first lieutenant, Hugh P. Boyle, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Florence Buckley of Xatick. Company E — Captain, Samuel Moore; first lieutenant, James ]\[c- Ardle; second lieutenant, John Carleton, all of Boston.- Company F — Cai:)tain, Jolin Eiley of Boston; first lieutenant, Ben- jamin F. Bartlett of Chelsea; second lieutenant, Alexander Barrett of Boston. ■ Company O — Captain, Alexander Blan ey of Natick; first lieutenant, William Mitebell; second lieutenant, James Devine. both of Boston. t'onipauy H — Cajitain, John A. ^fcDonald of Holden; first lieu- tenant, James O'Keefe; second lieutenant, Nicholas J. Barrett, both of Worcester. 420 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company I — Captain, George F. McDonald; first lieutenant, Moses J. Emery, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Edmund H. Fitzpatrick of NcAv Bedford. Company K — Captain, John J. Cooley ; first lieutenant, John Ahern, both of Milford; second lieutenant, John Killian of Eoxbury. The regiment left Camp Cameron January 11, 1862, going to Fort Columbus, New York harbor, where it remained till the lltli of February. It then embarked on the steamer Ericsson for Hilton Head, off the South Carolina coast, which had been occupied the previous autumn by Union troops. The destination was reached on the 23d, and the regiment debarked and went into camp, though not at the time brigaded, being attached to General Thomas W. Sherman's " Expeditionary Corps," then in occupation of the coast islands, with head-quarters at Port Royal. The regiment was transported on the 7tli of April to Dawfuskie Island, marching the following day to the upper end opposite Fort Pulaski. Companies A and K were detached for service at Jones and Bird Islands, Savannah river, being relieved ten days later by Companies D and I, which remained till May 6. Colonel Monteith with the five companies of the right wing was ordered on the 12th to Tybee Island, Georgia, the companies returning on the 28th under command of Major Cartwright, the colonel having been placed under arrest by General Hunter. He did not again return to the regiment, resigning at Newport News August 12. Just before the return of the right wing the left had been ordered back to Hilton Head, and on the 30th the whole regiment under command of the lieutenant colonel left the latter ])lacc for James Island, Avhere it landed on the 1st of June, having been made part of the First Bri- gade, General Isaac I. Stevens's (Second) Division, the other regi- ments of the brigade being the Seventh Connecticut and Eighth Michigan, Colonel Fcnton being the brigade commander. Some skirmishing ensued, by which the Twenty-eighth had five men wounded, and early in the morning of the IGth an attack was made on the Confederate works near Seccssionvillc, known as Fort Johnson. The only avenue of approach to the stronghold was by a narrow causeway and dciiloyment immediately in front of the hostile works, and the regiment strove faithfully to obtain a position whence it could make an attack or co-operate in the firing ; l)ut owino- to the nature of the around and the mingling of the different THE TWENTY-EIGIITU BEGUIENT. 421 commands it became necessary to withdraw the Twenty-eighth with other trooi)s that their lines might be reformed. This had been done and the command was ready for a renewal of the attack when General Benham, in command of the field, relinquished the pur- pose. The loss of the eight companies engaged, A and F being on detail, was 70, of whom 18 were killed or mortally wounded. Re- turning to camp, the regiment remained on the island till the 6th of July, when it was taken l)ack in the transport Ben Deford to Hilton Head. At that time General Hunter had been called upon to for- ward all troops which could be spared from his department for the reinforcement of the Army of the Potomac, and on the 12th of July six regiments under command of General I. I. Stevens, including the Twenty-eighth, embarked for Fortress Monroe, landing at New- port News on the 18th. These regiments were assigned to General Burnside's command — the Ninth Corps — and organized as the First Division, comprising three brigades of two regiments each. The Twenty-eighth with the Seventy-ninth New York formed the Third Brigade, commanded by Colonel Addison Farns worth of the Seventy-ninth, General Stevens continuing as division commander. A week later Lieutenant Colonel Moore resigned, leaving ]Major Cartwright, who was soon })romoted to the lieutenant colonelcy, in command of the Twenty-eighth. Active campaigning began after some two weeks of waiting and preparation. Embarking on the steamer Merrimac on the 3d of August, the regiment was taken to Acquia Creek, where it landed on the 6th, going at once to Fredericksburg, in which vicinity it en- camped until the l"2tli. Then it marched to join General Pope's Army of Virginia, near Culpeper, crossing the Rappahannock to Falmouth, ascending the river to Rappahannock Station, recrossing there to the south side and continuing the journey, bivouacking on the night of the loth some seven miles south of Culpeper. Next day the march was continued to the vicinity of Raccoon Ford on the Rapidan, where the command remained till the night of the 18th. During this time it bade adieu to its brass-band, which was mustered out of service in obedience to the general orders dismiss- ing regimental bands. Until the disastrous Second Bull Run bat- tle at the close of the month, the regiment spent much of the time marching back and forth over the country, going on the 19th to Barnett's Ford on the Rappahannock ; next day to Ely's Ford, cross- 4i:2 MASSACHUSETTS AV THE WAB. ing the river on the 21st in support of a cavalry skirmish, return- ing during the night and taking up the march to White Sulphur Springs ; thence on the 25th to Warrenton, starting back the same night toward Warrenton Junction, going on the 27th to Manassas Junction and next day to Centcrville. The battle opened on the 29th and the Twenty-eighth marching to Bull Run, six miles, were ordered to support a battery, which they did during the day. That night they were shifted to the left of the field, taking position in front of a forest held by the enemy, into which they were ordered the next afternoon, receiving and re- turning a severe fire, continuing to advance till orders were received to fall back, after which position was again taken in support of a battery. There the command remained till the close of the day's fighting, when with the rest of the army it fell back to Centerville, having suffered a loss of 18 killed, 109 wounded, including Major Cartwright, and eight missing. Captain Caraher temporarily as- sumed command. Second Lieutenant Flynn was among the killed. The day after the battle the regiment was on picket, and Septem- ber 1, with other troops, started toward Manassas, marched a few miles and then returned. Moving back on the road to Fairfax Court House, the two divisions of the Ninth Corps, commanded by General Reno, with Kearny's Division of the Third, met and checked the movement of the Confederate General Jackson threat- ening the Union right flank and rear, fighting the battle of Chan- tilly. That battle was brief, ending at dark in a heavy rain. Gen- erals Stevens and Kearny being killed and their commands suffer- ing severely, but the intentions of the enemy were thwarted and Pope's army was saved from an additional disaster. The Twenty- eighth with their division drove in the enemy's pickets and then pressed the main line back through a piece of forest toward Ox Hill, in which brief engagement their loss was 15 killed, including Second Lieutenant Alexander Barrett, 79 wounded and five missing. It was decided next day to withdraw the army Avithin the de- fenses of Washington, and the Twenty-eighth, which had bivouacked near the field of battle, marched by way of Fairfax Court House to Alexandria ; thence on the 5th crossing to Washington and encamp- ing on Meridian Hill. General McClcllan had again taken com- mand, and even during the march northward, which began on the 7th, the work of reorganization went on. General Reno retained TUE TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 423 fommandof the Ninth Corps, to which a Third Division was added; (Joncral 0. B. Willcox succeeded the fallen Stevens in command of the First Division, which was reduced to two brigades, the Twenty- eighth being assigned to the Second, under command of Colonel Thomas Welsh. Going by way of Leesboro, Brookville and Frede- lick, the regiment on the 14th reached South Mountain, but did not taivc an active part in the battle in which the commander of the corps lost his life. General Reno was succeeded as corps com- mander by (Jcncral J. D. Cox, whose "Kanawha Division" was also tcnijiorarily attached to the Ninlh Corps. The Twenty-eighth supported a battery during the afternoon, and at night went on picket, losing during the engagement six men Avounded. The following day the regiment marched to near Antietam Creek, and during the 16th was on picket. The plan of the battle of the 17th at lirst contemplated placing Willcox's Division as the reserve of the Ninth Corps, and that arrangement was made ; but early in the afternoon it was found when an advance was ordered that the Second Division, General Sturgis, which had led the crossing at the " Burnside bridge," was out of ammunition and had suffered too much to take part, and Willcox was ordered to relieve it. The movement across the bridge was made under lire, and at 3 o'clock, after having lain exposed to the enemy's artillery for an hour, an advance was ordered. A fierce contest ensued, but the Confeder- ates were too strong in men and position and the troops of the Ninth Corps fell back toward the cr(;ek, where they bivouacked for the night. Out of less than 200 taken into action the Twenty-eighth lost 12 killed, including Second Lieutenant N. J. Barrett, and 36 Avounded. During the 18th the regiment was on the skirmish line, exchanging shots with the enemy but meeting no loss ; on the 19th, Lee having made his retreat into Virginia, it marched some three miles, to the Potomac, remained there till the 22d and then with the rest of the corps took position near Antietam L-on Works. Then followed a ])eriod of rest and recuperation after the arduous campaigning of a month, during which four important battles had been fought. On the 2d of October the regiment crossed the mount- ains into Pleasant Valley, near Harper's Ferry, where it remained till the 15th, when during two days it marched to Nolan's Ferry on the Potomac, some 15 miles from Harper's Ferry. There it en- camped for two weeks, and on the 18th its new colonel, Richard 424 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. B}' rnes, a lieutenant in the Fifth United States Cavalry, arrived and took command. Captain Caraher was made major, dating from July 26. Camp was broken for the movement into Virginia on the 30th, when the regiment forded the Potomac at Point of Rocks and ad- vanced to Waterford. Thence on the 2d of November the route led by slow stages through Harmony, Philemont, Upperville, Rector- ville, Orleans, Waterloo, to White Sulphur Springs and Rappahan- nock Station, thence down the Rappahannock, through Hartwood Church and Falmouth, tents being pitched nearly opposite Fred- ericksburg on the afternoon of the 19th. General McClellan had been relieved of the command of the Army of the Potomac, Burn- side being his successor. Among the changes which followed was the transfer on the 23d of the Twenty-eighth Regiment from Colonel Welsh's brigade to the Second Brigade, First Division, Second Corps, known as the Irish Brigade and commanded by General Thomas F. Meagher. General Hancock commanded the division and General Couch the corps, which with the Ninth formed under General Sumner the Right Grand Division of the army. The other regiments of the brigade were the Sixty-third, Sixty-ninth and Eighty- eighth New York and One Hundred and Sixteenth Pennsylvania. Preparations for the battle were completed on the morning of the 11th of December, and camp was broken early. Owing to the de- lay in laying the bridges, the regiment bivouacked near the river that night, crossing the following morning, and remaining in the streets of Fredericksburg till noon of the 13th. Then the order was given to attempt the capture of the hights in rear of the city. French's Division led, supported by Hancock's and later l)y How- ard's. The Irish Brigade formed the second line of its division, moving out from the city and across the canal, deploying, advancing, gaining a position scarcely 60 paces from the hostile lines, where it received without faltering a fire which swept down more than half its members; it endured all that human heroism could endure, — then the shattered fragments drifted back. The loss to the Twenty- eighth was 110 killed and woimdcd, among the dead being Second Lieutenants John Sullivan and William Holland, both of Miiford. That night the remnant of the brigade recrossed the river, l)ut i-c- turned to Fredericksburg the following day and remained till the Union troops were finally withdrawn during the night of the 15th. Winter quarters and some montlis of com[)arative inaction ensued. THE TWENTY-EIGHTH liEGIMENT. 425 In addition to the officers killed in battle during the year, First Lieutenant Boyle had died of disease at Hilton Head, May 31. The winter camp was broken on the 27th of April, 1863, Avhen the regiment marched to United States Ford on the Rappahanu(jck and performed picket duty in that vicinity till the army was ready for the crossing on the 30th, then moving forward with the rest of the corps till the night of the 1st of May. The brigade was placed at Scott's Mills, a point some five miles from Chancellorsvillc, where it remained till the morning of the 3d with no active duty save that of arresting some of the fugitives from the broken Eleventh Corps on the night of the 2d. Meagher's Brigade was then ordered to the front to support the Fifth Maine Battery, which was (iorcely engaged when the troops arrived. In a short time nearly every man belonging to the battery was killed or wounded, when the brigade sprang to the guns, checked the Confederates who were advancing for their capture and drew the pieces from the field by hand. In this short episode, which was its most important part in the battle, the Twenty-eighth Regiment lost ten men killed and wounded. That night it moved some two miles down the i)lank road, a part of its number euii'aging in the construction of a new line of defenses while the rest went upon picket, and thus the time was emj)loyed till the retreat of the army to the north side of the Bapi)ahannock was decided on and carried out in the early morning of the (Uh. A few days after the battle General Meagher resigned command of the brigade, which had become reduced to a few hundred present for duty, and was succeeded by Colonel Patrick Kelly of the Eighty- eighth. The old camps, which had been reoccupied after the bat- tle, were quitted for more healthful quarters, and there the brigade awaited the next move on the great chess-board, — which proved to be the Gettysburg campaign. On the 13th of June the Twenty- eighth went on picket at Deep Run, but at night of the following day took up the march toward Stafford Court House, continuing on to Dumfries, Occaquan Creek and Centcrville, whence on the 20th the regiment marched to Thoroughfare ilnp, going at once on picket and remaining with a single change of location till the morning of the 2")tli. Then it moved to Green Springs, closely followed l)y the enemy, Init without serious fighting, stopped for a night and late the next evening crossed the Potomac at Edwards Ferry, the route thence including Poolesville, Brownsville, Urbana, the Monocacy 426 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. river, Frederick, Liberty and Uniontown. The latter place was reached late at night of the 29th, and there the regiment remained till the morning of July 1, when it marched to Taneytown, halted for a short time and continued on to within a few miles of Gettys- burg, where it bivouacked for the night. One day of the great, battle had passed before it reached the field of action, but on the morning of the second day it joined forces with the troops already in position along Cemetery Hill, the First Division, of which it formed a part, under the command of General Caldwell, constituting the left of the Second Corps and connecting with the Third under General Sickles. When the attack of Long- street on the Third Corps was delivered that afternoon, Caldwell's Division was advanced in two lines, of which the brigades of Cross and Kelly formed the first. A fine attack was delivered, and the enemy were driven back, but the flanks of the assaulting column were not covered and were soon almost enveloped by the Confeder- ates. After an obstinate fight the division was extricated, having suffered heavy loss. On the third day the regiment assisted in re- pelling the attack upon the Union center, which in its front was not delivered with great vigor. Its loss during the two days reached 101 in killed, wounded and missing. When it became evident on the 5th of July that the enemy had retreated, the Twenty-eighth, with other troops, marched as far as Two Taverns, halted there till the morning of the 7th and then moved by way of Taneytown to near Frederick. Thence passing through Crampton's Gap and Keedysville to Jones's Cross Roads, on the 10th, the regiment with a few changes of position remained awaiting the expected battle till the 14th, when it Avas found that Lee's army had retired into Virginia. The brigade advanced toward Falling Waters, but encountered no foe, bivouacked there for the night, and the 15th marched by way of Sharpsburg and the Antie- tam to near Harper's Ferry, passing that night on the canal tow- path. The next day the command encamped in Pleasant Valley, a few miles di^ant, stopped there till the 18th and then l)egan a movement into Virginia in pursuit of the Confederate army. That day's march was through Harper's Ferry and some miles uj) Loudon Valley, thence by easy stages to Snicker's Gap, l^Ioomficld, Asliby's and Manassas Gaps, Markham and White Plains to Warrenton Junc- tion, which was reached on the 26th. Halting there till the 30th, THE TWENTY-EIGHTH BEGIMENT. 427 the reo-imcnt miii-ched. to the vicinity of Morrisvillc and encamped some live miles li-om Kelly's Ford, where with two changes of camp it remained during the month of August ; marching on the 31st to the vicinity of United ^States Ford, it bivouacked till the 4th of September, when it returned to the former camp where it remained till the 12th. It then with its corps marched to Rappahannock Sta- tion in support of the movement of Buford's cavalry, which resulted in driving the enemy's outposts across the Rapidan. In consequence, the Twenty-eighth marched through Culpeper on the 15th and fol- lowing the railroad encamped that night near the Rapidan. That river then became the dividing line between the two armies, and the regiment remained in that vicinity, much of the time on picket, till the Gth of October, when it moved back some miles to the north of Culpeper, stopj)cd there for three days, advanced a few miles and then marched rapidly to the north, passing Brandy Station, crossing the Rappahannock and going into camp near Bealton. Then followed the'sharp series of maneuvers for position between the two armies, comparatively bloodless but displaying fine generalship on both sides. The Second Corps left camp on the 12th and crossed the Rappa- hannock at Rappahannock Station in support of the cavalry. Re- crossing during the night, the column moved with little halt till Auburn was reached a few miles north of Warrenton Junction, where the night of the 13th was passed. Early next morning, while preparing Ijroakfast, the regiment with other troops of its division was opened on by hostile artillery from the rear, and hastily formed line of battle ; but the shrewd Confederate General Stuart, who had allowed his cavalry to penetrate between parallel columns of the Union army and pass the night in that critical situation, succeeded in extricating his troopers during the confusion caused by a dem- onstration against the front of Caldwell's Division by Ewell's Con- federate corps, to which knowledge of the strait of Stuarfhad been sent. The Twenty-eighth were de})loyed as skirmishers and then as flankers accom})anied the Union column northward. Late in the day as Bristoe Station was reached a fight was found to be in progress between the leading divisions of the Second Corps and a force under General A. P. Hill consisting of Heth's and Anderson's Divisions. The attem})t of the Confederates to cut the Union army in two hav- ing failed, the fighting was abandoned at dusk, the Twenty-eighth having been under artillerv lire but without loss; at 10 o'clock the 428 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. march was resumed, Bull Run being crossed at Blackburn's Ford, three miles beyond which, General Meade having reached a satis- factory position, the corps was disposed in order of battle, and till the 19th remained in constant expectation of an attack. General Lee, having failed to obtain the advantage of position for which he hoped, decided not to trust to an engagement and when on the morning of the 19th it was found that he had moved south- ward again the Twenty-eighth with other troops turned their steps in the same direction. In two days Auburn was reached, and on the 23d the regiment changed camp to Warrenton, where it re- mained till the 7th of November, when in support of the attack by the Fifth and Sixth Corps on the Confederate outposts at Rappa- hannock Station it marched to Kelly's Ford, crossed the Rappahan- nock at that point the following morning and during the day ad- vanced in line of battle some seven miles, finally bivouacking for two days at Perry Hill. On the 10th it was detached from the bri- gade and detailed for special duty at East View, four or five miles from Brandy Station, where it remained till the 26th, when it joined in the Mine Run campaign. Meeting its brigade at Germania Ford, it there crossed the Rap-« idan, advanced some distance on the Gordonsville Plank road, and next morning moved forward to Robertson's Tavern. During the afternoon line of battle was formed in the face of the enemy, who next morning was found to have withdrawn to a stronger position. After a day of inaction, the regiment on the morning of the 29th took up the march by way of Robertson's Tavern several miles to the left, reaching the Orange Plank road, when the enemy was presently encountered. The Twenty-eighth were deployed as skir- mishers, and in the engagement which followed pressed the hostile pickets back for some distance to the crest of a hill, losing five men wounded. They held the picket line thus established till evening of the next day, when it was relieved and with the brigade went to the rear as guard to the ammunition train. The purpose of battle being abandoned by General Meade on account of the enemy's strong position and the severe cold weather, the return march was begun at night of the l.st of December. The regiment crossed the Rapidan early in the morning of the 2d, marched that day to Perry Hill, stopped there till the 5th, going then to Stevensburg, where a few days later the winter camp was established. THE TWENTY-EIGHTH liEGIMENT. 429 During the winter much effort was made to increase the numbers of the o]-ganization, so that at the opening of the Wilderness cam- paign it took the field with 20 officers and 485 men present for duty. Major Caraher having the ])revious autumn been transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, Captain Lawler was promoted to the vacancy. The reorganization of the army to three corps did not affect the name or number of the Irish Brigade ; but the division was now commanded by General Francis C. Barlow and the brigade by Colonel Thomas A. Smyth. Many of the members had re- enlisted during the winter, and at the opening of the campaign Colonel Byrnes was still in the Bay State gathering recruits for his command, which he presently' returned to lead through the bloody scenes awaiting it. The camp at Stevensburg was broken at night of the 3d of May, 1804, and the southward march began. The Rapidan was crossed and the old battle-field of Chancellorsville was reached on the after- noon of the 4tli. Thence to Todd's Tavern the regiment moved as flankers, — a very diflicult position owing to the nature of the ground. The following day General Hancock was called back to the assistance of the other corps, which had encountered Lee's army in the Wilderness, and in the formation of his command near the Brock road General Barlow's division was placed at the left of the line. As the fighting progressed the division became sharply en- gaged, Smyth's Brigade doing valiant service and driving back the enemy's right, though at heavy loss. That of the Twenty-eighth was 10 killed, 67 wounded and 15 missing, — the casualties includ- ing Cai)tains James A. McTntire of Lynn killed and Charles P. Smith of Northampton mortally wounded. In the remainder of the battle of the Wilderness, in the movement to Spottsylvania and the engagement on the Po river, including almost constant skirmish- ing and fighting up to the 11th, the regiment had its full share, losing during that time seven killed, 23 wounded and four missing. During the night of the 11th the cprps marched to the left and massed in an open field for an assault next morning on the left center of the enemy's lines, near " The Angle," Barlow's Division having the center of attack, Smyth's Brigade being in the second line. At daylight the charge was ordered, and the column swept into the Confederate works, making one of the most brilliant and successful charges of the war. But it was not a bloodless victory. 430 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAR. for the Twenty-eighth alone lost ten killed, 40 woimclcd and one missing, and the charging lines being much broken and disorgan- ized by the onset were replaced by other troops which carried on the stubborn light which ensued all through that day and the suc- ceeding night. From that time till the 17th the regiment was skir- mishing, marching or intrenching almost continuously, in the efforts to find a vulnerable point in the Confederate lines. During the night oi the 17th the corps was again massed for assault near the scene of the former exploit, and the charge was made at daylight of the 18th, but the result was very different. The enemy's first line was penetrated, but there the success ended, and the assailants ■were forced to withdraw with serious loss. The Twenty-eighth held on to what they had gained till noon, under an enfilading fire, when they fell back, having lost 11 killed and 29 wounded. Major Lawler and Captain James Magner of St. Peter, Minn., were among the dead, and Captain William F. Cochrane of West Roxbury died of his wounds two days later — all of whom were among the most valued officers of the organization. The movement of the Second Cor|)s from Spottsylvania toward the south began during the night of the 20th, and on the 24th the North Anna river was crossed, the regiment remaining under arms in an open field for two days, the first under an intense heat and the next in a severe storm. The river was recrossed on the 26th, an all-night march followed, Avith little rest till noon of the 28th, when the command bivouacked beside the Pamunkey river. In the skirmishing which followed in that vicinity it lost one killed and two or three wounded. On the 1st of June, as the main bodies of the two armies confronted each other at Cold Harbor, General Han- cock was ordered to march to the extreme left of the Union army and prolong the lines in that direction, and after a very trying march the indicated position was occupied and intrenched. On the morning of the 3d the regiment joined in the general attack, being in the second line. A salient was struck and captured, with some prisoners, but could not l)e held owing to the terrible fire from the main line ))eyond and the determined attem])ts made for its re- capture. The Union troops were forced out, taking such shelter as the ground afforded and later in the day retiring to their intrench- ments. The loss to the Twenty-eighth — more deeply felt from the fact that owing to their position they were unable to take any active THE TllEXTY-EIGHTU REGIMENT. A?A part in the l)attle — was ten killed, 46 wounded and one missing-. A sad loss for tiie conmuiud was that of Colonel Byrnes, who died of his wounds nine days later at Washington. First Lieutenant J ames B. West of Chelsea was also fatally wounded, dying- the next day. The regiment remained in the works before Cold Harbor, con- fronting the enemy but without further loss, till the movement across the James was decided upon, and the march began during the 12th of June. Late in the afternoon of the loth the corps had reached the river at Wilcox's Landing ; the following day it crossed by transports, and during the forenoon of the 2oth began the march toward Petersburg, though owing to some blunder no rations had been furnished. On the afternoon of the 16th Barlow's Division made an attack on the intrenchments in its front, supported by other troops, and gained some ground. In this assault Colonel Kelly, commanding the Irish Brigade, was killed, and the loss of the Twenty-eighth was three killed, 14 wounded and two missing. In 'the attacks of the two following days the regiment was in sup- port, neither actively engaged nor suffering loss. On the 20th it was transferred from the Second to the First Bri- gade of the division, General Nelson A. Miles being the new com- mander, and the day following took part in the movement of the Second Corps to the left, crossing the Jerusalem Plank road and threatening the Weldon Railroad. On the march the regiment was deployed as flankers, and on the 22d as skirmishers did much to cheek the success of Mahone's Division, which had penetrated be- tween the Second and Sixth Corps and attacked Barlow's Division on the flank and rear. For its steadfastness on this occasion the regiment received the thanks of brigade and division conmianders. Its loss was 11, of whom one was killed. From this lime, for more than a month it took })ai't in no engagement, being on picket and performing fatigue duty. At evening of the 26th of July, under command of Caj)tain James Fleming of Boston (soon after commissioned major), the regiment left camp, crossed the Appomattox and James rivers, and the following morning reached Deep Bottom, the movement being made by the Second Corps and Sheridan's cavalry in the hope of finding the enemy's lines in that quarter insecurely held. Soon after daylight the Twenty-eighth were deployed as skirmishers, en- countering the enemy, and getting upon their flank drove them from 432 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. a line of intrenchments, capturing some prisoners and four cannon. During the rest of the day the regiment was on the picket line, and on the 28th, falling back to the Newmarket road, assisted in building intrenchments. Its loss on the expedition was two killed and two wounded. The column returned to the south side of the Appomattox on the night of the 29th, and after stopping in support of the Ninth Corps during the day, reached its former camp at evening of the 30th. Another movement to the north side of the James by way of Deep Bottom began on the 12th of August, when the regiment marched to City Point, embarked on transports the folloAving day, and on the morning of the 14th landed at Deep Bottom. It almost immediately joined in a demonstration against the Confederates, losing four killed and 11 wounded. On the 16th the brigade moved with a calvary force by the Charles City road, the Twenty-eighth being deployed as skirmishers and soon coming in conflict with the foe, losing two killed, 16 wounded and 22 missing in the stubborn con- test which ensued, the Confederates forcing back the Union lines. Among the killed on the 14th Avas First Lieutenant Patrick Nolan of Boston. The column being unable to effect its purpose, at dusk of the 20th began its return to the works before Petersburg, the old camps being reoccupied the following morning. With but a single day's rest the regiment was again sent to meet the enemy, moving to the left at Reams Station, deployed as skir- mishers, as usual, but without encountering the enemy, and next day on picket. It was stationed along the raih'oad during the 24th, but returned to the Station to bivouac and next day took part in the fierce fight which resulted in defeat to the Union arms, though Miles's Brigade won much credit and the Twenty-eighth were among the last to leave the intrenchments when retreat was finally decided on, having lost one killed, seven wounded and 25 missing, and re- ceiving the thanks of General Miles for their gallantry. The en- gagement, however, demonstrated that the troops had been too much exhausted by the long campaign of the spring and summer for further efficient offensive operations, and from that time till the coming of winter there was little more than the routine of picket duty, camp service, and the details of life in the trenches. The regiment completed three years in the United States service on the 13th of December, when the original members who had not re-enlisted, numbering but two officers and 21 enlisted men, left THE TWENTY-EIGHTH BEGLMENT. 433 for Boston under command of Lioutcnrint Colonel Cartwright, to be mustered out. The recruits and re-enlisted men were consi)lidated into a battalion of five companies, which retained the regimental number, its oOicers consisting of Major James Fleming, Surgeon Peter E. Hubon, live captains and as many first lieutenants. Major Fleming was soon advanced to the rank of lieutenant colonel. Nothing important in the history of the battalion occurred till the opening of the spring cami)aign, when the corps was commanded by General Humphreys, the division by General Miles and the First Brigade by Colonel George W. Scott. The first conflict of the campaign occurred on the 25th of March, 1865. Following the cai)ture and recapture of Fort Stedman that morning, the Second Corps, including the Twenty-eighth Battalion, advanced to the front lines and after a pause of some hours moved out to rcconnoiter the wo.rks in their front. The battalion reached an advanced position which it held till night, under a heavy fire, re- pulsing two counter advances by the enemy. The ammunition of the command was exhausted long before it was relieved ; but it pluckily held its ground at the loss of seven killed and 69 wounded out of the less than 200 taken into action. Four of the officers were wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel Fleming. First Lieu- tenant Thomas J. Parker, transferred from the Thirty-second Mas- sachusetts, was mortally wounded, dying April 21. Again on the 29th the battalion was under arms and moved with the corps to the left, crossing Hatchers Run and feeling its way in search of the enemy till evening of the 1st of April, when orders were received for Miles's Division to report to General Sheridan on the White Oak road. Reaching there early next morning, the com- nuind had but a few hours' rest when it was ordered back by the road, and on reaching the Confederate fortifications found them de- serted. The division then moved toward Sutherland Station on the Southside railroad, near which the Confederate General Heth had halted and hastily intrenched to oifer battle. General Miles at- tacked impetuously, but it was not till the third assault that he suc- ceeded in dislodging the enemy. 'In this engagement — its last — the battalion lost six wounded of the 20 faken into action, the rest of the command being absent on detail. The end was near. For six days the remnant of what had once been a full regiment followed with its corps the retreating Confeder- 434 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. ates, skirmishing with their rear guard and at Farmville on the 7th developing almost a battle ; finally on the 9th learning the glad tidings of the surrender of Lee's army and the practical close of the war. The battalion was ordered to Burkesville, where it re- mained three weeks, thence going by way of Rielimond and Fred- ericksburg to Alexandria, which was reached on the 15th of May. Eight days later came the great review in Washington, in which it participated ; then followed a season of inaction till the 25th of June, when orders for the immediate muster out of the command were received. That interesting event took place on the 30tli, and very soon afterward passage was taken for Massachusetts, Eead- ville being reached on the 5th of July, where a few days later the men were paid and discharged. THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. THE Twentv-nintli Regiment was formally organized December 13, 18G1, when the commissions of its field and staff oniccrs bore date, but most of its companies had been for months in the national service. Seven of them were among the first troops raised in the Commonwealth for three years' service, but as their ranks were filled these companies were from the 10th to the 22d of May forwarded to Fortress Monroe, where four were assigned to the Third Regiment and the others to the Fourth, — those organizations having been hastily sent forward with much less than the strength required by the United States regulations. At the expiration of the three-months' term of the militia regiments, these companies were by direction of General Butler organized into a battalion, and served thus until near the close of the year the addition of three companies completed the organization, which became thenceforth the Twenty-ninth Massachusetts Regiment. The following is the original roster of ofiicers, — the dates of muster of the companies into the United States service being given, with the officers com- missioned at that time : — • Colonel, Ebenezer W. Pierce of Freetown ; lieutenant colonel, Joseph H. Barnes of Boston; major, Charles Chipman of Sandwich; surgeon, Orlando Brown of Wrentham; assistant surgeon, George B. Cogswell of Easton; chaplain, Henry E. Hempstead of AVatertown; adjutant, John B. Collingwood of Plymouth; ([uartermaster, Joshua Norton, 3d, of Bridgewater; sergeant major, Henry S. Braden; (puir- termaster sergeant, William W. Davis, lioth of Boston; commissary sergeant, John B. Pizer of Taunton; hospital steward, John Hardy of Boston; principal musician, Ceorge E. Crocker of Sandwich. Company A, " Wightman Rifles" of Boston — Ca])tain, Thomas William Clarke; first lieutenant, Joshua Norton, 3d (afterward (puir- termaster); second lieutenant, John E. "White of Milton (succeeded July 3L by George H. Taylor of Cambridge); mustered May 21, 1861. Company B — Captain, Jonas K. Tyler; first lieutenant, Samuel A. Bent, second lieutenant, Thomas H. Adams, all of Boston; mustered 436 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. May 14. (The Ciiptain and first lieutenant resigned July 18 and were succeeded res])ectivcly by Israel N. Wilson of Billerica and Ezra Kip- ley of Cambridge.) Company C — Captain, Lebbeus Leach; first lieutenant, Nathan D. Whitman; second lieutenant, Elisha S. Holbrook (died August 20, 18G1), all of East Bridgewater; mustered May 22. Company D, ''Sandwich Guards" — Captain, Charles Chipman (afterward major); first lieutenant, Charles Brady; second lieutenant, Henry A. Kern; mustered May 22. Company E, "Plymouth liock Guards" of Plymouth — Captain, Samuel H. Doten; first lieutenant, John B. Collingwood; second lieu- tenant, Thomas A. Mayo; mustered May 22. Company F — Captain, Willard D. Tripp of Taunton; first lieuten- ant, John A. Sayles of Somerset; second lieutenant, Thomas tl. Hus- band of Taunton; mustered December 30, Company G — Captain, Charles T. Richardson of Pawtucket, R. I.; first lieutenant. Freeman A. Taber of New Bedford; second lieuten- ant, Charles D. Browne of Boston; mustered December 31. Company H — Cai)tain, Henry R. Sibley; first lieutenant, Daniel W. Lee, both of Charlestown; second lieutenant, William R. Corlew of Somerville; mustered January 13, 18(12. Company I, ''Union Guard" of Lynn — Captain, William D. Chamberlain; first lieutenant, Abram A. Oliver; second lieutenant, John Edward Smith; mustered May 14, 1861. Company K, "Greenough Guards " of Boston — Captain, Joseph H. Barnes (later lieutenant colonel); first lieutenant, James H. Osgood, Jr.; second lieutenant, William T. Keen; mustered May 22. On the return of the Third and Fourth Regiments to Massachu- setts, General Butler directed Captain Barnes to tai^e command of the battalion, which was officially known as the First Battalion of Massachusetts Volunteers. The command was for some time em- ployed in garrison and guard duty in and about the various Union ■works near Fortress Monroe, and a part of the force was posted across the creek from Hampton Village when on the night of August 7 it was burned by the Confederates, the little Federal force holding the bridge across the stream and by a weH^directed musket fire frustrating several attempts of the enemy to cross. A few days later Captain Barnes with five companies was ordered to Newport News, where the remainder of the battalion's existence was spent, and where the Twenty-ninth Regiment was organized. General John "W. Phelps commanded the post at Newport News through most of the service of the battalion, being succeded by General Mansfield in November, under whom the regiment was engaged in the same line of duties which had occupied the battalion. The as- A THE TWENTY-NINTH BEGIMENT. 437 signment of Colonel Pierce (who had been a brigadier general in the Massachusetts militia before receiving his commission) to the cuiumand of the regiment was in some respects an unfortunate one. During the winter he was court-martialed, sentenced to dismissal from the service, and General Mansfield approved the finding of the court; but it was disapproved by General Wool, who had suc- ceeded General Butler as commander of the department, and the colonel was restored to his command, A sad accident occurred on the 11th of February, 1862, wdicn two members of the regiment were killed and several w^ounded by the bursting of a Sawyer gun, wdiich was being fired for the gratifica- tion of spectators. Tlie land battery at Camp Butler was manned by members of the Twenty-ninth, and during the fight between the Merrimnc and the Union fleet in the harbor the five heavy guns took an active though an inelfectiA'c part. At the same time, during the second day's engagement on the water, a land attack w^as threatened, and the regiment Avas called to arms, but the hostile column retired without the firing of a shot. With this exception the usual routine of camp duty prevailed till the 9th of May, when the men were awakened at midnight to pack their knapsacks and start for Fortress Monroe next morning. That point was reached soon after sundown, wdien the Twenty -ninth at once went on board transports and landed at Ocean View^ after a sail of an hour. Then followed a march until midnight, which was resumed next morning, and soon after noon of the 11th Norfolk was reached. But the Mcrrimac had been blown up and the place deserted by the Confederate army ; so at night the regiment retired some two miles to an abandoned camp known as " Camp Harrison," where it remained till the 14th, when it again marched to Norfolk, crossed the ferry into Portsmouth and went into camp at the United States Marine Hospital. There it was engaged till the 20th in patrol and provost duty, changing then to the Gosport Navy Yard, where another week w^as passed. Again the camp was shifted to a point just outside the Confederate earth-works, the command remaining there until the 4th of June, when a heavy forced march Avas made to the village of Suffolk, more than 25 miles distant, where Colonel Wyman of the Sixteenth Massachusetts Avas in command. Only a short stop was made there. On the afternoon of the 6th the regiment took cars for Portsmouth, passing the night in the 438 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. depot and next morning taking steamer for White House Landing, the supply depot for the Army of the Potomac. Camping near the landing, the command marched to the front next morning and Avas assigned to General Meagher's Brigade of Richardson's Division, Second Corps, General Snmncr commanding. This was the famous '■ Irish Brigade," composed of the Sixty-ninth, Sixty -third and Eighty-eighth New York, but it gave a hearty welcome to the Twenty-ninth, which was essentially an American regiment. The camp was established on the battle-field of Fair Oaks, just in front of the little group of trees which gave the name to the conflict. The first encounter with the enemy came on the afternoon of the 15th, during a violent thunder storm, when the Confederates made a dash upon the picket line, composed of Companies C and E, driv- ing them back temporarily and killing two; but the fire of the Union batteries speedily obliged the enemy to retreat. Late in the afternoon of the 27th Meagher's Brigade, Vvith French's of the same division, was sent to the right to assist Porter's Corps, which was hard pressed at Gaines Mill. They were just in time to cover the retreat of the Union soldiers, a*nd the firm front presented by the two brigades checked the pursuing Confederates, who fell back and reformed their line, but when the little Federal force advanced in line of battle the Confederates retired before them and most of the night was passed with the two forces in close proximity. The loss of the regiment was slight, but it included Lieutenant Thomas A. ^fayo, who was struck and killed by a cannon ball. Before morning the Twenty-ninth were withdrawn, and apart from skirmishing and picket duty had no further share in the fmlit- ing till the engagement at Savage's Station, after McClellan's re- treat had begun, when their well-directed vt)lleys gave check to the advance of the enemy at one point. In tlu> battle of White Oak Swamp, on the 30tli of June, they rendered valiant service in the support of Pettit's Battery, the fire of which did much to hold the enemy at" bay and prevent his crossing the creek which separated the two armies. About the commencement of the action Colouel Pierce was wounded, losing his right arm, and the command of the regiment devolved upon Lieutenant Colonel Barnes. As the day cksed, the brigade, with that of General French, was ordered to supi)ort General Sumner at Charles City Cross Roads, whose troops were hard pressed, and going on a run arrived there just in time to THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 439 take the places of the retiring Federals and check the advance of the foe ; after which the march toward Malvern Hill Avas taken up, and just before daylight that strong point was reached. Early next morning the brigade was moved to the front and placed in support of some Union batteries, but presently changed jK)siti()n to the extreme right of McClellan's line, being posted be- hind a range of hills, where it remained till late in the afternoon. At that time the brigade was hurried to the Federal left, where severe lighting had been going on, the regiment being detached and ordered to the assistance of a small brigade of regulars under Lieu- tenant Colonel Buchanan in support of some batteries. There it remained through the night, withdra,wing with early light and re- joining its own brigade at Harrison's Landing, where it was highly complimented by General Meagher. Its loss thus far had been six killed and 19 wounded, some of the latter mortally. Several of those wounded at White Oak Swamp had to be left behind, and Assistant Surgeon Cogswell who remained to care for them fell into the hands of the Confederates, rejoining his command on the 19th of July. The regiment was detailed on outpost duty near Malvern Hill on the 4th of August, returning to HaxalFs Landing on the 15th and the following day beginning the march to Yorktown where it went into camp on the 20th. Two days later Sumner's Corps was ordered to Newport News, where the Twenty-ninth encamped amid familiar scenes. The brigade went aboard the steamer Commodore on the 24th, debarking at Acquia Creek Landing and going by rail to Fredericksburg, where it bivouacked on the 27th, but on the follow- ing day went by steamer Louisiana to Alexandria, marching thence some ten miles up the river to Camp California on Arlington Hights. Sumner's Corps marched on the 30th to the support of General Pope, who was falling back from Manassas, reaching Centerville about noon of the next day and forming line of battle facing the enemy, who during the 1st of September pressed upon the Federal ■ skirmishers. The rest of the army having retired to the "Washing- ton defenses, Sumner began to fall back during the afternoon, but it was not till late at night that the Twenty-ninth began to retire, and the following morning, when a mile or two west of Fairfax Court House, they dei)loyed as skirmishers to cover the Federal rear, in which position they received an attack by the hostile cavalry soon after, but repelled it without loss. 440 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Being relieved in the afternoon the command marched that night to Langley's and the following afternoon crossed the Potomac at Chain Bridge, camping at Tennallytown, tvhere it remained till the 5th. It then marched to Rockville and on the 6th, two miles be- yond the town, formed line of battle and waited till the 9th. Then the march northward began in earnest, the regiment passing through Frederick City on the 13th and crossing South Mountain on the 15th, whence the division led the Union infantry till the column paused on the margin of Antietam Creek, facing the Confederates on the hills beyond the stream. At 9 o'clock of the ITtli, after the fight was well under way, the division received orders to move to the right and fill a gap in the Union line, which it at once did, ford- ing the creek and forming line of battle beyond, advancing under a heavy fire till close upon the enemy in a corn-field, when the order to halt and fire was given and the regiment — which was next to the Sixty-ninth on the right of the brigade line — maintained the conflict steadily for an hour, when. General Meagher having been disabled. Lieutenant Colonel Barnes ordered a charge of his regiment, which sprang forward with cheers, the Irish regiments joining, breaking the enemy in their front and driving them back with the assistance of Caldwell's Brigade which came up at the right moment. The regiment had rested but half an hour when it was again called to the front to prolong the line of Caldwell's Brigade, just at the time when General Richardson, commanding the division, was mortally wounded. Taking a position on the left of the brigade, the Twenty-ninth deployed a part of its number as skirmishers and remained in the corn-field during the rest of the day, the succeed- ing night and all of the 18th — the two lines being but a few hun- dred yards apart and an incessant fire being kept up. That night the enemy withdrew and the 19th was passed by the regiment in burying the dead on that part of the field. Its own loss had been nine killed, 31 wounded and four missing. Going to the rear after this duty was performed, the Twenty-ninth remained there till the 22d, then marching by way of Sharpsburg to Harper's Ferry, fording the Potomac that evening and encamping on Bolivar Rights. In that vicinity camp was established for more than three weeks, during which time the One Hundred and Forty- fifth Pennsylvania Regiment joined the brigade. On the morning of October 17 the division set out for Charlestown, which was oc- THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 441 cupicd after S)nic skirmishing, Meagher's Brigade taking an ad- vanced {)Ositiun beyond the town. The enemy having been given to understand that the movement was in force, the division withdrew next m(jrning to Halltown, stopped there for a niglit and returned to Harper's Ferry on the following morning, the expedition having taken i)lace during a very unpleasant storm. The movement southward began on the 29th, the regiment leaving its camp that afternoon, crossing the Shenandoah and following the right bank of the Potomac to Pleasant Valley, where the first night was passed. Warrenton was reached on the 9tli of Novemljer, when it was made known that the command of the army had passed from General McClellan to General Burnside and the regiment rested till the 15tli. Then followed the movement toward Falmouth, in preparation for the Fredericksburg campaign, the march of the Twenty-ninth occupying three days, and during the encampment near Falmouth which followed, the regiment was on the SOtli of Xovember transferred from the Irish Brigade to the First Brigade, First Division, Ninth Corps. General Willcox at that time com- manded the corps, General W. W. Burns the division and Colonel B. C. Christ the brigade. In the disastrous battle which began on the lltli and ended on the loth of December the regiment took no active part ; it formed part of the reserve and was only under fire on the afternoon of the 13th, when moving toward the left to support General Franklin, two men being wounded. After the withdrawal of the other troops on the night of the loth it remained behind to take up three small bridges across a canal, when it recrossed the Rappahannock, thank- ful to have escaped the slaughter of its late associates of the Irish Brigade. Chaplain Hempstead — who had faithfully lilled his ofiice — died of disease on the 21st after a short illness. "Without notable event some weeks passed, the corps taking no part in the demoraliz- ing march of January 20-23, 18G3, known as the "Mud march."' General Burnside was succeeded by General Hooker directly after that event, and on the 5ili of February the Ninth Corps received orders to proceed at a moment's notice to Fortress Monroe. The Twenty -ninth did not break camp till the 12th, when cars were taken at Falmouth for Acquia Creek Landing, Avhere the com- mand was transferred to the steamer Hero, reporting on the 14th to General Willcox at Newport News, and for the third time the 442 3IASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. regimental camp was pitched near the " Brick House." The corps, having been reorganized under the command of General John G. Parke, General Willcox taking charge of the First Division, was ordered to the West at the request of General Burnside, then in command in Tennessee, and the regiment went on board the City of Richmond on the 21st of March, reaching Baltimore on the 23d and at once talcing cars via Harper's Ferry to Parkcrsburg. Tliere it was transferred to the steamer Eclipse, reaching Cincinnati on the 26th and after an ovation in the city crossing the river to Coving- ton, Ky., whence it went by rail that night to near Paris. On the 3d of April it marched into the town making its quarters in and about the court-house, Colonel Pierce, who had rejoined the regiment just before it left Newport News, being made commandant of the post. The duty devolving upon the command was not arduous, being principally to search out and guard against guerrillas, which swarmed through the region, and the best of feeling existed between the inhabitants of the place and the officers and men of the Twenty- ninth, so much that on one occasion when the force at Paris was ordered to another point a petition generally signed by the citizens was sent to General Burnside asking that the change be not made, and the request was granted. The regiment marched on the 2Gth to rejoin its brigade, leaving Colonel Pierce in command at Paris. Going by rail to Nicholasville, it marched thence to Stanford, where the brigade was found on the 29th. The next day a march of 18 miles took the force to Carpenter's Creek, where it rested till the 5tli of May. Then came two days' march to the vicinity of Somer- set, with a halt until the 4th of June, when with eight days' rations the men set forth for Nicholasville, 71 miles distant over the mount- ains, making the distance in less than four days. The Ninth Corps had been ordered to reinforce General Grant in front of Vicksburg, and cars were at once taken for Cincinnati, where the command with a brief stop was transferred to another train and on the 10th reached Cairo, 111. At that point the Twenty- ninth went aboard the steamer Mariner and started down the Mis- sissippi river, stoijping three days at Mem])his for orders. Resum- ing the journey on the 14th, steaming along during the day and " tying up " for the night, the fleet of transports reached Snyder's Bluff on the Yazoo during the 17th, having been once fired on by guerrillas hid behind the levee. The troops being disembarked THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 443 ■«-cnt int6 camp near the river, the Twenty-ninth forming the right of the brigade. Twelve days later, after severe work in the hot sun upon intrcnchments, the regiment began to move toward Vicksburg, feeling its way along slowly till morning of the 4th of July, when the joyful intelligence of the surrender of the city was received. It then encamped till the afternoon of the 7th, when it set out with the rest of the brigade following the force under General Sher- man which was pursuing General Johnston in his retreat toward Jackson, the capital of Mississippi. With little sleep and almost incessant though not very rapid movement, the command marched till the rear guard of the Confederates was overtaken on Ihc after- noon of the 10th and the following morning the regiment went into the first line of battle near the Lunatic Asylum, some five miles from Jackson. This position was held till the IGth, when an ad- vance was made close up to the enemy's works, and during the en- suing night some scouts from the regiment were first to discover and report (though the report was not then credited) that the city was being evacuated. The truth of the report was substantiated the next morning, when the regiment advanced into the city, where it remained till afternoon. It was then ordered back a few miles, resting till the 20th, when the return march toward Vicksburg be- gan, the Twenty-ninth being detailed as provost guard at the rear of the corps, with Lieutenant Colonel Barnes as provost marshal. This was a very trying position, as the column moved rapidly, the weather was oppressive and the orders to repress straggling were stringent. The Big Black river was reached on the 22d, when a day was de- voted to gathering the scattered commands, after which the colmnn returned to the old camps at Milldale. During the expedition the regiment had lost but one man killed by the foe, but several had died from hardship and sickness, among the number being First Lieutenants Ezra Ri])ley and John B. CoUingwood and Second Lieu- tenant Horace A. Jenks of Plymouth. The Ninth Cori)s had been ordered back to Kentucky, l)ut the Twenty-ninth were unable to procure transportation till August 12, when they went aboard the Catahoula, the journey to Memi)his occupying eight days. At that point cars were taken for Cincinnati, whence the regiment crossed to Covington, where it remained till the 27th. Lender command of Major Chi])man, it then went by rail to Xicholasviile and camped 444 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. there till the 1st of September, when the march over the mountams to Tennessee began. Knoxville was entered the 26th, the column having made over 200 miles through a very difficult region in order to strengthen the force under General Burnsidc which was intended to free the loyal people of Eastern Tennessee from the presence of an armed foe. Resting until the 8th of October, the regiment with its brigade was sent forward to join the corps, reaching Bull's Gap on the 9th, and the following day took part in the battle of Blue Springs, join- ing late in the afternoon in a charge which drove the enemy from the field. Taking up the pursuit next morning, the regiment ad- vanced as far as Rheatown, 21 miles beyond Blue Springs, and rest- ing there for two days returned on the 15th to Knoxville. In addi- tion to this force of the enemy, now driven back into Virginia, General Bu-rnside was threatened with a more serious peril in an army coming up from Chattanooga under General Longstreet, and on the 20th of Octol^er the Ninth Corps was advanced to CampljcH's Station, 15 miles distant, whence it moved down the railroad to Lenoir's Station the next day, remaining there on the alert till the 14th of November. On that morning the entire Ninth Corps — Christ's Brigade leading — was sent forward to the support of Gen- eral White's Division of the Twenty-third Corps near Loudon, wliicli was threatened by Longstreet. Hough's Ferry, where fighting had been going on, was reached near night, and the regiment took posi- tion near the enemy at the right of the Union line. Standing to arms all night through a driving storm and in a heavy wood, the command expected to advance in the morning, but instead was ordered back and at noon halted at Lenoir's once more. The men had ])arely prepared a hasty dinner when they were called to arms to meet the enemy, who had come down on the Kingston road but halted on finding that he had not succeeded in flanking the Federal position. Very early next morning another parallel race for Campbell's began, the Union advance under General Hartranft getting into i)Osition but a few moments before the Con- federate column a])peared, and the Twenty-ninth on reaching the field went into position on the extreme right. Here desultory light- ing soon began, and presently the regiment Avas flanked out of its position ; but changing front and moving skillfully it eluded the trap which had been laid for it and reached safety in good order and THE TWEXTY-NINTII REGIMENT. 445 with very few casualties. After dark the Union brigades one at a time marched hack toward Knoxville, and before daylight the last were in position near Fort Sanders for the defense of the city. The siege began the following day, the position of the Twenty- ninth being at the right of the fort, where its pickets occupied one side of a railroad cut and the enemy the other. At the desperate assault on Fort Sanders, very early in the morning of the 29th, in which Longstreet's troops were bloodily repulsed, the regiment had a notable part in the defense. Six companies lying near the fort were hurried inside at the first appearance of the assailants, and the four which had been detached rejoined their comrades in time to do good service. At the slackening of the assault a de- tachment of the regiment sallied out and brought in a large number of prisoners and two battle flags, the captors of which in due time received Medals of Honor. By great good fortune the Twenty-ninth lost but two killed. In recognition of the service of the regiment in the defense of the fort, it was made a part of the garrison, and in that duty con- tinued till the siege ended l)y the withdrawal of Longstreet on tho night of December 4. The following day a fruitless expedition was made by the brigade in search of a Confederate regiment reported to have been left behind, and on the 7tli the command, with the other troops of the corps, started out in pursuit of the retiring enemy. Blain's Cross Roads were reached on the 8th, and the following day the march was continued to Rutledge ; staying at the latter place till the loth, the regiment returned to Blain's and went into what was called permanent camp. The suffering there was very severe, the location being a bleak plain some 20 miles from Knoxville, swept by cold winds and often covered with snow. The men had been but indifferently supplied with clothing and camp outfit when they left Knoxville, and the wear and tear of the service soon reduced them to most trying straits. The rations were of the most inadequate description, and though supplemented by such foraging as could be done in the impoverished region, the soldiers still suffered greatly. Yet through it all they were subordinate, faithful and enthusiasti- cally loyal. During this time many of the members of the Twenty -ninth were employed as mechanics in the construction of bridges and boats, their natural skill coupled in many cases Avith practical training 446 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. making them more adept than many of their fellow-soldiers. Dur- ing this time of distress, when if ever the patriotic impulse of the men might be expected to run low, many of the regiment re-enlisted for another term of three years, and on the 1st of January, 1864, were mustered as the Twenty-ninth Veteran Regiment of Massa- chusetts. On the 16tli camp was broken and the command marched to Strawberry Plain and crossed the Holston river, where it halted with a few other troops as guard to the railroad bridge at that point, "while the remainder of the corps, with the Fourth, under the com- mand of General Sheridan, pushed on toward Virginia in search of the enemy. The regiment was relieved on the 20tli and fell back a few miles, "where it waited till the 22d, when with the Seventy-ninth New York Highlanders it formed the rear guard of the colunm as it moved toward Knoxville. About noon, when some ten miles short of its destination, the rear guard was attacked by the enemy's cavalry, and a straggling fight, at times quite sharp, followed till the near approach to Knoxville caused the foe to withdraw, after having received a repulse from the two regiments, commanded by Colonel Morrison of the Seventy-ninth. Passing through the city and five miles beyond, the regiment made its camp at Erin Station on the 24th, where it remained some three weeks. During this time the members who had not re-enlisted were transferred to the Thirty- sixth Regiment, and the veterans were ordered to prepare for their promised 30-days' furlough, though it was not to begin for some time. On the 15th the camp was changed to near the city, and on the 24th the corps marched three miles beyond Strawberry Plains and camped in the forest. Within a few days an advance was made to Morristown and thence to Mossy Creek ; and in that vicinity, with occasional skirmishing and frequent moving back and forth, the time was ])assed till the 18th of March, when the Holston was crossed seven miles from Knoxville, and the following day the regi- ment went into canij) near Fort Sanders. On the 21st the movement toward Nicholasville over the Cumber- land Mountains began, the journey being nuide extremely trying by the bad condition of the roads and the almost incessant storms; but the place Avas reached on the Slst and the following day the brigade arrived at Covington, crossed the river to Cincinnati and took up quarters in the Sixth-street Barracks. Leaving there on THE TWENTY-NINTH BEGIMENT. 447 thu 7th of April, the regiment reached Boston on the 9th and was received with enthusiasm, its furlough continuing till the 16th of May, when it Avas again summoned to the front, leaving its tattered battle flags in Boston and taking out in their place bright new ban- ners. Washington was reached on the 18th, the command going into barracks, and the following day the detachment of the original regiment which had been serving with the Thirty-sixth Massachu- setts met their comrades while on their way home, their term of enlistment having expired. This detachment had served faithfully in the Wilderness and at Spottsylvania, having lost seven killed and about 30 wounded, out of some 90 jjresent for duty. Leaving Washington on the 20th and going by transj)ort to Belle Plain, the Twenty-ninth were at that })oint made part ol a provis- ional brigade under General Lockwood, marching to Falmouth on the 23d. Tlic Rappahannock was crossed on }>ontons next morning and the regiment pushed steadily forward till it joined the Army of the Potomac on the 29th, as it moved southward from the North Anna, and Avas assigned to the Third Brigade, First Division, Fifth Corps. A hundred men from the regiment were sent on the skirmish line during the 1st of June, forming the extreme right of the corps line, but had scarcely deployed when the enemy was found to be on the flank and a sharp action at once ensued in which the Twenty-ninth had one killed, three captured and a dozen wounded. Tavo days later the regiment was transferred to the Second Brigade, First Division of the Ninth Corps, but did not reach the command in time to engage heavily in the desperate fighting of that day, losing but three men wounded. During the subsequent operations at Cold Harbor its })art was that of detail and skirmish, with no results of importance, and when the army moved southward it crossed the James with its fellow-regiments, reaching the lines in front of Peters- burg late in the afternoon of the 16th and forming a supporting line to the troops already in position. Next morning the First Division moved up and occupied Avorks Avhich had been gained by a charge of the Second Division, and late in the afternoon Avas ordered to charge the works in its ; front, the First and Second Brigades (the latter commanded by ; Colonel Pierce) forming the first line with the Third Brigade in support. While in Avaiting for the signal to advance, word Avas re- ceived that the charge Avould not be ordered, immediately after 448 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. which the command " Forward ! " rang along the line. The lead- ing brigades encountered a terrific fire and were thrown into some confusion, but the supports coming up the whole force pressed for- ward and effected a lodgment in the hostile works. In this charge three bearers of the Twenty-ninth's battle-flag were killed in quick succession — Sergeants Silas N. Grosvenor, John A. Tighe and Ser- geant Major William F. Willis. The latter fell as the regiment was being temporaril}^ forced back, and the flag was for the moment abandoned on the field, but as soon as the loss was discovered several volunteers rushed forward through the fire and rescued the beloved standard. The regiment, which took less than 100 men into the fight, had lost six killed and 23 wounded, including First Lieuten- ant George AY. Pope mortally. From that time till the early days of July the Twenty -ninth were alternately in the works at the front, skirmishing with or watching the enemy, or a little distance at the rear to obtain sufficient rest to prevent the men from utterly breaking down, when they were de- tailed as provost guard for the division, and were thus employed for some three weeks. On the 23d the regiment was transferred to the First Brigade, of which General William F. Bartlett that day as- sumed command. Next day it returned to duty in the trenches and on the morning of the 30th took part in the terribly disastrous action of the Mine, in which, charging into the crater Avith its fellow-regiments of the First Division, followed by the other divisions of the Ninth Corps, it suffered from its short line the loss of three killed, seven wounded and six captured. General Bartlett being disabled by the shattering of his artificial leg and captured. Lieutenant Colonel Barnes took command of the brigade, and as Major Chipman had been for some time detailed to the command of the Fourteenth New York Pleavy Artillery, the command of the Twenty -ninth devolved upon Captain Tripp. Major Chipman Avas mortally wounded on the 7th of August while on service with the Fourteenth. On the 15th of August the Ninth Corps, having been relieved l\v the Eighteenth, moved to the left and relieved the Fifth which in turn extended toward the Weldon Railroad, the permanent })osses- sion of which was very much desired by the Federal commanders. On the 19th the Nintli niin-ed out to connect with the Fifth, and Avhile on a march in a severe rain storm the enemy burst out of the woods near Blick's House and fell upon the unprepared column, THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 449 which quickly formed line and repelled the assault, the Twenty- ninth losing six men wounded, one fatally. The extended line being intrenched was held for some time without events of particular moment. On the 1st of September the three white divisions of the corps were consolidated to two, the Twenty-ninth, with the Fifty- seventh and Fifty-ninth Massachusetts, Third Maryland, One Hun- dredth Pennsylvania and Fourteenth New York, constituting the Third Brigade, First Division. On the 10th, 83 recruits were re- ceived by the regiment, of which Lieutenant Colonel Barnes four days later took command, Colonel McLaughlen of the Fifty-seventh taking charge of the brigade. The regiment was detailed on the 24th for a part of the garrison of Fort Howard, Avliere it remained till the 5th of October, when it returned to the brigade on duty at the front near Poplar Springs Church. Colonel Pierce was mustered out of service on the 8th of Novem- ber, as Lieutenant Colonel Barnes had been on the 9th of October, and Captain Tripp, who had been commissioned lieutenant colonel but not mustered, followed on the 13th of December. Cai)tain T. W. Clarke was commissioned colonel (but not mustered), Captain Charles D. Browne as lieutenant colonel, and Captain Richardson as major. The latter had command of the regiment during most of the winter, the two former having been detailed for staff duty. Comfortable Avinter quarters had been prepared by the men near Fort Sampson, when on the 29th of November the corps was ordered back to the right, and the Twenty-ninth took position as garrison of Battery No. 11, a very inoffensive earth-work, built for two guns, which had never been mounted. The other regiments of the brigade were disposed on like duty in the vicinity, and though often under fire the winter was passed without notable occurrence in the history of the regiment. It was destined, however, to bear an important I part in the battle of Fort Stedman on the 25th of March, 1865, [when the Confederates stealthily crept through the ravine some dis- [tance to the right of Battery 11 and poured into the rear of Sted- jman, capturing that work almost without a struggle. Becoming convinced that all was not right. Major Bichardson [roused his garrison, and not long after the enemy came stealing in at the rear of the redoubt. A furious hand to hand fight at once [ensued, resulting in the discomfiture of the foe at that point and [the capture of some 350 — nearly twice the number of the Twenty- 450 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAR. ninth engaged, though not without loss to the defenders. The Fifty- ninth Massachusetts under Major Gould was now Ijrought up as a reinforcement by General McLaughlcn, commanding the brigade, — the latter riding from the fort directly into the enemy's lines, where he was captured. Going out soon after to establish a picket line in the rear of the battery, Major Richardson found on falling back as the enemy advanced for a second assault that most of the garrison had evacuated the works, seeking safety in Fort Haskell. The re- sult was the capture of the major. Captain Taylor and a consider- able number of their brave subordinates. The entire corps was by this time under arms and the lost ground was sj^eedily regained. Battery 11 was soon retaken. Color Bearer Conrad Homan of the Twenty-ninth being the first to enter it, for which he received a commission as first lieutenant and a Medal of Honor. Apart from the wounded and the captured, whose numbers were not reported, the regiment lost ten killed, including First Lieutenant Nathaniel Burgess of Plymouth. The officers and men exhibited much bravery in the severe test to which they had been subjected, and many brevet })romotions were bestowed in recognition thereof. After the re-establishing of the lines the remnants of the regi- ment resumed duty as garrison of Battery 11, supported by the Fifty-seventh and Fifty-ninth Massachusetts, and the command was not further engaged during the remainder of the siege, though em- ployed somewhat in the demonstrations of the 1st and 2d of April, in connection with the storming of the Confederate lines. On the morning of the 3d the regiment passed over the lately hostile works and through the city of Petersburg, going on picket beyond the Ap- pomattox but on the 5th recrossed that stream and proceeded by easy stages to Wilson's Station, whence on the 21st the corps was ordered to Washington. The regiment reached Alexandria on the 28th and the day following was detached as provost guard for Georgetown and for duty at General Willcox's district head-quarters. It thus did not partici])ate in the grand review of the 23d of May, being emj Joyed in guarding the streets. Colonel Clarke returned to the command on the 7th of June, and on the 9th the portion of the Thirty-lifth Regiment whose term of service did not date from the original muster of that organization Avas transferred by the election of the officers and men to the Twenty- ninth. On the same day Colonel Clarke's command marched to THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 451 Tennallytown, Md., where it remained till the 29th of July, when it was mustered out of the national service and set out for Massa- chusetts, in company with the Fifty-seventh. The two regiments paraded in New York as they passed through and were addressed by General Burnside, continuing their journey homeward by the Shore Line railroad. It was not till the 11th of August that the Twenty -ninth were finally paid off and discharged, for which events the men waited at Readville, completing thus for seven of the com- panies a continuous service of four years and three months. THE THIRTIETH REGIMENT. THE Thirtieth Regiment was one of those raised by General Butler during the fall and early winter of 1861-2, at the time of the unfortunate misunderstanding between that offi- cer and Governor Andrew. It was at first known as the Eastern Bay State Regiment, and was organized at Camp Chase, Lowell, where recruits began to gather early in September and were mustered at various times during the remainder of the year and the early part of January. As no agreement was reached between General Butler and Governor Andrew as to its officers, the regiment left the state under the command of Acting Lieutenant Colonel Jonas H. French and Major Charles J. Paine, both of Boston, with an incom- plete corps of subordinates selected by General Butler. Leaving Camp Chase on the 2d of January, 1862, nine companies embarked on the steamer Constitution, and after lying in Boston Harbor till the 13th sailed for Fortress jMonroe, where they arrived on the 16th. Debarking on the 20th, the command encamped at Camp Stanton till the 2d of February. Re-embarking then, after making one or two vain efforts to get under way, it finally sailed on the 6th, and on the 12th reached its destination at Ship Island, where General Butler's force for the capture of New Orleans was being gathered and organized. The Thirtieth at once debarked and pitched their tents on the sandy expanse of the island, naming the location Camp Thompson. Com])any K arrived on the 9th of March, and during that month the matter of officers for the regiment was settled, the commissions issued by Governor Andrew being dated February 20, 1862, and the name of the organization was changed to the Thirtieth Massachusetts. The following roster of officers includes the field and staff commissioned by the governor and the line officers serving with the several companies at the time they left Camp Chase: — Colonel, Nathan A. M. Dudley of Roxbnry; lieutenant colonel, William Warren r>ullock of Cambridge; major, Horace 0. Whittemore THE THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 453 of Boston: surgeon, Samuel K. Towlc of Haverhill; assistant surgeon, Alfred F. Holt of Cambridge; chaplain, John P. Cleaveland of Low- oil; adjutant, Charles A. K. Dinion of Salem; quartermaster, James E. E>-rancli of the Potomac near the Washington Navy Yard, was the first stop- ping jjlace of the organization, thenceforth officially known as the Thirty -second Massachusetts Regiment. On the 24tli of June Lieu- tenant Colonel Parker was ordered to Alexandria with his com- mand, to be brigaded, and after some annoyance succeeded in ob- taining a camping place, several miles out ; but no assignment to brigade was made, and on the 30th, according to orders, the regi- ment returned to Alexandria to take transportation to Fortress Monroe. After waiting several hours for instructions, the com- mander took possession of the steamer Hero, at one of the wharves, and set out for the destination to which he had been directed. . Arriving at Fortress Monroe early on the 2d of July and report- ing to General Dix, commanding that post, the regiment was di- rected to proceed up the James river till it found the Army of the Potomac. The following morning the command debarked at Har- rison's Landing, reporting to General Fitz John Porter, and was as- signed to the brigade of General Charles Griffin — the Second Bri- gade, First (Morell's) Division, Fifth Corps. The other regiments of the brigade were the Ninth Massachusetts, Fourth Michigan, Fourteenth New York and Sixty-second Pennsylvania. For six weeks the encampment at Harrison's Landing continued, during which time the Thirty-second suffered greatly from malarial dis- eases, among those who died being Lieutenant French, while very many left the service never to return, broken down in health or dying from the fatal infection. So enervated were those who re- mained on duty that when the army started on its movement to Yorktown, August 15, only 30 Avere able to keep their places during the first day's long march. Newport News was reached on the 19th, where the Thirty-second took the steamer Belvidere to Acquia Creek, going thence by rail to Stafford Court House ; whence moving to the vicinity of Barnard's Ford on the Rappahannock they encamped in a pleasant grove for some days, with no greater discomfort than a scarcity of rations. General Porter's corps had now become a part of the Army of Vir- irinia under General Pope, and on the morning of the 27th the 482 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Thirty-second began the movement toward what proved the battle- field of Manassas, or the Second Bull Run. Moving up the river to Bealton, on the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, they followed the course of the railroad northward, halting after a very severe day's march in a dense forest near Warrenton Junction. With lit- tle rest the command was called up long before daylight to resume the journey, but owing to the thick darkness very little progress was made till after dawn. That night a halt was made soon after crossing Broad Run, and the morning of the 29th saw the column again in motion toward Manassas Junction. After a short halt in that vicinity the column countermarched, taking the road to Gaines- ville, and in the afternoon took position on a hill overlooking the march of Longstreet's column to a junction with Jackson's forces further to the northeast. With the rest of the brigade, it remained at that point to and through the night, in support of a battery which was but slightly eugaged ; the next morning the corps started toward Centerville, Griffin's Brigade being detailed as train guard. The direction of the rest of the corps was soon changed toward the battle-field, but the rear brigade was overlooked ; so it plodded on to Centerville, where during most of the day it listened with apprehension to the approaching roar of battle and at 4 o'clock was ordered to the front. Pressing through the disordered throng of fugitives in the rear of the disastrous conflict, the regiment reached the firmer lines next the enemy after the cessation of the fight, and presently retired again to Centerville. Next morning, Sunday, the 31st, the broken Union army was brought into a semblance of order, and General Griffin with his command was moved out some distance on the Gainesville pike to receive the first shock of the enemy's attack, should one be made. But a front attack was not hazarded, Jackson creeping around to Chantilly to attempt the Federal flank ; so the regiment laid on its arms, drenched by the storm, cold and hungry, till near daylight of September 2. Then, as the army behind it had made good its re- treat to the Washington defenses, it quietly withdrew, looking back to see the Confederates swarming into Centerville almost as soon as the Union troops had quitted it. During the day a march of 28 miles was made — a great distance considering the condition of the troops — passing Fairfax Court House, Vienna and Lcvinsville, bivouacking THE TniRTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 4&3 at Langlev's. Next day an easier stage was made to Miners Hill, near Falls Church, where the Fifth Corps found itself again on the ground it had quitted to enter upon the Peninsular movement. Here Companies H, I and K, which had for some time been searching for Porter's command, found and joined the regiment, and the organi- zation was completed. While the shattered Army of the Potomac, again under General McClellan's command, was pushing through Maryland in search of the Confederates, Morell's Division remained in camp till the 12th of September, when it followed in the wake of the main l)ody. Till and during the lOth it marched incessantly, and the trial was very severe, especially to the three new companies, who were unused to such heroic demands. The close of the march on the afternoon of the IGth brought the regiment into place with the rest of the corps, in the center of McClellan's line of battle, but during the contest which opened on the following morning it was not engaged, though from its position enabled to overlook much of the fight. On the 18th Porter's Corps relieved Burnside's at the left, expecting a re- newal of the battle, but during the night the Confederates retreated. Leaving Company C on detached service with tlie reserve artillery, the Thirty-second followed the retiring invaders, witnessing the en- gagement at the fords of the Potomac in which General Griffin led a column across the river and recaptured some of the guns which he had lost on the Peninsula. Then the army settled down about Sharpsburg while the general commanding prepared for another movement into Virginia. It was not till the 30th of October that the movement began, and on the 10th of November the army, con- centrated near Warrenton, finally parted with General McClellan as a commander, he being succeeded by General Burnside. When the latter was ready to move, a week later, the regiment ])roceeded by easy marches to "Stoncman's Switch," near Potomac Creek, which was reached on the 22d. There the first Thanksgiving passed in the service found the Thirty -second, and it was not cheering to the men that the Massachusetts holiday should find them with ab- solutely nothing to eat till noon, owing to the scarcity of supplies,* and then only a few boxes of hard l)read were obtained by borrowing. During the three weeks previous to the battle of Fredericksburg the regiment was occupied in drill, picket and fatigue duty, the v. cathcr much of the time being verv uncomfortable, while the men 484 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. were but poorly provided to encounter it. General Griffin had now taken command of the division, that of the brigade being vested in Colonel Sweitzer of the Sixty-second Pennsylvania. Early on the morning of December 11 the regiment marched to the hights near Falmouth, from which during the day it watched the efforts to lay bridges across the river at the city, remaining in the vicinity till near noon of the 13th, when Humphrey's and Grif- fin's Divisions were sent across the river to the support of Sumner. The Thirty-second were among the last troops thrown forward in the futile attempt to carry the hights that afternoon. Emerging from the partial cover under which it had been lying, the regiment went at a double-quick across the exposed plain, relieving the Sixty- second Pennsylvania, which with ammunition exhausted was lying prone within some 40 yards of the deadly stone-wall which sheltered the enemy. By a sharp fire the regiment kept the foe well under cover till darkness came on and the fusilade along the lines ceased ; during the night the men received a fresh supply of ammunition, but were also ordered not to renew the engagement in the morning. All of the following day was passed in that uncomfortable position, the main line so far advanced that it could not be reached by the hostile artillery and a trifling rise of ground giving partial protec- tion from infantry fire; while the skirmishers were still nearer, being scarcely ten yards from the Confederate lines. The Thirty- second were relieved the following night, and after passing another day in suspense on the streets of Fredericksburg withdrew across the river, having lost during the battle 35 killed and wounded, among the dead being Captain Dearborn. The battle being ended the command returned to its camping ground near Stoneman's Switch, which it occui)ied during the win- ter. Colonel Parker resigned his commission the 27th of Decem- ber; Lieutenant Colonel Prcscott and Major Stephenson were each promoted one grade in consequence, and Captain Edmands became major. At the close of the year the regiment took part in a recon- naissance to Morrisville and the resulting skirmish. Tlio weather being quite cold, the command turning out in ''light marching order," and the movements being very rapid, the many who were obliged to fall from the ranks suffered severely. Three weeks later came the " Mud March," after which the regiment returned again to its camp. There, engaged in routine duties, it remained till under rnE TIUETY-SECOND REGIMENT. 485 the command of (General Ifooker the Ai'my of the Potomac set foi'th \\\nm the Chaiicellorsville campaign. Lieutenant Wlieel\vri tion of a steamer ride from Norwich, Ct., to Jersey City, the trip to Washington was made by rail. Philadelphia was reached at mid- night, but the hospitality of that remarkable city was equal to the occasion, and the ^lassachusetts boys found a warm welcome and a hearty repast awaiting them. Baltimore was reached during the forenoon of the lOth, and as his command debarked from the cars Colonel Maggi ordered the muskets loaded, and instructed the mem- bers as to their duties in case of hostile demonstrations ; but no molestation was oftered as the column marched across the city to take the cars for W^ashington. The capital was reached in the early evening, and after visiting the Soldiers' Rest and making the ac- quaintance of army rations, the soldier boys were quartered for the night in a shed with a quantity of well-worn straw for bedding. The first encampment of the regiment was ntar Hunter's Chapel on the Virginia side of the Potomac, but this was quitted on the 24th and the command marched to Alexandria where some three weeks passed in patrol and guard duty. It was ordered on the loth of September to join General Grover's Division in camp near Fair- fax Seminary, but two days later returned to Alexandria. On the 498 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. 10th of October the regiment was ordered to Fairfax Court House, "where it was brio-aded with the Serenty-third Ohio, One Hundred and Thirty-fourth and One Hundred and Thirty -sixth New York, forming the Second Brigade, Second Division, Eleventh Corps. Colonel Orlando Smith of the Seventy-third commanded the brigade, General Steinwehr the division and General Sigel the corps, of which the Thirty-third was the only Massachusetts regiment. Meantime Major Bates had been commissioned colonel of the Twelfth Regi- ment and the vacancy was filled by the promotion of Captain Brown from November 29. The brigade left camp on the 2d of November and moved toward Thoroughfare Gap, where the enemy was reported to be in force. Various movements followed until the 10th, when in a heavy snow storm the regiment arrived near Warrenton and was ordered Ijack to camp, but a subsequent dispatch directed the force again to the Gap, which was reached that night, and there the regiment bivou- acked until the 16th. A rumor then came of the presence of the enemy at White Plains and the Thirty-third were ordered on a recon- naissance thither. After a few days there the column was ordered back to camp, which was reached on the 22d, the men very weary, wet and uncomfortable from several days of storm. General Sigel's Corps began its march toward Fredericksburg on the 10th of December, the roads being in a terrible condition, the men meagerly supplied Avith food, and ill prepared for the journey. The vicinity of the Rappahannock was reached on the 17th, two days after the close of the disastrous battle of Fredericksburg, the regiment going into winter quarters with the rest of the army. It had its share in the disuuil experiences of Burnside's Mud March and on the 5th of February, 1863, the corps moved to Brooks Sta- tion near Stafford Court House where it went into more permanent quarters. These were occupied until the opening of the Chancel- lorsville campaign. On the 1st of April Colonel Maggi and Surgeon Warren resigned as had Assistant Surgeon Gage some weeks before, and soon after- ward Major Brown followed and Assistant Surgeon Brown left to become surgeon of the Fifty-fifth Regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Underwood was made colonel. Captain Ryder became lieutenant colonel, Captain Lamson was commissioned major, Joseph W. Hast- intrs of Warren was surueon and Murdock McGregor of Boston as- THE THIRTT-TIIIBD REGIMENT. 499 sistant surgeon, and Lieutenant Mutlge had become adjutant. The brigade, in which the Fifty-fifth Ohio had taken the place of the One Hundred and Tliirty-fourth New York, was at this time com- manded by General Francis C. Barlow. The Eleventh Corps, accompanying the Twelfth, left camp on the 27th of April to open the Chancellorsville campaign. The Rappa- hannock was crossed at Kelly's Ford on the evening of the 28th, the Rapidan at Germania Ford the next day and the 1st of May found Hooker's line established. Barlow's Brigade being the reserve of the Eleventh Corps on the extreme Union right. In the terrible* disaster to the corps on the following afternoon the Thirty-third did not share. Early in the day General Sickles with a strong force had moved to the southward to engage a column of the enemy which was supposed to be retreating, and Barlow's Brigade was sent out in support of this movement. While it was absent the blow fell, and for a time the force under Sickles Avas in imminent danger of being cut off and destroyed ; but it was extricated and in the even- ing General Barlow's command came into position in time to assist in checking the Confederate triumph, though the regiment lost the knapsacks and other property which had been left behind when it started out early in the day. Otherwise the regimental loss in this its first battle Avas slight, being five wounded and two missing, and as the Eleventh Corps, or what was left of it, was then moved to the extreme left of the Union lines and placed in a strong position, it was not further engaged. With the rest of the army it recrossed the river and returned to the old camp. The Thirty-third was one of the regiments detailed to support General Pleasonton's cavalry at the battle of Beverly Ford, Brandy Station or Fleetwood, as the little engagement of the 9th of June is variously called; 500 })icked men from each corps of the Armv of the Potomac were selected as infantry support on this occasion, and it is worthy of mention that the Thirty-third Regiment from the Eleventh Corps and the Second Massachusetts from the Twelfth Corps, in each case the only Massachusetts troops in the command, were assigned to this responsible duty. The regiment left camp on the afternoon of the Gth, marched all night, halted at Spotted Tavern for breakfast and a brief rest, then on again to Bealeton Station which was reached that evening at 7 o'clock ; a march of 41 miles in 26 hours. 500 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. The Rappahannock was forded on the morning of the 9th, but beyond some skirmishing, losing three men wounded, the Thirty- third were not engaged in the sharp fight that ensued. The hostile cavalry having been driven out of sight, the regiment recrossed the river, forming the rear guard, returned to JBealeton Station, marched to Rappahannock Station and Ijack to Bealeton, moving thence to Catlett's Station wliere it was joined by the rest of the corps, then on its march northward. The Gettysburg campaign had begun, and in the marching and maneuvering of the memorable weeks which followed the Thirty- third bore their share of toil and hardship. The morning of July 1 found the Eleventh Corps at Emmittsburg, some 10 miles from Gettysburg, and at the opening of the battle General Howard, who had succeeded Sigel as corps commander just before the battle of Chancellorsville, hurried forward as rapidly as possible. On reach- ing the field he detached Steinwehr's Division of two small brigades with his reserve artillery as a reserve force at Cemetery Hill some two miles from the scene of the fight. The Thirty-third Regiment formed the extreme left of this reserve force, being posted near the junction of the Taneytown road and the Baltimore pike, just in front of the Cemetery. Later in the day the First Brigade, Colonel Coster, was sent forward to join the fight, leaving the Second Bri- gade as the only reserve on which to rally the broken remnants of the First and the Eleventh Corps. General Barlow having taken temporary command of a division and been wounded, the command of the brigade again devolved* upon Colonel Smith of the Seventy- third Ohio. During the 2d of July the regiment lay in support of Union batteries on Cemetery Hill and that evening when the fierce at- tack of the Louisiana Tigers was made further to the east. Colonel Underwood directed an obii(]ue fire upon the assaihmts which was especially effective. During that day and the following the regi- ment was almost constantly under heavy artillery fire, suffering a loss of seven men killed and 88 wounded. Moving southward from Gettysburg after the retreat of Lee's army, the Thirty-third found themselves on the 12th of July at Hagerstown confronting the enemy, but when on the morning of the 14th the Union lines were advanced in order of battle they found no antagonists and the Eleventh Corps with the rest of the THE THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 501 army moved down the Potomac and crossed into Virginia. Gen- eral Howard with his command was then detached to guard the raih'oad from Alexandria l)v which the supplies for General Meade's army were transported and ahout the 1st of August the Thirty-third were posted near Catlett's Station, between which and Bristoe Sta- tion its time was divided till September 25. During this time Second Lieutenant Arthur C. Parker of Boston was murdered by bushwhackers. The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were now placed imder command of General Hooker, detached from the Army of the Potomac and sent into Tennessee to co-operate with the Army of the Cumberland. 'The journey of 1,400 miles was made in five days and nights of continuous travel, principally by rail, and on the 1st of October the regiment reached Bridgeport, Ala. There and at Stevenson the time was passed until the morning of the 27th, when Steinwehr's Division, Smith's Brigade leading, began the ad- vance toward Chattanooga. The enemy were encountered on the 28th and there was some skirmishing in which the regiment lost one sergeant, killed, but the foe was driven back and the Union troops encamped near Brown's Ferry in Lookout Valley. At midnight the camp was alarmed and the regiment was called from slumber to the most desperate light in its history. The Confederates under cover of darkness had at- tacked the camp of Geary's Division of the Twelfth Corps, in the rear of Steinwehr, and the latter was ordered back to the assistance of the imperiled division. It was found, among other positions taken, that the enemy had fortified a hill some 200 feet in hight, so abru])t and difiicult that its ascent was almost impossible by day- liglit. Colonel Smith was ordered by General Hooker to undertake in the thick darkness of the night the terrible task of storming the hill antl driving out the enemy. For this desperate work the bri- giule comnumder selected his own regiment and the Thirty -third Massachusetts, the two numl)ering altogether but some 400 effective men. At the word of command the lines, in the best order possible under the circumstances, clamljered up the steep slope, through and over the obstructions, until finally they stood facing the hostile works. "Don't fire on your friends!", said some one through the darkness; and the men of the Thirty-third, deceived, were led to give their regimental number. The response was a terrible volley delivered almost in their faces, which killed or wounded nearly one- 502 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. half their number and the rest, temporarily stunned and shocked, retreated to the foot of the hill. Adjutant Mudgc fell dead at the fire, Colonel Underwood, with a terribly shattered thigh, had fallen, fatally wounded it was supposed , close to the hostile works, and among the dead lay many of the regiment's bravest and best ; but the sur- vivors were only momentarily repulsed. As soon as possible the shattered line was reformed and then, knowing what was before them, the undaunted men climbed once more the deadly steep ; this time it was the silent bayonet which did the work. Up to, over and into the intrench ments the Boys in Blue went resistlessly ; the enemy were driven from their Avorks, broken and demoralized; the Stars and Stripes waved in triumph. The civil war saw no more heroic charge than this. The men of the Thirty-third had captured a position defended by a superior force which according to all military science should have been impregnable against many times the num- ber of the defenders. Most of the enemy escaped, but a hundred remained prisoners in the hands of the victors. The success had been won at great cost; besides Adjutant Mudge, Second Lieu- tenants Joseph P. Burrage of Cambridge, James Hill of Danvers and Oswego Jones of Fall River were killed and four other officers Avounded ; 24 enlisted men were killed, 53 wounded and one miss- ing, making a total loss of 86 within those few dreadful moments. Colonel Underwood finally recovered, though seriously crippled for life, and in recognition of his gallantry on this occasion received, by special request of General Hooker, a commission as brigadier general dating from the 6th of November. Following the battle of Wauhatchie the regiment camped for a few days near the scene of the conflict, after which it moved up the valley toward Chattanooga, having taken ])art in Hooker's " Battle above the Clouds" and the assault on Missionary Ridge, November 25, losing in the latter engagement five wounded and missing. Pur- suing Bragg's routed army as far as Red Clay, the regiment paused there to destroy the railroad, and then tui-ning northward formed a part of Ceneral Shcrmaifs expedition for the relief of Burnside at Knoxville. Before the latter place was reached Longstrect had raised the siege and Sherman returned to Chattanooga, the men of the Thirty-third suffering not a little during the three weeks occu- pied by the march, as they were without knapsacks or blankets, which they had left behind in the charge on Missionary Ridge. On TEE THIRTT-TIIIlilJ REGIMENT. 503 the 18th of December they again entered Lookout Valley, thoroughly exhausted bodily, but in high spirits over the complete success of their recent campaign, and ]>r()cceded to build comfortable winter quarters. The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were consolidated on the 14th of April, 18G4, to form the Twentieth, and under this arrangement the Thirty-third Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Ryder, formed a part of the Thiixl Brigade, Third Division. Major Ccn- cral Ihitterfield commanded the division and Colonel James Wood, .Ir., of the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth New York the brigade. The chaplain's services on Sunday, the 1st of May, were inter- rupted by the receipt of marching orders for the next morning, in accordance with which the comfortable camp was left behind and the regiment turned its steps southward. In a few days the enemy was found in force at Rocky Face Ridge in defense of Dalton, and on the 9th the brigade was detached and sent to Mill Creek Gap Avhere it formed line of battle, with two companies of the Thirty- third as skirmishers ; but the movement proved only a feint, and after the exchange of a few shots the command returned to its former position. On the 11th the advance was resumed by Avay of Snake Creek Gap, the Confederates being found in a strong position near Resaca. In the battle of Resaca, which occurred on the loth, the regiment took an important part. The i)Osition of the Twentieth Corps was at the left of the Union line and Buttcrdekrs Division, supported by the others, led the advance. The Third Brigade had the right of the division, being formed in echelon, the Thirty-third being the second regiment from the right. After getting into i)Osition, which was a matter of much difficulty owing to the unfavorable nature of the ground, the charge was ordered and the whole line Avent forward at the double-quick, driving the enemy back at every point; the Thirty-third charged and captured three hills in succession, but their triumph cost heavily. First Lieutenants Henry J. Parker of Townsend and Edgar L. Bumpus of Braintrce were killed, with 17 enlisted men, and 63 were wounded, a total loss of 82. It was foimd next m(M-ning that the enemy had retreated during the night and ])ursuit was made till Cassville was reached, where he was again found in force and skirmitshing ensued from the 19th to the 22d, the regiment losing one killed and two Avounded. Three days' rest followed, then another advance, and on the 25th the Third 504 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Division was ordered to the support of the Second, ah-eady engaged near Dallas. The Thirty-third at once took part, charging the Con- federate works and driving the enemy to their inner line, when darkness and a severe storm put an end to the fight. In this en- gagement the regiment lost ten killed, 43 wounded and four missing. Its next skirmish was in front of Kenesaw Mountain, in which it lost four wounded. On the 22d of June it was deployed as skir- mishers and advanced against the enemy's outposts taking posses- sion of a desirable hill. The movement was sharply contested and the loss to the regiment, which received much praise for its part in the affair, was eight killed and 18 wounded. Some days later the Confederates again retreated and on the 3d of July the advance was resumed, a few miles being made each day till the 6th, Avhen camp was made near the Chattahoochee. Some days later the regiment, being now reduced to little more than a handful of effective men, was detailed as train guard, m which duty it served during the siege of Atlanta, having no further active part in the operations against that stronghold. On the 27th of August it was relieved and reported for duty at the fords and bridges of the Chattahoochee, remaining there till the 5th of September, It was then sent to report to General Slocum in Atlanta and was detailed to guard prisoners in the city, but after a few days of this duty it reported to Colonel Cogswell, post commandant, for provost duty, in which it continued until the beginning of the march to the sea. During this time Lieutenant Colonel Ryder resigned, Major Doane was promoted to the vacancy and took command of the regi- ment, Captain Tebbetts being made major. Atlanta was evacuated by the main body of Sherman's army on the 15th of November, and the following day the provost guard undei- Colonel Cogswell followed, the Thirty-third forming the rear guard and thus being the last regiment to leave the city. The Twentieth Corjjs followed the railroad toward Augusta, destroying it as they went, l)ut leaving it at Covington and marching by way of Eatonton reached Milledgeville on the 23d, where the regiment rejoined its brigade. Thence an eastward course was taken through Davisl)oro and Louisville toward Millen, from which the Union prisoners of war were hurriedly removed. This point was reached on the 3d of December, when the column turned southward and for a week marched through the rice swamps of Georgia. It was a THE TUIBTY-THIBB EEGIMENT. 505 strange march, with scarcely a house to be seen and everywhere the vast level of the country, marshy, almost im])enetrable, covered with endless pine forests, yet in every direction filled with vast mov- ing bodies of men, horses, wagons, artillery and all the belongings of a great army. On the 10th of Deceml)cr the outposts at Savannah were reached and the weary army halted. During the long march through the heart of the Confederacy there had been but one day of rest and not more than two or three days had marked less than ten miles of advance, and in addition to the march proper there had been the ceaseless destruction and devastation, and the necessity for. constant foraging to supi)ly the arm3\ On the night of the 20tli General Hardee evacuated Savannah and the following morning it was oc- cupied by the Union army. New-year's day, 1865, was selected for a review of the Twentieth Corps in the city and the following morn- ing the regiment was ferried across the Savannah river on the steamer Planter, which had just been captured from the Confeder- ates, and landed four miles below on the South Carolina side. The next day it marched 12 miles to Cheeves Farm on New river, Beau- fort district, where it went into camp. The initial northward movement was made on the IGth, simul- taneously with the coming of winter rains, when one day's march took the regiment to Hardeeville where it remained till the 29th, and with the coming of February began in earnest the march of Sherman's army through the Carolinas. Some changes in com- manders had taken place, the division being at the time under General W. T. Ward, and Colonel Cogswell of the Second Massachusetts commanding the Third Brigade, to which the Twentieth Connecticut and the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Regiments had been added. All through the month of February the destroying columns moved steadily northward, the Thirty-third [lassing Columbia on the ITth and at the close of the month reaching the North Carolina line. The 12th of March was spent in cam]) near Fayetteville and on the lOth the regiment toolc part in the battle of Averysboro, losing one killed and ten wounded. The battft of Bentonville came three days later, and early in the afternoon the Third Division reached the field, taking a position in support of the Fourteenth Corps which had begun the fight. Soon after^tard, however, Colonel Cogswell's Brigade was moved to the 506 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. front to fill a gap in the line, the Thirty-third with two compa- nies as skirmishers being placed to cover the right Hank. Here several attacks were received and repulsed, General Johnston mak- ing desperate efforts with his entire force to overwhelm the two isolated corps of the Union army before the others could arrive to their support. In this fight the Thirty-third captured about 30 prisoners and the battle flag of the Twenty-sixth Tennessee Regi- ment, its own loss being but five men wounded. Night ended the fighting and next morning the brigade rejoined its division on the left, extending the lines in that direction and fortifying. On the morning of the 22d the Thirty -third accom})anied by the Twenty- sixth Wisconsin went on an expedition to feel for the right of the enemy's line, having found which and exchanged a few shots, it re- turned with the loss of one man killed. The next day, Johnston having retired, the Union army advanced to Goldsboro where it was reviewed by General Sherman and went into camp, having joined forces with General Schofield, thus open- ing communication with the base of supplies which the latter had established at Kinston. Resting for a few days while his army was being supplied and clothed, General Sherman prepared on the 10th of April to move upon Raleigh and on the 12th at Smithfield re- ceived the news of Lee's surrender. Raleigh was reached next day by soldiers who had never before marched with so light hearts and so strong limbs, and there the advance halted. General Johnston, seeing the hopelessness of prolonging the struggle, opened negotia- tions for a surrender, which was finally consummated on the 24th. The camps about Raleigh were vacated on the 30th and on the 9th of May the army encamped within three miles of Richmond. Rest- ing there for two days it resumed the journey toward Washington, reaching Alexandria on the 19th. On the 24th General Sherman's army was reviewed in Washington and immediate preparations for the muster out of the various regiments being made, the Thii'ty-third took cars for Massachusetts, Sunday, June 11, reaching Boston on Tuesday, where they received an enthusiastic reception and a ban- quet at Fancuil Hall, after which cars were taken for Readville. While the final papers were being prepared the men wcr? furloughed to their homes, reassembling on the 2d of July Avhen they were paid, discharged, and the Thirty-third Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers, ceased to exist. THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. THE Thirty-fourth Regiment was provided for by Governor Andrew's order of the 29th of May, 1862, which directed that 10 of the 30 companies called for should be raised in the five western counties of the state, forming a regiment, to en- camp on the Agricultural Grounds at Worcester. The camp was named in honor of General John E. Wool of the United States Army, and William S. Lincoln of Worcester, with the rank of lieu- tenant colonel, was placed in charge. The first recruits arrived on the 13th of June, and from that time steadily increased in number. The call of early July for several additional regiments made the camp a rendezvous for numerous Western Massachusetts detach- ments, but the i)rogress of the Thirty -fourth was steady, the enlisted men being mustered at different dates but principally on the 13th and 31st of July, with a few additions early in August. Most of the offi- cers' commissions bore date of August 6, and the roster follows: — Colonel, George D. Wells of Boston; lieutenant colonel, William S. Lincoln of Worcester; major, Henry Bowman of Clinton; atljutant, Samuel F. Woods of Worcester; quartermaster, Charles H. llowland of Plymouth; surgeon, Eouse R. Clarke of ]S'"orthbridgc ; assistant surgeons, William Thorudike of Beverly and Cyrus B. Smith of Granby; chai)lain, Edward B. Fairchild of Sterling; sergeant major, Charles B. Cutler; quartermaster sergeant, Charles P. Trumbull, both of Worcester; commissary sergeant, George W. Marsh of Leominster; hospital steward, James P. Fairbanks of Pittsfield; principal musician, Thomas P. Griffin of Leicester. Comj)auy A — Captain, Harrison W. Pratt; first lieutenant, John A. Lovell, both of Worcester; second lieutenant, Robert W. Walker of Boston. Company B — Captain, Andrew Potter ; first lieutenant, Lafayette Butler, both of Pittsfield; second lieutenant, William L. Cobb of Lancaster. Company C — Captain, Alonzo D. Pratt of West Boylston; first lieu- tenant. Frank T. Leach of Northboro; second lieutenant, Henrj Bacon of Worcester. 508 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company D — Ca])tain, George W. Thompson of Springfield; first lieutenant, James W. Smith of Hadley; second lieutenant, J. Austin Lyman of Springfield. Company E — Captain, AVilliam B. Bacon of Worcester; first lieu- tenant, George Macomber of Oakham; second lieutenant, Levi Lin- coln, Jr., of Worcester. Company F — Captain, Charles L. Chandler of Brookline; first lieu- tenant, Charles W. Elwell; second lieutenant, Thomas W. Riple}^ both of Greenfield. Company G — Captain, Dexter F. Parker of Worcester; first lieu- tenant, Chauncey R. Chauncey of Northampton ; second lieutenant, Jerre Horton of Westfield. Company H — Captain, Henry P. Fox; first lieutenant, Albert C. Walker, both of Worcester; second lieutenant, Malcolm Ammidon of South bridge. Company I — Captain, Daniel Holden of Ware ; first lieutenant, Alexis C. Soley of Worcester; second lieutenant, George E. Goodrich of Fitchburg. Company K — Captain, William H. Cooley; first lieutenant, Lyman W. Van Loan; second lieutenant, Samuel H. Piatt, all of Pittsfield. Colonel Wells was promoted from lieutenant colonel of the First Massachusetts Regiment, and Major Bowman from a captaincy in the Fifteenth ; but the latter, having been captured and paroled, only accompanied the regiment to Washington, and a few days later when exchanged he was made colonel of the Thirty-sixth, when Captain Harrison W. Pratt became major of the Thirty-fourth. A national flag was presented to the regiment on the 12th of August by the ladies of Worcester, Alexander H. Bullock making the address, and the command was directed to start for Washington the next day; but it was not till the 15th, after the men had been armed with the Sjiringfield rilled musket, that Camp Wool was finally quitted, (ioing by cars to Norwich, steamer was taken to Jersey City, Avhcnce rail was resumed to Washington direct, the regiment passing through Philadelphia and Baltimore, sharing the never-failing hospitality of the former and the sullen coldness of the latter. Washington w^as reached in the afternoon of the 17tli and the command was quartered that night at the " Soldiers' Home," whence it marched on the following day to its camp of instruction near Hunter's Chapel, between Arlington and Munson's Hill, the location being officially known as Camp Casey. The camp was soon left, however, for on the 21st the regiment was ordered to Alexandria, to be furnished transportation to Cat- THE TfllRTY-FOURrir BEGIMENT. o09 lett's Station and join the forces of General Banks; but though Alexandria was reached in due time, the transportation was not forthcoming, and very fortunately for the Thirt\'-fourth, since the Station was raided by the enemy's cavalry tlu^ following night, and the regiment, though well sui)i)lied with other ammunition, had not a single ])ercussion cap and could not have fired a shot I While awaiting delinito disposition of his coninuind, Colonel Wells estab- lished "Camp Worcester,"' some three miles from Alexandria on the line of the railroad and near Cloud's Mills. Here the Thirty-Fourth remained during the exciting events which followed in rapid succession — the battles about Groveton, the arrival at Alexandria of the remains of the Army of the Potomac return- ing from the Peninsula, the retirement of Pope's broken battalions, the restoration of McClellan to the command of the united armies and his departure to Maryland in pursuit of the invading Confeder- ates. The latter event left the regiment in the extreme front of the forces defending Washington, and in addition to several com]»anies daily detailed for duty in Alexandria, and like demands Avhich had been nuide during its occupancy of Camj) Worcester, it was now called on for picket and outpost duty. The expectation of a hostile movement in front led to the ordering of the regiment back of Fort Ellsworth on the 9th of September, to Camp Slough, whence three days later it was moved a mile to the front, reporting to General Grover near Fairfax Seminary, where it joined the Thirty-third Massachusetts, Eleventh New Jersey and One Hundred and Twen- tieth New York, all new troops, in forming a brigade, which Colonel Wells as senior officer commanded. This had a brief existence. On the IGth the Thirty-fourth were ordered to the immediate vicinity of Fort Lyon, Colonel Wells being made commandant of the fort and its defenses. A permanent camp was established, in which the reuiment renuiined iov months while other troops came and went. ^Mut-h of this time the Thirty- fourth i)ieketed the front, and in addition the men worked to ex- tend and complete the fortifications in the vicinity, drilling also with the heavy guns in the fort. There was an occasional alarm from the incursion of some marauding band of the enemy, but no hostile shots were exchanged. The regiment was not again brigaded till the lOtli of January, 18G3, when it became a part of the command of General Robert O. 510 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Tyler, the other regiments of the brigade being the First and Nine- teenth Connecticut and the Fourteenth Massachusetts. The troops in the Washington defenses were about this time designated as the Twenty-second Corps, General Heintzelman commanding. General Tyler was relieved from this command toward the close of April, and Colonel Wells with his regiment had been assigned to the gar- risoning of several forts and redoubts in the vicinity of the winter quarters, when orders were received on the evening of the 3d of May to march at once to Upton's Hill, between Munson's and Min- er s Hills, where a month of garrison and outpost duty followed. On the 1st of June the Thirty-fourth were very unexpectedly ordered to Washington, and on reporting to General Martindale were assigned quarters on East Capitol Street, only a short distance from the Capitol ; wooden barracks were occupied, and large details were at once sent out on duty in different parts of the city. This detail continued for more than a month, ])ut on the evening of the 9th of July orders were received and the regiment quitted the city by the Baltimore Railroad, proceeding to Relay House and thence by rail to Sandy Hook, opposite Harper's Ferry, and climbing to a position on Maryland Hights became a part of General Negley's command. The Thirty-fourth with the Thirty-ninth Massachusetts, One Hundred and Seventy-third Pennsylvania and two squadrons of cavalry were constituted a brigade under command of Colonel Wells, stationed in the vicinity of Fort Duncan ; but the Thirty-ninth were detached to join General Briggs's Brigade en route to the Army of the Potomac, then encamped near Williamsport. For a few days the river divided the hostile forces, but on the morning of the 15th the Thirtyfourth where ordered to force the passage of the Potomac, which was gallantly done by details in boats, the enemy's skirmishers being driven from the southern bank ; after which ponton bridges were laid, the Union cavalry crossed and the occupation was made permanent, though for some days the regiment was the only infantry force across the river, and was consequently severely taxed by the manifold duties of the posi- tion. During this time General Negley was transferred and was succeeded in the command of the post by General Lockwood, the commander of the " Potomac Home Brigade " of Maryland troops. Soon after, the time of the One Hundred and Seventy-third Penn- sylvania Regiment having expired, it left the brigade and its place THE THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 511 was taken by the Ninth and Tenth Maryland six-montlis' regiments. On the loth of October General Lockwood was relieved and Colonel Wells succeeded to the command of the post and the l)riuade. The regiment saw its lirst engagement on the 18tli of October. Early that morning Imboden's cavalry dashed upon the Federal outposts near Charlestown, surprised and captured most of the Ninth Maryland and pressed back the small force of Union cavalry. The Thirty-fourth, in camp near Bolivar, were soon under arms and hur- ried to the scene. It was found that the enemy had begun to fall back along- the Berryville pike and the regiment, under command of the lieutenant colonel, pursued. A running light followed for some distance, the ground being favorable for frequent stands by the retiring enemy. As the regiment fought almost alone, and was often under severe fire, it was fortunate in escaping with a loss of two of the color guard killed and eight men wounded. The enemy having been driven some distance, the pursuit was abandoned and about midnight the victors returned to camp, having inarched 86 miles, fighting their way for six miles. This affair is variously called the battle of Ripon, of Berryville and of Charlestown. No further movement of importance occurred till the 10th of De- cember, when a midwinter expedition of the brigade up the Valley was begun in support of the raid of General AverelFs cavalry against the salt-works of Western Virginia. The Thirty-fourth led the column, which moved by way of Berryville and Winchester to Strasburg, where a halt was made from the afternoon of the 12th to the morning of the 16th, most of the time in a cold, disagreeable storm. During this time the enemy's outposts extended along the right bank of the North Fork of the Shenandoah, while the federal force in a very thin line held the left. The little column started forward again on the 16th, and three days of very severe marching bi'ought it to Harrisonburg on the evening of the 18th. Bivouac was made, with large tires, the cold being intense, when intelligence Avas ' received that General Jubal A. Early was within a few miles with his corps, and the brigade, numbering only some 1,700 men, started in retreat, leaving the fires burning to mislead the enemy. The column moved rapidly, leaving its cavalry at Winchester and its artillery at Charlestown, and late in the afternoon of the 24th the Thirty-fourth reached their former camp, sadly exhausted but hav- ing suffered no loss and bringing back nearly a hundred prisoners. IZ± jrASSACHTSETTS IX THE WAR. Eaiiy porsDed the daring brigade to wnhin a few miles of its in- trepchm^ : - " dioogfa there were manr minors and alarms and scene 5li^_: . . -^_=i^^^ and two davs later the brigade was discon- tiniKd. the Tbirir-fonrth ' . ' mporari^ - ' . :i-d to Wheat-C'n's Brigade fA the Sxth Cori - of the I „. . which had be^n srfBi to the Ticimtj for service wiiile the Army of the Potomac was :: - -ter qnarters. On the 20th, however, the re-..-.:.:.d THI -FOURTH REGLMIUrr. 513 of the post at Harp-ers r erry and relicTed of it — again taking Ihe brigsde. Once more the regiment was ordered ba: " * ^ -rin^burg. marching on the ITih and reaching there on the f. - ay. -srhen Colonel Wells was again made post commandant. This continned till the 2oih. when bting relieved he returned to the command of the Thirty-fourth, after an absence of nine months. Thus far in its history the experiences of the regiment had been mainly of garrison and . with some hard mi: i decidedly trying simati«-i-r. _i now to enter upon - : a more deadly nature. General Sigel commanding the department was directed to take vigorous action in concert with the movement of the other Union armies, and while a portion of his force un ier General Crook operated in the Kanawha Valley. Sullivan's P;v:s. n and Stahel's cavalry, in all a linle more than 4,000 men. imier Sigel's immediate direction, were put in march": _■ -■ r and aii- vaneed to Winchester. The Thirty-fourth, for:. _ n of the Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel Thobum of the First West Tirj'nia. marched on the iI9th of April to Bunker W j. the lid "I May to Winchester, where a stop was made till . vhen the little column asrain set forward, moving to Cedar Crteek and haltincr a day for the building of a bridge, when the movement was contii-ued to Woodstock. There the regiment remained till near noon of the 14th- when it was suddenly called under arms and at once went . with orders to report to Colonel Moor of the Twenty-eigl. com- manding the First Brigade. Rapid marching till nvj.. . _ .: took the command nearly to New Market, where it met the scattered frag- ments of Boyd's First New York Cavalry, which had bexr. - —■ > handled by a strong force of the enemy, and the Thirty-fc a came under fire. Finding a section of Federal artillery in the vicin- ity unsupported the regiment went to its : -- - " : e woods in its rear the men hud on their a: - _ --.. This position was found during the night to be to the right of Colonel Moor's foree. The next day witnessed the battle of New Market, in which the regiment sudferod severely. Soon after breakfast it was ordered back to a point some two miles in the rear, where line of battle was formed, but it was almost iinmeiiiately advanced to the former position, where Companies B r.ud I were deployed as skirmishers and checked the advance of a 514 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. considerable Confederate force, but were soon rallied and joined the regiment in forming a line somewhat to the rear. There the attack of Breckinridge's troops in two strong lines was received, which brushed away the^kirmishers but was checked by the heavy fire of the Thirty-fourth and the artillery, which broke the first Con- federate line. A counter-charge was then ordered, and the regiment went forward magnificently under a very severe fire; but the troops on both flanks retiring almost as soon as the hostile fire was en- countered left the Thirty-fourth opposed to a vastly outnumbering force. Yet it was with great difficulty that the advance of his brave fellows was checked by Colonel Wells, who seized the color-bearer by the shoulders, faced him to the rear and finally led the remnant of his command back toils former position. The entire Union line was now giving way, but the Thirty-fourth and some other troops contested the Confederate advance, making frequent stands till Rude's Hill, a mile to the rear and near the North Fork of the Shenandoah, was reached, where the line was again established, and the enemy did not attempt to pursue their advantage further. After a time this position was evacuated, the Union forces retiring over the river to Mount Jackson and burning the bridge, which tem- porarily checked the Confederates. The Thirty-fourth had taken into the action some 500 men, of whom it had lost more than one-half. Captain Bacon and 27 men had been killed, eight officers and 166 men wounded, of whom Lieu- tenant Colonel Lincoln, Captain Fox and Lieutenant Walker with 32 enlisted men severely wounded fell into the hands of the enemy, as did Captain Chauncey, Lieutenant Ammidon and nearly 20 un- Avoundcd men of Com})any C, cut off from the skirmish line. Colonel Wells was slightly wounded, but did not leave the field. The seriously wounded of the regiment were collected at Mount Jackson and placed in charge of Assistant Surgeon Allen, after which the retrograde movement was continued during the night and after a short stop for breakfast all the next day. Cedar Creek being crossed the following morning, when the faces of the weary soldiers were again turned toward the foe. Early on the morning of the 18th the Thirty -fourth. Captain Pot- ter in command, with the Twelfth West Virginia and a small force of cavalry and artillery, all under command of Colonel Wells, ad- vanced throudi Strasburg to Fisher's Hill, which was held for a day THE TUIRTY-FOURTII BEGIMENT. 51.^ or two, when the force fell back to Strasburg, where the reginient was rejoined by Major Pratt, Adjutant Woods, and other ofiicers who had been absent on detached duty. On the 22d General Hun- ter succeeded General Sigel, and four days later another advance began. On the 26th the Thirty-fourth marched to Woodstock, and on the 29th advanced to the battle-field of the 15tli, where a tem- porary encampment Avas made. The forward movement was continued on the 2d of June, the march of that day being to Harrisonburg, where several hundred wounded from both armies had been gathered by the Confederates after the battle of New JMarket. Imboden's rear guard was driven from the place, but intelligence being received that the enemy in force were gathered a few miles in advance the Union troops went forward on the 4th, passing through Port Rei)ublic and bivouacking a short distance beyond on the Staunton road in a pouring rain. Soon after -the advance began next day the Confederates under General Jones were encountered and the battle of Piedmont was fought. After the Union line had been deployed the foe was gradually pressed back till his main line was felt. Moor's Bricrade was on the riailey soon encountered the enemy, who delivered a heavy musketry fire, under which the line of the division was corrected and again advanced. Rushing forward at the double-quick, the Thirty-sixth Avith the Forty-fifth Pennsylva- nia carried the Avorks in their front and held them. Other portions of the brigade were less successful, and as they gave Avay the enemy soon threatened the flank and rear of the Thirty-sixth ; but the gal- lant fellows held on desperately, only falling back a short distance when it was impossible to longer maintain their lodgment in the hostile AVorks. Coloiiel Curtin of the Forty-fifth noAv took C(un- mand of the brigade, its line was adjusted and the position Avas held by Potter's Division till late in the afternoon, Avhen its ammunition being exhausted and a fresh attack ordered it Avas relieved by the Third Division. It supported the latter in its attack, and Avhen it had gained some advantage formed on its right within close musket shot of the enemy, Avhere the Thirty-sixth intrenched and remained during the night, strengthening the position next day, but not being* further engaged. The total loss of the regiment in the battle of the Wilderness Avas 85, of whom 12 were known to have been killed, 53 Avere Avounded and the rest Avere "missing in action." Major Draper was among the severely Avoundcd, having been shot through the shoulder. In the early afternoon of the 7th the regiment moved to the rear and was joined by the rest of the brigade, Avhen it marched to the open ground near Wilderness Tavei-n Avhere the Xinth Corps Avas massed, and remained there till after dark, the men meantime taking their first food except bread and Avater for 48 hours. The trains being noAV en route for Chancellorsville, the corps Avas ordered to follow them, and a tedious movement it proA-ed, each march of a few min- utes being followed by a halt. At 10 o'clock the regiment laid down by the roadside and Avaited till daylight, Avhen the journey 656 MASSACHUSETTS 7.V THE WAR. was resumed. Chaiicellorsville Avas reached about 9 o'clock, where the command halted in an open Held near the turnpike and waited without shelter till near noon of the next day, when the march toward Spottsylvania was resumed, position being taken that night on the left of the Army of the Potomac, near General Burnside's head-quarters. Late in the afternoon of the 10th the regiment moved to and crossed the Ny river, threatening the flank of the enemy's position j while other troops from the corps pressed back their outposts, the entire movement being in support of an attack on another part of the line. The regiment lay in line of battle through the night, and in the morning advanced to a ridge within a quarter of a mile of the Court House, Avhere a line of intrenchments was erected; but about the middle of the afternoon, during a heavy shower, these were evacuated without attracting the attention of the foe, and the lines were moved back near the Harris house, where the division was massed till about dusk, when it was once more advanced, taking a postion to the right of that formerly occupied. Here massed in the rear of a line of works near a deserted farmhouse, the division passed the stormy night as best it could, prepared for a desperate Q attack in the morning of the 12th. Soon after daylight the cheering and firing of Hancock's men was heard at the right and General Potter's command was ordered for- ward by brigades in echelon, the Thirty-sixth forming the left of the second line, its flank being unprotected. Soon after the engagement began a heavy Confederate line was discovered on the left and fire was opened, but it was stopped immediately on the supposition that the force in front was part of Hancock's captives, and this error i was not dispelled till a volley was received by the Thirty-sixth at 'i short range, causing terrible loss. The flank was at once swung back and the fire returned by tho.sc Avho survived, the uneven con- test being maintained till the coming up of the Twenty-first Mas- sachusetts continued the line to the left, when a general advance was made and the enemy's first lines Avere taken and held against rejjeated efforts to i-ecover them. The loss of the regiment, includ- ing the Twen'y-ninth detachment, in this stubborn conflict, was 27 killed, among them Cajitain Bailey and First Lieutenant Henry W. Daniels, 70 wounded, and 10 missing. On the 14th and IGth the men fi'om the Twentv-nintb Bctiiment THE TIIIRTY-SIXTII BEGUIENT. 557 whose term of service had expired departed for home, whieli witli the recent losses of the Thirty-sixth in action reduced that regiment to a fraction of its former numbers. Meantime the position in front of the enemy was maintained only by constant skirmishing, in which some loss was met from the fire of the Confederates and more from sickness and exhaustion resulting from the continued strain upon the men, the want of sleep and the exj)osure to almost continual storm. Dui'ing this time several officers who had been absent on recruiting service returned, and on the 18th Rev. Nathaniel Richard- son of Somerset took the position of chaplain, made vacant the pre- vious autumn by the resignation of Mr. Canlield. The Ninth Corps moved to the extreme left of the Union lines on the morning of the 19th, intrenched, and remained there in a pleasant camp till afternoon of the 21st, when a reconnaissance was ordered to Stannard's Mills at the crossing of the Po river, some five miles distant. The enemy was found in force across the river, and after some skirmishing the brigade was withdrawn dur- ing the night and took the road to Guiney Station, which was reached the following noon. The cor])s reached Ox Ford on the North Anna late in the afternoon of the 23d, but as investigation showed a pass- age of the river at that point to be undesirable if not impracticable, the corps was divided, Potter's Division being sent to the left to assist 'Hancock, Avho had already made a crossing at Chesterfield Bridge. This movement was made on the afternoon of the 24th, and the regiment after crossing the bridge was pushed to the front, deployed as skirmishers and advanced close to the enemy's works. Late in the afternoon of the 25th it was relieved and took position in rear of the main line, having lost one man killed and four wounded. The Union troops were withdrawn on the evening of the 26th and the movement toward the Pamunkey at once began. On the 27th the Ninth Corps, which had thus far been an independent com- mand under the immediate ordci's of General Grant, was made part of the Army of the Potomac. During the forenoon the corjjs con- centrated about Mount Carmcl Church and then began the march, which continued almost without rest till the forenoon of the 29th when, the Pamunkey having been crossed the previous night, the brigade went to the rear and had one day's rest. It then joined the division at ITawes Shop and during the 30th there was some skirmish- ing while the Union line was being established and the position of the 558 MAbSACnUSBTTS IN THE WAR. enemy developed, and during the two succeeding days some of the hostile pits were captured ; but the ground being of an unfavorable nature and the works well manned on both sides no general attack Avas made, and the Ninth Corps was withdrawn and massed in the rear of the Fifth, during which movement an attack was made by the Confederates and handsomely repulsed, though at some loss to the Union skirmish line. During the night of June 2 the regiment was sent through the darkness and storm to occupy some deserted works to the left of the Second Division, which was accomplished with much diiliciilty, but early in the morning it was ordered to rejoin its brigade and take part in an attack on Early's left, which was at once done. The enemy were driven back for some distance to their main lines, and these were found too strong to be carried; but the Federal troops held on to what they had gained and maintained their posi- tion close to the hostile works, though subjected to a sadly fatal fire. The Thirty-sixth, as in previous engagements, held the left of the brigade, with its flank " in the air," and suffered from a flank fire all through the day till near night, when connection Avas made with its left by the First Division. The loss of the regiment, out of eight of^cers and about 200 men taken into action, had been 17 killed or fatally hurt and 33 wounded, the battle of Cold Harbor l^eing the most deadly in proportion to the number engaged of any in the regiment's history. Among the dead was Color Sergeant French, who fell at the first fire, and Captain Barker, commanding the regi- ment, Av^as Avoundcd. Next morning the enemy were found to have retired from that part of the field, and the brigade Av^as moved more to the left, at the same time parting company AAith the detachment from the Forty-sixth New York, Avhich returned to its own regiment. The operations of the ensuing days consisted of experiences on the skir- mish line and behind the intrenchments, almost constantly under fire Ijiit fortunately without severe loss. On the 12tli the regiment Avithdrew from the Avorks at Cold Harbor and late at night of the 14th encami)ed on the l)anks of the James. In the evening of the 15th it crossed the river on a ponton bridge 2,200 feet in length, and marched all night to Prince George Court House, halted there for a fcAV hours and then pressed forward to join the forces gather- ing about Peter.sburg, taking ])Osition that afternoon at the left of THE TniRTT-SIXTII REGIMENT. 559 the Union line, and being held in reserve with another regiment to guaid the Ihmk, the Thirty-sixth were not actively engaged in the fighting of that day. They had their turn, however, the next morning, when Potters Division was selected to make an assault, and for that purpose dur- ing the night made a detour and gained a coveted position in a ravine near to the enemy's works. At 3 o'clock the charge was made, each of the two brigades having a front of three regiments, the Thirty- sixth being in the center of the left brigade, and after a short but stubborn fight the enemy were driven from their works and also from a second line where they attempted to rally. In this assault the regiment, out of about 90 taken into action, lost three killed and 16 wounded, four of them fatally, including Captain Otis W. Holmes, who died on the 23d. After remaining at the front through the day the regiment was employed most of the night in changing the facing of some of the caj)turod intrcnchments, and on the 18th was almost constantly under fire in support of the operations of the other divisions of the corps, the loss during the day being Captain Buffum and two en- listed men killed and six wounded. That evening the division re- lieved the others, picketing the entire front of the Ninth Corps line^ reaching from the Second on the right to the Fifth on the left. Since the opening of the campaign the regiment had lost 267 in killed, wounded and missing, and seven of its companies were at that time commanded by non-commissioned officers. The brigade had been strengthened by the addition of the Second New York Mounted Ilifies, serving as infantry. All through the remainder of June and all of July the regiment passed in the trenches or the pits of the skirmishers, the men constantly exposed to the fire of the Confederate sharp-shooters and rarely a day passing that some one was not struck, a large proportion of the wounds being fatal. In the slaughter which followed the explosion of the mine, July 30, the regiment did not share, it being on duty in the trenches and no relief being sent for it, though repeatedly requested. On the 9th of August Major Draper, recovered from the wound received in the Wilderness and promoted to lieutenant colonel, returned and resumed command of the regiment, being mustered in the new rank the following day, with Captain Thaddeus L. Barker i)romotcd to major, — both commissions dating from the 6th of May previous. 560 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. General Burnside resigned the command of the corps on the 14th, and the same day the regiment was relieved from the trenches by troops from the Eighteenth Corps. During its less than two months' duty in front of the enemy the Thirty-sixth Regiment had lost from its small band seven killed and 18 woimded by the fire of sharpshooters. The Ninth Corps moved to the left that night and relieved the Fifth the following morning, the Thirty-sixth taking the place of the One Hundred and Eighteenth Pennsylvania, and finding the change very agreeable, as there was next to no picket firing and the quarters were well fitted up. They were not long enjoyed, however. On the 19th a movement was made toward the left, in support of the operations of the Fifth Corps against the Weldon Railroad, and for two or three days the regiment was engaged in skirmishing and maneuvering, after which its energies were devoted to intrenching the position gained. For more than a month after this work was done the corps remained in peace between the Fifth and Second Corps, the lines extending from the Jerusalem Plank road on the right to the Weldon Railroad on the left ; on this part of the lines there was little or no sharp-shoot- ing, and the weary men enjoyed a period of comparative rest. On the 13th of September the corps, owing to its sad decimation, was reorganized into three divisions, the old First being broken up and its regiments distributed among the other two white divisions. As reconstructed the First Brigade, Second Division, consisted of nine regiments,— the Twenty-first, Thirty-fiftii, Thirty-sixth and Fifty- eighth Massachusetts, Fourth and Seventh Rhode Island, Fifty-first New York, Forty-fifth and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania. General Parke commanded the corps, and General Potter and Colonel Cur- tin the division and brigade respectively. Movements began on the 25th of September looking to an exten- sion of the Federal lines still further to the left, and on that day the Thirty-sixth broke camp, moving about from point to point in the vicinity till the 30th, when they took part in the action at Pegram Farm, in which the brigade, after gaining some success was attacked in flank and obliged to retire in confusion, the regiment making a creditable fight under the circumstances and suffering a loss of four killed, 16 wounded and as many missing. Skirmishing continued for some days, during which tlic command lost several men in the frequent sallies made from both sides and by the sharp-shooting and THE THIRTY-SIXTH IlEGIMENT. 561 artillery fire; but each army held on determinedly and on the Union side Forts Welch and Fisher which afterward became so famous were laid out, covering the angle at the left of Grant's line. New colors were received by the regiment on the 7th of October, the tattered relics thus far borne being returned to Boston for jireservation. Lieutenant Colonel Dra])er resigned on the 13tli; Major Barker succeeded to the command and was soon after com- missioned lieutenant colonel. On the 27th the regiment took part in a resultless expedition to Hatcher's Run, but in a day or two was back again in camp. On the 1st of November it was reduced to seven companies by the consolidation of PI, I and K with C, (t and B, when the Twenty -first Massachusetts Veteran Battalion took the place of the three companies and became thenceforth a part of the Thirty-sixth Regiment. On the same day Captain Burrage, in violation of an understanding then existing, was made a prisoner while exchanging papers near the picket line, — in consequence of which Confederate General Roger A. Pryor was captured in the same manner by the Union pickets and held till an exchange was arranged. The Ninth Corps returned to the fortifications in front of Peters- burg, forming the right of the Union position, on the 29th of No- vember, the Thirty-sixth garrisoning Fort Rice, the brigade holding the works from Fort Mciklc on the right to Fort Davis on the left, the line including Fort Sedgwick, better known as " Fort Hell." The regiment, forming the permanent garrison of the fort, passed an uneventful winter, and in the assault on the Confederate lines op- posite Fort Sedgwick on the 2d of April, 1865, it had no active part, though after the lodgment was made in the hostile works by their comrades of the Ninth Corps many of the men assisted in carrying ammunition across the interval to those engaged. Next day the regiment joined the corps in its advance to and through Petersburg, marching that night to Sutherland Station, next day to Beaslev's, and on the 5th to Blacks and Whites Station, where it rested till noon of the following day. It was then detailed to guard a supply train, which it took charge of after marching to Nottaway Court House, ten miles distant, and at once set out to find the head-quar- ters of the army, in which undertaking it n:rarched constantly for two days and nights with only an occasional halt for coffee. It was finally relieved at Rice's Station on the morning of the 8th, and next dav was ordered to Farmville, where it was detailed as 562 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. provost guard and Lieutenant Colonel Barker as provost marshal, General Curtin being made post commandant. It left Farmvilleon the 21st and took cars at Burkesville for City Point which was reached next morning. Sailing on the steamer Vidette on the morning of the 27th the command debarked at Alexandria at noon of the 28th, going into camp near Fort Lyon. The review in Washington occurred on the 23d of May and other reviews and parades followed, the last being on the 5th of June, as a farewell to General Curtin who had so long commanded the bri- gade. The recruits and the men from the Twenty-first were trans- ferred to the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts on the 8th of June, when the regiment was mustered out of the national service by Lieuten- ant Rose and marched to Alexandria, escorted by the Forty-fifth Pennsylvania. Going by steamer to Washington and then taking cars for Massachusetts, the Thirty -sixth arrived at Readville on the evening of the 10th, visited Worcester on the 13th, receiving an enthusiastic reception, and on the 19th reassembling at Readville, the members were paid, discharged, and returned to their homes. THE THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. THE Thirty-seventh Regiment was organized at Camp Briggs, Pittsficld, where the recruits began to gather early in August, 18G2, some of them coming from Worcester, where various detachments had reported while the Thirty-fourth Regiment was being filled ; but on the formation of the camp at Pittsfield the re- cruits from the four western counties of the state were directed to that rendezvous and in the regiment every town of these counties was represented. The camp was for a time in charge of Lieutenant Alonzo E. Goodrich of Pittsfield, assisted by Quartermaster Daniel J. Dodge of the same town. As the number in camp increased the post was placed in charge of Colonel William Raymond Lee of the Twentieth Regiment, the latter being relieved August 12 by Major Oliver Edwards, formerly adjutant of the Tenth Regiment, who as senior aide on the staff of General Darius N. Couch had served with distinction during the Peninsular campaign. Under his skillful con- trol the embryo regiment very rapidly developed into creditable pro- ficiency. Six of the companies were mustered into the United States service on the 30th of August, most of the others on the 2d of Sep- tember, and the last company — K — on the 4th. The officers' com- missions bore date August 27, this being the roster: — Colonel, Oliver Edwards of Springfield; lieutenant colonel, Alouzo E. Goodrich of Pittsfield; major, George L. Montague of South Hadley; surgeon, Charles F. Crehore of Boston; assistant surgeons, Thomas C. Luwton of Sheffield and Joshua J. Ellis of Marshfield; adjutant, Thomas G. Colt; quartermaster, Daniel J. Dodge, both of Pittsfield; chaplain, Frank C. Morse of Blandford; sergeant major, Robert A. Gray of Springfield; quartermaster sergeant. Thomas Por- ter, Jr., of Chesterfield; commissary sergeant, James C. Chalmers of Pittsfield; hospital stewards, W. A. Champney of Hatfield and Richard E. Morgan of Pittsfield; principal musician, John L. Gaffney of Chicopee. Company A, Chicopee — Captain, Jarvis P. Kelley; first lieutenant, Eli T. Blackmer: second lieutenant, Carlos C. Wellman. 564 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company B — Captain, Franklin W. Pease of Lee; first lieutenant, Thomas F. Plunkett, Jr., of Pittsfield; second lieutenant, P. Wood- bridge Morgan of Lee. Company C — Captain, Edwin Hurlburt of Great Barrington; first lieutenant, John C. Robinson of Adams; second lieutenant, Rufus P. Lincoln of Amherst. Company 1) — Captain, Algernon S. Flagg of Wilbraham; first lieu- tenant, Charles L. Edwards of Southampton ; second lieutenant, George H. Hyde of Lee. Company E — Captain, Archibald Hopkins of Williamstown; first lieutenant, Jonas A. Champney of Adams; second lieutenant, Walter B. Smith of Pittsfield. Company F — Captain, Eugene A. Allen of Springfield; first lieu- tenant. Mason W. Tyler of Amherst; second lieutenant, Elihu R, Rockwood of Greenfield. Company G, Northampton — Captain, Marcus T. Moody; first lieu- tenant, William Bliss; second lieutenant, Edward Bridgman. Company H — Captain, Joseph L. Hayden of Williamsburg; first lieutenant, Joshua A. Loomis of Northampton; second lieutenant, Andrew L. Bush of Westfield. Company I, Springfield — Captain, Hugh Donnelly; first lieutenant, J. Milton Fuller; second lieutenant, Charles Phelps. Company K — Captain, Peter Dooley of Cheshire; first lieutenant, John B. Mulloy; second lieutenant, George B. Chandle}'-, both of Springfield. The men were armed wdth the Springfield rifled muskets on the 3d of September and on the 7th took transportation for W^ashing- ton, which was reached late on the afternoon of the 9th. A com- bination of railroad accidents occurred just beyond Philadelphia, but fortunately resulted in no serious harm to the regiment beyond nearly a day's delay till another train could be provided. The Thirty-seventh w^ere assigned to General Henry S. Briggs's Brigade of Casey's Division of Reserves, forming a part of the de- fenders of Washington, and went into Cam}) Chase on Arlington Hights. The sojourn there was brief, for General McClellan, hav- ing fought the sanguinary battle of Antictam, called for reinforce- ments, and General Briggs was sent forward with all the troops available. Camp was broken September 30 and two days later the Thirty-seventh reached Frederick, Md., whence most of the regi- ments were assigned to brigades already in the field. Colonel Edwards was directed to rei)ort to General Charles Devens, com- manding the First Brigade of General Couch's Division of the Fourth Corps, serving, but not then incorjiorated, with the Sixth Corps. The regiment marched by easy stages to the camp near THE THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 565 DownsviLle, "where on the 5th of October it joined the Seventh and Tenth Massachusetts, Second Rhode Island and Thirty-sixth New York Regiments, composing the brigade. On the 16th it shared in the expedition to Hancock, Md., designed to intercept General Stuart on his return from a 'raid into the loyal states, halted at Cherry Run Ford for a week, and finally returned to the old camp jiist in time to pack up and join the southward movement of the Army of the Potomac. The river was crossed at Berlin on the 3d of November, and a cold snow-storm on the 7th found the regiment at White Plains without tents or rations other than were furnished by a raid on a neighboring sheep pasture. Marching to New Baltimore on the 0th, intelligence was received of the removal of General McClellan and the promotion of General Burnside to the command — followed by a week of waiting for the development of the plans of the new commander. From the 16th to the 18th was occupied by the slow advance to Stafford Court House, and there in an unhealthful location the first Thanksgiving was passed, with appropriate exercises and the distributionof gifts from thoughtful friends in the Old Bay State. On the 4th of De- cember another slight advance was made, the Sixth Corps being moved to the left of the Federal line along the Ra])pahannock, the regiment finding very uncomfortable quarters on a hill where they went into camp during a severe storm and remained till the prepa- rations for the battle of Fredericksburg were completed, the loca- tion being known as " Camp Misery on Smoky Hill." The Thirty-seventh experienced their first battle at Fredericks- burg from the 11th to the 15th of December. Devens's Brigade was the first of Franklin's Left Grand Division to cross the river and the only one on the southern side the night of the 11th. The regiment led the way across the lower of the two bridges. General Devens riding at its head, and all through the sharp chill of the night the men stood to arms. During the four days which followed, though frequently under artillery fire, the loss of the Thirty-seventh was but one killed and one or two wounded. The brigade covered the retreat of Franklin's troops on the night of the 15th, and a few days later went into winter quarters some three miles east of Fal- mouth, the official designation being " Near White Oak Church." Lieutenant Colonel Goodrich resigned on the 16th of January, 1863, Major Montague and Captain Allen being promoted in order. 566 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. The regiment had its share in the terrible discomforts of " Burn- side's Mud March," and after the command of the Army of the Potomac passed to Hooker, Colonel Edwards, owing to the ravages of disease, devised a new camp named " Camp Edwards," which was made one of the most perfect in the army, and in which the general health of the men rapidly improved. Assistant Surgeon Ellis died of disease at Newport, E.. I., on the 27th of March. Breaking camp on the 28th of April, the Thirty-seventh shared in the maneuverings of General Sedgwick's command, and in the charge and capture of ilarye's Hights on the morning of the 3d of May formed a part of the supporting line. Later in the day, in the sharp engagement at Salem Church, the regiment came upon the ground in a moment of extreme peril to the Union left flank. The right wing of the regiment supporting Williston's Battery, which had heroically planted itself in the path of the apparently triumph- ant Confederates, the left wing under Lieutenant Colonel Montague took position on an eminence somewhat to the left, where it flanked the assailants, and its sharp musketry fire in connection with the splendid service of the battery saved that portion of the field. Dur- ing the night and the following day the Thirty-seventh held the ex- posed angle of Sedgwick's line, two of its companies as skirmishers repelling several attempted advances of the enemy, and covering the retreat of the corps at dusk with marked ability. The loss of the command was about 25 wounded — two mortally. The former camp was re-occupied till the beginning of Lee's north- ward movement a few weeks later, when part was taken in the dem- onstrations across the Ra])pahannock, from the 4th to the 14th of June. During that time there was constant skirmishing and detail duty, and at its close a rapid march to Fairfax Court House. In that vicinity a halt was made till the morning of the 2Gth, when the northward march was begun which ended on the battle-field of Gettysburg on the afternoon of July 2. Forming part of the first supporting line at the left of the field, after the re-establishment of the Third and Fifth Corps near Little Round Top, the regiment laid on its arms that night, and next day was moved back and forth from point to point as the exigencies of the battle required, often at a double-quick, regardless of the terrible heat, taking position in the front line after the repulse of Lee's last attack. At the opening of the cannonade which preceded the final THE THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 567 assault the brigade was moving toward the Round Tops, and had just entered the Taneytown road in rear of the Union left center. The Thirty-seventh led, and was in full range of the hostile bat- teries, which sent through its ranks a terrible fire. In a moment six men were killed or mortally hurt and 25 wounded, but sudden and severe as was the trial, not a man shrank, the conduct of the regiment being such as to win a warm compliment from the brigade commander — Colonel Eustis — as soon as shelter was reached. The roundabout pursuit of Lee's army toward the Potomac was shared by the Thirty-seventh, and something of their discomforts may be inferred from the fact that in toiling over the rough mountain roads in the storms which prevailed at that time no less than 180 of them were entirely without shoes ! At Funkstown, when the two armies again confronted each other, the rifles of the Thirty- seventh were heard on the skirmish line, and when an advance showed that the foe had retired into Virginia the Union columns -countermarched and descended the river to Berlin, where they crossed on the 19th and advanced by easy stages to the vicinity of Warrenton, which was reached on the 25th. At midnight of July 30 an order was received for the comnumd to proceed at once to New York for duty on account of the draft troubles there. Cars were taken next morning at Warrenton Junc- tion and at noon of August 2 the regiment debarked in the vicinity of Castle Garden, proceeding at once to Fort Hamilton, where it en- camped. Colonel Edwards took command of the post, and the regiment under Lieutenant Colonel Montague won much praise for its excellence in drill, discipline and deportment — the qualities which had led to its detail for the duty. August 19 was the date fixed for the renewal of the draft, and the evening previous the regiment was ordered to the city and early next morning marched up to the Washington Parade Ground, whence Com})anies G and C were detailed for duty at the drafting rooms on Sixth Avenue. No disturbance occurred, and on the afternoon of the 21st the regiment was relieved and returned to its camp. It went again to the city on the 12th of September and en- camped on Columbia College grounds, remaining there and per- forming various duties till October 14, when it returned to the Army of the Potomac, rejoining the brigade on the battle-field of Chantilly three days later," where a fight was momentarily expected. 568 3TASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Again Lee retired and Meade jjursned as far as Warrcnton, the Thirty-seventh going into camp till they were called forth on the 7th of November to join in the successful movement against Rap- pahannock Station, where they Avere in support but not actively en- gaged. On the 11th the river was crossed and at Brandy Station, six miles beyond, an encampment followed till the 26th — Thanks- giving day in Massachusetts — when the Mine Run campaign began. In that dismal undertaking the Thirty-seventh had a full share. The morning of the 30th, when it was the purpose of General Meade to deliver his attack, found them in the front at the extreme left of the Union lines, and all day in the severe cold they remained under fire, losing a few wounded but suffering most from the biting weather. Withdrawing from this uncomfortable position, the regi- ment returned to its former camp at Brandy Station, where winter quarters were built. Major Allen having resigned on the 25tli of November, Captain Moody was promoted to the vacancy. A march to Madison Court House, in support of a cavalry demonstration, began on the 26th of February, 1864, and ended by the return to camp on the 2d of March, a cold, sleety storm having made the experience very tedious. The Thirty-seventh began the "Wilderness campaign" soon after midnight of the od of May, when tents were struck and the march commenced. Eustis's was one of the three brigades under General Getty detached from the Sixth Corps to operate on the Brock and Orange Plank roads, and the enemy was first encountered toward night of the 5th, when the regiment, though not closely engaged, lost a dozen killed and wounded. Its severest experience came on the following day, when the arrival of Longstreet with reinforce- ments for the Confederates resulted in the driving back of Wads- Avorth's Division. That officer, looking for some assistance in stem- ming the adverse tide, came upon Eustis's Brigade, Avhich was advancing in column of regiments, the Thirty-seventh in front. Colonel Edwards received from Wadsworth the order to charge the enemy, and at once put hig command in motion, making a mag- nilicent advance for some 900 yards, during which the regiment cleared everything before it until, being almost surrounded, it was obliged to halt and fight its way back. General Wadsworth, who had accompanied it on the charge, complimented its effective work and rode away, purposing to rejoin his division, butinstead received THE THIRTY-SEVENTn REGIMENT. 569 his death-wound. The retreat of the regiment was even more re- markable than its advance had been. Loading as they fell back, one-half the men would halt and deliver their fire while their com- rades i)assed to the rear, and thus alternating they maintained a firm front till the line of the brigade was regained. The loss dur- ing the charge was 84 killed and more than a hundred wounded. Sharing the fortunes of the brigade through the remainder of the fight, but without being seriously engaged, the Thirty-seventh joined in the movement by the flank to Spottsylvania and in the support of Crawford's Division of the Fifth Corps in the fighting on the afternoon of the 8th. The regiment was in the front line that night, and next morning its skirmishers made a fine advance, jjiish- ing back the enemy till his main intrenched line was reached, when, not being supported, they were finally obliged to fall back. On the same day Colonel Edwards took command of the lirigade. General Eustis being transferred, and permanent command of the regiment was vested in Lieutenant Colonel Montague. The next and one of the sharpest trials of the organization was at the battle of "the Angle" on the morning of May 12, when it took position against the outer face of the works captured by Hancock's Corps and held them for nearly 24 hours despite the desperate efforts made for their recapture. During this time the men fired an average of 400 rounds, though there was a severe storm prevailing. At one time in the evening, when they had been relieved and fallen back a few paces because entirely out of ammunition, the relieving regi- ment broke and huddled to the rear with the cry that the Confeder- ates were in the works. The Thirty-seventh were instantly awakened from the slee]) of exhaustion into which they had fallen, advanced to Ihe works and held them with the bayonet till a fresh supply of cartridges came up ; the firing was then resumed and continued till near morning, when the enemy were found to have fallen back. The loss to the regiment had been about 15 killed and 50 wounded, among the latter being Lieutenant Colonel Montague, Major Moody, Captain Pease and Second Lieutenants- George E. Cooke of Amherst and Joseph Follansbee of Springfield — the three last named mortally. Then followed the operations by the left flank, the Union com- manders spending several days in the attempt to find an unguarded point on the Confederate right; but when these efforts were seen to be futile another attempt was made to break through in the vicinity 570 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. of the Angle, and in the attack there on the morning of the 18th the Thirty-seventh had the satisfaction of penetrating the hostile works almost to the muzzles of the batteries, holding on desperately for a time exposed in front and flank to a murderous fire, but obliged eventually to retire owing to the general failure of the attack, — a very trying movement, Avhich was executed in a most creditable manner under the lead of Lieutenant Colonel Harlow of the Seventh Massachusetts, who had been appointed to the temporary command of the Thirtj'-seventh owing to the many casualties among its own officers. The loss was 20 in killed and wounded. Then followed a return to the left and renewed hostilities in that quarter, the movement to the North Anna on the 21st, the skirmish- ing there and the continuation of the movement to Cold Harbor, Edwards's command taking part in a reconnaissance to Peake's Sta- tion on the 30th, where a skirmish resulted, showing the Confederates in force, and on retiring the brigade covered the retreat, exchanging more or less compliments with the southern horsemen. In all these minor experiences the Thirty-seventh had a full share, and ever with credit. On the 1st of June they marched to Cold Harbor in season to protect the endangered federal left flank, losing a few men and more heavily on the 3d, though not closely engaged. While this ended the battle, properly speaking, the two armies confronted each other at close quarters till the 12th, the Thirty-seventh being much of the time in the advance line where the sharp-shooting was very deadly, and continually losing men, their entire list of casualties during the time being some 35. The movement to the south of the James river began on the 12th, and the day previous Lieutenant Colonel IMontague returned to duty, relieving Lieutenant Colonel Harlow ; but he was obliged to return to hospital and the command of the regiment for some weeks de- volved on Captain J. A. Loomis. The lines in front of Petersburg were reached on the evening of the 17th, and the next day the Tliirty-seventh shared in the battle, losing four men killed and several wounded. By this time the term of service of the other regiments of the brigade had expired, and all had departed for home, the re-enlisted veterans and the recruits remaining to com- plete their tei'ms of service — those of the Second Rhode Island being formed into a battalion and those of the Seventh and Tenth Massachusetts continuing with the Thirty-seventh, at first as de- THE THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 571 tachments but three months later being distributed among the dif- ferent compa'nics of the regiment. The brigade, therefore, for a time consisted only of the Thirty-seventh and the attachments — a total of scarcely 500 men and oflicers. During the days which followed there was almost incessant skir- mishing and exposure; on the 22d the brigade took position on the extreme left of the Sixth Corps, which had been established along the Jerusalem Plank road, remaining there till the 29th, avIicu llic corps marched to Reams Station to the relief of General Wilson's cavalry, — a trying but bloodless expedition, from which they re- turned on the 2d of July. On the 6th the brigade was discontinued and a new one formed, under Colonel Edwards, consisting of the remains of his former command, with the Fifth "Wisconsin, Twenty- third, Forty-ninth, Eighty-second and One Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania Regiments. This was made the Third Brigade, First Division, Sixth Corps, and members of the regiment who had suc- cessively worn the blue and the white Greek crosses now donned the rod as their distinguished badge. Three days later the First and Second Divisions of the corps were ordered to Washington to meet the Maryland raid of General Early, — the Third Division having been already sent on by way of Balti- more and defeated at the battle of the Monocacy. The Thirt}'- seventh took transport to Washington, which was reached about noon of the 12th. Marching at once to Fort Stevens, some part was had that afternoon in the engagement with Early's advance, and next morning the pursuit of his retreating forces was taken up. The day following the regiment was armed with the Spencer re- peating rifles, being the first in the Sixth Corps to receive that then remarkable weapon.- On the 18th the enemy was overtaken at Snicker's Ferry on the Shenandoah river, and an attack by a divis- ion of the Eighth Corps was repulsed. Details from the Thirty- seventh went on picket along the river after the fight, and in the picket fire of the next day proved the power of the new weapons. On the morning of the 20th the regiment led the crossing of the river, only to find that Early had retreated, and that night General Wright started with his corps for the defenses of Washington, to which he made a sharp march ; but he had scarcely arrived there when further intelligence caused him to march toward Harper's Ferry on the 2Gth. That point being reached by great exertion — 572 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the severely hot weather being intensified by a drought which had prevailed since the first of June — the corps was united with Crook's command a few miles beyond, — which had scarcely been done when the intelligence of McCausland's raid drew from General Halleck at Washington an order for their immediate return to Frederick, which was obeyed though causing great suffering to the men. In that vicinity the regiment remained till the 6th of August, when, General Sheridan having been put in command of the de- partment, the corps was ordered across the Potomac to more active operations. The result was a parallel race up the Shenandoah Valley by the two armies. Early finally taking post in a strong position near Cedar Creek. After a few days of skirmishing Sheri- dan decided to fall back to his former position near Charlestown ; Early promptly followed. In these maneuverings the Thirty- seventh had its full share of hardships and exposure, and on the morning of the 21st it rendered notable service in repelling an at- tack by the enemy on the skirmish line. An alarm being sounded the regiment was ordered to the front, deployed along a sunken road, and made so strong a resistance with the Spencer rifle that the Confederates withdrew and did not renew the attempt on that part of the Union Line. The loss of the regiment was five killed and 15 wounded. Following this experience no event of moment occurred until the battle of the Opequan, in which the Thirty-seventh rendered excellent service and won high commendation. At the opening of the battle Russell's Division, of which it formed a part, was in reserve ; but when, after the first advance of the Federal troops, their line was broken at the junction of the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps, the re- serves were brought into action. Colonel Edwards, with quick military intuition, had early ordered the Thirty-seventh to the right, where it occupied a ravine in front of Stevens's Fifth Maine Bat- tery. A Confederate l)rigade was soon discovered making for the battery and Lieutenant Colonel Montague quickly prepared his com- mand for a vigorous counter-charge. This was successfully exe- cuted, the Spencer rifles sweeping everything before them, the colors of the Second Virginia Regiment and many prisoners being capt- ured. The pursuit was kept up for half a mile, and a halt made far in advance of any other Union troops, near a rebel battery, which was soon silenced and driven away by the sharp firing of a THE THIRTY-SEVENTH BEGIMENT. 573 detachment from the regiment. While bringing up troops to the support of this position General David A. Russell was killed. The regiment had by a change of direction been entirely separated from the rest of the brigade, and fought for some time as an indei)cndent command, making another dash to the front and cutting off .the line of retreat in use by some of the Confederates as their lines were crumbled further to the right, and being led far forward by the gallant General Upton, who was severely wounded while galloping with the colors of the regiment toward the enemy. Although out of amnumition and far in advance of their supports, the Thirty- seventh still held on with the bayonet till other troops were ordered forward with cartridges, when they joined in the hnal decisive charge. The loss was heavy ; out of 296 enlisted men taken into action, 15 Avere killed and seven officers and 72 men wounded, among the fatally hurt being First Lieutenant Charles S. Bard well of Whately. For his services that day Colonel Edwards received the brevet of brigadier general and was made commander of the post at Win- chester, the Thirty-seventh forming the provost guard, in which enviable but well-earned position they remained till the frost and storms of winter and the practical dispersion of Early's command ])ut an end to military operations in the Valley. Major Moody hav- ing been discharged July 26 for disability. Captain Rufus P. Lincoln succeeded to the office. On the 13th of December the Thirty -seventh took cars for the Army of the Potomac, in front of Petersburg, by way of Washington, being the last regiment of the Sixth Corps to depart ; three days later they , rejoined the brigade — at the time commanded by General Isaac C. Bassett, going into camp in the vicinity of Fort Wadsworth on the Weldon Railroad. During the winter no events of great importance transpired, but there was an incessant round of dangerous and disagreeable duties. The regiment formed part of a supporting force sent out on the 5th of February, 1865, to operate against the enemy's right Hank at Hatcher's Run, and for two days there was skirmishing and fortifying during one of the severest storms of winter; when, with the loss of a few men wounded and the rest nearly frozen, the com- mand returned to camp. Lieutenant Colonel Montague resigned on the od of March, Major Lincoln and Captain Mason W. Tyler were each advanced a grade, the command of the regiment being taken by the latter, the former being absent on staff duty. 674 MASSACHUSETTS AV THE WAR. The assault on Fort Stedmaii on the morning of March 25, 1865, called the Thirty-seventh with other troops of the Sixth Corps toward the scene, but when it was found that their services would not be needed in repelling the assault. General Wright made a counter attack on the Confederate works in front of Fort Fisher, capturing the intrenched picket line, in holding which against re- peated efforts for its recapture the Thirty-seventh rendered import- ant service. Among the few wounded that day was Major Tyler, and the commander of the regiment from that date till the sur- render of General Lee was Captain Hopkins. In the attack on the defenses of Petersburg, in the morning of April 2, the skirmish line was composed of 75 picked men and vol- unteers from the regiment under Captain John C. Robinson, formed alternately with the brigade pioneers commanded by Lieutenant David M. Donaldson, armed only with axes for cutting through the abatis, while the rest of the command was in the front line of the assaulting column. The line of battle reached the abatis almost as soon as the pioneers, sweeping through and over it, the objective of the Thirty-seventh being a three-gun fort. This with a stand of colors was captured after a sharp struggle, the loss of the regi- ment being three killed and 32 wounded. Other important service was rendered during the day, including the silencing of a battery by a detail of two companies in the afternoon. That evening when the Union lines halted near Petersburg Gen- eral Edwards was made officer of the day, and his skirmishers were largely from the Thirty-seventh. Before daylight next morning he advanced with them to the city, the evacuation of which by Gen- eral Lee had just Ijeen completed, and received from the officials a formal surrender. The Thirty-seventh Regiment alone of the Sixth Corps entered the city to preserve order till it could be garrisoned by the Ninth Corps, and then the pursuit of the retreating Confed- erates was taken up. Within 75 hours over 70 miles were marched, and on the afternoon of the 6th, after making several miles on the double-quick, the regiment took an important part in the severe en- gagement at Sailor's Creek which resulted in the destruction of Lee's rear guard under General Ewell. At the opening of the engagement the division — commanded by General Wheaton — advanced up a broken and bush-covered slope till it encountered the Confederate line, when a heavy fire at short THE THIRTY-SEVENTH BEGIMENT. 575 range was received and the Union troops, with the exception of the Thirty-seventh, fell back. That organization stood its ground, and aided by the Spencer rifie drove out the forces in its front and pur- sued them some distance. It then dispersed another body moving past its fiank, when it was almost at the same moment attacked fi-om the rear by General Custis Lee's Brigade and a terribly ob- stinate contest at close quarters followed. Finally the assailants were driven back into a ravine from v.liich they had emerged to the attack and forced to surrender, General Custis Lee and more than their own number being captured by the Thirty-seventh. The loss of the regiment was nine killed and 31 wounded out of some 200 taken into action. Captain Hopkins, who had received the brevet of major for his part in the fall of Petersburg, was now brevetted lieutenant colonel. This was the last engagement in which the regiment took part. It followed Lee to Appomattox, retraced its steps to Burke.sville Avhere it remained for ten days, thence went to Danville, where the news of General Johnston's surrender was received, and passed the early part of May guarding the Southside Railroad. The Sixth Corps was reviewed in Richmond May 24, marching thence to Hall's Hill, a few miles across the Potomac from Washington, and on the 8th of June was reviewed in the national capital, the Thirty-seventh under Major Tyler having 300 members present. The re-enlisted men and some of the officers were transferred to the Twentieth Massachusetts Regiment on the 21st of June, while the remainder of the regiment was mustered out of the United States service. Next morning it set out for home, going by way of New York, Hudson, Pittsfield, Springfield and Boston to the camp at Readville, whence on the 2d of July, having been paid and discharged by the state, the veteran band bade adieu to soldier life. THE THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. THE Thirtj'-eighth Eegiment was recruited from various towns near Boston and in Plymouth county. Companies A, B and F gathered at Camp Day in North Cambridge, while the other seven companies rendezvoused at Camp Stanton, Lynnfield, under command of Major D. K. Wardwell. The latter were mus- tered August 20-22, 1862, while the Cambridge companies were sworn in by detachments at various times during July and August, a few recruits being added later. The roster of officers at the time * the regiment left Massachusetts follows : — Colonel, Timothy Ingraham of New Bedford; lieutenant colonel, David K. Ward well of Boston; major, "William L. Kodman of New Bedford; surgeon, Samuel C. Hartwell of Southbridge; assistant sur- geons, Edwin F. Ward of Enfield and George F. Thompson of Belcher- town; adjutant, Frank W\ Loring of Boston; quartermaster, Elijah Swift of Falmouth; sergeant major, Timothy Ingraham, Jr., of New Bedford; quartermaster sergeant, Wilham A. Eichardson of Newton; commissary sergeant, Israel B. Nelson of Cambridge ; hospital stew- ard, Amasa D. Ward of Worcester; principal musicians, Charles Mon- roe of Cambridge and Albert T. Finney of Plymouth. Company A, Cambridgeport — Captain, James P. Eichardson; first lieutenant, Arthur Hodges; second heutenant, William H. Jewell. Company B, East Camljridge— Captain, J. Henry Wyman ; first lieutenant, Frank N. Scott; second lieutenant, George H. Bennett. Company C, Abington— Captain, Charles F. Allen; first lieutenant, Timothy Eeed; second lieutenant, Francis A. Nash. Company 1) — First lieutenant, Cephas Washburn of Kingston; second lieutenant, Albert Mason of Plymouth. Company E, Lynn — Captain John E. Smith; first lieutenant, Eben Parsons, Jr. ; second licu,tenant, Vivian K. Spear. Company F, Cambridge— Captain, Taylor P. Eundlett; first lieu- tenant, Jose])h A. Ilildreth; second lieutenant, Edward C. Dyke. Company G, Plymouth— Captain, Charles C. Doten; second lieu- tenant, Georce B. Eussell. Company ir—Cai)tain, Thomas E. Eodman of New Bedford; first lieutenant, Julius M. Lathrop of Dcdham; second lieutenant, Charles C. Howland of Boston, THE THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 577 Compuny I — Cii})tain, James II. Wude of Boston; first lieutenant, Osgood W. Waitt of Maiden. Company K — Captain, James H. Slade; first lieutenant, Samuel Gault, l)()tliof Boston; second lieutenant, George T. ]\Iartin of Melrose. The vacant line offices "U'cre filled by promotions dating* from November 1, Lieutenant Reed becoming captain of Company 1), Sergeant Major Ingraham advancing to second lieutenant and being succeeded by Frederick Holmes of Plymouth. Marching orders came for the 2Gth of August, -when the Lynn- ficld companies formed regimental line, having been fully equipped and armed with the Enfield rifle, went by rail to Boston and took cars for New London via Worcester, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Wardwell. The other companies also came to Boston, but not till the main body had left the city, when they took a special train and overtook the others at New London. From there the command went to Jersey City by steamer, thence to Philadelphia ■by two trains, enjoying the hospitality of the Quaker City and about midnight setting out for Baltimore. The ]\ronumental City was reached the next forenoon, and after dinner at the L'niun Ilelief Eooms the regiment marched to Camp Belger in Druid Hill Park. There a day or two later the Cambridge companies were armed and equipped, and on the 3d of September Colonel Ingraham arrived and assumed command; as both he and the second in command were experienced soldiers the regiment made rapid progress in drill and discipline. On the 9th the Thirty-eighth were ordered to take a position on the Liberty or Frederick road, some seven miles from Baltimore, near the village of Powhattan, to guard against attack on the city by General Lee's Confederate army, then in the state. That place was reached late in the evening, and next day Camp Cram was laid out and occupied, the regiment remaining there somg five weeks, and a brass-band being organized from musicians in the command. Marching orders were received on the 11th of October, and next day the regiment returned to Baltimore and took cars for Chambers- burg, being called out on account of the raid of Stuart's cavalry around the rear of McClellan's army ; but the train had hardly started when it was called back, the troops debarked and were quartered in convenient buildings during the night. Next morning the Thirty-eight marched to a pleasant location on the southwest 578 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. outskirts of the city, designated as Camp Emory, where they were attached to one of the brigades of General Emory's command. This position was occupied till November 9, Colonel Intrraham acting as brigadier much of the time. By this time the first severe snow- storm had occurred, and the order which came on that day to em- bark on ocean transports was welcomed by the men. On the 10th the regiment was taken down Chesapeake Bay in small craft and transferred to the Baltic, General Emory's flag-ship, sailing to Hampton Roads where the vessel anchored. With brief trips ashore for musket practice and drill, the regiment remained on shipboa;rd till the 8th of December. During this time Lieutenant Colonel Wardwcll resigned, dating-from December 3; Major Rod- man and Captain Richardson being advanced in due order. The fleet bearing the division began to weigh anchor in the morn- ing of the 8th, and that afternoon the Baltic sailed, in the rear of the squadron. Ship Island was reached on the 13th, en route to New Orleans ; but as the Baltic was of too heavy draft to enter the Mississippi river, the Thirty-eighth debarked and waited on the un- inviting spot for the return of some of the lighter craft. Christ- mas passed, and it was not till the 28th that the Northern Light appeared to take the regiment on its way. It sailed the 30th, reached New Orleans the following day, and on New Year's day went up the river to Carrollton, where the regiment went ashore. Some changes in the assignment of regiments to brigades occurred at first but the Thirty-eighth soon Ijecame part of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Nineteenth Corps, the other regiments of the bri- gade being the Thirty-first and Fifty-third Massachusetts, One Hun- dred and Fifty-sixth and One Hundred and Seventy-fifth New York. Colonel Gooding of the Thirty-first commanded the brigade and (ieneral Emory the division. Colonel Ingraham was about this time appointed to the command of the First Brigade, same division, and did not return to the regiment for duty. The regiment took part in its first expedition February 11, 1868, when it went aboard the steamer ^Morning Light and ascended the river to Plaquemine, where a landing was made and the troops waited till the 19th, anticipating an expedition up the Bayou Pla- quemine. A reconnaissance showing that the stream was thoroughly obstructed, the regiment re-embarked on the transport and returned to Camp Kearny, where it remained till the 6th of March, the men THE THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 579 suffering much from disease. Camp was broken during a heavy- rain storm, and at noon of the 7th the command embarked on the St. Mary's, reaching Baton Rouge next morning and being quar- tered in the theater. After reviews and other jjreparations, line was formed late in the afternoon of the loth and the Thirty-eighth joined the force demonstrating against Port Hudson in conjunction with the attempt of Admiral Farragut to run the Ijatteries with a portion of his fleet. The column moved slowly till midnight, and resumed the march next day; but on th^ morning of the 15th information was received that the naval puipose had been accom- plished. After some marching back and forth in the mud, the regiment returned to Baton Rouge on the 20th, encamping in a magnolia grove for a few days, then moving to a swampy locality on the Perkins road where it remained till the 1st of April, Going by transport to Algiers, opposite New Orleans, the regi- ment encamped till the 9th, when it took cars to Brashear City, joining an expedition which was being organized to drive away the Confederate force threatening Xcw Orleans and the vicinity, strik- ing thence to the Red river and clearing the way for the intended operations against Port Hudson. The regiment at once crossed the Atchafalaya river to Berwick City, where it encamped till the lltli, when the movement of the column began. The enemy's outposts were encountered some miles in front of Fort Bisland on the 12th, and were pressed back near to their works, when the skirmishing ended for the day. The brigade took position in front of the enemy early the following day, and about noon the Thirty-eight relieved the Thirty-first on the skirmish line, advancing close to the enemy's batteries and doing good service with their ritles, though suffering from the return fire. Their ammunition being exhausted, they were relieved and withdrew a short distc.nce, having lost six killed and 29 wounded ; among the former Captain Samuel Gault of Company A. The morning of the 14th found the Confederate works deserted, and pursuit was at once made, in the hope of capturing the entire force ; but (icneral Taylor had evaded the troops under General Grover, and the movement of the Union column continued till the Red river was reached. With one day's rest while a bridge was being built over Vermilion Bayou, the regiment inarched till the afternoon of the 20th, when it halted at Opelousas, remaining there till the otli of May when it set out for Alexandria, which it entered 580 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. with flag's flying- and ])ands playing, the town having already been taken possession of by United States naval forces. The regiment remained in camp near that place till the 15tb, when marching orders came, and soon after daybreak the road was taken, three days' marching bringing the command to Simmsport on the Atchafalaya. The troops were ferried across that river on the 19th, and two days later set forth for Port Hudson, reaching the Mississippi at Morganza Bend on the afternoon of the 22d. Transports were there waiting, on which the soldiers were taken to Bayou Sara, landing some ten miles above Port Hudson. A heavy storm just as the troops landed made the subsequent marching very difficult, but during the 23d the division reached its assigned position in front of the stronghold, completing the investment. After resting a day, the Thirty-eighth were detached to Sandy Creek, on the right, to support a battery, and several of the com- pany were deployed as skirmishers, exchanging shots with the foe across the creek and having two men killed and two wounded. Remaining in that vicinity till the morning of the 27th, when the general assault was to be made upon the Confederate works, the regiment started to rejoin its brigade, but before reaching it was directed by General Paine to support Duryea's Battery. This it did till about 10 o'clock, when it joined in the assault, advancing by the flank owing to the difficult nature of the ground, and was within four or five hundred feet of the intrenchments when the column was ordered to halt and lie down, obtaining such cover as was possiljle fi'om the fierce fire of the enemy. Unable to advance or retreat, the regiment i-emained there during the rest of the day, returning the Confederate lire with some effect and suffering com- paratively few casualties, the total loss being but three killed and 14 wounded. That loss however, included the gallant commander of the regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Rodman, who on rising to give an order was instantly killed by a sharp-shooter, the command de- volving ui)on Captain Wyman. Major Richardson, absent from ill- ness, returned on the 30th, and was promoted to fill the vacancy. During the truce of the following day the regiment remained at llie front, aiid for 24 bours after the resumption of hostilities, when it was relieved and went back into tbe woods for a brief rest. But after one day's res])ite the Tliirty-eight moved back to their old position in the ravine, facing the intrenchments, where they i"e- THE THIUTY-EIGHTII REGIMENT. 581 maincd for four days, havino- one man killed and one wounded hy the Confederate sharp-shooters while bringing rations from the rear to their comrades. On being again relieved the regiment was de- tailed as part of the column under General Paine to drive away a threatening force near Clinton, being absent four days. It then re- occupied its position in the woods, till the loth of June, when preparations wijre made for the second assault on the works, which had been jjlanned for the following morning. The column of attack was formed early in the night, the Thirty- eighth in the front of the division column, next to the skirmishers and special details. In the gray of morning the order to advance was given by General Paine, and the regiment bravely responded, j)ressing onward till it was inextricably mixed with other commands in the broken and difficult ground and further progress in the face of the murderous fire was impossible. Then came another in- terminable day of hugging the ground under fire from front and rear, the wounded suffering terribly for the care which it was im- p;)ssible to give them. General Paine himself lying disabled with a shattered leg and none being able to assist him till darkness covered the scene. Of 250 men taken into action, the Thirty-eight had lost more than a third; seven having l)een killed on the field, including Second Lieutenant Frederick Holmes of Company G, promoted from sergeant major, and 84 were wounded, 15 fatally. The regiment retired from the front about midnight, and for some days rested at the rear, after which it alternated between the two positions during the rest of the siege. Some of its members wei"e killed and wounded by the sharp-shooters, but no further en- gagement took place, and on the 9th of July Port Hudson sur- rendered. The Thirty-eighth was one of the two regiments from its division designated to occupy the works, but Ijefore the arrange- ments were completed the brigade was selected to relieve General Dudley's at Plains Store, a few miles in the rear, in consequence of which the regiment did not receive the honor intended for it. On the afternoon of the 11th the brigade was ordered to Baton Rouge, making an all-night march, and remained there till after- noon of the 15th, when with two other regiments it embarked on the steamer St. Charles for Donaldsonville, which the Confederate General Taylor, having collected the scattered fragments of his army, was now threatening. The fall of Port Hudson, however, 582 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. and the prompt appearance of a considerable Union force, led him to retire, and on the 1st of August the Thirty-eighth returned to Baton Rouge bj the steamer North America, going into camp just outside the city, near the Asylum on the Highland road. On the 8th of September the regiment moved into the camp vacated by the Forty-ninth Massachusetts, whose time had expired, rechristening it Camp William L. Rodman, and remaining there with no import- ant experience till the 10th of December, when it occupied Camp Banks, vacated by the Thirty-first Massachusetts. At this time Companies A and K were detailed for provost duty in the cit}^ I went to Plaquemine, to guard against guerrillas, a part of the men being mounted, and other details called for most of the available members of the regiment. During the winter the health of the com- mand was very good, though the weather was unusually cold, and there was no more exciting event in the vicinity than an occasional skirmish with guerrillas. A few recruits arrived on the 11th of March, 1864, previous to which a reorganization of the Nineteenth Corps had been made, placing the Thirty-eighth in the Third Brigade, Second Division, the other regiments of the brigade being the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth, One Hundred and Fifty-sixth, One Hundred and Seventy-fifth and One Hundred and Seventy-sixth New York. Gen- eral Banks was now preparing for the Red River expedition. Fort De Russy having been captured on the 14th by General A. J. Smith, and on the 23d the regiment embarked on the steamer Laurel Hill for Alexandria, passing Port Hudson that afternoon and debarking at the destination on the morning of the 25th. The expedition moved out toward Shreveport the 26th, leaving the Third Brigade as a garrison for Alexandria, which was to be the base of supplies. The regiment remained on this duty till the 12th of April, when tidings of disaster to the expedition began to be heard, and the Thirty-eighth, being detached from the garrison, marched out a few miles, embarked on the steamer Mittie Stevens, and began to as- cend the river. Soon after noon next day a band of guerrillas con- cealed on the shore ])Oured a volley into the steamer, killing a sick man lyiug in the cabin and wounding three others. Some conster- nation was produced, but the men soon obtained their weapons and returned the fire, the steamer quickly passing out of range. Land- ing at Grand Ecore that afternoon, the regiment was assigned to THE THIRTY-EIGnTU REGIMENT. 583 the Second Brigade, Second Division, and at once joined in forti- fying the position, to which Banks's command had retreated. The Thirty-eighth remained in the front line, some two miles from the town, behind the strong intrenchments, till the 21st, Avhcn preparations for the retreat to Alexandria were completed. The sick were i)laced on transports, whatever stores could not be re- moved were destroyed, and at 5 o'clock the column, led by the Second Division of the Nineteenth Corps, started on its march tiirough the forest, covering 40 miles during the following night and day. On the morning of the 23d, while marching along the Cane river, the column was fired upon by Confederate artillery from a point in advance, and after some preliminary movements the Thirty-eighth with other troops, were sent across the river, deployed as skirmishers, and with a line of battle in support drove the op- posing force out of sight after a sharp little fight, in which the regi- ment lost Captain Julius M. Lathrop of Company I mortally wounded, four enlisted men killed or fatally hurt and six others wounded. Following this engagement the regiment was detailed to support a battery, and resumed the march as the rear of the column, except for a slight covering force of cavalry, which continually skirmished with the closely-pursuing enemy. Three days of hard marching brought the entire force safely to Alexandria, where the Thirty- eighth rejoined its brigade ; but the Union gun-boats were above the rapids, and it was not till the 9th of May that they could be got down. Preparations were then at once made for the evacuation of the town ; the soldiers who had worked incessantly to unload the transports now labored as severely to reload them, and on the 11th the regiment broke camp and began the march toward the Missis- si])pi, though the last of the army did not move till the 14th. During the nuirch which followed the enemy kei)t quite too near for comfort, and near evening of the 15th the Second Division went through the village of Marksville on the double quick to assist the cavalry, which was having the worst of a skirmish. The contest was resumed in the morning, the division advancing in line of bat- tle, though the fighting was principally confined to the artillery. Colonel Sharpe of the One Hundred and Fifty-sixth, who commanded the brigade, being absent, and Colonel Smith of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth disabled, the command of the brigade devolved on Lieutenant Colonel Richardson and that of the re2:imcnt on 584 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. Captain Wyman, both of whom won praise. The hostile lino being pressed back across the plains of Mansura did not offer further re- sistance in front, though some skirmishes took place at the rear. The Thirtj'-eighth crossed the Atchafalava on the 18th, and on the banks of that river with occasional changes of camp it remained till afternoon of the 20th, when it resumed the movement toward the Father of Waters. Morganza Bend was reached the following- day, the regiment going into camp on the sandy plain beside the river till the morning of the 30th. The Third Brigade with some other troops then joined in an expedition to the Atchafalaya river, being gone four days, but having no encounter more serious than an exchange of volleys with guerrillas. On tlie 19th of June the regiment went np the Mississippi to Fort Adams, where Inishwack- ers were giving some trouble, making head-quarters on the steamer Starlight and returning to Morganza two days later. This ended the active service of the regiment in Louisiana. It remained as quietly as possible in its sandy and terribly hot camp till the 3d of July, when very early in the morning the entire brigade went aboard the steamer City of Memphis and next day landed at Algiers, the regiment camping near the railroad. On the 20th the Thirty-eighth with some 200 men from other commands embarked on the steamer Karnack, where their position was very precarious, the craft being old and worthless, poorly manned, and the living cargo suffering for room, shelter and food. The sealed orders under which the vessel sailed directed it to Fortress Monroe, and fortu- nately the weather proved favorable, so that no disaster occurred. The destination was reached on the 28th, and the regiment was ordered to proceed without delay to Washington, where it arrived on the afternoon of the 29th, debarking the following morning at Arsenal Wliarf and marching through the city to Georgetown, finally making camp near Chain Bridge. The stay there was short, however, for the following afternoon the regiment marched back to Washington, took cars at the Balti- more and Ohio depot and the next day at noon reached the Monocacy Junction depot, going into camp in a grain field. Staying there till August 4, it ])roceeded by rail to Harper's Ferry, moving on the 6th to the fortifications near Ilalltown, where it was temporarily as- signed to the First Brigade, Second Division, Nineteenth Corps, the brigade commanded by Colonel ^lacauley of the Eleventh Indiana. i THE rniRTY-EIGnTTI REGIMENT. 585 The regiment was now a part of the Army of the Shenandoah inuler General Sheridan, and on the 10th the advance southward began, ending after three days' sharp marching with the army confronting the Confederates under General Early near Cedar Creek. On the night of the 16th the Union army began a retrogade movement, and on the evening of the 18th went into camp near Charlestown, the Thirty-eighth rejoining its own brigade on the 20th. With the rest of the army, ^he regiment was called to arms August 21 by an attack on the outposts, and that evening fell back to the stronger })osition near Halltown, which was further fortified, where the army remained till the 28th, awaiting an attack, which Early did not make. Then came an advance of the Union forces to Summit Point, a few miles beyond Charlestown, with skirmish- ing but no serious conflict. A movement was made to Berryville on the 3d of September, something of an engagement taking ])lace between the Union advance and the enemy; the Third Brigade forming line of battle on a ledge and lying there during the night. The contest not being renewed in the morning, the regiment was detached from the brigade and advanced some distance, where it soon constructed a strong line of works. This position, fronting Winchester, was held till the battle of the Opequan, the 19tli. Breaking camp before light that morning, the regiment with its corjjs followed the Sixth Corps to the battle-field, the Third Brigade forming the left of the front line of the Nineteenth Corps and con- necting with the Sixth. At the opening of the battle the brigade advanced rapidly, and owing to the conformation of the ground be- came separated from its connections, when the Confederates took advantage of the situation and by a sharp attack crumbled the brigade, including the Thirty-eighth, after a stubborn resistance. Colonel Sharpe and Lieutenant Colonel Richardson, commanding the brigade and the regiment respectively, were wounded and taken from the field, and Major Allen (recently promoted from captain) assisted by his few remaining officers rallied the command and re- turned with it to the front in time to take part in the final victorious charge of the entire Union army. The loss of the Thirty -eighth during the battle was eight killed, 38 wounded, several fatally, eight made prisoners and one missing. The colors were at one time in great danger of capture, but were saved through the bravery and coolness of the bearers and their iruard. 586 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Bivouacking that night near Winchester, the regiment took part next day in the general advance, finding the Confederates in a strong position at Fisher's Hill, from which they were driven on the 22d by a flank movement of the Eighth Corps, supported by a charge of the rest of the army in front. In the pursuit the Thirty- eighth had one man killed by the fire of a party in ambush, and continuing the chase during the night reached Woodstock the fol- lowing morning. With little rest the movement continued till the 25th, when Harrisonburg was reached and the tired brigade went into camp for four days. On the 29th a portion of the army went to Mount Crawford in support of a cavalry reconnaissance, the Thirty-eighth acting as flankers during the day and going on picket at night. Returning to Harrisonburg next day, the regiment re- mained there till October 6, then began the march down the Valley, and on the 10th halted at Cedar Creek, where the camp of the army was fortified to some extent. The critical battle of Cedar Creek occurred the 19tli. On that morning the Third Brigade was under orders to make a reconnais- sance, and daylight found it in line about to set forth, when the sound of the attack on the Eighth Corps sent it at once to the breastworks. But the attack did not come from the front, and the brigade, which formed the left of its corps, next to the Eighth, was soon involved by the victorious flank attack of the Confederates, and under a severe cross fire the line gave way, the brigade com- mander. Colonel Macauley, being severely wounded. The disorgan- ized forces were finally rallied, the Thirty-eighth taking a place in the second line, and when the Union advance was made, under the inspiration of Sheridan's presence, the regiment returned to the ■camp which it had occupied the night before, though everything left there had been taken or destroyed by the Confederates during their temporary occupancy. Five of the regiment had been killed or mortally hurt, 14 wounded and some 35 captured. After a feint of following the retreating enemy which only took the regiment a few miles away, it returned to the old camp at Cedar Creek, where it remained till the 9th of November, when it marched to Camj) Russell, a ])oint on the Opequan creek between Kernstown and Winchester. Log huts had been built and it was supposed the winter would be passed there, when on the 20th of December the brigade was ordered to Winchester and the Thirty-eiuhth were do- THE TIIUITY-FAGIITH REGIMENT. 087 tailed as provost guard. Their service in this capacity, however, was brief, for on the Gth of January, I8G0, the comfortable quar- ters in buildings near the Court House were vacated and the I'cgi- ment marched before daylight to Stephenson's Depot, the railroad terminus, a few miles from the city. There it was soon joined by the rest of the l)rigade under Lieutenant Colonel Richardson — the Thirty-eighth commanded by Major Allen, — all being packed on and in freight cars ; in which most uncomfortable position the whole divis- ion rode during the day and night, in a severe storm, to Baltimore. Reaching that city on the morning of the 7th, the regiment was quartered in the cavalry stables at Camj) Carroll till the 13th, when it marched through the city and Avith two other regiments of the brigade took passage on the steamer Oriental for Savannah, Ga. Stopping at Fortress Monroe for supplies, the steamer sailed thence on the loth, and four days later reached the mouth of the Savannah river, after a rough passage. There it waited till the 23d for a pilot to guide it through the partially removed obstructions and torpedoes, when it steamed up to the city and the following morning the regiment debarked. Sherman's army, which then occupied the city, was about departing on the march through the Carolinas, and after l)L'ing quartered in a vacant warehouse for a few days the Thirty -eighth encamped on the outskirts of the town at the edge of a swamp. The calls on the regiment for fatigue, patrol and picket duty were incessant till the 4th of March, when the brigade assembled, moved through the streets and the Thirty -eighth with two other regiments embarked on the steamer Ashland the following day. Sailing at once to Hilton Head, orders were received to report at "Wilmington, N. C, which had just been captured by General Terry, and sailing ou the 7th the Ashland reached that city on the 10th. On report- ing to General Terry, Lieutenant Colonel Richardson was directed to proceed with his command to Morehead City, and on reaching that point the following afternoon cars were taken for Newbern en route for Kinston, where General Slocum was being opposed by the Confederates, who hoped to defeat his army before the arrival of Sherman's. On reaching Newbern, however, it was learned that Slocum had proved victorious, and the service of the brigade not being needed it went into camp in the vicinity till the loth, M'hen it returned to 588 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAE. Morehead City and encamped in a burying-ground. Morehead being the base of supplies for Sherman's army, the regiment found ample employ in unloading vessels, loading cars, and the other duties naturally falling to it ; which duties continued till the base of sup- plies was changed. On the 8th of April camp was broken and the Thirty -eighth with another regiment of its brigade took cars to Newbcrn and thence on to Goldsboro. which was reached next morning, and on the departure of Sherman's army the following day the regiment was assigned to duty in town, four companies as provost guard and the remainder in care of commissary stores and the like. This duty continued till the 1st of May, when the com- mand was relieved and on the 2d took cars to Morehead City, where on the 4th it embarked on the transport Thetis with another regi- ment and a cargo of horses. The voyage this time was by way of Hilton Head to Savannah, where on the 7th the regiment went into camp west of the city, taking the place of other troops in doing the light duties which were required of the military imder the able administration of affairs by General Grover. Major Allen was pro- vost marshal of the city, and the time passed very slowly during the long hot days while the regiment waited orders to proceed homeward. These came at last, and after considerable delay the rolls were prepared, the recruits were transferred to the Twenty-sixth Massa- chusetts, and then came another wait till transportation could be obtained. The small blockade-running .steamer Fairbanks was finally available, June 30, and the regiment went aboard, steaming slowly to Boston, which was reached late at night of the 6th of July. The soldiers were then ordered to Galloj)'s Island, where they were, quartered in the barracks till the 13th, when they were paid and mustered out. The regiment then i)rocceded in a body to Cam- bridge, where a rousing reception was tendered by the citizens, after which the members dispersed to their homes. THE THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT. T"^JI1*] Tliirty-iiiiitli Kegiment encamped at Lynniield, each of the companies Avith the exception of A and G being recruited from single towns and coming to camp in an advanced state of organization. Company D was the first to be mustered, at dif- ferent times during the month of July, 1862; from the 12th to the 2oth of August seven others were ready for the mustering officer, and on the 2d of September G and H completed the list. Colonel Timothy Ingraham was at first designated to command the organiza- tion, iMit he was commissioned colonel of the Thirty-eighth and on the 1st of September Colonel Davis took command of the Thirty- ninth Regiment, which was transferred to Camp Stanton at Box- ford as soon as its quota was filled. There it remained for but a few days, setting out for Washington September 6, with the follow- ing roster of officers : — Colonel, P. Stearns Davis of Cambridge; lieutenant colonel, Charles L. Peirson of Salem; major, Henry M. Tremlett of Boston; surgeon, Calvin G. Page of Boston; assistant surgeons, James L. Chipman of Milford and Henry H. Mitcliellof East Bridgewater; chaplain, Edward Beecher French of Chatham; adjutant, Emery Washburn, Jr.; (|uar- termaster, Edward E. White, both of Cambridge; sergeant major, C. Henry Chapman of I^rovidence, K. I.; quartermaster sergeant, H. B. Lcigliton of Cambridge; hospital steward, Frederick Harvey of Dor- chester; })rincipal musician, George Mark of Quincy. Company A — (Captain, George S. Nelson; first lieutenant, Henry W. Moulton; second lieutenant, George H. Wiley, all of South Dan vers. Company B. Roxbury — Cajatain, William W. Graham; first lieuten- ant, William T. Spear; second lieutenant, Julius M. Swain. Company C, Mcdford — Captain, John Hutcbins; first lieutenant. Perry (Jolman; second lieutenant, Isaac F. R. Hosea. Company D. Quincy — Captain. EdAvard A. Spear; first lieutenant, William G. Sheen; second lieutenant, Charles H. Porter. Company E, Somerville — Cai)tain, Frederic R. Kinsley; first lieuten- ant, Joseph J. Giles; second lieutenant, Willard C. Kinsley. 590 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. Company F, Taunton — Captain, Joseph J. Cooper; first lieutenant, Isaac D. Paul ; second lieutenant, John I). Eeed. Company G — Captain. Ezra J. Trull of Waxertown; first lieuten- ant, Charles W. Thompson of Boston; second lieutenant, C. Henry Chapman of Cambridge. Company H — Cajitam, Charles N. Hunt of Quincy: first lieutenant, Eobert Rhodes; second lieutenant, Robert Williams, both of Dor- chester. Company I, Natick — Captain, Ephraim H. Brigham; first lieuten- ant, Simon Mulligan; second lieutenant, "William H. Brown. Company K, Woburn — Captain, John I. Richardson; first lieuten- ant, Luke R. Tidd; second lieutenant, Luther F. Wyman. The regiment vrent by way of Boston, New York and Philadel- phia to Washington. While passing through Baltimore it was ordered by General W^ool to Ellicott's Mills, Md.,but as it was with- out camp equipage or transportation the order was countermanded, and the national capital was reached on the 8th of September. After passing one night in the city, the regiment crossed the Potomac Ijy Long Bridge and proceeded to Camp Chase, on Arling- ton Hights, where it formed part of a temporary brigade under Gen- eral Henry S. Briggs, the other regiments in the brigade being the Thirty-seventh Massachusetts, Tenth Vermont, Eleventh New Hampshire and Twenty-first Connecticut. After remaining there until the 12th, the regiment changed its camp to a piece of woods near Fort Tillinghast and took up the duty of picketing the section between that fortification and Fort Craig, the next fort in the chain. This assignment lasted but two days, when two regiments of the brigade, the Thirty-ninth and Tenth, with Battery J) of the First Pennsylvania Light Artillery, were ordered to Edwards Ferry on the Potomac to guard a 13-mile section of the river from Seneca Creek to Conrad's Ferry, the detail being under command of Colonel Davis. The Tenth halted at Seneca Creek while the Thirty-ninth and the battery proceeded to the Ferry where on the 17th they took ])Osition for the protection of the river. General George Stoneman soon after took command of the troops in that vicinity, returning Colonel Davis to the com- mand of his regiment, and in the routine duty of guarding the fords, the time passed till the 12th of October. On that day the regiment was concentrated at Conrad's Ferry in the hope of intercepting Stuart, whose cavalry column had been making a circuit in the rear of the Army of the Potomac, l)ut the daring leader with his brave THE TIIIRTY-NINTII BEGIMENT. 591 detachment crossed the river at White's Ford, less than two miles above, and was safe on the Virginia side without a blow having been struck to check his successful retreat. The regiment was ordered October 14 to Seneca Creek, and three days after arriving there it became part of a brigade under command of General Cuvier Grover, comprising the Thirty-ninth, Tenth Vermont, Fourteenth New Hampshire and Twenty-third Maine Regiments, to which Com- pany F of the First Rhode Island Cavalry and a section of Battery D were temporarily attached. Colonel Davis with his command marched on the 20th to Muddy Branch, three miles south of the Creek, where the regiment remained for three weeks, furnishing a daily detail of 100 for picket duty. On the 11th of Xovember Colonel Davis took command of the brigade, and gathering the regiments scattered along the river marched to Offut's Cross Roads, within 16 miles of Washington, where on the 14th a camp of in- struction was formed and occupied till the 21st of December. Then the command by a single day's march returned to Poolesville, going into cami) near the village for winter quarters. Colonel Davis con- tinued in command of the brigade till the 5th of January, 1863, when it was ascertained that Colonel Jewett of the Tenth Vermont was the senior officer, and he took the command, Colonel Davis re- turning to his regiment. The winter camp was occupied till the middle of April, when the Thirty-ninth bade adieu to the brigade and marched for Washirgton. The capital was reached on the ITth, and there the regiment remained on guard and jiatrol duty, till after the battle of Gettysburg had been fought. Early in the evening of July 9 the regiment took cars for Point of Rocks, opposite Harper's Ferry, where \t arrived 24 hours after and at once climbed to Maryland Hights and bivouacked. A day or two later it was brigaded with the Eighth, Forty -sixth and Fifty- first Massachusetts — nine months' regiments whose enlistment had nearly or quite expired but who had volunteered their services to assist in driving the Confederate army from the loyal states. The brigade, which was commanded by General Henry S. Briggs, marched toward Funkstown. late in the evening of the 12th, where on the following day it joined the Army of the Potomac, confront- ing the Confederates under General Lee. It was attached as a provisional brigade to the Second Division, First Corps, General Robinson commanding the division and General Xewton the corps. 592 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Next morning the Southern army "was found to have recrossed the Potomac, and after advancing to Williamsport the Union army began a parallel movement southward by way of Berlin, where it crossed the river, through White Plains, Warrenton and Bealton to Rappahannock Station, where the Thirty -ninth arrived on the 27th of July. The nine-months' regiments had now returned to Mas- sachusetts, and at Bealton the Thirty-ninth was attached to the First Brigade of the same division, its associate regiments being the Thirteenth Massachusetts, Sixteenth Maine, Ninety-fourth and One Hundred and Fourth New York and One Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania. The command of the brigade was at that time held by Colonel Coulter of the Eleventh Pennsylvania, but passed at short intervals to General Briggs, Colonel Davis, Colonel T. F. McCoy of the One Hundred and Seventh, and Colonel Samuel H. Leonard of the Thirteenth, who held it during the autumn and winter. Buford's cavalry crossed the river August 1, the Thirty-ninth fol- lowing them across and intrenching on the south bank, where they remained for a week, returning to the north side on the 8th and encamping there till the 16th. They then moved to Stevensburg, halting for a week, marching thence to Raccoon Ford on the Rapi- dan, where with some changes of position they remained till the 9th of October. Then the movement northward began, the regi- ment fording the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford on the 11th, cover- ing the crossing there for a day and then marching in haste to Cen- terville, which was reached at noon of the 14th. The two armies were now confronting each other on the old battle-fields in that vicinity, and that afternoon the Thirty-ninth moved out to Bull Run and went on picket. About noon of the next day the outposts were drawn in and the regiment marched to Cub Run, where before camp could be pitched it was ordered out to the support of the picket line. No engagement transpired, and after waiting for some days in hourly expectation of a battle the regiment on the 19th marched to Hay- market, near Thoroughfare Gap, and next day passed through the Gap, encamjjjng there till the 24th. By this time the Confederate ,army had fallen back behind the Rappahannock and General Meade had moved his forces in that direction, leaving detachments to re- pair and guard the railroad by which su})plios for his army must be forwarded. The Thirty-ninth moved to Kettle Run October 24, where they were detailed to guard the railroad bridge, and remained THE THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 593 till the -ith of November. The 8th found them again in the vicinity of Rappahannock Station, and next day they reached Licking Run, where they encamped till the 23d. The Mine Run campaign was then under consideration, and pre- liminary to that movement the regiment marched to Rappahannock Station once more, so that Avhen the Army of the Potomac set forth on Thanksgiving morning, the 26th, it was in its place in the First Corps. On the morning of the 28th the enemy were encountered near Mine Run, the regiment being on the right of its division, in the center of the line of battle, with two companies deployed as skirmishers. Its only loss was one man wounded on i)icket, though the command suffered much from the inclement weather during the four days that with slight changes of position it remained before the enemy in order of battle. Falling back with the army at night of December 1, the regiment reached Germania Ford that evening and .the following day its corps covered the crossing of the Fifth and Sixth Corps, after which it followed toward the old camps, the Thirty-ninth being the last regiment of the First Corps to recross the river, its left wing crossing in the ponton boats. Encamping on the 3d near Kelly's Ford, the regiment for a time occupied log cabins which the Confederates had erected some time previous for their own Avinter quarters ; but on the 24th it was advanced to Mitcheirs Station, the extreme southern outpost of the Army of the Potomac, where it constructed other quarters and remained till the opening of the spring campaign of 1864. In the consolidation of the Army of 'the Potomac to three corps, preliminary to that movement, the First Corps was one of those discontinued. General Robinson's Division being made the Second Division, Fifth Corps. The brigades Avere little changed in their make-up, the First being still commanded by Colonel Leonard, and in addition to the two Bay State regiments was composed of the Sixteenth Maine, One Hundred and Fourth New York, Ninetieth and One Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania. The story of the breaking of camp and the march to the Wilderness battle-field on the 4th and 5th of May is similar to that of other regiments of the corps, which crossed the Rapidan at Germania Ford. The brigade was in lead of the division on the 5th, and after passing most of the forenoon near the Lacy house was ordered at 1 o'clock to the support of General Griffin, who had attacked Ewell's advance on the 504 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Orange tnrn|)ike, and had been repulsed. Tlie arrival of the Sec- ond Division, Fifth Corps, restored the line of battle and the enemy- were driven from that portion of the field, which remained debat- able ground until the end of the battle.. Position was then taken at the front and later in the afternoon the brigade made an assault on the enemy, but there was a failure of other troops to co-operate and no good results were accomplished, although the brigade suffered a loss of about 300 in killed, wounded and missing, of Avhich the regiment had two killed and 18 wounded. Colonel Peter Lyle of the Ninetieth Pennsylvania took command of the brigade on the 6th, Colonel Leonard being ill, and led it during the remainder of the campaign. It was relieved in the morning of the 6th and went to the rear, near the Lacy house, but in a short time was sent to the left to hold the Brock road, in con- tinuation of the Second Corps line, and formed part of the command of General Birney, where it intrenched and remained till the move- ment toward Spottsylvania began at night of .the 7th. General Cutler's Division, followed bj Robinson's, led the column, next to the cavalry, in this movement, and next morning as Spottsylvania Court House was approached the enemy's cavalry, artillery, and finally Anderson's (formerly Longstreet's) Corps disputed the ad- vance. The division was formed with Lyle's Brigade on the left of the road to the Court House in column of regiments, and ad- vanced against the Confederate position, but the intrenchments were too strong and too heavily manned, and after an ol)stinate contest, during which the J'hirty-ninth hung to the position close up to the enemy, the division was flanked and forced to fall back, the Maryland Brigade, which had been in reserve, checking the advance of the Confederates. General Robinson being severely wounded at this time, and General Baxter commanding a brigade having been wounded in the Wilderness, General H. H. Lockwood, who had just been assigned to duty with the Army of the Potomac, was placed in command of the division ; but two days later he Avas ordered to duty near Washington, when the division was broken up, one of its brigades being assigned to each of the other three divisions, the First Brigade being attached to the Fourth Division, of which General Cutler had succeeded to the command after the fatal wounding of General Wadsworth at the Wilderness. Another engagement in which the Fifth Corps took a })rominent THE THIRTT-NINTH REGIMENT. 595 part occurred on the 10th, in which the Thirty-ninth suffered severely, lying in front of the works, exposed to a heavy fire, and taking' an active part in the assault. In the two engagements of the 8th and 10th at Laurel Hill the loss of the regiment reached 135 in killed, wounded and missing, six being killed on the 8th and nine on the 10th. The first officer of the regiment to fall in action was First Lieutenant Isaac I). Paul, who was mortally wounded on the 8th and died soon after in the hands of the enemy, while Lieu- tenant Colonel Peirson was wounded on the 10th. There were a few casualties, one man being killed, on the 12th, in the assault upon the hostile lines, the Thirty-ninth being in support. After the re- pulse the regiment was moved to the left to maintain connection with the Sixth Corps, a part of which had been withdrawn to sup- port the Second Corps in its assault at the Angle. The next night the Fifth Corps moved around through the forest in a heavy rain to the L^nion left, and in that vicinity the Thirty-ninth remained, making demonstrations but not becoming engaged, till the move- ment toward the North* Anna on the 21st. When this movement began the pickets were necessarily left behind to conceal the al)- sence of the main body till it should be well on its way, and several members of the regiment were captured by the enemy in consequence. The North Anna was reached on the 23d, and during the after- noon was crossed at Jericho Ford without much opposition. Line of battle was formed half a mile from the river, but before all of Cutler's Division was in position the Confederates delivered an at- tack which was repulsed, the Thirty-ninth taking a share in the fighting, having one man killed and some wounded. Various changes "of position occurred during the three days Avhich followed, while the two armies confronted each other, and the regiment was for a portion of the time under fire ; but at night of the 26th the river was recrossed and the progress of the Union army to the left Avas continued. While across the North Anna the Thirty-ninth had been surprised and gratified to welcome back to duty those of their members who had hcQn made prisoners at Laurel Hill on the 8th, who with other Union prisoners of war had been recaptured by Gen- eral Sheridan's cavalry at Beaver Dam while en route for Richmond. During the next few days the regiment was continually on the march or the picket line, but not till the 30th at Bethesda Church did it again face the foe. There it took position, intrenched, and 596 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. remained till the 5th of June, with ahnost daily skirmishing, but no general action and no fatal casualties to its members. The movement on the 5th was some miles to the rear and left, in prepa- ration for the crossing of the Chickahominy ; but before entering upon an undertaking of so vast proportions as the proposed trans- fer of the Army of the Potomac south of the James, General Grant allowed the weary troops a few days of very much needed rest, although the operations of the two armies in front of Cold Harbor were continually going on. Lieutenant Colonel Peirson returned to the regiment on the 10th, and at that time the Fifth Corps was again reorganized into four divisions, commanded' respectively by Generals Griffin, Ayers, Crawford and Cutler. Under this arrange- ment Colonel Lyle's command became the First Brigade, Third Division. While on the march on the 11th the Thirty-ninth Regi- ment was transferred to the Second Brigade, but within an hour was returned to the First, where it remained. During the 11th and 12th the Fifth Corps moved south to Long Bridge, where it crossed the Chickahominj*, and turned sharply to the west, moving in the direction of Richmond till the Confederate outposts were encountered near White Oak Swamp. The division then deployed covering the roads leading toward Richmond, so as to give the impression of a movement in force against the Southern capital from this direction, while in fact the Army of the Potomac, protected from observation, moved swiftly past on its way to the James river. The other corps being well out of the way. General Warren withdrew his command after dark of the loth and followed, crossing the James at Wilcox Landing on the morning of the 16th, and after an all-night march reached the scene of action in front of Petersburg on the morning of the 17th. That day was consumed in getting the corps into the best position for the active work con- templated, and the regiment passed the night in a ravine well up toward the enemy's outposts, where several members were wounded and one was killed by musketry. Next morning an advance of the corps pressed the Confederates back across the Norfolk and Peters- burg Railroad to their inner line of works; but the contemitlated assault on these was given up, and the Thirty-ninth, taking position near the Marshall house, and establishing their picket line at a point afterward known as the Crater, sheltered themselves with a stronti" line of earthworks. THE THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 597 The regiment remained here till the 24th, meeting almost daily- losses from sharp-shooters, so that when the movement to the rear and left was made the list of casualties since reaching Petersburg amounted to five killed and a large number wounded. The next location was in the neighborhood of the Jerusalem Plank Road at the left of the Union line, and in that vicinity the command remained for several weeks. It was strengthened in numbers on the 25th of June by the transfer from the Twelfth Massachusetts Regiment, whose term of service was about expiring, of 241 veterans and recruits, 125 of whom were present for duty, and on the 13th of July 103 were in like manner transferred from the Thirteenth Massachusetts. A sad loss came to the regiment on the 11th of July, when a shell from the Confederate Fort Mahone, better known as Fort Damnation, exploded in the regimental head-quarters, mortally wounding Colonel Davis, who died before he could be taken to the hospital. "A pure patriot, a brave and faithful soldier, none more respected among his fellows," was the testimony of one who knew him intimately in the camp and field. The day following his death the regiment moved into a large earthwork on the west side of the Jerusalem Plank Road, a third of a mile south of Fort Sedgwick, which was named Fort Davis in his honor, and remained there for a month, strengthening the works and picketing the front. It was relieved August 15 by colored troops of the Ninth Corps nnd moved to the rear, preparatory to the demonstration against the Weldon Railroad which was to result so disastrously to the Thirty-ninth. The movement began on the morning of the 18th and the rail- road was reached at 9.30 o'clock by Griffin's Division, followed by Ayres's. These two divisions were in advance of Crawford's, Cut- ler's following, and while they were engaged in the destruction of the railroad the latter formed on the right of Ayers's Division, with which Lyle's Brigade connected. Soon after the corps was in posi- tion General Heth of the Confederate army attacked Aycrs and Lyle with great energy, and both were forced back temporarily, though the ground was recovered and the assailants were finally repulsed with heavy loss. The Thirty-ninth had six killed, some made prisoners, and many wounded, including Lieutenant Colonel Peirson very severely, — the regiment being left in command of Captain F. R. Kinsley. First Lieutenant Spear was mortally wounded. The position occupied was intrenched during the night, 598 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAR. and as anticipated a more determined rebel attack was made the following day. The advances in front of the Thirty-ninth were repelled, but late in the afternoon General Mahone brolie through the Union skirmish line to the right of Crawford's Division and secured a position on the flank and in the rear of Lyle's Brigade. The latter, driven from their works by the artillery fire from the Union batteries, could only run into the enveloping lines of Confed- erates to be made prisoners. Thus the brigade was almost de- stroyed, and the division was heavily depleted, the loss of Crawford in the engagement being over 1,800. The loss of the Thirty-ninth in killed was only four, but during the two days its wounded num- bered 32 and the missing 245. Among the captured on the 19th was Captain Kinsley, leaving the command of the remnant of the regiment to Captain Nelson. The Union troops were rallied and the lost ground regained, but next day the Thirty-ninth were withdrawn from the woods where they had fought so heroically, and with other troops formed a line in the open field at the rear, which was intrenched and held, none of the assaults made on this position by the rebels during the 21st meet- ing with success or causing further loss to the regiment. The Con- federates then relinquished the effort to regain possession of the Weldon Railroad, and the Federals proceeded to fortify the vicinity so that any further attempts to dislodge them would have been hope- less. In the month which followed the Thirty-ninth moved from point to point, though never leaving the vicinity. During this time a final reorganization of the Fifth Corps was made. Cutler's Division being discontinued and its troops attached to Crawford's Division. What had been the First and Second Bri- gades of the Second Division a year before were consolidated to one brigade under command of Colonel Richard Coulter of the Eleventh Pennsylvania, being known as the Second Brigade, Third Division, Fifth Corps, and consisting of the Thirtj'-ninth Massachusetts, Six- teenth Maine, Ninety-seventh and One Hundred and Fourth New York, Eleventh, Eighty-eighth, Ninetieth and One Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Regiments. Subsequently the Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania was assigned to another brigade. In October, Colonel Coulter was relieved from command of the brigade by General ITen)'y Baxter, who had recovered from the wound received at the Wilderness. The One Hundred and Fourth New York Regiment, TUE TUIRTY-NINTII REGIMENT. 599 having- no commissioned officers after the battles on the Weldon Railroad, was reinforced with some 300 recruits and placed imder command of Captain W. W. Graham of the Thirty -ninth, with Sec- ond Lieutenant Charles K. Conn of Woburn as adjutant, and thus officered served through the war as corps headquarters guard. A reconnaissance to the left, in support of cavalry, was made on the 15th of September, and on its return the brigade was detailed as garrison for the forts at the left of the Union line, the Thirty- ninth with some of the small regiments being assigned to Fort Dushane in the flank line of works, beside which the regiment en- camped. Another reconnaissance occurred on the 29th, ending with a skirmish at Poplar Spring Church, and next day the regi- ment took position inside Fort Dushane, where it remained till October IG. It then moved to the vicinity of Fort Wadsworth in the front line of works, garrisoning Fort Conahey for a few days at the close of the month, but with that exception remaining near Fort Wadsworth till the 5th of December, when it again moved to the rear to join the Fifth Corps in an expedition. The regiment was then commanded by Major Tremlett, who on the 5th of Novem- ber had returned from duty at the Massachusetts draft rendezvous. This expedition was sent southward to destroy the Weldon Rail- road in that direction, as the Confederates had been using it to within a few miles of Petersburg, and set forth on the morning of the 7th, the Thirty-ninth leading the infantry column. Next day the regiment picketed the Halifax road at its junction with the Jerusalem Plank Road over which the column was passing, follow- ing during the night and joining the main body at Jarrett's Station, where the work of destruction was begun. There it again went on picket, and when the column started on its return on the lOtli the Thirty-ninth were designated as the rear guard. The return began about noon of the 11th, and during the day there were several exchanges of shots with the enemy's cavalry, while four members of the regiment who fell out exhausted were made prisoners by the hostile horsemen hovering in the rear of the retreating column. The return march ended near night of the 12th, and four days later winter quarters beside the Jerusalem Plank Road were occupied. Early in the morning of February 5, 1865, the regiment was ordered to the Gurley House where it joined the corps for another expedition, marching at 8 o'clock toward Dinwiddle Court House, 600 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAR. within two miles of which it halted at night. As usual the regi- ment went on picket, but next morning was withdrawn and followed the brigade in its march toward Hatcher's Run, crossing Avhich in the afternoon order of battle was formed with the Thirty-ninth on the right of the first line. The advance which followed encountered the enemy in force -and the line was intrenched at Dabney's Mills. An engagement took place, in which General Crawford's Division, after gaining some advantages, was forced to fall back. The fight- ing was renewed the following day, though a severe storm prevailed, the Thirty-ninth being on the skirmish line and driving the Con- federate skirmishers Ijack to their main works. An attack late in the afternoon was not successful, and the contest was abandoned, though the Union lines were extended to the Eun, and the brigade a few days after removed its camp to that vicinity. The regiment still remained under the command of Major Trem- lett. Lieutenant Colonel Peirson being disabled by his wound. In consequence of that disability he was mustered out under a General Order of the War Department January 4, 1865, having been com- missioned but not mustered as colonel of the regiment. Several reviews were held during March, in which the Thirty-ninth partici- pated, — one on the 9th by Major General Robinson, the former divis- ion commander ; a corps review on the 14th Ijy General Warren ; one before the Secretary of War on the 16th, and another by President Lincoln on the 25tli. On the latter occasion the regiment with other troops from its vicinity had been ordered very early in the morning toward the right to assist in the recovery of Fort Stedman, which had been captured by a dash from the Confederate lines ; their services not being needed they marched back to the Gurley House where they were reviewed by the President and after- ward took position in support of a contemplated attack by the Sixth Corps ; but that movement was carried no further than to gain the enemy's skirmish line, and late in the evening the regiment with its division returned to the cam}) near Hatcher's Run. The final campaign of the war, so far as the Thirty-ninth were concerned, began on the morning of the 29th of March, when the regiment broke camp long before light and during the day marched to the left till the Boydtown Plank Road was reached, where the enemy were found in some force but were driven out, the Fifth Corps holding the position till morning of the 31st, the Thirty-ninth being THE THIBTY-NINTU BEGIMENT. 601 on picket durinir the entire time. Then an advance was made to the vicinity of White Oak Road, over a difficult branch of Gravelly Run, where a heavy attack was made by the Confederates under the direction of General Lee in person, who was on the scene anxious to protect his only remaining lines of communication, threatened by this vigorous movement. Before the fierce onset in front and on the Hank, Ayers's Division which was in advance gave way, followed by Crawford's which had been i)laced in support a few hundred yards in the rear. The Thirty-ninth, having won renown on many a skirmish line, were deployed and thrown forward to check if possible the ad- vance of the enemy till the broken lines could be reformed. The attempt was desperate and fruitless. The thin skirmish line was swept back with the loss of many of its bravest and best. Major Tremlett received a wound necessitating immediate aminitation of his leg, from the effects of which he died on the 6th of June; Cai3- tain Willard C. Kinsley also received a wound from which he died the following day. Two enlisted men were killed on the field, while the loss in wounded was large. The casualty to Major Tremlett devolved the command of the regiment upon Captain Cooper, who continued in that capacity till the close of the campaign. The arrival of reinforcements finally enabled General Warren to regain the lost ground and make a further advance, moving his corps to the assistance of General Sheridan, who with his cavalry was at close quarters with the enemy at Dinwiddle Court House. During the night General Pickett, the Confederate commander, fell back to Five Forks, and there next day he was attacked and routed, most of his command being captured. The Thirty-ninth occupied a position in the front line of Crawford's Division, on the extreme right of the Fifth Corps, and did not suffer severely though engaged till after dark. Next day the march was continued toward the north- west, the Southside Railroad being crossed and a halt made at night near Hickanock Creek, where the enemy exchanged shots but dis- appeared soon after a skirmish line had been established by the Thirty-ninth. There were other slight skirmishes during the week that followed while the Fifth Corps with the rest of the Army of the Potomac followed up and closed in about the dwindling Army of Xorthern Virginia. After the latter surrendered the Thirty- ninth with other troops remained at Appomattox till the work of paroling was completed, starting on the loth of April on the re- 602 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. turn to Petersburg. At Blacks and Whites Station on the South- side Railroad a halt was made on the 21st, and the regiment re- mained there till the 1st of May. During this time some of its members who had been prisoners in the hands of the enemy returned to duty, including Captain F. R. Kinsley, who resumed command. Setting out on the 1st of May, the regiment marched to Arling- ton Hights by way of Petersburg, Richmond and Fredericksburg, encamping near Fort Albany on the 12th. The routine of camp life there was broken on the 23d by the grand review of the Army of the Potomac in Washington, and directly afterward the disband- ing of the army began. The recruits having been transferred to the Thirty-second Massachusetts, the muster out of the original members of the Thirty-ninth took place on the 2d of June, and two days later the regiment crossed the Potomac for the last time and took transportation from Washington for Boston, being quar- tered in the barracks at Readville on the 6th. On that day Colonel Tremlett died at his home in Boston from the effects of his wound^ and the news of his fate brought much sadness to the members of the regiment, by whom he was held in high esteem. He had been commissioned lieutenant colonel and colonel, but not mustered to the offices. After a week in camp at Readville the regiment was paid and discharged, closing an honorable record. It is worthy of mention that of the 250 lives which it gave for its country, 111 were lost in Confederate prison pens. THE FORTIETH REGIMENT. THE Fortieth Regiment began to gather at Camp Edwin ^L Stffnton, Lynnfiekl, early in August, 1862, the first company, B, being filled and mustered on the 22d, Company A the day following, two others on the 31st, two on the 1st of September, three on the 3d, and the last, G, on the 5th. Major Burr Porter of the United States xVrmy, who had served with distinction on Gen- eral Fremont's staff, was selected for colonel, but did not join the command till after it reached Washington; previous to his arrival it was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Dalton, an exj)ericnccd militia officer, under whose lead it left Massachusetts September 8, reaching Washington at night of the 11th and the following day marching to Fort Ethan Allen, on the Virginia side of the Potomac near Chain Bridge. The regiment was officered as follows : — Colonel, Burr Porter of New York; lieutenant colonel, JosajDh A. Dalton of Salem ; major, Joseph M. Day of Barnstable ; surgeon, Oliver A. Brewster of Pittsfield; assistant sargeous, Andrew M. Smith of Williamstown and Jonathan Cass of Great Barringtou; cliaplain, J. Henry Thayer; adjutant, A. Parker Browne, both of Salem; quar- termaster, Edward Hitchings, of Saugus; sergeant major, Daniel E. Boweu; quartermaster sergennt, Charles A. Campbell, both of Chelsea; commissary sergeant, Edmund D. Bigelowof Boston; hospital steward, Sidney A. Merriam of TopsOeld; principal musician, Martin Cunniflf of Salem. Company A — Captain, James T. Lurvey of Lowell; first lieutenant, Eugene A. Albee of Marlboro; second lieutenant, Charles B. Leathe of Reading. Company B — Captain, Daniel H. Jolinson, Jr. ; first lieutenant, Jo3ei)li II. Webb; second lieutenant, George C. Bancroft, all of Salem. Company C, Lawrence — Captain, Stephen D. Stokes; first lieiiten- ant, Eugene J. Mason; second lieutenant, John F. Weare. Company D — Captain, Henry F. Danfortli of Salem: first lieuten- ant. Stephen C. Rose of Marblehead; second lieutenant, John Pollock of Salem. Company E — Captain, Charles A. Jackson of Chelsea; first lieuten- 604 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAIi. ant, Oreb F. Mitchell; second lieutenant, Southwortli Loring, both of Middleboro. Company F — Captain, Kenben L. Garlick; first lieutenant, William H. Cundy; second lieutenant, George F. Howard, all of Boston. Company G — Captain, George E. Marshall; first lieutenant, William A. Smith, both of l^helsea; second lieutenant, Charles G. Cox of Salem. Company H — Captain, Horatio Jenkins, Jr., of ChelSea; first lieu- tenant, Wisner Park; second lieutenant, Eugene H. Richards, both of Attleboro. Company I — Captain, William H. Harper of Sandwich; first lieu- tenant, Benjamin H. Manning of Marshfield ; second lieutenant, Hartwell W. Freeman of Sandwich. Company K, Beverly — Captain, Edward L. Giddings; first lieuten- ant, John F. Piper; second lieutenant, Leonard G. Dennis. While encamped at Fort Ethan Allen the Fortieth was nominally a part of General Abercrombie's Brigade ; but that organization was a rather indefinite one, comprising whatever troops chanced to be located in the vicinity of Chain Bridge, and the regiment had no association with and little knowledge of the other troops in its neighborhood. As other regiments arrived and the force in the de- fenses increased it was reorganized, the Fortieth being moved to Munson's Hill, five miles to the south on the Leesburg and Alexan- dria turnpike. A week later it was advanced to Miner's Hill, three miles further to the front, just outside the line of forts forming the Washington defenses, and near the village of Falls Church. There it was attached to the Second Brigade of Abercrombie's Division, commanded by General Robert Cowdin, the regiments associated with the Fortieth in the brigade being the Eleventh Rhode Island, Twenty-second Connecticut and Fifteenth Virginia. The early his- tory of the regiment was not marked by activity. It remained in camp near Miner's Hill, picketing the front in that vicinity, till the 28th of December, when about an hour before midnight the brigade w'as called upon to re{)air at once to Mills Cross Roads, near which the Confederate cavalry under General Stuart had made a dash upon the Union lines ; but the command was only in time to capture a small rear guard, the main body of the enemy having disappeared. Return- ing to camp next evening, the regiment remained there till February 12, 1863, when it was moved to the vicinity of Hunter's Chapel, going into quarters there and picketing the roads in that vicinity. On the adjournment of Congress, March 4, without the nomina- tion of Colonel Cowdin to be brigadier liavine; been confirmed. THE FOBTIETH REGIMENT. 605 that officer's commission expired by limitation and he returned to Massachusetts, when Colonel Porter, as senior officer, took com- mand of the brigade, leaving the Fortieth again under Lieutenant Colonel Dalton. Camp was broken at 9 o'clock in the evening of the 30tli of March, and the regiment set out through a driving storm of snow and wind for Vienna, 15 miles distant, making the distance through forests and over execrable roads and in intense darkness in four hours. The regiment remained on outpost duty there till April 11, when it returned to quarters, receiving for its arduous efforts the compensation of a complimentary notice in gen- eral orders from department head-quarters. Four days after with its brigade it was ordered to Alexandria, marched thither early in the morning and at once embarked on transports, bound for Suffolk, Ya., then besieged by General Longstreet. That point was reached about midnight, and the following day the Fortieth with the rest of its division formed camp outside the town near the Nansemond river. The regiment at once became an active part of the defense, and occupied various positions in the works surrounding the town, but it was not till the 24th that it marched out with a column under command of General Corcoran by way of the Edenton road in search of the enemy. As he was found in force, and the intention was not to bring on an engagement, the column returned to its posi- tion within the works. The regiment took part in another recon- naissance on the 3d of May, and the day following, the siege having been raised by General Longstreet's retreat, the Fortieth with other troops under General Keyes set out for West Point, reaching there on the 7th. The regiment was the first to land, and at once de- ployed as skirmishers, advancing some three miles and establishing a picket line under the direction of General Keyes. Well to the rear of the outposts the main line was intrenched, and that general position was maintained during the month. On the 31st the com- mand set out for Yorktown, reaching there June 1 and remaining till the 9th, when it marched to Williamsburg, camping on the battle-field. On the following day the Fortieth were detailed to make an excursion across the Chickahominy river and as far as Jamestown Island, returning to the brigade on the 13th after having marched 75 miles. Two days later the force moved up the Peninsula to White House Landing, and on the 1st of July the Fortieth led the Fourth Corps to Baltimore Cross Roads. €06 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Colonel Porter's brigade was called into action during the evening of the 2d to support the brigade of Colonel West, which had been attacked bj the enemy and was falling back in confusion. A lively skirmish ensued, in which the Fortieth had the lion's share and won credit. General Keyes's movement was abandoned on the 8th; the regiment, which had led much of the advance, formed the rear guard when the retrograde movement began, and after two days' severe marching reached Yorktown. "With no more than an hour's rest it embarked on transports for Washington, passing through that city the evening of the 11th and reaching Frederick, Md., by rail during the night. There the brigade broke up, the .time of the nine-months' regiments of which it was principally composed having expired, and Colonel Porter returned temporarily to the command of the Fortieth, with which he reported to the Eleventh Corps, then with the Army of the Potomac following Lee's Army ot Northern Virginia back into the Old Dominion as the result of the battle of Gettysburg. The regiment accompanied the army across the Potomac and as far as Warrenton, going thence to Catlett's Sta- tion, where on the 6th of August orders were received to report to Alexandria and take transport for South Carolina. At this time Colonel Porter had left the regiment, having returned to service in the regular army, and his successor was not immediately commissioned. The regiment embarked on the 7tli, and six days later debarked at Folly Island, Charleston Harbor. It went into the trenches at Fort Wagner on the 15tli, and remained there till the stronghold was evacuated by the Confederates. Here the command lost its first member killed in action. Second Lieutenant Augustine F. Webb of Salem, on the 20th of August, while five men were wounded. For some time after the evacuation the active duty of the regiment was not noteworthy. The new commander, Colonel Guy V. Henry, promoted from lieutenant of artillery in the regular service, arrived on the 10th of November. Major Day had resigned August 25, and that vacancy was filled by the promotion of Adju- tant Browne. On the 13tli of November the regiment set out on an expedition to Kraivah and Seabrook Islands, during which there was some sharp skirmishing with the enemy, but no serious casual- ties in the regiment. After two or three days' absence the com- mand returned to canij), where it remained till January, 18G4. At that time the regiment enjoyed a high repute for excellence THE FORTIETH REGIMENT. 607 in drill and discipline, as a result of Avhicli it was selected for ser- vice as mounted infantry. It left camp on the morning of the 16th of January, marched to Stone Landing and took transports for Hilton Head, at which point it debarked on the 18th, going into eauij) outside the fortifications. Horses and the proper equipments were issued to the men on the 21st, and they began drilling in the new arm of service with zeal. But little time was allowed for this educational work. 'Jlie regiment embarked for Jacksonville, Fla., on the 4tli of February, reaching there on the 7th and taking pos- session of the town without opposition. What was known as. the Light Brigade was organized, composed of the Fortieth, the Inde- pendent Battalion Massachusetts Cavalry (formerly part of the First Regiment) and Battery B, First United States Artillery, Colonel Henry acting brigadier. The regiment was placed under command of Major Day, Lieutenant Colonel Dalton having resigned a few days previous. This vacancy was filled later by the commis- sioning of Charles L. Chandler of Brookline. The l)rigade began its advance on the afternoon of the 8th, and at midnight the Independent Battalion, supported by the Fortieth, ca|)tured a Confederate battery of four guns with all its belongings at Ten Mile Run without the loss of a man. Company H was left in charge of the capture and the column pushed on to Baldwin where two more guns were taken in like manner. On the 10th an advance was made to Barber's Ford, where the enemy were defeated in a skirmish and driven to Sanderson, the regiment losing one killed and two wounded. Early next morning, while en route for Lake City, the enemy's pickets were encountered and the force proved so strong that the Union column fell back some six miles, where it remained encamped for three days, when the Light Bri- gade went to Starke. A detachment of 52 men from the Fortieth under Captain Marshall captured Gainsvillc on the loth, with a large quantity of public stores, but the little force was soon after attacked by three times its own number. Captain Marshall hastily formed barricades of cotton bales behind which he placed his men, and without loss repidsed the attacking party, killing and wounding several. On the 18th he rejoined the brigade at Barber's Ford. The main column under General Seymour having come up, an advance by way of Sanderson began on the morning of the 20th, Colonel Henry with his mounted troops leading. Early in the 608 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. afternoon, when -within two or three miles of Olustee Station, the advance encountered the enemy in a strong position and at so close quarters that it was little better than an ambuscade for the Federal soldiers. The latter fought at a serious disadvantage, and after a despecate conflict of two or three hours, during which the Union command lost nearly half its number in killed, wounded and pris- oners, General Seymour's troops were forced to retire. The For- tieth were during the action placed in various important positions, covering the flanks, supporting the artillery, and the like. They were not so heavily engaged as the infantry, but lost four men killed, 21 wounded and four missing ; three horses were shot under Colonel Henry. The column retreated to Jacksonville, the Light Brigade holding an advanced position toward the enemy till the 1st of March, when the Confederates attacked it at Cedar Creek, and after a skirmish the Union outposts withdrew with slight loss. The regiment remained at Three Mile Run for some three weeks, and preparations were being made for a raid, when a considerable part of General Seymour's troops, including the Fortieth Regiment, were summoned to Virginia. The Light Brigade was therefore broken up, the horses were turned in, the Fortieth became once more an infantry regiment commanded for the time by its gallant colonel, embarked on the 22d for Hilton Head, changed there on the 24th to the steamer S. R. Spaulding, sailed the following day and reached Gloucester Point where they debarked on the 28th and reported to General Butler, then organizing the Army of the James. Various changes occurred about this time among the field officers of the regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Chandler having been transferred to the Fifty- seventh Massachusetts, his place with the Fortieth was filled by the promotion of Major George E. Marshall, dating from April 20. The latter had succeeded Major Browne, resigned March 5, and Captain Jenkins was advanced to the vacant majority. The Fortieth were assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division, Tenth Corps, and two days after the landing of the regiment, the l)ri- gadc under the command of Colonel Henry re-embarked and on the 1st of May sailed up the York river to West Point, where it landed and took position behind intrenchments, the Fortieth re-occupying its camping ground of a year before. The movement being only a diversion, the brigade remained in that vicinity for five days, till THE FORTIETH BEGIMENT. 609 the Army of the James had established itself at Bermuda Hundred, when Colonel Ilenry withdrew his command and on the 6th joined the main force on the James river. On the 9th the regiment took part in an expedition against the Richmond and Petersburg rail- road, which it assisted in destroying in the vicinity of Chester, and shared, though not seriously engaged, in the fighting which ensued in the neighborhood of Swift Creek, generally known us the battle of Arrowficld Church. Returning to its intrenchments next morn- ing, it remained there till the 12th, when the Army of the James advanced toward Richmond, the Fortieth leading the right wing and skirmishing most of the day. Position was taken -in front of the enemy's works the following day, and with some changes of location the regiment remained there under the fire of Fort Darling till the morning of the 16th, when the battle of Prewry's Bluff occurred, in which the Fortieth bore their full share, suffering a loss of 10 killed, 42 wounded and 22 missing. Most of the killed and wounded were left in the hands of the Confederates and with the rest of the army the regiment re- turned to the fortifications at Bermuda Hundred. The Union picket line was captured on the morning of the 20tli by the Confederates, and the Fortieth took part in the task of driving back the assail- ants, losing six killed and 16 wounded. A few days later, in prepa- ration for the movement of a considerable part of the Army of the James to Cold Harbor to join the Army of the Potomac, the For- tieth was made part of the Third Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth Corps. Colonel Henry commanded the brigade, which consisted of the Twenty-first Connecticut, Ninety-second New York, Fifty-eighth and One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania Regiments. The movement of the Eighteenth Corps, under General "Baldy" Smith, began on the 28th of May, when the Fortieth, with its fellow- regiments, embarked at City Point. It landed at White House on the SOtli and marched till midnight, rested for three hours and then pushed forward till early in the afternoon of the 1st of June when it reached Cold Harbor, General Smith forming his corps on the right of the Sixth Corps, which reached the scene about the same time. These two corps were soon ordered forward, some of the enemy's outer intrenchments were carried and the Union lines were established close to his main works. This advantage was gained at heavy cost, the Fortieth losing 12 killed, including Lieutenant 610 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. Colonel Marshall and First Lieutenant Bancroft, and a large number wounded, most of whom were brought within the lines during the night. A sharp fire was kept up through the following da}-, inflicting some casualties, and on the morning of the 3d the regiment joined in the general attack on the Confederate position, and shared in the bloody repulse. The loss was ten killed, including First Lieutenant Edward Carleton of Lawrence, and many wounded. The Fortieth remained with the other trooi)s in front of the impregnable works till the 12th, suffering some casualties, including one killed, when General Smith's command led the way toward Petersburg, whither the scene of carnage was to be transferred. Going by transports from White House on the 13th, the regiment landed the next day at Point of Rocks on the Appomattox river, and at once advanced upon Petersburg, a division of colored troops in the lead. At evening of the 15th, after a day of skirmishing, an attack was made and some works were captured. From that time the regiment, now sadly reduced in numbers, was constantly under fire and engaged in the siege operations which followed. Its posi- tion was at the right of the Union lines, near the river, where on the 24th Colonel Henry's brigade was attacked by the Con- federate brigade of Hagood. The assault resulted most disas- trously, Hagood's brigade being almost annihilated, and the sur- vivors finding themselves prisoners of war, while the loss of the Fortieth was but two men killed and as many wounded. At the battle of the Crater, on the 30th of July, the regiment, though not heavily engaged, lost nine wounded. Such was the severity of the exposure, sickness and loss from the fire of the enemy that on the 27th of August, when the Eighteenth Corps was relieved by the Tenth, the Fortieth marched out of the trenches with but two offi- cers and 45 enlisted men present for duty. On the following day at the special request of Colonel Henry, the regiment was detached from the brigade for the comparative rest to be obtained during the performance of provost duty at Bermuda Landing, Captain Park taking command of the post. The detail lasted for a month, during which the strength of the command was measurably increased by the return of convalescents. It was then ordered to the front once more on the 29th of Septem- ber, and remained on duty along the lines before Bermuda Hundred till the 24tli of October, when it rejoined the Third Brigade near THE FOUTIETIl REGIMENT. 611 Fort Harrison. On the 30th of September First Lieutenant J. Arthur Fitch of Middleboro was killed in an engagement near Cha])in's Bluif, in the vicinity of Fort Harrison, on the east side of the James river. "With the exception of a skirmish on the Williams- burg road, October 27, the regiment was not actively engaged dur- ing the autumn, and after that event, in which the command lost three men missing, it was for some time encamped in reserve, under command of Captain John i'ollock, who was subsequently promoted to major and lieutenant colonel. INIajor Jenkins was commissioned lieutenant colonel vice Marshall killed in action but was not mus- tered to cither position, being discharged as captain to become lieutenant colonel of the Fourth Cavalry. Captain Charles G. Cox had also Ijcen ])romoted to major, but was obliged to resign on ac- count of wounds; and after the promotion of Pollock to lieutenant colonel, February 4, 1865, Captain Josiali L. Elder of Lynn was advanced to the majority. The Army of the James was reorganized into the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Corps, December 3, 186-1, when Colonel Henry's brigade became the Third of the Third Division, Twenty-fourth Corps. It consisted of the same regiments as before, excei)t that the Second New Hampshire had taken the place of the Ninety- second New York. At the opening of the campaign of 1865, General Ord commanded the Army of the James, General John Gibbon the corps. General Charles Devens the division, and Colonel Samuel IT. Roberts of the One Hundred and Thirty-ninth New York the brigade in the absence on sick leave of Colonel Henry, from which the latter did not again return to active duty with the brigade. At this time, notwithstanding its severe experiences in the past, the regiment enjoyed the distinction of standing first in the corps in discipline and morale, being awarded that position at five suc- cessive weekly inspections and afterward barred from the competi- tion. In recognition of this high standing it was excused from furnishing details for outside picket or fatigue duty for five weeks. Colonel Roberts reported his brigade to General Grant for special service on the 3d of March, 1805, and the following morning it marched through a heavy rain to Deep Bottom Landing, where the Fortieth embarked on the steamer Metacomet and sailed for Fort- ress jMonroe, whence it steamed up the Rappahannock river and on the cvcnine; of the 6th landed at Fredericksburg. The regiment 612 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. was made provost guard for the city, while the rest of the expedi- tion devoted itself to destrovini;' the railroad at Hamilton Crossins: and capturing tobacco and public stores of various kinds, "which were found there in large quantities. The regiment returned to Fortress Monroe without the loss of a man. This enterprise prov- ing so successful, the same force set out a few days later upon another, proceeding up the Potomac and the Yeocomico rivers to Kinsale Landing. The expedition, however, proved fruitless, and on reaching Point Lookout on the return orders were received from the* commander-in-chief for the force to repair to White House Landing and establish a depot of supplies for General Sheridan and his cavalry, then on the way overland to that point from upper Virginia. This was done, a bridge being built across the Pamunkey, and on the 18th the weary riders appeared, crossed the river the following day, and after resting till the 24th set out to join the forces operating against Petersburg and Richmond, the Third Bri- gade marching to its camps, some 50 miles away. Signal Hill, near the former location, was reached on the 26th, and there the regiment remained till the fall of Petersburg and the evacuation of Richmond, the division, with one of colored troops from the Twenty-fifth Corps, having been designated to hold the lines on that part of the field while the rest of the Army of the James was operating at the left. On the morning of the 3d of April the division set out for Richmond, which was found aban- doned and in flames. The Fortieth Regiment encamped outside the city, changed its location for a more healthful one ten days later, and on the 25th moved to Manchester, where it remained till the 17th of June, Avhen it was mustered out of the national service and started for home. Going to New York by transport and thence by the steamer Connecticut, Readville was reached on the 21st. There the command remained in camp till the 30th, when it was paid off and discharged. The record of the regiment was an espe- cially honorable one ; it had but 13 desertions during its varied service — a record which few organizations could equal. THE FORTY-FIRST REGIMENT. THE Forty-first Regiment Avas the last of the organizations raised under the call of July, 1862, and in fact the last ordi- nary three-years' volunteer regiment sent out by Massachu- setts; the only infantry regiments subsequently enlisted for that term being the two colored and the four veteran regiments author- ized in 18G3. Its tirst rendezvous was at Camp Edwin M. Stanton, Lynnticld, but before the organization was completed it was trans- ■fcrred to the camp at Boxford. Its first company, I, was mustered on the 5th of August, 1862, K the following day, A on the 31st, B and C September 4!-, a part of D on the 6th and E the 20th. From that time enlistment dragged, owing to the filling of the nine- months' quota which was going on at the same time and the heavy draft made by the two calls on the Commonwealth. It was not till the 27th of October that Companies F and H were .ready for the mustering officer, G being filled on the 1st of November, completing the organization. On the 5th the regiment left for New York, under orders to report to General N. P. Banks, who was there organizing the force which was to accompany him to New Orleans, where he had been assigned to succeed General Butler in command of the Department of the Gulf. In its march through Boston the regiment was escorted by some civil organizations with which its colonel was connected ; reachiiig New York it encamped for a time at the Park Barracks, after which it was transferred to Long Island where the other troops destined for Louisiana were gathering, and went into camp on the L'nion Race Course. The commissioned officers at that time connected with the command were as follows : — Colonel, Thomas E. Chickoring; lieutenant colonel, Ansel D. Wass, both of Boston; major, Lorenzo D. Sargent of Lawrence; surgeon, Albert II. BlanchaYd of Sherborn; assistant surgeons, Daniel S. Allen of Gloucester and Daniel F. Lcavitt of South Dauvers; chaplain, Henry F. Lane of Lawrence; adjutant, Henry S. Adams of Chicopee; 614 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. quartermaster, Charles B. Stoddard of Plymouth; sergeant major, John Eolston of Charlestown; quartermaster sergeant, George A. Fiske, Jr.; commissary sergeant. Charles B. Stone, both of Eoxbury; hospital steward, Harry N. Coburn of New Bedf(»rd ; principal musician, Ai B. Chase*of Boston. Company A, New Bedford — Captain, John F. Vinal; first lieuten- ant, James W. Hervey; second lieutenant, Eliphalet H. Robbins. Company B, Lawrence — CajDtain, Edward L. Noyes; first lieuten- ant, Cyrus T. Batchelder; second lieutenant, Charles Stone. Company C — Captain, John L. Swift; first lieutenant, AVilliam T. Hodges; second lieutenant, Theodore C. Otis, all of Koxbury. Company D— Captain, Frederick G. Pope; first lieutenant, William M. Gift'ord; second lieutenant, Yfilliam Harris, Jr., all of Boston. Company E, Boston — Captain, Lyman W. Gould; first lieutenant, Wesley A. Gove; second lieutenant, John H. Weston. Company F — Captain, G. Frank Stevens of Lawrence; first lieuten- ant, Henry C. Dane of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Amos Henfield of Salem. Company G — Captain, William H. Seamans of Eoxbury; first lieu- tenant, David P. Muzzey of Cambridge; second lieutenant, John A. Comerford of Lowell. Company H — Captain, Francis E. Boyd; first lieutenant, Charles W. 0. Ehoades; second lieutenant, John C. Gray, Jr., all of Boston. Company I — Captain, John C. Wynian; first lieutenant, Benjamin F. Talbot, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Frank E. Frothingham of Charlestown. Company K — Captain, David T. Bunker; first lieutenant, Bradley Dean; second lieutenant, Charles W. Lovett, Jr., all of Boston. The regiment embarked on the steamer North Star, which sailed from New York on the 4th of December, having on board General Banks and his staff. After a pleasant voyage New Orleans was reached in due time, and General Banks landed there, while the Forty-first remained aboard and were taken on the 15th to Baton Rouge, landing on the 17th with a considerable number of other regiments under command of General Cuvier Grover and occupying that city without serious resistance. On the opganization of the troops in the department into the Nineteenth Corps, a few weeks later, the Forty-first became a portion of the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, the division being commanded by General Grover and the brigade by Colonel William R. Kimball of the Twelfth ^Maino. Li addition to his own regiment and the Forty-first, Colonel Kimball's command consisted of the Fifty-second Massachusetts and the Twenty-fourth Connecticut. On the 31st of January, 1863, Lieutenant Colonel W^ass resigned, Major Sargent was promoted 4. THE FOETY-FIEST REGIMENT. 615 to the vacancy and Captain John F. Yinal to be major. Till near the close of March the reg-iment remained at Baton Rouge with no more noteworthy experience than an expedition on the 9th of March to destroy some bridges over the Comite river. In this affair the Forty-first were accompanied by a company of cavalry and a section of artillery and accomjilished the midertaking after some skirmishing without casualty to the regiment. During the movement toward Port Hudson a few days later, the regiment re- mained as part of the garrison of Baton Rouge, Colonel Chicker- ing having command of the post. Grover's Division set out on the 28th on the march from Donald- sonvillc through the La Fourchc country to Brashcar City, where it united with the rest of the Army of the Gulf under General Banks for operations against the enemy threatening New Orleans from the rear. With the Twelfth Maine, the regiment embarked April 12 on a gunboat for transportation across Grand Lake, landing at Indian Bend Bay on the afternoon of the 13th and with other troops marching across the Teche to rejoin the division. In the battle of Irish Bend on the 14th the brigade Avas in reserve, in sup- port of batteries, and suffered no casualties. The march being con- tinued after the battle. New Iberia was reached at evening of the 16th, when the Forty-first, with two other regiments of its brigade and a section of artillery, marched at once for Avery's Island, where the salt works were destroyed and a large number of horses col- lected, the detachment rejoining the column the same night. Ope- lousas was reached on the 20th, 300 miles from the starting point at Baton Rouge. Here Colonel Chickering was appointed military governor of the district, with Lieutenant Colonel Sargent provost marshal, the regi- ment under command of Major Yinal being assigned to provost duty. During the time that they were thus engaged the members provided themselves with horses confiscated from the surrounding territory, so that when on the 11th of ]\Iay they moved to Barre's Landing horse equipments were drawn and the command was thenceforth known as the Forty-first Mounted Rifles. The work done by the regiment during the month that it was on duty at Ope- lousas and Barre's Landing is thus summarized in the report of the adjutant general of Massachusetts : " It collected and sent to New Orleans via Brashear upward of 6,000. bales of cotton, large quanti- 616 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. ties of sugar, molasses and other products of the country, and at least 10,000 contrabands, men, women and children, to work the g'overnment plantations in the La Fourche country. This regiment set all the corn mills in operation, furnishing large quantities of meal to the troops and inhabitants and feeding the contrabands. It established a free market for the benefit of the poorer inhabitants, re-opened the printing-office and issued a daily paper, etc." Barre's Landing was left on the 21st of May, the Mounted Rifles in advance, followed by a wagon train five miles in length, and a great number of contrabands, the flanks and rear being covered by seven regiments of infantry and a section of artillery, Colonel Chickering commanding the column. A march of five days brought the force to Berwick City with no further adventure than an attack on the last day by a superior body of the enemy, which was repulsed, but in consequence the column marched all night to reach its destina- tion, covering 36 miles within 24 hours. The infantry regiments were then forwarded to General Banks at Port Hudson* and the Forty-first, after waiting till transportation could be secured for their horses, followed by battalions, the regi- ment being reunited on the 4th of June and assigned to General Gricrson's cavalry brigade, and engaged in outpost, scout and train guard duty. While this arrangement was in force an order was issued consolidating with the regiment the three unattached com- panies of Massachusetts cavalry in the department, the whole being permanently transformed to a mounted regiment, to be known as the Third Massachusetts Cavalry — under which designation the subsequent fortunes of the regiment will be narrated. THE FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT. THE Forty-second Regiment was recruited at Camp Meigs, Readville, the nucleus being the Second Regiment of Militia, Avhich volunteered when the call for nine-mouths' troops was made, and went into camp to recruit to the maximum. As there was already a Second Massachusetts Regiment in the field for three years, the name of this command was changed to the Forty-second in order to avoid a duplication of numbers. Companies A and B were mustered on the 13th of September, 1862, G and I three days later, and four others during the month ; but C was not ready for the mustering oihcer till October 11, and K not till the 14th. The field and staff were mustered on the 11th of November, and on the 19th orders were received to report to General Banks, whose expe- dition was being organized on Long Island near New York city. The roster of officers : — Colonel, Isaac S. Burrell of Roxbury; lieutenant colonel, Joseph Stedman of Medfield; major, Frederick G. Stiles of Worcester; sur- geon, Ariel I. Cummings of Roxbury; assistant surgeons, Thomas B. Hitchcock of Newton and Rush 15. Hcintzelman of Philadelphia, Pa.; chaplain, George J. Sanger of Hardwick; adjutant, Charles A. Davis of Roxbury; ciuartermaster, Charles B. Burrell; sergeant major, Charles P. Bosson, Jr., both of Boston; quartermaster sergeant. Henry C. Foster of Dorchester; commissary sergeant, AVilliam H. Hutchin- son of Roxbury; hospital steward, Charles J. Wood of Hardwick; principal musician, Richard A. Neuert of Boston. Company A, Weymouth — Captain, Hiram S. Coburn; first lieuten- ant, Martin Burrell, Jr.; second lieutenant, John P. Burrell. Com})any B — Captain, Ira B. Cook of Belliugham; first lieutenant, David A. Partridge of Medway; second lieutenant, Joseph C. Clifford of Medway. Company C, Boston — Captain, Orville W. Leonard; first lieutenant, Isaac B. White; second lieutenant. Joseph Sanderson, Jr. Company D — Captain, George Sherive; first lieutenant, William H. Cowdin both of Roxbury; second lieutenant, Darius F. Eddy of Dorchester. €15 yr AS SACBir SETTS IX THE WAE. Company E — Captain. Charles A. Pratt of West Boylston; first lieutenant, John W. Emerson of Millbury; second lieutenant, Brown P. Stowell of Boston. Company F — Captain. John D. Coggswell of Leicester: first lieu- tenant, Timothy M. Duncan of Xorth Brookfield: second lieutenant, Lyman A. Powers of Spencer. Company G — Captain. Alfred X. Proctor: first lieutenant, Albert E. Proctor both of Boston; second lieutenant, Thaddeus H. Xewcomb of Quincy. Company H — Captain, Davis TT. Bailey of Chelsea: first lieuten- ant, Charles C. Phillips of Hopkinton: second lieutenant, Augustus L. Gould of Chelsea. Company I. Dorchester — Captain, Cyrus Savage: first lieutenant, Samuel F.* White: second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Bartlett. Company K — Captain. George P. Davis of Ware: first lieutenant, Hearv A. Harding of Worcester: second lieutenant, J. Martin Gor- ham of Barre. The regiment left camp Xovember 21, going by way of Xew York to Camp Banks on Long Island, which it reached late in the evening of the following day. There it remained till the 2d of December, when it marched to Brooklyn and on the 3d took pass- age on four transports for Xew Orleans. Colonel Burrell and his staff with Companies D, G and I went aboard the Saxon ; Lieuten- ant Colonel Stedman with Companies A, B and F, on the Quincy : Major Stiles with C and H on the Shetucket ; and Companies E and K on the. Charles Osgood. All were at sea by the morning of the 5th, but the Saxon proved the only sea-worthy vessel and reached her destination far in advance of her consorts. Touching at Ship Island on the 14th, she reached Xew Orleans the 16th and at once proceeded to Carrollton, where on the ITth Colonel Burrell debarked his three companies and went into quarters at Camp Mansfield. Two days later the colonel was ordered to re-embark and sail for Galveston, there to land and take post, co-operating with the naval force at that point, with the promise that the remainder of his regiment should be sent forward on its arrival. The destina- tion was reached on the 24th, and after considtation with Comman- der Renshaw of the gun-boat Westfield, commanding the blockading fleet. Colonel Burrell landed on Kuhn's Wharf on the morning of the 25th, hoisted the regimental flag and barricaded the approaches. A reconnaissance was made the following morning to a distance of five miles from the city, everything indicating that the enemy had hastily abandoned the island ; but during the night of the 27th THE FORTY-SECOND EEGHrENT. 619 they began to cross again from Virginia Point on the main land, and thereafter tlie little Union force was closely watched by the cavalry scouts of the enemy, though the latter as often as discov- ered were driven away by detachments sent out by Colonel Burrell. During the night of the 31st it was found that the enemy was about to make an attack, and the gun-boats were requested to co-operate, which they did, answering the fire of the Confederate artillery as soon as it opened, and two or three assaults which were made before daylight of January 1, 1863, were repulsed by the fire of the three companies behind their barricades. The Confederate gun-boats attacked the Federal fleet soon after daylight, capturing the Harriet Lane, the Westfield being blown up on account of grounding. Flags of truce were then raised on the fleet and by both parties on shore. Colonel Burrell sending his adjutant to the Federal gun-boats to request them to take off his command, as he could not defend the position. Almost immediately, however, an officer from General Magruder demanded the instant surrender of the three companies, threatening an attack with his entire force of over 5000 men and 30 pieces of artillery. The capitulation was therefore agreed upon and the three companies, with the colonel, surgeon, chaplain and Lieutenant Stowell of Company E were made prisoners, but Colonel Burrell was requested to retain his sword in recognition of the gallant defense which he had made with so small a force. The loss of the L^nion troops in action was but a few wounded, while the enemy confessed very many more casualties. !Most of the enlisted men were paroled on the 18th of February, and eight days later, accompanied by the chaplain, who was unconditionally released, reached New Orleans, proceeding thence to Bayou Gentilly where they formed a camp for paroled prisoners, remaining unexchanged till the expiration of their term of service. The officers remained in captivity. Surgeon Cummings and Lieu- tenant Bartlett dying in prison during the summer, and the others being finally exchanged July 22, 186-1. Meantime, Lieutenant Colonel Stedman with his three companies aboard the Quincy met with various delays, so that New Orleans and CaiTollton were not reached till the 29th of December, when they debarked and rested at Camp Mansfield till the 3d of January, embarking then under orders to join Colonel Burrell at Galveston, but on learning of his capture returned to Camp Mansfield, where 620 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. they were joined bj the two companies on the Charles Osgood, which had reached New Orleans on the 1st of January and the following- day sailed toward Galveston. The Shetucket, which was the poor- est vessel of the four, narrowly escaped going to the bottom, and after numerous stops for repairs reached New Orleans on the 14th, and the seven companies of the regiment were at last united, the command being attached to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Nineteenth Corps. General T. W. Sherman commanded the divis- ion, and Colonel Farr of the Twenty-sixth Massachusetts the brigade. Companies C and H were detached from the regiment on the 15th, under command of Captain Leonard, and reported to Major Houston, chief engineer of the corps, by whom they were employed to construct a bastioned redoubt at Camp Parapet, in which work they were engaged till the earl}^ part of the following June. Dur- ing that time Captain Leonard organized from the colored men engaged in constructing the fortifications a regiment known as the First Louisiana Engineers, a large number of the officers of which were commissioned from the enlisted men of. the Forty-second. The five remaining companies were on the 26th ordered to Bayou Gentilly on the Ponchartrain Railroad, establishing themselves in Camp Farr, named in honor of the brigade commander. Three weeks later Company K, Lieutenant Harding, was detailed for duty in the engineer department of the corps, and thenceforth till near the end of the regiment's service performed arduous duty as pon- toniers, laying and caring for bridges in connection with nearly every important movement in that part of the district. Their services at Port Hudson were especially valuable. Al)out the same time Company A was detailed to occupy two or three fortifications on the line of the railroad and in the vicinity, Company F was sent out to Lakeport, taking charge of some 15 miles of the lake shore ; while Lieutenant Colonel Stedman assumed command of all these stations, the extended lines and varied range of duties requiring much tact and activity on the part of men and ofticcrs. For two months only two companies remained at the regi- mental head-quarters, and those were weakened by generous details; but by the 5th of June Comj)any A and the two engineer companies had returned, and on the 0th a detail of 100 men under Captain Cook was sent to lirashear City and attached to a battalion com- manded by Lieutenant Colonel Stickney of the Forty-seventh Mas- THE FOBTY-SECOND REGIMENT. G21 sachiisetts. On the 20th, very early in the morning, 20 of these men embarked on a gun-boat as sharpshooters, and an hour or iwo hiter the balance were ordered to Lafourche Crossing, where an at- tack was expected. Beyond some artillery firing there was no lighting till the following day, when near sunset a section of artil- lery, supported by the detachment from the Forty-second under coni- nuind of Lieutenant Tinkham advanced beyond the pickets and soon became engaged, fighting their way successfully back to the main line. The Confederate attack which followed was repulsed after some sharp fighting, the loss of Lieutenant Tinkham's command l)cing one killed and three severely wounded, with one taken prisoner and paroled. Three days later the position at the Crossing was evacu- ated and the detachment rejoined the regiment soon after. The garrison at Brashear City was attacked and captured on the 2od, including 46 members of the Forty-second Regiment, com- manded by First Sergeant George W. Ballon, two of whom were killed and two severely wounded during the resistance. Of the prisoners all but two were paroled. The main body of the regi- ment was not engaged in battle; but the quality of its make-up was sufliciently attested by the honorable part taken by the detachments which encountered the enemy on the fteld of strife. The bead- quarters of the Forty-second, with the companies and jiarts of com- panies present were transferred to Lafayette Square in New Orleans on the 21st of June, and with the exception of one day at Camp Farr a week later, the regiment remained in the city till the 14th of July, the last two weeks of the time being quartered at the Custom House. It then moved to Algiers, and during the rest of the month was engaged in picketing the Opclousas Railroad, where it was rejoined by the detachments which had been absent during the recent months. The arms and other government property in possession of the regiment were turned over to the proper officers on the 31st and transportation was taken on the steamer Continental for New York, which was reached August 8. Being transferred there to the steamer Commodore for Providence, the journey homeward was continued without delay, but early next morning the vessel ran upon the rocks at Point Judith and remained aground during the day. At night the regiment was transferred to the steamer City of Newport, and without* further adventure debarked at Provi- 622 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. dence whence it went to Boston by rail on the 10th. The men were immediately furloughed till the 20th, when they re-assembled at Readville and were mustered out. THE hundred-days' TERM. This regiment was also one of those which in the summer of 18G4 reorganized and Avent into service for 100 days that troops on garrison duty and like inactive service might go to the front for the assistance of the exhausted Union armies in the field at that mo- mentous time. Its make-up was somewhat changed, some of the com- panies which had responded in 1862 having dropped out and others taking their places ; while of the staff and line officers, few names re-appeared with the former rank. The new list was as follows : — Colonel, Isaac S. Burrell of Roxbury; lieutenant colonel, Joseph Stedman of West Roxbury; major, Frederick G. Stiles of Worcester; surgeon, Albert B. Robinson of Holden; adjutant, Charles A. Davis, quartermaster, Alonzo J. Hodsdon; sergeant major, Jediah P. Jordan; all of Roxbury; quartermaster sergeant, Charles E. Noyes of Boston; commissary sergeant, Augustus C. Jordan of West Roxbury; hospital steward, Robert White, Jr., of Boston; principal musiciau, Thomas Bowe of Dorchester. Company A, Boston — Captain, Warren French ; first lieutenant, Charles W. Baxter; second lieuteuant, Joseph M. Thomas. Company B — Captain, Benjamin C. Tinkham; first lieutenant, George W. Ballon; second lieutenant, George E. Fuller, all of Med way. Company C, Boston — Captain, Isaac B. White; first lieutenant, Joseph Sanderson, Jr. ; second lieutenant, David C. Smith. Company D — Captain, Samuel A. Waterman of Roxbury; first lieu- tenant, George II. Bates of Scituate; second lieutenant, Almon D. Hodges of Roxbury. Company E — Captain, Augustus Ford of Worcester; first lieuten- ant, James Conner of West Boylston; second lieutenant, Frank H. Cook of Worcester. Company F — Captain, Samuel S. Eddy; first lieutenant, Henry J. Jennings, both of Worcester; second lieutenant, Edward I. Galvin of North Brookfield. Company G — Captain, Alanson II. A\^ard of Worcester; first lieu- tenant, Moses A. Aldricli of Uxbridge; second lieutenant, E. Lincoln Shattuck of W^estboro. Company II — Captain, George M. Stewart of Springfield; first licu- teuiint, Julius M. Lyon of Wales; second lieutenant, Joseph T. Sjieiir of Westileld. Company I — Ca))tain, James T. Stevens of Braintrce; first lieuten- ant, Edward Merrill, Jr., of Dorchester; second lieutenant, Charles A. Arnold of Braintree. THE FORTY-SECONB REGIMENT. 625 Company K — Captain, Benjamin R. Wales of Dorchester; first lieu- tenant, Alfred G. Gray of Roxbury; second, lieutenant, Charles P. Hawley of Boston. The regiment gathered at Readville, two of its companies being mustered on the 14th of July and others almost daily till the 22d, when the organization was completed, and two days later the com- mand set out for Washington under Lieutenant Colonel Stcdman, going by steamer from Boston. It was at about this time that Colonel Burrell returned from captivity, and after a short time at home he rejoined his regiment at Alexandria, Va., where its term of service was passed. It performed faithfully and credita- bly its part, which was i)rincipally in the form of guard and patrol duty, a detachment being for some time at Great Falls, Md., and large details being made for the guarding of supply trains to the Shenandoah valley. It was mustered out of service on the 11th of November, 18G4. THE FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT. THE Forty-third, familiarly known as the "Tiger" Regiment, was an outgrowth of the Second Battalion, First Brigade, First Division, M. Y. M., which volunteered for nine months' service and was sent to Camp Meigs at Readville to be recruited to a full regiment. In the camp, under command of General Pierce, were also the Forty-second, Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Regiments and the Eleventh Battery. As the companies were filled they were mustered into service, — D, F and G on the 12th of September, 1862, and the others at various dates till the 11th of October, when the ten companies were completed, though detachments were mus- tered at intervals till near the close of the month, the mustering officer being Captain N, B. McLaughlen, U. S. A. Most of the field and staff were mustered on the 25th of October, and the roster of officers follows : — Colonel, Charles L. Holbrook; lieutenant colonel, John C. Whiton, both of Boston; major, Everett Lane of Abington; surgeon, A. Carter Webber of Charlestown; assistant surgeon, Augustus Mason of Brigh- ton; adjutant, James M. Whitney of West Roxbury; quartermaster, Henry A. Turner; chaplain, Jacob M. Manning, both of Boston; ser- geant major, James E. Gilman of Chelsea; quartermaster sergeant, William W. Tuttle of Roxbury; commissary sergeant, Augustus C. Jordan of West Roxbury; hospital steward, William H. Mansfield of Roxbury. Company A — Captain, Henry J. Hallgreen of Chelsea; first lieu- tenant, George Chadbourne of Roxbury; second lieutenant, Lucius A. Wheelock of Boston. Company B — Captain,Edward G. Quincy; first lieutenant, William Jordan, both of Boston ; second lieutenant, John C. Sanborn of Braintree. Company C — Captain, William B. Fowle, Jr., of Boston; first lieu- tenant, Augustine Sanderson of Brighton; second lieutenant, John F. Thayer of Boston. Company D — Captain, Thomas G. Whytal of West Roxbury; first lieutenant, Edward A. Sumner; second lieutenant, James Schouler, both of Dedham. THE FOBTT-THIED REGIMENT. 625 Company E — Captain, Henry Doane of Charlestown; first lieuten- ant, Joseph W. Paine of Koxbury; second .lieuteriant, Cliarles M. Upliam of Chatham. Company F — Captain, Charles W. Sonic of Scituate; first lieuten- ant, Henry S. Bates of Marshfield; second lieutenant, Nathan S. Oak- man of Hanover. Company G — Captain, Josiah Soulo, Jr.; first lieutenant, Lysander Poole; second lieutenant, Jose])h 13. Warne, all of Abington. Company H, Chelsea — Captain, George B. Hanover; first lieuten- ant, William Bradbury; second lieutenant, D. C. Colesworthy, Jr. Company I — Captain, George G. Tyler; first lieutenant, Robert Torry, Jr.; second lieutenant, Oliver H. Webber, all of Cambridge. Company K — Captain, J. Emory Round of Cambridge; first lieu- tenant, Lucius P. Kimpton of West Roxbury; second lieutenant, John W. Fletcher of Chelsea. The organization of the regiment being practically completed, it was .armed with the Springfield rifle and ordered on the 24th of October to prepare to join the force in Xorth Carolina under Major General Foster.- It was not ready for departure, however, till the 5th of the following month, when it took cars to Boston, was re- viewed on the Common and received its colors from the hands of Robert C. Winthrop, in behalf of the Boston Light Infantry Asso- ciation. Late in the evening the command embarked on the steamer Merrimac, with one-half of the Forty -sixth Regiment, the transport anchoring near Deer Island in company with the Missis- sippi, carrying the rest of the Forty-sixth and the Forty-fifth. The Confederate crusier Alabama being off the coast, it was not deemed safe for the unarmed steamers to put to sea with their important human freight till the gun-boat Huron, then undergoing repairs at the Charlestown navy-yard, was ready to escort them and they waited during a heavy storm from the east, which with snow and rain and a heavy sea made the anchorage in the harbor anjthing Ijut de- lightful. The steamers being overcrowded, the Saxon was sent down and took on board the Forty-sixth. The gun-boat finally appeared on the afternoon of the 10th and the flotilla at once began the slow trip, .which ended at Beaufort at noon of the 15th, when the regiment debarked and took cars to Newbern. Marching thence two miles northwesterly along the course of the river Trent, it halted for the night on the spot Avhere in a day or two it was very comfortably located in " Camp Rogers," which proved its permanent abiding place during nearly the entire 626 MASSACHUSETTS IiV THE WAR. term of its soiourn in North Carolina. The rcirimcnt became a part of the First Brigade, First Division, of General Foster's com- mand, the regiments with which it was brigaded being all from Massachusetts and comprising the Seventeenth, Twenty-third, Forty- tifth and Fifty-first, the brigade being commanded by Colonel Thomas J. C. Amory of the Seventeenth. Company C having been sent to Beaufort (where it remained on duty till March 4, 1863), the remainder of the regiment set out on the 11th of December as a part of General Foster's Goklsboro ex- pedition. At the battle of Kinston, on the 14th, it was under fire, and maneuvered somewhat on the field, but was not engaged and suffered no loss. It was more exposed at the battle of Whitehall on the 16th, where it was in support and lost one man killed and a few wounded, but without taking an active part in the contest. As the column drew near Goklsboro next day, the Forty-third were de- tached and sent under guidance of a staff officer several miles to the right, to Spring Bank Bridge, accompanied by a-section of artil- lery and a company of cavalry. The bridge being burned as the force ap])roached,a skirmish with the Confederates across the river ensued, in which the artillery and four companies of the Forty-third took part, the latter losing two killed and one mortally wounded. The other com})anies lay in reserve, and after midnight the regiment was directed to rejoin the column on its return march toward Newbern. After this the organization remained in camp, with tjie exception of ordinary duties and some details, till the 17th of January, 1863, when with the other nine-months' regiments of the brigade it started for Trenton, a small village on the Trent some 25 miles to the northwest. The destination was reached the following day, but no enemy was found. Marching back on the 19th to Follocksville, the regiment halted while Companies F and CJ went on with the rest of the colunyi some eight miles in a southerly direction to Young's Cross Roads. After a very heavy rain-storm, the expedi- tion returned on the 21st to the camps at Newbern. In connection with the demonstration against Newbern by the enemy on the IStli and 14th of March, the regiment Avas put under marching orders during the night of the 13th, and early the follow- ing morning marched out ui)on the Kinston road, but was soon ordered back and remained till afternoon, when it again mnvcd oui some six miles and relieved the Twentv-fifth j\Iassachusetts, which THE FOIITY-TIIIRD REdlMEST. 627 had Ih'C'11 liokliiig the CuiifedcM'atcs in check. Nu further attack was made at that ])oint, and hite the next afternoon the reti'inicnt marched some miles further out, halting over night and continuing in the morning till a total distance of 15 miles from Xewbern had been made. Then, as the cavalry scouts reported no enemy within several miles, the return march was taken up and Camp Rogers was reached late that afternoon. Early in April the regiment took part in a movement intended for the relief of General Foster and a small force at Little Washing- ton, then besieged by the Confederates. On the aftei-noon of the 7th it went aboard gun-boats and was carried aci-oss the Neusc, where it waited till General Spinola had gathered a force of some 10,000 men, when on the afternoon of the 8th it started upon the march, going some nine miles that day and continuing the movement the next. k^oon after noon the enemy was enco:;u- tered at Blount's Creek, the Seventeenth Massachusetts and the artillery engaging them w^hile the Forty -third formed the support. After a sharp skirmish the Union forces were withdra^yn and marched rapidly back to Newbern. With a single day's rest the regiment went aboard a transport and sailed for the scene of the blockade in the Pamlico river below Little Washington, where it remained at anchor till the 14th, during which time some of its members volunteered to assist in running- other craft through the blockade, some of them being wounded in the dangerous service. Afterward three companies landed at JlilTs Point, the site of one of the strongest Confederate works, while the. command, after sailing back to Newbern, was taken ii]) to Little Washington, where it remained from the 18th to the 21:th on duty. The entire regiment then returned by the steamer Long Island to Newbern, resting in camp from the 25tli to the 27th, when as part of a considerable force it took cars at Newbern and Avcnt out some miles beyond Batchelder's Creek, whence after some re])airs to the road and various demonstrations, it returned to the old camp at Newbern on the 1st of May. During May and most of June the Forty-third remained in the vicinity of Newbern, often engaged in fatigue duty upon the forts and other fortifications thereabout, but havin'g no part in marches or battle. The movement of the regiment northward began on the 24th of June, when it was ordered on board transi)orts and pro- 628 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. ceeded with other troops of General Foster's command to Fortress Monroe for orders. Without disembarking the troops sailed up the York river to White House Landing, by way of demonstration, and on the 29th were ordered back to Fortress Monroe to await direc- tions from Washington. Landing at Hampton the next day and going into camp till the 2d of July, the regiment was then ordered on board the steamer Kennebec, landing at Baltimore near Fort McHenry the following afternoon. That night was passed in barracks, and during the 4th the regi- ment marched through the city to Camp Bradford on the north, where three days were passed. The term of service of most of the men had now expired, and there was some dissatisfaction at their being retained in the service; this coming to the knowledge of Gen- eral Naglee,he gave the men individually the option of returning to their homes or of joining for brief service the Army of the Potomac, then in pursuit of Lee on his retreat from Gettysburg. Under this option 203 officers and men volunteered to go to the front, while the remainder of the regiment took cars on the 8th for Massachu- setts, going by way of Philadelphia to New York, thence by boat to New Haven and rail by Springfield to Boston, The volunteers for further service proceeded to Sandy Hook op- posite Harper's Ferry, where they were detailed for provost duty, Major Lane being made provost marshal. General Naglee command- ing the post. This duty continued till the 18th, when the detach- ment was relieved by the Nineteenth Maryland and started for Boston, having won the right to wear the badge of the First Bri- gade, Second Division, Sixth Corps. Boston was reached on the 21st by steamer from New York, where the detachment was re- ceived with honor. After a parade the men were furloughcd until the 30th, when the regiment gathered in the camp at Readville and was mustered out of service. THE FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. THE Forty-fourth Regiment was an outgrowth of the Fourth Battalion, M. V. M., which, having volunteered promptly and almost unanimously when the call was made for enlist- ments for the nine-months' quota, was sent to Camp Meigs at Rcad- villc. then commanded by General Peirce, to be transformed into a full regiment. This was quickly done; the camp was occupied during the last days of August, and on the 12th of September the several companies were mustered into the United States service with full ranks by Captain McLaughlcn, U. S. A. The commis- sions of the officers bore date from that time, and the roster was as follows : — Colonel, Francis L. Lee of Newton ; lieutenant colonel, Edward C. Cabot of Brookliue ; major, Cliarles W. Dabuey of West Roxbury ; surgeon, Robert Ware of Boston ; assistant surgeon, Theodore W. Fisher of Mcdway ; chaplain, Edward H. Hall of Plymouth ; adju- tant, Wallace Hinckley of Lowell ; quartermaster. Francis Jiush, Jr., of Boston ; sergeant major, William H. Bird of Roxbury; (juarter- master sergeant, Frederick S. Gifford of New Bedford ; commissary sergeant, Charles D. Woodbury of Boston; hospital steward, William C. Brigham of New Bedford ; j)rincipal musician, George L. Babcock of Boston. Company A — Captain, James M. Richardson of Hubbardston ; first lieutenant, Jared Coffin ; second lieutenant, Charles G. Kendall, both of Boston. Com])any B, Newton — Captain, John M. Griswold ; first lieuten- ant, Frank H. Forbes; second lieutenant, John A. Kenrick. (Forbes resigned a month later, Kenrick was ]n-omoted and Charles C. Soule of Brookline was commissioned second lieutenant.) Company C — Captain, Jacob H. Lombard ; first lieutenant, George B. Lonil)ard ; second lieutenant, James W. Briggs, all of Boston. Company D — Cajotain, Henry D. Sullivan ; first lieutenant, James H. Blake, Jr.; second lieutenant, Asa H. Stebbins, all of Boston. Company E — Captain, Spencer W. Richardson ; first lieutenant, James S. Newell ; second lieutenant, James S. Cumston, all of Boston. Company F — Captain, Charles Storrow of Boston ; first lieutenant, 6:30 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Alfred S. Hartwell of Natick ; second lieutenant, Theodore E. Taylor of Newton. Company G — Captain, Charles Hunt of Boston ; first lieutenant, James C. White of Milton ; second lieutenant, Frederick Odiorne of Boston. Company H — Captain, William V. Smith ; first lieutenant, Edward C. Johnson, both of Boston ; second lieutenant, Albert 11. Howe of Bi'ookline. Company I— Captain, Joseph R. Kendall ; first lieutenant, William D. Hooper; second lieutenant, Benjamin F. Field, eJr., all of Boston. Company K — Captain, Frank W. Reynolds of Boston ; first lieu- tenant. Richard H. Weld ; second lieutenant, Fred T. Brown, both of West Roxbury. Colonel Lee had been promoted from major of the Fourth Battal- ion, and many of his associate othcers were those who had formerly served under him in various capacities. The command was armed Avith the Enfield rifle, and through its commanding officer v. as pre- sented by Miss Josie Gregg of Boston wath an elegant national Hag. Marching orders were received on the 2d of October, but did not take immediate elTect. The regiment was reviewed by Governor Andrew on the loth and one week later took cars for Boston, where with one-half of the Third Regiment it went aboard the ti'ansport Merrimac, destined for North Carolina. A landing w^as made at Morchead City, near Beaufort, on the 26th, whence the journey to Nowbern was made on platform cars during a rain-storm, giving the regiment an unpleasant introduc- tion to active service. Quarters were secured in bari-acks north of the city, the command forming part of a brigade com])osed of the Twenty-fourth and Forty-fourth Massachusetts, Fifth Rhode Island and Tenth Conneqticnt. The brigade was commanded by Colonel Thomas G. Stevenson of the Twenty-fourth. The warfare in North Carolina at that time largely consisted of expeditions from cither side to feel the position of the enemy and occupy strategic points, and on one of these the Forty-fourth were soon engaged. On the 80tli of October, ns part of a large force under CJeneral Foster, the regiment went on board transports, sail. ing down the Neuse I'iver into Pamlico Sound and ascending the Tar river to Washington, where they debarked next day, and on Ihe 2d of November set forth on their march northward. Nearly 20 miles were covered that day, and about dusk the Confederates were found in some force at Rawles Mills or Little Creek, near THE FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 631 Willininston. They were in command of a ford in the midst of dense dark woods, and as Comj)anies H and C, detached as skirmisliers, undertook to cross the creek they Avere fired upon, but made the crossinj^- and engaged the foe till their guns became useless, when they were relieved by Company E, supported by Company 1. This little force fought its way to the top of a hill beyond the creek, and the ford beiug thus secured the column crossed and pushed its way slowly along most of the night, making but little progress, with some skirmishing, though the casualties of the Forty-fourth were conlined to the skirmishers, being two killed and six wounded. The march was continued the following morning, leading by way of Hamilton toward Tarboro, within a few miles of Avhich it ended on the oth, the column retracing its steps to Hamilton next day, and thence by easier stages back to Plymouth, where steamer was taken for Xewl)ern and cam]) was reached r.rter an absence of two weeks. The ^lassachusetts Thanksgiving Day was celebrated very ajipro- priatoly on the 27th, after which the routine of camp life was not broken till the Cxoldsboro exi)edition, which left Newbern December 11, consisting of four brigades. The lirst engagement occurred at Ivinston on the 14th, l)ut it was fought and won before the Forty- fourth were called into service, they being merely in time to receive the surrender of a considerable number of prisoners. Two days later, on reaching Whitehall, it Avas found that a bridge across the creek had been burned, the southern troops being strongly i)ostcd on the opposite bank to dispute the crossing. The Forty-fourth took position behind a hill-crest on the Federal side of the stream but received a very sevei-e fire, and wei'c soon ordered back to the siipi)ort of llelger's Battery, having lost eight killed and 14 wounded. In the battle near Goldsboro the following day the regiment was on the resei-ve, and after this event the column turned its steps toward Newbern once more, where it arrived on the 20th. No other exj)cdition in which it had part took place till the 1st of February, 18G3, when the regiment marched to Plymoijth, whence it moved out several miles through the country, gathering a large quantity of forage without adventure, reaching Newbern on the 10th. Com])anies B and F were at this time dispatched to Batchel- der's Creek, for picket duty under Colonel Jones of the Fifty -eighth Pennsylvania, where they i-einained till the 1st of May. The (piiet of camp life was stirred on the 14th of March by an attack on the 032 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Union outposts on the east shore of the Neuse, and the day after the eight companies of the Forty-fourth present for duty started to reinforce the small garrison at Washington, a post of some import- ance at the confluence of the Tar and Pamlico rivers. On reaching the place Colonel Lee took command of the forces at Washington, consisting in addition to his own regiment of eight companies of the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, two companies of loyal North Carolinians and one each of cavalry and artillery. The Confederates began the siege of Washington on the 30th, on which date Companies A and G of the Forty-fourth, while making a reconnaissance across the river, nearly walked into an ambush and were fired upon, leaving three of Company G severely wounded, one fatally, in the hands of the enemy. Captain James M. Rich- ardson was also badly wounded, and others slightly. The force withdrew to the town, and the enemy at once began the investment, firing their first shots into the place on the 1st of April. The small force of defenders and the few gun-boats in the river made so determined a resistance, however, that the besiegers were held at bay till the arrival of reinforcements on the 14th, when the Con- federates retired. During the occupation of Washington the Forty-fourth met with a severe loss in the death of their esteemed surgeon. Dr. Ware, from malarial fever. He was not only devoted to the interests of the men under his professional charge, but delighted to serve the inhabitants who needed his assistance, and in this manner is sup- posed to have contracted his own fatal disease. Companies C, D and I, under Major Dabney, were taken on board the gun-boat Eagle on the evening of the 16th, and the fol- lowing day landed at Hill's Point, on the south side of the Sound, eight miles below Washington, where they occupied and destroyed the Confederate fortifications, building defenses to guard against an attack from the land side and remaining till the 22d, Avhen the detachment at Hill's Point was relieved by part of the Forty-third and that at Washington by the rest of the Forty-third and the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts, and the regiment started back to Newborn once more. After passing one night in the barracks the command was sent into Newborn as provost guard, relieving the Forty-fifth, and in the somewhat irksome details of that duty pass- ing the time till the expiration of its term of service. TTTE FOUTY-FOURTII REGIMENT. G33 The Forty-fourth were relieved by the Twenty-seventh on the 6th of June, and going by cars to Morchead City cml)arked on the transport steamers Guide and George Pealjody. After a decidedly rough passage Boston Avas reached early in the morning of the 10th, when the returning regiment paraded under escort, received a cor- dial welcome from j\[ayor Lincoln and the city government of Boston, and was furloughed until the IGth. Re-assembling then at Read- ville, the command passed three days in camp, when it was mustered out of the United States service and disbanded. Owing to the danger of a draft riot, however, the state authorities on the 14th of July called on the Forty-fourth, with other militia organizations. The}' reported promptly and remained on duty for a week. THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. THE Forty-fifth, from the fact that its field and many of its line officers had been prominently identified Avilh the First Company of Cadets, was known as the "Cadet Regiment." It was one of those recruited for nine months' service at Camp Meigs, Readvillc. Eight of the companies were mustered on the 26th of yepteml)er, 1862, and the others on the 7th of October; though additions were made later to bring the command up to the maximum. The field and staff were commissioned October 8, aiid mustered the 28th. Though the officers were largely from Boston and the immediate vicinity, over 200 cities and towns of the state were represented in the ranks of the regiment. The original roster of officers follows : — • Colonel, Charles R. Codman; lieutenant colonel, Oliver W. Pcabody; major, Russell Sturgis, Jr.; surgeon, Samuel Kneeland; assistant sur- geon, Joshua B. Tread well; chaplain, Andrew L. Stone, all of Bos- ton ; adjutant, (iershom (-. Wmsor of Brookline ; ({uarterniaster, Francis A. Dewson of ISlewton; sergeant major, Henry (t. AVhcelock of Walpole, N. H.; quartermaster sergeant, Arthur Reed; eomuiis- sary sergeant, Charles F. Richardson; hos])ital steward, Edward Wig- glcsworth, Jr., all of Boston. Company A — C*aptain. George P. Denny; first lieutenant, George E. Pond, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Edward B. Richardson of Brookline. Company B — Ca])tain, Joseph M. Churchill of ]\Iilton; first lieu- tenant, William S. Bond of West Roxbury; second lieutenant, Abijali HoUis of Milton. Company C — Captain, Edward J. Minot of Boston; first lieuten- ant, Harrison Gardner of Newton; second lieutenant, Lewis R. Whit- taker of Franklin. t'ompany I) — Captain, Nathaniel Willis Bumstead; first lieutenant, Samuel I'haxter; second lieuteiuint, Cyrus A. Scars, all of Boston. Company K — Captain, 'J'homas H. Wales, Jr.; lirst lieutenant, AlpliLMis II. Hardy; second lieutenant, J. Frank Emmons, all of Bo-ton. I THE FOliTY-FIFTII REGIMENT. G35 Company F — ('a])tain, Edward F. Deland; lirst lieutenant, Samuel 0. Ellis, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Theodore C. liurd of Framingham. Coini)any G — Captain, Jose])h Murdock of Roxbury; first lieuten- ant, Theocloro A. Tiiayer of Boston; second lieutenant, Benjamin II. Ticknor of West Eoxbury. Company 11 — Captain, Lewis W. Tappan, Jr., of West Roxbury; first lieutenant, Alfi-ed AVinsor, Jr., of Brookline; second lieutenant, Albert K. Post of New York. Company I — Captain, Charles 0. Rich; first lieutenant, Jolm I). Thompson; second lieutenant, Edward R. Ijladgen, all of Jk)ston. Company K — Capt;iin, (leorgi^ II. Ilomans; first lieutenant, Charles A. AA'alker. both of Boston; second lieutenant, John H. Rol»insou of Newton. The I'cginient was ordered on the 24tli of October to prepare for departure to North Carolina, and on the 5th of Novenihcr embarked on the transport steamer Mississippi. Some days of waiting fol- lowed in Boston harbor, made moi'o tedious by the ])revalcnco of a heavy storm, but the ]\Iississippi,.in eoin])any with two other steam- ers carrying the Forty -third and Forty-sixth Regiments, Ilnally sailed under llic protection of a gun-Ijoat and reached Beaufort on the loth. The regiment was at once transported by rail to New- Ijcrn and assigned to Colonel Amory's Brigade, consisting oi the Seventeenth and Twenty -third Regiments, to which the Forty-third and Fifty-llrst were added on their arrival — a line brigade of j\Ias- sachnsetts volunteers. Camp was established on the bank of the Trent some two miles from Newbern, wdicre the command remained without incident nntil the 12th of December. On that date the eight cohipanies in cam]) (C having been detached for special duty at Alorehead City and (J to Fort Macon) set forth upon tlu' ( Jolds- boro expedition. Tw^o days later, in the battle of Kinston, the regi- ment was engaged, winning much i)raisc for its gallantry and efli- ciency. Being ordered to charge the enemy, it advanced steadily over difficult ground, through a swampy forest under a severe cross fire, driving the Confederates from their position, suffering a loss of 15 killed and 4-'5 wounded. ( )u the IGth, at Whitehall, the Forty- filth again bore an honorable ])art, fighting flic Confederates across the creek, the bridge having been burned, and losing four killed and IG wounded, among the former being Color Sergeant Theodore Parkman of Boston. In the action at CJoldsboro on the following day the regiment was not actively engaged, and after the l)urning 636 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAR. of the railroad Ijridgc across the Xeuse at that point by the Union troops the return march was begun, the command reoccupying their former camps near Xewbern on the 21st. Some two weeks later Company I relieved Company C on duty at Morehead City and later went to Fort Macon.. On the ITth of Jan- uaiy, 1803, the regiment, with two other ^ine-months' organiza- tions, took part in a reconnaissance as far as Trenton, returning to camp after an absence of five days without having encountered the enemy, but having suffered much from heavy storms and conse- quent difficulty of marching. On the 26th it was detailed for pro- vost guard at Ncwbern, were it remained till the 25th of April, when it returned to the brigade and went into camp on the Neuse near the mouth of the Trent. Two days later Amory's Brigade took part in an expedition, marching on the 27th to Core Creek, 15 miles from Newbern on the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad. Next morning Colonel Cod- man, acting under orders, sent Companies C and H under Major Sturgis up the railroad, while Company D was sent out on a o'oss road to communicate with another column under General Palmer. About noon Colonel Codman with the balance of his regiment and the Seventeenth Massachusetts followed up the railroad, and after joining the force under Major Sturgis pushed along toward the junc- tion of the railroad and the Dover road, driving the enemy's pickets from point to point and finally encountering a considerable body near the junction behind an earthwork. After a sharp skirmish fire the I'egimcnt, supported by the Seventeenth, charged the works, driving out the enemy and planting the flag of the Forty-fifth in triumph on the intrenchments. The loss of the regiment was one killed and four wounded. The object of the expedition being accomplished the column re- turned to camp, and the Forty-fifth took no further part in active cam- paigning. They remained encamped near Fort Spinola till June 24, when they proceeded to Morehead City, and embarking on the steam- ers Spalding and Tillio sailed by way of Fortress Monroe for Boston. That city was reached on the 30th, the regiment being formally welcomed and ])roceeding to camp at Readville, where it Avas mus- tered out of the United States service on the 8th of July. THE FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. TI f E Forty-sixth Regiment was composed of Hampden County men and was recruited largely through the efforts of Rev. George Bowler of Westfield, who was made its first colonel. Camp N. P. Banks at Springfield was the place of rendezvous, and there the different companies gathered during September and Octo- ber, the camp being commanded by Colonel Walker of Springfield. As the companies filled they were mustered — Company I on the 24th of September, A, C, D and F on the following day, four more on the loth of October and K on the 22d, completing the regiment. The field and staff were mustered on the 30th, the following being the original roster of olficers : — Colonel, George Bowler of "Westfield; lieutenant colonel, AVilliam S. Shurtleft" of Springfield; major, Lucius B. Walkley; surgeon, James H. Waterman, both of Westfield; assistant surgeon, Thomas Gilfillan of Cummiugton; chaplain, George W. Gorliam of Holyoke; adjutant, James G. Smith of Chicopee; quartermaster, Henry il. ]\[oreliousc of Springfield ; sergeant major, Joseph F. Field of Westfield ; quarter- master sergeant, George B. Pierce of Holyoke; conimissary sergeant, Alfred J. Newton of Monsou; hospital steward, John li. Greeuleaf of Ware. Company A, Springfield — Captain, Samuel B. Spooner; first lieu- tenaut, Lewis A. Tilft; second lieutenant, Daniel J. Marsh. Company B — Captain, Daniel E. Kingsbury; first lieutenant, Henry Wheeler, second lieutenant, Amos 0. Kenney, all of Holyoke. Company C — Captain, Andrew Campbell 2d; first lieutenant, Joseph C. Xoble, second lieutenant, Joseph T. Spear, all of Westfield. Company D — Captain, David E. Grimes; first lieutenant, George H. Knapp; second lieutenant, David Bronson, all of Chicopee. Company E — Captain, James yi. Justin of Granville; first lieuten- ant, Charles U. Ely of AVest Springfield; second lieutenant, Lathrop Lee of Southwick. Company F — Captain, Russell H. Conwell of AVorthington ; first lieutenant, Horace Heath of Russell; second lieutenant, Charles Fay of Chester. 638 MASSACHUSETTS IN TUE WAB. Companv (i — Ciiptaiii, I-'nincis I). Lincoln of Brimlield; fii'st lion- tentuit, (ieorge Jl. llowc of ^lonson ; .second lieutenant. Julius M. Lvou of Wales. Company II — Captain. Francis C. Cook of I'almei-; first lieutenant. William >Shaw of Bclchertown; second lieutenant, (ieorge S. Dixon of Monson. Company I — Captain. William G, Leonard of Wilbraham; first lieu- tenant, Reuben DeWitt of Agawam; second lieutenant, X. Saxton Cooley of Longmeadow. Company K — Captain, John .\very of Westiield; first lieutenant, Elisha C. Tower of Wortliington; second lieutenant, (Jeorge ^\. Stew- art of Wales. The regiment being filled to its maximum left camp on the ")th of November for Boston where it embarked for Newbern, X. C. At first the command was divided between the steamers Merrimac and Mississippi, carrying the Forty -third and Forty-fifth Regiments re- spectively, five companies going aboard each transport ; but this disposition crowded l)oth steamers uncomfortably, and before sailing the steamer Saxon took on board seven of the companies, one being- left on the Merrimac and two on the Mississippi. In this man- ner the trip to North Carolina was made, Newbern being reached on the 15th, when the regiment was assigned to Colonel Horace C. Lee's Brigade, consisting of the Third, Fifth, Twenty-fifth. Twenty- seventh and Forty-sixth Massachusetts Regiments. The regi- mental camp was established on the right bank of the Xeuse, near the town. Soon after Comj)anics A and K, under command of Captain Spooner, w^ere detailed for duty at Newport Barracks, a station on the railroad between X"ewbe:n and Beaufort. The first active service of the command was in connection with the Goldsboro expedition. Starting on the morning of the 11th of December, the regiment held its place in the brigade column till 9 o'clock of the 13th, when it was detached with one section of the Twenty-fourth New York Battery, to guard the direct road to Kins- ton and some connecting roads, while the main column made a de- tour to the left. This position was held during the day, and at dusk an order was received to advance four miles toward Kinston, which was ])romptly executed, other cross roads Iteing guarded at thatj)oint. Rcjoiningtho main column next morning, tlie regiment during the battle of Kinston sui)|)orted a battciy, but was not actively engaged, in the light at Whitehall on the Kith it was at lii'st directed to enu'aue the eneiuv across the creek. l)ut after aO men THE FOin V-SIAT/I RKGIMENT. (i;;!l were detailed as sharp-sliooteis the rei^'iinent i-esiiiued its place in th(! coluuiu marching toward ( ioldsboro. 'J'he Wilmington Railroad at the ])oint of its crossing the Neuse being reached next day, the battle (jf Goldsboro opened, the Forty-sixth siiijporting I'elger's Kattciy without casualty. The bridge being burned and the track destroyed, the Union troops began to retire ; but as the enemy threatened the rear guard the Forty-sixth retraced their steps and took position near the Third Massachusetts, where they remained under artillery fire till the demonstration ceased, losing one killed and three wounded. One of the sharp-shooters at Whitehall was also Avounded. A march of three days took the regiment back to its former cami) near Xewbern, During the expedition it had been commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Shurtleff. Colonel Bowler, though too ill to assume command, accompanied the regiment to Kinston, when he was obliged to return to camp, and on the -3d of Januarv he re- signed his commission, Lieutenant Colonel Shurtlett", Major Walklev and Cai)tain Spooner being promoted in regular order. At this time Company A returned from its detached duty, being relieved by Company F, and the camp of the regiment was changed to a point near the continence of the Neuse and Trent rivers. There was the usual drill and much fatigue Avork on the fortifications, but the regiment was not again engaged in active campaigning till INfarch, when the Confederates began to threaten Newborn. Near night of the 13th of that month, the Forty-sixth, with the Fifth and Twenty-fifth and Belger's Battery, Avere sent out (ju the Trent road under Colonel Lee to hold in check a column of the enemy which had captured an outp(jst at Deep Gully, eight miles from Newbern. Next morning, after the skirmishers of the two forces were engaged, the Forty -sixth and Fifth were ordered back to Newljern, another rebel column having appeared and opened an attack near the city on the north bank of the Neuse. Reaching camp about noon, the regiment remained under arms till near night, when it was again sent out to Deep Gully, but found the foe re- tiring, and after following him for some distance returned to camp, three days after leaving it. Leaving Companies A and 1 under Major Spooner, the remaining six companies of the Forty-sixth, Avith the TAventy -fifth and Lee's Uattery. were sent to Plymouth, on the Roanoke river. — an import- 640 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. ant post threatened by the enemy and defended only by four com- panies of infantry, a few cavalry and some gun-boats in the river. On reaching- the place Colonel Pickett of the Twenty-fifth took command and at once set his entire force to strengthening the de- fenses, which they were allowed to do unmolested, the enemy meet- ing with no success in their siege operations at Little Wasliington, where their most earnest effort was put forth, and so finally aban- doning hostile demonstrations in that section. The region being dis- tricted, and General Wessells with his brigade taking charge of the "District of the Roanoke," including Plymouth, the Forty-sixth re- turned to Xewbern May 8, going into barracks near (he town. On the 21st the regiment with the rest of the brigade took part in an expedition against a detachment of the enemy known to be posted at Gum Swamp, eight miles from Kinston. Before reaching . the swamp the force divided, two regiments by a circuitous route seeking the rear of the Confederate position, while the Forty-sixth, Fifth and Twenty-fifth approached from the front, moving up about midnight and driving in the out)30sts, the Forty-sixth supporting a battery in the center of the Union line of battle. After some skir- mishing on the morning of the 22d the fire of the two regiments in the rear was heard, when a simultaneous charge was made, driv- ing out the Confederates in confusion. The column then started on its return, being harassed somewhat Ijy the enemy but reaching Newborn the following day without serious encounter. The two companies — A and I — left behind when the regiment went to Plymouth had taken an honorable part in the defense of Newborn at that time, and early in May were sent to Batchelder's Creek to serve on outpost duty under Colonel Jones of the Fifty- eighth Pennsylvania. This place was attacked on the 23d of May, Colonel Jones was killed and most of his command thrown into confusion; but Captain Tifft with his own company and part of Company I held an advanced redoubt long after the rest of the Union soldiers had fallen back some two miles, until finally dis- covered by a reconnoitering party and relieved. Sergeant A. S. Bryant of Company A was made sergeant major and received a medal from Congress for bravery on this occasion. Six days later a scouting party of nine sent out from these two companies was captured by guerrillas, but the men were fortunately soon paroled. As the term of service of the Forty-sixth ncared its close over THE FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 641 100 of the members enlisted in the Second Heavy Artillery Regi- ment, then being formed largely from among the nine-months' regi- ments. During the night of the 23d of June orders were received for the regiment to embark at short notice for Fortress Monroe, which it did the following night ; but owing to storms and delays did not reach its destination till the 28tli. It then prepared for a campaign under General Dix, but it being found that that ofTicer did not wish for troops whose term had so nearly expired, General Xciglco, who arrived next day suggested that the regiment volunteer for service during Lee's invasion of the North. This was agreed to, and the Forty-sixth, with the Eighth and Fifty-first were ordered by General Halleck to report to General Schenck at Baltimore. Reaching that city on the 1st of July, the regiment was assigned to the brigade of General E. B. Tyler, commanding the defenses of Baltimore, and was stationed at Camp Bradford, near the outskirts of the city, where it remained doing provost and guard duty till the . (ith when it was attached to a brigade commanded by General H. S. Hriggs and took the cars to Monocacy Junction, near Frederick, ^[arching to the city and reporting to General French, it was ordered back to its brigade and continued on to Sandy Hook, opposite Har- })er's Ferry. During the night of the 7th it took position on Mary- land Hights, where it remained, picketing the Sharpsburg road, till the lltli, when General Briggs was ordered to join the First Corps, Army of the Potomac. The 25 miles were marched in 16 hours, almost without a halt for rest, the brigade taking its assigned posi- tion at the right of the Union lines beyond Funkstown. There it remained for 24 hours, momentarily ex])ecting to take part in a great battle ; but that expectation vanished when it became known on the morning of the 14th that Lee's army was again in Virginia. Moving southward with the Army of the Potomac, the regiment reached Berlin on the IGth and rested till the 18th, when the First Corps began crossing the ponton bridge into Virginia. The Forty- sixth in the coluuinwei'e but a few rods from the river when orders were received to proceed immediately to Massachusetts to be mus- tered out of service. Obeying at once, the regiment went by rail via Baltimore and New York to Springfield, where it arrived on the moi-ning of July 21. The men were furloughed for a week, when the command reassembled on Hampden Park and was mustered out of the service by Cai)tain Gardner of the United States Army. THE FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. THE P'orty-Scventli Regiment, familiarly known as the "Mer- chants' Guard Regiment," Avas recruited through the efforts of Lucius B. Marsh, a prominent Boston merchant, gathering at Camp Edwin M. Stanton in Boxford, where the various com])anies were illled and mustered — A and B on the 19th of September, 18G2, three more by the 23d, while the other five followed at various dates (luring October, from the 9th to the 31st. The field and staff were mustered on the 7th of November and on the 11th the regiment was transferred to Camp Meigs at Readville. From each camp numerous desertions occurred, — the regiment in that respect being quite unfortunate. On the 29th of November orders were received to report to New York, where the Banks expedition was gathering, which it did with the following roster of officers : — Colonel, Lucius B. Marsh of Boston; lieutenant colonel, All)ert Stickney of Cambridge; nuijor, Austin S. Cushman of New Bedford; surgeon, John Blackmor of Somerville; assistant surgeon, Frederic W. Mercer; chaplain, (ieorge P. Hepworth, both of Boston; adjutant, Eli C. Kinsley of Cambridge; quartermaster, George N. Nichols of Roxhury; sergeant major, George P. How of Concord; quartermaster sergeant, Jose})li XL AVellman of Boston; commissary sergeant, Henry |j. Wheeler of (*oncord; hospital steward. C'harles Lee Foster of NortJi Audover; principal luusician, A\'illiaui .M. Wright of Pepperell. (*()m[)any A. Cauil)ridge — Captain, AIplicus Hyatt; first lieutenant. C'harles B. Stevens; second lieutenant, St('])lien S. Harris. Company B, Caud)ri(Ige — Captain, John \\. Mc(iregor; first Heuteu- tenant, Jared Shei)ard; second lieutenant, Edward Jl P. Kinsley. Company C, Attleboro — Captain, Jjcmuel T. Starkey. first lieuten- ant, Frank 8. Drajier; second lieutenant, Everett S. Horton. Company D, New IkMlford — Ca])tain, Joseph Burt, Jr.; first lieuten- ant, AVilHani H. 'r<)])h:un; second lieutenant, Samuel J. Blain. Conii)any E, (Jharlestown — CajilMin. (Hiarles Callender; first lieuten- ant, Charles (i. Pease; second licutciiant, lieiijaniin F. Hatch. THE FORTY-tSEVENTll REGIMEXT. 643 Company F. liostoii — Ciiptain. Jolm P. Biirljeck; lirst liculeiiaiit, Gcorire L. Shaw; second lieutenant, Jolm J. Currier. Company C. Concord — Captain, Richard liarrett; first lieutenant, Humphrey H. Buttrick: second lieutenant, (Teor<;e F. Hale. C()ni})any II — Captain. Samuel O. Laforest of South Boston; first lieutenant, Granville (». Redding; second lieutenant, Charles B. Spen- cer, both of Koxbury. Company I — C{H)tain, Jldward L. Bird of Boston; first lieutenant, All)ert H. Townsend; second lieutenant, William B. Hand, both of East Boston. Company K — Captain, Josiah A. Osgood of Chelsea; first lieutenant, Lewts F. Munroe of Roxbury; second lieutenant, James W. Converse of West Roxbury. The regiment went into camp on Long Island and waited there some three weeks lor transportation, when with other troops to the number of 2,000 it went aboard the steamer Mississij^pi on the 21st of December and the following day sailed for New Orleans, touch- ing at Ship Island, and reaching its destination on the evening of the 31st. Reporting to General Banks on the 1st of January, 1803, the regiment was ordered to Carrollton, where it reported to General T. W. Sherman, de])arking next day and going into Camp Ivcarny, of which Colonel Marsh took command. On the 11th of January, 1863, the Forty-seventh were ordered to United States Baii'acks, in the lower part of New Orleans, and marched to that point, proceeding the following day to the Louisiana Lower Cotton Press, three or four miles furtlier, but returning on the 14th to the Barracks and relieving the Thirtieth Massachusetts Regiment, Colonel Marsh taking command of the post. Four companies were detailed for special service, and Company B as guard for com- missary and ordnance stores, on which duty it continued till the term of service expired. Company E was detailed for provost duty at Thibodeaux on the 4th of February, and the remaining companies weie ordered to the Cotton Press. The regiment being thus scattered. Lieutenant Colonel Stickncy Avas given an active command, serving at Brash- ear City. Tliibodeaux, Lafourche Crossing and other points with credit, while (he legal ability of Major Cushman was given scope on the Sequestration Committee. The detached companies, with the excci)tion of B, were called in on the 12th of March, and the regiment was ordered to the Metaire Racc-conrsc, an es))ecially un- healthy place, being surrounded by stagnant pools and nuirshes. 644 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Colonel Marsh took command of the post, the force comprising several batteries of artillery, and much attention was given to im- proving the regiment in drill and discipline. Companies D and H went across Lake Ponchartrain twice, capturing a steamer, a schooner and other property, including a quantity of cotton. On the 19th of May, Colonel Marsh with his command was ordered to Camp Parapet, where he relieved General Dorr and took command of the post, consisting of numerous detachments of artil- lery and other troops, the line of defenses being some 30 m\lcs in length. Soon after taking command Colonel Marsh recruited a company of negroes for service in the swamps, to which additions were made till the Second Louisiana Engineer Regiment was nearly filled, and its ofiicers came largely from the membership of the Forty -seventh, the contraband camp furnishing most of the enlisted men. Camp Parapet was occupied by the regiment during the siege of Port Hudson, after which, the term of enlistment having expired, the command received orders to return home, sailing on the 5th of August from Carrollton in the steamer Continental. Cairo, 111., was reached on the 13th, and thence the journey to Boston was made by rail, the regiment reaching the latter cit}^ on the morning of the 18th and receiving an enthusiastic reception. The experience of this regiment was peculiar. It was not in action during its ser- Tice; its single fatal casualty was the killing of one man In' guerril- las, while but 24, including the hospital steward, had died from dis- ease. The men being furloughcd till the 1st of September gathered then at Readville and were mustered out of the service by Captain Brown, L". S. A. THE FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. THE Forty-eighth Regiment was intended for an Essex county nine-months' organization, and eight companies had been gathered at Camp Landers in Wenham, when the necessity for sending forward the troops intended for the " Banks Expedi- tion" led to a modification of the original plan. Two of the com- panies were detached and assigned to the Fourth Regiment to bring it to the required standard, while the six companies remaining were transferred to Camp Meigs at Readville. There they were joined by four Irish companies from Camp Joe Hooker at Lakeville, which had been recruited by James O'Brien with the intention of forming a i-cgiment of that nationality, and after considerable dilliculty, dur- ing which many of the O'Brien recruits deserted, the regiment was organized and officered, Mr. O'Brien being made lieutenant colonel. Company A was mustered the 16th of September, 1862, and six other companies by the 1st of October, but it was not till the 9th of Decem- ber that Company K,',arely lilled to the minimum, was ready for the mustering officer, and additions were made at later dates. The field and staff were mustered December 8, and the roster was as follows : — Colonel. Kbru F. Stone of Xewburyport; lieutenant colonel, James O'Bric'u of Charlestown; major, George Wheatland of Salem; surgeon, Yorick (}. Kurd of Anicsbury; assistant surgeon, Francis F. Brown of Sudbui-y; chaplain, Samuel J. Spaulding of Newburyport ; adju- tant, F. Gilbert Ogden of Boston; ijuartermaster, Horace W. Durgin of Salem; sergeant major, John W. Kicker of Xewburyport; quarter- master sergeant. John (J. Robinson of Salem; commissary sergeant, James W. Currier of ^'ewburyport; hospital steward, Elisha M. Wliitc of Charlestown. Company A, Xewburyport — Captain, Calvin M. "Woodward; first lieutenant, Ira F. Law-ry; second lieutenant, Charles P. Morrison. Conqiany B — Captain, Eben P. Stanwood of West Xewbury: first lieutenant, Henry G. liollins of Groveland; second lieutenant, Moses B. ^lerrill of West Xewbury. 646 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company C — Captain, William S. Pettingill of East Salisljurv; lirst lientenant, John O. Currier of Amesbury Mills; second lieutenant, Samuel Coffin of East Salisbury. Company D — Captain, Benjamin F. Xoycs of Ncnvbury; first lieu- tenant, William Lord 4th, of Ii).s\vich ; second lieutenant, James Wilson of Topsfield. Company E — Ca}>tain, Charles Howes of Essex: first lieutenant, Charles Saunders; second lieutenant, Charles J. Lee, both of Salem. Comjiany F — Captain, Edgar J. Sherman of Lawrence; first lieu- tenant, Francis M. Smith of Lynn; second lieutenant, Xicholas N. Noyes of Amesbury. Company G — Ca])tain, Roliinson X. Scholf of East Salisbury; first lieutennut, William E. Iiudderhamof Quincy; second lieutenant, John S. O'Brien of Boston. Company H — Captain, James C. Rogers of Chelsea; first lieutenant, Peter O. C. Frawley of Lowell; second lieutenant, James ^laginnis of Belmont. Company I, — Captain, Frank M. Smith of Lynn; first lieutenant, John Keade of Milfortl; second lieutenant, William J. Hartnett of Dedham. Company K — Captain, J. Scott Todd of Rowley; first lieutenant, Leach Clark; second lieutenant, Henry J. Bellen, both of Bostoji. The regiment went to New York on the 27th of December, and on the 29th went aboard the steamer Constellation under orders to join General Banks's forces in Louisiana. Sailing on the 4th of January, 1863, for Fortress Monroe, the vessel was detained there for seven days, when it resumed the voyage and reached New Orleans February 1. The regiment was transferred to the steamer New Brunswick on the 3d and sailed for Baton Rouge, where it was quartered at Camp Banks, being brigaded with the Twenty-first Maine and One Hundred and Sixteenth New York. The brigade — to which the Forty-ninth Massachusetts Regiment was presently added — was the First of the First Division, Nineteenth Corps. Gen- eral Augur commanded the division and Colonel E. P. Chapin of the One Hundred and Sixteenth the brigade. The first service of the regiment, apart from routine duties, came on the 13th of March, when long before daybreak it started out with a colored regiment and some cavalry on a reconnaissance. Going by transports to Springfield Landing, the force debarked under cover of the guns of Farragut's fleet, floundered for half a mile through the tidewater which covered the road from the laniling to the bluff, some of the way up to the men's waists, then formed the line of nmrch and penetrated as far as the junction of the THE FORTY-EiailTlI REGIMENT. <>47 Springfield and Bayou Sara roads, the cavalry drivinu- in the riM-my's pickets but finding no call for the services of the infantry. Having advanced to within live miles of the Confederate lines about Port Hudson, the column returned to Baton Rouge. At Montecino liayou on the return the expedition met the head of Grover's Division. which was en route for a demonstration against the land defenses of Port Hudson, and on the following day the Forty-eighth took its place in the rear of the column, as guard to the baggage train. After the diversion General Banks returned to Montecino Bayou, where his army encamped for a few days, and on the 20th the Forty-eighth returned to their camp at Baton Rouge. At this time most of the troops were withdrawn from Baton Rouge to New Oi-lcans, whence they were to operate in other jtortions of Louisiana, leaving only the First and Third Brigades of Augur's Division at the former place, so that the Union lines were contracted and the .camp of the regiment was moved into the town. This position was occupied till the 18th of May without any im- portant event", when the regiment reported to Colonel Dudley, com- manding the Third Brigade, and was attached to his command for the advance toward Port Hudson. That movement began on the 21st, the brigade leading the column, and when near Plains Store a hostile battery checked the advance. This was soon driven back, and not long afterward a section of Arnold's Battery was i)lanted on the direct road from the Store to Port Hudson and the Forty- eighth were detailed to support it, the line extending across the road and the regiment being directed to bivouac there for the night, the understanding being that the iianks were adctpiately protected by other troops. Fire was presently ojjcned by a b:itteiy of the enemy in front, and while the regiment was lying low to avoid the missiles a column of infantry passed the tiank of the ])rostrate line and gained its rear, being only discovered when with a yell it opened a heavy musket fire at short i-ange. The Forty-eighth were unavoidably thrown into some confusion, and fell back to the Store, while two regiments of the First Brigade advanced against the assailants, who retired without further conflict to the Port Hudson fortifications. The total loss of the regiment was 20, of whom two were killed, seven wounded and the rest taken ])ris()ners. On the 2r)th Augur's Division moved uj) the Bayou Sni-a road and to:,k its place for the investment of Port Huds'in. A u'eneral 648 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. assault of the works being ordered for the 27th, the division "was called on for 200 volunteers for a storming party and the Forty- eighth promptly furnished nearly one-half that number, including Lieutenant Colonel O'Brien, 15 line officers and 77 enlisted men. One-half of this force was intended to carry fascines for filling the ditch, while the others were to dash across and mount the enemy's works. The approach to the hostile position was so difficult, how- ever, that storming party and main lines became mingled, and all finally broke and fell back without reaching the works, after suffer- ing severely. Lieutenant Colonel O'Brien was shot dead while cheering forward his forlorn hope early in the engagement, and the regiment lost six others killed and 41 wounded. After the failure of this assault regular approaches by siege began, and after serving in the duties required by the undertaking till the 5th of June the regiment was ordered back to Plains Store for guard duty, where it remained until the 13th. It was then ordered to the left and temporarily attached to Emory's Third Di- vision, commanded by General D wight in the illness of Emory, and on the 14th formed part of the assaulting column of that division, making a strong demonstration to cover a more determined attack by the other divisions. Some ground was gained, liut no impres- sion made on the intrcnchments at any i)oint, the loss of the Forty- eighth being two killed and 11 wounded. The following day the regiment returned to its brigade, with which it shared the toil and exposure of the remainder of the siege, but without further loss l)y battle. Disease wasted the command, in common with all . others, among the victims being Lieutenant Maginnis, who died June 21. Port Hudson surrendered on the 9th of July, and that evening Augur's Division, under command of General Weitzel, sailed down the river on transi)orts, debarking next morning at Donaldsonvillc, a short distance IjoIow which place the Confederates had planted batteries behind the levees cutting off communication with New Orleans. On the 13th the First and Third Brigades of Augur's Division moved up the right bank of the Bayou Lafourche under command of Colonel Dudley, with a detachment from G rover's Division on the left bank. After proceeding three or four miles the enemy was encountered in force with artillery, and as it was not intended to bring on an engagement the Union forces began to fall back. Those on the left bank making better time than THE FORTY-EIGUTH REGIMENT. 049 Augur's men, the latter ^vcre exposed to a flank fire from across the stream, by which three of the Forty-eighth were killed and seven wounded ; and in extricating itself the regiment lost 23 capt- ured. The enlisted men were paroled and soon returned to duty, l)ut the two officers. Lieutenants Wilson and Bassett, Avcre taken to Texas and remained in captivity some time longer. In the open fields near Donaldsonville, the regiment went into camp till the 1st of August, when it returned to Baton Rouge, re-occui)icd its former camp till the 9th, when it went aboard the transport Sunny South and the following day sailed up the river for Cairo. Reaching that point on the 17th, the command took cars for Boston, where it arrived on the morning of the 23d. The men were furloughed till the 3d of September, while the final papers were prepared, when they re-assembled at Camp Lander and were mustered out. THE FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. THE Forty-ninth Ret>imcnt was com])OScd of troops ffoni Berk- shire County enlisted inider the call of Auirust 4. 18G2, for nine months" service. The first rcnde/.vons was at Camp Briu'gs, Pittslield, to which the various companies rei)aired as their ranics were lilled, each coming in with a complete company organi- zation, the officers of the nine-months' troops having been elected by vote of the commands on the militia system. Com|)any A, of J'itts- field,Avhich had been waiting for a few days, using Burbank Hall for barracks, took possession of the camp on its vacation by the Thirty- seventh Regiment, September 7, and other companies followed so promptly that on the 18th and 19th of that month the first seven were mustei-ed into the national service and Captain William F. Bartlett (jf Ihe Twentieth Regiment took connnand of the ])os". On the 14th of October the last company arrived, and on the 28th the nuistcr-in of the regiment was completed. Camp was quitted November 7 for more comfortable (juarters in llu' har- i-acks at Cam]) Wool, Worcester, where the Fifty-first Regiment also sojourned, the canij) being under command of Colonel G. II. Ward. A formal election for field officers was held by the line ofticers on the loth, and the I'esult was the lollowing original i-oster: — Colonel, William F. Bartlett of Pittsiield; lieutenant colonel. Samuel B. .Sumner of Great Burrington; nuijor, Charles T. Blunkctt of I'itts- lield; surgeon, Frederick AVinsor of Jiostou; assistant surgeon, Albert R. Rice of Springtield; adjutant. Benjamin C. Millin of Boston; quartermaster, Henry B. Brewster; sergeant major, Henry J. Wylie, both of Pittsficld ; quartermaster sergeant, George E. Howard of Lanesboro; commissary sergeant, H. H. Northroj) of Cheshire; hos- pital steward, Albert J. Morey of Lee; drum major, E. N. Merrv of Pittsiield. Company A, I'ittslield — Caj)tain, Israel C. AVeller; tirst lieutenant, George W. Clark; second lieutenant, Frederick A. Francis. Company B — Captain, ('harles IJ. (Jarlick of Lanesl)oro; first licm- THE FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. (iol teiKint, (Jharles \\. Kiiillin of West Stockbridge; second lieutenant, Kobcrt 11. Noble of Williamstown. ComiKiny C — Captain, George li. Lingenfeltcr of Pittslield; first lieutenant, Daniel Ji. Foster of Cheshire; second lieutenimt, William W. Wells of Pittslield. Company D, Great Barrington — Captain, Samuel J. Chaffee; lirst lieutenant, Joseph Tucker; second lieutenant, Thomas Sig,i;ins. Company K — Captain, Horace D. Train of ShetTleld; first lieuten- ant, Kobert T. Sherman of Egremont; second lieutenant, II. Dwight Sissons of Mew Marlboro. Company 1' — Cai)tain, Henjamin A. ■\Iorey of Lee; first lieutenant, Eilson T. Dresser of Stockbridge; second lieutenant, George 11. Sweet of Tyringham. C()m])any (J — Captain, I-'rancis W. Parker of Adams; lirst lieuten- ant, Kol)ert B. llarvic of Williamstown; second lieutenant, Henry M. Ly('ns of Adams. Company II — Captain, Augustus Y. Shannon of Lee; first lieuten- ant, liurton D. Deming of Sandistield; second lieutenant, DeWitt S. Smith of Lee. - Company 1 — Captain, Zenas C. Eennic- of Pittsfield; first lieuten- ant, Leroy S. Kellogg of Lee; second lieutenant, William Nichols of Williamstown. Com])any K — Captain, Byron Weston of Lee ; first lieutenant, Roscoe C. Taft of ShefTield; second lieutenant, Isaac E. -ludd of Egremont. Cam)) Wool was (piitted on the 29th of November, the regiment going by rail to Norwich, Ct., where the steamer Commodore was taken for Now York, the metropolis being reached early next morn- ing. A halt was made for a few days at the Franklin Street barracks in that city: but on the 4th of December the conimand inarched by way of Broadway to Peck Slip, crossed the Fast river and ])ro- cccdcd some miles out on Long Island to Camp Banks, where tents were pitched in the midst of 25 or 30 other regiments waiting to make part of "• Banks's Fxpedition.*' Many of the officers and en- listed men were detailed for service in New York on provost duty — principally arresting deserters — and the remainder shivered in their tents till the 23d of the month, when, some of the regiments having dei)arted, they moved to more comfortable (juarters in " Snedeker's Harracks." The .Forty-ninth with other troops embarked .lanuaiw 23. 18G3, on the steamer Illinois, and touching at Fortress Mon'.'oe three days later for orders continued on to New Orleans. That city was passed February 7, and at CarroUton, seven miles above, the reuiment landed, encamping in the vicinity till the l»)th, when traiispnit was 652 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. taken for Baton Rouge. Arriving- there the Forty-ninth became a part of the First Brigade, First Division, Nineteenth Corps; its fellow-regiments being the Forty -eighth Massachusetts, Twenty-Iirst Maine and One Hundred and Sixteenth New York — Colonel Chapin of the latter regiment commanding the brigade and General Augur the division. At Camp Banks near Baton Rouge some weeks were passed in routine duties, Avith no further excitement than an oc- casional exchange of shots with some scouting party on the picket lines ; but in common with all the northern troops the Forty-ninth suffered seriously from fevers and malarial complaints. Early in the morning of the 14th of ]\Iarch Augur's Division broke camp and followed those of Emory and Grover in the direc- tion of Port Hudson, to assist at the demonstration in favor of Far- ragut's fleet. That night a portion of the fleet succeeded in passing the batteries, so as to patrol the river between that point and Yicks- burg, and the regiment, having bivouacked within eight miles of the Confederate stronghold, returned next day to Baton Rouge. On reaching the latter place orders were received to return im- mediately to Bayou Montecino, some five miles away, where a large part of the troops had halted in coming in, and the command trudged back through a pouring rain. There they remained till the 20th, returning then to Baton Rouge, where Company G was de- tailed for provost guard in the city. The remainder of the regi- ment selected a more favorable camping place on the 4tli of Aj)ril, in which it remained till Banks's decisive move against Port Hudson. In the mean time sickness was working especial havoc with both officers and men. In early May 300 of the members were off duty, so that when the regiment joined in the movement on the 20th of May not over 450 accompanied the colors, including Company G, which was presently returned to duty at Baton Rouge. Participat- ing in the little engagement at Plains Store on the 21st, the Forty- ninth suffered the loss of a few men wounded. Lieutenant Tucker losing a leg. With some additional skirmishing the regiment Mcnt into position in front of the Confederate works, and had its full share of the hardships of the siege which followed. A call being made on the 2Gth for volunteers for a forlorn hope for the assault of the following day, 65 men and officers responded, some 20 more than were required. In the futile attempt to carry the works by storm on the 27th the regiment bore a gallant ])art THE FOliTY-XINTU REGIMENT.- G53 and suffered severely. Advancing over very dillicult ground, it reached the most advanced position occupied by troops of the divis- ion, losing 16 killed and 64 wounded out of a total present of 233. The colonel and lieuten:int colonel were wounded, devolving the command upon Major Plunkctt, who thenceforth led the regiment till the end of its service. Many of the line oflicers were wounded, Lieutenant Doming being killed and Lieutenant Judd fatally hurt, dying on the 13th of June. Though not joining in the assault of June 14, the Forty-ninth occujjied the front line of the division and ojjoned (ire on the enemy, suffering a loss of one killed and 17 wounded; and in the inccssnut skirmishing and sharp-shooting which continued till the surrender they bore a conspicuous part. After the surrender of Port Hudson the regiment descended the river to Donaldsonville, in which vicin- ity the Confederates had been operating, and on the 13th of July made an excursion into the interior along the Bayou La Fourche. During the afternoon they encountered a vastly superior force from General Taylor's army, by which they were nearly surrounded and were obliged to fall back in confusion with a loss of thiec killed, the adjutant and four others wounded and 16 taken prisoners. Returning to Donaldsonville, the regiment encamped in an open field near by, where it remained doing picket duty till the 1st of August, when it returned to Camp Banks at Baton Rouge, from which it had been al)scnt on an active campaign for more than ten weeks. The term of service having expired, Comjiany G rejoined the regiment on the 6th, the missing of the last engagement re- turned the following day, having been paroled, and on the 8th steamer was taken for New Orleans. There it was found that the expected transportation had been assigned to another command and the Forty -ninth embarked on the Steamer Temple for Cairo, 111., which was reached on the 16th. Cars were taken for home on the evening of the 18th, the journey by way of Indianapolis, Cleveland, Buffalo and Albany to Pittsfield being completed on the forenoon of the 22d, when the regiment was given an enthusiastic reception at its Berkshire home. On the 1st of September, the linal papers having been prepared, the cinnmand was formally mustered out of service. THE FIFTIETH REGIMENT. THE Fiftieth Regiment, an Essex county organization, was formed from the nucleus furnished by the Seventh Regiment of Militia, taking the new number as there was already a three-years' regiment in the field known as the Seventh. Its ren- dezvous was at Camp Edwin M. Stanton, Boxford, where it was rapidly filled to the required standard. Companies A and B were mustered on the 15th of September, 1862, six companies on the llHh, and H and I on the 29th and 30th respectively. The colonel and lieutenant colonel had risen from the militia ranks through their military ability, both having commanded companies in the Fifth Regiment at the first battle of Bull Run, and the Fiftieth showed the marks of their ellicient management. The entire field and staff were mustered November 11, and the roster of officers follows : — Colonel, Carlos P. Messer of Haverhill; lieutenant colonel, John W. Locke of Soutli licading; major, John Hodges, Jr., of Salcni; surgeon, William Cogswell uf Bradford; assistant surgeon, Nathaniel W. French of Concord, X. H.; chaplain, Iiol)ort Hassall of Haverhill: adjutant, Henry A. AVentworth of Maiden; quartermaster, Henry 1). Degan of South Reading; sergeant major, Oliver A. IJoberts; quar- termaster sergeant, David ^1. Kelley; commissary sergeant, Leonard Rand; hospital steward, B. Addison Sawyer, all of Haverhill; princi- pal musician, Henry Johnston of Tojjsfield. Company A, Salem — Captain, George D. Putnam; first lieutenant, Robert W. Reeves; second lieutenant, William B. Ui)ton. Company B — Captain, John L. Ward; lirst lieutenant, Edward W. Phillips; second lieutenant, William H. Hard, all of Salem. Comi)any C — Captain, Darius X. Stevens; first lieutenant, Samuel C. Trull, both of Stoneham; second lieutenant, Frederick Cochrane of .Methucn. Company D — Captain, Josiah W. Coburn of Reading; first lieuten- ant, John S. Coney of X'orth Reading; second lieutenant, Orainel G. Abbott of Readiuir. THE FIFTIETH UEGIMENT. 65-3 Company E, South Kciulin^ — Captain, Samuel F. Littlefield; first lieutenant, Horace M. Wai-reii; secoiul lieutenant, James D. Dra])er. Conii)any F, Haverhill — Captain, Samuel W. Duncah: first lieuten- ant, David Boynton; second lieutenant, Ira Hurd. Company G, Haverhill — Captain, Georj^e W. Edwards; first lieuten- ant, (Jeoi'ire W. Wallace; second lieutenant. Andi'ew F. Stowe. Company H. Chelsea — Ca))tain, Cyi'us Hol)l)s; first lieutenant, Henry 'i'. Holmes; second lieutenant, William P. Daniels. Company I, ^^'orcester — Captain, Nicholas Power; first lieutenant. John J. O'Gorman: second lieutenant, Martin Hayes. Company K — Captain, John G. Barnes; fii'st lieutenant, John P. Bradstreet] hoth of Georgetown; second lieutenant, James H. Rund- lett of Bradford. The rciiimcnt left camp for Now York on the 19th of Xovcnibor, and after stopping for a few days in the city at the Franklin Street Barracks moved to Camp Banks on Long Island to await transpor- tation to New Orleans. It is illustrative of the straits to which the national government was reduced at times for transportation, that the Fiftieth were sent forward by detachments, as a result of which and the resultant delays the regiment was not again reunited till two-thirds ol the term of service had expired. On the 29th Comjjanies A, E, 1 and K went to New York for transportation, I going aboard the steamer New Brunswick and sailing on the 1st of December. This company reached Baton Rouge on the 16th and was attached to the Thirtieth Regiment till other detachments of the Fiftieth should arrive. The other three companies went aboard the Jersey Blue at the same time, but that craft did not sail till December 11, and on getting to sea it became imraanageable and put in to Hilton Head where the troops debarked and remained for three weeks, when they were taken on the bark Guerrilla, reached Xew Orleans January 20, 1863, went into camp at CarroUton till February 5, and wei'c then transferred to Baton Rouge. Five of the remaining companies were ]>ut aboard the steamer Niagara December 12, with the Held and staff officers, leaving Comj)any II behind for want of room. The Niagara sailed on the loth, but the first night she sjjrung a leak, putting in at the Dela- ware Breakwater and going thence to Philadelphia where she was examined and condemned. It was not till the 1st of January that the ship Jenny Lind reached Philadelphia with Company II on board, and not till the 9th that the six companies sailed for Fortress Monroe, reaching there on the l-Uh. As the ci'aft was l)adly o:,(i jMAssachusetts in the wae. crowded, Companies B, D and H were put on board the ship Monte- bello, which sailing on the 16th reached New Orleans the 27th. but with small-pox among some of the other troops on board. The detachment of the Fiftieth, commanded b)^ Lieutenant Colonel Locke, went with their companions into quarantine, suffering some- what from the disease but having no fatal cases. They did not join the regiment, however, till the 2d of April. The Jenny Lind reached New Orleans February 9, and the portion of the regiment which she brought was transferred to Baton Rouge by the steamer Iberville on the 14th, where it was attached to the Third Brigade, First Division. The other regiments of the brigade were the Thir- tieth Massachusetts, One Hundred and Sixty-first and One Hun- dred and Seventy-fourth New York and Second Louisiana. The "brigade was commanded by Colonel Dudley of the Thirtieth and the division by General Augur. After four weeks of drill and routine the regiment on the 14th of March set forth with other troops of General Banks's command to make a demonstration in the rear of Port Hudson, to aid in the attempt of Admiral Farragut to run the batteries, and that attempt being partially successful the regiment returned to its camp at Baton Rouge, but immediately took passage by steamer to Winter's Plantation, a few miles below Port Hudson and on the other side of the Mississippi, Avhere it went on picket till communication was had with Farragut in the river above. This being accomplished the command returned to its camp on the 26th. With the excep- tion of an expedition for the construction of a bridge on the Port Hudson road in which some of the comj)anies took j»art April 9, nothing notable occurred till the 12th of May, when the regiment nuirched with its brigade and the other troops toward Port Hudson. On i-eaching White's ]>ayou at the crossing of the Clinton road, ten miles southeast of Port Hudson, the regiment was posted to guard that point against roving forces of the enemy, Mdiile the lines were drawn about the stronghold. The preparations for assault being completed, the Fiftieth moved \i\) on the 26th within range of the enemy's guns, and on the fol- lowing day took part in the attack, though not closely engaged, losing four Avounded — one mortally. They were then engaged in supporting the Union batteries till the second assault, June 14, when Ihoy were in the reserve, taking no active part. Thenceforth THE FIFTIETH REGIMENT. OoT till the surrender on the 7th of July the reirimcnt was occupied in tlu! tluties of the sieue, principally in sui)i>ort of the artillery. The day after the capitulati(jn the Fiftieth were selected for garrison duty w ithin the captured fortifications, in which they were engaged dur- ing the remainder of their term of service. Setting out for home on the 2!tlh aboard the steamer Omaha, they ascended the Missis- siitpi to near Helena, Ark., when the vessel grounded on a san(i-l)ar, August o, necessitating the transfer of the command to the steauier G. !M. Kennett, by which they were safely delivered at Cairo, 111., on the 5th. Going thence by rail, Boston was reached on the 11th and the regiment was mustered out at Wenham on th-c 2-l:tli. Its service had been very fortunate as regarded fatality in battle, but one man having been killed in action, though 88 had died of disease, including Assistant Surgeon French at Baton Rouge, April 21. THE FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT. THE Fil'ty-iirst Regiment eoiii})rised that part of the nine- months' quota recruited from the southern portion of Worces- ter County, including the city, and rendezvoused at Camp John E. Wool at Worcester, the camp being under the command of Colonel Ward of the Fifteenth Regiment. Six of the companies were mustered on the 25th of September, 1862, B, D and G on the 30th, F on the 14tli of October, and the field officers on the 11th of November. The original roster is as follows — the field and staff with the exception of the surgeons l)oing Worcester men : — Colonel, Augustus B. R. Sprague ; lieutenant colonel, John .M. Studley ; major, EHjah A. Harkuess ; surgeon, George Jewett of Fitchburg; assistant surgeons, J. Homer Darling of East J)ouglasaud Paul C. (iarvin of Boston; chaplain, Gilbert Cummings, Jr.; adju- tant, J. Stewart Brown ; quartermaster, Bonjaniiu 1). J)winuell; ser- geant major, George E. Bai'ton; quartermaster sergeant, Edward S. Washburn; commissary sergeant, Henry W. Stayner; hospital stew- ard, Edward P. Cotting. Company A — Cai)tain, Edwin A. Wood of Worcester; first lieuten- ant, John W. Sanderson of Westboro ; second lieutenant, Calvin N. Harrington of Worcester. Company B — Captain, George Bascom of Holden; first lieutenant, Francis AV. Adams of Brookfield; second lieutenant, George W. Dodd of Pax ton. Company C — Captain, Thomas W. Higginson ; first lieutenant, John 15. Goodcll; second lieutenant, Luther H. Bigelow, all of Worces- ter. (Cajitain Higginson was commissioned colonel of the First Soutii Carolina Volunteers November 17; during January, ]8(>;5, the two lieutenants were promoted in order and .1. Orlando Bemis became second lieutenant.) Company 1) — Captain, George W. l^routy; first lieutenant, Luther Capron, .Jr.; second lieutenant. .Joel H. Prouty, all of Worcester. Company E — Cajjtain, AVilliam F. AVheeler of Worcester; first lieu- tenant, Charles P. Winslow of AVestboro ; second lieutenant, George F. Jourdan of Grafton. Company F — Captain, Joel S. ]5aldwin; first lieutenant, Charles H. Peck; second lieutenant, Samuel S. Eddy, all of Worcester. THE FIFTY-FIRST liEGUIENT. Ono C()ini):iny G — Captain. Thomas D. Kimball of Oxford ; first lieu- teiKuit, Charles 0. Stori's ; second lieutenant, Silas 8. Joy, both of AVi'liStiT. Company H — Captain, Moraoe Hobbs of Worcester; first lieuten- ant. Marrena H. White of Charlton; second lieutenant, Jacol* M. Hakcr of Dudley. Cv>mpany I-^Cai)tain, William Hunt of Douglas; first lieutenant, Harrison F. J^radish of I'pton; second lieutenant, Lucius M. 'J'liayer of Douglas. Company K — Captain, Daniel AV. Kiml)all of Mill])ury; first lieu- tenant, Joel H. Howe of Blackstone ; second lieutenant, Horace ('. Coleman of Mendon. With the muster of its field officers, all from active service in the field, orders came to the rcu-iment to proceed to North Carolina for service under General Foster, by especial request of that officer. Cars were taken for Boston on the 25th of November, aiid that afternoon the command went aboard the transport ]\rerrininc, sail- ing that evening. Beaufort, N. C, was reached on the 30th after a stormy voyage, cars were taken to Newbern, and the regiment was quartered in barracks which were being built on the south side of the Trent river. It was assigned to Colonel Amory's Brigade of Massachusetts troops, the other regiments being the Seventeenth, Twenty-third, Forty-third and Forty-fifth. The regiment was not armed till the 9th of December, and on the lltli it was ordered to form part of the Goldsboro expedition — a movement in co-operation with General Burnside's battle of Fred- ericksburg. Setting out that morning, it marched with the main colunni till the following afternoon, when it was detailed with a section of artillery under Captain Ransom of the Twenty-fourth New York Battery to guard Beaver Creek bridge and the main roads to Kinston and Trenton, in the rear of the advancing col- umn. At sunrise on the morning of the 14th, in charge of some prisoners which had been picked up by the Union cavalry, it marched to join the brigade, which it overtook that evening, and was under fire in the engagement at Whitehall the l(Uh, though not taking an active part. During the operation at Goldsboro on the 17th the regiment was on duty as guard of the rear of the col- umn and the long baggage train, from which it was relieved when the force again marched toward Newl)ern, the railroad bridge at Goldsboro having been destroyed, — news of the defeat of Burnsidc at Fredericksburg being received en route. The barracks on the 660 ^rASSACH[TSETTS IN THE WAli. Trent were reached on the 21st, the loss of the command during the expedition having l)een but two wounded. On the 30th Com- pany (t was detailed for garrison duty at Brice's Ferry, where it remained till the expiration of its term of service. On tlie ITtli of January, 1803, seven companies of the re<>iment took part in the expedition to Pollockville, whence on the following morning two companies went with the main column to Trenton while the five remaining, with some cavalry, held Pollockville till the return of the force. The five companies were then sent on in advance to Young's Cross Roads, passing which they encountered at White Oak Creek the enemy's outposts and drove them back. On the 20th they crossed the river and formed an outpost on the Jacksonville road, the entire force returning next day to the camps about Newbern. During this time the Fifty-first suffered much from the ravages of disease, many of the members having died of cerebro-sjtinal meningitis, and on the 2d and 3d of March the regiment was dis- tributed at various points along the railroad between Newbern and Morehead City, relieving the garrisons at those places and also at Beaufort and Evans's Mills, Avith head-quarters at Beaufort, Major Harkness being provost marshal of that town and Morehead City; Colonel Sprague was assigned to the command of the District of Beaufort, which included Fort Macon. After two months of this service the health of the command having greatly improved, the regiment returned on the 4th of May to the barracks at Newbern. A reconnaissance was made on the Tth by Colonel 8prague with five comi)anies of his regiment, a section of artillery and a small cavalry force, tlie infantry going as far as Cedar Point and the cavalry penetrating several hours' ride beyond, but encountering no enemy and returning to Newbern on the 10th. This proved the last active campaigning of the regiment in North Carolina. The barracks were vacated on the 22d and Camp Wellington was es- tablished near the junction of the Neuse and Trent rivers, and there the time was passed till the 24th of June, when the Fifty-first were ordered to Fortress Monroe and sailed that afternoon, leaving behind 1S3 sick nicmbcrs. Arriving on the morning of the 27th, the reginicnl, wilh olhcr Massachusetts troops from North Car- olina, was ordered to report to Ceneral Dix at White House, and did so the following morning, only to be directed to return to the THE FIFTY-FUtST llEGniENT. m\ Fortress and thence to Massachusetts for muster out, Ceneral Di.\ having" abandoned, if lie had i-eally entertained, tlio ]il:in of attack- ing Ivichniond at that time. The return to the Fortress was made that eveninu', liut while wait- ing for transportation home, on learning from (General Naglee of the advance into Maryland by the Confederates under General Lee, Colonel Sprague tendered to the secretary of war the services of his command during the emergency. The offer being accei)te(l, the regiment was directed to report to General Schenck at Baltimore, commanding the Middle Department, and reached that city on the 1st of July. It was quartered in the Belger barracks on the out- skirts of the city, and details were at once put to work on the fortifi- cations which were being erected in anticipation of a Confederate mo\-enumt against the city. Other duties came to the command, as on the 4th, when it was iletailed to search the houses of the citizens for arms, collecting a large quantity which were ))laced 'under guard; and on the '")th, when six companies under rjieiilen- ant Colonel Studley escorted from the railroad station to Fort ^Ic- iJenry 2,800 ])risoners of war captured at Gettysburg. Early next morning, with three days' rations and 60 rounds of ammunition, the regiment reported to General H. S. Briggs at the Baltimore and Ohio depot, where it was attached to a j)i'ovisional brigade under his command, the other regiments being the Eighth, Thirty-ninth and Forty-sixth Massachusetts, and going by rail to Sandy Hook, reached there the next afternoon. That night the three nine-mon'hs' regiments of the brigade, with a Pennsylvania battery, all under command of Colonel Sprague, eliml)ed ^Mai'vland Ilights through a driving rain-stoi'm ami intense darkness, leach- ing Fort Duncan about daylight next morning. There the Fifty- first remained till the 12th, when orders were received to j(tin the Army of the Potomac, and that evening at 9 o'clock the brigade began its march. The Federal lines near Funkstown were reached at 3 o'clock the next afternoon, when the brigade was attached to the Second Divis- ion, First Corps, and took position.in the second line of battle con- fronting the Confederate army before Williamsport. So severe had been the ravages of disease resulting from the malarial poisoning of the North Carolina SAvamps and the exposure of the men that at til is time the regiment was reduced to 275 for duty out of 800 on 602 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. the rolls. During the following night the Confederates disappeared, having recrossed the river into Virginia, and the Union army ad- vanced to "Williamsport, where the regiment bivouacked the night of the 14th. On the IStli it marched back through Funkstown and across the Antietam, over the mountains to near Berlin, where a ponton bridge was thrown across the Potomac. While resting there on the 17th orders were received for the regiment to proceed at once to Massachusetts to be mustered out. Baltimore was reached the following morning, and by easy stages the command made its way to Worcester, which was reached on the 21st; the men were furloughed for six days while their final papers were being made out, and on the 27th were mxustered out by Captain Lawrence of the Fourth United States Infantry, after a service of nearlv ten months. THE FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT. THE Fifty-second Regiment was recruited in Franklin and I fann)shire counties, in response to the call for troops for nine lUDuths' service, the companies and detachments gath- ering at Camp ^liller, Greenfield, and the command filled promptly. Companies A and C were mustered on the 2d of October, lSf!2, and the remaining eight on the 11th, though the field and staff .were not mustered till the 19th of November, at which time the* regiment was ordered to New York to take passage for Louisiana as a })ortion of the Banks expedition. The roster of officers with whieli the regiment went forth follows: — Colonel, Ilulbert S. Greenleaf of Slielburne; lieutenant colonel, Samuel J. Storrs of Amherst; major, Henry Winn of lioston ; sur- geon, Frederick A. Sawyer of Greenfield; assistaut surgeon, John H. Kiehardsou of Chesterfield; chaplain. John F. iloors of Greenfield; adjutant, Jellord M. Decker of Lawrence; quai'termaster, Edwin C. Clark; sergeant major, Henry M. Whitney; quartermaster sergeant, Edward A. Whitney all of Northampton; commissary sergeant. Henry L. Uoylston of Greenfield; hot^pital steward, George D. Clark of Northampton. Company A — Captain. Alanson !>. Long of Greenfield: first lieu- tenant. Eben S. Hurlburt of lieriuirdston; seeond lieutenant. Frank- lin C. Severance of Greenfield. Company B — Captain, Alvah P. Nelson of Colei'aine; first lieuten- ant, Leonard B. liiee of Charlemont; second lieutenant, John' W. liuddington of Leyden. Company C, Northampton — Captain, Mark H. Spaulding; first lieutenant, John R. Hillman; second lieutenant, Luther A. Clark. Company D — Captain, Horace Hosford of Conway; first lieutenant, Samuel F. Edwards of Southampton; second lieutenant, Oliver P. Edgerton of Conway. Comi)any E — Captain, Josiah A. Richmond of Bueklaiul ; first lieutenant, Ansel K. Bradford of Plainfield; second lieutenant. Sam- uel H. Blackwell of Shelburne. Comjiany F — Captain, Lncian IT. Stone of Montague; first lieu- GG4 JifASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. tenant. Alplionzo A. Ballon of Orange: second lieutenant, Marshall S! btearns of Xorthtield. Company G — Captain, George L. Bliss of Northampton : first lieu- tenant, Justin P. Kellogg ; second lieutenant, Asa A. Spear, both of Amlierst. Company II — Captain, William Perkins of Hadley : first lieutenant, S. Alonzo" Williams of South Iladley ; second lieutenant, Malcolm Bridgnian of (Jranby. Comi)anv I — Captain, Charles E. Tilestou of Williamsburg; first lieutenant.' Lucius 0. Taylor of Chesterfield : second lientenant. James \V. Clark of Xorthampton. Company K — Captain. Edwin C. Bissell of Westhampton ; first lieutenant, Lewis Clapp of Easthampton ; second lieutenant, Henry P. Billings of Hatfield. On the dav that its field officers were mustered the regiment was ordered to New York, and so complete were its preparations that it left Camp Miller the 20th, and on reaching New York crossed to Long Island, where with the other regiments gathering for the "Banks Expedition" it went into camp lor a short time. On the "2d of December it embarked on the si earner Illinois and sailed for Louisiana, touching at Ship Island and at New Orleans and reach- ing Baton Rouge on the 17th. There the regiment encamped in the easterly portion of the town, within a mile of the river, being brigaded with the Forty-first Massachusetts, Twenty-fourth Con- necticut and Ninety-first New York Regiments. The latter some- what later gave place to the Twelfth Maine, Colonel William R. Kimball of that regiment commanding the brigade, w'hich was known as the Second Brigade, Fourth (Grovers) Division. The Fifty-second remained at Baton Rouge, perfecting them- selves in the art of war, till the reconnaissance to the rear of Fort Hudson in aid of Admiral Farragut's attempt to run the batteries with a portion of his fleet, when they advanced on the 13th of March some seven miles and bivouacked for the night. The next day, supported by a small cavalry force, the regiment penetrated to within a few hundred yards of the hostile intrenchments, reaching a point more than a mile in advance of the other regiments, and winning praise for its deportment. Returning to its camp at Baton Rouge on the 20th, the command remained there till the 27th, when it took steamer to Donaldsonville, and on the 31st began the marcii with the rest of Grover's Division up the Bayou Lafourche to Thi- bodeaux. That place was reached xVpril 2, and on the 4th the regi- THE FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 665 ment was transported by rail to Bayou Bcfiiif, whence on the 9th it nmrchcd to IJi'ashcar City. Two days hiter it took steamer and on llie loth huided at Indian Bend on Grand Lake, 35 miles liom Hrashcar, — the intention being that Grover's Division should ohtain a |)osition to cut ol'f the retreat of the Coni'ederate force at Bislaiid, amainst which other portions of Banks's army were movinu'. Ad\ ancino- a few miles, the division drove before it such of the .enemy as were encountered, and the following day the battle of Indian Ridge (also called Centreville, Bayou Teche, etc.,) was fought, Kimball's Brigade not participating. The pursuit of the retreating foe was taken up on the loth, and two days' marching took the regiment to New Iberia, where Companies A, E, F and G were detached and remained as provost guard while the rest of the regiment went on to Opelousas, reaching there on the 20th and six days later marching to Barre's Landing on Vermillion Bayou, nine miles distant. With a section of Xims's Battery, tiie six companies of the Fifty-second i-cmained at this point, gathering antl guard- ing fi'rage and supplies of all kinds, caring for the negroes, loading and unloading vessels, Colonel Thomas F. Chickering of the Third Massachusetts Cavalry taking command of the post May 12. On the 19th the companies left at New Iberia rejoined the regiment, coming by boat from Brashear City, and two days later the Fifty- second set out on the return march to Brashear, escorting over the route a large number of negroes and a long supply train. For some days an average march of 18 miles was made, but on the 25th the distance Avas more than doubled, as an attack at the rear of the colunni called the regiment back five miles, though its services were not needed to drive off the annoying force. The column moved on all night, making the day's march 40 miles, and on the 2Gtli reached Brashear City. The regiment went by rail to Algiers on the 28th, the day following took steamer to Sjiringdeld Lanaton l\i)iig-e next day, the Fifty-third haltinu' some five miles short of the city and remaining in camp there till the 20th — in the mean time taking part in an eventless excursion toward Clinton. The division returned to Baton Rouge on the 20th, and the regi- ment reoccupied its camp below the city, remaining there till the 1st of April, when it embarked for Algiers, opposite New Orleans. Reaching there the 2d, it encami)ed for a week, when cars were taken for l^rashear City, from Avhich an expedition was about to set forth across the Teche country, — the object being to rid that region of any formidable bands of Confederates previous to the movement in force against Port Hudson. On the 11th the regiment marched eight miles to Pattersonville, and the next day moved for- ward some four miles, ])usliing the enemy's skirmishers back the last half of the distance till his main works were approached. An artillery engagement took place during the rest of that day, and was resumed the following morning, with the regiment in support of a battery, but in the afternoon it advanced toward the hostile fortifications, halting for the night in a position within 400 feet of the enemy's lines. During the day the loss of the Fifty-third was three killed, including Lieutenant Nutting, and 11 wounded. At daylight of the 14tli the regiment moved forward, to find that the enemy had retreated during the night, and its colors were the first to wave over Fort Bisland. At noon of that day the pursuit of the Confederates was begun, the Fifty-third marching u\) the left bank of the Teche to Franklin, foraging bv the way, and next day rejoining the division, which had marched on the other bank of the river. The pursuit, with some skirmishing with the enemy's rear guard, was continued to Opeh)u- sas, which was reached on the 20th, after a very fatiguing march. There a halt was made till the 5th of May, when the column set out for Alexandria on the Red river, making the hundred miles in four days. After resting there ten days the retrograde movement toward Port Hudson l)egan, the march to Simmsport on the Atcliafalaya beginning on the 15th and ending on the 18th. There the Third and G-f() MASSACHUSETTS IiV THE WAR. Fourth Divisions g-athered for the movement against the Confederate stronghold from above, while the other two divisions of the corps co-operated from below, the main body leaving Simmsport on the 21st. The Fifty-third remained on guard at Simmsport till even- ing of the 22d, when they took a transport for Bayou Sara, and on reaching there at once marched to join the division, which, 12 miles distant, was already drawing near to Port Hudson. Rejoining its brigade during the 23d, the regiment was that night placed on picket, and the following day was selected as guard to the engineer corps, leading the column in the advance. Some skir- mishing took place during the day, while the engineers were select- ing the route through the forest, and the night which followed was passed by the regiment in the woods remote from support. The command returned to the brigade in the morning, but soon after noon was advanced to support the skirmishers, relieving a portion of the line at dusk and soon after finding itself fired upon by troops from the rear as well as the enemy in front. It was relieved in the morning after having repulsed an advance of the Confeder- ates, and was not further engaged till the assault on the 27th. At the opening of the battle on that day it was formed in support of the Thirty-eighth Massachusetts, and was presently detached for the support of two batteries, but sometime before noon was ordered to relieve the Ninety-first New York on the skirmish line at the brow of a hill within 200 feet of the Confederate intrenchments. This position was held for more than 2-1 hours, under the hre of the enemy's sharpshooters, by which the regiment lost a number wounded, including Captain George H. Bailey of Company A, just commissioned, who died during the 27th. (This company was es- ])ccially unfortunate in the loss of its oihcers ; Captain Miles had resigned before the regiment left New York ; Ca})tain Bailey was succeeded by Jerome K. Taft, whohad already been promoted from sergeant to first lieutenant vice Nutting killed. Captain Taft in turn dying of wounds on the 2d of July.) Being relieved the regiment rejoined the brigade at the right, and till and during the 1st of June was occujMed in picket and fatigue duty. That evening it relieved the Fourth Wisconsin at the front, remaining till the 4th, during which time it had two men killed and three wounded. Early in the morning of the 5th it set out as part of an expedi- tion to drive away a threatening band of hostile cavalry in the vicin- THE FIFTY-TllIIlI) liEGIMEXT. 671 ity of Clinton, some 25 or 30 miles to the northeast — a four-days' jaunt during- which the command suffered much from the heat, but acconij)lished its purpose without a fight. After the return a sea- son of quiet ensued till the evening of the 13th, when the regiment was selected to form part of the storming column for an assault on the works at dawn of the following morning. With the Tliirty- cighth Regiment, the Fifty-third supjwrted two other regiments deployed as skirmishers, and advanced under a heavy fire. The order to charge was bravely responded to, some of the men even leaching 1 lie Confederate lines and being captured; but the force was inadequate and the slaughter so terrible that the survivors were forced to seek shelter at the foot of a slight hill close by, where they remained througli the day, being unable till dark to re- tire or to assist their wounded. The eight companies of the regi- ment taking part — two being on detached duty during the entire cami)aign — had a total of some 300 present, of whom 18 were killed or fatally wounded, and 68 wounded. Among the killed was Lieutenant Glover of Company C. On the same day Lieutenant Vose died of wounds i)reviously received. After this heroic endeavor the Fifty-third rested till the 19th, when they again went to the front to support a battery, in which position they remained till the surrender of Port Hudson. They then performed picket duty a few miles to the rear for two days, marching toward Baton Rouge on the 11th of July and reached there next day. On the 15th the regiment took transport for Don- aldsonville, where it encamped near the junction of Bayou Fourche and the Mississippi till the 2d of August, when it returned to Baton Rouge. Ten days later it set out for home, embarking on the steamer Meteor for Cairo, 111., taking cars thence on the 19th and reaching Fitchburg on the 24th. After a formal reception the mem- l)crs were furloughed for a week, when they re-assembled at Camp Stevens, and on the 2d of September, the final papers having been completed, the command was mustered out by Captain Lawrence. Of the 950 ollicers and men com])Osing the regiment, 165 gave their lives for their country during the term of service, 33 being killed in battle or dying of wounds and 132 from disease, — a total loss of life nnich exceeding that of any other nine-months' regiment from the state. The Forty-ninth Regiment only of the short-term organizations lost a larger number killed in action. THE FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. THE Fifty-fourth Regiment was recruited under authority granted hy the Secretary of War in an order dated January 26, 1863, authorizing Governor Andrew to include in the troops which he was to raise " persons of African descent, organ- ized into special corps." This authority reached Massachusetts four days after its date, and on tlie 9th of February recruiting began at Boston for the proposed colored regiment, to be officered by white men. A S([uad of 27 forming the nucleus of the organization reached Camp Meigs at Readville on the 21st, and by the close of March four companies had been filled and mustered. Three more were mustered April 23, and the remainder May 13, when the regi- ment was more than filled, the surplus going to form the Fifty-fifth Regiment. The men came from all parts of Massachusetts and from many other states, actuated by patriotic motives alone, as no bounty was offered, though $50 per man was voluntarily paid by the state after the regiment was filled. The matter of securing proper offi- cers for this special corps was an important one, to which the gov- ernor gave careful attention, and his selections seem generally to have l)een made with excellent judgment. Captain Robert G. Shaw of the Second Massachusetts was promoted to the rank of majcn" and placed in charge of the regiment during its foi-mation, being couimissioned colonel April 17, with Captain N. P. Haliowell of the Twentieth Regiment as lieutenant colonel. The latter was placed in command of the Fifty-fifth, however, and did not after- ward serve with the Fifty-fourth. It was also found necessary to assign several other oflicers from the completed regiment to the Fifty-fifth, so that when the Fifty-fourth left the state it was with a somewhat incomplete roster. The list in actual service at that time was as follows: — Colonel, Robert 0. Siiaw of Boston ; major, Edward N. Ilallowell of Medford; surgeon, Lincoln R. Stone of Salem; assistant surgeon. THE FIFTY-FOUIiTlI llEGUIENT. 073 Chiirles E. Bridghaiu of Buckfield, iMc. ; adjutant, Garth W. James of Newport, W. \.\ quartcniiaster, John Kitchie of Boston ; sergeant major, Lewis II. Douglass; commissai'v sergeant, Artliur B. Lee of Boston; hospital steward, Theodore J. Becker of Fitehhurg; ])rin('ipal mnsiiMan, Tiiomas K. Platner. Compan}^ A — Captain, John W. M. Appleton of Boston; first lieu- tenant, William IL llomans of Maiden. Company B — Captain. Samuel Willard of Boston; first lientenant, James yi. Walton of Philadelphia, Pa.; second lientenant, Thomas L. Appleton of Brighton. Company C — First lieutenant. James W. Crace of Xew Bedford; second lientenant, Jienjamin F. Dexter of Boston. Comiiany D — Captain, Edward L. Jones of Boston ; first lienten- ant, Richard H. L. Jewett of Chicago. 111. Coini)any E — Captain, Luis F. Emilio of Salem; second lieutenant, David lieed of Boston. Company F — Captain, Watson AV, Bridge of Springfield ; second lieutenant, Alexander Johnston of Manchester, X. H. Company G— First lieutenant, Orin E. Smith of Webster; second lieutenant, James A. Pratt of AVest Roxbnry. Comitany 11 — Captain, Cabot J. Russel of New York City; second lieutenant, Willard Howard of Boston. Company I — Captain, George Pope of Brookline; first lieutenant, Francis L. Iligginson; secoud lieutenant, Charles E. Tncker, both of Boston. Comjiany K — Captain, AVilliam II. Simpkins of West Roxbnry; second lieutenant, Ilenry AV. Littlefield of Milton. Probably at the time of leaving the state the roster of officers was nominally filled ; but while some necessarily remained to assist in the formation of the Fifty-fifth Regiment, others were on stalT or detached duty from which they did not return to their places in the Fifty-fourth, and yet others did not report for service. The regiment left camp on the 28th of May, 1863, under orders to re- port to General David Hunter, commanding the Department of the South, took cars to Boston, and after being reviewed on the Com- mon by Governor Andrew embarked from Battery AVharf on the trans])()rt De Molay. On reporting at Hilton Head with his regi- ment Jinic 3, Colonel Shaw was directed to proceed to Beaufort, where the transport arrived the same day, and on the 4th the regi- ment del)arkcd and went into camp on Thompson's Plantation, a short distance out of town. After a stop there of four days, dur- ing which details assisted on fortifications being built in the vicinity, Colonel Shaw was directed to report with his regiment to Colonel James Montgomery of the Second South Carolina Regiment, stationed 674 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE ]\'A I!. on St. Simon's Island off the Georgia coast some GO miles soutli of Savannah. The regiment went aboard the De Mohiy and reached its destination the following day, debarking at ^e\y Frederica and bivouacking for the night. Next afternoon eight companies of tlie Fifty-fourth with a part of the Second South Carolina, the whole commanded by Colonel Montgomery, embarked on the steamer Sentinel and proceeded up the Altamaha river, reaching Daricn the next day. The place was found deserted, the inhabitants having received news of the coming expedition and retired to the interior, taking their slaves with them. The town was burned, by order of Colonel Montgomery and much against the wish of the Fifty-fourth oflicers and men, and with no other ])rize than a schooner load of cotton the party returned to Frederica. After encamping there for two weeks the Fifty-fourth again followed Colonel Montgomery, this time to Hilton Head by the Transport Ben Deford, where it re- ported on the 25th and proceeded at once to St. Helena Island, and going into camp a mile from the landing remained for two weeks busy with drill and camp duties. The brigade under Colonel Montgomery — the two regiments — again emliarked on the 8th of July and proceeded to Stono Inlet, where it was made part of the force under General A. H. Terry destined for an expedition to James Island. A landing was made on the 11th and a position occu}jied some two miles from the Con- federate works at Secessionvillc. The Fifty-fourth were first called to action on the morning of the 16th, when a force of the enemy made a strong attack under command of General Hagood, the brunt of which fell upon Colonel Shaw's command. The attack was gal- lantly met by the Fifty-fourth, their determined resistance giving time for the formation of the division and the withdrawal of the pickets of the Tenth Connecticut, which were in danger of capture. Two com- panies of the regiment were cut off during the fight, but refused to surrender and fought their way back to the main body, though with serious loss. The attack was rej)ulsed after two hours of fighting, when the Fifty-fourth reoccupied the battle-field, having lost in the engagement 14 killed, 18 wounded and 13 missing. That night the island was evacuated, the column marching through a heavy rain storm over a dangerous and very difficult route to Cole's Island. There the regiment lay during the following day in the glare of a July sun, and at night, with the rain again pouring THE FIFTV-FOruril niXilMESr. (iT'> ill torrents, went aboard a transport, the emljarkatlon \)\ means of a single dilapidated long boat taking all night. Colonel Shaw was now directed to rcjjort with his regiment to General Ceorge C. Strong on Morris Island, and at 9 o'clock on the morning of the 18th the transport made its way to Pawnee Landing on Folly Island, Avhere the regiment debarked and at once began the march of some miles to Li^iit House Inlet. It reached there at 2 o'clock and after a rest crossed the inlet to Morris Island, reporting to General Strong about G o'clock that evening, without rations and worn out with loss of sleep for two nights and the hardships endured. The Fifty- foui-th iiunibercd some 600 men. and was assigned to lead the ad- vance of General Strong's Brigade in the contemplated assault on Fort Wagner, — the other regiments of the brigade being the Ninth Maine. Third New Hampshire, Sixth Connecticut, Forty-eight New York and "Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania. The regiment marched to the front of the column and formed by wings. Colonel Shaw in im- mediate command of the right wing and Lieutenant Colonel F. N. Hallowell of the left wing. The men loaded but did not cap their ])ieces, lixed bayonets, and with no incumbrance l)ut their e(piipments dashed forward at the word of C(.)mmand in the most heroic manner. The advance at (piick time was steady and the artillery fire to which the regiment was subjected was not effective till A'inccnt's Creek, some 200 yards in front of the fort, was reached. There the creek and the sea approach each other within 100 feet, and on that narrow causeway the concentrated fire of the enemy's batteries and infantry was poured. Great numbers fell, but the undaunted men dashed forward at a double-quick, following their gallant young colonel, stumbling into the huge holes blown by exploding shells from the t^nion gun-boats, mutilated by the torpedoes which ex- ploded beneath them, till the outer works were reached. A terrible flank as well as direct fire of artillery and musketry was encoun- tered at that moment, but what was left of the line closed to the colors and climl)cd upon the curtain where both ilags were planted on the para{)et, and about them for a short time a hand to hand light took place. The Confederates who had mounted the i)arai)et were driven l)ack and the fire of some of the guns was prevented by the musketry of the survivors of the Fifty-fourth, Avho clung to the front of the Avorks,and when later the Sixth Connecticut and Fortv- cighth New York made a charge and effected a lodgment inside the 676 IIASSACnUSETTS IX THE ]VAR. fort at another point some of the Massachusetts men made their ■way inside, where Captains Appleton and Jones were wounded. When at length it became necessary to retire owing- to the utterly hopeless nature of the struggle, Captain Emilio, the junior captain of the regiment, rallied the fragments of the Fifty-fourth at a point some 700 yards from Fort Wagner, and Avith some fugitive white soldiers also rallied at the same point added to his meager force held an important part of the front line in readiness to repel the expected sortie from the fort. The latter was not made, however, and in the morning the soldiers of the Fifty-fourth were relieved by General Stevenson with the Tenth Connecticut. The loss of the regiment had been severe, especially in officers, Captain Emilio being the only one above the rank of lieutenant left for duty. Colonel Shaw had been killed on the parapet, and Cap- tains Russel and Simpkins were also among the slain. The lieu- tenant colonel, adjutant and nine other commissioned officers were wounded. Of the enlisted men, 20 were known to be killed, 102 were missing and 125 wounded, making a total loss of 261. Of the missing many were never traced afterward and were undoubtedly among the slain. During the 19th Captain Emilio was directed to report his command as a part of General Stevenson's Third Brigade, the other regiments of which were the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts, Tenth Connecticut, Ninety -seventh Pennsylvania and Second South Carolina. The regiment encamped near the landing on Morris Island and was at once engaged in fatigue duty, constructing the intrenchments and ])arallels by which the operations against Fort Wagner were carried on. Captain Emilio retained the command till the 22d, when Captain D. A. Partridge of Medway, who had been left sick in Massachusetts, joined the regiment and took com- mand, ranking Emilio; but two days later Colonel M. S. Littlelield of the Fourth South Carolina was temporarily ])laced in command of the Fifty-fourth by order of General Oilmore, On the 24th of August another change in the brigade was made, the colored regi- ments, the Second South Carolina and 'i'hird Ignited States, in ad- dition to the Fifty-fourth, being gathered in a I)rigade known as the Fourth, under command of Colonel Montgomery. The numlter of the brigade was soon after changed to the Third, but without change in its composition. In consequence of the death of Colonel Shaw, 10. X. Ilallowcll, THE FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. CTT \vlio had already ln'on advanced from major to lieutenant colonel, was commissioned colonel, ITcnry N. Hooper of Roxbiiry l)ecanie lieutenant colonel, and Captain Appleton was promoted to the majority. These commissions dated from Jul\' 18, but the officers named were not mustered to the positions till a long time afterward. Rev. Samuel Harrison of Pittsfield Avas commissioned chaplain from the 8th of September. Under Colonel Littlefield the regiment was constantly employed in fatigue duty, principally upon the fortifica- tions ; and when on the 7tli of Se|)teml)er the approaches had been carried close to the fort and it was deserted by the Confederates, the men of the Fifty-fourth, being at work on detail in the vicinity, were among the first to enter the walls. Colonel ITallowell j-esumed the command of the regiment October 17, having recovered from the wounds irceived at Fort Wagner, and somewhat later a hundred recruits were received from the Xorth, which with the return of convalescents restored the command to respectable numbers. The task of fortifying continued till the close of the year, when, the works being considered sufficiently formidable, the regiment was for a few weeks allowed to perfect itself in drill and the regular duties of the camp. Late in January, 1864, an expedition to Florida under command of General Seymour Avas organized, of which the Fifty-fourth formed a part. The regiment left camp the 29th and reported at the ren- dezvous at Hilton Head the following day, encamping outside the fortifications till the oth of February, when the entire force sailed for Jacksonville and landed there on the 7th ; the Fifty-fourth being the first regiment ashore and I'eceiving the fire of the Confederate pickets. The regimental head-rpiarters with four companies re- mained in the town till the 18th, when they pushed forward to Baldwin's, 40 miles westward, where -on the evening of the 10th the six companies under Major Appleton Avere overtaken. A march of 16 miles next day brought the regiment to the battle-field of Olustee, Avhere it was actively engaged. It formed the rear guard, covering the AvithdraAval of General Seymour's main body, and by an opportune advance against the enemy doing much to save the Union troops from utter rout. Its loss out of a little over aOO taken into action was 13 killed, ^}^\ Avounded and eight missing. Late in the evening of the 22d Jacksonville Avas again entered, the regiment Iiavinu' for the last 11 miles of the distance draAvn in a disabled loco- 678 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE IIMZ?. motive and train of cars loaded with wounded. The official report ot the affair records that the Fifty-fourth had within 102 hours marched 120 miles and entiaged for four hours in a hard-fought bat- tle, yet returned to camp without a straggler. Then followed some months of comparative inactivity, during which the regiment remained at Jacksonville till the 17th of April, when it went aboard transports and landed on Morris Island next day. Four companies were detailed to garrison various points in the vicinity, while the others went into camp. The location was under fire from the Confederate batteries, by which two men were killed. A movement to James Island began on the 1st of July, the Fifty- fourth, Lieutenant Colonel Hooper, forming part of a provisional brigade commanded by Colonel William Heine of the One Hun- dred and Third New York, General Schimmelfennig command- ing the column. The troops, gathering on Folly Island, moved dur- ing the night across Cole Island and next morning landed on James Island, where the Fifty-fourth deployed as skirmishers on the field of their first battle of a year before. This line was held during the day under a harmless artillery fire, though owing to the intense heat more than 50 men in the regiment suffered sun-strokes, some of them fatal. The force was Avithdrawn from the island on the 10th and the Fifty-fourth I'cturncd to their camp on Morris Island, where the remainder of the summer and autumn were j)asscd. Six companies were specially detailed on the 7th of September to guard GOO Confederate officers who were placed near Fort Wagner under fire of the rebel batteries, in retaliation for the exi)osure of Union officers in the city of Charleston to the fire of the loyal artil- lery. This duty continued till the 21st of October, when the prison- ers Avere removed and the detail returned to the regiment. For 16 months after entering the service the men of the regiment had received no pay. Seven times they had been mustered and li'lO a month offered them ; but as often every one had refused to take less than the -ii^lS a month paid to white soldiers, to Avliich they were entitled according to the terms of their enlistment. Finally on the 28th of September the victory was won and the men were paid the amount to which they -were entitled; the gro.ss sum being $160,000, of which it is i-ecorded that two-thirds the entire amount was sent home to families and relatives. At the same time the colored man had not been recognized to the extent of admitting THE FIFTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 67!» the disabled to the Veteran Reserve Corps or of promoting: their gallant and capable enlisted men to serve as ofiicers, even in regi- ments of their own color. Eiuht companies of the Fifty-fourth under Lieutenant Colonel Hooper were transported on the 27th of November to Hilton Head, ■where they became part of Colonel Hartwell's Second Brigade, the other regiments being the Fifty-fifth ]\Iassachusetts and the Twenty- sixth and One Hundred and Second United States Colored Troops — the whole forming part of the Coast Division under General Hatch. This division Avas transferred on the 29th to Boyd's Neck on Broad river, where it debarked, and the following day, after marching a few miles inland, encountered the enemy at Honey Hill. Six com- panies of the Fifty-fourth took part in the fight which succeeded, lasting from noon till after dark, and these were separated, four being on the right and two at the left ; but the detachments fought tvell, having three killed, including First Lieutenant David Reed, 38 "Wounded and four missing. Colonel Hartwell was w'ounded in the battle and Colonel Silliman succeeded to the command of the bri- gade. That night a retreat was made to the landing, but on the 1st of December the lines were advanced two miles and intrenched. The division remained there but a few days, however, and on the night of the 6tli the regiment followed other troops of the command up the. Tilifcnny river, landing at Deveau Neck, where in an engage- ment on the 'Jtli Colonel Silliman, the brigade commander, was mortally wounded. Colonel Hallowell, who had just rejoined his regiment after commanding the post on Morris Island, took com- mand of the brigade, an intrenched position near the Charleston and Savannah Railroad being occu])ied. The regiment crossed the Tilifcnny to Graham's Neck on the I'Jth, and January 15, 1865, at Pocotaligo, five miles distant, met the Seventeenth Corps of General Sherman's army, which in the early part of February began its march toward Charleston. After meeting Blair's corps, the Fifty-fourth returned to its camp at Tili- fcnny, and after Sherman's army had moved northward Hatch's Coast Division, of which the Fifty-fourth formed part, held Poco- taligo as Sherman's base of supplies, making demonstrations, mean- time, to cross the Sallahatchic and Cambahee rivers, held l)y small forces of the enemy. The latter river was crossed on the 16th and the column nuncd along the line of the railroad toward Charleston, 080 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE ]rAR. rain fallino: almost incessantly, the roads beinir necessarily very bad, and almost daily skirmishes occurring. Tlie Ashley river was reached opposite Charleston February 23, the city having been evacuated by the Confederates five days before ; the river was crossed and the city entered on the 27th, where the regiment found its two companies, B and F, which had been left on Morris Island. These companies had entered the city directly after its evacuation, being among the first Union soldiers to do so. During this time Second Lieutenant Frederick H. Webster of Boston had died of disease, January 25, and about the same time Sergeant Stephen A. Swails, of Elmira, N. Y.,who had long before been commissioned by Governor Andrew, was, by authority of an order from the War Department, mustered in that rank, — being one of the first colored men to become a commissioned officer in the United States service. Before the regiment's term closed, however, four others wei-e commissioned, two of whom were mustered as officers in the Fifty-fourth. On the 12th of March the regiment set out by transj^ort for Savannah, where brigaded with the Thirty-third and One Hundred and Second Colored Troops it remained till the 27th. It then took passage for Georgetown, S. C, where it arrived on the 31st, having been driven into Charleston Harbor by a storm. A provisional division was organized at Georgetown under command of General Edward E. Potter for a raid into central South Carolina, of which the Second Brigade, commanded by Colonel Hallowell, consisted of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, Thirty-second and One Hundred and Second Colored Troops. Lieutenant Colonel Hooper commanded the Fifty-fourth. The exi)edition set forth on the 51 h of Aj)ril and was absent for 20 days, incessantly marching, skii-mishing or en- gaged in fatigue duty. On the 7th a detachment from the regi- ment engaged in the destruction of a bridge over Black river liad a skirmish Avith the enemy and lost four wounded; the night of the 8tli w^as occupied by the building of a bridge at Pocotaligo Swamp. The Confederate skirmishers were frequently encountered, Lieutenant Swails and two men being wounded on the 12th. Camden was reached on the 17th, and the following day at I)oy- kin's Mills the enemy was encountered in some force l)ut was driven l)ack, the Fifty -fourth losing two killed and 20 wounded, among tlie former First Lieiitentant Edward L. Stevens of Brighton. Next dav one man was killed and four wounded, — this beins; the last en- rilE FIFTV-FOrm'if liEOnfEXT. (ksi uagcment in which the regiment had ])art. On tlie 21st nows was received of the ti'ucc between Generals Sherman and Johnston, and on the 25th Georgetown was re-entered. During the raid, track and cotton had been destroyed and many slaves liberated, the division subsisting upon the country. The I'cgiment returned to Charleston on the Gth of May, where head-quarters and a portion of the command remained, but a large ))art of it was distributed at various points in the state engaged in guard and garrison duty. This arrangement continued till the 17th of August, when the command was assembled at Mount Pleasant for the making of the final rolls preparatory to the muster-out. That event occurred on the 20th and the following day the regiment embarked, the right wing on the C. F. Thomas and the left on the Ashland, United States transports, which reached Gallop's Island in Boston Harbor on the 27th and 28th respectively. The men were paid on the 1st of September, and the next day, after proudly march- ing about the city, the command disbanded on Boston Common. THE FIFTY-FIFTH REGIA1ENT. THE Fifty-fifth Regiment, like the Fifty-foui-th, was composed of colored enlisted men, with white ofificcrs, and was re- cruited in the spring- of 1863 for three years' service. Its rendezvous was at Fort Meigs, Readville, and its organization was Taegun as the ranks of the Fifty-fourth were filled, several of the officers commissioned for the latter regiment being detailed to in- struct and discipline the recruits for the Fifty-fifth, of which they eventually became officers. On the 31st of May, 1863, three days after the departure of the Fifty-fourth Regiment, the first ilve com- panies of the Fifty-fifth were filled and mustered ; of the remain- ing five, F and G were mustered June 15 and the other three on the 22d. The officers were commissioned from the 15th of May till near the close of June, the complete list being as follows : — Colonel, Xorman P. Ilallowell of Cambridge ; lieutenant colonel, Alfred 8. Hartwell of Natick; major, Ciiarles li. Fox of Dorelicster; surgeon, Willliam S, Brown of lioston: assistant surgeons, Jiurt G. Wilder of Newton and Warren M. Babbitt of Braiutrey (from August 11); chaplain, WilHani Jackson of New Bedford; adjutant William P. Hallowell of Boston; quartermaster, George B. Mussey of Edgar- town ; sergeant major, James M. Trotter ; quartermaster sergeant, Martin F. Becker of Fitchburg : commissary sergeant. Richard W. White; hospital steward, Eichard Hecker; ])rincipal luusieian. Eli Lett. Company A — Cajitain, Charles P. Bowditch of Boston; first lieu- tenant, .James D. Thurbcr of Plymouth; second lieutenant, Josoi)h T. Nichols of Poyalston. Company B — Captain, (Jharles PL Grant of Boston; first lieutenant, John O. Mowry of Atliol; second lieutenant. William D. Messenger of Peterboro, N. Y. Company C — Captain, Wheclock Pratt of Sterling; first lieutenant, Robertson James of Newport, Iv. I.; second lieutenant, I^eonard B. J'erry of Natick. Company D — Captain, William Nutt of Natick ; first lieutenant, d friends ; while colored women of Ohio contributed a natioaal Hng and a line heavy regulation infantry color, the latter of wliich the regiment was not entitled to carry. It was therefore left in Boston, and on the 18th of July Governor Andrew presented the command with the other and the state flag of Massachusetts. Two days later the regiment left camp, going by railroad to Boston, where it embarked on the steamer Cahawba, under instructions to report to (leneral Wild at Xewbern, N". C. It dcbarl^ed at Morehead City on tlie morning of the 2r)th and going thence by cars reached Newbern that evening Ijivouacking on the river bank below Fort Spinola. Brigade and other drills were at once ordered, and on the night of the 29tli orders were received for Wild's Brigade to set out at once for Charleston Harbor in light marching order. Six companies of the Fifty-fifth eml^aiked on the steamer Maple Leaf from Fort Spinola, while the other four went to Xewbern and took })assage on schooners. The steamer deposited its quota at Pawnee Landing on Folly Island August 3, ihe men 68-1 .UASSACIirsETTS IN THE WAR. encauij)in,;. On the 18th the reuiment with the 700 3IASSACHr SETTS lY THE WAR. Fifty-nintli, supported ])y the regulars of the l)i'i<>ade, made a recon- naissance, advancing their line close to the enemy's -works and hold- ing the position under a heavy fire till ordered back; the loss of the Fifty-seventh being three killed and 14 wounded. The line of action at Spottsylvania being abandoned, the regiment with its division moved to the left and on the 24th reached the North Anna. General Burnside was ordered to cross the river at Ox Ford, but finding he could not do so, crossed Crittenden's Divis- ion at Quarles Mills, a mile and a half above, and attempted to clear the crossing at the Ford. In this movement the Fifty-seventh again suffered severely. Its brigade was advanced without proper support till it was struck in both flanks by a sharp attack, while at the same time exposed to a destructive artillery fire. It was consequently forced back in disorder, the regiment losing 10 killed 13 wounded and 14 missing, all of whom were left on the field. The severest loss came from the killing of the commander of the regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Chandler, a brave and efficient officer. Cap- tain J. M. Tucker, the senior officer present, took command of what was left of the Fifty-seventh. The river was recrossed on the 26th, and then followed the move- ments which Ijrought the command to Bethesda Church at the time of the disastrous battle of Cold Harbor. It was not closely engaged during this period, though skirmishes and demonstrations were fre- quent, the loss of the regiment on the 3d of June being seven w^ounded and two missing. The James river was crossed near Charles City Court House on the night of the 15th, and marching almost continuously the division halted the next evening in sight of the city of Petersljurg. Next day the First Division occupied a line of Confederate works which had been captured by the Second Divis- ion, and watched the preparations for attacking a second and stronger line beyond. This attack was made in the afternoon by the Third Division and was repulsed; but about sunset the First Division was ordered forward to renew the attempt. The struggle was severe, the assailants depending upon the bayonet alone ; but they finally gained the works — only to be forced from them by a counter charge made by fresh Confederate troops. The loss of the Fifty-seventh in this struggle was 11 killed, 30 wounded and three missing. Among the killed was Second Lieutenant Edward I. Coe, while Cai> tain Tucker commanding the rcijiment was wounded. THE FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 701 From this time till the action of "-The Crater," the rea-imcnt under command of Captain Albert Prescott did duty in the tren- ches before Petersburg, near the right of the Union line, and as there was ahnost incessant sharp-shooting between the hostile fcrees the loss was severe, amounting during the six weeks to six killed and 23 wounded. Of the six oilicers struck during this time, First Lieu- tenant E. Dexter Cheney was killed on the 19th of July and First Lieutentant Samuel ^I. Bowman died of wounds on the 25tli. The division was now commanded by General Ledlie and the brigade by General Bartlett, promoted from colonel of the Fifty-seventh. In the regiment, Captain Tucker, who had not yet returned to duty, had been promoted to major and lieutenant colonel — Major Gushing having resigned May 2G, — and Captain Prescott, still in command of the regiment, was promoted to major, — all of these counnis- sious dating from the 15th of June. Being relieved ivom duty in the trenches by colored troops on the night of the 21Hh of July, the Fifty-seventh were among the iirst trooi)S to enter the Crater the following morning after the explosion of the mine which had been run from the Federal side under a sali- ent of the Confederate works. The regiment numbered at the open- ing of the light seven oilicers and 91 enlisted men. It passed through the opening made by the explosion and took position in one of the covered ways or parallels beyond, where it fought as well as it could till the excavation became so filled with fugitives that fur- ther resistance was impossible. A portion of the command suc- ceeded in making its way back to the Union lines; but the colors could not be extricated, and with most of the left wing of the reg- iment fell into the enemy's hands. General Bartlett, the brigade comnumder, was also made prisoner. On assembling the reniuaut of the Fifty-seventh, it was found that of the seven officers taken into action but one had escaped, — First Lieutenant Albert Doty. Three — ^lajor Prescott and Captains Howe and Dresser — had been killed, two were wounded and one missing. Of the enlisted men, one had been killed, 16 wounded and 28 were missing, leaving Lieutenant Doty and 46 men to represent the honorable name of the Fifty-seventh. This handful returned next day to duty in the trenches, where it remained till the 18th of August, having in that time one killed and four wounded by sharp-shooters. It had, how- ever, received a few returned convalescents, meanwhile, so that 702 MASSACHUSETTS IK THE WAli. when the movement began against the Weklon Raih-oad on the 19th the regiment consisted of one officer and 45 men. The divis- ion, then commanded bv General White, was sharply engaged for about an hour in the battle which ensued, rendering important ser- vice in'turning the temporary success of the Confederates. The few members of the Fifty-seventh fought heroically, losing a third of their number — one being killed, eight wounded and seven missing. The ground seized by the operations being held and the Union lines permanently extended to cover the railroad, the division was moved a short distance to the right, where it erected fortifications and remained engaged in picket duty till the closing days of Sep- tember. With the rest went Lieutenant Doty and his little band of 29 men — all that remained of the new regiment of full numbers which had left the camp of organization four months before. Fort- unately this was the lowest ebb in point of numbers of the regi- ment. Some of the convalescents and those upon detached duty returned to head-quarters, so that when the next movement was made some 60 were with the colors. Lieutenant Colonel Tucker, having recovered from his wounds, rejoined the regiment on the 3d of September and assumed command. Captain Napoleon B. McLaughlen of the United States Army was mustered as colonel of the Fifty-seventh on the 14th under Special Orders from the War Department, his rank dating back to December, 1862, giving him seniority by virtue of which he at once took command of the brigade. On the 29tli of September the regiment with its division took part in a movement still further to the left, which, though primarily intended to divert attention from a stronger movement to the north of the James river, resulted in an obstinate engagement on the 30th. The regiment shared in this fight, losing one killed and seven wounded, this action being known as the battle of Peebles Farm. This ground was also held, and on the 8th of October the regiment. Captain James Doherty commanding, took an im})ortant part in a reconnaissance to the Boydtown Plank road. It formed part of the skirmish line, and in advancing, driving the enemy's outposts, it became detached from the skirmishers of the division at the left, so that the flank of the line of the Fifty-seventh was exposed. The foe took advantage of this fact and obliged the line to change front and fall back a short distance, which it did under heavy fire, tak- THE FIFTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 703 ing and holding niilil night a position a fi'w hundred yards to the rear. The column was then ordeicd l)ack to eanii), the Fifty-se\'cnth having lost two men killed and 1- wounded. The regiment had surely had enough severe fighting for one sea- son, and it is jdcasant to record that from that time it was not seriously engaged for some months. It remained in camp near the Pegrani House till the oOth of November, with the excei)tion of tak- ing part in the exj)edition toward the Southside Railroad late in October, when it had one num wounded on the skirmish line. The Ninth Corps then relieved the Second in the trenches near the city of Petersburg, where it remained fill the fall of the city. On the 0th of December the regiment was tem|)orarily detached from its brigade and assigned to a provisional command destined for an ex- pedition southward for the purpose of destroying the Weldon Rail- road in that direction. This occupied from the 9th till the 13th, and was without casualty so far as the Fifty-seventh were concerned, though there was much suffering from the inclement weather. There was another expedition toward Weldon during the month of February, 18G5, in which the regiment was detached from its bri- gade once more, and was absent for some days, suffering as before from stormy weather and cold. With that excci)tion, howevei", the command remained in the works during the winter and early spring, being located near the point whence the first charge of the regiment had been made against the hostile lines when the cori)s arrived be- fore Petersburg the previous summer. In the fighting of the 25th of March, when the Confederates tem- l)orarily captured Fort Stedman, the Fifty -seventh had an honor- able part. It had just relieved the Fifty-ninth in the lines to the right of the fort, so that when the Union lines were broken the position of the regiment was flanked and it was obliged to fall back. Reaching a favorable position, it held its ground till assist- ance came when a heroic advance was made and the works and its camp were regained after a stubborn resistance, in which Sergeant Major Pinkhain of the Fifty-seventh captured the flag of the Fifty- seventh North Carolina Regiment. In this affair the loss of the regiment was but four killed, though a number were wounded, in- cluding Captain James Doherty, a brave and versatile officer, whose loss was severely felt. He had been commissioned major dating from July 21, 18G4, but had not been able to muster on account of 704 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the depleted numbers of the regiment, which he was o-allantly lead- ing when he received the wound from wliich he died the following day. Among the killed was First Lieutenant Albert M. Murdock of Worcester, formerly sergeant major. After the Fort Stedman affair there was much activity on that part of the lines, both sides being constantly on the alert; but there was no serious fighting, nor were the Fifty -seventh again engaged with the enemy except upon the skii-mish line, and on the 2d of April, when the day was passed in demonstrations and maneuvers but without actual fighting so far as the regiment Avas concerned, though some portions of the Ninth Corps were heavily engaged. The following morning found the city evacuated and the Fifty- seventh Regiment was among the troops that entered soon after; but it passed through and across the Appomattox to guard the roads to Richmond and Chesterfield. Recrossing the river on the 4th, it was engaged in guarding the Southside Railroad and the Cox road which ran near it, moving from point to point till it reached Wilson's Station, where its head-quarters were established. Directly after the assassination of President Lincoln the Ninth Corps was ordered to Washington, where it reported late in April, going on duty on the Maryland side near Tennallytow^n. From that time till early in August following the regiment was on duty at various points in that vicinity, being for a portion of the time provost guard. The Fifty- ninth Regiment was consolidated with the Fifty-seventh on the 20th of June, the name of the latter being retained. The combined organizations were mustered out of the United States service on the 30th of July, and at once set out for Massa- chusetts. Arriving at Rcadville, the command went into camp for a few days, but on the 9th of August the men were paid and dis- charged. During the service of the Fifty-seventh Regiment it lost 112 officers and m(>n killed in action, 137 died of wounds and dis- ease and 34 missing in action. As these casualties occurred in a membership of little more than 1,000, and nearly all of them within six months from the time the regiment left the state, it will be realized how severe was the ordeal to which it was subjected. It is not too much to say that the command nobly met all the de- mands made upon it. THE FIFTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. THE Fifty-eighth (Third Veteran) Regiment was the last three-vears' infantry organization from Massachusetts to be nnisleretl into the national service and to leave the state. It encamped at Readville, recruiting for it begiiming about the middle of September, 18G3, but it was not till the 14th of January follow- ing that Company A was ready for the mustering officer ; B followed "on the 8th of February and C on the 20th, D and E on the 1st of Marc]i,F on tiie 12th and G on the 26th. H, mustered on the 18th of Aj)ril, was the last comi)any completed when the call came for departure for active service and the eight companies were sent for- ward. Silas P. Richmond of Freetown was commissioned colonel of the regiment, but he resigued before being mustered and was never actively identified with its interests, Major Ewer, whose com- mission dated from October 27, 1863, being most of the time in command during the stay' at ReadvilLe. The roster of officers with which the Fifty-eighth left the state was as follows : — Lieutenant colonel,, Joliu C. AVhiton of Boston: major, Barnabas Ewer, Jr., of Fairliaven ; sargeon, Alfred A. Stocker of Cambridge : assistant surgeons, Frank ^\'hitman of Roxbury, X. TL, and Thomas Dawson of Boston; chaplain. William A. Start of Xorth Bridgewater; adjutant, F. (iill)ert Ogdcn of Boston; quartermaster,, Theodore A. Barton of New liedford. Company A — Captain, Charles M. Upbam of Chatham; first lieu- tenant, Frank H. Kempton of New Bedford ; second lieutenant, Franklin D. Hammond of Chatham. Company B — Captain, Robert Crossman, 2d; first lieutenant, Simeon O. l>landin, both of Taunton; second lieutenant, John W. Fiske of Dedham, Company C — Captain, Everett S. Ilorton; first lieutenant, Charles H. Johnson, both of Attleboro; second lieutenant, Nalium Ijconard of West liridgewater. Company D — Captain, Charles E. Churchill; first lieutenant, Linus 706 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAIL E. Hayward, both of West Bridgewater; second lieutenant, John P. Townsend of Bridgewater. Company E — Captain, William E. Mason; first lieutenant, Charles H. Tobey; second lieutenant, Alleti Aimy, all of New Bedford. Company F — Captain, Thomas McFarland; first lieutenant, Charles D. Copeland, both of Fall Eiver; second lieutenant, Jere C. Vaughn of North Bridgewater. Company G — Captain, Samuel B. Hinckley of Fall Eiver; first lieu- tenant, Charles H. Morton; second lieutenant, James Cox, both of Fairhaven. Company H — Captain, William H. Harley of Chatham; first lieu- tenant, Clement Granet of Boston; second lieutenant, Isaac H. Folger of Nantucket. Lieutenant Colonel Whiten had served for nine months with the same rank in the Forl^y-third Massachusetts Regiment, and nearly all of his command, otlicers and men, had' seen more or less service in the field. The eight companies were ordered to the front late in April, 1864, and left Readville on the 28th. reaching Alexandria, Va., on Saturday the 30th. Pausing there for a couple of days, to store such surplus baggage as could be dispensed with in the field operations on which it was about to enter, the regiment took cars on the afternoon of May 2 for Bristoe Station, reaching there the same evening, and being assigned to the First Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Corps. The other regiments of the brigade were the Thirty-sixth Massachusetts, Seventh Rhode Island, Fifty-first New York, Forty-fifth and Forty-eighth Pennsylvania. Colonel Zenas R. Bliss commanded the brigade, Brigadier General Robert B. Potter the division, and General A. E. Burnside the corps, which was to co-operate with, though not for a time formally attached to, the Army of the Potomac. The corps began its forward movement on the morning of the 4th, passing Warrenton and making some 20 miles, which exhausted the men very much, as they were unused to long marches. Next day both the Rappahannock and Rapidan rivers were crossed, a still longer march being made and many of the men falling out, some of whom were said to have been captured by bushwackers. A few miles on the morning of the 6th brought the command to Wilderness Tavern, where line of battle was formed and the division, with the Third under General Wilcox, moved forward through the dense tangle in the effort to fill the gap between the right and left wings of the Union army. The enemy was found in the early rilK FIFTY-EIGHTH ItF.aiMENT. 7U7 afternoon, intrenched on the ojjpositc side oi' a swampy ravine, and an engagement ensued, indecisive in its results, in which the Fifty- eighth sustained a loss of seven killed, 23 wounded and four missing. The position gained was held till the following afternoon, the regi- ment being on the picket line, when the movement to the rear and eventually to Spottsylvania began. During the 8th the command rested at Chancellorsville, and from the 9th to the 11th the regi- ment took part in the marching and maneuvering which brought the eorj)S into position for the battle of the 12th. In those pre- liminary contests the loss of the Fifty-eighth was two men killed and one or two wounded. Early on the morning of the 12th the brigade moved to the right and formed line of battle, joining in the assault on the intrench- mcnts held by the left of Hill's corps of Lee's army. The works were captured, but the enemy only retreated to another line which enfiladed those taken, and being reinforced later in the day regained possession of the contested works, the men of the Ninth Corps re- tiring to a ravine a short distance in the rear and the Confederates showing no disposition to jiursue the fighting further. In this stub- boi'u encounter the Fifty-eighth lost 13 killed, 90 womided and two missing. Captain Harley and Adjutant Ogden were anu)ng the killed. The command remained near the scene of this engagement during the remainder of the operations before Spottsylvania, skir- mishing frequently and losing three killed, six wounded and three missing, but taking part in no further heavy actions. The move- ment toward the North Anna began the 21st, and in the skirmish- ing at that point the regiment lost two or three wounded and as many missing from the picket line. The river was recrossed at evening of the 2C)th, and the southward march took the regiment across the Pamunkey late in the evening of the 28th. The Toto- potomy was reached next day, and a. day or two of maneuvering and skirmishing ensued in which the Fifty-eight lost four wounded and missing. On the afternoon of June 2 the regiment marched toward Shady Grove Chui-ch, skirmishing with the enemy and hav- ing one killed and seven wounded. • At daylight of the 3d the Fifty-eighth moved forward and joined in the assault on the Confederate lines before Cold Harbor. Through a deadly lire it advanced to within 50 yards of the hostile works, where the men with bayonets and tin cups threw up slight defenses 708 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. of earth, being ordered to mainlain the position at all hazards, — which they did during the day, tiiough at heavy loss, 18 being killed and 67 wounded. Among the dead were Major Ewer and Captains U))ham and McFarland. Next morning it was found that the foe had retired from that part of the field, and soon afterward the regiment was joined l)y its ninth company, I, which had just arrived from Massachusetts via White House Landing. This company was commanded by Cap- tain Nathan S. Oak man of Hanover, his lieutenants being William H. Burbank of Medford and Lorenzo D. Munroe of Plympton. Prom this time till the close of the operations before Cold Harbor on the 12th the regiment w^as constantly on duty and under fire, losing during the time two killed, 12 wounded and 16 missing. Lieu- tenant Burbank dying of his wounds at White House Landing on the 11th. Then the march southw^ard across the James began, and on the 17tli the command joined in the assault and capture of the outer defenses of Petersburg, the loss of the regiment being 16 wounded. An effort next day to gain possession of the Norfolk and Petei's- burg Railroad was only partially successful. After obtaining some advantage the regiment found itself exposed to a severe fire from three sides, and took shelter in the bed of a creek, where it remained till after dark, when it was withdraw^n to a less exposed position, having met a loss of two killed, 22 wounded and one missing. Fi-om that time to the 30th of July it was on duty in the trenches, meet- ing the additional loss of five killed, including Second Lieutenant Franklin D. Hammond of Chatham, and nine wounded. In the " Battle of the Crater" July 30, the regiment with its bi'i- gade charged into the chasm of the exploded fort, whence it was ordered to capture a battery a quarter of a mile beyond. Two al- temps w^re made to execute the order, but owing to the confusion, anil the heavy iire from the enemy, they failed and the regiment finally found itself huddled back in the fort with the other disorgan- ized troops. Few could escape, still fewer could fight, and when the Confederates advanced in force the great body of Union troops Avere easily made pris^niers. The loss of the Fifty-eighth was five killed, including First Lieutenant Granet, 30 wounded and 84 captured. The remnant of the regiment occupied positions in the breast- Avorks and trenches till the 25th of September, when the Sunday services were interrupted by orders to march immediately ; various THE FIFTY-EIGIITII BECJMENr. 709 niovcmciits occniMcd the time till the oOth, when the regiment crossed the WeUloii Railroad at Yellow House and immediately joined in the battle of Poplar Spring Church, The Fifth and Ninth Corps failing to connect as they advanced, the enemy penetrated the opening and after a very brief contest captured nearly the entire Fifty -eighth Regiment. Two of its members had been killed — Second Lieutenant John W. Fiske and First Sergeant Epliraim H. Haskins, Jr., of Freetown, who had been commissioned but not mustered as second lieutenant, ten were wounded and 09 captured; only about a dozen, including one officer, escaped. However, de- tailed men, returning convalescents and 54 recruits from INIassachu- setts in a few weeks brought the regiment up to respectable num- bers. It took no further part in the military operations of the autimin. but about the last of November moved to Hancock Station where it went into winter quarters, garrisoning Fort ^leikle. In addition to the oOieers mentioned as killed in action, Captain 'Charles H. Johnson had died of wounds October 27, while a pris- oner of war, and Second Lieutenant Samuel J. Watson at his home in New Bedford died of disease December 11. During the winter the .only notable incident was the arrival F b- ruary '20, 1865, of Company K, commanded by First Lieutenant Albion M. Dudley of Provincetown, the second lieutenant being Hcnuin Chase of Harwich. The casualties meantime were few, one man being killed and a few wounded. The Fifty-eighth joined in no action till the morning of April 2, when it formed a part of the attacking colunni which made a lodgment in the Confederate works west of Fort Mahone. The position gained was maintained till 4 o'clock that afternoon, with stubborn fighting, when it was relin- (piished, the regiment having lost live killed, 17 wounded and 14 enptuictl. all the latter rejoining the regiment a week later on the surrender of Lee's army. That event found the Fifty-eighth and its brigade at Rurkesville Junction guarding the railroad, from which i)oint it marched to Farmville where it remained for ten days on like duty. Its return march began on the 20th, being !)v wav of Petersburg to City Point, where it took transports for Alexan- dria, reaching that city on the 28th and encamping in the vicinity. It took part in the grand review of ^May 23 in Washington, the re- turn to Massachusetts began July 15, Readville being reached on il:e 18th, and on the 2()th the men were paid and discharged. THE FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT. THE Fifty-ninth (Fourth Veteran) Regiment was numerically the last of the four new infantry, regiments authorized and raised during the winter and spring of 1863-4 — which were also the last of the three-years' regiments sent out. In fact, how- ever, its organization was completed and it left the state before the Fifty -eighth, though both were recruited at Camp Meigs, Rcadville. The first company of the Fifty-ninth was mustered December 5, 1863, but it was a full month before the next company was ready for the mustering officer. B and were filled during January, 1864, E, D and F in February, G and H in March, and I on the 2d of April ; but it was not till the 21st of that month that K was ready for the mustering officer. On the 26th of April the command left for Washington with the following list of officers : — Colonelj Jacob P. Gould of Stoneham; lieutenant colonel, John Hodges, Jr., of Salem; major, Joseph Colburn of Eoxbury; surgeou, AVilliam Ingalls of Winchester; assistant surgeons, Thomas GiltilUm of Cummington and Edward W. Norton of Blandford ; chaplain, Hiram L. Howard of Boston; adjutant. Horace M. Warren; quarter- master, Benjamin F. Barnard, both of South Beading; sergeant major, James Gibson of Boston ; quartermaster sergeant, James W. Band of Weymouth; commissary sergeant, William H. Aldridge of Melrose; hosp)ital steward, William B. Dorman of Georgetown; prin- cipal musician, William Nichols of Reading. Company A — Captain, Francis M. Smith of Lynn; first lieutenant, Henry M. Cross of Newburyjjort; second lieutenant, Henry A. Smith of Charlestown. Company B — Captain, Warren S. Potter of Roxbury; first lieuten- ant, Henry L. Swords of Charleston; second lieutenant, John Foley. Company C — Captain, John H. Chipman of Beverly; first lieuten- ant, Joseph Church of Boston ; second lieutenant, James Dunlap of Topsfield. Company D — Captain, George W. Field of Lowell; first lieutenant, Benjamin F. Milward of Salem ; second lieutenant, Charles Cotting. Company E — Captain, Frederick Cochrane of Methuen; first lieu- THE FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 711 tenant, William A. Fifield of Lowell; second lieutenant, Charles P, Welch of Cambridge, Company F — Captain, I^ewis E. Munroe of Eoxbnrv ; first lieuten- ant, Kichard II. Chute of Chelsea; second lieutenant, Josejjh E. Moody of Newburyport. Comi)any G — Captain, Francis A. Wildes of Topsfield ; first lieu- tenant, George J. Morse of Woburn ; second lieutenant, Ward B. Frothingham of lioston. Company H — Ca])tain, Edward B. P. Kinsley of Cambridge; first lieutenant, Benjamin F, Chesley of Haverhill ; second lieutenant, 8andford K. (ioldsmith of Andover. Company I — Ca})tain, Ezra P, (rould of Cambridge ; first lieuten- ant, JIumjihrey H, Buttrick of Concord; second lieutenant, Albert Binder of Lowell. Company K — Captain, Samuel A. Bean of Xatick; first lieutenant, George C. Burrill of Brookline; second lieutenant, Charles IL Lang of Beading. The regiment proceeded to Washington by rail, arriving there on the 28th ; it stopped over night at the Soldiers' Rest near the depot and next day was transferred by boat to Alexandria, whence after passing one night at the Soldiers' Rest of that city and two days in camp in a field some two miles out, cars were taken on the after- noon of May 2 for Bealton Station. Thence the regiment marched to Rapj)ahannock Station, where it bivouacked till the 4th, going on that day to Brandy Station and the 5th to Germania Ford, where it reported to General Stevenson, commanding the First Division. Ninth Corps, and was assigned to the First Brigade of his division, being associated with the Thirty-fifth, Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh Massachusetts and the Fourth and Tenth United States Regulars, the brigade being commanded by Colonel Sumner Carruth of the Thirtv-fifth. The next dav — ten davs after leaving the state and having had absolutely no ojjportunity for that season- ing and discipline which come from camp life and drill under a callable commander — the regiment took part in the battle of the Wilderness. In general features the story of its experience was similar to that of the other regiments of the brigade, though its loss was not so severe as that of the Fifty-seventh, being 12 killed, 27 wounded and five missing. Soon after the battle Colonel Gould was prostrated by illness, and on recovering was assigned to the command of the brigade, leaving the regiment in the efficient hands of Lieutenant Colonel Hodges. ^larching toward Spottsylvania Court House, the Fifty-ninth 712 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. formed line of battle near the Po river, and, intrenching, held the position till the 12th, when they took part in the general action of that day, suffering a loss of 11 killed, 45 wounded and three miss- ing or prisoners. Among the killed was First Lieutenant George J. Morse. Maneuvering, building earthworks and skirmishing occupied the time till the army was ready for another southward movement, and the regiment next faced the foe on the afternoon of the 24th, after having crossed the North Anna at Quarles Mills. In the action there the brigade was taken at a disadvantage by a sudden onset of the enemy, and in falling back to a tenable posi- tion met with considerable loss in which the Fifty-ninth shared to the extent of two killed, 20 wounded and 16 missing, most of whom, including two officers, were prisoners. First Lieutenant George C, Burrill of Brookline Avas among the killed. Recrossing the river when it was found to be impracticable to fight a battle at that point, the regiment shared in the marching and maneuverings of its brigade till the 3d of June, when it again joined battle in earnest, in connection with the general assault on the Confederate lines at Cold Harbor. The part taken by the Ninth Corps in this battle was somewhat less destructive than that of corps further to the left, but the result was no more satisfactory, since no decided impression was made on the enemy's lines and the loss of life was without recompense. The Fifty-ninth had two killed, 15 wounded and as many captured or missing. For five days from the 5th of June the regiment was located near Allen's Mills, some distance to the rear of the scene of action of the 3d. Then followed the move southward to the James river, the crossing at Windmill Point on the 15th and the arrival before Petersburg on the morning of the 17th. Late that afternoon the division under command of Colonel Gould charged the enemy's lines at a point where another division had charged and failed; this attempt was more successful, making a lodgment in the hostile works by virtue of the bayonet alone, after a long struggle. The loss of the regiment was severe, being 13 killed, 49 wounded and eight missing. Captain Samuel A. Bean was mortally wounded, dying three days later. Although. the Con- federate troops had simply been driven from their outer lines to a stronger position in the rear, the Union soldiers held, changed and strengthened what they had gained, and in these duties, as well as THE FIFTY-Niyril liEGIMENT. 718 that of picketing the front, the regiment passed its time till the exjilosion of the mine beneath the Confederate -works on the morn- ing of the 30th of July, when the brigade, under command of General Bartlett, headed the column of assault. The story of the disaster need not be repeated; — the Fifty-ninth shared the general fortunes of the day, having eight killed, 25 wounded and losing 47 prisonei's •d\\i\ missing. A sad blow io the regiment was tlie death of its gallant commander, Lieutenant Colonel Hodges, who was killed in the action, as was First Lieutenaut James Dunlap. On the 22d of August the ])ainful intelligence reached the command of the death of Colonel (Jould, who while in command of a brigade had been wounded, losing a leg, from the effect of which he died. Colonel Could was a brave and capable officer, who entered the service at the organization of the Thirteenth Massachusetts Regi- ment as its major, serving in that capacity for almost three years, until selected to command the Fifty-ninth. Major Colbui-n being absent from the effects of a wound received June 17, the remnant of the regiment remained under command of the senior captain till his return to duty, August 15. He was soon afterward pro- moted to lieutenant colonel, and Captain Ezra P. Gould was made major dating from August 20; the vacant colonelcy was never lilled owing to the depicted numbers of the regiment. After this sad experience the Fifty-ninth rctuincd to the works in which they had been doing service, and remained there till the movement against the Weldon Railroad was made, resulting in the battle of ihe 10th of August. In that engagement only a portion of the regiment took part, a considerable number being detailed for work on artillery roads, and the loss was but four wounded and two missing; — though included in that list Avas Adjutant Warren, wlio died on the same day from his injuries. His abilities as an oiiieer were recognized by the complimentary commission of ma.jor, dating from the 4th of August. The troops which had gained possession of the railroad held the point, fortifying and remaining there till the 28th of Sci)teml)er, when a second movement to the left was made, in which the Fifty- ninth parlieijjated. It was engaged in the battle near the Peebles House, losing one killed, eight wounded and two missing. Ca|)tain Lewis E. Munroe died of wounds received Octoljcr 12. In this en- gagement the brigade was forced to fall back temporarily, but the 714 MASSACnUSETTS IN THE WAR. ground was afterward recovered and works were thrown up which the Fifty-ninth assisted in manning till the 26tli of October. A reconnaissance Avas then made toward the Southside Railroad, but il was not successful, and the regiment returned Avith the rest of the command, building winter quarters, but was soon after ordered back to the right of the lines, where works were occupied near the scene of the regiment's first contests before Petersburg. The position of the Fifty-ninth was at the right of the brigade — then known as the Third Brigade, First Division, and commanded by Colonel McLaughlen of the Fifty-seventh. The works were in v.ery bad condition when the regiment occupied them, but by labor- ing day and night they were in a short time made as complete as circumstances would admit. The ground was very low and close to the enemy's lines, where the constant firing rendered bomb-proofs necessary, and these from the marshy nature of the soil were con- stantly more or less filled with water. Incessant efforts, however, finally overcame many of the difficulties, and the quarters of the men Avere made habitable. During February, 1865, Lieutenant Colonel Colbui-n obtained a leave of absence, and as he resigned before its expiration the com- mand of the Fifty-ninth thenceforth devolved on Major Gould. On the 15tli of March the regiment was relieved by the Fifty-seventh, and quitting the trenches for a well-earned season of rest took the camp vacated by the relieving regiment, in the vicinity and to the rear of Fort Haskell. Ten days later came the Confederate capture of Fort Stcdman, and as soon as the nature of the disaster was known the Fifty-ninth were ordered to Battery XI, a small Avork to the left of Fort Stedman Avhich had been manned by the 1'wenty- ninth Massachusetts, most of Avhom had been captured by the as- sailants. When the regiment arrived there the few Confederates left in possession of the lunette were (]uickly driven out or captured, but it was soon found that the Avorks on both sides Avere virtually in the hands of the enemy, having either been captured or deserted by their defenders. Colonel McLaughlen and his staff were made prisoners on entering Fort Stedman, Avhich they supposed still in the possession of Union troops, and the lines of rebels in the rear were converging to gather in the little band of the Fifty-ninth. There Avas but one method of escape, and that Avas promptly adopted ; the regiment sprang over the works to the front and thus made its THE FIFTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 715 way between the two lines of intrenchments to Fort Haskell, where the scattered fragments of the brigade were uathercd. After the enemy had been driven out Major CJould and his coin- inaud were ordered into the trendies, this time l)ctwceii Fort Sted- nian and Battery XI, where they remained till the fall of Peters- burg and Richmoud, on the 2d of Ai)ril, being kei)t on the alert almost day and night during that time by the activity which pre- vailed on both sides, though there was not much severe lighting in which the regiment participated. On the morning of the 3d it marched forward over the works and into the evacuated city, en- eam])ing in the vicinity for a few days, after which it did duty at various points guarding the Southsidc Railroad. Late in April the corps was ordered to Washington, going by transports to Alexan- dria. After encamping for a few days near that city it crossed to the vicinity of Tennallytown, with its division, and resumed the routine of camp life, with occasionally a turn of picket duty, which had UDW become rather a form than a necessity. During the month of June the Fifty-ninth was formally consolidated with the Fifty- seventh, closing the record of its existence as a separate regiment. Out of a membership of less than 1,000, the Fifty-ninth had 48 killed in action and 198 wounded ; while 99 died from wounds and disease, 47 of the number as prisoners of war. Like the other " Veteran Regiments," this command had no occasion to blush for its record. Called into action almost directly from the camp of organization, and engaging in the most persistent and exhausting cam{)aign known to the war, it dwindled away to a mere handful in the discharge of its trying duties, so that it was finally merged in another oruanization before the close of its service. THE SIXTIETH REGIMENT. THE Sixtieth Regiment was a militia organization formed in the summer of 1864 for 100 days' service, some of the com- panies of which had previously had an existence, while others were recruited for the purpose. The rendezvous was at Readviile, where the companies assembled during July, C being mustered first on the 14th, others following almost daily till the 23d when E, H and I completed the regiment. The list of officers was not com- pleted till some time later, so far as the held and staff were con- cerned, but when mustered the roster was as follows : — Oolouel, Ansel D. Wass of Boston; lieutenant colonel, David M. W('0dward of Worcester; major, Uriah Macoy of Xortli Bridgewater; surgeon, Frederic W. Mercer; assistant surgeon, George H. Powers, both of Boston ; adjutant Thomas Sturgis of A^ew York ; quarter- master, John C. Heymer of Cambridge; sergeant major, AYillium H. Cadwell of New Bedford; quartermaster sergeant, David M. Kelly; commissary sergeant, Josepli Chase, both of Haverhill; hosjiital stew- ard, John S. Chick of Sturbridge; drum major, William H. Penni- man of Quincy. Company A, Abington — Captain, Josiah Sonle. Jr. ; first lieuten- ant, Joseph B. AVarue; second lieutenant. Brainerd Cushing. Company B, Quincy — Captain, F. Edward Bent; first lieutenant, Warren W. Adams; second lieutenant, Albert Keating. Company C. North Bridgewater — Captain, Charles L. Sproul; first lieutenant, Thomas P. Barnefield; second lieutenant, Beriah T. Hill- man of Bridgewater. Company D, Fall River — Captain, Joseph O'Neill; first lieutenant, Benjamin F. Simmons; second lieutenant. William H. Munroe. Company E— -(Japtain, jMoses W. Comsett of Boston; first lieuten- ant, Darius P. Ricluirds of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Robert R. Andrews of Doreh.ester. Company F — Captain, Robert H. Chamberlain of Worcester; first lieutenant, Josepli A. Titus; second lieutenant, George M. Roberts, both of fveicester. ('nnipnny G — Captain, Barker B. Kent, Jr., of Boston; first lieu- tenant, John Dorr of Lexington; second lieutenant, Ezra Perkins of Boston. THE SIXTIETH BEdlMENT. "IT Company TT — Captain, Stephen 1). Gardiner of Boston; first- lieu- tenant, Joseph L. Jolmson; second lieuteimnt, Eben 1*. Cutter, l)()th of Newbury pert. Company I. llaverliill — Captain, David Boynton: lirsl lieutenant, Ira Hurd; second lieutenant. Joshua M. Stover. Company K — Captain. Chandler J. Woodward; first lieutenant, Henry Tracy, both of Shclburne. The roiiimont, l)cin<;- filled, left under orders to report to the ad- jutant ucmral of the army at Washinii'ton, August 1, 1864, under comuuind of Lieutenant Ct)lonel Woodward, with 878 enlisted men; but on reaching Baltimore, where it Avas joined by Colonel Wass, it was directed to wait there for further orders. Arms were stacked in the gutter and the regiment slept on the sidcAvalk the first night, and next day marched to the vicinity of Relay House, w'herc a stop of about a week was made. The men had no tents, but the weather was favorable, with the exception of one heavy rain-storm. The location was then changed to Carroll Hill, near the city, where another week was passed, when the regiment was ordered to Indian- apolis, Ind., where danger was apprehended from disloyal secret organizations. The Sixtieth, accompanied by a Pennsylvania regi- ment, repaired to its destination and was at first (puirtered at Camp Carrington, but shortly after removed to Burnside Barracks and with a Veteran Reserve regiment furnished guards for a stockade containing 5,000 Confederate prisoners of war. It remained there, thus engaged, during its entire term of enlist- ment, and was mustered out of service November 30 of the same year. Before leaving for home Colonel Wass received from Gov- ernor ^lorton of Indiana a very conijilimentary letter of thanks for the line deportment of his command. THE SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. THE Sixty-first Regiment was organized for one year's service during the fall and winter of 1864-5, and was the last regi- ment to leave the state. Recruiting for it began about the middle of August, and rendezvous was at Gallop's Island in Boston Harbor, where the recruits were sent by detachments as they were obtained. The entire state was represented in the membership of the command, though Company A was made up of men from Pitts- field and some neighboring towns, while Company D was composed of Adams men. Company B was the first filled, being mustered at various dates during the latter part of August and early in Septem- ber, and during the latter month four other companies were com- pleted — C being mustered from the 1st to the 17th, A on the 12th, D on the 14th and E before the last days. These five companies, forming a battalion under command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles F. Walcott, left the state on the 7th of October, going by the gov- ernment transport steamer Charles Thomas and reaching their desti- nation at City Point, Va., five days later after a stormy passage. The battalion was at once assigned to the Engineer Brigade under command of General Bcnham, encamping a mile or two from the landing and naming its quarters Camp Schoulcr, for the efiicient adjutant general of Massachusetts. The other companies were for- warded as they filled, and when the regiment was coujplctcd its roster of officers was as follows : — Colonel, Charles F. Walcott of Cambridge ; lieutenant colonel, Ebeuezer W. Stone, Jr., of Eoxbury; major, James G. C. Dodge of Boston; surgeon, James Oliver of Athol; assistant surgeon. Rufus A. Olloqui of Boston; adjutaiit. H. Burr Craudall of Boston; quarter- master, Frederick Chandler of Cambridge; sergeant major, Benjamin F. Dexter of Mcdway; quartermaster sergeant, Charles M. Brown of Adams; commissary sergeant, Patrick J. Donovan of Medway; hos- THE SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 71!» pital steward, Austin Moody of Wcstficld; i)riniipiil musicians, Edward S. Joy of rittstield and Jeremiah Sullivan of 'I'aunton. Company A — Captain, Georf^^e T. Barker of Boston; first lieuten- ant, \\'illiam II. Brown of Tittsfield; second lieutenant, John L. Daniels of East Lyme, Ct. Company B — Captain, William P. Drury of Chelsea; first lieuten- ant. Edward II. Morrill of Haverhill. Comi^aTiy C -Captain, Asahel Wheeler of Ashl)undiam; first lieu- tenant, Henry T. Johns of Pittsfield; second lieutenant, Frank J. Palmei-. Com})auy D — Captain, Simeon X. Eldridge of Adams; first lieuten- ant. Henry W. Howard of Waltham; second lieutenant, Horace A, Sunbury of South IJeading. Company E — Captain, James B. Moore of West Roxbury;* first lieu- tenant. Miles Farwell of Keene, N. H.; second lieutenant, Frederick Chandler of Cambridge. Company F — Captain, Sebastian P. Streeter of Poxbury; first lieu- tenant. Albert E. Daniels of Agawam. Company (I — Captain. Eugene C. Teutin of Chelsea; first lieuten- ant, Isaac P. Gragg of Poxljury: second lieutenant, William J. Duck- rell of Chelsea. Company H — Captain, Linus E. Clark of Lynn ; first lieutenant, Anthony Earle of Worcester ; second lieutenant, Thomas B. Hart of Lynn. Company I — Captain, Alanson H. Ward of Worcester; first lieuten- ant, Benjamin ^'aughan of Cambridge; second lieutenant, George A. Johnson of Worcester. Com]iany K — First lieutenaut, Charles A. Clarke of Medway; second lieutenant, John D. Ryan of Boston. Although nominally employed as engineers, the Sixty-first were also required to perform camp and picket duty, and when there was necessity they were as well taken to the front to hold the lines while the regular occupants were away on detached service. As these duties were in addition to the constant work upon the fortifications, they made the winter a very trying one for the battalion; but as a large pro]»ortion. including nearly every officer, of the command had seen former service in Massachusetts regiments, there was com- paratively little sickness, and the sanitary condition of the Sixty- lirst remained favorable. From the 10th to the l'2th of December the brigade was on duty at the front near Fort Sedgwick, when the men suffered much from the keen cold of the winter weather, but the battalion returned to its camp without casualty, though with some frost-bites incurred while on the picket line. From the 5th to the 11th of February, 1865, the battalion, then consisting of 720 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. seven companies, was engaged at the front while the movement to Hatcher's Run was being made, returning to its camp when the lines at the Run had been established. Company H joined the main body of the regiment at City Point on the 15th of February, having made the passage from Massachu- setts on the deck of the transport steamer Mississippi, where as the Aveather was quite severe during the passage nearly a quarter of the men had received frost-bites, some of them very serious. Com- panies I and K reported a month later, completing the regiment, which on the 17th of March was transferred from Benham's Engi- neer Brigiade with Avhich it had thus far served, and l)ecame part of an independent brigade under Colonel Charles H. T. CoUis of the One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Regiment. From this time until the final assault upon Petersburg, the regiment was en- gaged in provost and guard duty about head-quarters at City Point, but when the final operations began on the 29th of March it was placed under arms and held itself ready for active duty. It was not until afternoon of the 2d of April that the regiment was called into actual conflict. It was then in support of the Ninth Corps, which had made a lodgment in the Confederate works be- fore Fort Sedgwick, and about 2 o'clock in the afternoon, when the enemy had retaken Fort Mahone, the Sixty-first were called on to attempt a second capture of the fort. They made a superb charge under a deadly fire, gaining and holding the parapet of the fort, the Confederates retiring behind the nearest parallel. There they held on determinedly till sometime after dark, an advance of skirmishers under command of First Lieutenant Henry W. Howard finding the works evacuated; morning light showed that the retreat had ex- tended to Petersburg and Richmond, and that the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia had become a fugitive band, in com- mon with the late government at Richmond. In the action of the 2d the loss of the Sixty-first had been five killed and 30 wounded, two of the latter mortally. Among the slain was a brave young- officer — Second Lieutenant Thomas B. Hart. The regiment with its brigade followed the retreating rebel army till the surrender, returning to City Point on the 12th in charge of the captives taken from EwelFs Corps at Sailor's Creek. After four days' rest the brigade set out for Burkesvillc, where it arrived on the 20th and encamped till the 1st of May, when the THE SIXTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 721 rcpinicnt started toward Richmond, en route to Washington, having at that time been attached to the First Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Corps. Twelve days of marching brought the command to the vicinity of the national capital, and it went into camp near Fort Barnard. It participated in the review of the army on the 23d of May, but no other event of note occurred till the 5th of June, when the first five companies were returned to Massachusetts for muster out. Arriving at Readville on the 8th, they were discharged on the 17th. The battalion which remained in service maintained its organiza- tion, and was on the 1st of July attached to the Third Brigade, Third Division of the Provisional Corps occupying the defenses of Washington. But this assignment only continued till the 20th when the second battalion started for home, arriving at Readville on the 22d and being mustered out on the 1st of August. Although its term was comparatively short, the regiment performed a great deal of hard labor, and won compliments from its commanders in whatever position it was placed. THE SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT. THE Sixty-second Regiment was, like the Sixt}- -first, intended to serve for one year, and its advance squads, went into camp at Readville after the departure of the last companies of the Sixty-first. Some of its recruits were mustered early in March, 1865, and additions were made till the 11th of A])ril, when news of the surrender of General Lee's army stopped enlistments. At this time four companies had been filled, and nine officers were in com- mission and mustered, as follows: — Surgeon, Joshua B. Treadwell of Boston; captains, Warren S. Pot- ter of Roxbury, Christopher T. ITanley of Boston, and Thomas F. Wintlirop of Andover; first lieutenants, John C Ilcymer and Darius P. Richards of Cambridge and Theodore W. Pisher of Northfield; second lieutenants, Melville Eggleston of Stockbridge and Andrew C. McKenna of Boston. Ansel D. Wass of Boston, who had already served honorably with several regiments, had been designated as colonel, and I. Harris Hooper of Roxbury as lieutenant colonel, but they were not mus- tered to those grades. Other line officers had likewise been com- missioned but not mustered, while several proffered commissions had been declined. The four companies maintained their organization at the camp till the early days of May, when orders were received for their muster out, and on the 5tli the men were dismissed to their homes. All told, 400 officers and men had been mustered into the regiment, of whom two enlisted men had died of disease in camp, while eight had deserted. The Sixty-second Regiment could hardly have been said to have a history, yet it had contributed some- thinsi' in the areat sacrifice on the altar of a common count rv. THE FIRST HEAVY ARTILLERY. THE First Regiment of Heavy Artillery was a reorganization for that arm of the service of the Fourteenth (Infantry) Regiment of Massachusetts Vohmtcers [which see]. The transformation was ordered on the 1st of January, 1862, and as soon as jjossible thereafter the companies were raised to the re- quired numbers by an addition of 50 men each, two new companies, L and j\r, of loO men each being added. As a part of the command of General Wadsworth in the defenses of Washington the regiment remained during the si)ring and summer, engaged in building and strengthening fortifications, repairing roads, and the kindred duties naturally devolving upon troops in that position, in addition to gar- risoning the various forts placed under their care. During General Pope's Virginia campaign the regiment was ordered under arms for duty in the field, and on the 23d of August marched to Cloud's Mills, stopping there till the 2Gth, when it was ordered forward to Manassas. On the route small bodies of troops that had been defeated by the enemy's cavalry were met, and about a mile beyond Fairfax Court House the command was obliged to halt and form line of battle, remaining in that position during the day and the following ni.u-lit. One of the regiment was wounded while on ]»icket and taken to a house in the rear for treatment. While there a sudden dash was made by a body of hostile cavalry and the surgical staff of the regiment, wagoners and others were taken prisoners. The surgeons were released after being taken some distance, and the enlisted men were paroled. Toward evening of the 28th the regiment started back, going as far as Cloud's ^lills that evening and the next day resuming duty in the forts. Fur a week the First garrisoned eight forts, the line extending from Fort Albany in front of Long Bridge to Fort Bennett covering A(]ueduct Bridue. The line was then shoi-tcncd at the right bv the assitrn- 124 MASSACHUSETT.'^ IN THE WAR. mcnt of other troops to three of the forts, the First continuinu- to occupy Forts De Kalb, Woodbury, Tillinghast, Crai'li llio l-'irst lost one wounded and two missing. Still pressing 748 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. forward, on the 14th the division reached the Rapidan river at Rapi- dan Station to develop the Confederate strength on the other side, and the First were for some hours exposed to a heavy artillery fire, losing two killed, eight wounded and two missing. The cohimn then fell back to Culpepcr on the 18th, whence the First marched to Stevensburg on the 22d, back to Culpepcr next day, and on the 24th retired to the Rappahannock at Rappahannock Station, follow- ing the railroad back on the 25tli to Catlett's Station, where they remained on picket for ten days. On the 5th of October the command moved forward again, crossed the Rappahannock and advanced to Brandy Station, whence it fell back to Sulphur Springs at the crossing of the river by the road from Warrenton to Culpepcr, where on the 12t}i it had a slight skirmish with one man wounded. On the same day Colonel Sargent left, under orders to report to General Banks at New Orleans for duty in the Department of the Gulf, the regiment being temporarily commanded by Captain L. M. Sargent, Jr. Next day the Union army began mov- ing northward, to prevent the Confederates from getting between it and the nation's capital, the First acting as rear guard. In this capacity they participated in considerable skirmishing on the 14th, losing six wounded, but continued to cover the rear till Fairfax was reached, and on the 16th went on duty at Wolf Run Shoals. After two days they returned to Fairfax Station, and on the 19th began a forward movement along the line of the railroad which on the 21st brought them again to Warrenton, picket duty between Bealton and Warrenton filling the time until the opening of the Mine Run Campaign, The regiment moved with Gregg's Division, to which it was at- tached, on the 23d of November, crossed the Rappahannock next day and the Rapidan two days after at Ely's Ford, in advance of the Fifth Corps, on the Union left. The First Massachusetts Regi- ment led the cavalry division as it pressed forward on the 27th, and when near New Hope Church encountered the Confederate cavalry, fighting for some hours dismounted and pushing the enemy back upon their infantry lines at the intersection of the Robertson's Tav- ern road. During this action the regiment lost five killed and 13 wounded. The enemy falling back during the night to their in- trenchments l)ehind j\Iinc Run, tlie infantry moved forward in order of battle, the cavalry guarding the ilank and rear. While thus THE FIRST CAVA LEY. 749 engaged Orcgg's Division encountered Hamjjton's Confederate Cavalry Division under Stuart at Parkei-'s Store on the 29th and frustrated his attempt to gain the Union rear, the First Massachu- setts taking part in the engagement and losing 11 wounded and 11 missing. When the camj)aign was abandoned the cavalry covered the withdrawal of the infantry, the regiment reaching Brandy Station on the 0th of December, moving live days later to Warrcnton, where it resumed outpost duty, remaining in what might be termed winter quarters till the 21st of April, 1864, with the exception of an expedi- tion at the beginning of January through Chester Gap to Front Royal which occupied four days but gave no results of importance. During the previous fall and winter a new battalion of four com- panies had been recruited in Massachusetts for the regiment, to take the place of the battalion which had been detached, the cora- jianies being mustered on the 5th and 29th of December and Oth and 14th of January respectively, and joining the regiment on the 24th of March. The new battalion was under command of Major L. M. Sargent, Jr., promoted from captain, while numerous other changes had taken place among the othcers of the regiment. Lieutenant Colonel Curtis had resigned from the 4th of March on account of disability and was succeeded by Major Chamberlain, while the pro- motion of the latter created a vacancy which was nominally filled by the advancement of Captain T. L. ^[otley, though he was never mustered to the higher rank. Surgeon Holland had resigned during the p)revi()us sununer, being succeeded by Alljcrt AVood of Towksljury, while at a still earlier date Chaj)lain Patterson had resigned. The latter position remained vacant during much of the regiment's term of service, but was filled late in the summer of 1804 by the ap- ]»ointment of George W. Gorham of liolyoke. In the reorganiza- tion of the Cavalry Corps connected with the Army of the Potomac under the efhcient command of General P. H. Sheridan for the 1864 campaign, the First Massachusetts Regiment still remained a part of the First Brigade, Second Division. The brigade was composed in addition of the First New Jersey, First Pennsylvania and Sixth Ohio Regiments, and was commanded by (Jeneral Henry E. Davics, Jr., the division of two brigades being still under the command of Briu;adier General David McM. Grejro;. The division left its winter cam|) on the 21st of Aju-il, advanced to Three Mile Run and encam{)ed till the preparations for the general 750 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. • movement were completed. The Rappahannock was crossed at Kelly's Ford on the 29th and the regiment bivouacked at Mountain Creek, a few miles beyond, till night of the 3d of May, when lead- ing the advance for the Second Corps, forming the left column of the Army of the Potomac, the division marched to the Rapidan, crossed it next morning and continuing past Chancellorsville en- camped for the night at Pine Ridge. Next morning the advance was continued till the enemy were met at Todd's Tavern and an engagement ensued in which the First took a prominent part and met a loss of three killed, 25 wounded and six missing. Being re- lieved the regiment fell back some two miles and after resting through the night picketed the Fredericksburg road the following day while the most sanguinary part of the battle of the Wilderness was being fought. On the 7th the regiment again advanced to Todd's Tavern and skirmished with the Confederates till relieved by the advancing infantry, when a concentration of the Cavalry Corps took place, and on the 9th General Sheridan began his famous movement past the Confederate right flank and toward Rich- mond. Davies's Brigade formed the rear guard, and had crossed the Ta river when it was overtaken by a hostile force under General James B. Gordon of W. H. F. Lee's Cavalry Division, but the enemy was held in check till the main column had advanced sufficiently, when the Union cavalry followed, the Confederate brigade still hovering near. The loss of the First Massachusetts in this engage- ment was four wounded and 20 captured. That night the brigade bivouacked near Beaver Dam Station, and next day continued the march, but at night was detached from the main column for the sake of making a dash upon Ashland Station on the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad, which was executed very early on the morning of the 11th, a small force which was there being driven out after a sharp resistance, the public buildings, sup- plies and some miles of the railroad being destroyed. The loss of the regiment was six killed, including First Lieutenant E. P. Hop- kins of Williamstown, 10 wounded and 12 ca]itured. The brigade, rejoining its division, made a forced march to Yellow Tavern, where the Confederate cavalry under J. E. B. Stuart, its famous commander, was gathering to oppose the Union column? A battle ensued on the 12th which lasted most of the day, resulting in the defeat of the southern army, the mortal wounding of General Stuart being an es- THE FIR ST CAVA L It Y. 751 peciiilly heavy blow to the Confederates. Sheridan now pnisucd liis course across the ('liickahominy and to Carter's Landing' on the James, which he reached on tiie 14tli and after restini^ his command for three days started on the return trip the 17th, moving leisurely up to meet the Army of the Potomac, which was making its way southward after the long contest about Spottsylvania. For several days the column moved from point to point in the neighborhood of the Pamunkey, crossing the river two or three times, but having no encounter with the enemy till Pyrin's Church was reached on the 28tli, where a sharp brush took place, the regiment losing First Lieutenant William W. Wardell of Somerville, killed while on duty as brigade i)r()vost marshal, and three men wounded. After leading the Army of the Potomac into position at Cold Harbor, the First Massachusetts having little share in the cavalry fighting which preceded the main battle. General Sheridan allowed his tired troopers two or three days for rest. 'J'he movement south of the James having been decided upon by General Grant, Sheridan with Gregg's and Torbert's Divisions Avas sent northward to (\v- stroy railroads and if practicable to connect with General Hunter's command at Charlottesville and return with it to the Army of the Potomac. The last part of the plan had to be abandoned, but the former was thoroughly executed. The column started on the Oth of June, crossing the Pamunkey, encountered the Confederate cavalry under Hampton at Trevillian Station on the 11th, fighting a sharp battle in which the First took but slight part, reached Mine Kun on the 14tli, turning thence toward Fredericksburg, marching past Spottsylvania, Guincss Station, Bowling Green, and finally reaching White House on the 20th. The column still continued its rajjid movements through the country, occasionally meeting a small force of the enemy, the severest conflict so far as the First were con- cerned being on the "24th at St. Mary's Church, where the regiment lost one killed, two Avounded and as many missing. The James river was crossed at Whitehall Landing next day and the column moved by Avay of the Jerusalem Plank road to Prince George Court House, where on the 27th the regiment went into camp. Here the command recuj)erated after its severe experiences, though frequently called on for picket duty, till the 14th of July, when the First left camp and moved to Lee's ^lills on the Jerusalem road, some miles south of Petersburg. While encamped there the regi- 752 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. mcntwas engaged in scouting and ))icketing tlie vicinity, but on the 26th left camp, crossed the Ap])oniattox and James rivers and ad- vanced to Malvern Hill, where at noon of the 28th the enemy was encountered and a fight followed in which the regiment lost three killed, 13 wounded and two missing. The old camp at Lee's Mills was reached on the return two days later, and the enemy was found in the vicinity; he was (piickly driven out, however, with a loss of but one mendjer of the First wounded, and the old ])osition was re- occupied. Another movement across the James began on the 14th of August, and that day Malvern Hill Avas reached and the foe again found in waiting and engaged. During the four days following the regiment was on jticket on the Newmarket and ('harles City roads, being attacked by a superior force on the 18th and forced back to the infantry supports. It recrossed tlie James next day, having lost during tlie expedition one man killed, four Avounded and five missing. It moved at once to Reams Station on the Weldon Rail- road, where an infantry force was engaged in the destruction of the track, meeting the enemy on the 21st and again on the 23d in shai-p engagements, with a total loss to the regiment of six wounded. Next day the First went on j)icket on tlie Dijiwiddie (lourt ILniso road, and the following day Ijcing attacked by the ent'uiy in force, wei'e obliged to fall back to their supports. 'Fhe i)Osition which liad been gained on the Weldon Railroad being held, the regiment remained in camp and on outpost duty in that vicinity for some time. It returned to the Jerusalem Plank road on the IGth of September and made a reconnaissance toward Haw- kinsville and a dozen miles out met the Confederates, fighting them dismounted for some houi's in a swampy forest with a loss of two killed, ten wounded and nine missing. ]>eing relieved after dark the regiment fell back and next day returned to camp on the Jeru- salem Plank road. Sundry exi)editions in various directions, some- times attended with slight skirmishes, occurred during the next few days, but it was not till the 1st of October that a serious conflict was had. At that time the regiment was on picket on the Vaughan road, some two miles west of the Weldon Railroad, when it was attacked by a strong force of all arms. The entire Cavalry Brigade was brought into action, and ))artially sheltered by hastily erected intrcnchments repulsed several attacks, the loss of the First Massa- chusetts being two men killed, three wounded and one missing. THE FIliST CAVALRY. 753 After rcmaininu' in i\\v. viciiiily till the Ttli, (lie reu-iinout with- drew some seven miles to the Westi)r()()k House, where it eneainped till the 2()th. The di\isiou then niarehed towaid Dinwiddle Court House, the First forming the rear guard, receiving an attack, though not a very determined one, on the following afternoon, and return- ing to camp on the 2Sth, the h^ss during the expedition being two wounded and four missing. The following day tlie regiment went into camp near the Norfolk Railroad at ]\IcCann\s Station, but on the 18th of November moved again to the Westbrook House and erected Avinter quarters, where without imjjortant event such of the command as remained attached to head-(|uarters passed some time in comparative inaction. The original term of enlistment of the regiment had exi)ired during the ]»rcvious month, and on the 25th of October such of the original nieml)ers as had not re-enlisted left for ^lassachusetts to be mustered out. The veterans and recruits, including the new battalion, were reorganized into a battalion of seven full companies with the nucleus of an eighth, the whole being commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Chamberlain, Majors Pligginson and Sargent. Colonel Sargent, who had not returned to service with the regiment, had a month previous been discharged for disability. The battalion went as part of its division on the raid to Stony Creek Station December 1, though not actively engaged and suffer- ing no loss. On the 7th it set out on the movement southward on the Weldon Railroad, the pur[)ose of which was the destruction of the road at Jarrett's Station and in the vicinity. The head of the colunm penetrated as far as IJelHield, where the Confederates were found in an intrenched position and an attack was ordered, the First charging mounted under command of Major L. M. Sargent, Jr. A heavy lire of artillery was opened Ijy the Confederates, Major Sar- gent being instantly killed, and the position being shown to be so strong that the attack was discontinued. That night the battalion retired some ten miles, and next day, the 10th, continued the re- turn march, reaching the camp at Westbrook House late at night of the 11th. This was the last important movement made by the First Massachusetts in the field. It remained in winter quarters, sharing the duties of its brigade till the 17th of March, 1805, when it was detached and reported to Brigadier General Collis in com- mand at City Point for provost duty. It served there till the fmal assault upon Petersburg, when it was 754 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. placed on picket duty in the rear of the Ninth Corps^ and was soon after placed under command of the provost marshal of the Army of the Potomac. In that onerous if not dangerous position it re- mained till the 27th of May, when it was again returned to General Davies, then in command of the Cavalry Corps in the defenses of Washington, and served on escort duty till the 26th of June. It was then mustered out of the national service and started for Mas- sachusetts, reaching the camp at Readville on the 29th. The men were furloughed to their homes till the final rolls could be com- pleted, the last being paid and discharged on the 24th of July. Previous to the return of the regiment several changes had occur- red among the field officers. Major Higginson resigned in August, 1864, and Captains John Tewksbury of Boston and Amos L. Hop- kins of Williamstown were made majors. THE SECOND CAVALRY. THE Second Regiment of Cavalry was formed durinu' the win- ter of 18G2-3, its oruanization not being completed till well into the spring, though recruiting Ix'gan in Novembei", 18G2. Tiie first com|)nny to.be organized was one raised in California and offered to the city of Boston to apply on its quota. The offer being accepted, the command, which became Company A, was mustered at San Francisco December 10, and on the 3d of January reached Boston, going into camp with the gathering squadrons of the regi- ment at Camp Meigs, Rcadville. Companies B and D were mustered on the 18th and K on the 2Gth ; I followed on the 10th of Febnuiry, C the 17th of March and G April 9, though all required additional detachments to bring them up to the standard. The regiment was (•(inipU'ted by the kindly offer from California of an entire battalion, which was raised there by Major Thompson, comprising Companies E, F, L and M. These were com loosed of men from nearly all the states of the Union and were mustered by detachments at various times during the four months from February to May, the battalion reporting at the rendezvous April 16. Company H was the last to be filled and was mustered June 20. When completely organized the roster of the regiment was as follows : — Colonel, Charles Russell Lowell, Jr.; lieutenant colonel, Henry S. Russell, both of Boston; majors. Caspar Crowinsliield of Boston, De- witt C. Thompson of California and William H. Forbes of ^Milton; surgeon. Oscar DcAVolf of Chester; assistant surgeons, Harlow (Jam- well of Huntington and Elbridge ]\[. Johnson of Agawam; chaplain, Charles A. Humphreys of Dorchester ; quartermaster, Joseph M. Brown of Boston ; sergeant major, Charles G. Poland of Boston ; quartermaster sergeant, Rol^ert I. Files of Cambridge ; commissary sergeant, Talbot M. White of Boston; hospital stewaixl, Ai Gilnian of Boston; chief bugler, Peter E. AVhite of San Francisco. Company A — Captain, J. Sewell Read of San Francisco; first lieu- tenant, William M. Rumery of Boston ; second lieutenant, John W. Sim of San Francisco. 75G MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company B — Captain, William H. Forbes of Milton (major May 12); first lieutenant, Lewis 8. Dabney of Cambridge; second lieuten- ant, Warren J. Ball of Holden. Company C — Captain, Charles E. Eice of Brighton ; first lieuten- ant, John T. Eichards of Cambridge ; second lieutenant, Ilollis C. Pinkham of Boston. Company D — Captain, Francis Washburn of Lancaster ; first lieu- tenant, Charles Payson of Boston; second lieutenant, Edward T. Wellington of Worcester. Company E — Captain, Charles S. Eigenbrodt; first lieutenant. John C. Norcross; second lieutenant, Henry H. Crocker, all of California. Company F — Captain, David A. DeMerritt; first lieutenant, Eufus W. Smith; second lieutenant, Horace B. Welch, all of California. Company G — Captain, Archibald McKendry of San Francisco; first lieutenant, William W. Parker of Boston; second lieutenant, William L. Wells of JSTorthampton. Company H — Captain, George Blagden ; first lieutenant, Charles B. Fox; second lieutenant, Augustus L. Papanti, all of Boston. Company I — Captain, Louis Cabot of Brookline ; first lieutenant, John Phillips; second lieutenant, Edward B. Mason, both of Boston. Company K — Captain, George F. Holman of Cambridge; first lieu- tenant, Goodwin A. Stone of Newburyport (later adjutant) ; second lieutenant, Henry E. Alvord of Greenfield. Company L — Captain, Zabdiel B. Adams; first lieutenant, William C. Manning; second lieutenant, Josiah A. Baldwin, all of California. Company M — Captain, George A. Manning of California; first lieu- tenant, A. W. Stone of San Francisco; second lieutenant, Hiram E. W. Clark of New Salem. Major Crowninshield, with the first detachment of the regiment, consisting of Companies A, B, C, D and K, left the state on the 12th of February, going by way of Providence, Hartford, New Haven, Ncav York, Elizabethport, Reading and Harrisburg to Baltimore ; thence after a delay of two days sailing to Old Point Comfort and reporting to General Dix commanding at Fortress Monroe on the 18th. The companies were directed to proceed to Yorktown, and on reporting to General E. D. Keyes at that place were assigned to a camp at Gloucester Point, across the river from Yorktown, where the roundabout journey temporarily ended on the 20th. The post was commanded by Colonel Grimshaw of the Fourth Delaware Regiment, for whom the camp was named. As these five comi)anics were thus fairly in the field, their time being occupied with drill, outpost duty and scouting, the story of their detached service may be properly given before returning to the main body of the regiment, which was still in process of completion. THE SECOND CAVALRY. 757 On the 19th of April Companies A and B under Cajjtain Read were ordered to Williamsburg, where an attack from the Confeder- ates was anticipated, but did not occur. After taking part in several important raids and reconnaissances, the detachment re- turned to Gloucester Point on the 14th of May, and the day follow- iug the three companies which had been located there, Caj)fain Washburn commanding, reported to General Gordon at West Point. They formed the only cavalry force under General Gor- don, and were constantly employed in the duties naturally fall- ing to that arm of the service till the 1st of June, when the post Avas abandoned and the command returned to Gloucester Point. The five companies took part in a raid on the 10th in which with some other troops they marched 140 miles during an absence from camp of but 60 hours, capturing several prisoners and considerable valuable property. This brilliant dash proved but the preparation for another and more important expedition, which set out early in the morning of the 24th, the command Avith other troops taking trans])orts and landing the following day at White House on the Panumkcy. The Confederates there retreated without disputing the landing of the Union forces and were pursued, the ]\rassachu- setts soldiers being the first ashore and leading in the pursuit. The Second, Avith the ElcA-enth Pennsylvania and part of the TAvelfth Illinois Cavalry, bivouacked that night within 13 miles of Richmond, and next day continuing northward reached the railroad bridge over the South Anna river, Avhicli Avas found to be guarded by an in- trenched detachment of the enemy. After some futile attempts to fire the bridge, portions of Companies A and C, commanded by Cap- tain Read, crossed the river by a log boom under fire, formed on the opposite bank and charged, capturing the bridge guard after a sharp engagement in Avhich Company A lost one man killed and one severely Avounded, the prisoners numbering 123. During the raid vast quantities of army supplies and stores Avere captured, and on the return General W. H. F. Lee of the Confederate army, Avho Avas at home Avounded, Avas made jtrisoncr. The expedition reached White House on the 28th, Avhere it joined the force which Avas gathered there under General Dix, rested till the 1st of July and then set forth Avith the larger command over practically the same route to the South Anna. This expedition Avas absent a Aveek, ac- complishing nothing of imi)ortance. White House Avas again aban- 758 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. cloned on the 8th, the cavalry marching to Yorktown and reaching the old camp at Gloucester Point on the 10th. There were various movements during the month which ensued, but none of moment, and on the 27th the detachment was ordered to proceed to Washing- ton and join the main body of the regiment. Transports were at once taken, Captain Read being temporarily in command, and on the 6th of August the detachment reported to Colonel Lowell at Centerville, Ta. Meantime, the main portion of the regiment left the camp at Eeadville May 11, going by steamer from Stonington to Jersey City but making the rest of the journey by rail ; yet five days were con- sumed in making the trip from Massachusetts to Washington, and it was not till the 16th that the regiment went into camp on East Capitol Hill. The ranks were by no means filled, even then; Com- panies PI and I acted together as a single squadron, and Lieutenant Colonel Russell remained at Boston as recruiting officer. Within a month an addition of about a hundred joined the regiment, and other officers were sent back to assist in the gathering of recruits. Camp was changed to Brightwood, five miles north of the city, on the 30th of May, when the routine of outpost duty was taken up by the Second, and on the lltli of June it crossed the Potomac at White's Ford in search of the Confederate cavalry, which was feeling the way for the northward movement of the rebel army which was to end at Gettysburg. No engagement resulted, and the regiment re- turned to camp by way of Chain Bridge. Twelve days later its be- longings were removed to Poolesville, but it would be incorrect to say that head-quarters were established there, for till after the battle of Gettysburg the command was almost constantly in the saddle, watch- ing the fords of the Potomac, serving with the Army of the Potomac or pursuing the hostile cavalry under Stuart through Maryland. Returning to Poolesville, the regiment was at once ordered to Dawsonville, where it remained from the 3d to the 9th of July, con- stantly scouting the neighborhood, when it returned to Brightwood, stopped there for a night and was ordered to Alexandria, passing through Washington and going into bivouac at Canq) Wyndhani. The stop there could be called no more than a bivouac, for the fol- lowing day, the 11th, the regiment was ordered on a reconnaissance to the Blue Ridge, which was reached at Ashl)y's Gap on the 12th. The enemy was found there and a sharp skirmish ensued, resulting THE SECOXD CAVALRY. 759 in the Confederates bcinu' driven through the Gap, but the Second had one man killed, seven wounded and a number taken prisoners, including Lieutenant Norcross. Having pushed the enemy across the Shenandoah river, Colonel Lowell returned by way of Bright- wood, where his command passed the night of the 14th, going next day to Alexandria, The regimental camp was removed on the lUth to Centerville, whence on the following day a tour of investigation was made to Warrcnton, Catlett's and Bristoe Station, which was accomplished in two days, the weather and the distance making it a severe tax on the command. The regiment had head-quarters at Centerville for some time, the (hity on which it was engaged being constant and frequently arduous. There were various expeditions and frequent skirmishes, the most severe of which occurred on the 24th of August when Mosby's troopers were encountered at Coyle Tavern near Fairfax Court House, and in the fight the Second had two killed, two wounded and -several captured. Mosby himself was among the wounded on his side and his command was vanquished, leaving several of its dead and wounded on the field. Previous to this, on the 6th of August, the regiment had been reunited by the arrival of the five companies from southern Virginia ; but it did not long remain a unit, for on the ir)tli of September Companies C, F, G and I, forming the Thiid I>at- talion under command of Major Thompson, left for detached service in Maryland, being stationed at Muddy Brook, where they vemained during the autumn and winter without notable experience. The two battalions remaining at Centerville were commanded respectively by ^lajor Forbes and Captain Read, the regiment by Major Crown- inshield, and the brigade of three regiments which formed the cavalry force of the Department of Washington by Colonel Lowell, who had already won high commendation as an officer of that arm of the service. These regiments, in addition to his own, were the Thirteenth and Sixteenth New York. During this time the duties of the Second were very trying. ^losby with his daring band hunu- as near as jiossilile to the Federal sujtply trains, and his blows fell now here, now there; but wherever he struck or threatened. Colonel Lowell, depending especially upon his old regiment, met and generally foiled or punished the "j^artisan." On the bth of October the Second changed quarters to Fairfax Court Plouse, and three days later to Vienna, where they remained 760 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. during the fall and winter, maintaining a long line of outposts and being frequently called out in pursuit of the guerrilla bands. Few of these expeditions resulted in severe engagements or much loss of life, but an exceptional instance occurred on the 22d of February, 186-4, when a scouting party of 125 under Captain Read was sur- prised near Dranesville and severely defeated after a short and hope- less struggle. Ten of the party were killed, including Captain Read, seven wounded and 57 made prisoners, including Captain Manning, and Lieutenant Manning. Captain Read was the first officer of the regiment killed in action, though two of its sfecond lieutenants, William L. Wells and Edward B. Mason, had died of disease during 1863, — on the 26th of July and 14th of September respectively. Some time previous to this disaster a tragic event transpired when a former member of the Second who had recently deserted to the enemy was captured while leading a party against liis former com- rades. He was at once tried by court-martial and shot in the presence of the brigade. From the middle of February till the 4th of April Colonel Lowell was absent on detached duty, the brigade being com- manded by Colonel Lazelle of the Sixteenth New York. Tlie four companies at Muddy Brook were relieved on the 8th of March by Com- panies B, D, E and M, but the latter soon after rejoined the regiment. Several of the line officers were about this time discharged from the Second to be commissioned in the Fourth and Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry, the latter a colored regiment, and at the same time Lieu- tenant Colonel Russell, who had not served in the field with the Second, was made colonel of the Fifth. The lieutenant colonelcy of the Second was filled by the promotion of Major Crowninshield, while Captain George Blagden became junior major. Daring April the regiment participated in three successful raids, on the last of which $25,000 worth of blockade-run goods were captured and the secret quarters of Mosby were discovered and some of his personal effects confiscated, including his commission as "major of Partisan Rangers." The loss of the Second in these expeditions was two men killed. During the early part of May the regiment assisted in keeping open the Orange and Alexandria Rail- road; the camp being moved on the 24th to Falls Church, some miles nearer Alexandria. Early in June a detachment of the regi- ment with some others accompanied an ambulance train to the Wil- derness battle-field, l>rought in about 50 wounded L^nion soldiers THE SECOND CA VA L E Y. 701 ^vho had been left there, and were voluntarily accompanied by ten of the Confederate attendants. While most of these adventures had ])roduced gratifying results, the last days of. the command within the defenses of the national capital were to be marked by another disaster. Major Forbes, in command of a detachment of about 100, met i\Iosby's forces at jNIount Zion Church, near Aldie, on the 6th of July and suffered severely; eight of the detachment were killed, nine wounded and 38 made prisoners, including Major Forbes and Chaplain Humphreys; Captain Stone was mortally wounded, dying on the 18th. General Early was now threatening Washington, and on the 10th Colonel Lowell received from General Augur, commanding the de- fenses, orders to send a regiment of cavalry at once to Tennally- town to operate against the enemy. With the natural chivalry of his nature, Colonel Lowell selected his own regiment for the service and asked to be reliev.ed from the command of the brigade that he might accompany it in person. This request was granted, and with a following of 800 reliable sabers he repaired to the scene of danger. The histoiy of the following few days is full of credit to the Second. They operated against the army of Early, and when that chieftain was obliged to fall back after the battle of Fort Stevens on the 12th, pressed his rear closely. At Rockville on the loth Lieutenant Colonel Crowninshield with a battalion of the regiment charged the Confederates with spirit, but was met by a counter-charge of superior numbers which forced the battalion back into Rockville upon its sup- ports, where a rally was made and the successive charges of the Con- federates were handsomely rejjulsed. In these operations the loss of the Second reached six killed and about 100 Avounded or captured. The regiment accompanied the forces under General Wright in pursuit of the invaders till they were driven across the Shenandoah river, when it returned to the camp at Falls Church on the 23d, after two weeks of exciting service. But the jjcriod of rest was brief, for after two days in camj) the Second was again called on to join General Wright, to whom Colonel Lowell reported on the 2()th at Rockville. It is impracticable to detail the various movements of the regiment during the month of August; they were such as might have been anticipated from an able l)ody of troojiers holding a responsible })Osition. On the 9th the first arrival of cavalry from the Army of the Potomac took 762 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. place, and the Second Massachusetts, Avith the First Maryland and Twentj-hfth New York Regiments', became the Third Brigade, First Division. General Torbert commanded the cavalry corps. General Men itt the division and Colonel Lowell the brigade. During the month but few days passed in which the regiment was not engaged, more or less severely, with the enemy, the loss in the several affairs being eight killed, 30 wounded and 20 captm-ed. A reorganization of the cavalry was made on the 9th of Septem- bei", when the Second Regiment was transferred to the Reserve Bri- gade of the First Division, being brigaded with the First, Second, Fifth and Sixth United States. Colonel Lowell was again the bri- gade commander, and it was no slight mark of appreciation that he was placed in command of a brigade so largely composed of regulars. Previous to the battle of the Opequan numerous recon- naissances were made, all of which were attended with skirmishing, in which the regiment had three men killed and 12 wounded. In the fierce battle of the 19th of September the regiment shared in all the movements and charges of Merritt's Division, but lost only two killed, six wounded and two captured. It followed the Con- federates to Cedar Creek, then moved as part of a heavy cavalry column by way of Front Royal to the Luray valley. Some fighting occurred there in which the Second Avithout loss captured one battle flag and some prisoners, and rejoined the army at Harrisonburg on the 26th- During the remainder of the campaign there was little rest for the troopers ; on the flanks, in front or rear, as the nature of the movement might demand, covering a retreat or feeling the way for an advance, with various expeditions for the destruction of mills, railroad, depots or bridges, the trained riders were constantly engaged. The most severe engagement of this period so far as the Second were concerned occurred at Waynesboro, where after de- stroying an iron railroad bridge the Union cavalry encountered the Confederate infantry, the loss of the Second Massachusetts being- three killed, five wounded and two captured. Sheridan's army began falling back toward its base of supplies on the 6th of October, and the movement demanded even greater activity on the part of the cavalry. On the 8th, near Round Top Mountain, the Reserve Brigade, which had been sent back to recon- noitcr, encountered a more numerous force of the enemy, and after being reinforced by a part of General Devin's brigade Colonel Lowell THE SECOND CAVALRY. 76.} joined battle and fought till dark, the loss to his regiment being two killed and eiglit wounded. The following day occurred the brill- iant battle of Tonfs Brook, familiarly known as '"The Woodstock Races," in which the southern cavalry under Lomax and Rosser were defeated by the Union divisions under Mcrritt and Custer. Lowell's Brigade led the attack of the former, and after the rout of the foe his command, reinforced by a regiment from each of the other l)rigades, pursued Lomax for 20 miles. h\ this engagement tlie Second captured four pieces of artillery, wagons, forges and ])risoners, its total loss being two men wounded. The battle of Cedar Creek, on the 19th, was a sad event for the regiment, for while it won high praise for its services, it Avas called to mourn the loss of its gallant and accomplished colonel, who had that day been commissioned a brigadier general of cavalry volun- teers. The Second with its division was posted at the right of the Union army during the early part of the battle, but later was trans- ferred to the left, taking a position in front of Middletown near the Winchester jjike. There Lowell's Brigade did valiant service in restraining the Confederates and in the final charge which swept Early's army Itack in a rout. Just as the last charge (the fourth by the regiment that day) was ordered, Colonel Lowell received his second and mortal wound, the command of the brigade devolving upon Lieutenant Colonel Crowninshield. The latter letl the brigade in the resistless charge from Middletown to Fisher's Hill, and the following day pursued the discomfited rebels to Mount Jackson, re- turning thence to the old camp in rear of Cedar Creek. The loss of the regiment in the battle had been ten killed on the field and -'2 wounded ; of the latter Captain Rufus W. Smith died on the evening of the battle and Colonel Lowell on the 21st. Pre- vious to this, since the openinu- of the campaign three brave officers of the regiment had met death on the field, — Captain Eigenbrodt having been killed on the 2r)tli of August, First Lieutenant Charles E. Meader of Vassalboro, Me., on the iGth, and Second Lieutenant Henry F. Woodman of San Francisco, mortally wounded on the 2Sth, dying on the 0th of October. In addition to these losses and those by wounds and capture, a vacancy had been created by the resignation of Major Thompson from the 9th of August. This was (illod by the commissioning of Captain Mclvendry as major, while the death of Colonel Lowell caused the following jjromotions : Lieu- 764 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. tenant Colonel Crowninshield to be colonel, Major Forbes to be lieutenant colonel and Captain Rumery to be major. During the remainder of the month the regiment remained in camp, but from the 3d to the 28th of November, with other regi- ments of its brigade it guarded the construction of the railroad from Harper's Ferry to Stevenson Station. It then rejoined the division which was scouting beyond Snicker's Gap, and on the 3d of December returned to camp near Winchester; but on the 19th it set out on the expedition under General Torbert to Gordonsville, which lasted ten days and was very trying. The close of tlie year found it encamped on the Front Royal road a few miles from Win- chester, Major McKendry being in command and the soldiers and their animals comfortably quartered. Colonel Crowninshield re- turned from leave of absence soon after, but much of the time he was in command of the brigade. On the 20th of January, 1865, the num- ber present with the regiment for duty was. increased by the coming of 175 recruits, mostly from Camp Remount in Pleasant Valley, Md. With no more stirring occurrence than an occasional review the Second remained in camp till the 27th of February, furnishing heavy details for the outpost and scouting duty incident to the service. On that date they bade adieu to the Valley and with the rest of Sheri- dan's cavalry, under the personal lead of that inspiriting officer, be- gan the march overland to join the Army of the Potomac before Petersburg for the final campaign of the war. This movement, which occupied 20 days, was in itself a campaign. Coursing hither and thither through the country, the sweeping columns burned, de- stroyed and captured whatever could be found in the w^ay of stores, supplies, mills, factories, railroads, bridges and the like. The Second Massachusetts had its full share in the daring and doing of those scenes. At the railroad crossing of the South Anna on the 14th of March, the regiment under the lead of Colonel Crownin- shield charged the Confederate intrenchments, capturing them Avitli three pieces of artillery, which after being used to hasten the re- treat of the defenders were spiktd and thrown into the river. On the l8th White House Landing was reached, and next day the column crossed the Pamunkey river, going into camp for the rest and repair so much needed. During the three weeks in which they had been moving, men and horses had been exposed to most disagreeable weather, rain falling nearly every day and the roads being in horrible THE SECOND CAVALRY. 7G5 condition. Many of the animals were com|)lctcly broiven down, so that the riders were obliged to report to City Point for remounting. The remainder, having been refreshed, reclothcd and provisioned, crossed the James river at Deep Bottom on the 25th and at Hancock Station joined the Army of the Potomac, in front of Petersburg. The regiment stopped there for a few days while the ])reparations were completed for the grand combination of movements by which it was intended to crush the southern forces. The movement began on the 20lh, when camp was In-oken and the regiment marched to Dinwiddie Court House, where the night was passed. It led the advance the next day and at White Oak road found the enemy. A charge followed in which the Second gained considerable advantage with but slight loss — one man wounded and four taken prisoners. Being reinforced the command held the ground till noon of the fol- lowing day when the enemy gathered in strong force and by persist- ent lighting forced the Union troops back to Dinwiddie. The Second contested the ground determinedly, fighting through the forest dis- mounted much of the time, and when the final assault by the Con- federates was made the regiment, partially sheltered by a breastwork of rails, met the attack with a fire from their carbines that broke the charge. That night the Second bivouacked with the rest of the Union troops at Dinwiddie, while the Confederates fell back to Five Forks in preparation for the battle of the following day. In the fighting on the 31st of March the loss of the regiment had been some 12 or 14 killed and wounded, among the slain being Second Lieutenant Lewis Munger of California. In the battle of Five Forks, on the 1st of April, the First Division of cavalry under command of General Devin advanced directlv against the enemy's works, dismounted, and met and answered the Confederate fire while the other movements were being made which broke the hostile line and decided the battle in favor of the Union arms. The Second Regiment was one of the first in the captured works, and took many prisoners, its loss being but one killed and seven wounded. The next day the Southside Railroad was struck and destroyed, and from that time till the surrender of General Lee on the Otli the cavalry of the Union army was constantly en- gaged in the skirmishing and severe fighting which alternated with incessant marching and maneuvering. On the 4th Lieutenant Colonel Forbes, who had long been a prisoner in the hands of the 766 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. enemy, rejoined his command and resumed duty. The regiment was active in the lighting of the 6th, in which great damage was inflicted on the retreating enemy, the loss of the Second being but about a half-dozen wounded. On the morning of the 9th it was on the skirmish line, and some of the last shots fired by the Army of Northern Virginia were aimed at these slvirmishers. The regiment, which at this time had by the various experiences through which it had passed been reduced to some 200 officers and men present for duty, moved back by easy stages to Petersburg, in the vicinity of which on the 18th it went into camp for six days. During this time Lieutenant Colonel Forbes resigned, while Captain Manning, who had been a prisoner of war for 14 months, returned to the regiment, and with him came 150 remounted men. A move- ment toward North Carolina, to operate against the rebel General Johnston, began on the 24th ; but the intelligence was soon received that he, too, had surrendered, so the regiment returned to the north .side of the Appomattox, where it camped till the 10th of May. It then moved toward Washington, being reviewed in Richmond by General Halleck and reaching Alexandria on the 16th, encamped near Long Bridge till the 21st. It then crossed to the Washington side of the Potomac, stopping at Bladensburg till the grand review of the Union armies on the 23d in which it took part. Near the close of the month it recrossed to the Virginia side, where it was quartered during most of June. While there the prisoners of war on parole and otficers and men unht for active duty were mustered out, and the regiment lost its last commissioned officer to die in the service — Second Lieutenant Huntington F. Walcott of Boston — on the 9th of June from disease. Colonel Crowninshield, whose name had been so prominently identified with the fair fame of the regiment from its organization, resigned his commission on the 20th and re- turned to civil life, now that his country no longer needed his sword. The location of the Second was changed on the 26th to Fairfax Court House, but soon after the new camp had been established the welcome orders were received to prepare for muster out. The final rolls were made without delay and that interesting event took place on the 20th of July. Two days later the command left Washing- ton for Massachusetts, returning to the old camp at Readville whence they were paid and discharged on the 3d of August, after two and a half years of exceptionally active service. THE THIRD CAVALRY. THE Third Regiment of Cavalry was organized from troops already in the field, being composed of the Forty-first Mas- sachusetts Regiment (a sketch of which has already been given) and the three unattached companies, sometimes designated as the Independent Battalion, of Massachusetts Cavalry, which had accomjianied General Butler's expedition to the Department of the Gulf and remained on duty there during the interim. A resume of the previous history of these companies is in order. Two companies were first ])roposed, to be known as " Mounted Rifle Rangers," th(> en- listment office being oijcned at 55 State Street, l>oston, on the 17th of September, 1861. The recruits were rigorously selected, both for respectable standing in the community and jjcrsonal fitness for the service, none being accepted under five feet nine inches in hight or if weighing over 160 pounds. The encampment was at Camp Chase, Lowell, where the First Com))any was organized on the 15th of November, 1861, with the following officers: Captain, S. Tyler Read of Attleboro; first lieutenant, Jonathan E. Cowen of Fair- haven ; second lieutenant, Benjamin Pickman of Salem. The Second Comjjany was filled before the close of the year, its officers being: Captain, James McGce of Lowell; first lieutenant, Albert G. Bowles of Roxbury ; second lieutenant, Joseph W. Mor- ton of Quincy. The Third Comjiany was filled about the same time, and its officers were : Captain, Henry A. Durivage of Boston ; first lieutenant, Solon A. Perkins; second lieutenant, Reuben F. Yeaton, both of Lowell. The two latter companies were organized December 27, 1861, and on the 2d of January the three companies M'ent aboard the Constitution under orders for Ship Island, off the Mississippi coast, where the forces of General Butler v^'ere to ren- dezvous; but the weather being cold the transport remained in Bos- ton Harbor till the 13th. Sailing then to Hampton Roads, a stop 768 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. was made there till the early days of February, Ship Island being- reached on the 12th. There the three companies were by order of General Phelps, commanding the post, organized as a battalion, with Captain Read acting as major, and this organization continued till the division of the forces on the island into three brigades, when the battalion organization was dissolved and one company was at- tached to each brigade. ^ The First Company was among the first troops to land at New Orleans, and in that city or its vicinity much of its time was passed during the year that followed, the company forming part of the garrison. It was most of the time at Camp Williams, at Carroll- ton, but on several occasions made extended excursions into the surrounding country. The Second Company remained on Ship Island till the 21st of May, when it was ordered to New Orleans, and soon after joined the brigade at Baton Rouge, taking part in the battle there, and in various reconnaissances and skirmishes, in which during the summer a loss was sustained of two men killed and six wounded, two mortally. First Lieutenant Charles J. Batchelder of Lynn died of disease, September 9, 1862. After the evacuation of Baton Rouge the company returned to New Orleans, and was thenceforth much of the time attached to Weitzel's Brigade, for which it performed in an admirable manner the various duties re- quired of a cavalry force. The Third Company had the misfortune at the outset of its active career to lose its captain, who was acci- dentally drowned in the Mississippi river April 23, 1862; the vacancy was filled by the promotion of Lieutenant Jonathan E. Cowen of the First Company, but as he was at home on sick leave, the company remained for many months under command of Lieu- tenant Perkins, who discharged the duties in a manner to win high compliments from his superior officers. His company was most of the time posted at or near Plaquemine, and was frequently in action, though meeting no serious loss till the spring of 1863, shortly be- fore the consolidation, when it had three men killed and some wounded, most of the loss being at Bayou Jack in May, though Lieutenant Perkins was killed at Clinton June 2, the day on which First Lieutenant Pickering D. Allen of Salem of the First Company was killed at Brash car City. In the consolidation, the companies of the Forty-first Regiment retained their original letters ; the Second Company was designated THE THIRD CAVALBY. 700 L and the Third ^I, ^vhile the First received no letter, as the rep:i- ment consisted of lo c(jniijanies, hut continued to be known as "Read's Company." Under the new organization the roster of offi- cers was revolutionized. Colonel Chickering continued in com- nunid, but those immediately associated with him were: Lieuten- ant colonel, Lorenzo D. Sargent; majors, John F. Vinal, James Magee, Jonathan E. Cowen. Lieutenant Colonel Wass had early in the year been transferred back to the Nineteenth Massachusetts Infantry. A multitude of changes naturally occurred among the ofliccrs of lower grade ; in fact few regiments with the same term of service had as many changes in the roster of officers from j)ro- motions, transfers, and the like. Very soon after the transformation to a cavalry regiment, Major Cowen was transferred to a command of colored troops, his place in the Third being filled by the promotion of Captain S. Tyler Read to be major. Chaplain Lane resigned in August, and his place was not filled till near the close of the war. The regiment remained at Port Hudson until the close of the year 1863, very actively engaged in such duties as naturally fell to a cavalry force, guarding trains, collecting forage, scouting and escort. Numerous collisions with the enemy occurred during this time, more or less serious, the more important being on the 3d of August, at Jack- son, La., when the regiment had four men killed, and on the 30th of November at Plains Store, when four or five were killed, as many wounded and five captured. Early in 1804 preparations for the Red River campaign began, and the Third, reporting to General A. L. Lee, chief of cavalry of the Department of the Gulf, were assigned to the Fourth Cavalry Brigade, the other regiments of which were the Second New Hampshire and Second Illinois Cavalry, with the Tliirty-lirst Massachusetts Mounted Infantry. The brigade was commanded by Colonel N. A. M. Dudley of the Thirtieth Massa- chusetts, and the Third by Lieutenant Colonel Sargent in the al)sencc of Colonel Chickering. The regiment reached Brashear City on the 18th of March, and continuing the movement by Avay of Franklin, Newtown and Ope- lousas, arrived on the 20th within six miles of Alexandria on the Red river where it joined the force under General A. J. Smith which had taken possession of that place and was to join the army under Banks. Next morning the regiment was sent forward to Henderson's Hill, where a force under General Mower had en- 770 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. countered the enemy, and while three companies under Major Ma- gee led a flank movement to the Confederate rear and left, the others took post at the right to cut off the retreat of the foe. The attack resulted in the capture of the position, with four pieces of artillery and a complete regiment of infantry, the Third guarding the captures during the night and next morning taking them to the rear. After some further service the regiment returned to its bri- gade on the 23d and took part in the advance of the army during the following days. Cane river was crossed on the 30th, the enemy falling back to Natchitoches after some skirmishing. The Third were on picket that night, being attacked at daylight and repulsing the assailants, but with a loss of 13 wounded. The first week of April was full of severe duty — marching and skirmishing — of which the lion's share fell to the cavalry ; but the regiment met no serious loss till the 8th, when it took an important part in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads. The Confederates had made a stand in force at that point, and in the advance of the morn- ing the Third led on the left of the Mansfield road, fighting its way till the main body of the enemy was descried. The regiment then attempted to capture the Confederate skirmish line, and charged unsupported into a most critical position, the skill of its officers only saving it from a dangerous flanking movement. Falling back to the supporting line, it again advanced to its former position, de- ploying Companies D and M as skirmishers, and under orders to hold their ground the brave fellows fought the superior numbers of the enemy as the latter in turn advanced, the men falling back and again facing to the front five or six times during the long afternoon hours, and repeatedly emptying their carbines and revolvers into the dense masses of the foe. Toward the close of the afternoon the brigade was flanked and ordered to fall back, and at night the regiment retired to Pleasant Hill, its loss during the day having been 73 men, nine of whom were killed, and 157 horses. The Third were not engaged in the battle of Pleasant Hill on the 9th, being detached on train guard and duty at the flanks ; but on the 12th escorted a flag of truce with three wagons loaded with supplies for the Federal wounded within the Confederate lines. The Union army had now fallen back to Grand Ecore, where it remained till the 21st, though the cavalry took the field two days previous to feel the way for the retreat of General Banks and his forces TIIK TlfTRJ) CAVALRY. 771 down the river. For several days following, until and after the battle of Cane River, the Fourth Brigade — Colonel E. J. Davis of the First Texas Cavalry having succeeded Colonel Dudley in the command — skirmished and fought, driving the enemy before it and clearing the way for the general column, and after the battle taking- post on Henderson Hill, which was held till the Union army had passed. The loss of the Third Regiment in these continued en- gagements had been but two or three wounded. The Union army having ])asscd, the brigade took position in the rear, skirmishing continually with the closely following Confederates. On the 25th, General Banks having reached Alexandria, the cavalry established a picket line some seven miles from the city, and the following day fell back to a stronger position, two miles nearer the city, the entire line of outposts being composed of the Third Massachusetts under command of Lieutenant Colonel Sargent. Soon after daylight a de- termined attack was made by the Confederates which developed into a sharp fight, the Third holding their position until noon, repeatedly ex- hausting their ammunition. Some artillery Avas brought up on both sides, and the Confederates wxre finally repulsed, when the regiment was relieved and retired to Alexandria, its loss having been slight. The brigade crossed Red river on the 29th and marched some 20 miles to the north, where it encountered Quantrell's notorious band and had a sharp engagement on the 1st of May, soon after starting on its return. The enemy were routed by a determined charge, the loss to the Third being four men killed and six wounded. The army resumed its movement down the river on the 9th, and again the Third formed the rear guard much of the time, with frequent skirmishing. One man was killed and two wounded on the 15th, and another conliict occurred on the 18tli at Bayou de Glaize, also known as Simmsport, Yellow Bayou, and Calhoun Station. The latter became a general engagement, during which the Third charged and scattered a column of hostile infantry, its loss in the battle being two killed and 12 wounded ; 39 horses also being lost. The army under General Banks then continued its way to Morganzia on the Mississippi, where it rested after its disastrous campaign. There was a respite of a few weeks for the weary soldiers of the Third, when they were called to a different scene of action. The regiment was dismounted on the 25th of .Tune and armed as infantry for temporary service, being ordered to Algiers on the 3d of July. 772 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Camping there for a short time, the command sailed on the 15th for Fortress Monroe to report to General Grant, seven companies on the General Lyon under Lieutenant Colonel Sargent and the balance of the regiment on the E. L. Clark under Major Read. The former detachment was first to reach its destination, being ordered at once to Washington, and on reporting to General Halleck being directed to join that part of the Nineteenth Corps which under General Emory was operating against the Confederates under Gen- eral Early in Maryland. At night of the 28th the regiment re- ported at Chain Bridge, but the following afternoon returned to Washington and took cars for Monocacy, where it went into camp ; but it was not till the 15th of August that the companies under Major Read arrived. The Third had now become a part of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Nineteenth Corps, regiments of the brigade being in addition the Thirteenth Connecticut, One Hundred and Thirty-first and One Hundred and Fifty-ninth New York, Eleventh Indiana and Twenty-second Iowa. Colonel E. L. Molineux commanded the brigade and General Cuvier Grover the division. Various changes had occurred or were about to occur in the field roster of the Third which may here be noted. Major Magee had resigned from the 6th of August, and was followed September 1 by Colonel Chickering. The vacancies thus created were in due time filled by the promotion of Lieutenant Colonel Sargent (who had long been in actual command of the regiment) to be colonel, Major Vinal to be lieutenant colonel, and Captains Bunker and Noyes to be majors. Meantime the regiment participated in the various movements of the Army of the Shenandoah up and down the Valley in the stra- tegic contest with General Early, but without notable engagement till the important battle of the Opequan on the 19th of September. In that action the Third with its brigade formed part of the first line and shared in the charge which at first pressed back the oppos- ing forces. The check to the Union arms due to the breaking of the connection between the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps carried the regiment back, but twice again during the day did it join in a de- termined charge, sharing in the final victorious result, though at a heavy cost; of some 600 taken into action, it lost 101 officers and men, 18 of whom were killed and the remainder wounded or miss- ing. Among the slain were Second Lieutenants Jasper A. Glidden of Lawrence and John H. Pool of Randolph. The command fol- TUB rriIRD CAVALRY. 773 lowed the retreating- Confederates to Fisher's Hill, and had part in the action there on the 22d, losing two killed and as many wounded in the final charge which drove Early from his chosen position. Then followed an all-night pursuit of the retreating foe, continued during the following days till the Union army on the 26th reached Hai-risonbui-g and went into camp. On the 29th the regiment with its division advanced to Mount Crawford to destroy Confederate sup])li('s in that vicinity, returning to the main body next day, and on tlie (itli of October beginning the retrograde movement to Cedar Creek, where a halt was made on the lOtli. Intrenchmcnts were thrown up there, and the position was held till the battle of the 19th of October. Fortunately for the regi- ment, its brigade had been ordered to make a reconnaissance that morning, and after a very early breakfast it was standing in line, ready to set forth, when the unexpected attack from the rebels fell on the Eighth Corps, very soon involving the Nineteenth. With ■the Iowa regiment of the brigade, the Third were soon ordered to support a battery at the left, and Avere thus separated from the corps till near the middle of the afternoon. Being repeatedly obliged to fall back, they did so, fighting heroically, now with the Eighth Ccrjis and anon with the Sixth, opposing the advance of the enemy wherever a stand could be nuide. The regiment rejoined its bri- gade at 2 o'clock, constructing a breastwork of rails, and when another attack was made by the enemy, it was not only repulsed but a counter charge was made, in which the Third took part, driv- ing the discomfited Southrons back through and past the camps from which the Unionists had been so unceremoniously routed in the morning. These were reoccupied that night by the Third in common with the other regiments, but the battalion line had been seriously shortened by the events of the day, the total loss of the regiment being 77, five of whom were killed, the rest being wounded or missing. Second Lieutenant Lyman James of Boston died of his wounds on the lith of December, The regiment remained in camji near the scene of the battle till the IHli of November, when it marched to the Opequan Creek, some two miles from "Winchester, where strong earthworks Avere built and log huts suitable for winter quarters constructed. But a large part of the force which had served in the Valley was withdrawn to other fields of usefulness, and the Third soon left their comfortable cab- 774 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. ins. The regiment marched on tlie 26th of December to the railway station where it took a train for Harper's Ferr}^, escorting a quantity of artillery , and from the Ferry marched through deep snow and mud and intense cold, making a terribly trying journey, to Remount Camp in Pleasant Valley, Md., where it arrived on the 28th and again began the work of preparing winter quarters. When these were completed the regiment was comfortably settled and remained so till the middle of February, 1865, when the horses for remount- ing arrived, and within a few days a cavalry organization was re- sumed. Among other equipments a fine set of Massachusetts colors were received, marked with the battles of the regiment. The movements of the spring campaign, so far as the Third Mas- sachusetts Cavalry were concerned, began on the 24th of February, when they marched for Dufifield Station, Va., remained on duty there for a few days and then proceeded to Winchester, where they reported to General Chapman on the 1st of March and encamped at Camp Averell near the town, till the 20th of April, sending out many parties on scouting expeditions. On the 12th of March Colonel Sargent resigned on account of disability, the command being taken two weeks later by Colonel Burr Porter, formerly of the Fortieth Massachusetts Regiment. On the 20th of April the Third marched toward Washington, via Jeffersonville, Harper's Ferry and Frederick City, encamping at Falls Church on the 22d. While the regiment remained in camp there further changes in its composition occurred. About the close of the previous year the three original Independent Companies had finished their term of enlistment and been mustered out, and their place had been taken by two companies of one-year troops formed from the surplus en- listments for the battalion of Frontier Cavalry raised in Massachu- setts about that time. On the 20th of May the original members of the Forty-first Regiment were ordered mustered out and left for home. The regiment joined Sheridan's Cavalry Corps at Bladens- burg two days later, took part in the grand review at Washington on the 23d, and on the 29th marched by way of Alexandria to Cloud's Mills. There it remained till the 14th of June, when camp was broken under orders for St. Louis, Mo. Going by way of Par- kersl)urg and Cincinnati, the regiment reached its destination on the 20th, but the day following took steamer for Fort Leavenworth, Kan., where it encamped on the 25th. The horses were soon after THE THIRD CAVA LEY. 775 turned over to the Fourth Michiizan cavalry, and on the 31st of July the Third were reduced to a battalion of six companies. Several officers were mustered out on account of this change, including Colonel Porter, Major Noyes and Surgeon Leavitt. Lieutenant Colonel Vinal was absent from the command at the time and did not again return to active duty with it, being honorably discharged on the 18th of August. Major Frederick G. Pope was in command of the battalion during its service as such, his companies being designated by the first six letters and commanded respectively by Cai)lains W.'m. Gifford, J. A. Comerford, D. P. Muzzey, Charles Stone, M. V. Barney and First Lieutenant J. H. Hilton. As soon as the reorganization was completed fresh horses were drawn, and on the 24th of July Major Pope received orders to report with his command to General Dodge at Fort Kearney, Neb. Provided with 25 days' rations and forage the battalion set out over miserable roads on the 27th, and the 16th of August arrived at the Fort, weary with the tedious jaunt. After resting till the 24th the battalion was ordered to Julcsburg, Colorado, starting at noon, but on the 28th, at Cottonwood Springs, received orders to return to Fort Kearney, thence to go to Fort Leavenworth for mus- ter out. This was no unwelcome order, and the battalion, moving Avilli alacrity, reported at Fort Kearney on the 1st of September. There the best of the horses were turned in, and on the 8th the march was resumed for Fort Leavenworth, the dismounted men being transported in wagons. The mounted men reached that post on the 18th, the wagons- coming in five days later, and the gov- ernment property pertaining to the command was surrendered, the final papers were made, and the battalion was mustered out of the United States service on the 28th setting out the next day for Boston. The homeward journey was by way of Chicago and De- troit and the Great Western Railroad, by which the command passed through what was then known as Canada West — the only case, it is believed, where a body of American soldiers entered the British possessions in connection with the wa^. Boston was reached on the 5th of October, and three days later the men were i)aid off and discharged from Callop's Island, having been in service more than 35 months from the time of muster in of the Forty-lirst Regiment. During that time the regiment had traveled 15,000 miles and taken part in more than 30 engagements. THE FOURTH CAVALRY. THE Fourth Regiment of Cavalry was organized as such in accordance with orders from the War Department, dated February 12, 1864, consolidating the Independent Battalion of Massachusetts Cavalry then in South Carolina under General Gilmore with the First Veteran Battalion then being formed in Mas- sachusetts. Lieutenant Colonel Arnold A. Rand, formerly captain in the First Cavalry Regiment, under whom the battalion was being recruited, was made colonel, and by the first of March the differ- ent companies or squadrons had been filled and mustered — the First Battalion being still stationed in South Carolina, and commanded by Major Stevens. The original roster of officers follows: — Colonel, Arnold A. Eand of Boston ; lieutenant colonel, Francis Washburn of Lancaster; majors, Atherton H. Stevens of Cambridge, David B. Keith of Boston and Louis Cabot of Brookline; surgeon, Frederick W. Mercer of Boston; assistant surgeons, Edward Russell of Quincy and Jolm H. McGregor of Needham; cliaplain, Albei't Z. Gray of New York City; quartermasters, John D. B. Goddard of Bos- ton, Preserved Bullock of New Bedford and Benjamin Thomas of Hingham; sergeant major, Leon H. Kendrick of Lincoln; quarter- master sergeant, AVarren A. Fuller of Worcester; commissary sergeant, Allen F. Belcher of Foxboro; hospital steward, Henry Viall of Paw- tucket; chief bugler, Henry T. Daggett of South Weymouth. Company A — Captain. Charles A. Keith of Boston; first lieutenant, Charles E. Thomas of Maiden; second lieutenant, William Chickering of Dedham. Company B — Captain, George R. Hurlbut; first lieutenant, Joseph C. Brotherson, both of New Bedford; second lieutenant, James E. MulHgan of Boston. Company C — Captain, Edwin B. Staples of Blackstone; first lieu- tenant, Henry G. Dorr of Brookline; second lieutenant, George F. Davis of San Francisco, Cal. Company D — Captain, Joseph W. Morton of Quincy; first lieuten- ant, John L. Perley of Newburyport; second lieutenant, Edwin R. Sterling of San Francisco, Cal. THE FO UIl TH CAVALR T. 777 Company E — Captain, Frederick II. Rand of Boston; first lieuten- ant, Edgar W. Coodnow of llaveriiill; second lieutenant, John H. Carter of Watertown. Company F — Captain, Joseph I. Baker of Boston; first lieutenant, Pliilip Dolan of Concord; second lieutenant, Ammi li. Mitchell of Roxbury. Company G — Captain, Edward T. Bouve; first lieutenant, John A. Caldwell of Lowell; second lieutenant, II. Walworth Smith of North- ampton. Company II — Captain, Albert F. Ray of Haverhill; first lieutenant, James Miller of Salem; second lieutenant, William N. Percy of San Francisco, Cal. Company I — Captain., Lucius Richmond of North Bridgewater; first lieutenant, Charles V. Holt of Cambridge; second lieutenant, Henry M. Piiillips of Springfield. Company K— Ca[)tain. James H. Case of Bridgcwater; first lieuten- ant, Charles 0. Phillips of Deerfield; second lieutenant, Sheldon Leavitt, Jr., of Great Barrington. Company L — Captain, Moses F. Webster of Boston; first lieutenant, Orson 0. Baxter of Waltham (died as second lieutenant at Williams- burg, Va. , October 14-, 1864:, not having been mustered); second lieu- tenant, Joseph II. Lathrop of Dcdham. Company M — Ca])tain, Lucius H. Morrill of New Bedford; first lieutenant, Thomas Miles of Waltham; second lieutenant, William T. Soulc of New Bedford. The four companies of the Second Battalion, Major Keith, sailed on the 20th of jMarch by the transport steamer Western Metropolis for Hilton Head, S. C, reaching there on the Ist of April. On the 23d the same steamer left Boston with the remainder of the rcgi. mcnt, — the Third Battalion under Major Cabot and 150 recruits for the old First Battalion. On reaching Hilton Head the Third Bat- talion was ordered to return to Fortress JNIonroe and report to Gen- eral Butler, which was done, the command encamping at Newport News on the 3d of May. Five days later the First Battalion arrived from the south and debarked at Bermuda Hundred under command of Captain Richmond. It was immediately put into service in the movements of the Array of the James from the 9th to the 16th of May, ending with the disastrous battle of Drewry's Bluff, the bat- talion losing but two men wounded during the week. From the 9th to the 16th of June the battalion took part in the cavalry opera- tions against Petersburg, having one killed and two wounded. The Third Battalion moved from Newport News to City Point, Va., on the 23d of May, and the regimental head-quarters were established at the latter place, Companies E and H being detailed 778 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. on the 16th of June for duty at head-quarters of the Eighteenth Corps. Five days later head-quarters were removed to Bermuda Hundred, and August 15 the six companies remaining under the immediate command of Colonel Rand were attached to head-quarters of the Tenth Army Corps at Hatchers. From that time to the 20th the regiment was engaged in the operations north of the James river, covering the recrossing to the south side on the latter date. On the 23d Company G- was detached for duty at Yorktown, and on the 24th the remaining companies with the Tenth Corps occupied the position in front of Petersburg formerly held by the Eighteenth Corps. A week later Company M was detailed to Harrison's Landing. Four companies only remained at head-quarters, and these accompanied the movements to the north of the James from September 28 to October 5 and again on the 27th and 28th of October, "Early in November a detachment commanded by Captain Richmond made an incursion under the provost marshal of the Tenth Corps into Charles City and Henrico counties, arresting suspected persons and securing horses and cattle. Meanwhile the Second Battalion remained in the Department of the South under command of Major Keith, with head-quarters at Hilton Head. Two companies set out under command of Captain Keith on the 22d of May to ascend the Ashepoo river, but one of the transports grounded in the night within range of the enemy's batteries, when it was fired and abandoned, the expedition return- ing to camp with the loss of 74 horses. A smaller detachment took part in the expedition to John's Island on the 1st of July, and in the various skirmishes there from the 2d to the 9th lost one man killed and two wounded. Previous to this, on the 6th of June two companies under Captain Morton had sailed for Jacksonville, Fla., going into camp there until the early part of August, when they took part in the expedition to Palatka. In the skirmish on the 6th and the engagement at Gainsville on the 17th the command suffered a loss of six killed and 50 taken prisoners, including three officers. On the 17th of October Major Keith resigned on account of disabil- ity, and the vacancy was filled by the promotion of Captain Webster. To complete the record of the Second Battalion, it may be said that while well occupied with the manifold duties pertaining to cavalry, it was not heavily engaged in action after the battle of Oainesville. The two companies at Hilton Head encamped at De- THE FOURTH CAVALRY. 779 veau Neck in the autumu, and remained there through the winter. In April, 18155, they took part in various slight engagements with the enemy during an expedition through the central part of South Carolina from the 8th to the 20th of the month. The detachment in Florida also crossed sabers with the foe on the 4th of February at Picolata Road, but no casualties of note were sustained. Colonel Rand resigned on the 3d of February, as Major Cabot had done on the 17th ot January, and to fill the vacancies thus created Lieutenant Colonel Washburn was promoted to colonel, Horatio Jenkins, Jr., of Chelsea was made lieutenant colonel, Henry B. Scott of Framingham and Captain Baker were commissioned majors. At the opening of the spring campaign two companies each were at the head-(iuarters of the Twenty-fourth and Twenty- fifth Corj^s, and three conn)anies, I, L and M, with Colonel "Wash- burn v.ere at the head-quarters of General Ord, commanding the Army of the James. Companies E and H with the Twenty-fifth Corps were the first troo})s to enter Richmond after its evacuation on the morning of April 3, and their guidons were hoisted over what had so lately been the capitol of the southern confederacy. But it remained for Colonel Washburn and his three companies to achieve the crowning glory of the regiment at High Bridge on the Gth. This force, numbering 13 officers and 07 men, was sent from the array head-quarters at Burkesville early on the morning of that day, supported by two small infantry regiments, to hold High Bridge, 18 miles distant, over which it was feared the Confederate army would cross the Appomattox. The expedition was commanded by Brevet Brigadier General Theodore Read of General Ord's staff. Leaving the infantry at the bridge, which was reached about noon, the cavalry pushed on some two miles further, till they met a superior force of Confederate cavalry with artillery. Falling back to the bridge. Colonel Washburn found the infantry there already attacked by the cavalry advance of Lee's army under Generals Rosser and Fitz Hugh Lee, and with a bravery worthy of all renown the gallant band delivered battle against the overwhelming odds. Twice did the cavalry cut its way through the surrounding hosts, but the infantry could not escape, and a third time did Colonel Washburn hurl his handful against the enveloping lines. During the struggle which ensued that noble officer was mortally wounded; General Read had been killed, and eight of the 12 officers of the Fourth engaged were 780 MAS.SACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. killed or wounded. But the importauce of the delay which the heroic sacrifice had secured can scarcely be overestimated ; it had enabled General Sheridan and the Sixth Corps to fall on the Confederate rear guard and practically destroy it at Sailor's Creek, and General Ord to bring' his battalions within striking distance of the escaping army. The little band of the Fourth Cavalry had been almost annihilated. Captains William T. Hodges and John D. B. Goddard and First Lieutenant George F. Davis were killed outright, and their followers were with few exceptions killed, wounded or captured ; but the sur- vivors knew that their daring had much to do with the final sur- render of Lee's entire army less than three days later. Lieutenant Colonel Jenkins was promoted to the colonelcy vacated by the death of Colonel Washburn on the 22d, and the various detachments of the regiment were gathered at Richmond after the close of hostili- ties, where they remained on duty during the summer and autumn, being mustered out of the national service on the 14th of Novem- ber. Returning to Gallop's Island, Boston Harbor, the regiment encamj)ed there till the 2Gth, when it was paid off and discharged. In addition to the loss of officers above noted, Lieutenant Perley died November 15, 1864, THE FIFTH CAVALRY, THE Fifth Cavalry Regiment, composed of colored men, was organized during the autumn of 1863 and the following win- ter; hut the first company. A, was not ready for muster until the 9th of January, 18G4; three other companies were mustered on the 29th, E on the 10th of February, F on the 23d ; three companies were filled during March, and two in April, but it was not till the 5th of May that Company M was ready for the mustering oflicer. On that day the First Battalion of four companies under Major Weld left camp en route to Washington ; the Second Battalion fol- lowed next day under command of Major Adams, and the Third Battalion, Majoi* Bowditch, on the 8th. The organization at this time numbered 930 officers and men, the commissions issued being as follows: — Colouel, Henry S. Russell of Boston; majors, Horace N. Weld of Belmont, Zal)diel B. Adams of California and Henry P. Bowditch of Boston; surgeon, George S. Osborne of Danvers; assistant surgeons, Samuel Ingalls of Melrose and Frederick H. Parker of East Corinth, Me.; adjutant, James S. K^cAvell; quarternuistcr, Wiusor Hatch, 2d; sergeant major, Alfred Froman, all of Boston; quartermaster sergeant, John Grayson of Worcester; commissary sergeant, William H. .lacobs of North Brooktield ; hospital steward, George Whitzel ; i)rincipal musician, William W. (Jardnur. both of Boston. Company A — Captain, Albert R. Howe of Boston; first lieutenant, Andrew Chapman ; second lieutenant, Henry S. Hinckley of North- ampton. Company B — Captain, Charles C. Parsons of Cambridge; first lieu- tenant, Charles E. Allan of Louisville, Ky.; second lieutenant, Charles P. AYlieeler of Concord. Company C — Ca})tain, Cyrus E. Emery of Roxbury; first lieuten- ant, John Anderson of San Francisco; second lieutenant, George B. Farnsworth of Roxbury. Company 1) — Captain, Horace B. Welch of San Francisco; first lieutenant, Jacob B. Cook; second lieutenant, Robert M. Higginson, both of Boston. 7S2 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Company E — Captain, Charles P. Bowditcli of Boston; first lieu- tenant, Edward H. Adams; second lieutenant, G-eorge A. Fisher of Cambridge. Company F — Captain, Francis L. Higginson of Boston; first lieu- tenant, Abner F. Mallory; second lieutenant. Carter W. Whittemore of Boston. Company G — Captain, Hiram E. W. Clark of New Salem; first lieu- tenant, Edgar M. Blanch of Pennsylvania; second lieutenant, Eienzi Loud. Company H — First lieutenant, J. Davenport Fisher of Boston; second lieutenant, George A. Kogers of Eoxbury. Company I — Captain, Peter J. Eooney; first "lieutenant, Patrick T. Jackson; second lieutenant, John G. S. White, all of Boston. Company K — Captain, Erik Wullf of Boston ; first lieutenant, George D. Odell; second lieutenant, Abram 0. Swain of Boston. Company L — Captain, James L. AVheat of Roxbury; first lieutenant, Francis L. Gil man of New Bedford; second lieutenant, Curt Gurds- dorfp of San Francisco. Company M — Captain, Cornelius Kaler of Bradford; first lieuten- ant, George F. Wilson; second lieutenant, Robert M. Parker, both of San Francisco. The various battalions as they reached Washington reported at Camp Casey, near Fort Albany, on the Virginia side of the Potomac, some two miles from Long Bridge, Colonel Russell being placed in command of a provisional brigade of colored troops assembling there for instruction and discipline. The Third Battalion had been in camp only two days, however, when the regiment was ordered to report to General Butler at Fortress Monroe, reaching City Point on the 16th of May, where the regiment formed part of the Third Division, Eighteenth Corps. Being armed as infantry, the com- mand was industriously drilled in that branch of tactics, performing guard and picket duty meantime, and taking part in various expedi- tions. These were without serious engagement or loss till the 15th of June, when the division, under command of General E. W. Hincks, moved toward Petersburg and the battle of Baylor's Farm was fought. This was the only conflict in which the Fifth took an active part, and its loss was not severe, being three killed and 19 wounded, — but among the latter w^ere Colonel Russell and Major Adams, leaving the regiment under command of Major Bowditch. During the latter portion of the 15th the command was in sup- port of a battery, and the following day was held in reserve. It then crossed the Appomattox to Point of Rocks and was temporarily assigned to the Tenth Corps, where the detachment which had been THE FIFTH CA VALRY. Tn3 absent under Major Weld rejoined the main body, and on the 19th the re.irimcnt returned to the Third Division, Eiu-hteenth Corps, l)e- coming part of General Wild's Brijiade. Most of the remainder of the month was passed in picket duty on the north side of the Appomattox, where Ilincks's Division relieved troops of the Tenth Corps, but toward the close of the month the regiment was assigned to duty at Point Lookout, Md., as garrison for the cam]) of Con- federate prisoners of war at that place. Arriving there on the 1st of July, the regiment remained dui-ing the balance of the year, being at the lirst under command of Major Weld. Major iVdams returned to duty on the 16th of August; Lieutenant Colonel Charles F. Adams of Quincy, having been commissioned and mustered, ar- rived at the camp on the 8th of September and took the command, which he turned over to Colonel Russell on the 30th, when that oflker reported for duty, and the regiment for the fii'st time had its full comj)lement of Held officers present. ■ Colonel Russell retained the command till the 14th of February, 186"), when he resigned. Lieutenant Colonel Adams and Major Weld were promoted to colonel and lieutenant colonel respectively, and Captain Albert R. Howe was made junior major. With this ecjuijiment of officers the regiment took the field for the closing cam- paign of the war, and were on duty in front of Petersburg till the fall of that stronghold, and subsequently encamped in the vicinity till sometime in June, when ordered to Texas. Colonel Adams, being prostrated by sickness, was obliged to resign August 1, having been absent for some time, and the vacancy was filled by the pro- motion of Lieutenant Colonel Samuel E. Chamberlain, late in com- mand of the portion of the First Massachusetts Cavalry remaining in the field till that time. Colonel Chamberlain at once joined his new command, which had been heavily taxed in the construction of fortifications, and like work, and was suffering severely in health. He warmly interested himself in the welfare of his men, and an im- provement in their sanitary condition was soon apparent. The pros- pect of complications with the French troops in Mexico having dis- appeared, the regiment was finally mustered out of the United States service on the 31st of October, 1865, and set out for Massachusetts, making most of the journey by steamer; on reaching Boston it went into camp at Gallop's Island where it remained till late in Novem- ber, when the men were paid and discharged. THE FRONTIER CAVALRY. THE First Battalion of Frontier Cavalry was recruited during December, 1864, for one year, and consisted of five companies. It was organized to operate on the Canada frontier, across which it was feared predatory incursions might be made by the large number of Confederates and their sympathizers who had gathered in that country. The companies filled rapidly — in fact when the number required had been obtained some 300 recruits remained at the camp in Readville, which after some discussion with the Wash- ington authorities were organized into companies and attached to the Third Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment in the field. The five com- panies of the Battalion were mustered into service December 30, 1864, and January 2, 1865, the officers in commission at that time being as follows : — Major, Burr Porter of New York City; captains, Charles E. Eice of Brighton, Charles W. C. Rhoades, Frederick H. Rand and Horatio N. Dallas of Boston; first lieutenants, William F. Rice of Brighton, Charles B. Leathe of Reading and Charles G. Cox of Boston; second lieutenants, William H. Jones of Roxbury, Frank W. Hayden of South Reading, Albert E. Matthews of Milford, Albert H. Tirrell of Bos- ton and Charles E. Bowers of Concord. The battalion left the state soon after being mustered, joining two battalions which had been raised in New York, the regiment thus formed Ijcing known as the Twenty-sixth New York Cavalry. It performed the duty for which it was organized till the close of the war and the establishing of peace put an end to all apprehension of invasion from the north, being mustered out June 30, 1865. Major Porter was on the 14th of March, 1865, transferred to the Third Massachusetts Cavalry, of which he was made colonel. THE FIRST BATTERY. THE First Battery, as it afterward became known, was at the opening of the war a militia organization, called the Boston Light Artillery, or Cook's Battery. As such it had the honor of being the only artillery command sent from Massachusetts for three months' service. The original call did not contemplate a bat- tery from the Commonwealth, but when tidings of the assault on the Sixth Regiment in Baltimore reached Boston, Governor Andrew promptly complied with the request of General Butler, then at Phila- delphia, that Major Cook's Battery be sent forward. It was mid- night of Ajoril 19, 18G1, when the telegraph brought the request; messengers were at once sent to communicate the tidings to the ofiicers, who in turn hastened to rouse the sleeping men. Before night of the 20th everything was reported in readiness; at 10 o'clock that evening the six brass six-pounder guns, with ten tons of ammunition and 70 horses, had been shipped by way of Worces- ter; the command had a farewell feast at the Cornhill Hotel, marching to the depot sometime after midnight, where they waited till early morning of the 21st, when they departed on the train carrying the Fifth Regiment. The battery was officered, as follows, under the ^lassachusetts regulations : — Major, Asa M. Cook of Somerville; adjutant, Frederick A. Heath; quartermaster, Thomas J. Foss; surgeon, John P. Ordway, all of Bos- ton; assistant surgeon, F. Le Baron ^louroe of Medway: first lieuten- ant, Josiah Porter of North Cambridge; second lieutenant, William H. McCartney; third lieutenant, Caleb C. E. Mortimer; fourth lieu- tenant, Robert L. Sawin, all of Boston. New York was reached at evening of the following day and the eomniand boarded the steamer De Soto, on Avhich it sailed for Fort- ress Monroe, arriving there at noon of the 23d. The battery was at once ordered to Annapolis, where it debarked the following day, 786 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. being quartered in the Naval School buildino- till the 4th of May. It then marched to Relay House, and went into camp, where it remained during most of its term. It was mustered into the United States service on the 18th by Lieutenant H. S. Putnam of the regular army, and on the 13th of June, with the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, was ordered to Baltimore for duty during the city election. That event having passed, it returned to Relay House, but was almost immediately ordered to Camp Clare in the outskirts of the city, and on the 30th into the city proper, part encamping on Monument Square and the remainder being quartered at the Custom House. The company returned to Camp Clare on the 10th of July and passed the remainder of its term without incident, being requested at its expiration on the 26th by General Dix to remain through the month, which it was unanimously voted to do. The command was mustered out of service on the 2d of August, reaching Boston the next day and being welcomed with a military parade and a speech from Mayor Wightman. THE three-years' TERM. The First Battery had scarcely returned from its three-months' term when its reorganization for three years was begun. Its new list of officers, corresponding to the requirements of the United States service, were commissioned on the 23d of August, 1861, and four days later the command rendezvoused at Camp Cameron, Cam- bridge. The first muster-in occurred the 28th, and early in Septem- ber the ranks were full, though it was not till the 3d of October that it received orders to proceed to Washington. It at once set forth with 150 men, 125 horses, two rifled and two smooth six-pounders and two 12-pound howitzers, with complete equipment. At Wash- ington, however, the six-pounders were exchanged for ten-pounder JParrott guns. The roster of officers was as follows: — Captain, Josiah Porter of Cambridge ; first lieutenants, William H. McCartney and Jacob Henry Sleeper; second lieutenants, Jacob Federhen and Robert L. Sawin; sergeant major, Joseph W. B. Wright; quartermaster sergeant, John B. McCartney, all of Boston. On reaching Washington the battery was assigned to Camp Dun- can on Capitol Hill, remaining there till after the general review of cavalry and artillery a few weeks later, in which the command won especial commendation. It then joined General Franklin's Division THE FIRST BATTERY. 7S7 and crossed into Virtrinia. locatiniz- near Fairfax Seminary. There it remained until the opening- of the Peninsular campaitrn the follow- ing spring, when it advanced into Virginia under General McDowell — of whose First Corps the division formed a part. About the middle of April the division was ordered to the York river to co-operate with General McClellan, but a landing was not effected till after the evacuation of Yorktown by the Confederates, Avhcn the battery was put ashore at West Point and went into position for its first ac- tion, its fire being delivered with admirable precision and coolness. The battery remained a part of Franklin's Division and shared in its movements until the organization of the Sixth Corjis. when it was attached to the First Division of the new command, with whose history it was thenceforth identified. During the Peninsular canii)aign it took part inthe })!ittles of Mechanicsville, Gaines Mills, Charles City Cross Roads and Malvern Hill but fortunately without severe loss ; it had two men killed at the Cross Roads, and at Gaines .Mills two or three were wounded, and as many captured. After the battle of Malvern Hill, the comj)any went into camp at Harri- son's Landing, and remained there until the Army of the Potomac was called northward to the assistance of General Pope. As the movements of the battery were identical with those of the Sixth Corps, they need not be specified, further than to say that the com- mand was in action at Crampton's Pass and Burkittsville, but with- out loss. It was not actively engaged at the battle of Antietam, and afterward encamj)ed for some weeks near Downsville, Md. During this time Captain Porter resigned, Lieutenant McCartney was i)romoted to captain, and Lieutenant Sleeper was commissioned captain of the Tenth ^Massachusetts Light I>attery, the second lieu- tenants being promoted to first, and their places being filled by the commissioning of ^lilbrey Green of Roxbury and George 0. Manning of West Roxbury. The battery shared in the nuirch toward Fredericksburg during November, crossed the river below that city on the 12th of Decem- ber, went into position in front of the Bernard Mansion near the left of the Union lines, and was heavily engaged during the fighting of the 13th, its smooth bore guns being served Avitli such efficiency as to receive commendation on the field from General Franklin com- manding the left grand division of the army. During this engage- ment the company was attached to the Second Division under Gen- 788 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. eral Howe, but returned to its own division in time to assist in cover- ing the recrossing of the river on the night of the 15th. Its loss in horses was serious and its equipment was considerably damaged by the fire to which it was exposed, but the loss in men was not heavy, two being wounded, — one losing a leg, the other an arm. Following the battle, the battery went into camp near White Oak Church, where it remained until the opening of the Chancellorsville campaign, with the exception of a few days' absence on the " Mud March" of January, 1863. On the 3d of May, it again crossed the Rappahannock below Fredericksburg, and took position near the spot occupied at the previous battle. The fighting at this point was almost entirely done by artillery, although at one time during the forenoon an attempt was made by a Confederate brigade to capture McCartney's guns; advancing under cover of the embankments of the highway, the enemy made a sudden charge upon the pieces. The attack was sudden and energetic, but was met with equal energy ; 72 rounds of canister were fired almost point-blank, and the assaulting lines were broken and driven back in disorder with- out the assistance of the infantry supports. During the afternoon the division moved out to Salem Church, the battery taking position near the plank road, where it rendered efficient service during the 4th, recrossing the river at night and returning to the old camp ; it had one man killed in the action of the 3d, and a few wounded. On the 5th of June, the command once more crossed the Rap- pahannock at Franklin's Bridges, resting on the south side of the river for some eight days without serious engagement, and then joining in the movement to Gettysburg, at which time the artillery of the corps had been organized as a brigade, under command of Colonel C. H. Thompson, so remaining during the subsequent opera- tions. At Gettysburg the Sixth Corps artillery was in reserve until the great attack on the Union center, on the third day, when Mc- Cartney's Battery was ordered into action ; but by some error it first went to the left, and only returned to the point where it was needed in time to fire a few shots at the retreating Confederates. The battery shared in the subsequent movements of the Army of the Potomac during the summer and autumn, but its voice was not again heard on the field of battle until the 30th of November dur- ing the Mine Run campaign, when it was engaged for a few minutes near Saunders House, after which it returned to the vicinity of THE FIR S T B A TIER Y. 789 Brandy Station, and went into winter quarters. During the year its only change in officers came from the resignation of Lieutenant ^Manning on the IGth of July, and the promotion of First Sergeant Cliarles W. French of Boston. Nothing of moment in tlie history of the First occurred during the winter; 33 of its members re-enlisted for an additional term of three years, receiving the usual furlough of 30 days, and on the 27th of February, 1864, the company, with its corps, joined in a mo\emcnt to Madison Court House in support of a cavalry demon- stration under General Custer. As in the case of most other Union batteries, it was not engaged at the battle of the Wilderness, but at Spottsylvania Court House it took an important part. It was within its battery line that General Sedgwick, commanding the Sixth Corps, was killed by a sharp-shooter on the 9th of May, and several mem- bers of the company were wounded, including Lieutenant Federhcn. At the close of the struggle at Sj)ottsylvania the command moved southward with its corps, but was not again in action until it reached Cold Harbor on the 1st of June. Its location there was on the Mc- chanicsville road where it remained during the 12 days of fighting, losing one man killed and five wounded. It then moved to Peters- burg where on the 17th it took position in earthworks which had been captured from the enemy, serving there and in that vicinity until the 9th of July. The Sixth Corps was then called to Wash- ington to meet the threatened attack on the national capital, by Confederate General Early, and the battery accompanied the corps in its various marchings and countermarchings until the 19th of September when it took part in the battle of the Opequan, losing four wounded. During the next three days it was active, and was fre(iuently engaged, especially at the battle of Fisher's Hill on the 23d, where it lost two men wounded and seven horses killed, mak- ing a total of 55 animals killed during the campaign. The battery shared in the subsequent movements of the corps until the 2d of October, near Staunton, wiien it wheeled out of line and turned toward Massachusetts for muster out, its term of service having expired. Its recruits and re-enlisted men were temporarily transferred to Battery M, Fifth United States Artillery, one of them being killed at Cedar Creek, on the 19th of October. These re- cruits were subsequently transferred from Battery JM to the Ninth Massachusetts Battery, where they completed their term of service. THE SECOND BATTERY. THE Second Battery was organized by Major Cobb, an artillery officer of the militia, and was the first light battery recruited in the state for three years' service, its enlistment having begun on the 20th of April, 1861, and the quota being filled early in the following month. The command, then known as " Cobb's Light Artillery," made its first public parade June 17, and on the 5th of July went into Camp Adams at Quincy. It was mustered into the United States service on the 31st, from which date the officers were commissioned. Major Cobb being unable to accompany the organiza- tion to the field, Captain Nims, also an experienced artillery officer, was appointed to the command, the roster of officers being: — Captain, Ormand F. Nims of Boston; first lieutenants, John W. Wolcott of Eoxbury and John Bigelow of Brighton; second lieuten- ants, George G. Trull of Boston and Eicluird B. Hall of Charlestown; quartermaster sergeant, Alden N. Norcross of Boston. The Second left Quincy on the evening of the 8th of August, reached New York 48 hours later, and while en route to Washing- ton received instructions to go into camp at Baltimore. They did so on the 12th, taking the camp on Mount Clare occupied by Cook's Battery during its three-months' service, which was re-christened Camp Andrew, in honor of the governor of Massachusetts. Here they remained until the 4th of November without incident, save that on the 8th of October the loyal citizens of Baltimore presented them with a flag, which was duly thrown to the breeze from a staff 90 feet in hight prepared by the command. The battery embarked from the Light-street wharf, with the Fourth Wisconsin Regiment and a company of cavalry November 4, dropping down the bay to Duckbill Landing, Somerset County, Md. There the little expedition landed and began a march through ! THE SECOND BATTERY. 791 Somerset and Worcester Counties, where there was much secession feeliuu" and organization of forces for the rebel army was in prog- ress. After a few days spent in marching through these counties, the cohuun joined the hirger body under General Locivwood at Newtown, Md. General Dix, in connnand of the department with head-quarters at Baltimore, had on the 13th of the month issued a l)roclamation to the inhabitants of the two Eastern Shore counties of Virginia — Accomac and Northampton — exhorting them to peace and loyalty, and on the 25th General Lockwood began his march from Newtown, moving his column by way of Drummondtown and Belletown to Eastville, near the end of the peninsula, where he re- mained till December 2. Finding that the Confederate forces had left the two counties. General Lockwood returned to Baltimore and Nims's Battery reoecupied Camp Andrew after an absence of 41 days, the purposes of the expedition having been fully and blood- lessly accomplished. ( )n the 18th of December both first lieutenants of the battery resigned to accept commissions in a Maryland battery ; the second lieutenants were advanced to their places, and the vacan- cies were filled by the commissioning of William Marland of Andover and Sergeant Warren K. Snow of Boston as second lieutenants. On the organization of General Butler's expedition against New Orleans, Nims's Battery was made a portion of his command; it was ordered on the 25th of February, 1862, to Fortress Monroe, reached there next day, and went into camp at Old Point Comfort, where it remained until the 19th of April. Passage was then taken on a transport ship for New Orleans, the voyage occupying 32 days, and on arriving there the command encam])ed at the Pelican Cotton Press. The batter)- was assigned to General Williams's Brigade, located at Baton Rouge, for which place it sailed on the 31st of May, landing on the -d of June and encamping there until the lOtli. It then pre[)ared to join the expedition against Vicksburg, sailing next morning, and landing the 22d at Ellis's Cliffs assisted to drive away a hostile force threatening the trans|)orts passing up the river. It landed opposite Vicksburg on the 25th, and three days later took part without loss in the bombardniv^nt of that stronghold. The battery returned to Baton Rouge on the 26th of July, and on the 4th of August Lieutenant Trull, who was in command, owing to the illness of Captain Nims, was ordered to prepare for action, as a battle was imminent. Of the 140 members of the command 7^2 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. it was found that only 21 were " present for duty," all the remainder being sick in hospitals. A detdil of 30 men was secured from the Ninth Connecticut Regiment and hastily drilled, so that next morn- ing, when the battle of Baton Rouge opened, the six guns were manned. The position of the battery was at the extreme Union right, and throughout the battle it won the highest commendation for efficient service. Four times during the engagement did it change position to meet the exigencies of the fight, on each occasion with the steadiness of veterans. At one time one of its guns was in the hands of the enemy, all of its horses having been disabled, but a detachment of the infantry supports brought the piece off by hand. The company lost four men wounded and one captured. The battery left Baton Rouge on the 21st of August, going by transport to Carrollton, whence it marched to New Orleans on the 24th, encamping first on the Race Course but changing a week later to Tivoli Circle where it remained until the 27tli of December. While there Lieutenant Trull was promoted to captain of the Fourth Massachusetts Battery%, Second Lieutenant Marland was advanced to first, and First Sergeant Edward K. Russell of Chelsea was com- missioned to fill the vacant second lieutenancy. General Banks having succeeded General Butler in command of the Department of the Gulf, the troops in Louisiana were organized as the Nine- teenth Army Corps of four divisions, Nims's Battery being assigned to the Fourth Divison, commanded by General Grover. It embarked for Baton Rouge on the ITth of December, and was quartered in the barracks at that place through the winter, and there being no cavalry attached to the post, its members frequently acted as videttes and scouts, and in that service one or two were wounded. On the 13th of March, 1863, its division joined the expedition toward the rear of Port Hudson, and one section was sent within shelling distance of the Confederate works, throwing forty or fifty shells into them. The battery then returned leisurely, reaching camp on the 20th. A week of maction followed, and on the 27th the command was transported toDonaldsonville, whence it marched overland to Brashear City, the trij) beginning on the 31st and end- ing on the 9th of A])ril. It embarked on the 11th and was trans- ported to Porter's Plantation, where it landed on the loth, crossed Bayou Teche in connection with the operations against Fort Bis- land, rejoining the main body soon after, and sharing in the subse- THE SECOND liATrERY. 793 (incut operations of General Banks's column. During this entire movement, which lasted until the 12th of May, when Alexandria on the Red river was reached, the battery was continually active, being often called to accom])any detached parties. The column left Alexandria on the 17th, by way of Simms|)ort and Bayou Sara, the battery taking position before Port Hudson on the 25th and ojiening fire. One section under Lieutenant Snow which had been detached a month previous joined the main body a few days later. Duriug the entire siege the battery was represented at the front in various ijositions, ever rendering good service and without serious loss in men. On the 4th of July it lired the National salute with shotted guns trained on the enemy's works; six days later, the stronghold having surrendered, the Second marched inside the fortifications, and on the 11th set out for Baton Rouge. There transport was taken for Donaldsonville, in which vicinity the Confederates were making serious demon.strations, and where i\\Q. company remained for two weeks. It then marched to Carroll- ton, stopped there for a week, and thence continued the march to New Orleans, where it was quartered at the Mississippi Cotton Press from the Gth of August to the 17th of September. First Lieuten- ant Hall having resigned on the 29th of July, his juniors were pro- moted in turn, and First Sergeant Joseph K. Grecnleaf of Boston was commissioned junior second lieutenant. Early in October Second Lieutenant Russell was ])r()motcd and transferred to the Sixth Bat- tery, creating a vacancy which was (illed some months later by the commissioning of First Sergeant Lucian A. Hodgdon of Somerville. Another movement toward the interior of Louisiana began on the 17th of September, when the battery crossed the Mississippi to Algiers, and was taken to Brashear City, crossing the bay in a day or two and encamping near Berwick. This was followed a week later by an advance to Bisland, and early in October, via Franklin to New Iberia. Vermilion river was reached on the 9th, where the battery took part in a brisk engagement, followed on the 15th at Carrion Crow Bayou by a more serious one, in which the Second fired 180 rounds. Two or three days later the vicinity of Opelousas was reached and a halt was made, the comjiany being assigned to the cavalry division commanded by General Lee. On the 1st of November, the command returned to Carrion Crow Bayou, where one section halted while the others proceeded to Vermilion river. 794 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAH. Two days later the section at the Bayou, commanded by Lieutenant Maiiand, was attacked in camp by a strong force of the enemy, who •were within short range before the guns could be brought into action. A desperate fight ensued, in which the Confederates were at first repulsed and the guns advanced to a more favorable position, but the infantry support giving way, they were obliged to fall back and eventually, the pieces being almost surrounded, the cannoneers fought their way through the enemy with their revolvers and brought off the guns in triumph, victory finally resting on the Union arms. The two sections were brought up from Vermilion river next day, and on the 5th the entire battery returned to that point and went into camp, remaining with the exception of a scouting expedition until the 16th, when it marched to New Iberia and encamped. The camp was changed to Franklin, half way to Brashear City, during the early part of January, 1864, the march being made over roads so bad that it required more than three days to travel a dis- tance of 23 miles. Three months were spent there, and on the 13th of March camp was broken for the Red river campaign. The battery accompanied the cavalry advance, which required long and trying marches, frequently 30 to 40 miles per day, one section reaching Alexandria on the 21st, and the others on the 22d, when a few days' rest was had. The march into the enemy's country be- gan on the 28th, skirmishing commenced a day or two later, and from that time there was only active duty for the command ; now here, now there, in the front or on the flank, it was gallo})ing in pursuit of the retiring foe, and again fighting stubbornly when a stand was made, day after day and night after night. Pleasant Hill was reached about noon of the 7th of April when the battery was immediately ordered to the front, where fighting was going on. It was not called into action that day, however, but on the 8th, in the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, it had its most ter- rible experience. Reporting to the advance early in the morning, it began skirmishing, which continued during the forenoon, the six pieces being finally placed in position across the road, but a short distance from the Union skirmish line. The location proved an un- fortunate one. About the middle of the afternoon the Confederates advanced in heavy force, and charged the battery. They were driven back by a terrible fire of canister at short range, but only to renew the attack. Three times were tlieir lines broken by the ad- THE SECOND BATTERY. , 795 mirable fire of the guns, but their purpose was not relinquished. A fourth attack followed, not only in front, but from the Hank, whence such a destructive fire was poured upon the battery that its position became untenable. The order was given to limber to the rear, and the horses were attached to the pieces, but before the guns could be moved, 17 of the 18 horses on three of the guns were shot down, and these pieces were hastily spiked and abandoned. The other three being rescued, took up a new position in the rear and expended all their ammunition, when, the Union troops being in lull rout, what was left of the battery was ordered to retire. But the single avenue of retreat was choked and crowded to its utmost capacity, and it was utterly impossible to move the guns; they were therefore spiked and relinquished, some of the cannoneers escaping by cutting their horses loose. The remnant of the company gathered at Pleasant Hill the next morning and were assigned to duty as guai'd to the ammunition train. The loss of the Second in the bat- tle had been very severe ; one man was killed and 18 were wounded, five of whom were made prisoners, together with seven unwounded men. Lieutenant Snow was wounded and captured, and Lieutenant Slack was wounded. Besides the lo?s of the guns -and caissons, 82 of the battery's horses were either killed or wounded. Grand Ecore was reached on the 10th where the L'nion army gathered its scattered battalions. The members of the Second being without eqipment were ordered to New Orleans, where they arrived on the 20th, and were quartered at a cotton press. On the 10th of May they were transported to Carrollton where an outfit of liffht ffuns was furnished them for the defenses of New Orleans, but on the 22d of June these were transferred to the Sixth Massa(;hu- setts Battery, and early in July the Second were quartered at the Apollo Stables, being equipped with four three-inch rifled guns. Transportation was taken on the 2d of September for IMorgnnza, where the battery encamped for the winter. The monotony of this encampment was broken by various long and tedious scouting expeditions, in which one or more sections took part, often resulting in more or less severe lighting, though the command sustained no serious loss. The term of enlistment of the original members ex- pired on the l(^)th of August, 1804, and they were discharged ; but 23 of their number having re-enlisted, in addition to the recruits re- ceived from time to time, the organization was continued. 796 ^ MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Lieutenant Snow, disabled by his wounds and captivity, was dis- charged on the 30th of November, and on the 7th of January, 1865, Captain Nims, the honored commander, resigned his commission. Lieutenant Marland was promoted to the vacancy, the other lieu- tenants were advanced in due course, the second lieutenancies being filled by the promotions of First Sergeant Louis W. Swan and Ser- geant Jacob M. Ellis, both of Boston. Under orders to report to General Steele for active service in the field, the Second took transport March 3, and on the 5th went into camp at Greenville, where fresh horses were received. It was ordered to New Orleans on the 7th and sailed next day for Barran- cas, Fla., where it landed on the 10th and encamped until the 18th. It then took up the march toward Mobile, and a terrible march it proved, through the woods and swamps of Florida. Rain fell in- cessantly and the mud was unfathomable. There was more or less fighting along the way where it was possible for troops to fight, and on the 2d of April the tedious march ended with the investment of Fort Blakely, commanding the approach to Mobile. The battery took an active part in the siege operations which followed, until the surrender of the fort on the 9th, when with a column of infantry and cavalry it set out on an expedition toward Claiborne, Ala. It fought at Daniels Plantation on the 11th — its last serious conflict. During the next seven weeks the command marched almost con- stantly, until the horses and mules were completely worn out. The men in fact were in little better condition, having subsisted for some weeks upon very insufficient rations, but late in May the march ended at Columbus, Miss. The men were then sent by rail to Mobile, and thence by water to Vicksburg where they arrived on the 4th of June, having traveled over 1,(300 miles since landing in Florida. During this experience more than 110 horses and mules belonging to the battery had broken down and been killed or abandoned. The company encamped at Vicksburg till the 22d of July, when it turned over its outfit to the proper United States officers and set out for home. Boston was reached on the 4th of August, the men encamp- ing on Gallop's Island till the 11th, when they were paid and dis- charged. Although by rare good fortune this battery had but one man killed in action during its four years' service, no organization had a more honorable name or was more highly regarded by the troops with which it was associated than " Nims's Battery." THE THIRD BATTERY. THE Third Battery of Light Artillery was recruited at Boston by Dexter H. FoUctt, who was made its first captain, under the auspices of Senator and Colonel Wilson of the Twenty- second Regiment, and was during its early days attached to his command. It went into camp at Lynnfield September 5, 1861, from which date its officers' commissions were issued and the men were mustered. Its officers were: — - Captain. Dexter H. Follett of Boston; first lieutenants, Augustus P. Martin of Boston and Caleb C. E. Mortimer of Charlestown: second lieutenants, \'alentine M. Dunn of Charlestown and William W. Sncll- ing of Boston; sergeant major, Aaron F. Walcott of Boston; quarter- master sergeant, James A. Hill of Boston Remaining at the Lynnfield rendezvous till October 7, the battery broke camji and proceeded to Boston, whence on the 8th it accom- panied the Twenty-second Regiment to Washington by way of Worcester, Springfield and New York, reaching the national capital on the 11th and being temporarily quartered at Camp Duncan on East Capitol Hill in that city. In a few days, however, it crossed the Potomac to H all's Hill, A^a., where it was attached to General Por- ter's Division and remained during the winter, six Napoleon guns forming its armaniont. Captain Follett resigned on the 27tli of November, and Lieutenant Snelling was dismissed by sentence of court-martial Deceml^er 20. To fill these vacancies, the captaincy Avas bestowed on Lieutenant Martin, Lieutenants Mortimer and Dunn were each advanced one grade, and the second lieutenancies were filled by the promotion of Sergeant Philip H, Tyler of Charlestown and Sergeant Major Walcott. The battery took part in the advance of the Army of the Potomac into Virginia on the 10th of March, 1862, and returned with the other troops to the vicinity of Alexandria on the Llth, whence on 798 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the 21st it embarked for Fortress Monroe. Landing at that strong- hold on the 2-l:th, it went into camj) near New Market Bridge, and on the 27th joined with two brigades of infantry in a reconnaissance to Big Bethel. Camp was broken on the 4th of April and the com- pany marched toward Yorktown, in front of which it arrived the following day and soon after noon went into position on the War- wick road in co-operation with Martindale's Brigade, one half of the battery under Lieutenant Dunn being stationed a thousand yards to the left of the other half under Captain Martin. Both portions were sharply engaged with the Confederate artillery, the loss of Lieu- tenant Dunn's command being two men killed and three wounded. The next engagement of the company was at the battle of Hanover Court House, May 27, the battery accompanying General Porter's command on its movement to that point, where Branch's (Con- federate) Brigade was stationed. In the battle there Lieutenant Dunn's section of the battery was engaged, having two men wounded, one fatally. The section did good service, though at one time, owing to the falling back of the support and the severe musketry fire of the enemy, the cannoneers were obliged temporarily to retire from the guns. At the battle of Mechanicsville, June 26, the battery was in reserve, having one man wounded, and the following day at Gaines Mill all the guns were engaged, being posted in an open field between the divisions of Generals Sykes and Morrell. The left of the line being broken, the battery was ordered to retire; but when almost without support Captain Martin perceived a hostile line of battle advancing in his front, into which he poured such a fire of canister as to break a portion of the line. He then retired as di- rected, though obliged to abandon three cassions of which the horses had been disabled, and in the retreat one gun was lost over the side of a bridge. The loss of the command was Lieutenant Mortimer fatally wounded and two men wounded, one mortally. The battery was also engaged at Malvern Hill on the 1st of July, but sustained no loss. The vacancy created by the death of Lieutenant Mortimer was filled by the promotion of Second Lieutenant Tyler, and of Pri- vate Thomas M. Cargill of Roxbury to be second lieutenant. Through the remainder of the year the battery was fortunate in not being seriously engaged, though accompanying the Fifth Corps in all its movements. On the 20th of September it was in position on the banks of the Potomac near Blackford's Ford to cover the THE Til in I) UATTEItY. 7!»!) crossing? of the Union infantrv and their return, suffering no loss; and on the 10th of October one section commanded by Lieutenant Cargill joined in a reconnaissance across the river to near Lees- burg, Va., where the command went into action, having one man wounded. When on the 10th of November General McClcHan took leave of the army he had for more than a year commanded, tiie Third Battery (then in camp at Warrenton) fired the national saUite, as it did the foHowing day when General Fitz John Porter bade adieu to the Fifth Cori)s, which he had commanded since its organi- zation. On the 24th the battery, which had arrived in the vicinity of Fahnouth six days before, took position at Stoneman's Switch and put up permanent quarters. At the battle of Fredericksburg the company did not cross the river till the 14th of December, and during the night of the next day returned to the north side and re- occupied the Stoneman's Switch (juarters. From the 20th to the 24th of January, 1863, it took part in the " Mud March,'' and there- after remained in camp till the Chancellorsville cami)aign. Some changes had meantime occurred among the officers. First Lieuten- ants Dunn and Tyler had resigned — the former January 30, 1863, and the latter October 11 previous. The vacancies were filled by the promotion of the two secoud lieutenants and the commissioning of Sergeants William H. Foliett of Quincy and Lewis \ . Osgood of Charlestown as second lieutenants. Lieutenant Dunn had for some time been in command of the battery, Ca])tain Martin commanding the division artillery, as he did during 1863 the artillery brigade of the Fifth Corps, while Lieutenant Walcott commanded the battery. At the battle of Chancellorsville the Third were not actively engaged, being in position at the left of the line most of the time, and after the battle returning to the old camp. This was finally (piitted on the 29th of May, when the command moved to United States Ford and took up a commanding position, remaining there till the 7th of June when it withdrew and went into camj) near by, starting northward with its corps on the 13th. Reaching Gettys- burg about noon of July 2, the battery was in reserve till the latter part of the afternoon, when it was called on to relieve one of tiie Third Corps batteries in the Peach Orchard, but finding another battery had made the change before it reached the spot went into action with Ayers's Division of its own corps, losing two men killed and six wounded. That night it took position with the Vermont 800 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Brigade of the Sixth Corps at the left of Round Top and remained there until the close of the battle. The Third shared the marches of its corps during the summer and autumn but was not in action. At Mine Run it reported successively to the Sixth and First Corps and returned to its own on the way to camp, with no other loss than the capture of Lieutenant Follett and one enlisted man by the Con- federate cavalry while on detached duty with an ordnance train. The winter camp of the company was near Bealton Station, north of the Rappahannock, where it remained from early in December till the 1st of May, 1864. During March, Lieutenant Osgood hav- ing been commissioned in the Sixteenth Massachusetts Battery, his place in the Third was filled by the promotion of First Sergeant George E. Hunt of Wilmington. Camp was broken the first day of May and the command crossed the river, advancing to Brandy Station and thence to Culpeper, where it joined the Fifth Corps and moved with it into the Wilderness fight. This was one of the few batteries engaged in that peculiar contest, pioneers making an open- ing for it in the woods whence without loss it tired upon the Con- federates whenever they could be seen. On the 8th it took position at Laurel Hill, a part of the Spottsylvania field, and remained there five days, being often in action, having nine wounded, including Captain Martin shot through the neck, two mortally. Lieutenant Walcott was in command during the absence of Captain Martin- On the 13th the company moved to the Po river at the left and afterward to other parts of the field, but was not closely engaged. During this time, in obedience to the order reducing all the batteries to four guns, two of its pieces were "turned in" to the ordnance department. The North Anna river was crossed on the 23d and the battery took part in the fighting of that day, having Lieutenant Cargill and one enlisted man wounded. Its next action was at Shady Grove Church from the 30th of May to the 3d of June, in which time two men and 13 horses were killed and one man was wounded. The Third were at Cold Harbor from the 5th to the 11th of June, but sustained no loss. They were likewise fortunate at Petersburg from the 18th to the 22d, though frequently in action. On the latter date they advanced to a new position within 500 yards of the hostile works, and remained till the 13th of August, the men occupying bomb-proofs when not engaged at the guns and the horses and camp belongings being well to the rear to avoid the incessant THE THIRD BATTERY. SOI cannonadinu". The loss of the battery durintr this time was but two men killed, so well wo-re they protected from the enemy's fire. From the 14tli to the 18th the command rested in the rear of the besieging lines, during which time Ca])tain Martin, returning to duty, was assigned to the command of the artillery of the division. The Third accompanied the Second Division, Fifth Corps, General Ayres, in the movement of the 18th against the Weldon Railroad, taking a very creditable part in the lighting of that day as well as of the 19th and 21st, having on the 18th one killed and four wounded. It relieved the Eleventh Massachusetts Battery near Glol)o Tavern at the left of the Union lines on the 2.3d, and remained there till the close of its active service. At the end of the month the re-enlisted men and the recruits whose time had not expired were transferred to the Fifth Massachusetts Battery, while the Third moved to City Point and encamping beside the Twenty-second Regiment,' with which it had entered service, prepared to return to Massachusetts. Embarking on the mail boat John Brooks, September 5, the com- jiany, numbering three officers and 86 men, sailed to Washington and on the 7th took cars for home, reaching Boston on the 9tli. After a reception the command was furloughed for a week, reas- sembling on the Common on the 16th and being formally mustered out of the service by Lieutenant Britton of the United States Army, having made a record for faithful performance of duty of which the state might well be proud. THE FOURTH BATTERY. THE Fourth Light Battery went into camp at Lowell Septem- ber 23, 1861, the members being mustered into service at various times during the two following months. Captain Manning's artillery section of Salem formed the nucleus, and that otticer was commissioned captain dating from November 27, the full roster comprising : — Captain, Charles H. Manning of Salem; first lieutenants, 'Frederic W. Eeinhardt and Joseph E. Salla. both of Boston; second lieuten- ants, Henry Davidson and George W. Taylor; quartermaster sergeant, Benjamin W. Lander; first sergeant, Joseph B. Briggs, all of Salem. This battery formed a part of General Butler's New Orleans ex- pedition, and on the 20th of November embarked on the transport steamer Constitution for Ship Island, the rendezvous of his com- mand. Debarking there on the 3d of December, it was assigned to garrison duty at Fort Massachusetts, an earthwork at the west end of the island, where it remained till the expedition was ready to as- cend the Mississippi. It embarked on the transport ship North America April 15, 1862, remained in the lower Mississippi during the engagement between the Union llect and Forts Jackson and St. Philip, was present at the surrender of those strongholds and among the first troops to enter them under the American flag. Directly after the occupation of New Orleans by General Butler the Fourth ascended the river, debarking at the city on the 2d of May, and after a stop of three days proceeded to Carrollton, landing at Camp Parapet on the 6th. They remained at that point till the middle of June waiting for the summons to active duty, which came on the 15th in a call for one section to report to Lieutenant Colonel Kimball of the Twelfth Maine Regiment. The armament of the company consisted of four rifled 12-pounders and two howitzers, and a section of the former under command of THE Fo UR rn n a tter y. so3 Llcnlcnant Taylor responded. Tlic troops, consisting' of four com- panies of infantry on three small steamers, crossed Lake Pontchar- train, to Pass .Manchag, near which, after a brief engagement, the Confederates abandoned two batteries of 32-ponnder guns, which were taken ])Osscssion of. The track of the New Orleans and Jack- son Railroad was then torn up in tiiat vicinity, after which the steam- ers ascended the Tangipaho river and made one or two caUs at points on the lake coast, but without important results, after which the troops returned to camp on the 20th. On the 10th of July the battery was transported by steamer to Baton Rouge, reaching there on the 12th and changing camp two or three times previous to the 4th of August. General Thomas Williams, commanding the post, was aware that he w^as to be attacked by the Confederates under Gen- eral Breckinridge, and on the 4th made his dispositions for the bat- tle. The howitzer section was at the extreme Union left, with the rest of the battery in the cemetery not far distant. i:^oon after the battle opened on the morning of the 5th the bat- tery, one section at a time, was moved toward the right, where the fight w^as hottest, and was at once engaged, losing one man killed and live wounded, as well as suffering heavy loss in horses. The Fourth were presently ordered to take a position in the rear, and the Confederates having been repulsed, were not further engaged. A fortified position was occupied at the United States Arsenal Grounds till the 21st, when Baton Rouge was evacuated I)y the Union soldiers, the battery going by steamer to Carrollton, where on the 26th it occupied Camp Williams, named in honor of the victor in the recent battle. One section left camp on the 5th of October to report to Algiers, and on the -8th, as the encam[)mcnt proved very unhealthy, the rest of the command was ordered to Fort Pike, where the health of the men was much improved. Several changes occurred among the officers about this time. First Lieutenant Salla was dismissed on the 30th of July, Captain Manning resigned from the 20tli of October, and January 31, 1863, Second Lieutenant Davidson, who had been commissioned first lieu- tenant but not mustered, did likewise. To fill these vacancies First Lieutenant George G. Trull of Nims's (Second) Battery was com- missioned captain, Second Lieutenant Taylor was advanced to the vacant first lieutenancy, while the new second lieutenants w^ere Joseph B. Briggs of Salem, promoted from first sergeant, and John 804 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. H. Hapg-ood. Lieutenant Briggs was in command of the section on duty at Algiers, and Licutant Taylor of those at Fort Pike. From the latter frequent expeditions were sent out to points on Lake Pontchartrain and up the rivers and bayous leading into it. On these occasions the steamer J. M. Brown was used, her armament of four guns being manned by the members of the battery. Oc- casionally a force of the enemy strong enough to make resistance was encountered, though none of the resulting conflicts were of great moment. One such was at Bonfouca, November 26, when an expedition under Captain Darling of the Thirty-first Massachusetts was attacked while loading the steamer with supplies. One of the guns was sent ashore under fire and directed by Lieutenant Taylor opened sharply upon the hostile cavalry, assisted by the infantry and from the boat, so that the enemy were soon driven out of sight, the loading of the Brown was completed and the expedition returned triumphantly to camp, none of the Fourth having been hurt. On the 23d of December another excursion to the same locality under the same officers was fired upon from the banks near Cousan's in ascending and at another point in returning; in both cases the as- sailants were driven av;ay by the fire from the vessel, though one batteryman was badly wounded, as was Captain Darling. While the main portion of the battery was having these experien- ces, Lieutenant Briggs's section accompanied General Weitzel's Bri- gade in its expedition through the La Fourche district, landing at Donaldsonville about the 25th of October, and after a sharp fight at Labadieville meeting little serious resistance. The purpose being- accomplished. Lieutenant Briggs's command encamped at Brashear City, where it remained till January 28, 1863, when it rejoined the main part of the company, which had just been ordered to New Orleans and was encamped at Factor's Press. After a month passed there, the Fourth embarked on the steamer New Brunswick, land- ing at Baton Rouge March 1 and going into camp at Fort Williams, being attached to the Third Division, Nineteenth Army Corps, Gen- eral Emory commanding. It took part in the diversion to the rear of Port Hudson, March 13-20, and on returning encamped at Mag- nolia Grove, moving camp April 7 to grounds near the Penitentiary where it had before been encam])ed. The battery was not again called into active service till it set out to take part in th« siege of Port Hudson, leaving camp May 21, and THE FOURTH BATTERY. 805 marching that day with the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth New- York Regiment to Plains Store; from which point on the 24th it accompanied Ocncral Augur's Division to the front and was placed in a corn-field on the right of the Port Hudson road. On the morn- ing of the 27th. when the general assault upon the worics was to bo made, it took a position on the right center and was actively en- gaged till noon, though having but one man wounded, when it was ordered to the rear. It again went to the front June 13, being located within 500 yards of the enemy's works, remaining in action till noon, when it withdrew, one piece having been disabled. It returned to the same position early the following morning and opened a heavy fire, throwing 584 rounds during the engagement, again with a loss of only one man wounded. That night the Fourth withdrew to the rear, and were not again at the front, though sections and detachments took part in several expeditions through the surrounding country while the siege was in ■progress. On the 10th of July, Port Hudson having surrendered, the battery was attached to Colonel Gooding's Third Brigade, Third Division, and returned to Baton Rouge, where it went into the old camp near the Penitentiary, but four days later was ordered to Donaldsonville by steamer. The command re-embarked August 4 and sailed to Port Hudson, reaching that place the following day and going into camp. It Avas again ordered to Baton Rouge on the 22d, and on reaching there, two days later, encamped for a time near Fort Williams, moving later to Camp Banks, outside the city, whence on the 19tli of September it was ordered to Brashear City. Donaldsonville was reached by steamer the following day and by rai)id marches the battery arrived at its destination on the afternoon of the 23d, and was again attached to the Third Division, Nine- teenth Corps. The march up the Teche began on the 3d of October, Avhen three days with some skirmishing on the last brought the column to New Iberia. Halting there till the 8th, the march was resumed, the enemy being confronted next day at Vermilion Bayou. Some skirmishing ensued, and the advance from that point was slow, so that Opelousas was not reached till the 21st. Encamping there till the 1st of November the battery began its return march with the column, halting next day near Vermilion Bayou. It took part in the sharp fight of the 11th, sustaining no loss, and on the 16th and 17th marched back to New Iberia, encamping near the Teche river. 806 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. About the close of the year the members of the battery ahiiost without exception re-enlisted and were mustered as veterans on the 4th of January, 1864. The year 1863 had witnessed several changes in the roster of officers. First Lieutenant Reinhardt had resigned on the 18th of July, and Second Lieutenant Hapgood followed on the 15th of August. The promotion of Lieutenant Briggs to the place vacated by Reinhardt made way for the commissioning of two second lieutenants, and after some delay First Sergeant Thomas H. Manning of Salem and Corporal George N. Jenkins of Boston were advanced. On the 7th of January the battery set out with General Grover's command and moved to Franklin, resting there till the 2oth, when the march was continued to New Orleans. The command was quartered at Apollo Stables from the time of reaching the city till February 11, when the arrangements for a re-enlistment furlough having been completed, the company sailed on the steamer Karnak for New York, reaching Boston on the 21st. After the 30-day s fur- lough, passage was taken on the ocean steamer Liberty from New York to New Orleans, and on reaching the Crescent city, April 6, the battery took quarters in the Tobacco Warehouse, being equipped and •drilling as infantry till the last of June, when a transfer was made to the Apollo Stables and a light artillery equipment was received. On the 5tli of September it embarked on the steamer Starlight and went to Morganza, some 20 miles above Port Hudson, reporting to General Lawler and going into camp near the river. In this loca- tion the command remained till the 16th, when it started on an ex- pedition into the country to the westward, reaching the Bayou For- dousche that evening and guarding the bridge across it during the rest of the night. Next morning one section under Lieutenant Manning was ordered to proceed to the Atchafalaya and report to the commanding officer at Morgan's Ferry, but was fired upon by a detachment of the enemy before reaching the river and a skirmish ensued, lasting during the day, the Confederates retreating at night. The loss of the battery was two men wounded. Next day the 'Union troops retired to Morganza, but during the night of the 20th advanced again to the Atchafalaya, fortified several points, and remained for three days, when having collected a large number of beef cattle, the expedition returned to Morganza. Another movement began on the 3d of October, when the battery with other troops took passage by steamer Illinois to Bayou Sara, THE FOUIiTU BATTERY. S07 whence the force moved out on different roads, one detachment being driven in by Scott's Confederate cavalry on the 5th, when the entire command returned to Morganza. Several expeditions followed, dur- ing the month, in which portions of the Fourth participated, at times being engaged with the enemy, but without loss. Passage was taken on the steamer Ohio Belle for White River, Ark., November 10, and from that })oint the command went by the Commercial to Duval I's near Grand Prairie. On the 23d orders were received to proceed to Memphis, Tenn., and the battery at once embarked, reaching that city after various stops and transfers, on the 28th. On the 21st of December the Fourth with the Reserve Corps, commanded by General Lawler, set out upon an expedition which occupied ten days, during which the marching was over execrable roads, visiting Bailie's Station, Wolf River and Germantown, returning to the city on the last day of the year. The day following, January 1, 1865, the battery embarked ori the steamer Autocrat, with two infantry regiments, and on the 4th reached New Orleans. Reporting to General Canby, the command was ordered to Kennerville, La., where it debarked, reporting to General Steele for orders, and went into camp with instructions to prepare at once for active campaigning. The battery embarked again February 9 and sailed for Dauphin Island, where it encamped two miles from Fort Gaines, being attached to the First Division, Thirteenth Corps. General James C. Yeatch commanded the division and General Gordon Granger the corps. On the 17th of March the battery left the island, crossing to the main land, and began at once the movement against Mobile. This was conducted with great difficulty, owing to the absence of roads and many other disadvantages, so that it was not till the 26th that line of battle was formed, though skirmishing had been going on for a few days. Next day the siege of Spanish Fort, seven miles east of Mobile, began, continuing until the 8th of April, during most of which time the Fourth were engaged in shelling the hostile works, but suffering little loss. On that day the fort was carried by assault, and the battery with other troops at once set out for Blakely, Ala., against which Genei-al Steele was operating. After an all-night march it reached the scene and was at once ordered into position on the left. Fire was opened at 10 o'clock and at 4 the works were carried by assault, the Fourth after the battle taking charge of the captured cannon. 808 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Mobile was occupied l)v the Union army on the 12th, and the Fourth Battery, after making a march to Bell rose, was transported to the captured city on the 15th. In and about the city the time was passed till the 1st of July, when the company was ordered to Galveston, Tex. Embarking on the steamers Welles and Trade Wind, the com- mand reached Galveston the 5th and on the 8th set out for Hous- ton, on reaching which it encamped in Lubbock's Grove, near Buffalo Bayou, a mile from the city. While there the batterymen and officers served on various details, some of which required long and fatiguing rides through the country, but the lips of the guns no more gave forth the roar of battle. On the 28th of September orders were received to turn in the guns and other property belong- ing to the government, and on the 1st of October the homeward journey began. It led by way of Galveston to New Orleans, where a stop was made for a week. Captain Trull at that time resigned and the subsequent journeying of the battery was under command of Lieutenant Taylor. New Orleans was left "by means of the steamer Guiding Star on the 14th of October ; but the vessel got aground at Southwest Pass and could not be floated till the 19th. Three or four days later a heavy storm set in, becoming a gale on the 24th and injuring the steamer so much that she was obliged to put in at Port Royal, S. C, on the 26th, The trip was resumed on the 30th, and New York was reached November 2, where passage was taken on the Commercial to Stonington, Ct., and thence by cars to Boston. On the afternoon of the 4th the battery brought up at the rendezvous on Gallop's Island, and on the 10th the men were mustei'ed out by Captain Kroutinger of the Second United States Infantry, after almost four years of service. THE FIFTH BATTERY. THE Fifth Licht Battery first met at Cam]) Schoulcr, Lynn- iield, its members beinj; mustered at various times durinu^ September, October and November, 1861; but on the 14th of November was ordered to Camp Massasoit at Readville. The com- pany was at first under command of Lieutenant iVllen, who received his commission oft the 28th of September; the other lieutenants were commissioned on the 8th of October, but the matter of the captaincy was not scttk-d till the 23d, when the roster was com- pleted as follows: — C'aptiun, ilax Eppendorff of New Bedford; first lieutenants, George D. Allen of Maiden and John B. Hyde of New Bedford; second lieu- tenants, Robert A. Dillingham of New Bedford and Charles A. Phillijis of Salem; quartermaster sergeant, Timothy W. Terry of New Bedford. The battery remained in camp at Readville till the 25th of De- cember, when it left for Washington, its armament consisting of four rifled six-pounders and two 12-pounder howitzers, which were during the winter exchanged for three-inch rifled guns. Washing- ton was reached on the 27th, quarters being provided at Camp Dun- can on Capitol Hill, the name being afterward changed to Camp Sumner. Captain Eppendorff resigned on the 25th of January 1862, and the captaincy passed to Lieutenant Allen, the other lieu- tenants advancing in order and the vacancy at the foot being filled by the commissioning of Sergeant Henry D. Scott of New Bedford. On the loth of February the battery marched to Hall's Hill, Ya., and was assigned to General Fitz John Porter's Division. It re- mained in camp there during the winter, and on the 18th of March moved to Camp California near Alexandria, in preparation for the Peninsular campaign. It embarked on the 21st with its division and landed at Fortress Monroe three days later, going into camp near New Market Bridge, where it awaited the gathering of the 810 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. army for the movement against Richmond. It was still attached to General Porter's command, — the First Division, Third Corps. The battery moved forward with its division on the 4th of April, opening lire upon the enemy at Howard's Mills and driving them from their works, and being slightly engaged next day on the arrival before Yorktown. It took no serious part, however, in the siege which followed, remaining at Camp Winfield Scott till the evacua- tion, taking its share in the picket dut\ . After the ahandonracnt of Yorktown the battery was conveyed by transport to West Point, whence it advanced to the Chickahominy with the division — now under command of General Morell, General Porter being in com- mand of the Fifth Corps, a new organization of two divisions, one of which was his late First Division — and took part in the other movements of the corps, including the one to Hanover Court House on the 27th of May, returning two days later to the camp on Gaines Farm, where it remained for a month, taking part in picket duty and being frequently under fire, but meeting no loss. At the battle of Gaines Mill, June 27, the battery was attached to General Butter- field's Brigade, and during the day moved to various points on the field under command of Lieutenant John B. Hyde, Captain Allen being absent. About the middle of the afternoon it took position on a hill where it assisted in repulsing several advances of the enemy, and then changed location to serve with the brigade in covering the retreat of the Union army across the Chickahominy. This it did faithfully, checking the pursuit with discharges of cannister, but in withdrawing could only bring off two guns, the horses of the others being killed. The loss in men was two killed and three Avounded, two of the latter with two unwounded being taken prisoners. The two guns which had been saved accompanied the corps in the retreat to Malvern Hill, and there on the 1st of July the com- mand rendered valuable service, first at the left and altervv'ard at the right, in repulsing attacks, the two pieces firing 250 rounds. Two men were Avounded during the battle. On the 12th of July, while the army was in camp at Harrison's Landing, the Fifth Bat- tery was temporarily dissolved, owing to its loss of horses and guns and the depletion in number of men; 25 men were attached to the Fourth Rhode Island Battery, while the officers and the remainder of the men were assigned to the Third Massachusetts Battery, Cap- tain Martin. The two first lieutenants, Hyde and Dillingham, how- THE FIFTH BATTERY. 811 ever, resigned from tliat date. The dctachilifiits served with the comniands tu which they had been assiiiiied for two months, (hu'ing which the Rhode Ishmd battery took part in the Second Jhdl Run battle, one of the Massachusetts men beinjz- wounded, the division encanijjing- September 8 at Upton's Hill. Four days later, when the division marched northward on the Antietam campaign, the Fifth Battery was ordered to draw a new outfit, going into camp meantime near Fort Corcoran. It was not equipped and in readiness for the held till the 8th of October, when it marched to rejoin its division, then in camp near Sliarpsburg, where it arrived two days later, and on the 21st was moved to the mouth of Antietam Creek to cover a ford of the Potomac river. Captain Allen resigned on the 17th of October, and when the new commissions which the several vacancies called for had been issued and the oOicers mustered the list was as follows: Captain. Charles A. riiilli|)s; first lieutenants, Henry 1). Scott and ■Frederick A. Lull of Cambridge; second lieutenants, Peleg W. Blake of New Bedford and Josej)h E. Spear of Quincy. The First Division, Fifth Corps, then commanded by General Butterheld, left Sliarpsburg the 30th of October, being joined by the battery, and marched to Berlin the following day, to Harper's Ferry on the 1st of November, and thence with the corps as it moved southward, encamping on the 9th at Warrenton, where General Burnside took command of the Army of the Potomac, General Butterheld of the Fifth Corps and General Griffin of the First Divis- ion. The march toward Fredericksburg was resumed on the 17th, the battery halting on the 19th at Hartwood Church, but four days later changing cam]) to ()l)tain a better location, beside the Fredericks- burg and Acquia Creek Railroad, about half way from Stoneman's Switch to Potomac Creek. The location was near that of the Third ^lassachusetts Battery and the Eighteenth Massachusetts Regiment, and was occupied by the company most of the time till late the fol- lowing spring. The Fifth took part in the battle of Fredericksburg, crossing the river by the ponton bridge at the lower part of the city about the middle of the afternoon of the 13th of December, and taking posi- tion just outside the city, beside the poor-house. It was shai-jdy engaged till dark and under a heavy fire, but lost only one killed and one wounded. During that night it bivouacked in the city, but 812 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. next morning returned to the former position and remained there till evening of the 15th, when it recrossed the river during the night and returned to the former camp on the railroad. It shared in the " Mud March," from the 20th to the 24th of January, 1863, after which it remained in camp till the Chancellorsville movement had resulted in the establishing of General Hooker's lines at that place, when the Fifth with some of the other batteries of the corps marched across the river and took position near the Chancellor house on the 1st of May. The corps was moved to the left next day, and the battery did not again change its location nor was it engaged till the close of the battle. During the night of the 5th it recrossed the river and returned to the old camp. Following the battle of Chancellorsville the disposition of the artillery with the Army of the Potomac was changed, the batteries attached to each corps being reduced in numbers and organized into a brigade, while the surplus was formed into five brigades known as the Reserve Artillery, General Robert 0. Tyler commanding. Under this arrangement the Fifth Massachusetts became one of the bat- teries of the First Volunteer Brigade, Lieutenant Colonel F. Mc- Gilvery commanding. The other batteries of the brigade were the Fifteenth New York, Independent Battery of Pennsylvania and the Ninth Massachusetts. Camp was changed to White Oak Church on the 27th, and on the 13th of June the march northward was begun. The company reached Fairfax Court House on the 15th, having made but two short stops on the way, and remained there till the 25th, when it marched by way of Edwards Ferry and Frederick City to Taneytown, which it reached on the 30th. The Artillery Reserve were summoned to Gettysburg on the 2d of July and reached there during the forenoon, being parked a mile or more east of the town between the Baltimore pike and the Taney- to>An road. Shortly before Longstreet's attack on the Union left McGilvery's Brigade was ordered into position to the left of the Third Corps, the Fifth being placed next to the Ninth Massachu- setts. The attack on the Third Corps was desperately resisted by the artillery, but the ground could not be held and the battery was obliged to retire. It brought off all its guns, though one of them by hand, and only abandoned one caisson owing to the loss of horses. On the following day it was posted in the line of the Second Corps and assisted in repulsing the great attack by the Confederates. Dur- THE FIFTH liATTERY. 813 ing- tlic two (lays the ])atterv lost seven men killed and died of wounds ; 13 -were wounded, including' Lieutenant Scott shot thr members liaving been added by transfer from other com- mands and 75 recruits being received from Massachusetts, the aggre- gate membership was brought up to 169 ; Lieutenant Russell was promoted to captain and Sergeant William E. Wood of Wrentham was made second lieutenant, soon followed by a promotion to first. Daniel A. Sheen of South Danvers was also commissioned second lieutenant during the spring. During February the company was fully equipped as a six-gun battery, but remained at New Orleans, and in June its numbers were reduced 52 by an order requiring the muster out of all whose term of service expired before the 1st of October following. It was the wisli of General Canby, then in command of the De]iartnient of the (Julf, that this battery should l)e filled to tlie maximum and kejjt in the service, but the war department decreed that all vohinteer light artillery in the department, including the Sixtb, should be mus- tered out. On the 21st of July the command sailed on the trans- port steamer Ashland for New York, going thence by the Providence line to Readville, where it went into camp on the 1st of August. The comjjany was mustered out live days later, and paid and dis- banded on the 10th. THE SEVENTH BATTERY. THE Seventh Light Battery was among the first troops to leave Massachusetts for three years' service, being recruited in Low- ell as an infantry company directly upon the news of the firing on Fort Sumter. It was at first called the Ricliardson Light In- fantry, in honor of George F. Richardson of Lowell, who had been very active in its organization. The company at once tendered its services to the governor of the state for three years. On the 2Ist of May, 1861, it was mustered into the United States service at Boston, and on the following day sailed for Fortress Monroe with this roster of ohicers, commissioned from the 20th of April, 1861: — Captain, Phineas A. Davis of Lowell; first lieutenant, Israel ^N". Wilson of North Billerica ; second lieutenant, William E. Farrar of Lowell. (Lieutenant Wilson left the com})any July 25 to become a captain in the Twenty-ninth Eegiment, when Lieutenant Farrar was advanced to the vacancy and Sergeant AVilliam A. Fifield of Lowell was promoted to the second lieutenancy.) It was intended that the company should be attached to the Third Regiment, then at Fortress Monroe, but on reaching its destination it was assigned to provost duty. Captain Davis being made provost marshal at the Fortress. This routine continued till December 25, when the company was assigned to light artillery drill and duty. On the 17th of March, 1862, the War Department consented to the re-organization of the company as a battery of light artillery, and the necessary changes in officers were made. By this arrangement Lieutenant Fifield became junior first lieutenant and Sergeants Cephas L. Hartwell and Andrew J. Devoll, both of Lowell, were promoted to second lieutenants. Newman W. Storer of Lowell was appointed quartermaster sergeant. In the movement against Norfolk on the 10th of May the com- mand as an infantry company led the advajice, being first to land THE SKVEXTir BArTERY. Sl'3 and forming the right of the Union column. Throe days later it returned to the Fortress and remained there till the 19th of June, when its organization as a battery having been completed, with its ranks filled and an equipment of guns and horses secured, it re- moved to Newport News, cncamj)ing there until July 25. It then marched to Yorktown, where it encamped for two months, l)eing di- rected on the 29th of September to proceed to Suti'olk, Va., which Avas reached on the 2d of October, reporting to General John J. Peck and remaining till midwinter, one section being sent out each night to guard the crossing of the Nansemond river. Orders were received on the 29th of January, 1863, for the bat- tery to report to General Michael Corcoran, and at midnight it set out on the march toward the Blackwater river. Nine miles out the enemy under General Roger A. Pryor were encountered and an en gagement ensued lasting till morning. The Confederates then fell back some two miles and made another stand, when the batterv •with four pieces, two being disabled, carried on the fight for two hours, until the foe retired across the Blackwater. This was the most severe engagement in which the battery participated, its loss being 13 men, two of whom were killed and two mortally woundetl. Changes had already occurred among the oflticers of the command. First Lieutenant Fitield had resigned on the loth of November, and February 17 Second Lieutenant Devoll was dismissed. To fill these vacancies. Second Lieutenant Hartwell was promoted and Sergeants Wilbur G. McCurdy and George F. Critchett, both of Lowell, were commissioned second lieutenants. The battery joined an expedition under Colonel Samuel P. Spear of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry on the 17th of March, travel- ing 46 miles in 17 hours and engaging the enemy at Franklin. (Gen- eral Longstreet laid siege to Suffolk on the 11th of A])ril, and duiing his investment the battery was on the alert with horses harnessed day and night, being engaged on the 12th, 14th and loth of April. On the 3d of May, as the siege was being abandoned, the l)attery crossed the Nansemond with a force under General Getty and went into action on the Pi'ovidence Church road, silencing an o))i)Osing battery. On the 13th, under command of General Robert S. Foster, the Seventh joined in the expedition to Carrsville, being absent eight days, one section being engaged at Holland's House, near Carrsville on the 15th with a loss of one man wounded. 824 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. More active duty began on the 27th of June, when the command marched to Portsmouth, took transports to White House, and on the 1st of July set out from that place with a force under Colonel Spear, going by way of Brandywine Creek and Taylorsville to the crossing of the Virginia Central Railroad and the South Anna river, where on the afternoon of July 4 the enemy was encountered and the command was under fire from 6 o'clock till midnight. During the ten days which followed the battery made its way back to Fort- ress Monroe, passing Hanover Court House, White House and York- town, among other places. On the 15th it was transported to Portsmouth, going into camp at Bower's Hill the following day, but on the 20th embarked for Washington, finding quarters at Camp Marshall on the 22d. It crossed to Alexandria on the 18th of August and took passage on the steamer De Molay for New York, to guard against a repeti- tion of the draft riots. Debarking on the 21st, it encamped on Madison Square, remaining there with no call for service till the 11th of September, when the steamer Salvor took it back to Wash- ington. Locating at Camp Barry, the battery remained there till the. close of the year. During this time an almost entire recon- struction of the roster of officers occurred. First Lieutenants Farrar and Hartwell resigned on tlio 29th of September and 5th of Octol)cr respectively; Captain Davis was promoted to be assistant adjutant general of volunteers October 7; Second Lieutenant Critchett died of disease at Lowell October 30, and Second Lieutenant Mc- (Jurdy, promoted to first lieutenant, resigned January 9, 1864, after liis c-nnnission as captain had been issued. As reconstructed, omit- ting some preliminary changes, the new list of officers was : Captain, Newman W. Storer ; first lieutenants, Charles H. Williams and James W. Bean; seconds lieutenants, Samuel W. Benson and Charles S. Robinson. Benson was of Tewksbury, the others of Lowell. The battery remained at Camj) Barry till the 24th of January when it took cars to Baltimore, embai'king on the 26th on the steamer Arago for Louisiana, sailing the following day. The Cres- cent city was reached February 5, and the command went into quarters at Apollo Stables. During the following month it was at- tached to General G rover's Division (the Second) of the Nineteenth Corps, and March 19 crossed the Mississippi river and loaded the guns upon cars under orders for Brashear City. The order was I THE SEVENTH HATTERY. 825 chanjicd, however, and the Seventh went into camp at Algiers till the 2Tth, when thoy reci-osscd to New Orleans, taking passage on the steamer Luminary lor Alexandria, where they arrived on the olst. Except that one section was stationed at Pineville, the bat- tery remained at Alexandria inactive till early in May, when it began a series of movements which continued intermittently during the entire season. The I'our i»ieccs in camj) were embarlced on two small steamers May 4 as ))art of a force under (Jeneral Nickerson intended to clear the river of guerrillas below Alexandria; but after going as far as Wilson's Plantation and learning that a strong force was posted further down the attempt was aljandoncd. A movement in force toward the Mississippi river began on the 11th, the battery being united and accompanying its division, taking part without loss in an engagement at Mansura on the lllth, con- tinuing the mai'ch next day to Simmsport, and thence to Morganza Bend on the Mississippi where the division encamped. On the 29th the battery joined an exjjedition under General Lawler to Lavonia and the Atchafalaya river, i-eturningto Morganza on the 2d of June. One section went by steamer on the 20th as part of an expedition nnder (icueral Grover to Turnica Bend and Fort Adams, getting back to camp on the 22d, but apart from this the battery rested in camp till the 13th of July. It then took passage on the steamer Colonel Coll)urn to the mouth of the White river in Arkansas, changed to the America and continued its journey to St. Charles, Ark., where it landed and encamped on the 23d. On the 6th of August it went aboard four small steamers and sailed back to Mor- ganza Bend, encamped there from the 13th to the 3d of September, when it returned to St. Charles, reaching there on the 11th and re- maining without incident till October 23. It then proceeded by steamer to Duvall's Bluff, Ark., where two sections debarked and were ])osted, while the other returned to St. Charles, and thus dis- posed they remained till the end of the year. The battery embarked on the steamer Rescue January 10, 1865, and on the loth landed at Kennerville, La., and went into camj) till the Oth of February, whem it again took steamer, sailing aboard the St. Mary to Dauphin Island, Ala., where it landed, forming part of the army gathering for o])eration against Mobile. The movement began on the 17th of March, when the battery crossed the l)ay and was attached to the First Division, Thirteenth Corps. Slow march- 826 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. ing through heavy rains took the division into position in front of Spanish Fort, seven miles east of Mobile, on the 27th, and the bat- tery engaged the fort for some two hours that day, having three men wounded. The fort and its supporting works being so strong as to require siege approaches, the position of the battery was strengthened and it operated from various j^oints against the enemy till the 8th of A})ril. That day the fort was captured hy the Union soldiers, and the Seventh Battery was at once ordered to Blakely, where its division had already gone to assist in the reduction of the fortifications at that point. One section of the battery went into position that night, and next day opened fire, having one man killed, the works in front being carried by assault. This success on the part of General Canby led to the evacuation of Mobile by the Con- federates, and on the 15th the battery took the steamer White Cloud, crossed into the city and went into camp. The movements of the command which followed were long and numerous, but bloodless. Steamer Colonel Cowles was taken on the 20th and the battery reached Selma, Ala., on the 27th, going thence to Montgomery, where it rested from the 30th till May 9, when it broke camp and marched to Providence Landing on the Alabama river, sailing thence by steamer to Mobile and going into camp at Spring Hill on the 16th. On the 30th of June it left for Galveston, Tex., sailing on the steamers N. P. Banks and Montauk, reaching that port July 3. It remained there till the 9th, when it moved to Houston, stopping for a time, but returned to Galveston, turned over its equipment and prepared to return to Massachusetts. Delays ensued, and the command did not leave New Orleans till October 14, when it sailed on the steamer Guiding Star. The vessel grounded on the bar at the mouth of the river that evening, and was not floated till the 19th, when it once more got under way. On the 22d a severe gale came on, increasing to a tempest the following night, the steamer getting into the trough of the sea and the 'men working the pumps for 36 hours, when, the wind having abated, the vessel put in to Port Royal for coal, finally reaching New York on the 2d of November. The soldiers of the battery arrived at Boston the next day, going into camp on Gallop's Island in the Harbor till the preparations for their muster out were completed. That event occurred on the 10th, and two days later they were paid off and discharged, after a service of over four and a half years. THE EIGHTH BATTERY. THE Eighth Battery of Light Artillery was organized in re- sponse to the call of the President of the United States on the 26th of May, 1862, for the active militia of Massachu- setts to be sent forward at once, the call being due to the danger felt at Washington owing to the defeat of General Banks in the Shenandoah Yalley. On the following day Captain Cook, who had commanded the First Battery during the three-months' term of 1861, was authorized to raise a battery for six months. In three days 40 men were sworn into service, and encamped at Camp Came- ron, North Cambridge. Additional squads were mustered almost daily till the ranks were filled, and on the 25th of June, with guns, horses and equipments complete, the command set out for Washing- ton. The officers were as follows : — Captain, Asa M. Cook of Somerville; first lieutenants, Charles ^I. Grilfin of Boston and John N. Coffin of Somerville; second lieuten- ants, James AY. Garland of Boston and George W. Evans of Somer- ville; sergeant major. James W. Kirk of South Scituate; first ser- geant, Daniel W. Mcrritt; quartermaster sergeant, Harry D. Little- field, both of Boston. A serious disaster occurred during the journey to the capital. A little distance beyond Trenton, N. J., the train left the track, several of the cars being thrown into the canal; two men and 13 horses were killed, several other men were injured, and much of the bat- tery property was destroyed. The command returned to Trenton to refit where it was most kindly entertained till ready to I'esume the journey on the 27th. On reaching Washington it remained near the railroad till the 1st of July, when it crossed Long Bridge, being assigned to Cook's Brigade of Sturgis's Reserve Corps, and till the 8th of August encamped near Fairfax Seminary. It was then detached under orders to join General Burnside's Ninth Corps, 828 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. and marched to Alexandria, where it took steamer to Accjuia Creek, marching thence to Fahnouth, opposite Fredericksburg, where it joined the corps, being assigned to General Stevens's Division. It remained in camp from the 11th to the 14th, when it marched to join the Army of Virginia under General Pope, then located near Culpeper, and on the 17th took position near the right of the army. From the 20th to the 23d the battery guarded Barnett's Ford while the army was falling back to the Rappahannock, one section being detached and engaged in a skirmish at Sulphur Springs at the same time. In the battle of Manassas, or the Second Bull Run, the bat- tery took part with its division, and again at Chantilly, without loss. In the battle of South Mountain, on the 14th of September, the Eighth, still attached to the First Division, Ninth Corps, then com- manded by General Willcox, was posted in an exposed position at the left of the Union lines, and suffered its greatest loss of men in action, having one killed and four wounded. At the battle of An- tictam it also took an active part. On the 17th it occupied several positions on each side of the Antietam, receiving hearty commen- dations from General Willcox for its efficient service. During the following night it held a position on the west side of the creek, being probably the only battery of General Burnside's left wing on tha' side, and maintained its i)osition till late the next day, when it was relieved, having lost but one man wounded. After the battle it encamped near the Potomac at the mouth of An- tietam Creek till the 5th of October, when it was ordered to Wash- ington to exchange its armament for guns of longer range, but being unable to do so returned to the Army of the Potomac in season to take ])art in the advance into Virginia. A detachment from the company while returning through Maryland captured several members of Stuart's cavalry with some recruits for his command, and consider- able contraband property, all at the house of a disloyal Marylander. It accompanied the Army of the Potomac for a few weeks, but soon after General Burnside took comnmnd,the term of enlistment having about expired, the battoy was ordered to Washington where it was mustered out of the United States service and set out for Massachusetts November 29. One change only occurred in the ros- ter of officers during the period of service; Lieutenant Gritlin re- signing on the 20th of September, each junior officer being pro- moted and Sergeant Major Kirk being made second lieutenant. THE NINTH BATTERY. THE Ninth Light Battery was recruited during- the summer of lSC)-2, its officers being commissioned July 31 and August 6 and most of the men being mustered on the 10th of the hitter month. For a time the rendezvous was at Camp Stanton, Lynnlieki, though .hiter at Camp Meigs, Readville. On the 3d of September it left for Washington, with the following officers and a full comple- ment of enlisted men : — Captain. Achille De Yecchi of Boston; first lieutenants, Christopher Eriekson of l^oston and Alexander H. Whitaker of Roxbury; second lieutenants, George Warren 1-^ostcr of Charlestown and Richard Swctt Milton of West Roxbury; f]uartcrmaster sergeant, James W. Reed, Jr., of West Roxbury; first sergeant, George H. Prescott of Boston. The battery arrived at Washington on the Tth, and on reporting to General Casey in command of the defenses was assigned to Camp Seymour on Capitol Hill, where it remained for two weeks. It was then ordered to Camp Chase on Arlington Hights in Virginia and located there till the 27th of October, when camp was shifted across the river to Camp Barry, near the BladensburgToll Gate, where the command was vigorously drilled in artillery tactics. The location was again moved across the Potomac on the 19th of November, and within a few days the right section was quartered at Fort Buffalo and the rest of the battery at Fort Ramsay, — the latter at Upton's Hill and the former a mile beyond at the crossing of the Lecsburg Turnpike. Here as part of the Twenty-second Army Corps it re- mained, with an occasional movement through the surrounding coun- try, till the spring was well advanced. Captain De Vecchi, who as an artillery officer had seen much service in Europe, resigned Janu- ary 26, 1803, and was succeeded by John Ijigelow of Brighton. The battery moved to Centerville on the 17th of April and re- mained there till the Gettysburg campaign, when it broke camji and 830 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. on the 25th of June marched to Fairfax Court House, going thence by way of Edwards Ferry and Frederick City to Taneytown, Md., which it reached on the 30th. It was at that time attached to the First Volunteer Brigade, Artillery Reserve of the Army of the Potomac, Lieutenant Colonel McGilvrcy commanding, the other batteries of the brigade being the Fifth Massachusetts, Fifteenth New York and Independent Battery of Pennsylvania. On the 2d of July it marched to Gettysburg and took part in its first battle, being placed in support of the Third Corps at the left of the Union lines. As that corps was forced back in the battle of the afternoon, it was among the last of the artillery to retire, and on reaching the angle of two stone walls was ordered to hold the position to the last moment to give time for the formation of a line in the rear. In effect, Captain Bigelow was ordered to sacrifice his battery to save the others, and nobly responded to the demand. The guns had been fired by prolonge till this point was reached, when a Confederate brigade having closed in on both flanks and 50 of the battery horses having been killed, four of the guns were necessarily abandoned, such of the artillerists as could do so ex- tricating themselves from the enveloping lines of the foe. The guns, were later regained under cover of the fire from the reformed batteries in the rear. The loss of the command was very severe, 11 having been killed or mortally wounded, including both first lieutenants ; 16 were wounded, and two were taken prisoners. Lieu- tenant Erickson was killed on the spot, and Lieutenant Whitaker received wounds of which he died on the 20th. The battery was left with but one commissioned officer and one sergeant for duty; yet it was engaged the following day on Cemetery Hill, meeting a further loss of five horses. From Gettysburg to the winter quarters of the Army of the Potomac at Brandy Station, which were reached December 3, the battery accompanied the army in all its marchings back and forth, including the attempted Mine Run campaign; but it was not in action during all these wanderings. To fill the vacancies in the roster of officers, the two second lieutenants were advanced to first lieutenants, and the quartermaster sergeant and first sergeant were made second lieutenants. Up to the close of the year 1863, eight recruits had been received and the loss from all causes had been 39, reducing the original membershij) of 146 to 115. With this well- THE NINTH BATTERY. 831 disciplined force the Ninth set out upon the spring campaign of 1864. It was at that time attached to the Third Brigade of Reserve Artillery, Major Robert H. Fitzhugh commanding, the associate bat- teries of the brigade being B and C of the Eleventh New York, Battery H, First Ohio, and E, Fifth United States. The camp at Brandy Station was quitted on the 4th of May and the battery during the day crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford. As next to no artillery was employed on either side during the battle of the Wilderness, the Ninth were not engaged, but the battery was detached from the reserve and was in position during the battle ))ro- tecting the supply trains and the camj); one man was wounded. It was not till the 16th that it rejoined the reserve, and on the follow- ing day, having been reduced to a four-gun battery, it reported to the Artillery Brigade of the Fifth Corps, commanded by Colonel Wainright. From that time to the 21st it formed part of the line of the Fifth Corps in front of Spottsylvania, but was not engaged. . Moving southward on the 21st in company with the First Divis- ion, the battery reached the North Anna the following day, and on the 23d crossed at Jericho Ford, taking part in the engagement which followed, having one man killed. After remaining in position till the 25th, it was relieved and the day following recrosscd at Quarles Ford. On the 27th the Pamunkey was crossed near Han- over Town, and on the 30th the battery moved across Totopotomy Creek and was in action during the fighting of that afternoon. It moved to the vicinity of Bethesda Church next day, and to the Mechanicsville Road on the 2d of June, where it engaged and silenced a Confederate battery which had an enfilading lire on the Union line. Three days later the Fifth Corps was withdrawn from the right of the Union line and took position in reserve at Cold Harbor, pending the movement across the James river. In this change of position the Fifth Corps took the advance, and after crossing the Chickahominy deployed across the roads leading toward Richmond, while the ether corps in the rear pushed for the James. In carrying out this program the Ninth set forth on the evening of the 11th and reached Wilcox Landing on the James the 13th. That river was crossed the 16th, a night march followed, and the battery halted in front of Petersburg on the 17th. It was sharply engaged on the Baxter road, near the Avery House — the left of the Union line — on the 18th. when it covered the advance of 832 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the charging brigades of the Fifth Corps, in the general attempt to advance the Union lines, the battery talcing and holding a position for three days within 500 yards of the Confederate inner line, and having a loss during the day of two killed and five wounded. The Ninth were on the 21st assigned to the Thh'd Division, Fifth Corps, (Pennsylvania Reserves,) General Crawford commanding, and on the 24th took position in a redoubt on the Jerusalem road, directly in the rear of which Fort Davis was being constructed. This position was occupied till the 12th of July with a loss of but one man wounded, when, Fort Davis having been completed, the battery took position within it, commanding the ground to the left of the Plank road. It was relieved from garrison duty there on the 1-lth of August, and on the 18th moved with its division to the Weldon Railroad, going into battery between the Second and Third Divisions of the Corps and becoming engaged that afternoon, with a loss of one wounded. That night the position was intrenched, and the battery assisted in repulsing the two attacks of the follow- ing day. The nature of the ground being unfavorable to the Union lines, which narrowly escaped a disastrous flank attack by General Mahone's Division on the 19th, a stronger position was taken to the rear, where on the 21st a heavy attack was repulsed, the battery being in action some three hours. On the 2d of September it joined in a reconnaissance by its division and a cavalry force toward the Southside Railroad, and on the 3d was located in Fort Dushane, a fortification near the Weldon Railroad at Globe Tavern, or Yellow Tavern, named in honor of Colonel Dushane, commander of the Maryland Brigade, killed in the battle of the 21st of August. The Battery was at this time commanded by Lieutenant Milton, Captain Howard being absent on leave from August 10 to December 12. On the 30th of September it accompanied a column to Peebles Farm, but was not engaged, and on returning resumed its quarters in Fort Dushane, but October 6 relieved the Eleventh Massachusetts Light Battery in Fort Howard, some .distance to the right and in the front line of works. On the 27th it went with Crawford's Divis- ion to Hatcher's Run and assisted in covering the withdrawal of a part of the Second Corps, when it returned to camp near Globe Tavern and was once more made a six-gun organization. It was on the 2d of December assigned to General Ayers's Second Division, Fifth Corps, and on the 7th started on a railroad-destroying trip south- THE HINTII 1',ATTKI:Y. 833 ward, followinji' tlic line of the Wcltlni rnnd beyond tlie Nottaway river. Returninu- to canip near Yellow Tavern, tlie Ijattei-y on the 12th welcomed back Captain Jjigelow, and a week later went into winter rjnartcrs near "Red House," the guns being for a time j)lac('d in Fort Rice, in the line of works held by the Ninth Corjis. After re- maining there a few weeks they were I'eturned to the camp of the cais- sons, and through the winter alternated between the two locations. During the year the l)a'tery had gained 50 in numl)ers, G9 recruits having been received, while the total losses had been but 19. Soon after returning to the command of the battery, Captain Bigelow, who had received the brevet of major, resigned on account of ill- health, as did Second Lieutenant Prcscott, followed a month later, January 16, 18G5, by Second Lieutc>nant Reed. To fill the vacancies thus created, Lieutenant Milton was i>r(jmoted to captain : First Sergeant George Murray of Boston was made second lieutenant and soon after first lieutenant; George Booth, Jr., of Boston was ap- •pointed from civil life, anil William Park, Jr., of Boston was j)ro- moted to (ill the second lieutenancies. The Ninth left Fort Rice on the 4th of February and the day fol- lowing went with the corps to Hatcher's Run, being absent six days and suffering much from the stormy weather, but taking no active part in the engagements. On the 23d the command was further strengthened by the addition of the detachment left behind by the First Massachusetts Battery when its term of service expired. From the 4th to the 27th of March the battery occupied Fort Rice, when it was transferred to the xVrtillery Brigade of the Ninth Corj)s, commanded by Colonel Tidball, and took position in the lines manned by that corps. During the final sti-uggle before lVtersl)urg on the 1st and 2d of April it had an active part, though without casualties. On the 3d, after "turning in" two of its guns, it joined in the pursuit of the retreating Confederates, going as far as Nott- away Court House, where it stopped for a fortnight. It then re- turned by way of Petersburg to City Point, and became once more a part of the Artillery Reserve of the Army of the Potomac, a few days later marching to the vicinity of Washington. It left for Massachusetts on the 1st of June, reaching Boston on the 3d and going into camp on Gallop's Island. The command was mustered out of the service on the 6th by Captain Krwutinger of the United States Army, and paid and disbanded on the Uth. THE TENTH BATTERY, THE Tenth Light Battery was authorized by a special order of Governor Andrew dated August 12, 1862, Henry H. Granger being designated as the recruiting officer, the company to be filled by the 16th. Two recruiting offices were opened in Boston, and in a few days the quota of 156 men was complete. On the 23d the command went into camp at Lynnfield, remaining there for a few days when it was transferred to Camp Stanton at Boxford, where on the 9th of September, it was mustered into the United States service by Lieutenant Elder. Captain Sleeper, promoted from a lieutenancy in the First Battery, arrived on the 29th and took com- mand, the roster of officers being as follows : — Captain, J. Henry Sleeper; first lieutenants, Henry H. Granger and J. Webb Adams, all of Boston; second lieutenants, Asa Smith of Ipswich and Thomas R. Armitage of Charlestown; first sergeant, Otis N. Har- rington of Brookline; quartermaster sergeant, S. Augustus Alden. Leaving Boston on the 14th of October with his full complement of men and 110 horses. Captain Sleeper proceeded by way of the Old Colony Railroad to Fall River, taking the steamer State of Maine thence to Jersey City and resumed cars tor Washington via Phila- delphia and Baltimore, reaching the national capital during the night of the 15th, and going into quarters at Camp Barry near the Bladensburg Toll Gate on the 17th. Here the organization was completed and the command drilled during the remainder of the fall, receiving their armament of six three-inch rifled Rodman guns on the 17th of December. Marching orders were received on the 26th, and the following morn- ing the command set out by easy movements for Poolesville, which was reached on the 28th, the battery going into camp in the vicinity of the Thirty-ninth Massachusetts and Fourteenth New Hampshire THE TENTH BATTERY. 835 Rcg-iments, with a small force of cavalry near by. Stables were built and a comfoi-taltlc camp was laid out, named Cam)) Davis, in honor of the colonel of the Thirty-ninth, in which the Tenth re- mained without notable incident till sprinu'. Then the two infantry regiments were withdrawn, leaving the cavalry and the battery the only troops at that point except that two regiments, the Tenth Ver- mont and the Twenty-third Maine, were scattered along the Potomac at the different fords. The battery then moved on the 18th of April, 1863, to Camp Heintzelman, a mile from the village, locating in new quarters, the center section under Lieutenant Smith being early in May sent to Edwards Ferry, where it took position com- manding the crossing and the mouth of Goose Creek in the opposite sliore. With an occasional alarm and the linal assembling of the entire battery on advantageous ground the time passed till June 24, when the small force in the vicinity of Poolesville marched u|) the Potomac and on the 26th joined the command of General French ■opposite Harper's Ferry. General French had now an independent force of some 11,000 men, with which he was required by the authorities at Washington to hold that point, which force General Hooker, commanding the Army of the Potomac, then moving northward in quest of the Con- federate army under Lee, desired to add to his army. Not receiving the authority to do so. Hooker resigned his command, General Meade was appointed his successor and given permission to do as he pleased with French's garrison. He did exactly what Hooker had wished to do, — so far as to withdraw the force from Maryland Hights ; but instead of adding them at once to the Army of the Potomac left the main body at Frederick City, employing about a third of the command as train guards between there and Washington. So it was that late on the 30th of June the Ten!h Battery in a drenching rain set out on the march which next day ended at Frederick, the battery with the Tenth Vermont Regiment and some cavalry going next day to the Junction, some three miles distant, where the rest of Morris's Brigade soon gathered, for the protection of the rail- road bridge at that point. This service was of short duration, as two sections were sent back to the city on the 6th of July for provost duty, and on the 8th the battery with the other troops of General French's command was assigned to the Third Corps of the Army of the Potomac, then 836 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. passing- tlirougli the city toward Williamsport. General French took temporary command of the corps, and Captain Sleeper was placed in charge of the corps supply train. Without heing engaged, or taking any prominent part, the battery marched to Williamsport, shared in the disappointment at the escape of the Confederates; then turned down the river, crossing into Virginia at Harper's Ferry on the 19tli and making its way southward as the army moved. The Third Corps, the Tenth Battery included, was thrown into position at Manassas Gap on the 23d, in the expectation of a battle, but it proved that only a small force of the enemy had been posted there. They withdrew during the night and the Federal column resumed its march next day, finally halting near Warrenton, the battery accompanying the corps on the 31st to Sulphur Springs; where a camp was established near the Rappahannock and occupied till the middle of September. Then a forward movement began on the 15th, the Union army crossed the Rappahannock and on the ITth the battery came to a halt near Culpeper, where another sea- son of inactivity ensued. On the 10th of October it was suddenly ordered into line of battle, owing to the movements of the Confede- rate army, and the following day began the northward movement which resulted from the maneuvering of the two armies, — that of Lee to get between the Union army and Washington and of Meade to prevent that purpose being consummated. It was during this period that the Tenth first went into action on the 13th near the little hamlet of Auburn. As the head of the column approached the place it Avas fired upon from the woods near the highway, and the battery, being the one nearest the scene, was hurried into position to rake the forest with canister. A few rounds drove the small force of the enemy^ — a part of Stuart's cavalry — from the scene, and the march was resumed, the Tenth having lost two men severely wounded. The fortifications about Centerville w^ere reached and occupied by the Union army next day, realizing which, General Lee began to retire, and after waiting till satisfied of the fact, Geueral Meade follovred on the lOtli, but not very rapidly, as the Southern army had destroyed the railroad while in their possession, and it had to be repaired as the Federal troops ad- vanced, to furnish a means of communication with the base of sup- plies at Alexandria. The battery reached Catlett's Station on the 21st and went into camp there till November 7. I THE TENTH BATTERY. 837 Camp was then broken and the Tenth acconijjanied the Third Corps as part of the left column in the movement against the enemy's position at Kelly's Ford, while the right wing of the army captured the outposts at Rappahannock Station. The river was reached about noon, and soon after the battery was placed to com- mand the village of Kelly sville and the vicinity. It soon became engaged, not only driving back a Confederate battery which oi)cned upon it but rendering good service in the general fighting which en- >;ued, the Union troops crossing the river in force and advancing next day to Brandy Station, near which the corps halted and the battery went into camp, the enemy having fallen back across the Rapidan. Tbc l)attery took ])art in the Mine Run expedition, leaving camp early in the morning of the 26th, reaching Robertson's Tavern about noon of the 28th, going into position with its corps in front of the enemy at Mine Run, and opening with its guns at the time appointed for the general assault. But the attack was not made, and with the other troops the Tenth returned to the old camp near Brandy Station, having suffered greatly from the severe cold and the other hardships of the march. In this camp the winter passed. Thus far since joining the Army of the Potomac the Tenth had been connected with the First Division of the Third Corps, General Birney commanding. In ])repa ration for the spring campaign of 1864 the army was consolidated to three corps, the Third being abolished, and under that arrangement the battery found itself attached to Gen- eral Hancock's Second Corps, of which General Birney's command formed the Third Division, and Captain Sleeper elected to follow the fortunes of his division commander in the new organization. During the winter some changes had occurred in the company, and (|uite a number of new recruits had been received. First Ser- geant Harrington had died of disease at Washington July 30, 1863, Charles E. Pierce of Brookline succeeding to the office; Lieutenant Armitage resigned February 6, 1864, and Quartermaster Sergeant "William E. Rollins was promoted to the vacancy, the latter being in turn succeeded by W. H. Fitzpatrick of Boston. On the 8th of xVpril, owing to the consolidation, the camp of the Tenth waschanged to near Stevensburg, andjon the 22d jtart was taken in the general review of the army by General Grant. The marching orders opening the campaign of 1864 came on the 3d of Mav, and at 8 o'clock that evening the batterv moved out some 838 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. four miles and parked. During the 4th tlie Rapidan was crossed at Ely's Ford by the Second Corps, and that night bivouac was made on the Chancellorsville battle-field. Todd's Tavern was reached before noon of the 5th, and the corps was resting there when it was summoned back to the battle of the Wilderness. The battery took position near the crossing of the Brock and Orange Plank roads, on what was known as Poplar Neck Ridge, about the only point in Hancock's lines where artillery could be placed, save at the plank road itself. Its position was changed several times within the nar- row limits possible, but it was only once slightly engaged. During the forenoon of the 6th a hostile battery suddenly opened fire from the edge of the woods opposite, which the Tenth returned so vigor- ously as to dismount one gun and drive the rest out of position. The battery accompanied the Second Corps to Spottsylvania and was called upon for active work in connection with the retreat of the corps from the south side of the river Po on the 10th. Having itself returned from the other side, it was put in position to assist in covering the withdrawal of General Barlow's Division, though unable to render very effective service owing to the close quarters at which the engagement across the river was being fought. It was, however, under severe fire, and in addition to several horses had one man killed and two wounded. During the night of the 11th the battery spent much of the time making its tedious way through darkness and mud to the Brown House, but did not take part in the conflict at "the Angle," though under fire, losing one man wounded and moving from point to point during the day in the heavy rain. Next day the drivers brought off a gun and five caissons which had been captured by General Hancock. From that time till the 20th, the battery was in motion every day and picked its way over much of the region to the left of the Brown House, to which point it generally returned ; but it was not further engaged. At this time, in common with the other light batteries of the army, it was reduced to four guns, the pieces of the center section being " turned in." On the evening of the '20th. the south- ward march was resumed, the North Anna being reached on the 22d. The Tenth at once went into battery at a favorable point over- looking the river and joined in an artillery duel with a Confederate battery, blowing up a limber chest and driving away the guns. Late on the 23d the Tenth crossed the river under fire, remaining there THE TENTH BATTERY. 839 three days, and on the morning of the 27th moved southward, its corps forming the rear of the army. The Pamunkey was crossed on the 28th, and on the 30th the battery went into position at Jones's Farm, losing one man killed by a sharpshooter. For two days this position was held with considerable activity on the part of the guns, when the order was received to set out for Cold Harbor. The battery, after a hard night's march, reached the left of the Union linos during the forenoon of June 2, and after waiting some time for orders relieved a New Jersey battery, the movement being made under fire and the Tenth becoming immediately engaged. After dark the guns were advanced to the front line of works, oc- cupied by Gibbon's Division, and soon after half-])ast 4 the next morning the right piece was fired as the signal for the assault upon the enemy's work. The general attack and the repulse were over in a few minutes, but the artillery did not cease, the Tenth firing all the forenoon, expending all their ammunition and using that of another battery. Their guns also joined in the repulse of the night attacks made by the Confederates, and next morning were ordered still further to the front and left ; where behind strong defenses at the angle of the works the battery was located nearer to the hostile lines than any other Federal artillery. This position was held with- out casualty during the rest of the time spent before Cold Harbor, the sobriquet of " Saucy Battery " being bestowed upon the Tenth on account of its location and the zest with which it improved every opi)()rtunity to make its mettle felt. The march to the left was resumed on the night of the 12th, and during the afternoon of the 15th the James river was crossed at Wilcox Landing on the Winnissimmet, formerly a Boston and Chel- sea ferry-boat whicli many of .the men quickly recognized. The following evening the Tenth went into battery in front of Peters- burg, and during the ITth, by direction of General Birney, fired probably the first shells thrown into the city. From time to time the guns were moved to the front till during the night of the 19th they were placed on a hillside within 250 yards of the enemy's works — a very critical situation owing to the incessant sharpshooting. From this point they were withdrawn on the afternoon of the 21st, and soon after moved westward toward the Jerusalem road, where on the afternoon of the 22d the Confederates ])enctratcd be- tween the Second and Sixth Corps and inflicted considerable loss 840 irASSACIIUSETTS IN THE WAR. upon the former. The battery was in the reserve line, and awaited an attack, but the Confederates were satisfied with the partial suc- cess they had attained, and a period of comparative inaction fol- lowed. Some two weeks later the battery moved back toward the right, and remained in reserve till the 26th of July, when it crossed the Appomattox and the James on ponton bridges, landing near Deep Bottom, taking part in the engagement of the next day, and returning to Petersburg on the night of the 29th. The old camp was reoccupied till August 18, when another movement was made across the Appomattox at Point of Rocks, the Tenth parking within General Butler's lines near Bermuda Hundred and taking no part in the operations across the James. On the 21st they returned to camp, but immediately moved to the left in support of the movement of the Fifth Corps against the Weldon Railroad at Reams Station. Early in the morning of the 23d the Tenth broke camp, crossed the railroad at the station and took position in the works on both sides of the Dinwiddle road. Here they remained till the 25th, when the disastrous engagement with the Confederates under Gen- eral Heth resulted in the capture of the four guns of the battery, after a stubborn fight in which all the ammunition was expended, 54 of the 59 horses were killed or disabled, one caisson only being- saved, and the command suffering a loss of 29 men out of less than 70 taken into action. Of that number, five were killed or mortally wounded, 19 taken prisoners, several of whom died in captivity, and four othei's wounded, including Captain Sleeper severely in the arm. After this decimation and the loss of their guns, the Tenth en- cam[)ed at the rear till a new outfit could be obtained. On the 20th of September, the horses and equipments having been previously re- ceived, a detail went to City Point and brought back the new guns, — four three -inch Parrotts. Four days later at evening the command went to the front, relieving a battery of regulars and taking position just east of Fort Morton, in Battery XIV, to the right of the Con- federate salient blown up on the 30th of July. During this month and the following, 25 recruits were received, and in October the Tenth was again made a six-gun battery by the addition of two more Parrotts. During this time its pieces remained in the redoubt, taking an active part in the continuous cannonading by day and night. At night of the 24th the battery was relieved by tlie Eighth Ohio, and drew quietly to the rear, halting near the Norfolk Railroad. THE TENTH n ATT Eli Y. 841 Gil)l)()n's and Mott's Divisions of ihe Second Corps wore to make another attempt to extend the Union lines to the left, and on the 2Gth tlie cohimn moved to Globe Tavern on the Weldon Railroad, from which on the 27th it pushed to the southwest till the IJovd- town Plank road was reached,, near the junction of the Dabney's Mill road. Here the Tenth halted, the skirmishers having encount- ered the enemy ; but in a short time Lieutenant Granger, command- ing in the absence of Captain Sleeper, was ordered into action, tak- ing position near the junction of the White Oak road a half-mile away. There it Confronted Confederates with artillery located to the west, up the White Oak road ; but just then a force of the enemy was seen making for the Union right flank and threatening the bridge over Hatcher's Run. The center section under Lieutenant Smith was sent to pay attention to this force and soon expended its available ammunition, when it was ordered by General Egan to re- tire ; having withdrawn his guns Lieutenant Smith reported the fact to his battery commander, when he was struck down by a mortal wound from which he died on the 29th. \\\ the mean time the four guns had been assailed in the rear bv a strong Confederate force which threatened to cut them off altogether. Almost surrounded, the unshrinking gunners lircd to the rear and then to the flank till their ammunition was exhausted, when Lieutenant Granger took the responsibility of attemi»ting to withdraw his guns and save them from capture. This he succeeded in doing, reaching the caissons and securing a fresh supply of am- munition, when the battery again took ])osition, under artillerv (ire to which it was not allowed to respond. At this time Lieutenant Granger was mortally wounded, dying on the 30th, and the com- mand was left without a commissioned officer. Lieutenant Smith of Battery K, Fourth L^nited States Artillery, being detailed to take temporary command. Just l)efore midnight the company withdrew from the field, having, in addition to the two officers, lost one man killed and two wounded, seven horses and one gun disaljled. The battery returned to Globe Tavern that night, the following day to the old camp, and on the 29th quarters were taken in Foit Steven- son. One section was presently detached to Fort Blaisdell. near l)y, and with this disj)osition some time was passed uneventfully. Cap- tain Sleeper, who had received the bievet of majoi-. returned to the command oi the battery. Lieutenjint Adams, who had been on de- 842 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. tached service, also came back, and Second Lieutenant Rollins was advanced to junior first lieutenant. Milbrey Green of Dorchester, who had been a lieutenant for three years in the First Massachusetts Battery, and Sergeant George H. Day of the Tenth were commis- sioned second lieutenants, thus filling the roster once more. On the 8th of December the command was relieved by a New York battery and took the location vacated by the latter near Poplar Spring Church. The next day another movement to the left was begun, but after marching two or three miles the Tenth halted in the woods owing to a storm, and after a very uncomfortable night there returned to the intrenchments, being assigned to quarters in Forts Emory and Siebert. This disposition continued till the 5th of February, 1865, when the battery was called under the command of Lieutenant Adams (Captain Sleeper being absent on leave) to accompany the Second Division, Second Corps, commanded by Gen- eral Smythe, which with the Third Division moved out by the Yaughan road to the vicinity of Hatcher's Run. Here the battery went into ])osition, the three sections at different points, and late in the afternoon the Confederates in force attacked and attempted to turn General Smythe's right flank. The left and center sections of the battery under command of Lieutenants Adams and Green were enabled to deliver an oblique and enfilading fire which was very •effective. Three separate charges of Mahone's Confederate Division were repulsed within an hour, dliring which the two sections fired nearly 300 rounds and received high commendation from all sources for the skill and energy of the assistance rendered. Three horses were lost during the battle but not a man of the company was severely injured. A severe storm set in next day, and great discomfort resulted, but the fighting went on. The Fifth corps made an attempt to extend the Union lines to the left, but an impetuous attack threw the troops into disorder, and an attack upon the Second Corps followed, but was repulsed. The Union lines Avere then extended and fortified from Fort Gregg to Hatcher's Run, and some 600 yards to the rear of the spot where it had done such valiant service a fortification known as "Battery E" was erected for the special occupancy of the Tenth. Yery complete quarters were at once constructed, and occupied for several weeks. Captain Sleeper resigned and bade adieu to his command on the 27th, Lieutenant Adams was promoted THE TENTH BATTERY. S4.3 to the captaincy, and othci- ])r()ni«)tions folloAvcd in order, First Ser- geant George M. Townsend being made junior second lieutenant. About the middle of March the Tenth Avas again reduced to a four-gun battery in preparation for the spring campaign ; but the movement did not begin till the 29th, when the guns were posted in front of what had been the lines of the Union army, the Second Corps was extended to the left and began to feel its way forward. Several changes of position were made by the battery, but it was not till the morning of Ajtril 2 that from the Boydtown road it opened fire upon the Confederate works. As the enemy began to leave, Mott's Division pressed forward and soon had p()ssessi(.)n. About noon the battery passed through the works and at night bivouacked near Petersburg. Next morning it was off on the trail of the retreating Confederates, and from that time till the surrender it accompanied the Second Corps in the direct pursuit, often opening fire but meeting with no serious resistance. The last shots were fired at sundown of the 7th a few miles beyond Farmville, when two shells abandoned by the enemy Avere lired back to their former owners — the last shots fired by the artillery of the Second Corps. After the surrender of the. southern army the battery marched back to Burkesville Junction where it went into camji on the 14th, remaining till the 2d of May. Then the march was taken up via Richmond and Fredericksburg to Bailey's Cross Roads, near Wash- ington, where camp was established on the 13th and the command remained some two weeks. Following the grand review in Wash- ington, orders were received to turn in the guns and horses: only one of the latter being of the 110 that had come from Massachu- setts nearly three years before. On the 2d of June the command took cars for home, readiing there in due time and going into camp on Gallop's Island till the 14th, when the men were paid and mus- tered out, becoming peaceful citizens once more. THE ELEVENTH BATTERY. THE Eleventh Light Battery was the only artillery organization sent forth under the nine-months' call. It was recruited in and about Boston, organizing at Camp Meigs, Readville, and was mustered into service on the 25th of August, 1862, with this list of officers : — Captain, Edward J. Jones; first lieutenants, Lucius Cummings and Isaac Pierce, all of Boston; second lieutenants, Edward P. Morrill of Boston and John P. Sawin of Roxbury; sergeant major, George W. Booth of Watertown; quartermaster sergeant, Frederick M. Marsh of Boston. . , Leaving camp on the 3d of October, the company reported to Washington for orders and was at first sent to General Casey's Division and stationed at Camp Barry near Bladensburg Toll Gate, D. C. On the 19th of November it was assigned to General Aber- crombie's command at Hall's Flill, Va., where it was stationed till the 28th, when it reported to Colonel Randall, commanding the Third Vermont Brigade at Fairfax Station. The following day the brigade advanced to Union Mills, picketing the line from Wolf Run Shoals to Centerville. Colonel Randall was soon relieved in the command by Colonel D'Utassy, and the latter on the 1st of Febru- ary, 1863, by General Alexander Hays. During the winter, the brigade having no cavalry attachment, the company, in connection with the Keystone Battery, frequently acted as cavalry, scouting through the surrounding country. The troops being increased in numl)er after General Hays took command, the Eleventh were as- signed to duty as garrison of the two principal forts on Centerville Hights, but still continued to furnish details for scouting and re- connoitering. The command was relieved by Captain Sleeper's Tenth Battery on the 18th of April, and reported for service at Upton's Hill where THE ELFA'KNTll BATTERY. 845 it remained in <;-arris(in at Forts Riimsey and Buffalo till the 23d of May, when it reported to Brigailior (General Barry at Washinnton, turned over the government property and set foi-th for Massachu- setts, not having lost a man from any cause during its nine months of service. I^oston was reached on the 28th, and the day following the battery was mustei'ed out of the national service, resuming its position as a portion of the First Division of Massachusetts Militia. THE THin:i:-YKAns' term. During the winter of 18t)3-4 the battery was reorganized and enlisted for three years, again occupying Camp Meigs for the pur- pose. It was mustered on the 2d of January, 18G4, with the fol- lowing roster of ollicers: — Captaiu, Edward J. Jones of Boston; first lieutenants, Edward P. Morrill of Boston and George AV. Booth of Cambridge; second lieu- tenants, AVilliaui Woodsum of Boston and George W. Sanliorn of Ch:irlestown ; quarterniMster sergeant, George T. Breed of Boston; first sergeant, Edward E. Souther of Chelsea. The command left Readville on the 5th of Fel)ruary for Washing- ton, where it went into camp till the 9th of April, when it was as- signed to the Ninth Corps, then reorganizing at Baltimore, being attached to the Second Division. Passing through Washington on the 2")th. the battery thenceforth shared the fortunes of the corps to which it was attached, taking part in all its engagements. At North Anna it was attached to General Hancock's command while the action there was in progress, and during the siege of Petersburg it did faithful and arduous work from the beginning to the close. Its casualties were few. Two men were killed and three wounded from the 19th to the 22d of June, three more were wounded during July, and in August Lieutenant Woodsum received a disabling wound, from the effects of which he resigned five months later, Sergeant Souther being promoted. Lieutenant Morrill was dis- charged September 5 on account of disability and was succeeded by Harry D. Littlelicld of Roxbury. The battery reported to (General AVarren commanding the Fifth Corps on the 19th of August, and took part in the battle for the possession of the Wcldon Railroad on the 21st and 22d, being with the First Alassachusetts Cavalry on the left of the Federal line. From this time forward it was faithfully in the front lines Ijefore 840 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Petersburg, shifting its position occasionally, the opening of the final struggle finding it located in Fort McGilvrej and Battery V, between the City Point Railroad and the Appomattox river. After dark of the 24th of March, 1865, the command was relieved for three days' rest and retired to Fort Gibbon or Friend, a small work some 500 or 600 yards to the rear. Before daylight of the follow- ing morning Captain Jones became aware that the enemy had pen-, etrated the Union lines, and with the "first light saw a body of them moving against Fort Haskell, upon whom he at once opened with his full battery of three-inch rifled guns. A line of skirmishers moving toward his own position was also held in check b}' discharges of cannister till infantry were in readiness to drive it back. The conduct of the battery was warmly commended by Colonel Tidball, commanding the Ninth Corps artillery, in his report of the affair. After the fall of Petersburg the Eleventh was the first of three batteries from the corps selected to follow the retreating Confeder- ates, and upon the surrender at Appomattox it was detailed with others to take charge of the surrendered cannon. After the return of the victorious Union armies to Washington the light artillery were among the first troops ordered out of service, and this com- mand, having returned to Massachusetts a few days previous, was mustered out at Readville on the 16th of June. THE TWELFTH BATTERY. THE Twelfth Light Battery \vas recruited at Camp Meigs, Read- villo, during the autumn and early winter of 1862, the mus- tering of detachments l)euinning late in October of that year and continuing at intervals till the command was filled. About the close of the year it received orders to join the forces of General Banks at New Orleans, and on the 3d of January, 1863, sailed on the transport ship E. Wilder Farley. Its ollicers were as follows: — Captain, Jacob sillier of Brookliue; first lieutenants. Joseph R. Salla and Edwin M. Chamberlain, both of Boston; second lieutenant, Charles AV. Weeberdf Boston; quartermaster sergeant, Philip N. Ham- mond of Quebec; first sergeant, John M. Campbell of Boston. The voyage lasted a month, owing to storms and delays, and the command landed at New Orleans February 3, being quartered at Apollo Stables till near the end of the month, when it was removed to Baton Rouge, equipped with field pieces and took position in the defenses of that city. A month was passed there when the com- pany returned to New Orleans and was quartered on the Race Course, and on the 8th of April was mounted and equipped as a cavalry command. This arrangement only lasted till the 17th, how- ever, when the horses were turned over and the battery was ordered to Brashear City and was for some five weeks engaged in the de- fense of transports moving to and from that station. On the 23d of May it returned to New Orleans, making its quarters at Bernard's Stables, where it was again supplied with guns and equipped as a light battery. Early in June Lieutenant Chamberlain with a de- tachment of men was ordered to Fort Banks, and he was in com- mand of the post during his stay; but on the 22d of July he was ordered back to the battery, which was then stationed at the Canal. Two detachments which had been at Port Hudson durintr the siege 848 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. returned to the main body about the same time. Ag-ain the battery returned to New Orleans September 20, being stationed at Tivoli Circle, but on the loth of October went up the river to Port Hud- son. During this time Lieutenants Salla and Weeber had been dis- missed and Sergeant Hammond promoted to a second lieutenancy, and the following winter he was advanced to first lieutenant, while Sergeants Campbell and Norton S. Salisbury of Wrentham were made second lieutenants. The long stay of the battery at Port Hudson was marked by no event of great importance ; detachments frequently went out on foraging expeditions, reconnaissances and the like, but met no casu- alties. The most important of these was on the 6th of May, 1864, when the command accompanied a regiment of infantry and one of cavalry to drive back a force of the enemy which had advanced within six miles of Port Hudson. The purpose was easily accom- plished by Colonel Fundy, commanding tbe expedition. Twenty-five men of the Twelfth were mounted and detailed as cavalry to keep the vicinity clear of guerrillas, during the summer; there were other like details, and many duties fell to the lot of the command, more or less trying in their nature, all of which were faithfully per- formed ; but except a few skirmishes and the part taken by its de- tachment at Port Hudson during the siege, the battery was in no engagement. It was mustered out July 25, 1865. It should be said regarding the large number of desertions from this organiza- tion that a part of the company was recruited by brokers, who naturally gathered the most worthless material. In this command, as in others, the brave men who enlisted from patriotic motives and faithfully served their country should not and will not suffer for the faithlessness and worthlessness of others. THE THIRTEENTH BATTERY. THE Thipteenth Light Battery was enlisted during the fall and early winter of 1862, its rendezvous being at Camp Aleigs, Readville. The enlisted men were mustered at various times, and the commissions of the ptlicers with one or two exceptions bore date the 3d of November. The roster at the time of entering the service was as follows: — Captain. Charles H. J. Hamlin of Charlestown; first lieutenants, Timothy W. Terry of New Bedford and Ellis L. Motte of Boston; second lieutenants, Robert C. Nichols of Boston and Charles B. Slack of Newton: quartermaster sergeant, Benjamin F. lliggins of Tops- tield; first sergeant, George B. Hall of Boston. The command received orders to report to New Orleans, and left Boston the 20th of January, 1863, by the sailing transport De Witt Clinton. After encountering a succession of heavy gales, the ship put in at Fortress Monroe about the 8tli of February, the battery having lost some 60 of its horses from the rough treatment to which they had been subjected during the storms and the lack of suitable provision for their comfort. The command was then disembarked and remained for some six weeks in camp at Camp Hamilton, near Hampton, when it once more set sail and after a long voyage, ag- gravated by calms and other delays, rea(5hed New Orleans on the 10th of May and was quartered at the Apollo Stables Barracks. Re- cruits were obtained from those regiments in the vicinity whose time had nearly expired, bringing the company up to its standard in num- bers, and it remained encamped at the Stables till early in June, a detachment of 40 men under Lieutenant Terry being for a portion of the time posted at Fort Banks, eight miles above on the right bank of the ^lississippi. This detachment was recalled on the 4th of June, and the day following the company, having turned over its horses to the Twelfth Massachusetts Battery, sailed on the 850 3IASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. steamer Anglo-American for Springfield Landing, whence the day subsequent it marched to the head-quarters of General Banlcs before Port Hudson. Next day the company was divided into two wings, each of which took charge of four siege mortars, the right half under Captain Hamlin being stationed near the left center of the lines of investment, while the left wing under Lieutenant Terry took position at the extreme right. For 31 days the fire of the mortars was maintained, till the surrender of tlie city, when the command was re- united and went into camp inside the lately hostile works. Here the men suffered severely from sickness, so that when or.dered to a new field of duty the company had no more than 50 able-bodied members. Captain Hamlin was ordered to Boston on detached duty August 27, and Lieutenant Terry resigning soon after, the battery was left in command of First Lieutenant Motte. To fill the vacant lieuten- ancy those in commission were advanced one step. Second Lieuten- ant Nichols being made first and a vacancy remaining at the foot of the list. The command was ordered to New Orleans on the 31st, reaching which place its history as a separate organization suffers a lajise of several months, the enlisted men being attached to the Second Massachusetts Battery, Captain Nims, while the commis- sioned officers were assigned to duty in various directions. As an auxiliary of Nims's command, the men took part in the Bayou Teche expedition from September 19 to November 18, when camp was pitched at New Iberia, whence on the 8th of January, 1864, the command went into winter quarters at Franklin. Nims's Battery 'having been recruited, the men of the Thirteenth were on the 17th of February transferred to the Sixth Massachusetts, Captain Phelps, and again on the 6th of March to Battery L, First United States Artillery. With the latter command they marched on the 15th to take part in the Red River expedition under General Banks, its first engage- ment with the enemy being at Pleasant Hill April 9, where.four men of the battery were wounded and one was made ])risoner. Ten days later it was again engaged at Cane River Crossing, and on the 13th ^: of May at Marksville Plains. On the 29th of June it once more reached New Orleans and went into quarters at Apollo Stables. Captain Hamlin having returned to Louisiana, the command re- ported to him at Greeneville, July 1, where it was furnished with four guns, horses and equi])ments,and became once more an organi- Till': TlllllTEEN'ill BATTKllY. 8.")1 ■/.at ion. n'siiiniii'j drill, and two months later cluumini:' localion to (.'ani]) Parapet, where it remained lor a long- time. During- the early autumn months sickness wrought havoc with the company, and many died. The suhsequent history of the organization is not imjjortant. It remained in Louisiana, performing such routine duties as were as- signed to it, but having no part in any engagements after the return of the Red River ex]iedition. Jjieutenant Motte resigned on the 9th (jf March, 18G4, and the vacancy was filled l)y advancement, Second Lieutenant Slack being made first, and the vacant second lieutenancies were only filled in the spring of 1865, when First Sei'- geant Chauncey R. Sias of Boston and Sergeant James M. Lincoln of Taunton were commissioned to date fi-om the 8th of February. The battery returned to Massachusetts and was mustered out July 28, 1865, Captain Hamlin being dishonorably dismissed the service the day following. None of its members were killed in action, died from wounds or in Confederate prisons, but it suffered severely from desertions, losing thus nearly one-third of its total membership. THE FOURTEENTH BATTERY. THE Fourteenth Light Battery was organized during the win- ter of 1863-4 at the camp in Readville, most of the officers being commissioned on the 25th of February and the enlisted men being mustered the 27th. It left the state on the 4th of April, going first to Annapolis and thence to Washington, where it was assigned to quarters at Camp Marshall. The roster of its officers was as follows : — Captain, Joseph W. B. "Wright of Boston; first lieutenants, Samuel J. Bradlee of Boston and Samuel Chapin of South Hudley; second lieutenants, Albert George of Lowell and Ephraim B. Nye of New Bedford; quartermaster sergeant, Albert S. Walker of Boston; first sergeant, Matthias J. Moore of Boston. No sooner was the battery supplied with horses and guns than without an'^' opportunity for drill it was ordered to the Ninth Corps, then on its way under command of General Burnside to join the Army of the Potomac in the spring campaign against the Army of Northern Virginia under General Lee. These orders were received on the 25th of A.pril, and next morning the company crossed Long Bridge and reported to General Stevenson, commander of the First Division, Ninth Corps, to whose division the- battery was attached. Rappahannock Station was reached on the 30th, and the corps rested there till the Army of the Potomac was under way, when on the 4tli of May it crossed the river in its front, continuing on to the Rapidan which was crossed at Germania Ford. The corps halted near the ford, and its artillery had no part in the battle of the Wilderness which followed, but when the Union army moved southward toward Spottsylvania, passing Chancellorsville, the nature of the country changed, and cannon thenceforward played their usual part in the battle scenes. THE FOURTEEJ^TU BATTERY. 853 The Fourteenth dolivei-orl its first shots at the enemy across the river Nv on the 10th and that afternoon crossed tlic river and took up a position which was held till the following mornin. Readville was reached on the 0th and on the loth the command was mustered out of service, being paid on the 24th. THE FIFTEENTH BATTERY. THE Fifteenth Light Battery was recruited during the winter of 1862-3, partly in the camp at Lowell and partly at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor, for three years, and was mus- tered into the national service at various dates, but principally on the 17th of February, 1863. This command also was unfortunate in a portion of its material, many of the men taking the first op- portunity to desert and thus throwing an undeserved stigma upon the faithful soldiers who remained true to their enlistment. The company sailed from Boston March 9 in the ship Zouave, by way of Fortress Monroe for New Orleans, the roster of officers being as follows: — Captain, Timothy Pearson of Lowell; first lieutenants, James W. Kirk of Boston and Albert Rowse of Lowell ; second lieutenants, Lorin L. Dame of Lowell and Harry D. Littlefield of Boston; quar- termaster sergeant, Edward D. Morrill of Lowell; first sergeant, Samuel Bright of Boston. New Orleans was reached April 9 and the company found quar- ters at the Apollo Stables, on the outskirts of the city. On the 20th of May, before it had been fully equipped as a battery, it was directed to turn in its horses and proceeded to Brashear City; but after remaining there something like a week it was returned to New Orleans and shortly after was detailed to garrison two small forts, each armed with four 32-pounder guns in barbette ; one at Gentilly on the Pontchartrain Raili'oad and the other on an island command- ing the bayou road to Lake Pontchartrain. In these forts, some five miles from the city, the command passed the summer. Lieu- tenants Kirk and Littlefield resigned on the 26th of September, Dame was advanced to first lieutenant, the vacancies were filled by the promotion of Sergeant^Morrill and the commissioning of Ser- geant Joseph S. Grush of Lowell as second lieutenants. From the 20th of May to the 20th of the following February the battery was THE FIFTEEN Til B A TTEE Y. 857 commanded by the senior first lieutenant, Captain Pearson being absent. On the 29th of Deeember it left the forts, and January 2, 1804, embarked on the steamer Kate Dale, fitted with six guns and used as a gunboat, taking part in the expedition to Madison- ville under Colonel Kimball of the Twelfth Maine. The Fifteenth remained aboard the steamer till the 15th of Feb- ruary, when they landed at Lakeport, returned to New Orleans, and on the 5th of May removed to Terrell's Press, where they were stationed till the 17th of October. At that time the command, again under Lieutenant Rowse, took steamer up the Mississippi to the mouth of White river, Arkansas. In that vicinity, changing camp several times, the battery remained till the 7th of November, when it ascended White river 190 miles to Duvall's Bluff, remaining there for 20 days. It then sailed to Memphis, landed there on the 2d of December and staid till the 1st of January, 1865. The com- pany having received many recruits, and being above the standard of membership, the surplus was shortly afterward transferred to the Sixth j\Iassachusetts Battery. Kennerville, La., was reached January 5, and at that place the command encamped till the 13th of February, when camp was changed to Greenevrlle, and a week later the battery embarked at Hikok's Landing on Lake Pontchar- train and sailed to Mobile Bay, where it remained three days, whence going to Barrancas, Fla., it reported to General C. C. Andrews, com- manding the Second Division, Thirteenth Corps, and was attached to his division, in i)reparation for the movement against Mobile. The division marched to Pensacola March 11, where the force under General Steele was assembling, and on the 20th the movement northward by the Escambia river began. The battery with the ac- companying troops arrived before Fort Blakely on the 2d of April, and took an active part in the siege operations which followed, re- sulting in the surrender of the stronghold on the 9th. For their part in this affair the battery and jts commander. Lieutenant Rowse, were highly complimented by General Andrews. On the 20th the Fifteenth accompanied the division on transports uji the Alabama river to Selma, remained there till the 11th of May and then re- turned to Mobile. The guns and horses were "turned hi" on the 30th of June and the command repaired to Fort Gaines in Mobile Bay. Thence on the 201 li of July it embarked for Massachusetts, arrivino- at Readville Auuust 1 and bein«r mustered out on the 4th. THE SIXTEENTH BATTERY. THE Sixteenth Light Battery was the last organization of that arm of the service to be sent out by Massachusetts. Its ren- dezvous was at Camp Meigs, Readville, where most of the men and the officers were mustered on the 11th of March, 1864. An addition to bring the number of men up to the full complement was made on the 4th of April, and on the 17th orders were received to proceed to Washington. The roster of officers was as follows : — Captain, Henry D. Scott of New Bedford; first lieutenants, Lewis V. Osgood of Charlestown and Philip T. Woodfin, Jr., of Marble- head; second lieutenants, James McCullum of Boston and Alouzo B. Langley of Brookline; quartermaster sergeant, James S. Savage of Boston; first sergeant, Anson S. Comee of Hard wick. Leaving Massachusetts April 19, the command reached Washing- ton on the 21st, where by direction of General Howe, inspector of artillery, it reported to Major James A. Hall at Camp Barry. About a week later it was supplied with three-inch guns and with horses and equipments, going on the 14th of May to Fort Thayer, one of the fortifications to the northeast of Washington, located near the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Here it re- mained but eight days, when it was relieved and returned to Camp Barry ; the horses and guns were turned in a few days later, and on the 1st of June the batterymen reported at Fort Lyon, southwest of Alexandria, one section going to Fort Weed, the command be- coming a part of the garrison of those forts and devoting them- selves to heavy artillery drill. As General Early's army approached Washington by way of Maryland, some six weeks later, the command was ordered to Fort Reno, Tennallytown. Leaving Fort Lyon at night of July 10, the Sixteenth went by rail to Washington and marching thence to their destination reported to General Harding, by whom they were as- THE SIXTEENTH BATTERY. Soi» sigjicd to Fort Kearny, and remained there till the airival of the Sixth Corps from the Army of the Potomac and the battle in front of Fort Stevens caused the withdrawal of Early's forces. On the 12tli the battezy reported ^gain to Major Hall at Camp Barry to be remounted, the following day drew four light 12-pounders with horses, and with the exception of a march to Fort Stevens and an immediate return on the 2d of August, remained at Camp Barry till September 5. It was then ordered to report to Albany, N. Y., and set out at once, reaching its destination on the afternoon of the 7th. Reporting to the assistant provost marshal. General Townsend, it was quartered in the Troy Road Barracks and re- mained there till the 16th of November. At that time orders were received to return to Washington, and on the morning of the 19th the battery re-entered the familiar quar- ters at Camp Barry. A week later two more 12-pounders were issued to the company, completing the armament, and on the 6th of December the Sixteenth crossed Long Bridge into Virginia, report- ing to Colonel William Gamble commanding the First Separate Brigade, Twenty-second Corps, at Fairfax Court House. There the head-quarters remained, one section being sent to Vienna and one to Fairfax Station, the winter and spring passing with no more notable event than a march to Loudon Valley during March, 1865, accompanying the Eighth Illinois Cavalry. Preparations for the return of the battery to Massachusetts began on the 17th of June, when the preliminary orders were received. The guns, horses and other government property were taken to Washing- ton on the 18th and " turned in," and the following day the home- ward journey began. Readvillc was reached on the 22d, but it was not till the 13th of July that the men were paid and discharged. THIRD BATTALION OF RIFLES. THE Third Battalion of Rifles, at the outbreak of the rebellion, had its head-quarters at Worcester, two of the three com- panies being located in that city and the other at Holden, the towns in the vicinity being generally represented in the ranks of the latter. To these Company D, recruited in Boston on the 19th of April, 1861 , was afterward attached, the entire battalion being made up and officered as follows : — Major, Charles Devens, Jr.; adjutant, John M. Goodhue; 'quarter- master, James E. Estabrook; surgeon, Oramel Martin; sergeant major, Arthur A. Goodell; quartermaster sergeant, George T. White, all of Worcester. Company A, City Guards of Worcester — Captain, Augustus E. B. Sprague; first lieutenant, Josiali Pickett; second lieutenant, George C. Joslin; third lieutenant, Orson Moulton; fourth lieutenant, Elijah A. Harkness. Company B, Holden Rifles — Captain, Joseph H. Gleason; first lieu- tenant, Phineas R. Newell, both of Holden; second lieutenant, Edward E. Devens of Charlestown; third lieutenant, Samuel F. Woods of Barre; fourth lieutenant, George Bascom of Holden. Company C, Emmet Guards of AVorcester — Captain, Michael P. Mc- Conville ; first lieutenant, Michael O'Driscoll ; second lieutenant, Matthew J. MeCafferty; third lieutenant, Thomas O'Xeill; fourth lieu- tenant, Maurice Melvin. Company D, Boston — Captain, Albert Dodd ; first lieutenant, Charles Dodd; second lieutenant. Cornelius G. Attwood; third lieu- tenant, George A. Hicks; fourth lieutenant, Joseph Nason. Major Devens was directed on the 20th of April to report at Washington with his three companies at once, and at 5 o'clock that afternoon the battalion stood in line in the streets of Worcester ready for the departure. The command was addressed by the mayor of the city and others, and that evening took cars for New York, where it arrived early the following morning. It was entertained at the armory of the Seventh New York Regiment during the day, THE THIRD BATTALION OF lilFLES. . 861 being visited and addressed by Senator Sumner, and that evening took the transi)ort Ariel for Annapolis, reaching there on the morn- ing of the 24th. There the battalion remained till the 2d of ^fay, when it was ordered to garrison Fort McHenry, near Baltimore, and went thither by steamer, reaching the fort next morning. Comi)any D was meantime being equipped, drilled and disciplined at Boston, and on the 2d of May it left that city on the steamer Cambridge under .sealed instructions, not to be opened till Boston Light was passed. These directed the cai)tain to proceed by way of Fortress Monroe and the Potomac to Washington, expressing the wish of Governor Andrew that "the ship Cambridge shall reach Washington and demonstrate that a Massachusetts ship manned with Massachusetts men, shall be the first ship to arrive by that route, as our Sixth Regiment was the first to arrive at Washington, through the hostile city of Baltimore." These instructions were strictly carried out, and the company was the first organization to -reach the capital by that route. After remaining at Washington 12 days it was sent to join the battalion at Fort McHenry, and on the 19th of May the four companies were mustered into the gov- ernment service. The history of the battalion was marked by no notable event. The men were drilled in handling the heavy guns and in infantry tactics, winning much praise for their good conduct, and at the re- quest of General Dix, commanding the department, remaining two weeks after the expiration of their term. Major Devens was mean- time promoted to the colonelcy of the Fifteenth Regiment and Ad- jutant Goodhue to a captaincy in the regular army. The command returned to Massachusetts and was mustered out on the 3d of August. It was commanded by Captain Sprague after the promo- tion of Major Devens, and during its service lost two men by death from disease. THE FIRST SHARP-SHOOTERS. THE First Company of Sharp-shooters, generally known as the Andrew Sharp-shooters, in compliment to the governor of the Commonwealth, was recruited at Lynnfield during August, 1861, and left for the front on the 2d of September, being mustered into service on that day. The commissioned officers of the com- pany were : — Captain, John Saunders of Salem; first lieutenant, William Gleason of Lexington; second lieutenant, George C. Gray of Salem. . The enlisted men were 98 in number, and were armed with the telescopic rifle, each man providing his own weapon. These, while very heavy, were considered the most efficient rifles then known. They weighed from 20 to 70 pounds, and were necessarily fired from a rest. They were made by gunsmiths in various sections of the country to suit the individual, the one feature in common being that each was i)rovided with a telescopic tube running the length of the barrel, at the front of which fine threads were crossed, allowing great nicety in sighting. The rifles were muzzle loaders, shooting a coni- cal ball used with a patch and propelled with a very heavy charge of powder ; an expert in their use could load, aim and fire about once in two minutes. On reaching Washington the company was, by request of Gover- nor Andrew, assigned to General Lander's Brigade, then forming part of General Stone's Corps of Observation near Poolcsville, Md. Their first experience with the enemy was in a skirmish near Edwards Ferry on the 1st and 2d of October, the results of which were eminently satisfactory to the riflemen. On the second day some 40 of the sharp-shooters, posted behind a fence, unaided checked the advance of a Confederate regiment. The company had a part in the subsequent operations in that vicinity, extending through THE FIRST SHARP-SHOOTERS. 863 most of the montli, and wlion General Lander left the bri<>'adc to take command of the division posted on the njjper I'otomac near Rom- ney the shar)>-shooters accompanied him, being familiarly known as his body nii- field aflrr the dopai'ture of the Andrew Com[)any,in Septem- ber, 1802. The commissioned officers were as follows: — Captain, Lewis E. Wentworth; first lieutenant, Charles D. Stiles; second lieutenant, Alvin A. Evans, all of Salem. Some 25 of the men were provided with telescopic rifles, similar to those of the First Company, while the others had heavy open sight weapons. The recruits were mustered at various times during August and September, and the organization left the state with • Colonel Henry Wilson's Regiment (the Twenty-second), to which it was attached and with which its history is completely identified. Of its olliccrs. Lieutenant Evans resigned July 5, 1862, and was succeeded by Sergeant Robert Smith of Salem. First Lieutenant Stiles resigned on the 4th of August, and was succeeded by Sergeant Edward Uj^on of Salem, who in turn w^as discharged for disability on the 29th of January, 1863, the vacancy being filled by the pro- motion of Second Lieutenant Smith, who on the 19th of May was commissioned captain, vice Wentworth discharged for disability, and commanded the company till its muster out. Ivory Leach of Lowell was made second lieutenant from January 30, 1863, but was discharged for disability on the 20th of June following, the vacancy not being filled. Winsor M. Ward of South Danvers was promoted to fust lieutenant vice Smith, and was discharged for disability on the 21st of Sei)tembcr, 1864. The company during its service lost eight enlisted men killed in action, most of them at or about Spott- sylvania. iu May, 1864. It was mustered out of service October 17, 1864, those on the roll whose term had not expired being trans- ferred in the Thirt\ -second Reuimeiit. UNATTACHED COMPANIES. IN addition to all the regiments, batteries, battalions and the com- panies of sharp-shooters heretofore sketched, Massachusetts at various times during the war furnished 38 companies which were mostly enlisted for short terms of service. As in some cases the same company served for more than one term, this list com- prises but 31 different organizations. These except when otherwise designated were known simply as Unattached Companies of Infan- try, and served in the forts along the Massachusetts coast or at other points in the state where their services Avere needed. Thirteen companies were organized during April and May, 1864, and served for 90 days ; one of these with nine new ones followed with a 100- days' term, and when that expired six of the latter companies, with four new ones were mustered in for a year's service, but before tjie time expired the war had closed and the organizations were dissolved. The rosters and dates of service of the several organizations were as follows : — First Company, Boston — Captain, Lewis J. Bird; first lieutenant, Moses E. Bigelow; second lieutenant, John E. Alden. Served from April 29 to August 1, 1864. Second Company, Beverly — Captain, Francis E. Porter; first lieu- tenant, Hugh J. Munsey ; second lieutenant, Eleazer Giles. This company was first mustered May 3, 1864, and served till August 6 fol- lowing; on the succeding day, with the same officers but many changes among the enlisted men, it took up the 100-days' term from which it was discharged November 15, and the next day was mustered for one year. Leonard G. Dennis of Gloucester succeeded to the captaincy at that time, and the rank and file was largely changed, the entire com- pany with few exceptions being credited to Gloucester. It was mus- tered out July 7, 1865, three of its members having died of disease during the last enlistment. Third Company, Newburyport — Captain, Luther Dame; first lieu- tenant, Tristram Talbot; second lieutenant, Charles L. Avers. This company served from May 3 to August 5, 1864. THE UNATTACHED COMPANIES. 869 Fourth Company, Chelsea — Captain, Alpheiis J. Tlillbourn; first lieutenant, John Quincy Adams; second lieuteuaut, lladley P. Burrill. Served from May 3 to August 6, 1864. Fifth Company, Fall Rrver — Captain, David H. Dyer; first lieuten- ant, Thomas J. Borden ; second lieutenant, Bradford D. Davol. Served May 4 to August 2, 1804. Sixth Company, Westboro — Captain, Charles P. Winslow; first lieu- tenant, John Jones; second lieutenant, William H. Fay. Same as Fifth Company. Seventh Company, Boston — Captain, Albert E. Proctor; first lieu- tenant, George (i. Niehols: second lieutenant, Thomas A. Cranston. May 4 to August 5, 18G4. One member died of disease. Eighth Company, Lawrence — Captain, Augustine L. Hamilton; first lieutenant, Ebenll. Ellenwood; second lieutenant, Frederick G. Tyler. May 10 to August 11. 1864. Ninth Company, Boston — Captain, George II. Smith; first lieuten- ant, James W. Hall; second lieutenant, William. B. Rand! Same as Eighth Company. Tenth Company, Millburv — Captain, George A. Perry; first lieu- tenant, Samuel H. Meader; second lieutenant, Samuel W. Marble. May 10 to August 8, 1864. Eleventh Company. Lynn — Captain, Jeremiah C. Bacheller; first lieutenant, Al)raham Ilun Berry; second lieutenant, James McDavitt. May 16 to August 15, 1864. Twelfth Comjniny, Cambridge — Captain, Charles F. Walcott; first lieutenant, Charles F. Foster; second lieutenant, Nathan G. Gooch. Same as Eleventh Company. Thirteenth Company, Salem — Captain, Robert W. Reeves; first lieu- tenant, George 0. Stevens; second lieutenant, John W. Evans. Same as Eleventh Company. Fifteenth Company, New Bedford — Captain, Isaac A. Jennings; first lieutenant, Henry H. Potter; second lieutenant, Thomas J. Gif- ford. July 29 to November 15, 1864. Sixteenth Company, Boston — Captain John F. Croff; first lieuten- ant, Aloi^zo B. Fiske; second lieutenant, Luther B. Duran. August 6 to November 14, 1864. Seventeenth Company — Captain John G. Barnes of Georgetown; first lieutenant, James S. Walsh of Groveland; second lieutenant, Edwai'd P. Wilder of Georgetown. This company first served from the 5tli of August to the 12th of Noveml)er, 1864, when it re-enlisted for one vear under the same officers, all credited to Haverhill, and served till June 30, 1865. Eighteenth Company — Captain, Otis A. Baker of Rehoboth; first lieutenant, Sylvanus ^Martin of Seekonk: second lieutenant, Henry M. Westcoat of Dighton. Its first term was from the 6th of August to the 14th of November, 1864; after which it was reorganized to serve for a year. It was mustered on the fJth and Tth of Deceml)er, the only change in officers being that John G. Gammons of Westjiort succeeded Westcoat as second lieutenant. The company served till the 12th of May, 1865, during which time one member died of disease. 870 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Nineteenth Company — Captain, James M. Mason of Milford; first lieutenant, Frank A. Johnson of Ashland; second lieutenant, Dixwell H. Clark of Milford. Its first term was from August 9 to November 16, 1864, when it was reorganized for one year witli the following offi- cers, all credited to Milford: Captain, Frank A. Johnson; first lieu- tenant, Thomas J. Gifford; second lieutenant, Henry J. Hayward. It served from November 25, 1864, to June 27, 1865. Twentieth Companv — Captain, Lewis Soule of Abington; first lieu- tenant, Horatio C. Sampson; second lieutenant, Jerome Washburne, both of Bridgewiiter. The first term was from August 11 to Novem- ber 18, 1864, when with the same officers it was mustered in for a year on the following day and served till the 29th of June, 1865. Twenty-first Company, Fall River — Captain, David H. Dyer; first lieutenant, Charles G. Remington; second lieutenant, Geoi'ge 0. Fair- banks, Jr. The first term was from August 11 to November 18, 1864, when it was reorganized and on the 23d of November mustered for a year with Royal W. Thayer of Randolph as captain, Charles G. Reming- ton and Joseph Mather, both of Fall River, as lieutenants. It served till the 28tli of June, 1865, having one man accidentally killed. Twenfr}'--second Company, Freetown — Captain, John W. Marble; first lieutenant, Urial M. Haskins ; second lieutenant, Chester W. Briggs. August 18 to November 25, 1864. Twenty-third Com])any, Fairhaven — Captain, Jabez M. Lyle; first lieutenant, Joshua H. Wilkie; second lieutenant, Jirey Kinney, Jr. August 18 to November 26, 1864. Twenty-fourth Company —Captain, Joshua H. Wilkie of Needham; first lieutenant, George 0. Fairbanks, Jr., of South Scituate; second lieutenant, Francis E. Davis of Plymouth. This company was mus- tered as various dates from the 16th to the 22d of December, 1864, and served till May 12, 1865. Twenty-fifth Company — Cajitain, Fitz J. Babson of Gloucester; first lieutenant, Elisha Eldridge, Jr., of Petersham; second lieutenant, Martin Dunn of Gloucester. December 9, 1864, to June 29, 1865. Twenty-sixth Company — Captain, Walter H. Keith of Needham; first lieutenant, George W. Pearson of Dorchester, second lieutenant, James G. Warren of Barnstable. December 13, 1864, to May 12, 1865. Twenty-seventh Company — Captain, Samuel C. Graves; first lieu- tenant, William Goodwin 3d; second lieutenant, Benjamin Pitman, all of Mar1)lehead. The members were about equally contributed hy Lynn and Marblehead, and were mustere'd at various times from the SOth of December, 1864, to the middle of the following month. The comjiany served till the 30th of June, 1865^ and two members died of disease. Tvventv-ninth and Thirtieth Comioanies Heavv Artillerv (see page 738). Boston Cadets, M. V. M. — Captain, Christo])her C. Holmes of Mil- ton; Hcntenunt, Aaron C. Baldwin; ensign, John Jeffries, Jr., adju- tant, Charles R. Codman; quartermaster, CUirtis B. Raymond, all of Boston; first lieutenants, Joseph M. Churchill of Milton, Russell Stur- gis, Jr.. and Charles O. Rich of Boston, William R. Paine and George J. Fisher of Brookline. This company served from the 26th of May THE UNATTACHED COMPANIES. 871 to the 2d of July. 184 2 13 109 Forty-fourth Regiment, 9 6 1032 8 28 3 Forty-titth lU-uiniont. 9 10 1025 10 36 48 Forty-sixtli Regiment, 9 7 9G5 1 32 10 Forty-seventh Regiment, 10 1 1140 1 33 225 Forty-eighth Regiment, 9 19 996 11 53 154 Forty-ninth Regiment, 10 4 954 21 84 3;} Fiftietli Regiment, . 10 25 991 89 27 Fitty-lirsf Kcginient, 9 13 9G1 3 37 18 Fifty-second Regiment, 10 3 942 7 91 3 Fifty-third Regiment, 9 27 952 19 142 21 Fifry-fourtl) Regiment, 2 3 7 1361 54 154 39 J'ifry-fiftli Regiment. 2 2 7 1214 52 132 27 I'ifty-sixth Regiment, 1 4 16 1232 69 134 128 Fifty seven til Itegiment, 1 3 24 1047 112 137 83 Fifty-eiglitli Regiment, 1 2 19 1024 74 185 97 Fifty-ninth Regiment, 1 2 9 985 48 99 109 Sixtieth Regiment. . 3 22 940 9 3 Sixty-first Regiment, i) 22 980 5 17 14 First Heavy Artillery, 4 1 11 2653 104 360 116 Second Heavy Artillery, 1 8 10 2855 8 340 156 Third Heavy Artillery, . 2169 1 40 381 Fourth Heavy Artillery, 10 1831 22 13 Rattalion Heavy Artillerj > 2 4 14 137G 15 217 First Cavalry, . 3 7 25 2304 49 167 152 Second Cavalrv, 2 5 24 22(57 62 147 614 Third Cavalry,"^ . 2 10 27 2210 60 203 289 Fourth Cavalry, 1 9 G 1839 21 123 261 Fifth (Cavalry, . 1 5 26 14;]9 3 117 124 Frontier Cavalry, 5 28 51S 2 7 First Light Battery, j'l8«l ■' lSGl-4 3 2 25 16 118 279 5 1 15 7 Second Light Battery, . 4 11 379 1 25 13 Third Light Battery, 3 268 6 13 9 Fourth Light Battery, 3 11 23 333 I 46 22 Fifth Light Battery, ;! G 2 378 12 17 10 Sixth Light Battery, i> G 4 383 5 50 57 Seventh Light Battery, . 4 5 20 400 2 84 9 FJighth Light Battery, . 4 29 163 7 4 Ninth Light Battery, 2 (t 27 347 10 9 6 Tenth Light Battery, 2 <» 2()5 4 19 4 Eleventh Light Battery, . j'l8G2- \ 1S64- 3 5 1 9 5 14 157 198 2 11 1 Twelfth Light Battery, . . 2 6 29 29(> 25 75 Thirteenth Light Battery, 2 7 15 350 26 99 Fourteeufli Light Battery, 1 3 19 204 5 10 14 Fifteenth Light Battery, 2 5 18 413 26 107 Sixteenth Light Battery, 1 3 16 173 6 14 Ride Battalion. 2 15 313 2 Andrew Sharp-shooters, . 3 9 27 225 17 22 14 Second Sharp-shooters, . 3 9 11 148 8 13 4 Unattached Companies. 38.36 11 5 GENERAL OFFICERS FROM MASSACHUSETTS. Brevet Major Geueral Henry L. Abbot OF Boston was first lieutenant of Topofi:rai)hical Eng-incers, U. S. A., at the oj)ening- of the rebellion, liaving graduated fi'om the Military Academy at West Point in the class of 1854 and subsequently served on Pacific railroad surveys and engi- neering duties in the Mississippi river valley. At the battle of Bull Run he was an aide on the staff of General Tyler and was wounded. Subsequently he was engaged under General Barnard, Chief of Engi- neers, in completing the defenses of Washington, and brought to the duties of that ])Osition his customary energy, Avinning wai m com- fnendation from his su])eriors, — as in fact he did in all operations in which he was engaged in connection with the war. "During the fall of 1801 he declined to consider the lieutenant colonelcy of a Massa- cliusctts volunteer regiment, and the war department refused to allow him leave of absence to accept a colonelcy of the same nature which it was desired by Governor Andrew to bestow upon him. Dur- ing the Peninsular campaign he served as aide to General Barnard, rendering especially valuable service in connection with the siege of Yorktown, but during the campaign was i)rostrated b}' fever. The following winter he accompanied General Banks's expedition to New Orleans, and was made chief topographical engineer of the De- partment of the Gulf; a })Osition which he filled till the s})ring of ISbo, when he was commissioned colonel of the First Connecticut Heavy Artillery Regiment dating from .January 10. \n Mai'ch fol- lowing he joined the regiment in the defenses of Washington, and till th(; spi'ing of 1864 remained in command of a brigade on the south sitle of the Potomac. In April of that year he was directed to organize the formidable siege train of the Army of the Potomac, with which he reported to CJeneral Hunt, chief of artillery, soon after the siege of Petersburg began. Colonel Abbot remained in command of this train till the close of the war, except when tem- porarily serving as chief of artillery of the Fort Fisher expedition, and after the close of hostilities was from the 10th of May to the 876 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. 13th of July, 1865, chief of artillery of the Department of Virginia. He was mustered out of the volunteer service with his regiment on the 25th of September following and resumed his position in the regular army, where he has since remained actively and honorably engaged in the Engineer Department. He was brevetted on the loth of March, 1865, major general of volunteers and brigadier general in the United States Army, and on the 12th of October, 1886, attained the full rank of colonel of enaineers. Brevet Brijjadier General William S. Abert Of Washington, D. C, was at the opening of the war a lieutenant of United States Artillery, stationed at Fort Monroe, Va. In 1861 he was appointed captain in the Sixth United States Cavalry, his regi- ment forming part of the cavalry reserve of the Army of the Potomac at the opening of the Peninsular campaign. After doing some effi- cient work at the head of his squadron in tiie early battles of that campaign, Captain Abert was assigned to duty on the staff of General McClellan, where he served till that officer was relieved from the command of the Army of the Potomac, November 7, 1862. He was then made assistant inspector general on the staff of General Nathaniel P. Banks, with the rank of lieutenant colonel of volun- teers, — a position which he admirably filled during the service of his chief in the Department of the Gulf. On the 16th of Novem- ber, 1864, he was commissioned colonel of the Third Massachusetts Heavy Artillery Volunteers, and served as such, being located in the defenses of Washington, till the muster out of his regiment, September 18, 1865. He received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dating from March 13, 1865, and in June, 1867, was made major of the Seventh United States Cavalry, with the brevet of lieutenant colonel in the regular line. He was then on duty at Galveston, Tex., where he died on the 25th of August, 1867, at the early age of 31. Brevet Brigadier General Charles Francis Adams, Jr., Of Quincy was mustered as first lieutenant of Company H, First Massachusetts Cavalry, on the 19th of December, 1861, having pre- viously served as a private and warrant officer in the state militia. He saw varied service with that regiment till the middle of July, GENERAL OFFICERS. 877 1864, gettinu- a promotion to cai)tain on the 80th of ()('tol)er. 1862. During a portion of this time he was in command of a squadron of the regiment detached for duty at the head-quarters of General Meade, commanding the Army of the Potomac. He was commis- sioned lieutenant colonel of the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry July 15, 1864, and on the resignation of Colonel Russell was made colonel dating from February 15, 1865. Soon after the fall of Petersburg his health, which had suffered severely from malarial affection, en- tirely broke down, and in May he was sent home an invalid. On this account he resigned and was mustered out Augustl, but diil not re- cover his health for many months. His brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated from ^larch 13. 1865. Brevet Brigadier General Thomas J. C. Amory Of Boston was at the opening of hostilities a captain in the United ■States Army, having graduated from the Military Academy at AVest Point in 1851, after which he had been for ten years in active ser- vice in all portions of the West, taking part in the Utah expedition of 1854. Early in 1861 he returned to Massachusetts and for some time as mustering officer assisted in the organization of the earlier regiments from his native state. Later he was granted permission to take a commission in the volunteer service and was designated by C4overnor Andrew as colonel of the Seventeenth Regiment. He commanded that organization almost from the time of its reaching Baltimore till it was ordered to North Carolina, and on arriving there he was at once placed in command of a brigade in General Foster's division, and continued to act in that capacity till he was designated, early in 1864, as commander of the sub-district of Beau- fort. The scourge of yellow fever which in the early autumn of that year swept over the district numbered among its victims both Colonel Amory and his wife, the latter, who was sharing garrison life with him, dying a few days before her husband. His death oc- curred on the 7th of October, and his brevet, given in recognition of his faithful and intrepid service, dated from the day of his decease. Brevet Brigadier Geueral John F. Anderson Of Boston was. mustered as first lieutenant of the Twenty-first Mas- sachusetts Regiment September 2, 1861, and was the first adjutant STS MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. of that reo'imcnt. On the oro'anization at Annapolis of the North Carolina Expedition, he was ai)j)ointcd an aide-de-camj) on the staff of General Barnside, with whom he served at Roanoke. lie was afterward transferred to the stafi' of General John G. Foster, with wliom lie remained during the war. When his chief organized tlie Eighteenth Army Corps he was made senior aide, with the rank of major, and was adjutant general of the Department of the Ohio while General Foster was its commander, with head-quarters at Knoxville, Tenn. When the latter took command of the Depart- ment of the South, Major Anderson became chief of staff, and when General Sherman reached Savannah on his " March to the Sea," Anderson was detailed to carry his dispatches to General Grant at Washington. At the close of the war he was brevetted through the various grades up to brigadier general of volunteers, the latter dating from the 2d of April, I860. Brevet Major General Georg'e L. Andrews Of Boston was a graduate of West Point in 1851, standing at the head of his class and receiving the brevet of second lieutenant in the Engineer Corps. His first duty was as assistant to Colonel Thayer, in charge of the construction of Fort Warren in Boston Harbor, where he remained three years, when he was sent to West Point as assistant professor of Engineering, etc. After one year there he resigned his commission and returned to civil life, though for three years from 1857 in the employ of the United States Gov- ernment as civil engineer. At the outbreak of the war he assisted earnestly in the organizing of the Second Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, of which he was commissioned lieutenant colonel, suc- ceeding to the colonelcy on the promotion of Colonel Gordon in June, 1862. He was made brigadier general November 9 following and assigned to duty under General Banks, then at New York pre- paring for his Louisiana campaign. After the sailing of his chief for New Orleans, General Andrews remained for a time in charge of the rendezvous at New York, and with the final detachment of troops reached New Orleans February 11, 18G3. At the organiza- tion of the Nineteenth Corps he was assigned to the command of the First Bi-igado, Third Division, on the 21st of Fqbruary, but on the Gth of March was appointed chief of staff to General Banks, in GEN Eh A L OFFICERS. S7!> which capacity he served till after the fall of Port Hudson, when he was designated to organize the colored troops in the department, rendering valuable service till the close of the war. He received the brevet of major general of volunteers March 2(), 1865, for his services in the campaign against Molnle, and was honorably dis- charged the national service August 24 of that year, but February 28, 1871, was appointed professor at West Point Academy, where he still remains. Major General Natliauiel P. Banks, Ex-Governor of Massachusetts, was among the first to offer his sword to the imperiled national government, and was made major general of volunteers to date from May 16, 1861, with CJenerals Major (Ieneral N. P. Hanks. John A. Dix and Benjamin F. Butler. He was first assigned to the command of the Department of Annai)olis, with head-(iuarters at Baltimore, succeeding (General Cadwaladcr on the 10th of June. One of his first acts was to arrest Marshal Kane, chief of the Balti- more police, putting in his place till the appointment ofa loyal cit- izen to the office Colonel John R. Kenlv of the First Marvland 880 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Regiment. The Board of Police Commissioners were also soon after arrested for disloyal conduct and held as prisoners of war, being sent to Fort TVarren in Boston Harbor. These energetic measures brought the city permanently back to its loyalty, so that the secession spirit did not again assert itself. The United States troops which had been temporarily put on duty in various parts of the city were withdrawn to their camps as soon as the civil rule was firmly established, and on the 27th of July General Banks succeeded General Patterson in the command of the Department of the Shenandoah. For some six months his forces simply held the Maryland shore of the Potomac from Darnestown to Williams- port, with an occasional sally across the river, but during February, 1862, Harper's Ferry was occupied in force, and toward the close of the month General Banks moved his head-quarters across the river, pressing " Stonewall " Jackson, the Confederate commander opposed to him, far up the Shenandoah Valley. Banks with a con- siderable part of his corps was soon after detached for operations nearer Washington, in co-operation with McClellan's movements on the Peninsula. Shields's Division, having fallen back to near Kernstown, was attacked by Jackson on the 23d of March. The Confederates being defeated and again driven up the valley. Banks was ordered back and moved in pursuit as far as Harrisonburg, where the two armies confronted each other and maneuvered for some time. Before the close of May, however. Banks was outgeli- eraled by Jackson and forced to fall swiftly back to the Potomac, not only abandoning the important valley to the enemy, but setting- Jackson free to join Lee before Richmond and work havoc with the plans of General McClellan in that quarter. The retreat was conducted with great skill and success, but that fact did little to lighten the popular depression at the disaster to the Union arms. xibout a month later Banks's Corps, which had hitherto been known as the Fifth, was made a part of the Army of Virginia under General Pope and designated as the Second Corjjs. It was ordered to Little Baltimore, and thence took part in the operations of the ill-fated army with which it was identified. General Banks with his corps fought the sharp battle of Cedar Mountain on the 9th of August, in which he gallantly contested a largely superior number of the enemy. He continued to serve under Pope till that officer was succeeded by General McClellan as commander of the GENERAL OFFICERS. xsi combined Union, armies, when lie was relieved from command of the corps and presently began preparations for the " Banks Exj)edi- tion" to New Orleans. The general sailed for Louisiana early in December, 1862, and on the 16th relieved General Butler in com- mand of the Department of the Gulf. Some 15,000 troojjs, mostly nine-months' men, accompanied or followed Banks to his new field, so that the early spring fV)und him in command of some 30,000 men, organized in four divisions and known as the Nineteenth Corps. With this force it was intended that he should assist Gen- eral Grant in opening the Mississippi and subdue the armed rcljel- lion in Louisiana and Texas. Before moving in force against Port Hudson, Banks on the 10th of April at the head of 17,000 men marched from Brashear City against the Confederates under Gen- eral Richai'd Taylor, driving him from Fort Bisland and marching up the Teche and Atchafalaya, scattering every Confederate force as far as Alexandria on the Red river. He then moved against Port Hudson, opening the siege the latter part of May, 1863, and receiv- ing the surrender July 9, just in time to dispatch a portion of his victorious troops down the river to deal with Taylor, who had reor- ganized his forces and was threatening Donaldsonville and other points in the rear of New Orleans. The Confederates were driven back to Opelousas, after which no important movements occurred in Louisiana till the opening of the sjjring campaign of 1864. The nine-months' men of Banks's army having gone home soon after the fall of Port Hudson, their places were filled in a manner by colored regiments organized from the ex-slaves and other negroes of the vicinity. On the 26th of October, 1863, General J^anks with 6,000 men under the immediate command of General N. J. T. Dana-, supported by a naval force, sailed for Brazos Santiago on the Rio Grande, where a landing was effected and within a month most of the important posts on the Texas coast had been recovered to the national government. Having accomplished all that his force permitted. General Banks in person returned to New Orleans and prepared for the Red River expedition, which was undertaken ])y order of General Halleck instead of the movement against Galves- ton which would have better pleased Banks. The result i)roved a miserable failure, as General Banks had foreseen. The combined expedition failed to reach Shreveport, its first oljjective point. Banks's advance was met and defeated at Sabine Cross Roads bv a 882 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. superior Confederate force on the 8th of April, ^nd fell back to Pleasant Grove, where by aid of reinforcements the enemy were in turn defeated near night of the same day. Banks then fell back to Pleasant Hill, Avhere another battle was fought on the 9th, the Confederates being again repulsed. General Banks then desired to resume the march to Shreveport, but after careful consideration it was deemed impracticable and the retrograde move was con- tinued, the vessels of the co-operating fleet being rescued with great difficulty owing to the lovv water, and both army and navy being much annoyed by the enemy. The battle of Cane River was fought on the 23d of April, and was the last serious engagement during the retreat, though it was not till the 20th of May that the army crossed the Atchafalaya. General Banks was then relieved by General E. R. S. Canby, and was not again in active command dur- ing the war. General Banks was a modest, earnest, intensely patriotic officer, and while some of his military acts were unfortu- nate, others were eminently successful, and the failure of the Red River attempt cannot justly be charged against him, since he undertook it under protest. He was mustered out of service August 24, 1865. Brevet Major General John G. Barnard Was a native of Sheffield, where he was born in 1815, and gradu- ated from the Military Academy at West Point in the class of 1833, His service was almost exclusively in the engineering department, and from 1835 to 1852 was on the Gulf Coast, engaged on fortifi- cations and harbor improvements. He took part in the Mexican war, and was twice brevetted for distinguished services. He was then occupied in various engineering duties, the last being in New York harbor, where the opening of the rebellion in 1861 found him. He was chief engineer of the army under General McDowell, hav- ing attained the rank of major, and under General McClellan was chief engineer in charge of the fortifications of Washington, being commissioned brigadier general of volunteers from the 23d of Sep- tember, 1861. He accompanied the Army of the Potomac on the Peninsular campaign and was in charge of its engineering opera- tions, returning after the unfortunate close of the campaign to the defenses of Washington. He retained that position till the promo- tion of Grant to the lieutenant generalship, when he was made GENERAL OFFICERS. 883 entrineer in chief of armies in the field, in which ca])acity he served on General Grant's staff till the close of the war. He received the brevet of major treneral in the reirular line datinu' from March 13, 1865, and on the 15th of January, 1800, was mustered out of the volunteer service. Resuming his duties in the Engineer Corps, he served until his retirement, having attained the rank of colonel, and died at Detroit, Mich., May 14, 1882. General Barnard wns X m. Brevet Major Hrnhral J G. Barnard. an author of note, publishing several volumes of imj) u'tance on topics connected with his profession, and received the degree of A. M. from the University of Alabama in 1838, as well as that of LL. I), from Yale College in 1864. Brevet Major General James Barnes Of Springfield graduated at the Military Academy, "West Point, in the class of 1829. He passed a year there as assistant instructor, took part in the Black Hawk expedition of 1832, and during the nullification controversy soon after was stationed in Charleston 884 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. harbor. He then returned to West Point as assistant instructor and served three years, resigning his commission in 1836. He be- came noted as a civil engineer and a builder of railroads, and was engaged in large business enterprises when the war broke out. But neither his financial interests nor his advancing years and the com- forts of home life could stand between this pure-minded patriot and the service of his country, and at the age of 55, on the 26th of July, 1861, he was commissioned colonel of the Eighteenth Massachusetts Volunteers. He commanded his fine regiment with signal ability Brevet Major General James Barnes. till after the. close of the Peninsular campaign, when he succeeded to the command of Martindale's Brigade of the Fifth Corps, and dating from the 29th of November, 1862, was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers. He was in command of the brigade during the Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville campaigns, and at Gettysburg had risen to command the First Division, Fifth Corps. Leading his forces to the relief of the Union left near the close of the second day's battle, he was wounded and did not again return to active duty in the field. After the battle he was placed in charge of the defenses of Norfolk, Va., and vicinity, and in succession of GENERAL OFFICERS. S85 St. Mary's District and the encampment of Confederate prisoners at Point Lookout, Md., where he remained till the close of the war, receiving the brevet of major general of volunteers from March 13, 1865. He remained in commission till January 15, 18G6, when he was mustered out and returned to his home, but never regained his health, dying there on the 12th of February, 1869. Brevet Major General William F. Bartlett Of Winthrop left Harvard College during his junior year to serve his country, his first experience being as a member of the Fouith Battalion, M. A'. M., which for a month from April 25, 1861, gar- Brevet Major General William F. Bartlett. risoned Fort Independence in Boston Harbor. Directly afterward he was offered and accepted a commission in the Twentieth Regi- ment, then being formed, and on the 10th of July became its sen- ior captain. In the battle of Ball's Bluff, Captain Bartlett led the first detachment of his regiment which crossed the river, and was last to leave the field when the l)attle was lost, but succeeded 886 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. in rescuing all of his command and many others by means of a small boat. On the 24th of April, 1862, during the siege of York- town, he was wounded in the Rnee by a Confederate sharpshooter, necessitating the amputation of his leg. Early in September fol- lowing he took command of Camp Briggs at Pittsfield, where the Forty-ninth Regiment was being recruited and on the 12th of November was commissioned colonel of that organization. Dur- ing the encampment of his command on Long Island he was at times placed in charge of several regiments, winning high com- mendation for his qualities as a commander. Joining General Banks in Louisiana, he led his regiment ably till the charge of May 27, 1863, on the hostile works at Port Hudson. Being obliged to accompany his mfcn on horseback, — being the only mounted officer on the field, — he received two wounds, one in his remaining leg and a badly shattered left wrist. By these wounds he was disabled till long after the expiration of the term of service of his regiment; but as soon as he was able began to raise the Fifty-seventh (Vet- eran) Regiment, of which he was commissioned colonel to date from August 17, 1863. This regiment was not filled till late in the ■winter following, but it joined the Ninth Corps in season for the opening of the 1864 campaign, suffering terribly in the battle of the Wilderness, Colonel Bartlett himself being disabled by a wound in the head. Before he was sufficiently recovered to return to the field he received the well-earned promotion to a brigadier-general- ship, his commission dating from June 20, 1864, and on the 23d of July he assumed command of the First Brigade. First Division, Ninth Corps, which included the Fifty-seventh and several other Massachusetts regiments. One week later he led his command into the horrible death-tra}) at '' the Crater," where it remained, fighting stubbornly across the works, till the closing in of the enemy on the flanks rendered further resistance but madness, when the remnant of the gallant band surrendered to General Mahone. General Bart- lett was removed to Danville, N. C, where he was for a long time very severely ill, barely escaping death and never recovering his health fully. He was finally exchanged, reaching Baltimore on the 26th of September. He recovered very slowly from the great de- bilitation of his illness, but on the 19th of June, 1865, assumed command of the First Division, Ninth Corps, which he retained till the breaking up of that organization on the 14th of July. He had GENERAL OFFICERS. 887 meantime received the brevet of major general, datinu" from ^March 13, I8G0, and was granted six months' leave of absence, most of which he spent in Europe. General Bartlett was mustered out of service July 18, 18GG ,and subsequently engaged in business; Init his health gradually failed and he died at his home in Pittstield, Decem- ber 17, 1876. Brevet Brigadier General James L. Bates Of \Veymouth v.as in the leather trade in Boston at the opening of the war, but promptly joined those in his own town who were en- gaged in raising a company for the Twelfth ( Wel)ster) Regiment, and was elected and commissioned its captain. In this capacity he served with marked ability till the 5th of August, 1862, when he was commissioned major of the Thirty-third Massachusetts Volun- teers. Following the death of Colonel Webster, General Hartsuff recommended Major Bates for the vacant colonelcy of the Twelfth ; he was commissioned dating from the oth of Se])tember, and on the 21st took command of what remained of that regiment after its Ijloody experiences at Antietam. From the 18th of May, 1864, to the close of his regiment's term of service he was in command of the bri- gade, handling it in a masterly manner, and during the movement of the army from Spottsylvania obtained information which led to an entire change of movement of the Union army, for which he received special thanks in General Orders. Returning home with his regiment he was mustered out as colonel July 8, 1864, but Con- gress very tardily in December, 1868, gave him the well-deserved brevet of brigadier general "for gallant and meritorious service in the war." He sei'ved as Commander of the Department of Massa- chusetts, Grand Army of the Republic, in 1870 and died Novem- ber 11, 1875. Brevet Brigadier General William Blaisdell, A native of New Hampshire, enlisted in the Fourth United States Infantry in 1833 and served in the regular army for 16 years. He shared in the Indian and Mexican wars, in the latter holding a position on the staff of General Scott, and being wounded while charging a battery. On his discharge from the army he was ap- pointed inspector in the Boston Custom House, where the ojiening of the war found him. He was offered bv General Scott a commis- !S8S MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. sion as captain in the regular army, but decided instead to enter the volunteer service, which he did as lieutenant colonel of the Eleventh Massachusetts Regiment, to which position he was mus- tered June 13, 1861. On the resignation of Colonel Clark, October 11 following, he succeeded to the colonelcy, which rank he held dur- ing the remainder of his service. In the autumn of 1802 he for a Brevet Brig. Gen. William Blaisdell. time commanded a provisional brigade at Warrenton, but on the ad- vance of the Army of the Potomac toward Fredericksburg in Novem- ber returned to his regiment, with which his fortunes were thence- forth principally associated. He was killed in front of Petersburg on the 23d of June, 1864, while temporarily in command of the " Corcoran Legion," and his brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated from the day of his gallant death. His body was brought home and received honored burial at Alexandria, N. H., his native town. Brevet IJriiyadier General Samuel Breck. A native of Middleboro and a representative of one of the oldest Massachusetts families, was in the United States Army and an assist- ant professor at West Point when the civil war began. Pie graduated GENERAL OFFICERS. S89 in the class of 1855, was commissioned second lieutenant of the First Artillery and entered service in Florida, where he was em- ployed in the last war against the Seminole Indians. Afterward, from 185G to 1860, he was stationed at various forts on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and from the latter date to Deeemljcr 3, 1801, was at the Military Academy, having been promoted to first lieutenant. He then took the position of assistant adjutant general on the staff of General McDowell, wdiich he I'ctaincd till the 30th of June. 1802, Hrbvht BKir;. Gen. Samuel Brkck. serving the Army of the Totomac in the defenses of Washington, in the First Army Corps, in the Department of the Rappahannock, and the expedition to the Shenandoah Valley in May and June, 1802. On the 2d of July he took a position as assistant in the adjutant general's oftice at Washington, where he served during the remainder of the war, in charge of " rolls, returns, books, Ijlanks and business pertaining to the enlisted men of the regular and volunteer forces," and the like. He was commissioned captain November 29, 1801 ; major May 23, 1802, and was successively brevetted lieutenant colonel, colonel and brigadier general in tlie regular army, the two latter being bestowed March 13, 1865, " for 890 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. diligent, faithful and meritorious service in the adjutant general's department during the rebellion." He is still in active service as assistant adjutant general with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Brigadier General Henry S. Briggrs, Son of Governor George N. Briggs, was a lawyer at Pittsfield at the opening of the war and was captain of the Allen Guards of that town. Tendering the services of his command, he was sum- moned from an important law case at Boston to join the Eighth Brig. Gen. Henrv S. Briggs. Regiment under the first call, and met his company at Springfield en route to Washington. From this service he was discharged June 10, 1861, to be commissioned colonel of the Tenth Regiment, which he commanded up to the battle of Fair Oaks, where he was severely wounded while bravely fighting his regiment against supe- rior numbers. His commission as brigadier dated from the 17th of June, 1862, and September 10 he established a camp of instruc- tion for a brigade of fresh troops at Arlington Hights. About the close of the month he was sent in charge of 15 new regiments to GENERAL OFFICERS. 801 reinforce the army under General McClcllan, himself taking com- mand of the Second JJrigade, Third Division, Fifth Corps. Before the movement of the Army of the Potomac, however, his imperfect recovery obliged him to again rctnrn to Masssachusctts. During the following winter he was assigned a command with head-([uarters at lialtimorc extending from Fi-ederick to Annapolis, a part of General Schenck's Middle Department. During the retreat of Lee from Gettysburg, General Isriggs joined the Army of the Potomac with reinforcements and for a short time held a command in the First Corps. In August, 1863, he was placed in charge of a ren- dezvous for drafted and enlisted men at Alexandria, where he re- mained till July, 1804 ; afterward serving on general court-martial at Washington till December 6, 1865, when he was finally mustered out, after four and a half years of devoted service. General Briggs died at his home in Pittsficld September 23, 1887. Brevet Brigadier General Horace Brooks Was a son of Massachusetts, from which he entered West Point Military Academy July 1, 1831, being appointed through the appli- cation of General Lafayette. He graduated in the class of 1835, receiving the brevet of second lieutenant, Second United States Artillery, and at once entered active service. Before the chjse of the year he received a commission as second and was brevetted lirst lieutenant for gallant conduct against the Florida Indians. During the Mexican war he was twice brevetted, the last being as lieutenant colonel, he having already attained the rank of captain, which he held till the opening of the civil war, which found him in command of the light battery school at Fort Leavenworth. His command was removed to Fort McIIenry, near Baltimore, which he })rocceded to put in order, and on the 22d of February, 1861, passed his companies in review before President Buchanan — the event causing much excitement. Soon after he was placed in com- mand of a steamer sailing with sealed orders which proved to be for Fort Pickens, Pensacola, where with the two companies under his command he arrived April 21, and the next day took part in the council of war which was held to- determine whether the fort should be held or surrendered. After the Mason and Slidell capture he was sent to the Tortugas to make preparations there f(U- whatever 892 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. might result. Being relieved by a volunteer regiment he was ordered to Ohio as superintendent of the recruiting service and mustering and disbursing officer for the United States, taking with him a mill- ion dollars. During 1861 he had been promoted successively to major and lieutenant colonel, and on the 1st of August, 1863, he was made colonel of the Fourth United States Artillery and was # I / Brevet Brig, Gen. Horace Brooks. transferred to the defenses of Washington, where he was on duty at the time of General Early's threatened attack the following summer. He received the brevet of brigadier general in the United States Army to date from the 13th of March, 1865, for meritorious services during the war, and remained colonel of the Fourth Artil- lery till the 10th of January, 1877, when he was placed on the re- tired list after almost 46 years in the service of his country. Brevet Brigadier General Sidney Burbank, A son of Massachusetts and a graduate of the Military Academy at West Point in the class of 1829, was on graduation commis- sioned second lieutenant in the First Infantry, and for 30 years GENERAL OFFICERS. 893 served principally in garrison, frontier and recruitino; duty. He took part in the Black Hawk and Florida wars with the Indians, and was for nearly four years assistant instructor at the Military Academy. He was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Thir- teenth Retiular Infantry, May 14, 1861, and colonel of the Second Infantry Septeml)or 1(3, 1862. In the spring of 18<)3 he entered the field in command of one of the regular brigades of the Fifth Corps, having up to that time been engaged in recruiting service. He served in this capacity at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; in the last-named his command — Second Brigade, Second Division, Fifth Corps — rendering brilliant service at the cost of one-half its numbers. He successfully commanded the First Brigade of Regu- lars till January, 1864, when he took charge of the camp for drafted men at Columbus, 0., remaining till midsummer, when with his regiment he was stationed at Newport Barracks, Ky., where he remained till the close of the war. His brevet dated from March 13, 1865, and was conferred " for gallant and meritorious service at the battle of Gettysburg." General Burljank died at Newport, Ivy., December 7, 1882. Major General Benjamin F. Bntler, Of Lowell, was when the rebellion broke out engaged in the prac- tice of law at Boston. He had long been identified with the militia of the State and at that time was a brigadier general, ranking third, in the state organization. He was also a noted democratic politician and had taken a prominent part in the Charleston con- vention of the previous April. When Sumter was fired upon and Massachusetts Avas called on for two regiments, the requisition being speedily enlarged to include four regiments and a brigade com- mander. General Butler, though not the ranking brigadier, obtained the appointment and at once set out, accom|)anying the Eighth Regiment by way of Springfield and New York to Fhiladelphia, where on the 19th of April, 1861, news was received of the not in Baltimore during the passage of the Sixth Massachusetts, the clos- ing of railroad and telegraphic communication and the cutting off of Washington from the loyal states. After a night of consulta- tion and investigation, General Butler decided to join forces with the Seventh New York Regiment, then on its way under command of Colonel Lefferts, and move by way of Annapolis. Colonel S!)4 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Lefferts declining to join in the enterprise, General Butler with the Eighth Regiment took cars to Perryville, where he boarded the ferryboat Maryland and steamed to Annapolis. There a landing was made on the 21st, the United States school-ship Constitution was rescued from the danger of capture to which she had been for some time exposed and sent to New York with a detachment of the Eighth aboard, while the rest of the regiment landed and pre- pared to open the railroad to Annapolis Junction and thus restore communication with Washin2;tom. Before the able artisans had Major General Benj. F. Butler. completed the task of repairing the railroad, bridges and rolling stock, an order from General Scott, commander-in-chief, directed General Butler to remain at Annapolis in command, and for some time the valiant general was occupied in receiving and forwarding by the route which he had opened the thousands of troops that came pouring in from the loyal states in response to the President's call. General Butler then went to Washington for a conference with General Scott and other authorities in regard to the course to be pursued, the result of which was that on the 4th of May he moved two regiments, including the Sixth Massachusetts, and a battery to GENERAL OFFICERS. siC) Relay House, i few miles fi'<»in Baltimore, — all these points bciiiu- within the Department of Aiinajiolis of which he had l)een made commander. From Relay House, on the evening of May 13, Gen- eral Butler l)acked a railroad train containing a considerable part of his force to the city of Baltimore, and under cover of a heavy thunder storm took possession of Federal Mill, almost unobserved, whence on the following moining ho issued a })roclamatlon announc- ing his pur{)Oses. This occupation of Baltimore displeased (General Scott, however, and on the IrJth the troops were withdrawn to Relay House and General Cadwalader succeeded to the command. General Butler on reporting at Washington was commissioned a major general of volunteers — the first commission of that grade issued — and was made commander of the Department of Virginia, embracing the country within bO miles of Fortress Monroe, with head-(puirters at that stronghold. This command he held till the 18th of August, the most important event during the time in a military way being the expedition against the Confederates under General Magruder on the night of June 9 and the skirmish — for battle it can hardly be called — at Great ]]ethel the next day. He was then relieved of the command of the department. General John E. "Wool being his successor. Being assigned to no other field of usefulness, General Butler asked one at the hands of General Wool, and for a time commanded the troops encamped outside the fort. He had already arranged an exi)cdition for the capture of the Confederate forts at Hatteras Inlet, and that being about to sail he accompanied it and received the surrender of the fortifications. Having provided for the per- manent occupation of that post by the United States government, General Butler repaired to Washington and obtained authority to recruit six regiments in New England for an expedition, the order bearing date of Sei»tember 10, 1861. In his zeal to fill the regi- ments he became involved in a serious quarrel with (xovernor Andrew over the two from Massachusetts ; but in the early part of the winter following the organizations were completed and after much deliberation New Orleans was selected as the objective point. Arrangements having been made for the co-operation of a naval force under Captain Farragut, General Butler and his command of about 15,000 men sailed for Ship Island, off the Mississipj)i coast, which was made the rendezvous for the expedition. The forces 896 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. were ready March 25, 1862, but the fleet did not get across the bar at the mouth of the Mississippi river till April 16, when the attack on Forts St. Philip and Jackson, the running of the batteries by a portion of the war vessels, the destruction of the Confederate fleet, the surrender of New Orleans, followed by that of the forts, and the establishment of General Butler at the Crescent City succeeded rapidly. The vigorous measures of the commander for the preser- vation of peace, his charitable steps for the relief of suffering and in furnishing labor for the unemployed, his sanitary care for the health of the troops and the citizens, were all characteristic of the man's unflagging energy. From May 1 to December 15 he com- manded the Department of the Gulf, with head-quarters at New Orleans, when he was relieved by General Banks. General Butler was not immediately assigned to a command, but in December, 1863, he succeeded General Foster in command of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, with head-quarters at Fortress Monroe, the Department including the state of North Carolina and that part of Virginia south of the Rappahannock river and cast of the Fredericksburg and Richmond Railroad. General Butler's first important enterprise after assuming his new com- mand was an attempt to capture Richmond by the dash of a light column under General Wistar, aided by a diversion on the part of the Army of the Potomac, early in February, 1864, l)ut the attempt came to naught. The Army of the James was meantime organized, consisting of the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps and a force of cavalry, with which General Butler operated against Richmond and Peters- burg during the following spring and summer in support of and often in active co-operation with the Army of the Potomac. During the autumn a great piece of engineering work was accomplished by the colored soldiers of the army in the digging of the Dutch Gap Canal, which ])y cutting off a considerable Ijend in the James river would it was hoped avoid several strong Confederate fortifications and allow the approach of Union war vessels nearer to Richmond. The bulkhead of earth was blown out on the 1st of January, 1865, but the result was a failure. At the presidential election of 1864, General Butler was ordered to New York to keep the peace, and on his return took part in the operations against Fort Fisher, the main defense of Wilmington, N. C. Preliminary to the combined naval and military attack, a vessel loaded with 215 tons of powder was GENERAL OFFICERS. 897 run near to the fort and exploded, in llic li()}ie of demolisliinir the fortifications, though the result ])r()ved the effect to be very insiunifi- cant. General Butler commanded the land forces intended to act in connection witli the ])()\vert'ul tlcet of Admiral Porter, and on the 25th of December had landed a jiortion of them, when the weather becoming so rough as to prevent further operations, and hearing that hostile reinforcements were near, the general felt justilied in re-embarking his troops and temporarily abandoning the attempt. This result was a great disappointment to the country and especially to General Grant, who relieved General Butler of his command. He was succeeded in the command of the Department and the Army of the James by General E. 0. C. Ord, and did not again take the field during the war, resigning his commission November 30, 18G5. Brevet Brigadier General Sumner Carruth Was one of the original captains of the First Massachusetts Regi- ment, enlisting from Chelsea, and served with that regiment till the battle of Fair Oaks, when he was severely wounded in the arm and returned to Massachusetts where he was commissioned major of the Thirty-lifth Regiment, which he commanded at Antietam, where he was wounded in the neck, having previously been advanced to the rank of lieutenant colonel. On the 14th of November, at Faucjuier White Sulphur Springs, having crossed the Rappahannock in search of food, Lieutenant Colonel Carruth was captured by a scouting party of the enemy, but was exchanged and rejoined his regiment at New- port News, accompanying it to Kentucky, Tennessee and Mississippi, being commissioned colonel A])ril 25, 1863. Though sufl'ering much from ill-health during subsequent campaigns. Colonel Carruth when able to take the field Avas often in command of his brigade, and at the reorganization of the Ninth Corps for the campaign of 1864 he was appointed to command the First Brigade, First Divis- ion, composed of four regiments of Massachusetts soldiers and two of Regulars. After this he was not much with the regiment till the closing days of its service, after it became a part of General Potters Division and Colonel Curtin's Brigade, when he again took charge of the Thirty-fifth and returned with it to Massachusetts at the close of the war, his brevet of bricradier treneral of volunteers dating from April 2, I860. 898 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Breret Brigadier Gleueral Samuel E. Chamberlain Of Cambridge had seen active military service previous to the war of the rebellion, having enlisted in the First United States Dragoons in 1846, before reaching the age of 16. He took part in many of the principal engagements in Mexico, and afterward served with a company of Rangers employed by the governor of Durango in suppressing Apache outrages in Arizona. In the fall of 1853 he was a member of Walker's expedition for the conquest of Lower Cali- fornia, and took part in three actions which resulted. With this BRn\ET Brig. Gen, S. E. Chamberlain. experience he was well qualified to receive the commission of lirst lieutenant of Company C, Third Massachusetts Militia, which was given him when that regiment with others was called on April 17, 1861, for three months' service of the national government. He commanded his company during a part of its term, and when the regiment returned to Massachusetts he enlisted as a private in the First Massachusetts Cavalry, but was commissioned captain Novem- ber 25, 1861. He became major October 30, 1862, and lieutenant colonel March 5, 1864. He was commissioned colonel to date from the 30th of September following, but was not mustered to I ^. r GENERAL OFFICERS. 81H) that rank. While servino; with the rc^imont lie took part in 35 engagements, besides numerous cavalry demonstrations, and was seven times wounded — at Poolesville (captured), Kelly's Ford (severely), Brandy Station, St. Mary's Church, Malvern Hill, Reams Station and Boydtown Plank Road. During the winter of 1862 and spring of 18G3 he was chief of staff to (Jeni'ral W. W. Averell till wounded at Kelly's Ford, and in the winter of 18(!4 commanded Camj) Parole at Auna])olis. He was mustered out at the final discharge of the regiment, July 28, 1865, but was at once commissioned colonel of the Fifth ^lassachusetts Cavalry, then stationed in Texas, joined the command and served with it till its muster out at the close of October, 1865. He received the brevet of brigadier general to date from the 24th of February, 1865, for gallant and meritorious conduct in covering the retreat of Gregg's Division of cavalry at the disastrous battle of St. Mary's Church. In 1866 he Avas appointed assistant quartermaster general with the rank of colonel on the staff of Governor Bullock ; in 1871 was ap- pointed warden of the state-prison of Massachusetts, held the posi- tion for ten vears and resitrncd in 1S81. Brevet Brigadier General Thomas E. Chickering Of Boston was for many years previous to the war a vahiablc officer in the Massachusetts Militia, at one time commanding the New England (niards. He was made colonel of the Forty-lirst Massa- chusetts Volunteers, with commission dating from Sejjtcmber 15, 1862, and left the state with his command November 5 following to join the expedition of General Banks for Louisiana. Apart from his duties with the regiment, he was fre(|uently assigned to responsi- ble positions of wider scope. Early in March, I860, ho connuanded an expedition from Baton Rouge for the destruction of bridges over the Comite river, and returning from the successful prosecution of this object was placed in command of the post at Baton Rouge while the bulk of the ai-my under (ieneral Banks made a demon- stration to the rear of Port Hudson. During the movement of Banks's army through the interior of Louisiana he was successively military governor of Opelousas and connnandant of the military depot at Barre's Landing. On the ITtli of June, his regiment was transformed into the Third Massachusetts Cavalrv and assiirned to 900 MASSACHUSETTS IN Tilt: WAB. the brigade of General Grierson, engaged in outpost and scouting duty in connection with the various movements of the Army of the Gulf. Colonel Chickering resigned his commission on the 1st of Brevet Brig. Gen T. E. Chickering. September, 1864, and received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers from the 13th of March, 1865. He died at his home in Boston on the 14th of February, 1871. Brevet Brig-adier General Robert E. Clary, A native of Springfield, was appointed from Massachusetts to the military academy at West Point in 1823, graduating July 1, 1828, when he was commissioned second lieutenant of the First Infantry. He served in various portions of the country, rising through the successive grades till the opening of the rebellion found him a staff major and chief quartermaster of the department of Utah. His service was principally in the quartermaster's department, and he was chief quartermaster of the Department of West Virginia from November, 1861, to July, 1862, then of the Army of Virginia under GENERAL OFFICERS. !MH General Pope ; then of the Department of the Northwest to the 20th of March, 18G3. He then served in the (luurtormaster general's othce at Washington till August 24, 18G4, when he was placed in charge of the Memphis depot, where he remained till the close of the war. He Avas commissioned lieutenant colonel in the regular line April 15, 1864, colonel July 20, 18t»G, and was retired, being over 62 years of age, on the 22d of February, 1869. He was brevetted brigadier general on the 13tli of March, 18t)5, on account of faithful and meritorious services during the rebellion. Brevet Brigadier General William Cogswell Left his law office at Salem to raise a company for the Second Regi- ment, and entered the service May 24, 1861, as captain in that organization, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel October 23, 1862, and on the 6th of June following being ])romoted to the colonelcy. He commanded the regiment most of the time from An- tictam to Atlanta, and was post commandant at the latter place. At Savannah on the loth of December following, he received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers and a month later was assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, Third Division, Twentieth Corps. He led his command through the Carolinas, rendering valu- able service at the battles of Averysboro and Bentonville, and was mustered out of service June 25, 1865. Brevet Major General Cyrus B. Comstock Was honi in Massachusetts in 1831, entered the Military Academy at West Point at the age of 20 and graduated in 1855, receiving during the autumn of that year a commission as second lieutenant of Engineers. During the next four years he was engaged in the ordinary duties of his rank, and from 1859 to 1861 was an assist- ant instructor at West Point, being commissioned first lieutenant July 1, 1860. While Washington was being fortified during the latter part of 18r»l and the following winter, he served efficiently under General Barnard, the chief engineer, as he did in the Penin- sular campaign of 1862, and at South Mountain and Antietam. Dur- ing the winter and spring following he was chief engineer of the Army of the Potomac, but early in 1863 was transferred to the De- 902 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. partment of the Tennessee and as chief engineer of the Army of the Tennessee took part in the siege of Vicksburg, for which he received the brevet of major, having in March been commissioned captain. On the 19th of November he was made assistant inspector general of the Department of the Mississippi, with the rank of lieutenant colonel of vohmteers, which he held till the 28th of March, 1864, when he was made a member of Lieutenant General Grant's staff, being for some two years senior aide. In this position he rendered valuable service, receiving the brevet of lieutenant " i>=^9?^ " ' '' Brevet Major General C. Comstock. colonel for the ]mrt taken in the battle of the Wilderness. He was chief engineer of the Fort Fisher expedition of 1865, winning there the brevet of colonel ; and was senior engineer of the operations of General Canby against Mobile, where he obtained the additional brevet of brigadier general. United States Army. He also received in the volunteer service the brevets of colonel and brigadier gen- eral for gallant and meritorious services in the capture of Fort Fisher, and of majoi' general for his part in the campaign against Mobile, the three Fort Fisher brevets dating from the 15th of Janu- ary and that of major general from the 26th of ]\Iarch, 1865. GENERAL OFFICERS. '•»<« After the close of the war he remained on the staff of the general of the army till May 3, 1870, when he returned to duty in the engi- neer department. He is a meml)er of the National Academy of Sciences, of the Permanent Board of i-liiiiiueers, and President of the ^Mississippi River Commission, and was author of the rejjort on the Primary Triangulation of the United States Lake Survey. Major (lieiUM-al Darius N. Couch, Native of New York, was appointed from that state to the Military Academy at West Point in 1842, graduating four years later and being made brevet second lieutenant of the Fourth Artillery. In Majok General Darii's N Couch. The war with Mexico he received a commission as second and brevet as llrst lieutenant for gallant and meritorious conduct at the Ijattle of Buena Yista. Subsequently he was in garrison at Fortress Mon- roe, Fort Pickens and at Key West Barracks, where he was in command, and took part in the Seminole war of 1849-50, winning the commendation of the Secretary of War for his promptness in moving his command up the east coast of Florida for the protec- 904 MASSACHUSETTS IJ^ THE WAR. tion of the settlers. Resigning from Fort Leavenworth, Kan., in 1855, he located at Taunton three years later, and was engaged in the manufacture of copper sheathing when the war broke out. Offering his services to Governor Andrew, he was authorized to raise the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment, was commissioned its colonel and accompanied it to Washington. Taking command of the brigade of which his regiment formed a part, he received the commission of brigadier general of volunteers dating from May 17, 1861, continuing in command during the fall and winter at Brightwood in the northern defenses of Washington. In the organization of the Army of the Potomac for the Peninsular cam- paign in the spring of 1862, General Couch was given command of a division of the Fourth Corps, holding the left of the Union line during the siege of Yorktown and in the subsequent campaign rendering signal service at the battles of Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Glendale and Malvern Hill. Moving his division to Alexandria in support of Pope's retreat from Manassas, he joined in the Mary- land campaign which succeeded it, having again the left of the army and consequently taking no active part in the battle of An- tietam. Having been commissioned major general of volunteers dating from July 4, 1862, he was in October given command of the Second Corps at Harper's Ferry. At Fredericksburg his corps bore the brunt of the fight, losing over 4000 ofiicers and men in the attempt to carry the enemy's works on the bights above the city. The same corps, under his command at Chancellorsville lost more than 2000, attesting the earnest and deadly nature of its work. Soon after the battle General Couch was obliged by ill- health to forego an active command, though his name was at the time under consideration by the President as the successor to Hooker in command of the Army of the Potomac. Declining to be considered himself. General Couch suggested to Mr. Lincoln the name' of General Meade as being best fitted for the responsil)le place — a suggestion which was some time later acted upon. In June, 1863, the Department of the Susquehanna was created and placed under command of General Couch, with head-quarters at Harrisburg, and he was instructed to raise and organize a force of militia to resist the invasion of Pennsylvania by the Confederates ■ under Lee. Considering the limited time and all elements of the material at hand, much ability was displayed by General Couch in GENERAL OFFICERS. 005 this field, while the defeat of the invaders at Gettysburg assured to the loyal states immunity from future irruptions in force. Tiie department was continued under the same command, however, till November, 1864, when General Couch was directed to report to General Thomas at Nashville, then besieged by Hood's army. On reaching the city General Couch was assigned by Thomas to the command of the Fourth Corps, but that arrangement not meeting the approval of the Washington authorities he was given command of the Second Division, Twenty -third Corps. In the battle of Nashville which soon followed this division bore an honorable part, operating against the enemy's left, and cai)turing guns and pris- oners. During the winter the corps, commanded by General Scho- ficld, was transferred by way of Washington to North Carolina. Couch's Division started from Wilmiugton on the 6th of March, 1865, to effect a junction with the rest of the corps under Schofield advancing from Newborn, the point of junction being Kinston and the destination Goldsboro. This march of the Second Division was made with such celerity, notwithstanding some formidable obstacles, that the enemy who had successfully attacked Scholield were compelled to retire, leaving that officer's route to Kinston open. ()n the 25th of March General Couch took position at Mos- ley Hall, midway between Kinston and (Joldsboro, to protect supply trains ruuning from Kinston to (Jeneral Sherman's lu'ad-([uarters at Goldsboro. The plan adopted by General Couch in this impor- tant duty was so perfect that not a train carrying stores to the needy troo))s was attacked. Instead of undertaking to closely guard the 30 miles of railway, he kept the enemy, who lay on his Hank, under constant alarm by daily pushing bodies of troops in their direction, adopting daily a different route, thus keeping the entire Confederate force constantly on the alert for their own safety. The war being finished. General Couch, having served ably and faithfully in whatever station he had been placed, offered his resignation, which was accepted June 9, 1865. At the deposit of the Imttle-flags of the returned regiments at the State House, Dec- ember 22, 1865, where they are still sacredly preserved, General Couch, with General Edward W. Iliucks as chief of staff', com- numded the column of veterans representing nearly every command which went from the state, as they proudly bore the tattered stand- ards to their final resting place. 906 MASSACHUSErrS IN THE WAR. Brigadier General Robert Cowdin, Of Boston, was colonel of the First Massachusetts Regiment of Massachusetts Militia when the war broke out, and on his com- mand being reorganized for the three-years' service he retained the rank, leading his regiment through its earlier experiences, includ- ing the battle of Blackburn's Ford. In October following, as sen- ior colonel he took command of the brigade, which was ordered to duty on the Maryland shore of the Potomac below Washington, which command he retained till February 17. 1862, when he re- turned to the regiment and with it shared the experiences of the Peninsular and Manassas campaigns. Again taking command of the brigade (Grover's), on the 1st of September, Colonel Cowdin retained that position during the month, when he received from the President the appointment of brigadier general for distinguished conduct at the battle of Williamsburg. Reporting to Washington for orders, he was assigned to the Second Brigade of Abercrombie's Division, located near Upton's Hill, Va., with which he served till the adjournment of Congress on the 4th of March, 1863, when, that body having failed to confirm his appointment, his commission expired, he returned to Massachusetts and did not again enter the field. General Cowdin died of cancer of the stomach, July 9, 1874. Brevet Brigadier General Charles H. Crane, M. D., Born in Rhode Island in 1825, graduated from Yale College in 1844 and fruni the Medical Department of Harvard University in 1847. He was approved for medical service in the United States Army a few months later, and early in 1848 joined the army in Mexico, as assistant surgeon. He served later on the Atlantic Coast, in Flor- ida and on the Pacific Coast till 1856, rendering valuable service during the Indian troubles there. He was then for more than two years a member of an examining board, and at the outbreak of the rebellion was on duty at army head-quarters. He was made full surgeon on the 21st of May, 1861, and was on duty at Key West and in the Department of the South till September, 1863, when he entered the surgeon general's office at Washington. Dating from the 13th of March, 1865, he was brevetted lieutenant colonel, and brigadier general in the regular army in appreciation of his serv- ices. He was afterward medical director of the Department of the GENERAL OFFICERS. 907 Sou-th, was made colonel and assistant surucon jreneral July 28, 1806, and on the 3d of July, 1882, was promoted to be surgeon Surgeon General Charles H. Crane. general of the United States Army — a position which he had filled much of the time during his lesser rank. He died at Washington on the 10th of October, 1883. Brevet Major General George H. Crosman Was appointed from his native Massachusetts to the Military Acad- emy at West Point in 1819 and graduated four years later, when he was commissioned second lieutenant in the Sixth United States Infantry. He served in various portions of the country, largely in the commissary or quartermaster departments, taking part in the Black Hawk war of 1832, and in the Indian war of 1836-7 served as chief quartermaster. He also held the same rank in the occu- pation of Texas preceding the Mexican wai-, and was hrovettcd major for gallant service at the battle of Palo Alto. His duties were thenceforth entirely connected with the quartermaster's de- 908 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAE. partment, at St. Louis and in the department of Utah till the fall of 1860. During the rebellion he served as chief quartermaster of the Department of Pennsylvania and the Shenandoah from April 29 to August 24, 1861, being afterward depot quartermaster at Brevet Major General George H. Crosman. Philadelphia till after the close of the war. He attained to the rank of colonel February 26, 1863, and March 18, 1865, was bre- vetted brigadier general and major general, United States Army, for "faithful and meritorious services during the rebellion." He was retired July 26, 1866, being over 62 years of age, and died at Philadelphia May 28, 1882. BrcTet Brigadier General Caspar Crowninsliield Of Boston entered the Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers as cap- tain, his commission dating from July 10, 1861. He served with that regiment but a short time, being commissioned captain in the First Massachusetts Cavalry on the 25th of November. After serving with the First till the following summer, he was commis- sioned senior major of the Second Massachusetts Cavalry and led GENERAL OFFICERS. 5109 the first detachment of five comiianies ot that resriment which loft the state on the 12th of Fcbniaiy, 1868, his commission datini-- from the 30th of Januaiy. With this l)attalion he served on the Viruinia Peninsula till ordered to the vicinity of \V:isliin<>'tun to join the rest of the reuMment under Colonel Lowell; but as the latter most of the time commanded a brigade and Lieutenant Colonel Russell was ab- sent, Major Crowninshield was much of the time commanding offi- cer of the Second till the close of the war. fie was ))romoted to lieutenant colonel March 1, 1864, and on the death of Colonel Low- ell, October 21 of that year, he succeeded to the colonelcy. He led the brigade of which his regiment formed a part in the final grand charge at Cedar Creek, and in subse(iuent o])crations, and thence- forth to the close of the war he was sometimes at the head of his regiment and sometimes had a larger command. After the sur- render of the Confederate armies, his regiment being encamped within the Washington defenses and the muster out of the volun- teer army being in progress, he resigned his commission on the IGtli of June, 1865, anlicipating by about a month the return to Massachusetts of his couimand. His brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated, as did so many others, from March 13, 1865. Brevet Brigadier General James A. Ciiniiiugliam Of Gloucester was mustered into the national service November 18, 1861, as first lieutenant of Company D, First Battalion Massachu- setts Infantry, having previously seen service with the state militia. His company formed part of the garrison of Fort Warren in Bos- ton Harbor, and when the battalion was enlarged from four com- panies to six he was made captain of Comijany F, serving with this rank, the battalion having been enlarged to the Thirty-second Regi- ment, until the summer of 1864, when by successive promotions he was advanced to lieutenant colonel, dating from July 30, 1864. Colonel Edmands being disaljled at the battle of Peebles Farm, September 30, Lieutenant Colonel Cunningham thenceforth com- manded the regiment during the remainder of its term of service. On the morning of April 2, 1865, in command of a l)rigade of skir- mishers, he i)ushed his way through from the Five Forks battle-field to the Southside Railroad, where he made large captures of Con- federates and army stores. For this brilliant achievement he ro- 910 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. ceived the brevet of brigadier general dating from April 1. On the morning of the 9th he met the first flag of truce heralding the sur- render of Lee's army. He \Yas mustered out of service with his regi- ment on the 29th of June, and undel* Governor Andrew's successors he was for many years the efficient adjutant general of the state. Brevet Brigadier General Arthur R. Curtis Of Boston was commissioned second lieutenant in the Twentieth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers from the 25th of November, 1861, and first lieutenant from the 16th of January following. As such he served through the campaigns of 1862, being wounded in the leg at Fredericksburg. His promotion to captain dated from the 14th of December, 1862, and with that rank he served till the spring of 1864. The casualties in the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, left him senior officer on duty, and he commanded the regi- ment for 12 days, being badly wounded and made prisoner on the 18th before Spottsylvania. Recovering and being exchanged, he returned to the Twentieth on the 12th of January, 1865, having been promoted to major May 7 and lieutenant colonel June 20, 1864. He commanded the regiment during the movements of the spring of 1865 and till the 29th of May, when the war being ended and the army assembled near Washington, he resigned his com- mission. His brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated from the 13th of March, 1865. Brevet Brigadier General Greely S. Curtis Of Boston was one of the enthusiastic leaders in the formation of the famous Second Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, with which he entered the service as captain of Company B, May 24, 1861. He served in that capacity till the following autumn, when he was commissioned major of the First Massachusetts Cavalry, October 31, and led the first battalion of that arm of the service which left after the opening of the war. In May following he commanded the regiment in the James Island expedition against Charleston and on the return of Colonel Williams to the regular army was made lieutenant colonel dating from October 30, 1862. He was again in command of the reuimcnt at Kelly's Ford on the 17th of GENERAL OFFICE US. 911 March, 1863, and till after the battle of Gettysburg. Disability from ill-health caused his resignation March 4, 1864, after a little less than three years' faithful service. His brevet of brigadier gen- eral of volunteers dated from Mai-ch 13, 1865. Breyet Brij^adier General Nelson H. Daris, U. S. A., was at the ojiening of the war a ca])tain in the .Second United States Infantry, having been appointed to tbe ]\Iilitary Academy from Massachusetts, graduating in 1845 and serving in the Mexican war with distinction, winninu' a brevet. He was com- Bkevet I'.RK. Hbn. Nelson H Davis. missioned colonel of the Seventh Massachusetts Regiment Septem- ber 4, 1861, but served in that capacity loss than three months, dur- ing which time he did much to bring his connuand to a high state of etliciency. Resigning his commission as colonel November 18, he was appointed inspector general on the statf of General Sumner, and retained that position till after the siege of Yorktown the fol- lowing spring, when he was assigned to duty at General McClellan's head-quarters. Being relieved at his own request after the acces- 912 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. sion of General Burnside to the command in November followin<^, he was soon after sent to Tennessee to make investigations in Gen- eral Rosecrans's army. Returning- to Washington, he was at the. request of General Hooker assigned to duty at head-quarters of the Army of the Potomac, where he served till October following, win- ning the brevet of lieutenant colonel in the regular army for gallant conduct at Gettysburg. In October, 1863, he was assigned to duty under General Carleton in the Department of New Mexico, with head-quarters at Santa Fe, and in fighting the Apaches in Arizona the following year won the rank of colonel. Dating from the loth of March, 1865, he received the brevet of brigadier general in the regular army, but continued on duty in the Department of New Mexico till the summer of 1867. From tliat time General Davis served at head-quarters of the various departments or under the direct orders of the Secretary of War till on the death of General D. B. Sacket, inspector general of the army, General Davis was on the 8th of March, 1885, appointed to the vacancy, with the rank of brigadier general. This position he filled till the 20th of September following, when he was placed on the retired list by the operation of law, after 40 years of honorable and active service. Brevet Major General Charles Devens, Jr., A lawyer of Worcester, was not identified with the militia service at the outbreak of the rebellion, but promptly accepted the com- mand of the Third Battalion of Rifles with the rank of major, leav- ing unfinished a case on which he was engaged in the Supreme Court, He was ordered on the 20th of April to set out with his command for the endangered capital, and that evening left Worces- ter for W^ashington by way of Ne^ York and Annapolis. From the latter city he was ordered to Fort McHenry at Baltimore, the presence of his command assuring the safety of that stronghold and no doubt doing much toward the reten'ion of Maryland to the Union. Before the term of service of the battalion expired Major Devens was on the 15th of July, 1861, commissioned as colonel of the Fifteenth Regiment, then being recruited at Worcester, and with that organization he went to the front for the second time. Being stationed with his regiment at Poolesville, Md., late in August, Colonel Devens was sent across the Potomac on the night of the GENERAL OFFICERS. '.ii;; 20th of October, with instructions to find and break up a supi)oscd Confederate camp on the Yiririnia side. The result was the dis- astrous battle of Ball's Bluff, in wliich (he re- borne from the lield received two additional wounds. For his L^ailanti-y on this oc- casion he received the brevet of bri«zadier iicneral, datinj^ fi-om De- ceinl)er 30, 18()4. In January following, having recovered suffi- ciently from his wounds, li»' was placed on special duty at Hilton Head; but a few days later he was again at the head of his brigade making incursions into the coasts in the vicinity, and thus engaged he was active till the surrender of the Confederate armies ended active hostilities. He was afterward with his brigade encamjied at Summerville and Orangeburg, remaining at the latter ])lace during the smnmer of 1865, and though accompanying his favorite Fifty- fifth Regiment to Massachusetts at its muster out, he remained in the service till the P.d of Ai)ril, 18fi6. Brevet liriK'adier Ueueral (»eorj?e 1'. lliiwkes Of Templeton served with honor in the Twenty-first Regiment, befng one of the captains at the organization of that command, promoted to major September 2, 18t>2, and to lieutenant colonel in Ht^cembei' following. After the resignation of Colonel Clark, in April, 18(»:J, he conmianded the regiment in its varied service, with which his history was identical, until July 3, 1864. when failing health re- <]uired his resignation. Probably the most noteworthy military event in his expeinence was the recapture of the Union skirmish line during the siege of Knoxville, when Lieutenant Colonel Hawkes admirably directed with perfect success a charge of two regiments placed under his command. His brevet of brigadier general of volimteci-s dated from March 13, 18<'»">. Brevet Major (>eiierttl Joseph Hayes Of lioston was commissioned major of the Eighteenth ^lassaehusetts Regiment at its organization, Jtdy 26, 1861, and on the promotion of Lieutenant Colonel Ingraham succeeded to the vacancy, his ad- vancement dating from the 25th of August, 1862. He became colonel of the regiment on the promotion of Colonel ]>arnes to brigadier general, November 29, 1862, and on the 1st of Septem- ber, 1863, to^)k eonnnand of the First J]rigade, First Division, Fifth !«0 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Corps, which he held till the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac for the campaign of 1864. He then returned to the com- mand of his regiment, and gallantly led it in the battle of the Wilderness, where he received a severe wound in the head during the lighting of the first day. He was commissioned brigadier gen- eral of volunteers from the 12th of IMay, 18()4, and on recovering from his wound Avas assigned to the command of a brigade in Ayers's Division of the Fifth Corps. At the battle of Weldon E ail- road, Auf,;ust 21, 18(34, lie was taken prisoner and was not again in active command in the field, being mustered out on the 24th of August, 18<)5. Plis brevet of major general of volunteers dated from March 18, iSHr). lirevet Brig-adier General Criiy Y. Henrj^ Represented JMassachusetts only as the colonel of her Fortieth Regi- ment. He was born in Indian Territory, being the son of Major William S. Henry of the United States Army, was appointed from the state of New York to the military academy, graduating in 1861. At the battle of Bull Run he was an aide on the staff of General McDowell, winning complimentary mention, and sul)sequently serv- ing in the Department of the South. He commanded a batteiy at the battle of Pocotaligo, S. C, and took part in the operations on Folly Island, commanding batteries during all the operations against Forts Wagner and Gregg. In November, 1863, he took command of the Fortieth Massachusetts Regiment, and when, two months later, that regiment took the field as mounted infantry he was given command of the Light Brigade, including his own regiment, a bat- talion of cavalry and a battery of artillery. With this command he took an important part in the battle of Olustee, Fla., and in numerous skirmishes. When the bi'igade was broken up in April, 1864, he accompanied his regiment to Virginia and was from that time to the surrender of Lee in command of a brigade in the Array of the James, his commands being successively the First Brigade, Second Division, Tenth Corps; First Brigade, Third Division, Eight- eenth Coi-ps ; and Third Brigade, Third Division, Twenty-fourth Corps. In the various operations against Petersburg and Richmond, including the battle of Cold Hnrbor, he commanded with marked ability, receiving the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers from October 28, 1864. He also received brevets in the regular line GENER A L O FFICER 8. 937 "for gallant and meritorious services" at Pocotalifro, Olustee, in front of Petersburg and during the war, giving him the brevet rank of colonel. Following the surrender of Lee, he was transferred to the plains, where he has since rendered imjtortant service, being transferred to the Ninth Cavalry in 18. During the winter of 1874-5 he was badly frozen in an exj)edition into the lllack Hills, and the following June at the battle of Rosebud, Montana, with Sitting Bull's tribe, he was shot througii the face, losing the sight of his left eye. Brevet Major General Edward W. Hiiicks Of Lynn had been for years a eaj)al)le offieer in the Massachusetts Militia, and when the Eighth Regiment was ealled for three months' N, Bkevbt .Maj GiiN. Edwaku W. Hincks. service after the firing upon Fort Sumter, he went to iho fi-ont as its lieutenant colonel. l*revious to this, anticipating the coming of war, he had jicrsonally visited Washington and asked to be com- missioned in the regular army. His request received favorable con- 938 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. sideration, and on the 26th of April, 1861, he was commissioned second lieutenant in the Second United States Cavalry ; but re- signed on the 4th of June foUowinu', that he might devote himself to the volunteer troops. On the 16th of May he was promoted to the colonelcy of the Eighth, Colonel Munroe having resigned, and with it he served till the 1st of August when it was mustered out. Two days later he was commissioned colonel of the Nineteenth Massachusetts Regiment, then being organized under the three- years' call, and led that worthy organization to the field. At the battle of Ball's Bluff, he was in command of the Union forces on Harrison's Island during and succeeding the engagement. In the Peninsular campaign of the following spring he was severely wounded at the battle of Glendale ; and while not fully recovered, rejoined his regiment in time to take command of the brigade at the Second Bull Run, though not engaged. At Antietam, where his masterly handling of his regiment won great praise, he was again wounded, his right arm being shattered, and he was also shot through the body. These injuries were expected to prove fatal, but he finally rallied and in March, 1863, having been commissioned brigadier general of volunteers dating from the 29th of November, 1862, he was ordered to report to the adjutant general at Washing- ton for light duty. For some three months he was engaged on a court martial, and late in June was ordered to New Hampshire, in connection with the draft and other duties, after which he served as chief mustering and disbursing officer and in command of the draft and recruiting rendezvous at Concord till jVIarch, 1864, when after repeated requests to be sent to the field he was assigned to the com- mand of the District of St. Mary's and the camp of prisoners of war at Point Lookout, Md. About the last of April he was as- signed to command the Third Division, Eighteenth Corps (colored troops) of the Army of the James, and for three months remained in the field at the head of his division, taking valiant part in the operations against Petersburg. Early in July he was ordered back to command the District of St. Mary's, but on reaching Point Look- out was ordered to the defenses of Washington, that city being then threatened by the raid of General Early. Soon after, he was made" president of a court-martial, which sat for some two months, when he was placed in command of the depot for recruits and drafted men and the camp for prisoners of war at Hart's Island in GESERAL OFFICERS. \m New York Harbor. He remained there until the l^t of February, 1865, when lie was ordered to the city of New York as provost mar- shal general, superintendent of recruiting- service and chief muster- ing and disbursing olhcer of the United States for the Eastern Division of New York, He was later transferred to the same duties at Harrisburg, Pa., for the Western Division of Pennsylvania, to which the Eastern Division was subsequently added, where he en- forced the last draft in that state, remaining till the close of the war. On the 30th of June, 18G5, he resigned his commission as brigadier general of volunteers, and on the 28th of July, 1866, was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Fortieth United States In- fantry, having early in that month been appointed governor of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers. The latter position he resigned on the 6th of March following, when he was ordered to duty as })rovost marshal general of the Second Military District, comprising North and South Carolina. This position he held during the reconstruction period, and afterward was in command of the Twenty-lifth United States infantry in North Carolina and at New Orleans, having been transferred to that regiment March 15, ISliO. In May, 1870, he marched with his regiment to the Mexican frontier in Texas, and remained there till the 15th of December, when he was retired with the rank of colonel on account of wounds received in the line of duty. On the 9th of March, 1872, he was again ap- pointed governor of the National Home for Disabled Soldiers at Hampton, Ya., and January 1, 1873, was transferred to the Home at Milwaukee, Wis., from which he resigned on the 15th of October, 1880. Dating from the 2d of Mai-ch, 1867, General Hincks received the brevets of colonel and-brigadier general in the regular army for "gallant and meritorious services" at Antietam and in the assault on Petersburg, respectively; and from the 13th of March, 1865, the brevet of major general of volunteers. Few men gave to the coun- try more varied and honorable service or suffered more severely than did Ceneral Hincks. Major General Joseph Hooker, Born in the town of Iladley, was appointed to the military academy at West Point from Massachusetts, and graduated with the class of 1837, being commissioned second lieutenant in the First United •J40 MASSACHUSETTS IX THE WAR. States Artillery. He served in the Florida war during that and the following years, after which he was stationed at various points on the Canadian frontier during the boundary controversy, with the rank of first lieutenant. From 1840 to 1851 he was on staff duty, this period including the Mexican war, where he was assistant ad- jutant general of Major General Pillow's Division, in which capacity he displayed great heroism and military talent, receiving brevets in Maj. Gen. Jo.-^eph Hooker. the regular order up to and including that of lieutenant colonel, with the commission of captain from the 29th of October, 1848. The following year he went to the Pacific Coast as assistant adjutant general of that military division, and after two and a half years of service was granted leave of absence from November 24, 1851, to February 21, 1853, Avhen he resigned from the army. For five years following he was a farmer in the Sonoma Valley of California, then superintendent of military roads in Oregon, and at the out- break of the rebellion was colonel of a regiment of California Militia. Hastening to Washington he offered his services to the government and was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers GE.VERAL OFFICERS. 041 May 17, 1861, and at the ori^aiiization of the Army of the Potomac after the battle uf Bull Run was placed in command of a briirade and soon afterward of a division. With this he uuarded the lower Potomac during- the winter following-, and in the si)ring of 1862 toolc the field at the head of the Second Division, Third Corps. With this division he fought the desperate battle of Williamsburg almost unsupported, and in recognition of his gallantry was com- missioned major general of volunteers from that date. He fought with his division during the Peninsular Campaign and at the second Bull Run, after which he was placed in command of the First Corps of the Army of the Potomac under (Jcueral McClellan. With this corps he opened the battle of the Antietam with his accustomed inipetnosity, but was himself wounded and liis command was routed. Rejoining the army November 10, he commanded the Fifth Army Corps and latiM- the center grand division, composed of the Fifth and Third ('orps. This was his command at the battle of Frederieks- •bnrg, but his troops being used principally in reserve and in support of other divisions his personal part in that battle was not marked. On the 26th of January, 1863, lie succeeded General Burnside in command of the Army of the Potomac, fought the battle of Chan- cellorsville. May 1-6, and engaged in the strategic movement north- ward a month later, during which he displayed a very masterly gen- eralship in protecting the national ca|)ital from the Confederate army, for which he received the following winter the thanks of Con- gress. Owing to some misunderstanding with tlie authorities at Washington, he resigned the coiiiiuand of the army June 28, and was on waiting orders till Se{)teniber 24. when he was placed in command of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps and transferred to the Department of the Cumberland. There he was engaged in the various actions about Chattanooga, fighting the remarkable l)attle of Lookout Mountain, November 24, and taking part in the subse- quent engagements in the vicinity. General Hooker bore a faithful and gallant part in all the battles and actions of the following year until the 30th of July, 1864, when the siege of Atlanta was in progress. At that time the death of General McPherson, who had succeeded General Thomas in command of the Army of the Cum- berland, created a vacancy to which Hooker felt that he was entitled, and on General Howard being a|)i)ointed he asked to be re- lieved from the command of his corps. The request was granted 942 MASSACHirSETTS IN THE WAR. and he was placed on waiting- orders till September ::8, when he was given command of the Northern Department, with head-quarters at Cincinnati, where he remained till the close of the war, being sub- sequently in command of the Department of the East, with head- quarters at New York, till the 1st of September, 1866, when he was mustered out of the volunteer service. He had been commissioned brigadier general in the Regular Army September 20, 1862, and brevet major general March 13, 1865, "for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Chattanooga," and died at Garden City, L. I., October 31, 1879, having been on the retired list from 1868. Brevet Brig-adier General Timothy Ingraham Of New Bedford was among the first to e^Jter and the last to leave the service of the national government in the volunteer ranks. Though 50 years of age when the rebellion opened, he was elected and served as captain of Company L, Third Regiment, for the three- months' term. He was then commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Eighteenth Regiment, dating from July 26, 1861, holding that rank till August 18, 1862, when he was made colonel of the Thirty- eighth Regiment, of which he took command at Baltimore early in September. That regiment formed a part of the expedition to Louisiana under General Banks, and soon after going into camp at Carrollton Colonel Ingraham was assigned to the command of the Third Brigade and afterward to that of the First Brigade, Third Division, Nineteenth Corps. With that command he served during a part of the Teche campaign, in the spring of 1863, but his health proving unequal to active service in the field, he was transferred to Washington, D. C, where he served as provost marshal for more than two years from September, 1863, being retained by special order after the expiration of his term of service. He was mus- tered out on the 3d of October, 1865, his bi-evet dating from the day previous, and died at Boston Highlands February 26, 1876. Brevet Brig'adier Geuerul Horatio Jenkins, Jr., Of Chelsea served as a private in Company I, Fifth Regiment of Militia during its three-months' term from April 19, to July 31, 1861, and on the formation of the Fortieth Regiment the follow- GENERAL OFFICERS. ^m ing summer went into camp as (irst Tu'iitenant, Imt on the or«raniza- tion of the reirimcnt was commissioned captain, scrvinir with Com- pany H, his commission dating from the 12th of August. He was pro- moted to major from the 20th of April, 1864, and thenceforth was much of the time in command of the regiment. From the 2d of June following he was commissioned lieutenant colonel, vice Mar- shall killed in action, and on the 4th of Fel)ruarv, ISd"), was trans- ferred to the Fourth Cavalrv with the same rank. He was with Brevet Brig. Gen. Horatio Jenkins, Jr the detachment of that regiment which made so gallant a fight at High Uridge, Va., on the 6th of April, where he was wounded and was brevetted colonel for especial gallantry in that action. He was thereafter in command of the regiment to the close of its service, Colonel Washburn having been fatally wounded. Following the death of the latter, Lieutenant Colonel Jenkins was made colonel, to which rank he had already been advanced by brevet, his com- mission dating from April 23. His brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated from March 13, 1865. After the surnMidrr of Lee he remained in command of the Fouith Cavah-v, which gathered 944 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. at Richmond, Va., and in addition to his regular duties served on courts-martial and on a commission to examine otiticers from the volunteer service desirous of entering the regular army. He was mustered out with his regiment November 14, 1865. Brevet Brigadier General Thomas D. Johns Of Pennsylvania, and a graduate of West Point, was commissioned colonel of th'e Seventh Massachusetts Regiment February 22, 1863, holding the command till the close of the regiment's term and its muster out June 27, 1864, and being thus entitled to mention among the soldiers, of Massachusetts, though not a resident of the state. During the time that he held the commission he was generally in command of the regiment, the notable event in his career being at the capture of Marye's Hights, May 3, 1863, when he commanded one of the storming columns, composed of his own regiment and the Thirty-sixth New York. Colonel Johns was severely wounded while ascending the hill, but his command pressed on, and routed the enemy. His brevet rank dated from March 13, 1865. He died in New York in 1884. Brevet Brigadier General Edward F. Jones Of Pepperell was a valued officer of the Massachusetts militia long before the beginning of the civil war, and when that event occurred was colonel of the Sixth Regiment. The promptness with which he responded with his command when the lirst call was made for troops, and the story of the tragic march through Baltimore and the triumphant arrival at Washington brought the name of Colonel Jones and his organization prominently into history. Immediately after returning from (his first term of service Colonel Jones re- cruited the Tw^enty-sixth Regiment, a three-years' organization, which was largely the outgrowth of the Sixth, from which it drew most of its officers. Colonel Jones accompanied this regiment to Ship Island, where it remained till the operations against New Orleans in A])ril, 1862, when his command by penetrating the bayous and marshes and obtaining a position in the rear of Forts St. Philip and Jackson contributed materially to the fall of those strongholds. The Twenty -sixth Regiment formed the garrison for the forts for GENERAL OFFICERS. sonic weeks, Colonel Jones I)einu- in inunediiite command, but soon after the transfer of the reuiment to New Orleans he resigned his commission and returned to JMassachusetts. He received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers from March 13, 18G5. Major General Erasmus Dar^viii Keyes, Born in Brimlield in 1810, was appointed from Maine to the Military Academy at West Point, from which he graduated in 1832 and was commissioned in the Third United Slates Artillery, being located in Charleston (S. C.) liarl)or during the nuUilication troubles which continued durinu- the next vcar or two. He was an aide on the stall' Mai. Gen. \L I). Kkves. of General Scott for four years from 1837, and from that time till the outbreak of the rebellion his time was divitled between several lines of service, lie was instructor at West Point from 1844 till 1848, served on the frontier at various times, and was General Scott's military secretary during 18G0 and till after the firing on Fort Sumter. He was commissioned colonel of the Eleventh United States Infantry on the 14th of May, 18G1, three days later was made 946 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. brigadier general of volunteers, and was lor a time engaged at Bos- ton and New York in the raising, equipping and forwarding of troops. He returned to Washington early in July, however, and at the battle of Bull Run, July 21, was in command of the First Brigade, First Division of General McDowcirs army. His brigade fought valiantly till the general retreat obliged it to move from the field. In the organization of the Army of the Potomac for the campaign of 1862, General Keyes was made commander of the Fourth Corps, and was commissioned major general of volunteers from the 5th of May. He shared in the operations against York- town, and after the battle of Williamsburg led the advance up the Peninsula. It was upon his corps that the weight of the Confeder- ate attack fell at Fair Oaks or Seven Pines on the 31st of May, and for his gallant part in the battle he received the brevet of brigadier general in the United States Army. His corps having suffered severely, it was placed in reserve, and led the movement to the James river during the last days of June, one of its divisions being among the Union troops actively engaged at the battle of Malvern Hill. On the withdrawal of the Army of the Potomac to Alexan- dria, in co-operation with General Pope's campaign, in August, 1862, Couch's Division only went to the new field, Keyes with the re- mainder of the corps being left in command at Yorktown. He re- mained there till the following summer, directing various recon- naissances, some of them resulting in skirmishes and slight engage- ments, and in the temporary absence of General Dix he was in command of the Department of Virginia. From July, 1863, he was on the board for retiring army officers till the 6th of May, 1864, when he resigned his commissions and returned to civil life. Brevet Brigadier General John W. Kimball Of Fitchburg entered the service as major of the Fifteenth Regi- ment, taking an honorable part in the battle of Ball's Bluff, and serving in that capacity till the opening of the Peninsular campaign in the spring of 1862. Colonel Devens being then made brigadier general and Lieutenant Colonel Ward (absent from wounds) suc- ceeding to the colonelcy, Major Kimball became lieutenant colonel and took command of the regiment, leading it ably through the Pe- ninsular campaign, during the movement northward, in connection GENERAL OFFICERS. >M1 ^^■hh General Pope's campaign, and at the battle of Antietam, where the regiment sustained severe loss. November 12, l8»iL', he was commissioned colonel of the Fifty-third Regiment, and j()inin<' his new command at New York accompanied it to Louisiana, where ho well sustained his reputation, making the Fifty-third one of the most elVicient of the short-term regiments. After the fall of Port Hud- sou and the return of his command, Colonel Kimball was appointed sujierintendent of recruiting for Worcester county, with head- (juarters at Worcester, and in the spring of 18G4 was tendered the colonelcy of the Fifty -seventh Regiment, which he was compelled to decline on account of the state of his health, which had been im- j)aired by the exposure at Port Hudson, lie had also been proiYered the command of the Thirty-sixth Regiment during the summer of 1862, but the War Department then declined to release him from the command of the Fifteenth. After the close of the war he was for some years ])ension agent at Fitchburg, till that office was con- solidated with the one at Boston. His brevet rank dates from March 13, 1805. Brevet Brigadier General William S. King: Was })iominent in recruiting at Roxbury Company K of the Thirty- lit'th Regiment, of which he was commissioned captain dating from August 4, 1862. At Antietam he succeeded to the command of the regiment after the wounding of Lieutenant Colonel Carruth and was himself Avounded in seven places and borne from the field, but survived and rejoined the command as major on the 8th of April, 1863, He was soon after commissioned lieutenant colonel and served as chief of staff of the Second Division, Ninth Cor|)S, till July 1, when he was appointed Provost Marshal (leneral of Ken- tucky and in August military commandant of the District of Lex- ington. This position he held till early April, 1864, when he was recalled to Massachusetts as suj)erintendent of recruiting service, in which he was engaged till the formation of the Fourth Regiment of Heavy Artillery by the consolidation of 12 unattached companies which had been sent to the Washington defenses during .*^ei)tember, 1864, when on the 14th of November he was commissioned its colonel and served with it till mustered out June 17,1865. His brevet rank dated from March 13, 1865. General King died at Roxbury June 29, 1882. 948 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Brevet Brij^adier General Ralph W. Kirkhain, A native of Springfield, graduated at West Point in tlie class of 1842, being brevetted second lieutenant of the Second Infantry, and in February following receiving a commission as second lieutenant in the Sixth Infantry. He served as adjutant of that regiment dur- ing the war with Mexico, being brevetted first lieutenant and cap- tain for gallant conduct, and was wounded at the battle of Molino Del Rey. In the interval between the Mexican war and the rebel- lion he served at various posts as assistant adjutant general or Brevki- Bkig. Gen. K. W, Kjkkham. quartermaster, and in the spring of 1861 was stationed at Foit Walla Walla in Washington Territory with the rank of captain. He was chief quartermaster of the Department of the Pacific from August 31, 1861, to June 27, 1865, and of the Department of Cali- fornia from that time onward. He received the commission of major February 26, 1863, and from the 13th of March, 1865, brevets of lieutenant colonel, colonel and brigadier general "for faithful and meritorious servies in the quartermaster's department during the rebellion." He resigned his commission February 11, 1870. GENERAL OFFICERS. '.>4!> Brigadier General Frederick W. Lander Of Salem had been in the employ of the United States government some eight or nine years as an engineer at the l)i-ea!' Brevet Brig. Gen. Horace C, Lee. manded the regiment at the battles of Roanoke Island and Newbern and till July 4, 1862, when he took command of the brigade, lead- ing it in the Trenton, Tarboro and Goldsboro expeditions and win- ning praise for the able handling of his troops in repulsing General Clingman's attack, at the latter place. He was recommended by General Foster for promotion to the rank of brigadier, but the com- mission was not granted on account of the number already given to Massachusetts officers. On the departure of General Burnside he was appointed provost marsbal general of North Carolina and later of the Department of Virginia and North -Carolina, and acted in GENERAL OFFICERS. 953 that capacity till the office was abolished by Creneral Butler in Janu- ary, 1864. He then served upon connnissinns and courts-martial till the opening of the campaign in May iullowinii-, when he re- sumed command of his regiment, leading it at Walthal Junction, Arrowficld Ciiurch and Drewry's Bluff. In the latter engagement he was made prisoner, with a large portion of his command, and was confined at Libby Prison and at Macon, Ga. From the latter place he was removed June 10, and with many other Union ollicers placed under the fire of the F'cderal batteries at Charleston, S. C. Being exchanged on the 2d of August, 1864, he went north on a month's furlough, but returned to Fortress Monroe in time to inter- cept his regiment, then under orders for North Carolina, and pro- cured the return to Massachusetts of those whose time was about to cx|)irc. He was mustered out with them, September 27, 1864, and for meritorious service received a well-deserved brevet of bi-iga- dier general of volunteers, dating from March 13, 1865. He then served four years in the Boston Custom House and 12 yeai-s as postmaster of S|)ringfield, dying June 22, 1884, soon after vacat- ing the latter ottice. Brevet Brigadier General William Baymond Lee Of Roxbury was a student at the Military Academy at West Point, of the class of which Jefferson Davis was a member. He, however, left his military studies to become a civil engineer, and was later superintendent of the Boston and Providence Railroad. When the rebellion broke out his patriotism led him to tender his services to Governor Andrew in connection with the raising and sending forth of volunteers, tliough he was then 54 years of age. Assisted by an able corps of younger men. lie raised the Twentieth Massachusetts Regiment, of which he was commissioned colonel, dating from .July 1, 1861. Taking his command to Washington as soon as it was organized, he was assigned to duty on the Potomac near Poolesville •and with the larger part of his regiment shared in the disastrous battle of Ball's Bluff on the 21st of October, 1861, where he was made prisoner of war. While in captivity at Richmond he was selected with others to be held as a hostage for the lives of Con- federate privateers in the hands of the national governmf^nt, and during this time he was quartered in the common county prison at Richmond with his unfortunate fellow-hostages. Being exchanged 954 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the following spring, he rejoined his command before Yorktown, leading it gallantly at the battle of Fair Oaks. At the battle of Nelson's Farm or Glendale he was in command of three regiments of his brigade, and while holding an advanced position he received severe injuries by a horse falling upon him. Returning to Massa- chusetts to recover from his accident, he was during the early part of August in command of Camp Briggs at Pittsfield where the Thirty-seventh Regiment was beginning to gather; but he was again in the lield at the head of his regiment in time for the Antie- tam campaign, and commanded the Twentieth in its unfortunate experience during the battle of the 17th of September, 1862. It soon became evident that Colonel Lee was physically incapable of enduring the exposures of active campaigning, after the hardships through which he had already passed, and on the 17th of December, 1862, after another period of absence from his regiment, he reluct- antly resigned his commission and was not again actively engaged in military duties. Witl> many others, he received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dating from the 13th of March, 1865. Brevet Brigadier General William S. Lincoln Of "Worcester became lieutenant colonel of the Thirty-fourth Mas- sachusetts Regiment at its organization in the summer of 1862, being in command of Camp John E. Wool during the gathering of the recruits for the Thirty-fourth and other regiments. After reaching Washington he was much of the time in command of the regiment, owing to the assignment of Colonel Wells to other duties, and during the stay near Harper's Ferry was at times in command of a brigade. At the disastrous battle of New Market he was severely wounded and made a prisoner. Being taken to Harrison- burg, after passing some time in the hospital there Colonel Lincoln with a single companion managed to escape one night when he was about to be sent further south, and after great suffering and a variety of adventures finally reached the Union lines at Cumber- land. Returning to Massachusetts he gradually recovered and late in November returned to the army near Winchester, though with wounds s^ill unhealed, having been promoted to colonel vice Wells, killed in action. Being unfitted for active duty in the field, Colonel Lincoln was assigned to detached duty at Cumberland, where he GENERAL OFFICERS. 9r,r> remahu'd throuuh the winter and early spring, rejoining Ids regi- ment near Richmond after the surrender ol" Lee. He was then as- signed to the command of the brigade — First Brigade, Independent Brevet Buio. Gen. William S. Lincdln. Division, Twenty-fonrth Cor{)S — which lie lield till June lo, 1865, when he returned to the command of the regiment, and accom- panied it to Massachusetts for muster out, his brevet as brigadier general dating from June 23 of that year. He died at Worcester, November 8, 1889, aged 78. Brevet 3Iajor General Charles (i. Loring^ Of Ijoston was nominated by (lovernor Andrew for a commission on the staff of General Burnside, then organizing the North Caro- lina Expedition. Reporting at Annapolis in December, 18*51, he was assigned to duty as quartermaster, with the rank of cajitain; and when Burnside's fleet was shattered by the storm at Hatteras Inlet, he was dispatched to New York to charter a steamship and load it with naval supplies of all kinds. On the taking of Newliern he was i)laced in charge of transfujrtation by sea and all naval re- 956 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. pairs, and later in charge of the railroads of the department. On the organization of the Ninth Corps, in July, 1862, he was made assistant inspector general with the rank of lieutenant colonel, but owing to illness could not join the corps in the field till September. When General Burnside succeeded McClellan in command of the Army of the Potomac, Colonel Loring was assigned to duty at head-quarters, serving there during the Fredericksburg campaign and for some weeks under General Hooker. He was then at Gen- eral Burnside's request transferred to staff duty with the latter at head-quarters ^Department of the Ohio. In May, 1863, Loring was sent by Burnside to General Eosecrans at Murfreesboro with verbal instructions (communication being too hazardous to intrust any. thing of importance to pa])er) to arrange for a joint advance upon Knoxville and East Tennessee. Rosecrans conferred with General Thomas, indorsed a plan suggested by the latter, and the advance was planned ; but on the day after Burnside took the field to carry it out the Ninth Corps was ordered to the assistance of Grant at Vicksburg. Later in the season Burnside entered Knoxville, where he was besieged by the Confederate General Longstreet, and during the siege it was Loring's duty twice a day to make a tour of the lines to observe the movements and purpose of the enemy. During the campaign of 1864 he continued on Burnside's staff, and at the Battle of the Crater, July 30, volunteered to accompany the leading division into the demolished Confederate works. After the retire- ment of Burnside, Colonel Loring served on the staff of General Park till the close of the war. He was brevetted colonel August 1, 1864, "-for gallant and meritorious conduct at the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Bethesda Church and during the operations before Petersburg, Va.," brigadier general of the same date "for the campaign in East Tennessee and at the siege of Knox- ville," and major general July 17,1865, for general service, though the recommendation of his commander was for the affair of the Mine. Brigadier General Charles Russell Lowell, Jr., Of Boston, was engaged in the management of iron-works at Cum berland, Md., when the Sixth Massachusetts were assaulted at Balti- more. Hastening at once to that city and finding railroad com- munication cut off, Mr. Lowell made his way on foot to Washington GENERAL OFFICE US. «»:,T where he applied for a commission of the lowest r;iuk in tlic rcirulai- artillery, awaiting which he busied iiinisclf in the interests of Mas- sachusetts troops and in assisting- the national govci-nnicnt in other ways. I'.istead of the position for which he iiad applied, he was offered and accepted a caj)taincy in the Sixth United States Cavalry, devoting himself enthusiastically to that arm of the service. In tliis capacity he served through the Peninsuhir cam|)aign with distinc- tion, and after the battle of Malvein Hill Ijecamc a member of Gen- eral McClellan's staff. At the battle of the Antietam he displayed great gallantry in checking the retreat of General Sedgwick's Divis- ion at a critical moment, in recognition of which he was detailed by McClellan to convey to President Lincoln at Washington the 39 battle flags captured from the Confederates during the battle. In November following he was returned to Massachusetts to recruit and organize the Second Regiment of Cavalry, with which he re- ported at Washington in May, 18<33, and with head-ipiarters at Vienna was put in command of the cavalry of the department. For more than a year he hold this responsil)le command, jx'iietrating all the surrounding country and not only protecting the Union lines from the annoyance of guerrilla bands, but driving the latter from their chosen haunts. When in the summer of 18(»4 General Early abandoned his threatening movement against Washington and started in retreat, Colonel Lowell with the Second hung upon his rear tdl the Confederates undertook with a strong force to crush the persistent regiment. At Rockville a sharp engagement came off, the head of Lowell's coliunn being thrown into confusion; but the command was halted and dismounted and repelled several de- termined charges of the enemy in vastly superior numbers. When Sheridan took command of the department Colonel Lowell was given a brigade comjjosed of his own regiment and the dismounted cavalry of the dej)artnient gathered in temporary organization, with which he took an active part in all the subsecpient operations in and about the Shenandoah VaUey. On the :26th of August Colonel Lowell so distinguished himself in an attack u|)on the Confederate infantry out})Osts that with his regiment he was transferred to the Reserve Brigade of cavalry and artillery, consisting mostly of United States Regulars, of which he took command. With this brigade he did noble service at the Ijattle of the 0|)e(pian, Septem- ber 19, making near the close of the fight a magnillceut charge with mS MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. some 600 of his command upon an intrenched infantry line of the enemy, routing them in confusion and capturing two pieces of artil- lery. In the brilliant cavalry fight of the 9th of October, in which the enemy was defeated and driven 20 miles, from Woodstock to Mount Jackson, Lowell led the advance of General Merritt's Divis- ion against the Confederate force commanded by Lomax, winaing victory almost without loss, the engagement being familiarly known as "The Woodstock Races." At the opening of the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19,1864, Lowell's Brigade was posted on the Union right, which position it held till relieved by infantry, when it was moved to the extreme left, a half-mile or so to the north of Middle- town. Here dismounting his men and gaining the cover of a stone- wall, Lowell checked the victorious advance of the enemy and re- pulsed several determined efforts to drive his little band from its position. In three determined charges he led his men against the Confederates, having his horse shot under him during the third, — the 13th horse thus lost during the campaign of three months. At the same time he received a severe contusion from a spent ball^ causing dangerous internal hemorrhage and the loss of his voice: yet he refused to leave the field, saying he wished to lead in the final charge, and when it was ordered at 3 o'clock ho was lifted to his horse and rode to the front. His determined troopers cheered their dying chief and obeyed his whispered commands as though his voice still rang over the field ; but as the line swept forward he was again struck down with a bullet through the chest. He still desired to be and was carried forward till assured that victory was won, when he was taken to Middletown, where he died the following morning in his 30th year. It is no disparagement of others to say that Massachusetts sent to the front no more brilliant and worthy officer than Colonel Lowell. His commission as brigadier general was signed at Washington on the day that his mortal wound was received, and was on the way to camp when he died. His star was bravely won, though never worn. Brevet Brigradier General Luke Lyman Of Northampton entered the Twenty-seventh Massachusetts Regi- ment as lieutenant colonel at the time of its formation, being 37 years of age. He had for many years been identified with the GENERAL OFFICERS. 0">() Northainptcm Artillery Company, a militia infantry orjranization of hiuh rank, of which he had been connnander. At the outbreak of the war he became by request military instructor at Amherst Col- lege, rendering valuable servii-(> and infusing the students with mili- tary zeal. During his service witli the regiment he was nuich of the time its commanding oflicer, Colonel Lee l)eing acting brigadier, and led it through the Tarboro, Goldsboro, (Jum Swamp and Wise Forks ex})criences, and was with it at the siege of Little NVashiug- Brevet IJkig. Gen. Lukr Lyman. ton,N. C. There he was for some months in command of the post ; a responsible position, as he had not only the military sujjcrvision but as well was charged with the promotion of legitimate trade and suppression of the illicit traflic with the rebel population which many on both sides of the lines attempted to conduct on account of the great profits accompanying success. He resigned on th§ 27th of May, 1863, and received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers from the 13th of March, 18G5. General Lyman was a worthy olticer, pojjular with all classes, from the private soldier 960 ifASSACIIUSErrS IN THE WAR. of his regiment to the governor of the state, who at his resignation expressed the belief that '' it would be a great loss to the regiment to lose so able and faithful an officer." He died at Montreal, November 12, 1889. Brevet Majttr General Gfeorg-e K. Macy Of Nantucket went to the front as first lieutenant of Company I, Twentieth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, his commission dating from the 10th of July, 1861, and after the battle of Ball's Bluff he was advanced to a captaincy, being commissioned Novem- ber 8. Serving continuously with his regiment, he was jM-omoted to major December 18, 18(32, and to lieutenant colonel May 1 fol- lowing. At the battle of Gettysburg he was severely wounded, necessitating the amputation of a hand, and on the death of Colonel Revere, July 5, he was commissioned colonel. Returning to the regiment about the middle of October ensuing, he commanded it, save when temporarily absent, till the battle of the Wilderness. In that engagement, on the 6th of May, he was wounded in the leg, and did not again return to the Twentieth. On recovering he was placed in command of the provost guard at head-quarters of the Army of the Potomac, whei'e he served till the close of the war, being mustered out July 27, 1865, with the brevet of major general of volunteers from March 13 of that year. He died at his home in Boston, February 13, 1875, from an accidentally self-infHcted pistol- shot wound. Brevet Major General Randolph B. Marcy? Born in the town of Greenwich in 1812, graduated at the Military Academy at West Point in the class of 1832, and received the bre- vet of second lieutenant of the Fifth Infantry. He attained by regular promotion the rank of captain May 18, 1846, and served as such in the Mexican war. lie also saw some service in the Seminole war in Florida. He was promoted to major and paymaster August 22, 1859, and on the 9th of August, 1861, to colcnel and inspector general in chief of the United States Army, which position ho lield during the entire rebellion. He served in this capacity on the staff of General McClcllan till the latter was relieved from command in the autunm of 1862, and was in all the battles Avliere McClcllan commanded. He was twice during the war commissioned brigadier GENERAL OFFICERS. -Hil general of volunteers — September 28, 18<)1, and September 13, 18G2, — but in eaeh case the eonmiission expired with the adjourn- ment of the congressional session. At the close of the war he re- ceived the brevet rank of brigadier general and also of major gen- eral in the regular line, datinti' from March 18, iSd."), and continuin"- in the inspection department of the army was on the I'Jth of De- cember, 1878, commissioned brigadier general. He was retired on the 2d of January, 1881, at his own reipiest after more than 42 years' service, and died at his home in Orange, X. J., on the 22d of November, 1887. Brevet Brigadier General Napoleon B. McLaughlen Was a native of A'crmont, entering the United States Army from New York May 27, 1850, as private in Comi)any F, Second Dra- goons, and rising by regular promotion through the various non- commissioned grades was on the 27th of March, iStJl, commissioned second lieutenant in the First United States Cavalry; first lieuten- ant of the Fourth Cavalry on the 3d of May following, and captain on the 17th of July, 18<)2. At the request of Governor Andrew he was made colonel of the First Massachusetts Volunteers from the 1st of October following, and ably connnanded that regiment during the remainder of its service, till the muster out. May 28, 1864. He received brevets in the regular line "for gallant and meritorious services" at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, where his regiment did noble work. After a brief respite from the volunteer service he was again commissioned colonel of a Massachusetts regi- ment — this time the Fifty seventh — with rank dating from Decem- l)er, 1862. This made him senior colonel of the lu'igade to which tlie Fifty-seventh was attached — First Brigade, First Division, Ninth Army Corps — and on rei)orting for duty, September 14, 1864, he took command of the brigade, succeeding General W. F. Bartlett who had l)cen taken prisoner at the ill-starred l)attle of the Crater, some weeks before. He was brevetted brigadier general of volun- teers from September 30, 1864, the date of the battle of Pdplar Grove Church, in which his command took a {jrominent part, and colonel and brigadier general of the regular ai-my from the 13th nf March, 1865; the former rank for gallant services during the attack on Fort Stedman, March 25 of that year, and the second for like services in the field during the war. In the Fort Stedman affair, DoJ MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. after repulsing the Confederates to the right of the fort with his brigade, he entered the fort, not knowing that it had been tempora- rily captured by the enemy's bold dash, and was himself made prisoner; but his term of confinement was short owing to the speedy termination of the war. Returning to his captaincy in the regular line, he was made major of the Tenth Cavalry May 17, 1876, and was retired as such on the 26th of June, 1882, at his own request, having faithfully served his government for more than 32 years. He died of apoplexy at his home in New York City on the 28th of January, 1887, in the 65th year of his age, and his remains were buried at Worcester, N. Y. Major General Nelson A. Miles Of Roxbury began his brilliant military career as first lieutenant of Company E, Twenty-second Massachusetts Regiment, with commis- sion dated October 1, 1861. Soon after reaching Washington with the regiment, he secured an appointment on the staff of General Casey, which he retained from the 7th of November till the close of March, 1862. He was then commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Sixty-first New York Regiment, being promoted on the 30th of September following to colonel. At the battle of Chancellors- ville, in command of his regiment, he rendered valuable service in preventing a flank movement of the enemy by way of Mott Run, and while gallantly fighting his command was shot through the body. Recovering, he entered the campaign of 1864 in command of the First Brigade, First Division, Second Corps, of which his regiment formed a part, fighting valiantly at Spottsylvania and re- ceiving in recognition the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers from that date — May 12, 1864. In the subsequent operations of the Army of the Potomac his brigade was ever at the front, and soon after the investment of Petersburg he was promoted to the command of the division. This he held to the close of the war, handling it everywhere in the most gallant manner. He received the brevet of major general of volunteers August 25, 1864, and was commissioned full major general of volunteers on the 21st of October, 1865., remaining in the volunteer service until the 1st of September, 1866 ; he was then mustered out, and a few days later vi'ns commii-sioned colonel of the Fortieth United States Regulars. GENERAL OFFICERS. Ofti He was subsequently transferred to the Fifth Rccfimcnt, and on the 14th of December, 1880, was promoted to brifradicr . R. Si-rague. at once with the organization of the Twenty -fifth Regiment, he was commissioned its lieutenant colonel on the 9th of September, and at his request a dozen of those who had served with him in the battalion were given commissions in the Twenty-fifth. With this regiment he served till November 11, 18(32, participating in its bat- tles and skirmishes and was ollicially reported for "bravery and efficiency" in the engagements at Roanoke Island and Newbern. He was then commissioned colonel of the Fifty-first Massachusetts, and by special request of General Foster, commanding the depart- !)82 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. ment, Colonel Sprague with his new command returned to the North Carolina field. General Lee having moved north from Richmond, Colonel Sprague's regiment, with others, left Newbern June 24, 1863, for Fortress Monroe, went to White House on the Pamunkey and thence back to Fortress Monroe for transportation to Massachu- setts, its term of service having expired. But on learning that General Lee's army was north of the Potomac, Colonel Sprague at once offered his regiment for further duty, serving from the 1st to the 17th of July at Baltimore, Maryland Hights, and with the Army of the Potomac. Within a month of the muster out of the Fifty- first Regiment, Colonel Sprague was requested by Governor Andrew to raise and command the Fifty-seventh Regiment, but family sick- ness prevented his acceptance of the offer. On the 1st of February, 1804, he was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Second Massa- chusetts Heavy Artillery Regiment, serving in Virginia and North Carolina, commanding the regiment in its field service in the spring of 1865, and was discharged with it at Gallop's Island September 20, 1865, previous to which he was commissioned by Governor An- drew colonel of the regiment. He served three years and nine months, and Congress gave him the brevet rank of brigadier general of volunteers, dating from March 13, 1865, " for gallant and meri- torious service durins; the war." Brevet Brigadier General Lntlier Stephenson, Jr., Of Hingham was identified with the state militia previous to the war and accompanied the Fourth Regiment during its three-months' ser- vice as captain of Company I. While on this service he made the first reconnaissance of the war in command of two companies, pre- vious to the battle of Big Bethel. He also served on the first court- martial convened in the volunteer service. Being mustered out July 22, 1861, he soon set about the organization of a company for a longer term of service, and on the 14th of November was mustered as captain of Company A, First Battalion of j\Iassachusetts Infantry, his command becoming part of the garrison at Fort Warren. When the battalion was developed into the Thirty-second Regiment, Cap- tain Stephenson became major, dating from August 13, 1862, and on the 29th of December he was |)romoted to lieutenant colonel. During the early history of his regiment he often commanded it, as GENERAL OFFICERS. 9a3 he did throusrh the caini)aigu under (ieueral Pope and the Chanccl- lorsville campaign; alter which, with the left wing of the regiment he for some time guarded the hridgc at Potomac Creek. At Gettys- burg, while in temporary command of the regiment, he was badly wounded by being shot 1h rough the face, fie was on duty again in I ^■■ -^ Brevet Bkig. Gbn. Luthbr Stephenson, Tr. time for the 1864 campaign, and commanded the regiment from the opening of the battles before Spottsylvania to Petersburg, when having been twice slightly wounded and being troubled by his former wounds, he resigned on the 28th of June, 1864. He received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers "for bravery and meri- torious conduct in the camj)aign against Richmond, Va.," dating from March 13, 1865. Brevet Briaradier General Hazard Steveus, The son of Major General Isaac 1. Stevens, was born in Rhode Island, and at the age of 12 accompanied his father on an expedition from the Pacific coast to the ^lissouri river for the making of treaties and exploration of the wilderness, the journey lasting some nine months and covering over 2,000 miles of horseback travel. On one occa- 984 MASSACHUSETTS IN TEE WAR. sion, sent on an emergency with dispatches to the Blackfeet Indians, accompanied only by an Indian guide, the youth traveled 150 miles in 30^ hours and successfully executed his mission. After three years of similar exciting experiences, he returned East and studied at Chauncy Hall School in Boston, entering Harvard College in 1860. Leaving his Looks, he enlisted September 6, 1861, in the Sixty-ninth New York Regiment, then serving near Washington, of which his father had been commissioned colonel, and on the 19th Brevet Brig. Gen. Hazard Stevens. was made adjutant. A month later ho was promoted to captain and assistant adjutant general of volunteers, particijiating in the Hilton Head expedition and the subse(i[uent operations on the South Carolina coast. As assistant adjutant general of the First Division, Ninth Corps, he made the campaign under General Pope Ihe following summer, and at the battle of Chantilly, where his honored falher was killed, he was twice severely wounded. Recovering in time to share in the Fredericksburg battle on the staff of General Getty, he also participated in the siege of Suffolk, Ya., the following spring, GENERAL OFFICERS. 085 winning especial commendation. After a futile attempt to raise a regiment of loyal Yiruinians, he returned to duty on the staff of General Getty, commanding the Second Division, Sixth Coi'ps, where he served through the Wilderness campaign and till the close of the war, participating in all the remarkable experiences of that organi- zation, lie was brcvetted lieutenant colonel, colonel and brigadier general of volunteers for gallant services in the campaign from the Wilderness to Petcrsl)urg, in the battles in the Shenandoah Valley, and at the capture of Petersburg respectively, the latter dating from April 2, 1865. Major General Isaac lujjalls Stevens, A native of North Andover and appointed from Massachusetts to the Military Academy, graduated July 1, 1839, at the head of his Maj. Gen. Isaac I. Stevens. class, and was commissioned second lieutenant of Engineers. He was engaged in various engineering duties on the New England coast previous to the Mexican war, in which he took an honorable part, being severely wounded in the capture of the city of Mexico 986 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. and receiving the brevets of captain and major — his actual rank at the time being first lieutenant. He was engaged in various duties in New England, Georgia and at Washington till March 16, 1853, when he resigned from the army, being appointed governor of Wash- ington Territory and commissioner of Indian affairs, serving as such with much distinction from 1853 to 1857, and then for four years was delegate from that territory to the United States House of Rep- resentatives. At the outbreak of the rebellion he patriotically offered his sword in the cause of his country, and on the 10th of August assumed command of the Seventy-ninth New York Regiment, whose first colonel had been killed at Bull Run. On the 28th of September he was commissioned brigadier general of vokmteers, and com- manded a brigade in the Port Royal expedition which sailed in Octo- ber. He rendered valuable service in the Department of the South, being in command of the Union troops engaged at Port Royal Ferry, S. C, on the 1st of January, 1862, and later of a division in the same department, taking part in the actions of Stono River and Secessionville, in June of the same year. He was commissioned major general of volunteers July 4, 1862, and in command of his division was transferred to Newport News, where he joined the Ninth Corps under General Reno, his troops composing the First Division. He shared actively in the campaign under General Pope, fighting gallantly at the battle of Manassas or the Second Bull Run, where his horse was killed under him. He withdrew his division from that disastrous field in perfect order, though with a loss of nearly half his command. The day following the battle he was placed in command of the rear guard of the army and took post between Bull Run and Centerville. On the 1st of September, hearing that a force of the enemy was threatening the flank of the army and the only route of retreat, he marched in that direction with his own division, closely followed by Reno's of the same corps, when he suddenly encountered the Confederate skirmishers. His own skirmish line was at once thrown forward, driving back that of the enemy and locating the position of their main force behind a rail fence in the edge of a thick wood.' General Stevens at once formed his division in column of assault and moved forward to the attack. Half the distance had been made when a terrible fire from the foe staggered the leading regiments. The general sprang for- ward on foot, grasped the flag of the Seventy-ninth New York Rcgi- GENERAL OFFICERS. 987 ment, whose color sergeant was wounded, and liinisclf led the charge. His linos went forward hravely, threw down the obsti'uc- tion and routed the foe temporarily at that point ; hut as the fatal fence was reached, General Stevens was struck in the temple by a l)ullot and fell dead, still grasping the colors of his former regiment. Thus nobly died at the age of 44, while his country sadly needed his services, one of her bravest and ablest soldiers. Brevet Brigadier General Robert II. Stevenson Of Boston was the first major of the Twenty-fourth Massachusetts Regiment, being commissioned September 2, 1861, and was ])ro- moted lieutenant colonel December 28, 1862, having been wounded at the battle of Newbern, N. C, March 14, 1862. His duty was such as naturally pertained to his command in the regiment till the 0th of July, 1863, when he was left in command of a detachment of four companies of the regiment on Seabrook Island, where they per- formed very severe and exhausting duty till the 21st, when they re- joined the regiment on Morris Island. Lieutenant Colonel Steven- son was then detailed on duty connected with the raising of troops by draft and otherwise, after which he returned to the regiment and served with it till the 31st of May, 1864, when he resigned his commission. He received the brevet of brigadier general of volun- teers from March 13, 1866. Brigadier General Thomas G. Stevenson Of Boston was in the winter of 1860-61 orderly sergeant of the Now England (iuards, a favorite militia company of Boston. Another company being formed to constitute a battalion under that name he was chosen captain of one company, and while the command was serving as garrison for Fort Indei)endence in Boston Harbor he was promoted major. The battalion being developed into the Twenty- fourth Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers late in the summer of 1861, he was commissioned colonel and took his regiment to North Carolina as a portion of the Burnside expedition. A few weeks after the battle of Newbern, in which he won commendation for his soldierly qualities. Colonel Stevenson was assigned to the command of a brigade in General Foster's division, which he ably held during 988 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. the remainder of the year, being commissioned brigadier general of volunteers December 26, 1862. He accompanied General Foster to South Carolina in January following, and commanded a brigade in the operations of 1863 against Charleston. He occupied Seabrook Island from the 28th of March to the 9th of July, when his troops were transferred to Morris Island. In April, 1864, he was relieved from duty with the Tenth Corps and reported to General Burnside at Annapolis, Ayhere he was placed in command of the First Divis- ion of the Ninth Corps. lie fought his division bravely at the bat- Brig. Gen. T. G. Stevenson. tie of the Wilderness, May 6, wlu^n it was under the direction of General Hancock, commanding the Union left, and moved with it to Spottsylvania. On the morning of the 10th of May his division was directed to make a reconnaissance from the Union left toward the Court House, which was most gallantly done, the lines of the Ninth Corps being established close to those of the Confederates on the Fredericksburg road ; but in doing so General Stevenson was killed by a musket shot. In his death an exceptionally brave, high-minded and capable officer was lost to the service. He was buried at Mount Auburn cemetery. GESERAL OFFICERS. 989 Brigadier Genoral Charles P. Stone Was born at Greenlield and educated at tlie academies of Western Massachusetts, entering West Point in Isll and irraduating in due course. He remained tliei-e as aetinti: assistant professor of ethics till the Mexican war, in which he took part, receiving the brevets of first lieutenant and captain for gallant conduct at Molina del Rev and Chapultepec. From 1851 to 1856 he served on the Pacific coast as chief of ordnance, when he resigned but remained on the Pacific shore till 18G0. lie then came east and offered his services to the national government in February of the following yeai-, apprehend- ing the a])proaching outbreak. He Avas made captain in the regular army, organized and diilled the District of Columbia militia, dis- playing such ability that he was commissioned colonel of the Four- teenth United States Infantry dating from May 14, 18i>l, and three days later was made brigadier general. He commanded a brigade under General Banks till the 11th of August, when with six regi- ments, a battery of light artillery and a eom[)any of cavalry he was ordered to watch the Potomac from Great Falls to Point of Rocks, with head-quarters at Poolesville. It was a part of this force, or "Corps of Observation," as it was known, which fought the disas- trous battle of Ball's Bluff. He was arrested by order of the secre- tary of Avar on the 9th of February, 1862, and confined at Fort Lafayette, New York, till the following August, when without any explanation being given for his long and unjust confinement he was released. This great wrong to a brave and |)atriotic olficer was never explained to him or the public. No charges were ever pre- ferred against General Stone, nor was any attention given to his repeated demands for explanation and trial. He was not assigned to duty till the 9th of M;iv, 1863, when he was ordered to report to General Banks, commanding the De!»artment of the (Julf, where he served through the siege of Port Hudson, being later made chief of staff to General Banks and acting in that capacity till his com- mander was relieved after the Red River campaign, when he resigned, dating from the 4th of Ajjril, 1864. In 1869 he became chief of staff to the Khedive of Egypt, and served brilliantly as such for 13 years, making a wonderful metamorphosis of the array of that coun- try, of which he was virtually commander. Returning then to his own country he lived near or at New York till his death in January, 1887, at the age of 64, his remains being buried at West Point. 990 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Major General George C. Strong Was a graduate of West Point Military Academy in the class of 1867, having been appointed from Western Massachusetts, and was the author of " Cadet Life at West Point." At the opening of the war he was first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department of the United States Army. He served on the staff of General McDowell at Bull Run and of General Fremont late in the summer, and in September, 1861, was invited by General B. F. Butler, to become his chief of staff and assistant adjutant general, with the rank of major. This position he held till the spring of 1863, accompany- ing. General Butler to New Orleans, and with him returning to New York after the Department of the Gulf was turned over to General Banks. While in that department Major Strong commanded two expeditions into the interior with much success ; in one to Poncha- toula. La., September 15, 1862, he captured the head-quarters of the Confederate General Jeff Thompson, including his sword and spurs, the former presented to him by friends in Memphis. On the recom- mendation of General Butler, Strong was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers from November 29, 1862. Although broken in health, he found inaction unbearable, and applied for active duty, being assigned to command a brigade under General Gilmore in the operations against Charleston. Landing with his brigade on Morris Island July 10, he led a charge against Fort Wagner next morning, which was repulsed. In the desperate attack of the 18th the post of honor was again given to his brigade, and again he was found leading his troops gallantly to almost certain death. At the para- pet of the hostile works he received a severe wound in the thigh, was carried to the rear and sent to New York ; but his enfeebled condition proved fatal and on the 30th he died from lockjaw, and was buried in Greenwood Cemetery. Shortly before his death he was nominated by President Lincoln as major general of volunteers, dat- ing from July 18, 1863, in recognition of his heroism at Wagner. Major General Edwin Vose Sumner, Born in 1797 at Boston and educated at the Milton Academy, entered the United States Army as second lieutenant of infantry at the age of 22. He served in the Black Hawk war in 1832 and was commissioned captain of dragoons the following year, serving on the frontier with GENERAL OFFICERS. 091 distinction till 1838, lie was then made instructor in the cavalry school at Carlisle, Pa., but returned to active service in the Mexican war with the rank of major, and won much distinction as a cavalry commander. He was governor of the Territory of New Mexico from 1851 to 1853, and later was engaged in Indian warfare, and was on duty in Kansas during the troubles of 1858. In March, 1861, having been promoted to brigadier general in the regular army, he Avas sent to relieve General Albert Sydnev Johnston in command of the De- \ Maj. Gen. Edwin V. Sumnur partment of the Pacific; but the opening of the war of the rebellion called for his return, and he was summoned to a more active field. During the winter of 1861-2 he was placed in command of a division of troops in the defenses of Washington, and in the organi- zation of the Army of the Potomac for the campaign of 1862 he was made commander of the Second Corps of three divisions. With two of his divisions he made a reconnaissance into Virginia in March, pressing the enemy back across the Rappahannock river. One division of his corps accompanied General McClellan to the Peninsula, and when early in April Sumner followed with the other 992 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. divisions, he was given the command of the left wing of the army operating against Yorktown, comprising his own corps and the Fourth. When Yorktown was evacuated he commanded the troops which followed the retiring Confederates and fought the sanguinary battle of Williamsburg. His opportune arrival at the head of two divisions upon the battle-field of Fair Oaks in the afternoon of the 31st of May turned the tide of battle in favor of the Union arms; and he was in command at the actions at Peach Orchard, Savage Station and Glendale, and a portion of his troops were engaged at Malvern Hill. His corps was moved to Centerville after the un- fortunate second battle of Bull Run, taking position between that place and Chantilly, but was not in action. On the advance of McClellan into Maryland General Sumner commanded the center of the army, compi-ising his own corps and the Twelfth under General Mansfield, and these organizations fought well and suffered terribly at Antietam. On the reorganization of the Army of the Potomac under General Burnside, Sumner commanded the right grand divis- ion, composed of the Second and Ninth Corps. With this he reached the Rappahannock opposite Fredericksburg on the 17th of Novem- ber, 1862, but as the ponton bridges for crossing the river had not arrived, and he was not allowed to ford the stream with his com- mand, there was no alternative but to wait — which he did for nearly four weeks before the preparations for the movement across the river were completed. His grand division was the one which led the crossing when the bridges were built on the 11th of December, and it bore the brunt of the ill-starred battle which ensued, suffer- ing a loss of 5,161. The valor displayed by officers and men was of the most heroic sort; but the result of the battle was so un- satisfactory and the feeling among prominent officers of the army so bitter that General Sumner asked to be relieved from his command. This was done by the President on the 25th of January, 1863, and on the 10th of March following he was assigned to command the Department of the Missouri, While on his way to his new post of duty he sickened, dying on the 21st of March, 1863, at Syracuse, N. Y,, at the age of 66. General Sumner received the rank of major general of volunteei's from July 4, 1862, and a brevet rank of the same grade in the regular army from May 31, 1862. He was twice wounded during the Seven Days' battles on the Peninsula, and again at Antietam, though not disabled. GESKHAL OFFWliliS. 993 Brevet Brifjradier (veiieral Syhauus Thayer, A native of Bniintree, graduated at Darlniouth College in 1807, entered the Military Academy at West Point the following year, being ajypointed from his native state, and 11 montlis later graduated third in his class, being commissioned second lieutenant in the Cor[)S of p]ngineers February 23, 1808. During the war of 1812 he was engaged in various capacities and in nearly all the different fields of operation, and for two years after the close of that war was in Europe studying the matter of fortiTications. From 1817 to 1833 he was superintendent of the Military Academy, and at the close of his term there was for more than 20 years engaged in works of great interest to his native state, being superintending engineer of the con- struction of Forts Warren, Independence and Winthrop in Boston Harbor. This duty continued till 1843, after which he was for nine years engaged on the sea walls of the same harbor. At the close of this work he received leave of absence on account of ill health, and did not again resume active duty. He held the commission of lieutenant colonel of engineers from July 7, 1838, till the 3d of May, 1863, when he v.as commissioned colonel, was on the 31st brevetted brigadier general United States Army for long and faith- ful service, and on the 1st of June was retired from the active list, "having been borne on the army register more than 45 years." General Thayer died at South Braintree September 7, 1872. Brevet Brigadier General William S. Tiltoii Of Boston was a member of a mercantile firm at the outbreak of the war, and at once rclin(iuished bright business })rospects to serve his country, entering the Twenty-second Massachusetts at its forma- tion in September, 1861. as first lieutenant and adjutant, for which position he had been well qualitied by membcrshij) of the Indepen- dent Cadets of Boston and by diligent study of military text-books. At the completion of the regiment's organization, October 4, he was commissioned major, and served with that rank till the battle of Gaines Mill, June 27, 1862, where he was wounded and taken prisoner. After six weeks in Libby Prison he was paroled and came home. Upon newspaper intelligence of his exchange he rejoined his regiment and marched in command of it to the l)attle of Antie- tam, commanding also at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville: at '. 0!)5 the number of brigadiers allowed by law IxMUir iill»Ml lio could not be commissioned, consequently serving during almost half of his three years as a brigade commander with the pay and rank of a colonel. His brevet of brigadier general of volunteers dated from the 9th of September, 1864, and Avas most honorably earned. In September, 1869, General Tilton was appointed superintendent of the Soldiers' Home at Togus, Me., which ])osition he filled with great credit till his resignation in 1882. He died at his home in Xewton- ville, March 23, 1889. _ _ Brevet Major General Zealous H. Tower Was born in Cohasset, ]\[ass., January 12, 1819. After a three- years' course of studies at the English High School in Boston he was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point Brevet Maj. Gkn. 2. B. Tower. in 1837, was graduated at the head of his class July 1, 1841, and commissioned second lieutenant. Corps of Engineers. His first year's service was at Washington, P. C, the second as assistant professor of engineering, and thence till the war with Mexico he was engaged in the construction of the defenses of Hampton Roads, 996 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAR. Va. In Mexico he served with much distinction, led General Riley's column of attack at Contreras, was wounded at the storming of Chapultepec, and with the commission of first lieutenant attained to the hrevet of major for gallant and meritorious services. Com- missioned captain July 1, 1855, he served till the opening of the rebellion in the construction of various harbor and sea-coast works, in travel abroad and on special duty in Washington. During the first year of the war, while stationed at Fort Pickens, Fla., he was promoted to major in the Corps of Engineers for his services as chief engineer of the defenses, received the brevet of lieutenant colonel, and dating from November 23, 1861, was commissioned brigadier general of volunteers. General Tower returned to Wash- ington in June, 1862, and was assigned to the command of the Second Brigade, Second Division, Third Corps, of the Army of Virginia under General Pope, and took part in the various engage- ments of the campaign which ended with the defeat of the Union arms at Manassas, August 30, 1862, where he was severely wounded. Owing to his wound he was absent on leave till June, 1864, and from July till September was superintendent of the Military Academy. From September 28, 1864, to June, 1865, he was chief engineer of the defenses at Nashville, serving on the staff of Gen- eral Thomas during the battle of December 15 and 16. At the same time he was acting as inspector general of fortifications of the Military Division of the Mississippi, and after the close of the war was a member of the Board of Engineers for Fortifications and Harbor and River Improvements from 1867 till 1880 when4ie was assigned as the president of the Board and served until January, 1883, the date of his retirement from active service. For gallant and meritorious services he received brevets of brigadier general and major general in the United States Army from March 13, 1865, and of major general of volunteers from the 12th of June, 1865. He was mustered out of the volunteer service January 15, 1866, and on the 13th of January, 1874, was commissioned colonel of engineers in the regular line. Brevet Major General Edward D. Towusend, U. S. A., Was born at Boston, received his education at the Latin School of that city and at Harvard College, being a])pointed to the Military Academy at West Point which he entered July 1, 1833. Graduat- GEN i: HAL OFFfCEIiS. 097 ing four years iule'r, lie was commissioned second lieutenant ol tlic Second United States Artillery ; and was appointed adjutant of the regiment in July, 1838, a position which he held for more than eight years with rank of first lieutenant. He was apjiointed hrevct ca{)tain and assistant adjutant general in August, 1840, and was ad- vanced to the full rank of cajjtain of artillery in April, 1848. He was promoted brevet major and assistant adjutant general in July, 1852. For some years j)revious fo the outbreak of the war he was on duty in California and in the adjutant generars oflice of the War Department. In April, 1861, the then adjuiant general resigned and went south, which promoted Colonel Loren/.o Thomas from chief of staff for General Scott to be adjutant general of the army, and Major Townsend, being commissioned lieutenant colonel, took the place on General Scott's staff, being next in rank. He was com- missioned full colonel in August of that year, and < n the retirement of General Scott in November repo)'ted for duty to General AIc- Clellan and was again ordered to the adjutant general's ollice as chief assistant. In the spring of 180-3 General Thomas was ordered on detached duty, placing Colonel Townsend in charge of the office. This extremely responsible position he held to the close of the war. and thereafter till General Thonuis was retired, when on the 22d of February, 1869, he was commissioned hi-igadier general and form- ally appointed to the ofhce he had so long lilled. He was retired on the 1 ')th of June, 1880, being over 62 years of age and having served his country continuously for almost 47 years. He received the bi-evet of brigadier general in the regular army September 24, 18()4, "for meritorious and faithful services during the war," and that of major general from March 13,1865, " for faithful, merito- rious and distinguished services in the adjutant general's depart- ment during the war." Brevet Major General Adin B. Uiulerwood, A graduate of Brown University and the Harvard Law School, was engaged in the practice of law in Boston at the outl)reak of the re- bellion. He at once gave his energies to the formation of the Second Regiment, in which he was commissioned captain and with which he served till July, 1862, when he was made major of the Thirty-third Regiment, then being organized, and went into service as its lieutenant colonel, being commissioned colonel A])ril 3, 1863. 998 MASSACHUSETTS IN THE WAB. He led the regiment bravely at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and under Hooker at Wauhatchie, where he was very severely wounded, so that his life was despaired of. For his gallantry in this action he was at the request of General Hooker commissioned brigadier general, and on recovering sufficiently was made president of a \ 1^ -rr, ^^^^^^^^V Brevet Maj. Gen. A. B. Underwood. military commission at Wasliington. Dating from the 13th of March, 1865, he was brevetted major general of volunteers, and on the 1st of September ensuing his resignation was accepted and he was appointed by the President surveyor in the Custom House at Boston, where he served for 21 years. He died at Boston, Janu- ary 14, 1888. Brevet Brigadier General Charles F. Walcott Of Boston was commissioned a captain in the Twenty-first Regiment on its organization, and served in that rank, much of the time dis- charging the duties of a field officer, from August 21, 1861, till April 23, 1863, when he resigned his commission. On the 16th of ^Iny, 1864, he was commissioned captain of the Twelfth Unat- GEN Eli AL O FEWER S. !»09 tached liit'antrv Company of Cainl)ridgc (00 days), serving in that capacity from the 16th day of May to the 15th of August, 1864. On the formation of the Sixty-first Regiment Captain Walcott was given its command, being commissioned lieutenant colonel Septem- ber 22, 1864, and leaving the state for duty on the Tth of October with the first battalion of five companies, lie was made colonel November and commanded the regiment till the close of the war with much ability. For gallant conduct at the storming of Peters- burg, April 2, 1865, he received the brevet of brigadier general of volunteers, dating from April 9. General "Walcott died suddenly June 12, 1887. _ __ Brevet Brigadier General Francis A. Walker Of North iJrookfield enlisted in the Fifteenth Regiment, Massachu- setts Volunteers, and was mustei-cd as sergeant major of the regi- Bkbvbt Brig. Gem Francis A. W..i.kbr. ment August 1, 1861. He went into the field in that capacity, being subsequently commissioned second lieutenant of Company K, but was never mustered to that rank. He was instead commissioned 1000 2IASSACUUSETTS IN THE WAR. captain and assistant adjutant general on the 14th of Septeml)er, 1861, and assigned to duty on (ho staff of General Darius N. Coucli, then commanding a brigade of the Army of the Potomac. He re- mained on General Couch's staff till the battle of Chancellorsville, when he was severely wounded, having been promoted major August 11, 1862, and lieutenant C(donel January 1, 1863. Returning to duty at Second Cor])s head-quarters in August, 1863, he served under Generals Warren and Hancock for about a year, being taken prisoner by the Confederates at the battle of Reams Station, August 25, 1864. On the 6th of October he was paroled from Libby Prison, being sick, and on the 12th of January, 1865, resigned his commis- sion on account of disabilities incurred in prison. Dating from the 13th of March following, he was brevetted colonel " for gallantry and good conduct during the campaign of 1864," and 1)rigadier general of volunteers "for gallantry and good conduct and severe wounds at Chancellorsville."' Brevet Bris'adier General George Hull Ward Of Worcester was at the opening of the war a brigadier general of the Massachusetts Militia, — an accomplished and skillful officer. Being disappointed in the hope that his entire brigade might be called into service, he gave his fine energies to the work of recruit- ing the Fifteenth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, being in command of the camp at Worcester during the organization, and accejjting the commission of lieutenant colonel of the regiment July 24, 1861. Acconi|)anying the I'cgiment to the field, and taking part in its first disastrous battle at Ball's Bluff, October 21, 1861, ho suf- fered the loss of a leg. Returning to his home in January, he ap- plied for duty as soon as he had recovered sufficiently, and for nearly a year w^as in charge of recruiting camps at Worcester and elsewhere, rendering valuable service. Early in 1863, though still suffering from an imperfectly healed wound, he returned to the front and resumed command of the Fifteenth Regiment, of which he had been commissioned colonel on the promotion of Colonel Devens to a brigadiership April 29, 1862. On the march to Gettys- burg Colonel Ward was in command of the brigade to which his regiment was attached, but being relieved on reaching the field he returned to the Fifteenth and li'allantly led it forward to the Emmitts- GENERAL OFFICERS. 1001 l)urg road lu support (jf the imporilcd Third Corps, late in the afternoon of July 2, 1863. The disaster to that corps necessitating:- a liKEVE'i bKici. Gen. Geokge H Wakd. chan49, 053. Blackwater. WtS. 823. La ?'ourehe Crossing, 390. Blount '.s Creek. 140, 277. Laurel Hill, 179, 195, 204, 233, 240, 290, 350, 489, lilue Sprimrs. 444. ,5.50. .594, 800. Bovdtown riank Koad, 217, 308, 702, 841. Loeust (irove. 213, 270. Bovkin's :Mills. OSO. Lvnehhurfr. 516. Bri'stoe's Station. 100. 200. 302. 865. Malvern Hill. 105, 192. 199, 25.5, .3.50, 752, 810. Bull l^m, 101. 150, 160, 190. 209. M:irve's Hiirhts. 175, 201. Cane Kiver. 583. Miclianies\ille. 191. Carrion Crow Bayou, 794. Mine Run. 110. 178, 194. 213, 2.'», 201, 321, 428, TM. Carsville, 105. Missionarv Kidjre. 502. Cedar Creek. 400, 402, .521, 580, 703, 773. Mobile, siege, 477. 790, 807, 825. 857. Cedar Mountain, 120, 22;;. Mount .laekson. 118. Ch.ineellorsville, 108. 123. 105. 193. 212. 228. 241. Mount /.ion Cluweh. 701. 208. 287. 319. 42.5, 4K5. 4!'9. 707 Kewbern. 331. 301. .373. 405. Cliantillv. KlO. 121. .334. 422. New Hope Church, 129, 748. Charlrs ( itv Cross Hoads. 787. New Market. 513, Cold Hai lior. 180. 205. 21.5. 202. 305. .323. 308. 390. Newtown. 118. 414. 430. 4911. 5.58. .570. (WO. 707. 712. 727. 839. North .\nna. 195, 215. 243. 247. 305, :K '., .YjO, 489. DabiK'V's >nils, 493, 600. .5:iS. .5.57, .59.5. 094, 700. 712, 839. Dallas. .504. Oak Grove, 104. 210, 206, 296, Deserted House, 104. Olustee, 008. 677. Dinwiddle Court House. 4^3, 705. Opetman. H'M. 401, 519, 572, 585, 772. Dr.'wrv's Bluff. 307, 379, 390, 412, 609. Peach 'lYee Creek. 130. Dun.au's Bun. 728. Peebles Farm. 292. 345. 491, 5-10, 095, 702, 713. Dunn's Farm. 3S9. 411. Pegrram Farm. .5(». Fair Daks. 171. 199. 254, 315. Petersburir. 205. 21.5. 2.34, 344. .3.57. 311. 41.5. 4.31. Fisher's Hill. 402. 520. 447. 4'.H). 5.59. .574. .597. 010. 6!M. 700. 70S-9, 712, Five Forks. 765. 720, 727. 800, K31. 839, !M5, 853. Fort r.island. 146, 470. 570. 009. Piedmotit, 515. Fort stedman. 449, 703, 714. 846,' 854. Plains Store. 4.57, 647. C52. Fort Stevens. 859. Plvnunith. 139. Fort Waii-ner. 5.5. 377, 67.5. I'(".ole.sville. 745. Fre.leiieksburs:, 107. 174. 103. 201. 212, 220. 240. Pojilar Spring Church, 709. 257, 2iW. 280, 299. 317, 338, 352, -124, 441, 484, .531. Port Hudson, siege. 45,'-. 470. 580. 64S .52, (CiO, .515. 5(!5. 787. StPJ. Oiv.. (i7(). 792. K)5. 819, 850. Frout Boval. 118. Port Walthall. aS9. Gain s Mill. 19-..'. 349, 438, 798, 810. Uappahannook Station, 177, 303, 289, »>;. Gainsville, 007, 778. Uawles Mills. (Bl. Galvesti>n, 618. Bi>ams station, tiff!, 324. !32. 840. 1U12 INDEX. Resaca. 129, 503. Kipoii. 511. I{oaiK>ke Island, 30, 330, 301, S7-2, .384, 404. Rofkville, 761. .Sabine Cross Roads, 473, 770, 794. Sailor's Creek, 574. Salem Church. 124. 175, 201, 566. Savage's Station. lO."). 315, 438. Secessionvillc. 420. ()74. * Second Bull Run, 100, 121, 193, 211, 224, 2.38, 207, 284, 334, 422. Shady Grove Church, 291. Shepherdstown, 285. Snicker's Gap, 745. Snicker's Ferry, 517. South Mountain, 224, 528, 828. Southv^rest Creek, 370, 418. Spottsvlvania, 112, 179, 195, 204, 215, 232, 202, 271, 304, 322, 343, 430, 537, 550, 569, 694, 099, 712, 72(;, 853, 807. etravv'ben-y Plains, 380, 4.32. Summit Point, 572. The Angle, 112, 204, 215, 429, 5G9. Thp Crater, .344, 448, 539, 695, 701, 708, 713. Todd's Tavern. 240. 750. Tom"s Brook, .521. 763. Totoputomy, 272, 490, 853. Trauter's C'reek, 374. Vickslnirg, siege, 443, 455, 534, 548, 791, 818. Wanhatchie, 501. W;iviicsli(u-o. 702. Wfldon l;;iih-oad, 262,292, 345,4.31, 491, 539, .597, 095, 702, 727, 801. Whitehall, 139. 152. 276, 363, 631, 635. White Oak Road, 001. White Oak Swamp, 438. WUderness, 111, 179, 194, 203, 214, 231, »16, 262, 271, 289, .303, 322, 342, 355, 429, 488. 554, 568. 59.3, 693, 099, 700, 711. 800. 838. WiUiamstaurg. 103, 170, 198, 210. AVinchester, 118. Wise's Forks. 279, 392. Yellow Bayou, 474, 771. Yellow Tavern, 7.50. Yorktown. siege, 103, 198, 210, 254, 283, 296, 314, SUBJECTS. Agencies, 22, 29, 36. Allotment system, 37. Andrew Sharp-shooters, 862. Annapolis. Md., 183. Austrian rifles, 139, 185. Baltimore riot, 9, 19, 32, 159, 182. Banking houses, 17. " Banks scare," 47, 118. Barefoot soldiers, 222, 363, 507, 728. Blain's Cross Roads. 445, 536,|552. Boston Harbor. 18, 21, 23, 62. Bounty, 70, 74, 672, 821. Burn side expedition, 30. Calls fur troops, 7,^25, 27, 4&-9, 68-9, 72. Celebrations, 5. Chambersbm-g burnt, 461, 518. CharlestowTi navy-yard, 16, 82. Christian Commission, 70. Coast defense. 22, 40-7, 62,',74. Colored soldiers, 15, 52, 56,;75, 672. Corcoran Legion, 216. Darien Inirnt, 074. Deposit of flags. S3. Desertions, 131, 700, 1 848, 851. Dipk)matic service, 94. Draft, 05. Draft riots, 66, 110, 127, 567, 033, 8^1. Educating the blacks, 60. Elections: 1860, 1 ; 1861, 45 ; 1862, 51 ; 1803, 70 ; 1804, 79 ; 1805, 83. Emancipation, 44, 52, .59, 79. Enfield rifles, 23, 543, .577, 083. Examining board, 29. Excelsior brigade. 214. Fu-st to arrive, 8, 31, 142-3, 157, K,l, 181, .348. .394. 481, 690, 861. Foreigners, 75, 403, 540. Fort McIIenrv. 801. Fort Smnter, 378, 684. Freedmen, 59. Gettysburg cemetery, 72. Gosport navy-yai'd. 1.37. (Jovernors appealed to, 4. Governor's messages, 11, 45, 71, 79, 83. Gum Swamp. 388, 408. Harvard students. 31. Hattcras Inlet. 329. 360. 372, 384, 403, 466. Hospital t;are, 23, 36, 50, 70, Iri.sh regiments, 20, 31, 189, 419, 424. 438, 645. Legislative measures, 6, 12, 40, 63, 71-2. Legislature, special sessions, 11, 71. Lincoln, death of. 81. Lousiana Tigers, 500. Loyalty, expressions of, 16, 43, 50, 78. Maine, action of, 4. March to the sea, 131, 504. ]\larvland. action of. 32. 46. Mason and Slidell. 35. 480. Masonic lodge, 116, 3.55. Militia, 4, 6, 8, 27. 49, 73, 138, 144, 219. Mounted rifles, 615. 767. Mozart regiment, 31. 39, 82. Na\ al enlistments, 32, 49, 08. New Etm'land, department of, 41. New England Guards, 18, 30, 371. New Orleans expedition, 40, 394. North Carolina expedition, 40, 47. Nm-ses, 70. Organizations sent, 81, Palmetto Shari)-sliooters, 341. Peace commission, 3. " People's " party, .50. Petition to Congress, 3, Political conventions, 43, 50, 69, 78. Potomac, blockade of. 102. Prisoners of war, 35, 78, 150, 480. 595, 002, 709, 723, 729, 732, 747. QuantrcH's band. 771. Recruiting- stopped, 47. Red i;i\cr campaign, 472. Re-enllstmcnts, (is. Regimental liands, 20. Richmond, fall of. 01, 80, 135. Sabine Pass exjiedition. 4.58. Sanitary Commission. 20, 76-7. Savannah, 132, .505, .587. Secret plotters. 717. Slave aiU'tion, .533. Soldiers' (aniilics. 14, 19, 37,56. South Carolina's secession, 1. Spencer rifles, 571-2. Springfield armory, 22, 82. Suffolk, Va., 164, 605. Sumter, fall of, 7, Surrender of Lee, 81. Tarboro expedition. 386, 407. Tarl^oro expcHlituni. 802, 867'. Texan expedition, 397. 458. Thanksgiving dinners. 76, 102, 110, 131, 483, 565. Treason, ai'rests for, 18. INDEX. nn:\ Union Coast Onanl. 31. liiitfil Statrs. relations with, 21, 38, 40, i". Vi'tt'i-an n iriincnts. G8, 092. War c'xijcnsi's, 7'J, 82. Wa-sliinirton. .\. i ., ir>4, 278, 374, 4()8, <»,'. Wwipon.x, 21-2. 329. .'571. 8C2. K(J7. Yellow fevir, 41(j, 7:i2. TROOPS OF OTHER STATES. Connecticut : 1st H. A., 510 ; 5th, 115. 135. 238; (ith, (i 75 : 7th, 420 ; 0th. 304. 390. 454, 702 ; 10th, 185, 3(50, 872, 403. CS). (17(; : lUli. a'W. :W8; 12t.h. 454,810; i:jtli. 772; l.Mh, 417 ; lSrh,5Ifl; lOth, 510 : 20th, 505 ; 21st, 5;i0, (509 ; 22a, 004 ; 24th, (-.14. mi. Delaware: 1st, 2C5. Illiiioi!*: 2d cav., 472, 477, 769; 8th cav., 859: 12tlM'av., 757. Indiana: 11th. 772; 12th, 11.5. 110, ' 220, 237 : 13rh. 1(12; 10th. 11.5. llii, 221. 237: 20th, 2(i5 : 21st, 394, 454, 408, 817 ; 37th, 117, 120, 125-C. Iowa: 22d, 772. Louisiana: 1st cav., 477; 2d, 457, 650; Isteng., 020, 819 ; 2(1 eiii,'.. (>44. Maine : 2d. 2S2. :>»7 ; 0th, 075 ; 11th, 379 ; 12th. ;iOS, 4.54, 01 1. (itU ; 1.3th. 400 ; 14th, :iS9 ; lOth, 224, 2^12, 245, .592 ; 19th, 202, 303 ; 20th, 289. 543, 008; 21st, 040. G52 ; 23d. 591, 835 ; 28th, 396 ; 29tli, 4(K). Mirvland: 1st. 118, 238; lstcav..762; 2a, 340; ::!d; 312, 449 ; 8d (.av., 474 ; 5th, 415 ; 9th, 511 ; lOth. 511 ; 19th. (;2H. MiclilLrm: 1st, 2. 2(4. 303; Ktli. 420. 540; lOlh, 289, 312, 315; 17tli. .547; 27th. .547. :\Iiiii\esi.ta : 1st. 150. 208, 253, 207-8, S&i. Mississippi: 11th, 122. No.v llamijshire: 2d cav.. 700 ; 2d, 102, 209, 20.5, 1)11 ; 3d. (575 ; 0th. 275. ;i02; 8th, 472 ; lOtli; ;^o.5, 410; nth, mr, 5;3o, 500 ; 12th, 2i:i, 200 ; 13th, 305; 14th. 398, 591. SiU; 16th, 14.5-0. Ni'W Jersey : 1st cav., 740 ; 5th, 111, 271 ; 0th. Ill, 271 ; ■7tli, 111, 271 ; 8tli. 111. 271 ; 9th, 1.52, 270, 280, S-JO, .Siu, 389; lUh. 212. 208, 271, 509 ; 13th. 121, 122. 1;M; 39th. 540. New York : 1st cav., 513 ; 2d cav.. 477. .559 ; .3d cav., 275-6, 410 ; 3d II. A.. 28ii; 4th, 190 ; 5th, II. A., .510; 10th. 143; 12th, 101 ; i:ith. 1(50,282, 317; 13th cav., 7.50; tltli. 101. 449, 4S\ ; Kith cav., 7.59 ; 17th, 28;^ ; 19th, 1 15 ; 20th, 205 ; 2.5th, 347; 2.5th cav., 702; 26th 220 ; 2(ith cav., 784, 28th, 115; 34th. 2.53. 803; 36th, 109. 175, 197, 200, 505 ; 41st, 190, 282, 317 ; 42d, 2.53, 202. 3a3, 314; 44th, 289 ; 4rth. (58^1 ; 4Sth, (575 ; 51st. 329, .334, 527, .540, 554, 700; .50th. 377; 50th. 202; 303; 0:3.1. 424. 1:58: 09th, 424,4.38: 75th. 398, 819 ; 791 h. 421, 410 ; Sl.st, .364 ; 82d, 2.53, 2.58. 202, 30.3, 863; 8-3d, 2. "2 3, 232, 236; 8Sth. 421. 4:38 ; 89th, 415; 90th, 4(50; 01st. 004, (570; 92(1.(509; 94th, 242. 592. 97th, 22li, 598 ; 98th, 364: 09th, 265; 100th, :379; 103d. 6S6; 104th. 242. 24.5, .592 ; 107th, 121, 1.32; UOth, 145; 112t.h. 162; 11.31h, 162 ; H4th, 400, 819 ; 110th. 460, 046, 052 ; 120th, 214, 509; 12.5th, 805; 138th, 471, .582: 131st 772; 132d, 105, 278; I:j4th, 498; i:i(ith, 49m ; 139th, 388; 143d, 1:15; 114th. V,Xi); 1.5:3d, 460; 1.50th, 4(59. 57s. .582, 6(W : 1.58tli. ia5 ; 1.59th. 772; 160tli, 819 ; l(51.st, 4.57, (5.5ti : 162d. 145 ; 174th, 457, 65(5 ; 175th, 469, 578, 582, 668 ; 176th, .582; 179th, 540. North I'.irolina : 1st, 408, 684 ; 7lh. 405; 12th, 277 ; a3d, -Sm ; 47th, :308 ; 57th. 7ti3. Ohio : 3th cav., 749 ; 2.5tli. 6.S8 ; .f,.->tli. 409 ; 7.3d, 498 ; 116th, 512 ; 123d, 512 ; 152tl, 510 ; 157th, 167; 1.59tli. 188; 161st, 510. Pennsylvania: 1st cav.. 749; 4th, 150, 308; llth, 22.3, 238, 242, 598; llth cav., •.'65, 757; 19th, 226; 23d, 571 ; 26th, 102. 2o!», 213, 2t3\ 271; 29th, 117, 2:36; 30th, 221 ; :3;3(1, 170; 45th. .540; 544, 5.54, 70(5; 40th, 11.5, 13.5, 2.3S ; 4Sth, ;340, 540, .5.54, 703; 49th, .571; 51st, 329, ;33l, .527; 52d, 376; .5.5th, .3(58; .58th, 1.5.5, 000; 02<1, l9l, 355, 481 ; (56th, 221 ; 71st, 2.53; 76tli, 675; 82endent, 812, 8.30 ; Kevstone. 844 ; Kirbv's.2.55: MoiTisou's, 386 ; Pettit's, 438 ; Willistou's 566. Abbott, Edward G., 114, 120. Abbott. Ilenrv L., :312. .319, '322. Abbott, James G., 145. Abbott, JosiahCi., 44. Abbott, Oramel G., 654. Abbott, Samuel L., 29. Abbott, Willi.am H., 731. Abert, William S., 734. NAMES. Adams. Alfred W., 100. Adams. Charles Franei.^. 90. 95. Adams. Charles F.. Jr.. 743. 78:3. Adams, Charles H.. Jr.. 2.5^i. Adams. Edelbert P.. 7:i8. Adams, Edward II.. 782. Adams, Francis W., 6.5-<. Adams, George F., 496. Adams, Henry S., 513. Adams. John (i.. 869. Adams. J. Webb. 8.34. fU2. Adams. Tlu.mas II., 4;3J. Ai), 83:3. I'.iLrrli.w, I.utber II.. 6.%. I'.i:;rli)\v, ]M()Scs E., 868. r,i-.'l(.\v, W. 11.. 4^9. Hiliini;s, Ilom-v P., 6(>4. r.illniirs, ,J:., 603. Boweii, Milton !{., 743. Bowers, Charles, 149, 480. Bowers, Charles E., 784. Bowker, tJeorge M., 401. Bowler, fJeorKC. 637. Bowles, Albert (J. , 767. Bt)wles, Jolm ('., 085. Bowman, 11., 351, .-i07-8, 542, .VI9. Bowman, Sanniel M., 697, 701. Boyd, Francis E., 614, 737, 739. Boyd, Isaac II., 393, 309. Boyd, John F.,480. Boyd, JohuT, 149, 151. Boyle, Hugh P.. 419, 425. Boylston, Ileiu-y L., 603. Boynton, David, 655, 717. Boynton, Isaac A.. 249. Boynton, Winthrop P., 68.3, 688. Brackett, Edward A., 743. Brackett, Levi C., 419. Bradbury, William. 635. Braden, Ilenrv S , 435. Bradford, Ansel K , 663. Bradl'ord, Pelham, 827. Bradish, Harrison F.. 659. Bradlee, David II., 235 Bradlee, Sanuu-1 J.. 7i.5, 853. Bradh^v, Lcverett, 249. Bradlev, Luther J., 403. Bradstreet, John P.. 655. Bradt, James (;., 893. Bradv, Charles, 436. Brad.y, James. Jr., 304. Brajrdon, George, 734-5. Brastow, (i.'orgeO.. 149. Breed, Bownuui B. . 181. Breed, (Jeorge T.. 84.5. Brennan, John 11., 419. Brewster, E. A. P.. 183. 359. :WX Brewster, Hemv B., 6.50. Brewster, Oliver A.. 6(13. Brewstir, William R.. 314. Bridge Wat.son M-..(ir3 Bridgham, Charles E.. 673. Bridgnum, ICdward. 561. Bridgman, Elliott C.,4(i7. Bridirman, Malcolm, 664. Brigirs, Chester W., 87i). Britfics. Ilemv S.. 26, 170, 182, 186, 19S, 199, .564, 591, 641, 661. Brigffs, Henrv W.. 139. Brigg.s, Janu^s W^, 629. BriiiKS, Joseiih B.. 802, 806. Brigirs, Moses. 166. BriiTL's, Oliver F.,393. Briggs, William II. II., 4t)2. Brig-s, William J.. 14.". Briiins. William S.. 138. Brigham, Alfred W . 7.3". Briuham, A/.el P . 307. Brigham, F^phraim H.. . '' '. Briirham, Jolm L , 743. Brigham, William C , 6C^. Brighiim, William F , .543. Briirht, Samuel. 8.56. BroiisiUi. David. 637. Brooks, Fre; do. 719. Brown, William M.. 40i,4ti.3. Brown, William ()., 883. Brown. Williams. .490 4!I8.0(*}. Browne, A. i;., Jr., 14. 39. 40. Browne, A. P. 6('3. 60r. C(i8. Browne, Charles 1)., 426, 449. Browne, Henry W., 468. Browne, W. II„ 174. 5, 301. ISrowinng, (JeorgeF'., 113. I!rue(>, Frank. 817. 830-1. lirvan. Timothv AL, Jr., 319. Hrvant. H.. 543." P.rv.int. Henrv. .311. Hneklev. Florence, 419. Buddinv:ton. John W., 663. Buflington, James 89 Buffum, Amos, H83, .51:), ,5,59. Bmrbee, Samuel 11. 3^3. I'.MJlir I, .Vii'ielina M.. M. Bull. II I Aiuiii- M.,6]. Bullork, Alexander II , 15. 4.5, 71 79. R3. .338, ;iK5, 508. Bullock, Jcs.se D.. 168, 173. Bullock, I'r.served. 776. Bullo.k, W. W., 3J, 4.53, 454. 450. Bump, William E., Jr.. 142. Bumpus, Cephas C . 142,480,735. Bum|)us, F^clgar L.. 503. Bumpus, Evi'rett C. 73.5. Humstead Nathaniel W.. 634. Bunker, David T., 614 772. I'.urbank, Eh-azer I{. 187. liurbank, Elisha. M. 219.23.5. I'.mhank, William II. 151,708. l',uHicek, John P., 613. Burditt. James A. 188. Burke, Timothy, 190. Burlingame, Aiison, 9.5. Buridiain, Simeon A., 735. Burnham. Walter. 161. Burns Aliehael. 375. Burpee Pierson.T. K..668. Burrage, Hem-y S. .543. .501. Barrage, Jo.m'IiIi P. .5) '3. Btniell, Charles B . 617. Burrell. I. S.. 74 617.610 622-3. Burrell, John P.. 617. Burrell, ^lartin Jr , 017. P.unvll, Oliver r36 Burrill, David B . 2.3.3. Biurill, (ieorge C. 711-2. Bnrrill Hadlev P. 8C9. Burt, John B. 168. Bnrt Josepli, Jr., 643 Bmt. Mas..n W. 847, 353. Bmt, William I.., 21. Bush, Andrew L.,.5f>4. Bush, FVancis Jr. 03<». Hush, (ieoir'c. S;.3.5, 241. Hnss. Eli.-iha (J. 2.-«. Bull r. B. F.. 1, 8,89. .57, 182. Untler Horace M.. 743. Butler Lafayette, 188. 507. Kuttors, John W , 207. 1016 INDEX. Buttrlck. Harriet, 01. Buttrick. II H. 149, 643, 711. Buxton, St-tb S , 249, 724. Byrnes. Uieliard, 424. 431 Cabot, Charles F.. 312, 318. Cabot, Edward C. 629. Cabot Le^vis 743, 756, 775, 779. Cabot, S Jr. 29. Cabot. Stephen. 66. 739, 741. Cadwell. William H , 716. Cady Oeorse L.. 161. Cahill, T. W.,390 457. Caldwell John A., 777. Caldwell, Lewis P., 727. Caleff, Ceora'e W.. 208. CaUender, Charles. 642. Camp, Samuel 401 405. C'ampbell, Andrew. 2d, 637. Campbell, Charles A., 603. Campbell, George S.. 382. Campbell, John B., 394. Campbell, John M.. 847-9, Chandler. William L., 99. Canedv, Bessy, 61. Canfleld, Charles T., 542, 557. Capen, Henry, 312. Capron, Luther, Jr., 658. Caraher, A. P., 419. 4^, 429. Carey, John, 189, 192. Carg'ill. Thomas M., 798, 800. Carleton, Edward, 610. Carleton, John. 419. Carll, Erastus B., 114. Carpenter, Charles O., 698. Carpenter, James R.. 731. Can-, Joseph B., 106. 212, 268. Carroll, Charles, 726. Carroll, Charles W.. 282, 285. Can-oil, Howard, 724. Carruth, Francis W., 100. Carruth, Russell, 068. Carruth, (Snmner. 100, 525, 527, 530, 533, .537, 098, 711. Carruth. W. AV., 142, 817-8, 820. Carsley, William. W., 168. Car.son, Robert C, 37. Carter, Harriet L.. 61. Carter, John IL, 777. Cartwrig-ht, Edward G., 735. Cartwriylit. G. W., 119,421-2,433, Cai-twrii^lit, James W., 692. <'arv, .Joseph S.. 235. Cary, Richard, 114. 120. Cary, William H., 236. Case, James H., 743, 777. Cash, M'illiam, 182. Caskin, Phikna, 01. Cass, Jonathan, 003. Cass, Thomas, 20, 189, 192. Caswell, Adin W.. 402. Caswell, Joseph !S., 182. Cate, Thomas J., 1.^8. Caufy, Edward, 393. Center, Addison, 182, 359. Chadl)ouriie. lienjamin F., 158. Chadliourne, (Jeorfi-e, (i24. Chadwiek, John C., 293. Chaffee, Samuel J.. 051. Chaffin, Alfred, 542. Chalmers, James ('., 563. ChanilK-iiain. Abial (J., 100. Chamlx'i'hiiii, C. >I., 11)G. Chaml)ri-lain. Kdwin ISl., 847. Chanihcrlain, John F. E., 7'35. Cliam'i rlaiu. Perrv 1).. 28(). Chanilicrliiin, Roliert 11., 710. Clrnnlicrlain. Samuel E., 136-7. 74.', 715-0. 719. 7S3. Chambeilain. William D., 436. Chambers. John G., 149, 3,59, 362-3, 365. 307. Champney, Frederick W., 187. Chamjiney, Jonas A., 564. Champney, W. A., 56i. Chandler." Charles L., 99, 105. Chandlei-, Charles L., 508, 607-8, 698, 700. Chandler, Charles P.. 99. Chandler, Edward A., 182. Chandler, Frederick, 718-9. Chandler, Theophilus P., 3. Chandley, George B.. 564. Channell, Alfred M., 274. Chapin, E, P.. 646, 651. Chapiu, Frederick A., 731. Chapin, Samuel, 852. Chapman, Andrew, 781. Chapman, C. Hem-y, 589. Chapman, W. H., 158, 393, 400. Chase, At B., 614. Chase, Charles E., 738. Chase, Constantine, 735. Chase, David M., 197. Chase, Heman, 709. ■ Chase, Joseph, 716. Chase, Lucy, 61. Chase, Martha H.. 61. Chase, Sarah E., 61. Chauncey, C. R.. 508, 514. Cheever, Hem-y A., 278. Cheever, Tracy P., 525. Cheney, E. Dexter. 697, 701. Cheney, Ednah D., 61. Cheslev, Benjamin F., 274, 711. Chick, John S., 716, 737. Chlckering, T. E., 013, 769, 772. Chickering, William, 776. Chllds, James M., 698-9. Childs, William T., 166. Chipmaii, Andrew A., 738. Chipman, Charles, 4.35-0, 448. Chipman, George A., 166. Chipman, George L., .543. Chipman, James F., 497. Chipman, James L., 589. Chipman, John II., 710. Chittenden, Albert A., 160. Choate. Rufus, 114. Christ, B. C, 441. Chul)l)ock, Francis E, R., 407. Church, John H., 14.5. Church, -loscph, 710. Churchill, <'liarlcs E., 139, 70.5. Churchill, Josei)h M.. 634, 870. Chute, Kicbard II.. 711 Claffcv, Thomas. 299. Claftliii. William, 2. Clapp, Ch.-nining, 742, Ciapp, Lewis, 004. Cl.ipi), Thomas W., 190. Clark, Albert W.. ,525. f :lark, Chester, 220. Clark, Dixwcll II., 870. Clark. Edward L., 219. Clark, p:dwin C, 402, 063. Clark. Elisha P., 474. tnark, Enoch J., 151. Clark, E. S., 1.58. 393, 396, 399. Clark, (Jeorge D., 063. Clark. George. Jr„ 26, 207, 209. Clark, (Jeorge W., 278 ; do. 050, Clark. Harry, 182. Clark, Hiram E. W.. 756, 782. Clink, IIoniceL.. 731. Clark, James W., 004. Clark, Jolmson, 130. Clark, Jouiis B.. 359, 309. Clark, Leach. 046. Clark, Linus E., 719. Clark, Luther A., 003. Clark, Nathan. 09 Clark, Kandoph iSL, 713. Clark, Robert F.. 371. Clark, Willanl, 3H2. C'lark, William A.. 207. Clark, William F.. 403. Clark, William IL. 330, 344. Clark. William L.. 280. Clark, W. S., .327, 330, 332. 339. Clarke, Albert G., 4. Clarke, Charles A., 719. Clarke, Jas. Freeman, 44, 114. Clarke. Rouse R.. 507. Clarke, Thomas W., 435, 449. Clarke, \\illiam F.. 453. Cleaveland, John P., 4,53, 459. Clement, Moses V., 249. Clement, Oscar H., 805. Clifford, John IL, 45 ; do. 197. Clifford, Joseph C, 617. Clough, Andrew J., 667. Clough, Edgar, 379. Cobb. ChaiTes K., 479. Cobb, William L., 507. Cobb, WiUiam S.. 139. Coburn, Charles IL, 101. Cobm-n, Harry N., 014. Cobm-n, Hirain S., 017. Coburn, Josiah W., 054. Coburn, William C.. 292. Cochrane, Frederick. 654, 710. Cochrane, William F., 430. Codman, Charles R., 634. 870. Coe, Edward L. 697, 700. Coe. Isaac II.. 737. Coffin, Frederick J.. 184. Coffin, Herbert C, 693. Coffin, Jared, 629. Coffin, John N., 156, 827. Coffin, Samuel. 046. Coggswell, John D., 018. Cogswell, (Jeorge B., 435, 4.39. Cogswell, William, 114, 123-6, 128, 131-2, .505; do. 054. Cogswell, William L., 347. Col burn, Charles H., 208. Colburn, Joseph, 2.30, 710, 713-4. Colby, Eben T., 144. Colbv. William P., 278. Colcgate. William A.. 1.51. Coleman, Horace U., 659. Colesworthv, D. C, Jr.. 625. CoUamore, John A., 630. Colliimore, Theodore, 161. Colliiig\vood,JohnB., 4.35-6,443. Collin-wood, Jos. W.. 282,286. Collins, Xathan W., 182, 525. Collis./'harles II. T.. 720. Colnuin, Ednnind C., 166. Colman, Peirv. 149, .589. Colt. Thomas (i.. 503. Colton, Kdward S., 731, 737. Comee, Anson S., 858. Comerford. John A., 014, 775. Comsett. >b>ses W., 710. Conant, Charles ()., 346. Coney, John S., 0.54. Conklin, George H.. 737. Conn, Charles K., 599. Conner, Henry C, 346, 7.37. Conner, James, 622. Converse, Charles S., 151, 156 Converse, James W.. 643. Conwell. Hussell II., 037, 731. Cook, Alliert W., 09S. f;ook, Asa M., 9, 785. 897. Cook, B. F., 220, 22.5. 230. 2^3-4. Cook, Fi-ancis C. 038. Cook, Frank A.. 407, 471. Cook, Frank II. . 022. Cook, Ira H.. 017. Cook, Jacol)B . 781. Cook, Jerenuah R., 453. INDEX. 1017 Cook. John n.. 698. Cook, John L., 327. Cook, T. Washburn, 734-.'). Cook, William, 734. Cooke, Charles Z., '.)9. Cooke, (Jeorge E.. .569. Cooke, John S., 3',i3. Coolev, Horace K., 402. (•,,olev, John J., 4a>. Coolev, >'. Saxton, (538. CooleV. AVDliani H., .508. C.ioliik'o. Chirlcs, 331. (ooinhs, Eirt;ar H., 415. (doinl)S, Jusejih M., 16(5. Cooper, Joseph J., 5!I0, COl. Cootev, I'hilip J., 156. CoiH'laiid. Cliarles l)., 139, 706. CoiM'hnKl. (;.-or^'e W., 692. Copelaiid, Hiram W., 220. Copiland, K. Morri.s, 113. Corlilii, Frank S., 2.">2, 2.')7. conlwell, William, 241. Core.v, James. ()(i7. < 'orh'-w, William R., 436. Cottintr, Charles, 710. Cottiiig, Edward P., 658. <'ottle, Edmund, 145. Couch 1). X., 2(), 8:1 168, 197. Coulter, Kichard, r)!l2, 598. Coupe. William, 745. Covenev, Je»eniiah W.. 419. Cowdiii". Ifolurt, 2(;. 99. 2t19, 604. Cowdiu, l.'oliert J.. (i!l2, (i94. Cowdin, William II., 617. Cowdry. Arthur W., 174. (Owen. Jonathan E.. 767-9. Cowie, William P.. 99. Cox, Charles (J., 601, 611, 784. Cox, James, 706. Cov. Alonzo, 207, 218. Cralts. Jose))h. 151. Craibe, Charles L., Jr., 156. Craiu'. (ieorjre E., 235. craiir, Lcwellvn L.. 158. Cram. ( harles C, 820. Crandall, H. Hurr, 718. Crane. .)ohn P., 347. Crane, William D., 683, 688. Cranston. Thonnis A., 738, 869. Crawley, John H., 694. Creasy, (Jeorfje, 181. Creasy, William I., 8,59. Crehoie. Charles !•'., 5(k^, Critchctt. (icorjre F.. S2;J-4. Crocker, Aujrustus, 144, Crocker, (;eorj;e E., 435. Crocker. Hem-y H., 756. Croff, John F.,"8(;9. Cromack, Jos. C, 29.3, 300, 35.5. Crosby. (ieor«e L., 156. Cross.' Henrv M., 710. Cross, Iv'obeit M., ,54.3. Crossnian. Pobert. 139 ; 5d, 70,5. Crowidl, (Jeorire M., 16(). Ci-owlev. Jlorence C., 151. Crowley. Timothy .\., 4,53, 456. Crowninshield, B. F., 22. Crowninshield, l?en.i. W., 743. Crowninshield, Casjiar, 65, 312, 742, 7.55. 7(;0. 763 4, 766. Crowninshield, Francis, 3. Cudworth. Warren H.. 99. Ciunminirs. Ariel 1.. 617, 619. Cumniiuirs. (;ilbei't. Jr., 658. Cununinirs. l.ueius, 844. Cumston. .James S., 629. Cundv. William 11.. 604. Cunniff, Martin, (Wi. Cuiuiiiiirham, Charles A.. 731. Cunnin^'ham, J. A., 480. 490,494. (.'urrier, Charles, 151, 156. Currier, James W., 615. Currier, ,lohii J., IkI3. Currier, John ()., (Mti. Currier. Simeon P., 208, 735. Curry, Samuel. 419. Curtin, Jo)m J.. 540, 5.55. Cm-tis. .Vrtluir U.. 322, 324, .'326. Curtis, Franklin, 143. Curtis, (i. S.. 11 J. 742, 745, 749. Curtis. Hall. 371. 731. Curtis. II. Pelham. 743. Cushinjr, ilraincrd. 71(i. ('ushinj;, .lames W., •I(i7, 697,701. CiLshinj;, John. l(;s-9. Cusliinji, Eyman F. W., 738, Cushiii-^, l.ysandcr F.. 220. 225. Cuslimai), Austin S.. 1.36. 642. Cushman, Itichard P., 249. Cutler. Charles B.. .507. Cutter, Calvin. :ii7. ;«4. Cutter, Charles P.. IM. Cutter, .Mi.ss Carrie E., .3;^1. Cutter, Eben P., 717. Cutter, John C., 543. Dabney, Charles W.. 629. Dabnev, Lewis S.. 7">6. IJafitrctt, Henry '1'., 77(1, Daland. .Iohn.372. Dale, Wm. J., 14, 2;^ 28, 29, 77. Daley, William. 382, .391. Dallas. Alexander J.. 265. 269. Dallas, Horatio N.. 282. 781. Dalton, Charles, II., 22,29. Dalton, .lohn C., 29. Dalton, .Joseph A., 6a3,607, 871. Dame, Lorin L., 856. Dame, Luther, 868. Damrell. William S , 247. Dana. Alfred C., 99. l)ana, David D., 735. Dana, David, Jr., 249, 724. Dana. N. J. T., 313. Dane, Heiu-y C., 614. Danforth, licnrv F., 149, 003, Daniels, AllMrtE., 719. Daniels, (iram ille W., 150. Daniels, John L., 719, Daniels, Henry W., .543, 556. Daniels, Robert S., 151. Daniels, William P., 6.55. Darliii!,', (ieorjre S., 467. Darlinu'. J. Homer, 658. Darraioii, James R., 265, 2(')7. Dashiell. .\ltrcd H., Jr., 697, Davidson, Henry, 802-3. Davies. Henry E.. 749, Davies, Henry T., 743. Da vi.s Albert A., 250, 720. Davi.s, Albert R., 281. Davis, Alonzo P., 328. Davis Austin. 543. Davis, Henjamin, .3.56. Davis. Charles A., 617, 622. Davis, Charl. s W., :i27, .340, 345. Davis, Daniil W.. 151, 156. Dayis, E. J.. 47.3. 771. Davis, Elisha L.. 161. Davis, Francis E., 870. Davis, (Jcorirc E., 1.58, 393. Davis, {;eort,'c F., 776, 780. Davis, (ieortrc H., 220. Davis. Ceorjre P.. 618.' Davis, (ieortrc R., 184. Davis, Isaac. 43. Davis, John H.. 207. Davis. John J.. 1!«. Davis, Jonas R., 34.5. Davis, Jonathan W., 1.39. Davis, .Joseph. 4.53. Da\is, Nelson H., 169. Davis, Phineas A., 82?. 824. I);n is, P. .'Stearns, .5«9. .597. Davis, Widter S., :il7. Davis, William W.. 435. Davis. William W. H.. .376. Da\o|, Bradford D.. 869. Dawes. Hemy L.. 43. 89. 93. D.iwson, Thomas. 705. Day, Beniamin, 249. Day, Charles <)., 312. Dav, Edwin E.. 197, 199. Day, (Jcorire H., KI2. Day, Hannibal. 47. Da.v, Jo.seph M., 7.5. 603, CiMi. Day, Luther, 274, 27S. Dean, Bradley. 61 1. Dean, (ieorp- J., 149. Dean, John iM., 1.36. Dearborn, (has. A., Jr., 479,4JiJ. Dearin-r, Hem-y L., 251. Decker, J-fford :M., I'.hi. 2(H), (Ka. DeCosta, ]!enj;imiii F., 148,281, Dei;an, Henry ]).. 6.54. D(Mion, ,\rthur. 227. Deland, Edwaivl F., (i35. Delano, Charles, 9.3. DeLord, Charh's H., 207. DeMerritt, D.avid A., 7.56. Demiiif.', ]5urton II. , (ttl, 0,5:j. Demi)Scy, James, 521. Dennis. Leonard (J., 604, 868. Dennison, Ami ]{ , 402. Denny, Edward W.. 731, Dciniv, (JeoiKO P., (,.34. Denny, James H., 7.31. Denny, Josc])h W., 158, .383. Derby, (Jeorse, 359. Derby, Jost^th. Jr.. 1140, D.-rby, Richa?1,860. Devens, Edward F., 860. Deverenx, Arthur F., 182, 203. 29S, m). ;i03. Devereux, Charles U., 294. Devine, James, 419. Devon, Andrew J., 822-3. Dewey, Edwin S., 697. DeWitt, Reubi n, 6.38. DcWolf, Oscar C., 742, 755. Dew.son. Fiancis A.. (i34. Dexter. Beniamin F.. 673. 718. Dickerman, (icorirc M., 393. Dickinson, Daniel ^i. E., 9'.t. Di<'kinson. Edward, 44. Di<-kv. William. 737. Dike, John 11., 1.5S-9. Dilliiidiam, Robert A., 809, 810. Dillon, James W.. 151. Dinnnock, Justin E., 479. Dimon. (harles A. K., 453. Dix, Dorothea L., 19. Dixon, (.'eorijc S.. 688. Doane. Elisha, 497, .504. Doane, Henn*, 625. Doild, Albert, 860. Dodd, ( harle.s, WiO. Do'<. Dodtre, Daniel J., .56.3. DodiTi'. James (i. C, 294, 718. Doherlv, James, 698, 7(»3. Dohcrty, William W., 189 Dolan, Dennis A., 52(i. Dolan, Philip. 7™. Dolan, Thomas, KiS. Dolliver, William IL, 7*5. Donaldsoi, David M., 574. Donath, Herman, .3ol. Donnelly, Hugh, 564. Donovan, Matthew, 265, 269. 1018 INDEX. Donovan, Patrick J., 718. Dooley, Peter. 564. Dorman, William B., 710. Dorr, Henry 6., 776. Dorr, John, 716. Doten, Charles C, 136, 576, Doten. Samuel H., 436. Doty, Albert, 701. Douglass, Frederick, 54, 81 Douglas, Lewis H., 673. Dow, Albert P., 145. Downs, Moses, Jr., 156. Drake, George C, 220. Drake, Ira, 142, 145. Draper, Alonzo G., 249, 724. Draper, Frank S., 643. Draper, James D., 148, 655. Draper, James P., 480. Draper, William F., 382, 543, 550, 555, 559, 561. Dreher, Ferdinand, 311, 318. Drennan, James M., 383. Dresser, Edson T., 651, 697, 701. Drew, Arthur L., 249. Drew, Caleb, 149, 151. Drew, Charles E., 394. Drew, Charles H., 282. Drew, Stephen W., 189. DriscoU, Cornelius F., 735 Driver, Stephen P., 859. Drurv, William P., 719. Druckrell. WiUiam J., 719. Dudley, Albion M., 709. Dudley, Nathan A. M., 452, 464. 647, (356, 769. Dunbar, Melzar, 207. Diincan, SamueLW., 655. Duncan, Timothy M., 618. I'unham, John, 136. Dunham, Thomas H., 218. Dunlap. Jame-s, 710, 713. Dunn, Horace S.. 347, 352. Dunn, Martin, 870. Dunn, Moncena, 293, 303. Dunn, Valentine M., 797, 799. Dunnmg, John F., 158, 347, 350. Dupee, John, 157. Duran, Luther B., 869. Durgin', Horace W., 645. DuriVage, Henry A., 767-8. Dutton, George W., 190, 193. Dwight, Henry ('., 401. Dwight, Thomas, 113. Dwight. Wilder, 113, 119, 123. Dwinnell, Benjamin D., 658. Dyer, David H., 168-9, 869, 870. Dyer, Fordvce A., 731, 733. Dyer, J. Franklin, 293. Dyke, Edward C, 576. Eager, Charles H., 251. Earle, Anthony, 719. Eastman, Ezekiel. 394. Eaton, Solomon K., 139. Ea\TS, Charles G. A., 278. Eddy, Darius P., 617. Eddy, Jesse P., 168. Eddy, Samuel S., 622, 658. Edgell, John D., 668. Edgcrton, Oliver P., 663. Edmands, J. C. 480, 484, 490,492. Edmands, Thomas P., 372, 381. Edson, Charles P., 281. Edson, Daniel, Jr.. 168. Edson, John II., 742, 744. Edwards, rlnirles L., 564. Kdwards, (Jcorge W., 655. Edwards, Henrv, 38. Edwards. Oliver, 179, 196, 563. Edwards. Samuel P.. 663. Eggleston, Melville, 722. Eigenbrodt, Charles S., 756, 7'63. Eldridge, Elisha, Jr., 870. Eldridge, Simeon N., 719. Elder, Josiah L., 611. Eliot, Thomas D., 70, 89. Ellenwood, E. H., 158, Kil, 869. EUingwood, Lyman E., 25^ Elliott, Richard A., 453. Ellis, Jacob M., 796. Ellis, James M., 144. Ellis, Johnson J., 401. Ellis, Joshua J., 56.3, 566. EUis, Samuel C, 635. Ellison, Lowell, 161. Elwell, Andrew, 181, 183, 359, 362-3. 369. Elwell, Charles W., 508. Ely, Charles IT., 037. Emerson, Adams, 453. Emer.sou, John D., 166. Emerson, John W., 618, Emery, Cyrus E., 781. Emery, Moses J., 158, 420. Emery, William, 382, Emilio, Luis P., 673, 676. Emmerton, Charles S., 359. Emmerton. George R., 359. Emmons, J. Frank, 634. Emory, Edward P., 542. Emory, James A., 732. Eppeiidorff, Mas, 809. Erickson, Christopher, 829, 830. Estabrook, James E., 4.53, 860. Estabrooks, Henrv L., 393. Eustis, Henry L., 175, 179, 200. Eustis, William T , 3d, 151. Evans, Alvln A., 867. Evans, George S., 268. Evans, George W^. , 827. Evans, John'W., 869. Everett, Charles, 817-8. Everett, Edward, 25, 78, 80, 220, Everett, Edward P., 731. Everett, Walter, 149. 151. Ewer, B., Jr., 139, 705, 708. Fairbanks, George O., Jr., 870. Fan-banks, James P., 507. Fairchild, Edward B.. 507. Parnham, Orrin L., 727. Parnsworth, Addison, 421. Farnsworth, George B., 781. Parnsworth, Luther H., 156. Parquhar, P. U., 736. Farr, A. B.. 150, 393, 396. 400, 620. Farrar, Wm. E , 166, 822, 824. Parson, James, 453, 496. Parwell, Miles, 100, 719. ParweU, William E., 207. Faxon, William L., 142, 479. Fay, Alfred P.. 453. Pay, Charles, 637 Pay, Parwell P., 667. Pav, Prank B., 38. Pay, J. S .241 Pav, William H., 7.37, 869. Pay, Wilson W., 692. Payerweatlier, George T., 738. Fearing, Ilawkes, Jr., 142. Pears, George L., 188. Fears, Samuel. 184. Federhen, Jacob. 786, 789. Fellows. AlI)ertG.,693. Fellows. John P.. 274, 278, 280. Felt in. Saiiuiel M., 182. Fenncllv, IMchard J., 166. Ferguson. Thomas T., 1.56. Ferrero, Edward. 332, 5J7. Ferris, John J . 3ai Ferris, Marsh S., 453. Ferry, O. S. , 162. Person, Rodney C, 161. Pessenden, Anson D., 667. Field, Benjamin F., -Jr., 6.30. Field, Frederick K , 3-16. Field, Freeman, 479 Field, George W., 710. Field, Jonathan E , 71. 79. Field, Joseph P., 6.37, 731. Pifleld, William A., 711, 822-3. Files, Robert 1., 755. Pinnegan, Harry, 453. Finney, Albert t.. 576 Fish, Obed M .731. Fisher, George A.. 3.59, 782. Fisher, George J .»70. Fisher, J. Davenport, 782. pisher, Louise, 61. Fisher, Theodore W., 629, 722. Fisher, William W., 169. Fiske, Alonzo B., 869. Fiske, Eben W., 236. Fiske, Edward A., 4.53. Fiske, George A., Jr., 614. Fiske, Henry B., 698. Piske, John W , 705, 709. Fiske, Joseph E., 7'31. Pitch, J. Arthm-, 611. Fitzgerald, Edward, 189. Fitzgerald, Gerald. 124, 219. Fitzhugh, Robert H., 831. Fitzpatrick, Edmund H., 430 Pitzpatrick. W. H., 837. Plagg, Algernon 8., 564. Flagg, Cassander. 264. Plagg, Samuel, 382. Flaherty, Nicholas C, 195. Fleming, James 431 433 Fletcher Aaron S., 1.58 161. Fletcher, George A., 693. Fletcher, Joel W., 328. Fletcher, John W., 625. Fletcher, Stephen R., 894. Flynn, William H.. 419, 422. Foley, John, 710. Foley, John H. 236 731. Polger, Isaac H. 706. Fohansbee, Albert S. 158-9, 161. Pollansl^ee, Joseph 569. Follett, Dexter II. 797. Follett William IL, 799 800. Fojsom, Charles A. 371. Folsom Charles W.. 311. Forbes, Frank II. 629. Forbes, John M., 4, 22. 6.3. Forbes, Nathan, 139. Forbes, William H.. 742, 755-6, 761. 764, 766. Forehand, Walter. 252. Ford, Augustus, 622. Pordham, E. H.. 467. 473, 476. Pon-est Frederic I). 282. Poss, t;harles IL. 383 Poss, Thomas J., 78.5. Foster, Albert P 382. Foster, Charles 148 Poster, Charles P.. 869. Foster, Charles L.. 642. Foster, Daniel, 496. Poster, Daniel B.. 651. Foster, Dwi.ght. 4 21 44, 78. Foster, Enoch J. 161. Foster, George W . 829. Foster Henrv C. 617. Poster, J. (;. .360 872, aS3 403 Foster, John M.. 151. Foster Joseph C., 871 Foster, Nathaniel II. 38:^. Foster, Robert S jI!2. Foster, Sarah E. 61. Poster Theo. S. 327 .330, 332. Poster, Thomas W.. 271. Poster. WardL., 168. Powle, WiUiam B., Jr. G24. ' INDEX. lOl'J Fowler. Ezekiel GS3. Fowler, James H . 405. Fowler, Mary A.. CI. Fowler, Walter S. 150. Fox. C. B.. 23(5, (ita (iK4. 691, 750. Fox, llem-y P.. 508, ."514. Fox, Horace, 1C8 9. Fox, James A., 235 Fox, J. S 4.53. Fox. Thomas B.. 120, 131. Foye, John W.. 207. Francis Frettrick A., 050. Francis, Humphrey A. 130. Francis, James, 114, 128, 131. P>ankle J.. 274, 27'8, 730. 732. Franklin, W. B., 150 208. Frawley Peter, O. C. 040. Frazer, JohnD. 328 330. Frazer, William A., 184. Fi-eeman, Hartwell W.. 004. Freeman, William T., 068. French, Adams E.. .^^H. French, Charles W., 789. Frendi, Daniel F.. 092. French, Edward B., r 8:). French, Jonas H., 4X,-Z. French, N.. Jr , 143, 479. 481. French, Nathaniel W., 054,057. French, Waircn. 022. Fi'oman, Alfred, 781. Fi-ost, Beniamin W.. 394. Frost, Edwin K. 230. Fi-ost, William !S.. l.'il. 136. Frothintrham, lYank E.. 014. Fi'othinffham, Pichard 44 Frothinfrham. Ward ». 711. Fuller, Andrew L. ;.'."d. Fuller, Arthm- B. , 204 268. Fuller, Charles E.. l.")G. Fuller, (^-eorjre E.. 401 : do 022. Fuller, Gustavus A., 402. Fuller, n. A.. 433. Fuller, Isaac P., 142 B'uller, James (4.. 340 Fuller, J. Milton, 504. Fuller Josiah C. 480. Fuller, M. Autrustus. 156. Fuller, N. P.. 274, 731. 7:«. Fuller, A\'arren A , 770. Gaffnev, John L.. 190. 563. (Jauc, i)anielP.. 496,498. Gallai,'her, James E.. 189 Gallouije, Isaac F., 274 278. Galucia. Warren B., 692. Gidvin, Ed^-ard I.. 622. Gamble. ^^ i Ilia m. 859. Gammell, All)ert M., 208, 218. Gammell, Sereno D., 738 Gammons. John G. 8t9. Gamwell, Harlow 7.5.5. Gannett, Wyllys. 6a3. Gardiner, Stephen D., 184, 717. Gardner, Anna, 01. Gardner, (Jeorge W., .371, 380. Gardner, Harrison 034. Gardner, William II., 4.53. Gardner, ^\ illiam W. 781. Garev, Andrew J. 73S Garlilnd. James W., 827. Garlick, C harlcs H. 0.50. Garlick, Peuben L.. 004. GaiTison. (ieor;re T., 683 Garvin, Paul C.,0.'^8. Gatchell. Moses W.. 2.52-3. Gault. Samuel. .577 .579. Gavlord. (ieorfre H.. 29 Gavlord Noah IM . 2:^.5 240. Geiray. Joseph W.. 737. George, Alliei-t. 852. Georfre, Edwin B.. 737 George, James W. -197, 092. Gertz, William H.. -180. Giblis. Misba J.. 7;K Giblis, John I!., 99. C;ibl)s. John R. 311. Gibl)s, Joseiih 139. Gibbs, William. 743. Gibs )n, Jaiiics. 710. Gibson, William, 526. Giddings, Edward L., 004. Gilford, Fred'k S.. 136. 629, 735, Gifford, George A\'., 108. Gilford Tliomas J.,809, 870. Gifford, William :M., 014. 775. Gill)reth, Samuel G , 805-0. Giles, Eleazer, 182,808. Giles, Joseph J. 589. Gillillan, Thomas' 037, 710. Gill, Elijah B., Jr., 10i\ 102. Gilman, Ai, 755. Gilman, Francis L , 782. Gilman, James E., 024. Gilmore, Gthoniel, 108. Gihuore, Patrick S., 371. Gilmore. N\'illiam E., .382. Gird, Jost>i)li W.. 543, 697, 099. Glass, William, 249, Gleason, Jo.seph II., 860. Gleason, William, 802-.3. Glidden, Jasper A., 772. Glidden, Joseph H., IdO. Glover, Alfred R., 067, 071 Goddard, Benjamin F., 166. Goddard, H. P.. 251. Goddard, .John D. B.. 770, 780. Goddard, Jcsepb !M.. 2,51. (Joddard, Lewis \V., 190. Goff. William C. 1.50. Goldsmitli. Sandford K.. 711. Goldthwait. Joseph A., 3.59. Gooch, Daniel W..91. Goocli, Xathan G.. 809. G.xjdale. Cyrus W.. 402, 400. (Joodale, Joshua C. . .359. Goodell, Arthur A., 543, 540, 549, .5,50, 554, 800. Goodell, John B., 658. Goodhue. Jc)hn M.. 383 800. Gooding, OliverP .407. 476,068. Goodnow, Edgar W., 777. Goodrich, Alolizo E.. .508. 56.5. Goodrich, George E., 508. Goodrich, John Z . 3. Goodwin, Francis E.. 382. Goodwin, Fi'ank. 0.s3, 737. Goodwin, John A.. 2. Goodwin, J.. Jr.. 181 359. 361. Goodwin, John L., 69b. Goodwin, Lebaron, 14,5. Goodwin, Ri.hard ("., 114, 120. Goodwin, Thomas ^\"., 274. Goodwin, William 3d, 187, 8"0. Gordon, G. H.. 20. 113. 119, 12:J. Gordon. (;eorge W,, 350. Gordcm, John. 083. Gordon, Leonard 208-9 7:». Gordon, Timothv. 143. Gore Henry W." 49i!. ' Gorham, fieorge W., 637, 749 Gorham, J Martin. 018. Gorman, Willis A , 253. Goss. Charles. »M. Gould. Augustus !., 618. Gould, Ezra P.. 711. 713-4. Gould, Cleorge F , 738. (J.-uld, Joseph F . 144 Gould. J. P, 23.5.246.710-1.713. Gould. L\Tnan W.. 614. Gouldie, Peter T.. 218. Gove. Jesse A., 3-7, 349. Gove, ^Vesley A , 014. Grace, James W.. 0T3. Graft.ni J Inger.'*oll, 134. Gregg, Isaac 1'.. 719. Grauam, Edward. 720. Graham, .lames. ;i9l. Graham, .Malrulm 2phas H., 822-3-4. Hartwell, Sanniel C, 576. Harvie, Robert B., 651. Harvey, Fredei-ick. 589. Haskell, Alfred. 151. Haskell, John H., 182. Haskell, Peter H,, 207, 731. Haskins, P^jihraim H.. Jr., 709. Haskins, I'rial .M.. 870. Hassall, Robert. 0.54. Hastings, Charles W , 220,233. Hastings, C. S,. .543. 549. Hastings, Joseph W., 335, 498. Hatcli, Augustus, 525. .539, . Hatch, Bejijarain F.. 643. Hatch, Winsor 2d, 781. , Haven, (iilbert. 181. Haven. S. F. Jr., 251. 2.57. Haviland. Thomas P' 219. Hawcs, John A., 139. Hawes, Marcus M.. 114. Hawes, Massena, B., 534. Hawkes, Esther H., 61. Hawkes, George P., 337, 335, 339, 341, 344, Hawley, Charles P., 623. Havden, Frank W., 784. Haydcn, Joel, 4, 50. Hayden, Joseph L., 564. Hayden, Lester M.. 467. Hayes, Elias W., 739. Hayes, Frank. 208. Hayes, Joseph, 281, 285, 287, 290. Hayes. Martin. 6.55., Haynes, Daniel J.. 352. Hays, Alexander. 844. Hayward, Eben T., 738. Hayward, George, 39. Hayward, Henry J., 870. Hayward, J. McLean, 219. Ha>T\'ard, Linus E., 706. Hajnft'ard, Nathan, 311. Heard, J. Theodore, 235. Heath, Charles E., 097. Heath, Christopher S., 849. Heath, Frederick A., 785. Heath, Horace, 637. Heath, William H., 131. Hebert, Thomas, 184. Hecker, Richard. 682. Heckman, C A.. 364. 367. Hedges, Gamaliel. 182. Heine, William. 078. Heintzelman, Rush B., 617. Hempstead, Henry E . 435, 4-11. Henfleld, Amos, 249. 614. Hennard. Joseph. 311. Hennessey, Edward. 311. Henry, Gecn-ge E. 100. Henry, Guy V., 606. Hepworth, George P., 642. Herbert, Thomas, 735. Herchenroeder, John. 3H. Herrick, Moses S., 182-3. Hervev, James W., 014 Hewins, William G., 282, 287. Heymer, John C, 710, 732. Heywood, Charles P., 738. Heywood, Eben T., 337. Hibbard, Lansing E., 333. Hibbert, Joseph, Jr., 99. Hichborn, Alexander, 320. Hickley, Henry S., 7'81. Hickox. Chauncey. 187. Hicks. George A.. 251, 860. Hii;t;-ins, lieniamin F., 849. Hiy-yiiis, William P. 734. Higgiiisun, Francis L., 673, 782. Higginson. Henry L., 114, 743, 744. 754. Higginsoii, Robert M., 781. Hiaginson, T. W., .57. 6.58. Hight. ( 'harles M., 733. Hildreth, .Joseph A.. .576. Hill, iMlwin h'.. 114, 089. Hill, Jame.s .5u2. Hill, James A.. 797. Hill, John K., 297. Hill, William. .536. 532. Hill, William B.. 336. Hillard. Ceoi'ge S., 115. Hillbduni. .\lpheus J..869. Hillniaii, Heriah T.. 710. Hillman, John R.. 663. Hillman. Ifuwland L., 731. Hills, J.iseph S.. 271. Hills, RufusD..743. Iliitcm. Francis W., 26,5. Hilton John H.. 775. Hineklev, Samuel B., 706. Hineklev. M'allace, 029. 731. Hincks, Edward W., 28, 58, 181, 183, 393, 397-8, 300. Hinds, William H. H., 264, 497. Hinds, WilUam H. W., 274, 278. Hinks, Elisha A., 293. Hitchcock, Alfred. 36. Hitchcock, Alfred O.. 698. Hitchcock, Thomas B., 617. Hitchings. Edward, 603. Hoadley, J. C, 64. Hoai', E. Rockwood, 21. Hobbs, Cyrus, 655. Hobbs, Horace. 659. Hobbs. John, 3.59. Hodgdon. Lucian A., 793. Hodge, William D , 196. Hodges, Almon D., 622. Hodges, Arthur. .576. Hodges, Gamaliel 525. Hodges, George F.. 148, 281, 285. Hodges, J., Jr., 293, 654, 710. 713. Hodges, R. M., 39 Hodges, William T.. 614. 780. Hodgkins, William H., 543. Hodsdon, Alonzo J.. 622. Holbrook, Andrew J., 151. Holbrook, Charles L,. 624. Holbrook, Elisha S., 436. Holbrook, Hem-y C, 337. Holbrook, Horatio N.. 149. Holbrook, Wilder 8 , .543. Holbrook. William, 196. Holden, Daniel, 508. Holden, Newell K.. 2.52 Holland, James, 743, 749. Holland, William. 424. Hollis, Abijah, 634, 093. Hollis, Charles D., 697. Hollis, Galen, 734 Hollis. M\Ton W., 145. Hollister, Edward P . 467, 697-S. Holman, David E., lO.S-9. Holmau, (ieorge F., 108. 756. Holman, S. Atherton, 168. Holmes, Albert B., .33.5. Holmes, Alexander S., 136. Holmes, Charles H.. 736. Holmes, Christopher C, 870. Holmes, Frederick, 577, .581. Holmes, Henry T., 655. Holmes, Oliver W . Jr.. 311. Holmes, Otis W., 543. 559. Holmes, P. Marion, 543, 552. Holmes. William F., 145, 147. Holt, Alfred F., 4.53. Holt, Charles v.. 777. Holt. Harrison, 083. Holt, Horace. 249. 724. Honuin, Conrad 450. Homans, George H . 6.3.5. Homans, William H.. 673. Homer, Charles W., 268. Homer. George H.. 1.56. Hood, F:ibridge G., .535. Hooker, Anson P.. 393, 396. Hooper, Arthur. 138. Hooper, Charles H., 371, 377, 379. .380, 381. Hooper, I. H.. 2.52, 257, 259, 728. Hooper, Henry N., 677. HouiHT, 1!. W.. 29. Hnoiiri', SanuK'l. 91. Hooper, William 1).. 0:30. Hopkins, Amos L., 754. Hopkins, Archibald. 504. 574. Hopkins, Edward P . 7.50. Hopkins. James W.. '■^37. Hopkins, Orrin L. 468. INDEX. JO-'l Ilopkin?. Wm. S. B., -1(37-9, 473. K(ppi)in. Henry. P., 7H1. hdiiDii, t'liarles P , 114 Ilortoii, i:vcrett S.. M2, 705. Hortt.n, ,)ivvi\ :A>ti. llortoii, LdvcllSll.. 4i«. Ildi-tdi!. \\ illi;mi 1... :i:-^. Hosoa, I. F H.. oH'.i. Ildsfonl, Horace. Uti3. Hosiiier, AiUlisoii A., 419. Husiiier. .lane. 01. Houjrhton. J. E., fJI!. Hovey, C'barl.s II.. 230, 240. Hovey, .)1K. Howell. Luther ('.. 407. Howes, (.liarles. 040. Howes. Wooiihridtrc It.. 138,281, Howlind. Charles. C , .576. Howlaiid. Charles II., 507. llowlund. Charles W. 145. Howlaiid. Cornelius. Jr., 3.59. Howland, John W., 190. Hovt. Dixi C. 151 731, 733. Hovt. Isaiah F.. 4)-0 Hu'bl)ard, Dwijrht. 190 Hubhard, Ilenrv A.. 402, 404. Hulibard, Stephen L , 7.32. Hubon, Peter E.. 405 Hudson, James. Jr., 182, 184. Hudson, John \\'.. .520, 540. Humble, Ilenrv, 145. Himiphrev. Edwin, 208. 21.3. Huiniihrey. Cti-s M.. Kil. Humphrevs, Chas A., 755, 701. Hunt. Charles. 030 Hunt, Charles X.. 590. Hunt, Ebenczer. 187. Hunt, Franklin L.. 407. Hunt, George E.. 800. Hunt, Samuel C. 148 Hunt, W. Chapman, 402. • Hunt, William. 0.59. Hurd, Charles H. 480. Hurd, Ira. 0.55. 717. Hurd, Samuel H.. 148. Hurd, Theodore C. 035. Hurd. William H., 1.50. 6.54. Hurd, Yorick (i.. 045. Hurlburt. Eben S,. 0(13. llurlburt. Edwin. ?04 Hm-lbut, Georjje I{.. 139, 770. Husband. Thomas H.. 4.30. Hutchings, William V'.,371. Hutchins, C. C. 220. Hutchins, Isaiah, 100. Hulehins, John. 1 19, 589 Hutchinson, William IL, 017. Hyatt. Alpheus 042. Hvde, Gcnrfre H., 504. Ilvde, John 15 ,809, 810. Iii^mIIs, E. Alfred, 181. 184. ln«:alls, Joseph A.. 184, 187. Injr.dls, Sjimuel 781. Imralls, William, 1.51, 710. Intcell. J Wilson. .520.539. In^'r.iham, Timothv, 130, 14.5, ^:S1, 2^, .".TO, 578, 089. InL,'r.diam, 'I'imutliy- Jr . 570. Iii^n-aham, Williiini .M., 2X1. IsUell. John I).,281.2M . Ives, Kal|>h<).. 190. Jackson, c harles A.. 00?. Jackson, Edward I'., 150. Jackson, Patrick T., V82. Jack.son, Sfnewall, 108, 124. Jackson, William, (8,', 085. Jackson, William li., 236. Jacobs, Franklin, 144. Jacobs, William H , 781. James, Garth W.,073. James, Horace, 382. James, Lyman, 773. James, Hobertson. 082. Jameson, Kobert E., 207. Jarves, Deininj;, .Jr., 371. Jarves, il. I)., 371. (192 091. Jetferev, John, 093. Jeffries, John, Jr.. 870. Jenkins, (Jeorge N , 806. Jenkins, Horatio, Jr., 004, 008, Oil. 779, 780. Jenkins, Luke E., 731. Jenks, Francis, 230. Jenks, Ilorac^e A , 443 Jennini^s, (ieor^re F., 742. Jennings, Henry J , ()22. Jennings, Isaac A., 809. Jennings, John II., 130. Jepsoii, John C, 1.58, 161. Jewell. William II., 570. Jewett, .\ndrew F. , 158. Jewett. Chariest' , 2M Jewett, Edwin V. , 738. Jewett. (Jeorge, 0.58. Jewett. liiehard H. L., 673. Jillsoii, Kdwaid M., 415. Johns, Ilenrv T.. wa Johns, Thomas I)., 174-5 Johnson, .Vndrew J.. 158. 393. Johnson, Brent. Jr., 4.53. Johnson, Charles II , 7(J5, 709. Johnson, Cliarles H.. 205. 269. John.son, Dan. II.. Jr. .359 603. Johnson, Edward C..(i30. Johnson, Edwin T. 197. Johnson, Elbridge M.. 755. Johnscm, Frank A.. 870. Johnson, (ieorge A., 719. Johnson, .James X. 251. Johnson Joseph L.. 184. 717. •Tohnson, Thomas II., 871. Johnston. Alexander, 073. Johnston George H , 100. Johnston, Ilenrv, 0.54. Jones, Cha.-les E., 15S, 497. Jones, Dennis H , 0.'^3 085. Jones, E F.. 8 31. 1.57, 393 390. Jones, Edward J., 844-5. .Jones. Edward L. 013 (J7G. Jones, (ieorge H.. 1.50. Jones, Ilenrv P. 735. Jones, John 737 N.'.t. Jones, John C, Jr., 371. Jones, (IS ego .502. .J(mes, \\ illi ini II.. 784. Jime.s, WlUi.im T., 731. Jordan Augustus C. 022, 624. Jordan. ChiirlesM.. 100. .Jordan, Jediah i' . 622 Jordan, William. {;24 Jordon. William W .788. Jor^'i'n.sen Hans P. :i')'.i. Josliji Ceorge C. 252 2.57,259, 2(11 8ti0. Jourdan, (ieorge F.. 05'^ Jourdan, James, 1S5. Jov. i;dward S. 019. Jov, Silas S., 019. Judd, l.'iaac E.. 051. 0.5.3. Jiid.son, Walter IL. 23.-. Justin James M., 0.37. Kali'r, Cornelius, 782 Kearney, Stepliin 1... 252. Keating, .\lbert, 716. Ke( 11 Willi:ini T., 43(i. Kcenaii. Thomas H.. (19.3. Keene, William H 187. Keith, Charles A.. 770. Keith, David H., 743, 77(;, 778. Keith, Hiram .\ , 197. Keith, Walter H , 870. Kellev, David M ,051, 716. Kellev, Jarvis.1' , .503. Kellihcr, .lolin. 323,32.5. Kellogg, Justin V , 004. Kellogg, I.erovK,051 Kellv, Patrick, 425, 431. Kelton, Ira J., .327, .3*;. Kelty, Eugene, 2il4, 4.5:^, 456. Keinj)ton, Frank 11., 7a5. Kendall, Albert A., 22.5. K.ndall, CliaWes (;.. 029. Kendall. ChnrlesS., 99. Kendall, J< s-ph L., 2<.).3. Kendall, -1. Jei.li I{.,(k30. Kendrick, Leon H.,770. Kennay, James W , 098 Kenney, (;eorge W.. 274. 788. Keniiey, Jonathan .\.. 871. Kennison, .Josiah F.. 419. Kennv, Amos ()., 037 Kenrick. John A., 029 I\ent, Barker IJ., Jr.. 710. Kent, John, 151. Kent. William L., 359. Kern, Ilenrv .\., 430 Kesselhuth, Henry. 114. Keves, (ieorge S . 731 2. Keves, Hamlin W., 148-0. Kidder, E.lwanl J.. 232. Killiani, (ieoi-ge W., 150. Killiaii, J..lin.420. Kimball, Daniel W..or.9. Kimball. John C., 184. Kimball, John W., 251, 254,2.57. 512. 007. Kimball. Joseph W.. 249, 72;. Kimball, Josiah F. IKM. Kimb.ill, Kiehard H ,220,221. Kimball, Thomas 1). 0.59,731. Kimball. William K., 014. Kinipion, Lucius P., 02.5. Kinir, I.ciTider (i., 204, 209. KiiiL', I{obert,088 King, Hobert If.. 731. King, Kufus, 2.52. Kim:. W. S.. 74.. 520. .530, .5*3, 737. Kingsbury, Daniel E , 037. Kiniiev, Jirev, Jr , 870 KinsleV, Alfred H , 7:^1. Kinslev, Edward B. P.,(V12,711. Kinslev. E1VC..0I2. Kinslev, Frederic H., t49. 589, .5!»7-8, C^RJ. Kinslev. Willard C., 5S9. 001. Kirk, .iames W., 827 8 8.56. Kittle. James, 18K Kittredge, Fhivir*; , 408. Kittridge. E. F . 4'JO. Knapp, George H., 637. 1022 INDEX. Kneeiand, Samuel, C34. Kniffiu, Charles W., 651. Knh-ht, Jasca II., 188. Kni^'ht, JohuII.. 187. s Kni'^ht, Lucius W., 742. Knij,hts, George W., 166. Kiicivvles, Charles K., 354. Kurtz, John, 30, 235, 359, 383. Ladd, George P., 692 Ladd, Jeremiah B. P., 737. Ladd, Luther C, 159. Ladd, r^athaniel E., 683. Laforest, Samuel O., 328, 643. Lakin, J. Frank. 207. Lamb, Charles D., 731. Lamson, David S., 264, 267-8. Lamsou, William H., 393, 497-8. Lauden, William J., 184, 188. Lander, Be'njamiu W., 802. Lauder, F. W., 37, 312. Lander, Henry F., 311. Lander, Miss, 37. Lane, Everett, 624 Lane, Henry F., 613, 769. Lang, Anthony, 359. Lang, Charles H., 711. Laugford, Edvi-ard L.. 168. Laugford, Fanny S., 61. Langley, Alonzo B., 858. Langmaid, Samuel, 249. Lathrop, John, 526. Lathrop, Joseph H., 777. Lathrop, Julius !»[., 576, 583. Lauriat, George W., 494. Lawler, Andi-ev^- J., 419, 439,430. Lawrence, Amos A., 1. LawTence, Daniel W., 156. Lawrence, J. K., 141. Lawrence, Levi, 883, 698. Lawrence, Sam'l C, 9, 148, 150. Lawrence, William H., 99. La^\Ty, Da-s-id F., 697. La'UTy, Ira F., 645. Lawson, Henry T., 265, 731-3. Lawson, John, 731. Lawton, Joseph W., 405. Lawton, Thomas C, 563. Leach, Frank T., 507, 522. I-each, Ivory, 867. Leach, Lebbeus. 436. Leasurc, Daniel, 342, 545. Leathe, Charles B., 603, 784. Leavitt, Daniel F., 613, 775. Leavitt, Sheldon, Jr., 777. LeBarncs. John W., 311. Le(';uii. AVilliam H., 294. Leo, Arthur B., 673. Lee, Charles J., 646. Lee, Custis. 575. Lee, Daniel W., 436. Lee, David 293. 297. Lee, Edward D.. 410. Lee, Francis L., 629. Lee, Horace C, 31, 139, 1.52. 401, 413, 416. 638. Lee, James H., 738. Lee, JohnR., 99. Lee, John W., 467. Lee, Lathrop, 637. Lee, Samuel II . 734 Lee, Timuthv F., 189. Lee, W. H. F.. 757. Lee, William P., 29. Lee, William R., 28, 35, 311, 313, 316, 818, .563. Legg, Edwin, 731. Lcfghton, H. B., 589. Leland, IJciijamin F., 197, 199. Leland, Francis, 118, 120. Leinan, Archelaus N., 166. Lemoyne, George, 730. Lemoyue, William J., 419. Leonard, Joseph B.. 1G8, 173. Leonard, Xahum. 7u5. Leonard. Orville W., 617. Leonard. Samuel H., 23, 28, 2-35, 243, 592. Leonard, WiUiam G., 638. Lett, Eli, 082. Lincoln, Fi-ancis D., 638. Lincoln, Francis M., 525. Lincoln, James M., 168, 851. Lincoln, Levi, Jr.. 508. Lincoln, Rufus P., 326, 564 573. Lincoln, William H., 174. Lincoln, Wm. S., 507 514, 522. Lindley, Henry C, 265. Lingerifelter, George R., 651. LinneU, Lorenzo F., 182, 184. Lipp, Loedegar M., 693. Little, Thomas I., 740. Littlefield, Edward P., 692. Littlefield, H. D., 827, 845, 850. Littlefield, Hemy W., 673. Littlefield, John, 860. Littlefield, M. S., 676, 684. Littlefield, Samuel F., 188, 655. Livermore, C. I>ed'k. 739,740-1. Livevmore, Edward M., 264. Lloyd, John K., 275. Locke, Francis, Jr., 187. Locke, John W., 148, 654. Lockwood. H. H., 1S8. Lombard, George B., 639. Lombard, Hosea C, 197. Lombard, Jacob H., 629. Long, Alanson B., 663. Longley, Stephen W.. 667. Loomis, Joshua A., 564, 570. Lord, Caleb H., 1.30. Lord, William 4th, 646. Loring, Frank W., 371, 576. Loring, Selden H., 453. Loring, Southworth, 136, 604. Lothrop, Augustus W., 168. Lothrop, Thomas J., 144. Loud, Kienzi. 782. Longer, William F.. 731. Love, George M., 458. Lovell, John A.. 507. Loverins, William, 453. Lovett, Charles W., Jr., 614. Lovett, Horace R. . 184. Lovrien, William F., 161. Low, David W., 182, 184, 187-8. Lowell, Anna, 76. Lowell, C. R., Jr,, 22, 65, 755, 763. Lowell, James J., 312, 316. Lowell, Mrs. C. R., 20. Lucas, Thomas J., 477. Luce, Freeman C, 692. Lull, Frederick A., 731, 811, 813. Lurvey, James T., 293, 603. Lvle, Jabez M., 1.39, 870. Lyle, Peter, 226, 246, 594. Lyman, George H., 29. Lyman, J. Austin, 508. Lvman, Luke, 401, 409. Lynch, John A., 393. Lvude, Leander F., 158-9. Lyon, Charles P„ 136, 138. Lyon, (Jeorge P., i526. Lyon, Julius M., 622, 638. Lyons, Henry M., 187, 651. Maoaidey, Daniel, 584, 586. Macomber. George, 508. Macoy, I'riah, 716. Maey, George N., 312, 317, 319, 320, 322. Madiican, William, 189, 192. Magee, James, 419, 769, 773. Maggi, jVlbert C, 136, 327, .330. 496, 498. Maginnis, James. 046, 648. Maglathlin, Hem-y B.. 145. Magiicr, James. 430. Magnitskev, Gustave, .325. Mahan, John W., 189. Mahuney, Andrew, 293. Maker, J. Crosbv, 372. 380. Mallory, Abner F., 782. Maloy, John, 145. Mandeville, John M., 10". Mann, B. N„ 274. 276, 280. Mann, Nelson. 145. Mann Samuel W.. 738. Manning, Charles H., 802-3. Manning, Benjamin H.. 604. Manning, George A., 750, 760. Manning, George O., 787, 789. Manning, Jacob M., 624. Manning, Thomas H., 806. Manning, William C, 756, 760. Mansfield, Joseph K. F., 4.36-7. Mansfield, William H., (ia4. Marble, John W., 136, 138, 870. Marble, Samuel W., 809. Marden, G. H., Jr., 148,151. 156. Mark, George, 589. Marks, John L., 871. Marlaud, William, 791-2. 796. Marsh, Alphonso, 683. Marsh, Daniel J., 037. Marsh, Frederick M.. 844. Marsh, George W., 507. Marsh, Lucius B., 23, 642. Marsh, William R., 196, 199. Maronv, James, 274. Marshall, G. E., 604, 607-8, 610. Marshall, Isaac N.. 161. Marshall, Joseph A., 543. Martin, Augustus P.. 797. 800-1. Martin, Benjamin F.. 249. 737. Martin, George T., 577, 737-8. Martin, Henrv, 8C3-4. Llartin, Knott V., 182, 359. Martin, Oramel, 860. Martin, Svlvanus, 869. Martin?, William F., 249. Martland, William J., 230, 692. Mason, Albert, 576. Mason, Augustus. 034. Mason, Edward B. 756, 760. Mason, Eugene J., 1.58, 603. Mason, James M., 264, 870. Mason. William E., 139, 706. Mather, Joseph, 870. Matthews Albert E.. 784. Matthews, Henry, 391. Matthewson James R., 168. Mavhew, Abijah L., 169. Mavloan, John W., 693. Mavo, Charles H., 205, 735. Mavo, Thomas A., 436, 438. McAOister, Robert. 111. 217, 271. McArdle, James, 419, 692. McCaft'ertv, James E., 190, 193. McCafferty, M. J., 382; 385, 860. I^IoCartney, John B. 7S6. McCartney, Wm. H., 785-6-7. McClearn, Stuart F , 1S4, 737. MeClellan, Georue W., 36. McCollister, John Q. A., 667. McConville, Henrv, 383, .391. McCon\1llc, Michael P.. 860. I\IcC'ourt. liobcrt W., 275. McCoy, T. P., 592. McCuilum, James, .858. McCurdv, Wilbur G.. 833-4. McCurdv, William B., 166 McDavitt, James 7-38, 869. McDermott, Felix, 345" ' INDEX. 1023 McDonald, George F., 43">. INk'DonaM, James W.. MS, 211. McDonald. John A.. 419. McDoiKiuyrh. John. 110. MfFaHainl Charles. 22. Jk-Karlanil. Thus.. 139. rcXi, 708. McFailin. William S., 13tJ, 281. McGee. Janu'.s 767. Mc(;iiinislien, C. B.. 193. Mi'GiMth. John, 151. Mc(;ieiror. John H . 371, 776. MiCin-ior. JohnW.. 642. .M(-e;iw(>r. Muniofk, 498. M((iuna,y:li' James F.. 190. Mflntire, James A.. 429. McKav, (Jordon, 847. McKav, John, Jr.. 142. McKav, Thomas y\.. ;i21. ISIcKay. M'illiam. 416. MfKeever, i^amuel. 264. MeKendrv, Ari-hibald, 756, 763. McKenna, Andrew t\, 188, 722. McKeon. Michael. 382. McLauirhlon, X. B., 107, 449, 624, 629, 702, 714. McManns. I'arker W., 402. ]\IcN'amara, Michael, 274. MuXaniara. M. H., 189. 195. McQucstitm, Joseph, 400. McSv.eeney. Edward. 189, 192. MeTavish, Alexander, 217. :Meacham, Geor^'c A.. 264, 267. Meader, Charles E., 763. Mcader, Samuel II.. 869. Meairher, Thomas F., 424-5. Mellen. W. K. (;., 871. Melius. Edward II., 735. Melvin. Mauriee. 860. Mercer. F. W., 042, 716, 770 Merriarti, Anne 1'., 61. Meniam, Sidney A., 603. Merriam. A\'., 2(W. 26S, 270, 272. Jlerrill, Edward. Jr.. 622. Merrill, ICdward R., 742. Merrill, Edwin K.. 525. Merrill, CoorKeS.. 145-6. Mci rill, Henrv T., 274. Merrill, Moses B.. 645. Merrill, AVilliam F.,7:i5. Merritt, Charles INI.. 182, 293. iMerritt, Daiuel W.. S:^?. MerritT, <;eorge W.. 737. INIerrilt, llenrv, 359. 361. Merritt. llenrv A.. 732. Merritt. Ira A., 264. Men itt. William II., 184, 187. Mcrrv. E. N.. 6.50. Mcscrve, Ilarrv, 496. Meserve, Stephen E., 205. Meserve, William N.. 737. Mcss.i!'j:er. ^Villiam I)., 682. Mcs-;,-r, C:irlos I'., 149, 0.54. Mc.sscrvv. Ben jamin F., 143,282. Metcalf,"\\illiam. 2G4. Midcley. Alfred E., 204. ^lifiin, lien jamiii C. 650. Mil< s. Euirene T., 667, 670. Milrs, Nelson A.. 347. Milis. Thomas. 777. Mil.s. Walter. 742. Miller. Hem-v II. F., 5S5. :Miller. Jaeoi). H47. Tililler, James. 777. :Mi!ler, Ozro. 197, 199, 200. Milliken, Frank J.. 161. Milis, Charles J.. 692. aMilton. Rieliard S . 829, 833. Milton, William F., 312. Milwai'd, Benjamin F., 710. Minot, Edvvaid J., 634. Miriek. Franklin B.. 52.5, 5-l(). Mitelicll, Amini K., 777. Mitchell, Benjamin L.. 181, 737. IMiteliell. Frank A.. 093. MiteheU, llenrv H . 148, 5S'.). Miteliell, John'W.. 143. -Alitehell. Lehliens H , 497. Mitchell, Orel) F 604. Miteiiell, I'ele^'. 174. Miteliell, William. 419. IMitehell William B.. 207, 2is. Molineux. E. L.. 772. Jlonroe, Charles. ,576. Monroe, F. Le ]5aron, 785. Monroe, James, 1.57. Monroe. William II.. 145. Montairue, George L., 563, 505, 50!). 573. l^Ionteith William. 31. 419, 420. Montiromery James, 673. Moody, Austin, 719. Moudv, Joseph E., 711. Moodv, M. T., 564, 568-0 570. Mooney. Thomas, 189, 194. Moor, Augustus. 513. Moore Henry, 467 Moore, James B., 719. Moore, John W . 402. Moore, Maclelland. 207, 419 421. Moore, Marcus, 743. Moore, Matthias J.. 852. Moore, Samuel, 410. Moors, John F.. 663. • Moran, John 189. Morehouse, llenrv M., 637. I^Iorey, Allwrt J., 650. Morey, Benjamin A., 651. Morey. Benjamin F.. 468. Morgan, P. Woodliridge, 564. ISIorgan, Richard E.. 503. Mornaii. Shapley, 162. Morrisev. John, 138. MorriU.'charlcs A.,738. Morrill, Edward D.. 856. Morrill, Edward H. 719. Morrill, Edward 1'., 844-5. Morrill, (icorge, II., 274. Morrill, Lucius H., 743 777. Morrill, William B.. 218. Morris. William U., 346. Morrison, Charles P,. 645. Morrison, David. 549. Morse, Augustus. 28. 327. 3:J2. Morse. Cliarles F.. 114, 125, 128, 131 2, 134. Morse, Charles F„ 2.36. !Morse, Edwin A., 543. Morse, l-Yank C, 563. Moi-se, (ieorge J., 711-2. Morse, Henry U.. 142, 145. ISIorse, Horace F.. 467. ^Morse, Samuel, 414. l^Iortimer, C. C. E.. 785, 797-8. Morton, Charles H.. 706. INIorton, Joseph W.. 7(!7, 776. Morton Nathaniel 138. Motlev, J. Lothrop, 95, 114. Motlev, Thomas L.. Jr.. 114 ]\Iotlev, T. Lawrence, 743, 749. Jlotte'. Ellis L.. 8-19. 851. Moult >n. II. W., 480; do. 5S9. Moulton. Orson, mi. 386, 860. Mowrv, John O.. ()82. Mudire, Charles E . 100. Mudire, C. It, 114. 12;j, 125-6. :yiad-e. John G., 607. Mudu'c William P.. 497, 499, 502. MuUallv. John E.. 274. Muller, August. 311. Mulligan, James E.. 776. Mulligan, Simon, 590. Mullov. John B.. 504. .Mumford. Budley C, 294, 305. Munger, Lewis. 765. Munn, Joliii. 212. Minn-oe, Hoiaee E.. 18L -Muni-oe. James .39.3. 3'.Hi. .Mum-..e. Lewis E., 643. 711, 713. .Munroe, Loreli/.o I).. 7(»8. Munroe. Tinn.thv. IHL lis3. Munroe, William IL. 710. Munroe, William V.. 208. Mini.sell, Ck'orge N., .525. Munsey. llugli J . 184 8tW. i^Iunvan. .M.nisou E.. 204. .Munli, (;eorj.'c W.. 220. Murdo. k, .Mbcrl M.. 097, 704. Murdock. Josejih. 6:i5. Murkland Jt^in. 259. Murray, ICllen 61. Murray, (icorge, 8.33. Mussev, (;cori;e B. 082. IMuzzey, David ]'. :i59, C14, 775. Muzzey, Hiram C.. 161. Muzzev, Loring W.. 220. Myers, Joseph P.. 208. Mvrieli, (;eorge. 151. Naglee, Henry M., 103, 210. Nash, Fi'aneis A.. r76. 735. Nason. Joseph, 347. 8(H). Neat, Samuel N., 235. Needham, Sumner IL. 159. Nelson, Alvah P., 603. Nels(m, (Jeorge S.. 589, 598. Nelson, I.srael B., .570. Nelson. John A.. 4.53. Nesmith, John, 44, .50. Nettleton. E, P. 467. 473, 470. Neuort, Pdchard A.. 6)7. Newl)urv, Dwight 261. Newconih, En, Aiitipas. 6!)3. Newl .■', Charles B.. 151, 731. Newt .11, i.'alph W..24 NiehnN, ..c.r^'ct;.. 7:18.869. Nichols, (ieorge N.. 642. Niehol.s, Il.-nrv W.. 179 Nichols, James B.. 372. Nichols, James W.. 737. Nieiiols, Josei>h T , 682. Nichols, Kol.ert C. 849. 850. Nichols, William. 05L : do. 710. Nichols, William. Jr.. 734. Niel)uhr, Caleb E.. 739. 740. Nielnihr, I-Yederick (;.. 740. Niles. Horace. 142. 526, 530. Niles. Peter IL 3' 9. Nims, Ormand F. 790. 796. Noble, Jo.-, 055. Powers, Andrew A.. 151, 15G. Powers, (Jeorfrc H., 710. Powers, Lyman A., 018. Pratt, Aloii/.o D., 507, 522. Pratt, Uen.iainin F., 520. Pratt, Charles A.. 018. Pratt, Cliarles U. M., 230. Pratt, I'raneis H.. 220. Pratt, II. \V.. l.->8 507-8, 515, .520. Pratt, J. Albert. 093 Pi-att, .lames A., 007 ; do. G73. I^-att. :\!vroii r., 742, 745. Pratt, Otis, 407. Pi-att, Wheeloek, 682, 691. Pratt William. 371. Prav, diaries F.. 291. Pray, Keuel 15.. 274, I'l-esudtt, Albert, 543, 698, 701. Preseott, Calvin H., 740. Preseott, 1). Moodv, 497. Preseott, Georjre II.. S29, 833. Preseott, (J. L., 149. 479, 484,490. Preseott, IMorrill. 788. Pi-eston, Daniel J., .520. Preston, William, 2.50. Priest, (ieor^'e E.. 008, 097. Pi-iest, Jolni I).. 092, 094. Prime. fSaninel S.. 293. Pi-incc, Frederiek O.. 09. Prince, James P., 340, 350, 542. P*i'inee, John T.. Jr., 371. Prinee, Josejih B., Jr., 453. Proetor, Albert R., 01 8, 738, 869. I^'oetor, Alfred A' , 018. Proctor, Patrick S.. 264. Prout, Ilenrv G., 097. Prouty, (Jeorge W., 158, 058. Proutv, Jo 1 II., 058. n-outy, Merriek F., 382. Pryor, Ituser A., 561. Pulsifer, AUit d 11., 161, 731. Putnam, Arthnr A., 250. 731. Putnam, Cieorjre U., 182, 054. Putnam, H. 8 , 780 Putnam, John C, 312. Putnam, AV. A . 197, 092. 694. Putnam, William L., 312. Quiney, Edward G.. 024. Qulncy, llem-y A., 148. Quincv, Sam. JI., 114. 123, 124. Quint, Alonzo H., 113, 121. KaftVrty, John H., 189. 192 Band, A. A., 05. 743, 770, 779. Kami, Charles E., 100 108. Rand, Frederiek II. 777, 784. Rand, George W., l.")8, 161. Rand, Janus W . 710. Rand, Leonard, 054. Rand. Th.imasB.. 496. Rand, William B., 043, 869. Randall Ansel B.. 092, 096. Ransom, ^\■allaee R.. 7;i8. Ray, Albert F 742, 777. Rav, William, 140. Raymond, Charles. 136, 169,173. Raymond, Curtis B.. 870. Raymond, Ivlward T. 543. Ravmond, John W .182,359,369. Rea, Mason A.. 372. 379. Read, J. Sewell. 755. 760. Read, S. Tyler, 707, 709. Read, Theodore. 779. Reade, John. 010, 098. Record, Lewis L , 369. Reddinjr, Granville G., C4;3,693. Reddinir, William F., 37l. Redmond, I'hilip E., 189, 194. Reed, Arthur, 034. Reeil, ( harlrsl., 78. Reed, Uavid, 073. 079. Reed, Edmund J., 419. Reed, Kdward P., 220. Reed, (Jeorire W., 169. Reed. Ilenrv W.,731, Reeil, James W.. Jr., 829, 833. Reed, John D., 5'.)0. Reed, Julius II., 14, 39, 40. Reed, l-evi, 4, 44. Reed, Nathaniel K , 453. Reed, TiniDlliv, 576. Reed, Williani U.. 188. Reeves, Robert W . 054, 809. Reinhardt, Fn d W.. 802, 806. Reminicton, Charles (i., 870. Remington, L. M., 197. Reminicton William II , 735. Rennie, Zenas C.. O.M Reno, Jesse L, 329, .528, Revere, Edward II. R.. 313, 317. Revere. Paul J., 35, 311, 313, 319, ;i20. Reynolds, Frank W., 030. Revnolds, (leorjre, .Jr., 139. Reynolds, John P., Jr., 29.3. Rhoades, Chas. W. C, 014, 784. Rhodes. Robert, 590. Riee, Albert R., 6.50. Riee, Alexander II.. 78, 90. Rice, Charles E., 743. 750, 78-1. Riee, E., 293. 300-1, 303-4 406. Riee, Francis B., .542. Rice, George M.. Jr., 731. Rice, James II , 294. Riee, J. Man-us. 3S2. Rice, Jos. P., 328, 3;iO, 332, .335. Riee. Leonard B.. 003. Rice, L. Frederick, 407. Rice, William B., 1.50. Rice, William V., :W6, 784. Rich Charles O.. 035. S70 Rich. Stephen, 480. Richards. Charles II.. 497. Richards, Darius P , 710. 722. Richards Kinrene II., 604. Richards, J<%n T., 750. Richards, Silas N.. 738. Richardson Charles F., 634. Richardson, Chas. T , 430, 449. Richardson. Edward B., 034. Richardson, E. C.,372, 379. 380. Richardson, Edwin F., 130. .347. Richardson, Enirene B., 187. Richardson, (icurtje F.. 822 Richardson, II. II.. 182. 328, ail. Richardson, I. B., 101. Richardson, Ivory N.. 275. Richardson, James M., 327. 029, ()32. 7:34-5. Richardson, James P., 136, 576, 578. 580, 585. Richardson. J. Henry, 383, 738. Ricliardson, John A.. 160. Richardson, John H.. OtKl Richardson, John L, 590. Richardson, Lorinj: S.. 2.36, 735. Richardson. Moses A., 14.3. Richardson, Nathaniel, !557. Richardson, Rnt'us. 092. Richardson. Sam. W., 264, 268. Richardson. Spencer W.. 629. Riehanlson. Thonuis C, 2a5. Richardson. William A.. 576. Richardson. Win. E.. 827. 496. Richmond, Benjamin 11. , 145. Richmond, Josiah A., 063. Richmond, Lucius, 743, 777. Richmond. Silas P.. 138, 705. Riehter, Ileiuv JL. :5S3. Rick.r. John W., 64.5. Riley. Jolm. 419. Ripley, E/ra. 4 .6, 44;^. Ripley, John, 220. 227. Ripley, Royal S., 4."i3. Ripley, Thomas W.. 508. Ritchie. James. 4. 64. Ritchie, John, 67.3. Rivers, Charles ('., 217. RoaMi, Thomas K., 190. Roads, Abial S., Jr.. 182. Road.s, Samuel. 181. i«}. Roads, William S.. 182. Robbins, Charles T., 7:3.5. Robbias, Edwaril L.. 1:38,731. Rohbiu.s. Eliphalet IL. 614. Robbins, James \.. 097. Roberts, Charles W., 284. Roberts, (ieorjci! INL, 710. Roberts, Jerome E.. 092. Roberts, Oliver A.. (i54. Roberts, Samuel II.. 611. Robertson. George C. 208. Robeson, Thomas R., 120. Robinson, Albert B.. 622. Robinson, ( harles S.. 824. Robinson, (has. T.. 156. 168-9. Robinson, Henry S.. 54:1 Robinson, Iliram. 145. Robinson, John C., ,564. 574. Robinson, John G.. 045. Robinson, John II., ('A5. Robinson, John L.. 184, 187. Robinson, .John T.. 39-1. Robinson. Sherman .S., ;301. Robinson, William. :57: do. 838. Robinson. William FL. 149. Roche, David W.. 2(i5, 209. Roche, Mam-ice. 73(). Rt)ckwell. W. W.. 468, 471. Rockwood, Georjce W.. 251, 25:3. Kockwood, Elihu H.. 564. 7:-.8. Rodman, Thomas U., .570, 580. Rodman. Willi.im L.. .576. 57a Rogers, B. Fr.-.nk. »». 497. Rogers. Eli.iah P.. ;.>93. 738. Rogers, George A.. 782. Rogers, Francis P. II. , 265-6. Rogers, James C. 046, 735. Rogers, John L., 100. Rogers, John W.. 168. Rosrers, Otis. i:30. :i59. Rolfe. Frank A.. 2.-0. TiM, 726. Rollins, Ilenrv (J.. 64.5. Rollins. J( ImR., 14.5. Rollin.s, Williani E., 8.37, 842. Rolston, John. 014. Roome, WiUiam J., 250. Roonev, Peter J., 782. Root. Adrian P.. 227. Ropes, Ilenrv. .320. Rose, George W.. 496. Rll, Cromwell G., 189, 191. Rowse, Albert, K56-7. Royce, Charles II.. 697. Rovce, Harrison A.. .327. Ruhv. George C.. 281. 286. Rudilerham. William E., 646. Ruirer. Thomas J.. 133. Rumery, William JL, 755, 764. 1026 I^^DEX. Rnncllett. James H., 655. Rundlett. Tavlor P.. 576. EusseU. Cabot J.. 637. 676. Russell, Charles G.. 2;29, Russell. David A., 109, 174, 573. Russell, Edward, 776. Russell. Edward J.. 735. Russell. E. K.. 793-3, 820-1. Russell, George B. , 576. Russell. Henrv S.. 55, 65, 114, 121. 7.55, 7*30, 781-2-3. Russell, Ira, 209. Russell. James D.. 293. Russell, Thomas, 182. 359. 362. Russell. Warren I).. 381, 285. Rust, Charles S., 467. Rust, Fordyce A.. 468. Ryan, John D., 719. Ryder, G., Jr., 496, 498, 504. Salisburj% Norton S., 848. Salla, Joseph R., 802-3, 847-8. Salter, Richard H.. 99. Salter, Thomas F., 149, 347, 350, Saltmarsh, Edward C, 220. Sampson, Augustus 2Sr.. 235. Sampson, Christopher C, 294. Sampson, Heratio C, 145. 870. Sampson, IraB., 731-2. Sampson, James M., 145. Sampson, Orange S., 345. Sampson, Walter S., 158, 346. Samson, Jonathan H., 382. Sanborn, Charles H., 419. Sanborn, Eben K., 467-8. Sanborn, George W., 845. Sanborn, John"C.,,6S4. Sanborn, SUas, Jr., 735. Sanderson, Augustine. 624. Sanderson, John W., 658. 697. Sanderson, Joseph, Jr., 617. 622. Sanford, Charles D., 402, 413. Sanford, Miles, 401, 405. Sanford, MjTon S., 731. Sanford, Mrs. E. H.. 208. Sanger. George J., 617. Sargent, BaUev, 732. Sargent, Daniel T., 371. Sargent, Horace B., 742, 745, 748. 7.53. Sargent, Joseph W., 249. Sargent, Lorenzo D., 613-4, 769, 772, 774. Sargent, Lucius M., Jr., 113, 741, 749, 753, Saunders, Charles, 646. Saunders. Gllman. 220. Saunders, John. 862-3. Saunders, Robert A.. 100. Saundersf)n, Charles B., 184. Saunderson, Elbridge Z., 182. Savage. Cyrus. C18. Savage, James. Jr.. 114, 119, 120. Savage, James S., 858. Savage, Samuel G., 269. Saville, Henn- M.. 142. Saville, JohnF., 737. Sawin, John P., 844. Sa\\in. Robert L., 78.5-6. Sawtell, Edward D., 161. 164. Sawtell, J. H.. 1.58-9. 393, 396. Sawyer, Anson D., 114. Sawyer, B. Addison, 6.54. Sawyer, Christopher. 543. Sawyer, Fredeiiek A., 603. Sawyer. John S.. 161. Sawyer, Joseph H., 542. Sawyer, Wesley C.. a59, ."361. Sawyer. AVilliam IL. 345. Saxton, Rnfus, 57. 58. Sayles. John A.. 436. Scanlan, Michael. 189. Scanlan, WUliam G.. 251. Scarv, George W., 467. Schmidt, George A., 312. Schoepf. Alban, 167. Schoff, Robinsfcn N., 646. Schouler, James, 624. Schouler. William. 3. Scott, Frank N. 576. Scott, Henry B., 779. Scott, H. D., 809, 811, 813, 858. Scott, James S.. 697. Screiber, Robert C. H., 236. Scully, Thomas. 189. Seamans. William H., 453. 614. Sears. C\tus A., 6a4. Sedgwick, William D.. 114. 123. Seeiey, Montressor. 156. Severance. Franklin C. 663. Seward, John B., 184. Sewell. John S., 187. Shackley, Jc)nas. 738. Shannon, Augustus V.. G51. Sharp, James E., 264, 269. Sharp, James L.. 139. Shatswell, Nathaniel, 249, 724. Shattuck. Abijah H.. 667. Shattuck, E. Lincoln. G22. Shattuck, Fi-ederick R.. 220. Shattuck, Geo. F.. 157. 161, 166. Shattuck, Milton B.. 249. Shattuck, Samuel W.. 157. Shaw, Benj. A., 139. 731, 733. Shaw, George L.. 643. Shaw, John H., 735. Shaw, Levi, 293. Shaw, Oren E., 742. Shaw. R. G.. 54-5. 114, 672. 676. Shaw. William, 638. Sheehan, Robert, 168. Sheen, Daniel A.. 821. Sheen, William G., 589. Shelton, Henry S.. 188. Shepard, Allen. 312. Shepard, Charles H., 148. Shepard, Da\id L.. 143. Shepard, Edw. O.. 480, 490. 493. Shepard, Jared, 642. Shepley, George F.. 454. Sherive, George, 617. Sherman, Edgar J.. 166, 646. Sherman, Eleazer C, 4. Sherman, Horace B., 1(>8. Sherman, James L., 368. Sherman, Robert T., 651. Sherman, Zaccheus, 143. Sherwin, T., Jr.. 346, 350. 35-2. Shipley. Samuel D., 158, 453, 460, 46.3-4. Shivcrick, Freeman H., 743. Shumwav. Solomon C, 328. Shurtleff, Flavel, 196. Shurtleff, Hiram S., 693. Shm-tleff, N. B., Jr., 220. 223. Shurtleff. Arilliam S.. 637. Shute, Alonzo M., 347. Shute, James M., 4. Shuto, James M., Jr., 151. Sias. Chauncev R., 851. Siblev, Frederick H., 543, .549. Sibley, Henrv R.. 436. Sigfried, Joshua K.. 340, 554. Siggins, Thomas. 651. Silver, Jesse C. 1.58. Sim, John W.. 755. Simmons, Benjamin F., 716. Simonds, Clark S.. 251. 257. Simonds, George B.. 262. Simonds, Harrison O.. 813, 815. Simonds. .Joseph R., 275. Simons. Charles F.. 249. Simpkins. William H., 673, 676. Simpson. ^U'chibald, 189, 195. Sinclaii-, Robert B., 731. Sinclair, Vrilliam F., 187. Siskron, Samuel F., 738. Sissons, H. Dwight, 651. Skinner, Linens C, 402. Skinner. Richard. 871. Slack, Charles B.. 795, 849, 851. Slade. James H., 577. Sleeper, Jacob, 4. Sleeper, Jacob H., 149, 786-7, mi, 840, 842. Sleeper, John S., 90. Sloan, Sardus S.. 252. Sloan. Timothy W.. 402. Smart. Elisha. 196. 199. Smith, Albert E.. 732. Smith, Andrew M.. 603. Smith, Asa, 834, 841. Smith, Charles P.. 429. Smith, Cyrus B.. 507. Smith, Daniel F., 149. Smith, David C, f 2-^. Smith, Da\-id P.. 281. Smith, DeWitt S., 651. Smith, Fi-ancis M.. 646, 710. Smith, Fi-ank M., 646. Smith, George H.. 99. 869. Smith, George W., 292. Smith, Henrv A.. 710. Smith, H. Walworth, 777. Smith, Israel. 496. Smith, James B., .383, 543. Smith, James G., 637. Smith, James W.. 508. Smith, Jane B., 61. Smith, John E., 436, 576. Smith. Levi N.. 543. Smith, :Melvin S., 235. Smith, Norman, 157. Smith, Orin E., 673. Smith, Otis B.. 731. Smith, Philip. 738. Smith, Robert. 867. Smith, Rufus W., 756, 763. Smith, Walter B.. 564. Smith, Wm. A.. 265 ; do. 604. Smith, William H. B., 100. 101. Smith, William V., 2S1, 030. Smith, William W., 274, 279. Smvth, Thomas A.. 429. Snelling. William W., 797. Snow, Charles A., 138. Snow, George W.. 419. Snow, HeniT A., 100. Snow, JIatthias N.. 182. 184. Snow, Wan-en K., 791, 795-6. Snow. William F., 151. Snow. WiUiam H., 732. Solev,' Alexis C, C08. Soule. Charles C.. 629. 683. Soule, Charles A\'.. 625. Soule, Horatio S., 692. Soule, Josiah. Jr., 625, 716. Soule, Lewis, 143. 145, 870. Soule, William T., 777. Souther, Edward E.. 845. Southwick Ben.iamin F., 1.56. Spalding, John L., 282. Spalding, William H.. 166. Sparks. Josiah H., »49. Sparrell, James N., 282. Spaulding, George H., 382. Spaulding. Mark H., 402. ( CS. Spaulding, Samuel J., 645. Spaulding. William, 156. Spear, Asa A.. 664. Spear, Edward A., 143, 589. Spear, Joseph E., 811. 815. Spear, Joseph T., 622, 637. Spear, Vivian K., 576. INDEX. 1027 Spear. William T., 589, 597. Speifrle, Charles. 114. Spencer, Cliarles B., 643. Spl;iine. Henry, 274. 279. Sputturd, .lolinA.. 293. SpiifFord. H. S.. Jr.. (59. Sponner. Saiiiiul U.. (i37. Sprajriie. Aucuslu.s H. U., 382, ;!«.") ti. O.VS, (iOI. 730. hGO-1. Sprni,'ue. Cliiirles. 143. Sproiil. Charles L., 71»;. Spiirr. Thomas J.. 257. Staekpele. J. Lewis, 373. StutTord. Frederick K., 158. .stall, Willia.ni H., IfiH. Stannard, (ieor!;e J., 3(«, 391 Staliwond. Kheii P., 64.5. Staii\vhensoii. Luther, Jr., 143, 479. 484, 487. 490. Sterlins,'. Edwin R., 776. Stevens. A. IL. Jr., 742. 744, 776. Stevens, Charles B., 042. StcveiLS, Charles IL, 200. Stevens. Darius N., 1,58. 054. Stevens, l-;dward L.. 080. Stevens, Ceorjrel).. 809. Stevens, (!. Frank. 014. Stevens, Isaac L. 109. Stevens, .rames T.. 142, 022. Stevenson, Hannah E.. 61. Stevenson, \i. IL. 371. 377 379. Stevenson. Thomas (i.. 23, 80, ia5. 371. 370; 406. 030. 093-4. Stewart, (Jeorse M., 022, 038. Stewart. James. Jr.. 392. Stiekney, Albert, 042. Sticknev. John B.. .525. Stiles, ('harlesD.. 807. Stiles, I->ederiek G.. 017. 022. Stiles. John \V.. 239. Stinipson, Kdward S.. 683. Stocker, Alfred A.. 138. 705. Stoddard. Charles B.. 014. Stoddard, Charles K., 328-9. Stoddard, (ieorije G.. 149. Stoddard. John S., 2:K. Stokes, Stephen D.. 603. Stone, Andrew L., 634. Stone, Augustus, 737. Stone, A. W.. 7.50. Stone, Benjamin. Jr.. 208, 211. Stone, Charles. 014. 775. Stone, Charles B.. 014. Stone, Ebcn F.. 04.5. Stone. Ebenezer W., 14. 28. Stone, E. W.. Jr., 100. 718. Stone, OeorseH.. 393. Stone, (Joodwin A.. 7.56, 701. Stone, Henrv. 182. 184. Stone. IlenrV V. B., 120. Stone. John E.. 149. Stone, Lincoln R., 11.3. 119, 072. stone, Lucian IL. 0t3. Stone, Silas E.. 359. Stone. Virtidan K.. 281. Storer, Newman W., 822, 824. Storrow, Charles. 029. Storrow, Samuel. 134. Storrs. Charles ()., 059. Ston-s, Samuel J., C()3. Storv, Edward A.. 182, 359. Storv, Isaac N.. 188. Stott. Charles A.. 161. Stover, Joshua >L, 717'. Stowe. Andrew F., 055. Stowed, Brown P., 018. Strachan. William. 189. Strattou, Joel A., 007. SLrceter. Sebastian R., 719. StroUiLC, Oeorge C.. 675. Stuart, J. E. B., 750. Stuart, Joseph. 24G. Studley, John M.. 2.51. 658. Sturgis, Edward. 322. Sturgis, Henrv IL. 312. Sturtris, Russell, Jr.. (i34, 870. Sturgis, Thomas, 710. Sullivan. Henry D.. 029. Sullivan, Humphrey. 419. Sullivan, Jeremiah," 719 Sullivan. John. 424. Sully. Alfred. 2.57. 803. Sumner, Arthur, 01. Sumner, Charles. 50, 84. Sumner, Edward A., 024. .Sumner, Sanuiel B., 050. Sumner, William F., 149. Sunbury, Horaee A., 719. Sutherland, Wm. IL, 100. 105. Swailes, Stt^iihen A.. 57, 080. Swain, Abrai!i O., 782. Swain, Julius M., 589. Swan, Louis \V.. 790. Swan, William R., 148. Sweeney, Hem-y J.. 312. Sweet, fieorge IL. 051. Sweet. JohuT., 208. Sweet, Thomas ^L. 371. Sweetser, FYancis ;^L. 156. Sweetser. Marshall P., 150. Sweetser, Theodore H., 69, 78. Sweitzer, Jacob. 355. Swift, Elijah. ,576. Swift. John L., 614. Swift. Oliver P., 101. Swift, R. Jiijilev. 402. Swords. Henrv L., 710. Spnonds, John IL, 347. Taber. Freeman A., 436. Taft, Henrv S.. 2,52. Taft, Jerom(> K., 670. Taft. Roscoe ('.. 651. Tassard, Alfred (i., 274. TafTjiard, LYaiik W.. 249. Talbot, Benjamin F.. 614. Talbot, Tristram. 808. Tannatt. T. R., 2'.7-8, 7^, 727. Tapley, Warren, 181. Tappan, Lewis W., Jr., 6.35. Tarbox, John K., 145. Tav, Cvrus L.. 480. Tavlor, Charles A., 1.59. Tavlor, (Jeortre IL. 4.3.5. 450. Taylor, (!eorj;e W.. 802-3. Tavlor, Lucius C, fitM. Tavlor, Nathan. 106. Tavlor, Xelson. 22.5. Tavlor. Samuel A.. .328. 7.38. Tavlor, Theodore K.. 0.30. Teiiffe. Timothv. 207. Teasue, John ll. 1S9. Teblietts. Albi.m W.. 490, 504. Temple, Theron. 382. Terrv. A. IL. 074. Terrv. T. W.. 809. 819. 8.50. Teutin. Eugene G.. 719. Tewksbury, John, 754. Thaxter, Samuel, (;3l. Thayer. Enos W., 3'.I3. .399. Tha\-er, J. Henrv. 603. Thaver, John. 188. Tha.\ .T, John ]•'.. 024. 692. Thayer. Lucius F.. 402. Thaver. Lucius M., 6.59. Thayer. Roval W.. 740. 870. Thaver, Theodore .\., tsay Thoburn, Jo.seph. 51.3. 521. Thomas, Benjamin. 776. Thomas, Benjamin F.. 90. Thomas, Charles E., 770. Thomas, i;76. Thompson, George W., 50H. 519. Thompson, James, .371. Thompson, J.-iim-s B.. 20.5. Thompson, John B,, 30."). Tliompson, -Tohn 1).. 035. ThomiKson, John .T.. 347. Thompson, .Joseph P.. 497. Thompson, Levi P.. 274. 280. Thompson. Samuel 1. 347. .3.50. Thompson, Warren, 220. Thompson, Willi;im O.. 720. Thompson, Wm. L., 15L 156. Thompson, Zadoe, .Tr., 168. Thornilik.'. AToert. 2!H. TlK.rne, William, 880. .507. Thurl)er, James 1).. O.'^?. Tibbett.s. PhineaslL, 148. TibbetLs. William IL. .308. Ticknor, Benjamin H., 035. 731. Tidd, Luke R., 590. Tifft, Lewis A., 187, 037. Ti-he. .John A.. 448. Tilden, Albert, 893, 400. Til.l.-n. Charles L., Jr.. 312. Tileston, Charles E., 004. Tileston, (;ei'rev, William IL. 6n3. Torrv". Bobert, Jr.. 62.5. Tourtelotte. J. M.. .3.59. Tower. Elisha C. 0.3S. Tower. Zealous B.. 224. Towlc. Samuel K., 249, 453. Towne, Laiu-ii. 61. Townsend. Albert H.. 6-13. Townsend. .lohii P.. 700. Town.send. S. I).. 29. TownsheiuL George M.. 843. Traev. Hem-v. 717. Traf ton. John W.. 402. Train, Charles R.. 92. Ti'ain, Horaee D.. ()51. Trask. L\inan P.. 7S8. Traver. Samuel C. 196. Treadwell. J. P... 1.50, f.34, 722. Treuiain. Alfred F.. 453. 1028 INDEX. Tremlett, Henry M., 311, 589, 599, 601. Tripp, Charles M., 815. Tripp. George L., 166. Tripp, Porter D., 207, 209, 211. Tripp, Willard D.. 436, 449. Trott, Alexander, 735. Trotter, James M., G82. Trull Ezra J.. 590. Trull, G. G., 790. 792, 803, 808. Trull, Samuel C. 654. Trumbull. Charles P.. 507. Tucker, Charles E., 673. Tucker, Francis H., 114. Tucker, James, 382. Tucker, Joseph. 651-2. Tucker, J. M., 543, 698, 700-1. Tucker, Lewis N., 281. Tucker, Pavson E.. 205. Tufts, Gardiner. 36. Tufts, George W., 274, 280. Tm-ner, Hem-y A., 624. Tm-ner, James n.. 371. Tiu-ner, Na.aman II.. 490. Turner. William H., 274. Tuttle. Augustus S., 543. Tuttle, Daniel, 1,58. Tuttle, Daniel W.. 667. Tuttle, William W.. 624. Tyler, Charles M.. 355. Tyler, E. B.. 180. 641, 863. Tvler, Fi'ederiek G., 869. Tvler, Gefirge G., 625. Tyler, Jonas K.. 435. Tvler, Mason W.. 564, 573-4. Tyler. PhiUp II., 797, 799. Tvler, Robert O.. 509. Tvler. Warren, 542. Tyler, William H., 401. Tyler, William N., 187. Underwood, Adin B., 114, 115, 496, 498. 502. Upham, Chas. M.. 625. 705, 708. Uph£lm, Charles W., 668. Upham, C. L., 417. Upton, Albert P.. 525. Upton, Charles E.. 390. Upton, Edward, 31; do. 867. Upton, Edwin, 382, 386. Upton, William B., 654. Usher. Roland G., 181. A''alentine, William H.. 327. A'ani^e, Samuel C. 402. Van Loan, Lpnan W., 508. Vassell, Barnard B., 251. Vanghan, Benjamin. 719. Vaughn, Cyrus C.. 281. Vaughn, J ere C, 706. ^'augh]l, Varnum V.. 667. Viall, Henry, 776. Vilictt, Felix. 264. A'inal, J. F.. 614-5. 769, 772, 775. Vining. Daniel, 525. Vose,'Edward J., 496. Vose. Josiah H., 668, 671. Waehter. Philip, 820. Wade, James H., 577, 737. Wade, James P., 479. Wadsworth, John S., 569. Wagely. Lewis, 383. Waitt, Osgood W., 577. Walch, John A., 292. Walcott, Aaron F., 797. Walcott, Charles F., 74, 327, 339, 718, 869. Walcott, Huntington F, 766. Waldoek. James. 144. Waldron, Linton. 143. Wales, Benjamin R., 623. Wales, Hiram F., 142. Wales, >;., 525, 530, 5:34-5, 537. Wales, Sigourney, 683-4, 687. Wales, Thomas H., 634. Walker, Addison A.. 328. Walker, Albert C, 508, 514-5. Walker, Albert S.. 852. Walker, Amasa, 92. Walker, Charles A., 635. Walker, Charles B., 496. Walker, Fi-ancis A.. 251. Walker, Gardner. 99. 107. Walker, George M., 497. Walker, Hem-y, 142. 144. Walker, GUver H., 378. Walker, Robert W., .507. Walker, W. A., 402, 409. 414. Walkley, Lucius B., 197. 637. Wallace. George W., 655. Walleston, Edward A., 312. Wallis, Albert. 182. Wallis, Israel W., 184. WaUwork, Thomas. 158. Walsh, James. S.. 869. Walsh, John H.. 190. Walsh, Patrick. 189. Walton, James M., 673. Walton, Oliver 2d, 100. Ward, Alanson H.. 622, 719. WWd, Amasa D., 570. Ward, Charles G.. 372, 379. Ward, Edwin F., 576. Ward, Francis H., 100. Ward, G. H., 251, 253-4, 259, 650. Ward, Henry C. 698. Ward, John L., 651. Ward. Winsor M., 867. Warden, William W., 751. Wardrop, D. W., 4, 31, 82, 136. Ward well, David K., 40, 149, 346. 576. .578. WardweU, Jeremy B.. 249. Ware, John, 29. Ware, Moses E., 166. Ware, Robert, 629, 632. Warne. Joseph B.. 625, 716. Warner, Charles B.. 294, 296. Warner, George. 402. Warner, Oliver, 4, 44. Warren, Benjamin, 158, 393. Warren, Edward L., 340. Warren, H. M., 655, 710, 713. Warren, James G., 870. AVarren, J. Mason, 29. Warren, Lucius H., 480. Warren, Moses IL, 112. Warren, Orin, 337, 496, 498. Warriner, Stephen C. 543. Washburn, Andrew, 249. 724. Washbm-n, C, Jr.. 136, 576. AVashbiu-n Edward R.. 668. Washburn, Edward S., 658. Washburn, Emery, Jr., 589. Washbiu-n, F., 756, 776, 779. Washburn, George A., 347 Washburn, Oscar E., 136. Washburn, Thomas S., 158,328. Wasiiburn. William B.. 93. Washburn, William, Jr., 536. Washburne, .lei'ome. 870. Wass. Ansel D., 73. 1.58, 294. 290. 300-3, 300, 613-4. 716, 722, 769. Waterman, James 11., 637. Waterman, Samuel A., 622. Waters, Reuben K.. 327. Waters, IMehard B.. 4. Waters, William G.. 251. Watkins. Elbridge G., 382. Watson, B(>niamin F.. 157, 159. AVatson. Cliarles H.. 2.51. AVatson, Elisha F.. 207. AVatson. Samuel J., 709. AVatts, (ieorge, 184. AVeare, John F., 603. AVebb, Augustine P.. 606. AVebb, Joseph H.. 603. Webber, A. Carter, 624. Webber, Oliver H., 625. Webster, F., 24, 28. 30, 219, 224. Webster, Frederick IL, 080. AVebster,. Moses P.. 742, 777-8. Weeber, Charles W., 847-8. AVeir, Thomas, 275. AA'eleh, Charles P., 711. Welch, Horace B.. 756, 781. AVeld. Horace N., 74a 781, 783. AA'eld, Richard H.. 630. AVeld, Samuel T., 346. Weld, Stephen M., Jr., 692, 694. Weller, Israel C, 650. AA'elles, Henry C, 453. AVellington, Edward T., 756. AN'ellman, Carlos C, 563. Wellman. Joseph H., 642. Wells, Charles C, 190. AVells, Geo. D.. 99, 105, 507. .521. AVells, Gideon. 187. Wells, ThomSs R., 235. AVells, AVilliam L., 756. 700. WeUs. William W.. 651. AVelsh. Thomas, 423. 544. AVentworth, Henry A., 654. AVentworth, Lewis E., 148, 867: Wesselhoef, Selma, 61. AVesselhoeft. Reinhold. 312. West, James B., 431. Westcoat. Henry M., 869. AVeston, BjTon, 651. AVeston, George F., 289. Weston, JohnlL, 614. AVeston, Thomas, 282, 288. Wetherell. James H., 196, 204. AVevmouth, H. G. O., 114, 2:i4. 299. AVheat, James L., 782. Wheatland. George, 645. Wheaton, Charles *.. 113. AVheaton, C^tus M., 281. AVheeler, Asahel, 719. AVheeler, Charles. 196. Wheeler, Charles P.. 781. Wheeler, Henry. 637. Wheelei-, Henry L., 642. AA'heeler, Parmenas E., 371. Wheeler, Richard P.. 367. Wheeler, AA'illiam F.. 6.58. AVheeler, AVilliam J., 738. AVheelock, Henrv G., 634. AVheelock, Josejih. 169. AVheelock, Lucius A., 624. AVheel Wright, J. W., 480. 485. AVhelden, Charles M., 466. AVhidden, Joseph IL. 480. AVhipple, Amiel AV., .527. AVhipi>ie, George M., 359. Whiston, Edw!U-d A.. 264. Whitcomb. Charles AV., 246. AVhitcomb, Frank IL, 166. AVhiteomb, George F., 463. AVhitcomb, Hem-v, 236. AVhitcomb, John P., 168. AVhite, Austin J.. 539. White, Edward E., 589. AVhit(\ Edward P., 731. AVhite, Elisha M., 645. White. George T.. 860. AVhite, Isaac B.. 617. 623. White, James A.. 479. AA'hite, James C, 630, 731. AVhite, John E., 435. AVhite, John G. S.. 782. AVhite, John IL, 235. AVhite, John H. P.. 396. AVhite, Marcena B., 659. INDEX. 10251 White, Peter E.. 755. White. Hichard W., f83. White, Kubert, Jr., 6^2. White, Siiimiel F.. 618. Whit.'. 'I'nllMit AI.. 7.55. White. Wliitnian V., G97. White, Win. B., ;J89, 287-8. 291. White, Will. F., ICH, 7-12, 744. White. William (;., 220, 225. M'hito, ^\•illialll II.. 347, 740. Whitiii;,'. J'renti.ssM., 170. Whitman, Frank. 70.5. Whitman. Xathan ])., 430. Whitney, Addis.iii O.. 159. WhitiK-y. Allston W., 235, 240. M'hitnev. ( lareiice, 731. Whitney, Kihyard A.. 663. Whitney, Henry M., 663. Whitney, James JI.. 624. Whitney, Joseph II., 737 Whitney, J. Parker. 114. Whiton", JohnC. 624.70.5. Whitoii. Lyuiaii B., 480, 7:i4. Whitaker, Alex. H., 829, 830. Whitaker, Louis J{., 735. Wliittaker. LeNvis K.. 634. Whittemore. B. PYank. 459. 607. Whitteniore. Carter W.. 782. Whittemore. Eutrene, 138. Whittemore. Horace O., 142-4, 4.52. 4.5'.l, HiO. Whittemore. \A'oodbury, 328. Whitten. John H.. 207. Whittier, Charles A. ,311. Whilli.r. F. H.. 45:1 4.59, 460. Whittier. Samuel C„ 309. Whittle. Charh s P., 15], 150. Whittlesey. Klihu B., 190. Whitzel. (ieoru-e. 781. Whorf. John B..347. Whytal. Thoma.s G.. 624. Wie-raiKl. I'Yederic A., sas. Wij»iiles\yortli. Ed%y., Jr., 034. Wight, Lothrop. 2(i5. Whitman, James, 124. Wilbur, James L.. 139. 731. Wilbur OtisS.. 142, 740. Wilbur, William K., 737. Wilcox, Edw. K., 190, 402, 414. Wilcox, Henry C-, 394. Wilcox. Hem-y E., 190. Wild. E. A., 58. 99. F25-6, 528,684. Wilder, Burt (i.. 082. Wilder, David, Jr., 38. Wilder, Edward P., 809. Wildis, Fi-ancis A.. 111. Wiliv, (;e89. Wiley, John 2d, 205. Wilkir, Joshua H., 870. Willard, Josiah X.. 2!I3. Willai-.l. Samui'l. 073. Willard. Sidney. .520-7. 532. Willard. Well.s". 327. 335 Willry. JohnC. 199. Willcy. William II.. 393. Williams, A. S.. 116. Williams, C. F.. Jr.. .520, 028. Milliains, Charles II., 824. Williams, Horace B., 149, 347. Williams, Jesse S.. 3S0. Williams, J. Henry, 497. Williams, John B., 328. Williams, J. Otis, 220. Williams, :Milo M., Jr., 142. Williams, :Mnnroe F., ItiS. Williams, Philander. 14.5. Williams. U., (!4. 7 12.745; do..500. Williams, S. Alonzo. 004. Williams, TIk muis. 394. 4.54, 408. Williams, \\illiam B.. 114. 120. Willis, Henry A.. 0(i7. Willis, Warren W..737. Willis. William F.. 448. Willis. William R., 204. Williston, Leander A., 735. Wilson, Carlos B., 607. Wilson, George F., 782. Wilson. James, tUO, 049. Wilson. Hem-y, 8. 30, 50, 81, 80, 340-7. Wils.m, Henry W.. 160. Wilson, John II., 735. Wilson. Israel N.. 430. 822. Wilson. William U., 294. Winans. Poss. 100. Winn. Henry. 003. ^\ iiislow, C.'P., 658, 737, 869. Winsl .w, F>.raD., 300. Winsor, Alfred. Jr.. 035. Winsor, Frederick, 0.50. Winsor, (iershom ('., (»!. Winsor, William II.. 282. Winthrop, ]{obert C., 81. 025. Winthroi). Thomas F., 722. Wise. William G., 101. Wistar. Isaac. 388. Woleott. John W., 790. Wood, Albert, 749. Wood, Charles J., 617. Wood. Charles L.. 188. Wood. Daniel F.. 14.5. Wood. Dayid. 219. Wood. i;d\vin A.. 6.58. Wood, Ephraini A., (Kj. Wood, (ieorge F., 525. Wood, James. Jr.. .503. Wood. Leonard. 251. Wood. I'linv. 407. 412. Wood. William E..h21. Wood. Win. F.. 102, 39:3, 734. Woodbury, Charles D..62J. Woodbury, Henry P.. 359. Woodlin, John IL, 271. Woodlin, PhilijiT.. Jr.. S58. Woodman, Henry E.. 7(i;j. AVoods. charl.s I., .521. Woods, Henry S.. 100. Woods, Samuel F.. 507. 515. 800. Woodsiim. William. 845. Woodward. Cahin M.. 045. Woodward. C. J.. 197, 717. Woodward, Dayid IM., ZiVA. 71i>. Woodward, Edwin P., 251. Woodward, (ieorge M., 082. Woodward, Lyman, 608. Woodworth. C. L., 40.5, 410. Wool, John E., 21. Worcester. George S.. 7:i4-5. Worcester. Lee P.. 249. Wolcestir, Wm. !•;. ('.. 151. 1.50. Worthly, James C, 7:«. Wright. Andrew ('., 1.58, 101. Wright, .\ndrew P.. i:W. Wright. P.eiiiamin F., 208. Wright. Fretlerie C, 4t>2. 415. Wright. H