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JO I 
 
 OUTLINE OF 
 
 AMERICAN HISTORY 
 
 Reprinted from "A History Syllabus 
 
 for Secondary Schools " by a Special 
 
 Committee of the New England 
 
 History Teachers' Association 
 
 HERBERT DARLING FOSTER, Chairman 
 WALTER HOWARD CUSHING ELIZABETH KIMBALL KENDALL 
 SIDNEY BRADSHAW FAY EVERETT KIMBALL 
 
 CHARLES HOMER HASKINS BERNADOTTE PERRIN 
 
 ERNEST FLAGG HENDERSON EDWIN AUGUSTUS START 
 EDITH MARION WALKER 
 
 BOSTON, U.S.A. 
 D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS 
 
 Copyright, 1901 and 1904, by Walter H. Cushing 
 
x 
 
is 
 
 PART IV 
 AMERICAN HISTORY 
 
2 9° 
 
 American History 
 
 £fc 
 
 GENERAL SURVEY OF THE FIELD 
 AMERICAN HISTORY, 1492-1904 
 
 £fc 
 
 
 I. 
 
 f 1. 
 
 Land and resources. 
 
 2 
 
 
 Discovery 
 
 2. 
 
 Discovery of America. 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 and Exploration 
 
 3- 
 
 Exploration and early settlement 
 
 
 
 before 1607. 
 
 1 
 4- 
 
 before Jamestown, 1492-1607. 
 Virginia, 1 607-1 760, a typical 
 
 3 
 
 
 II. 
 
 
 Southern colony. 
 
 3 
 
 
 Southern 
 
 5- 
 
 Maryland, a typical proprietary 
 
 
 5 
 
 Colonies, 
 
 
 colony. 
 
 1 
 
 
 1607 -1 760. 
 
 6. 
 
 Carol inas and Georgia, the 
 
 
 
 
 
 Southern frontier colonies. 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ' 7- 
 
 Beginnings of colonization of 
 New England. 
 
 2 
 
 
 III. 
 
 New England, 
 1620- 1 760. 
 
 8. 
 
 Early Massachusetts, a typical 
 
 
 10 
 
 9- 
 
 New England colony, 1629- 
 1650. 
 New England, 1 636 - 1 760, typical 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 
 development of American In- 
 
 
 
 
 
 stitutions. 
 
 6 
 
 
 IV. 
 
 Middle Colonies, < 
 
 ' 10. 
 
 Dutch and English in New York. 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 1. 
 
 Pennsylvania, "A Quaker Experi- 
 
 
 5 
 
 1 609-1760 
 
 
 ment in Government " ; New 
 
 
 
 
 Jersey and Delaware. 
 
 3 
 
 n,u*. 
 
 
 1 .£- 
 
General Survey of the Field 291 
 
 
 GENERAL SURVEY OF THE FIELD — Continued 
 AMERICAN HISTORY, 1492-1904 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 12. 
 
 Political and economic develop- 
 
 
 
 V. 
 
 Colonies 
 
 
 ment, 1 700-1 750. 
 
 1 
 
 
 13- 
 
 Struggle between France and 
 England for North America, 
 
 
 6 
 
 in the 
 Eighteenth 
 Century, to 1760. 
 
 14. 
 
 1 689- 1 763. 
 The colonies in 1760; political, 
 social, and economic condi- 
 tions ; comparisons 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 
 VI. j 
 
 I 5- 
 
 Causes of the Revolution, 1760- 
 
 
 
 Union and 
 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 Independence, 
 1760-1783. 
 VII. 
 
 16. 
 
 1774- 
 The Revolution, 1 775-1783. 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 
 Critical Period, ■ 
 
 17- 
 
 Confederation and Constitution. 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 1783-1789. 
 
 
 
 
 
 VIII. 
 Federalist 
 
 18. 
 
 Organization of the government. 
 
 2 
 
 
 19. 
 
 Foreign relations, 1793- 1800. 
 
 2 
 
 6 
 
 Supremacy, 
 1 789-1 801. 
 
 20. 
 
 Fall of the Federalists. 
 
 2 
 
 
 IX. 
 
 21. 
 
 Domestic policy of the Republi- 
 
 
 
 Jeffersonian 
 Republicans, 
 
 
 cans. 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 22. 
 
 Expansion. 
 
 1 
 
 
 1801-1817. 
 
 I23. 
 
 Struggle for neutral rights. 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 24. 
 
 Economic reorganization. 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 25. 
 
 Westward migration and internal 
 improvements. 
 
 2 
 
 
 X. 
 
 26. 
 
 Slavery and the Missouri Com- 
 
 
 
 Reorganization, 
 
 
 promise. 
 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 1817-1829. 
 
 27. 
 28. 
 
 Monroe Doctrine and Panama 
 
 Congress. 
 Political reorganization and 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 triumph of Jackson. 
 
 3 
 
292 
 
 American History 
 
 £.3 
 
 GENERAL SURVEY OF THE FIELD — Continued 
 AMERICAN HISTORY, 1492-1904 
 
 2J5 
 
 
 XL 
 
 29. 
 
 Nullification in South Carolina. 
 
 2 
 
 
 National 
 
 3°- 
 
 Overthrow of the United States 
 
 
 6 
 
 Democracy, 
 
 
 Bank ; financial questions. 
 
 2 
 
 
 1 829- 1 844. 
 
 .31. 
 
 Antislavery agitation, 1 831 -1838. 
 
 2 
 
 
 XII. 
 
 r 
 
 Annexation of Texas, and the 
 
 
 
 Slavery in the 
 
 Mexican War. 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 Territories, 
 
 33- 
 
 Struggle over slavery in the ter- 
 
 
 
 1 844- 1 860. 
 
 I 
 
 ritories. 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 XIII. 
 
 Secession and 
 Civil War, 
 1 860-1 865. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 [34. 
 
 f36- 
 37- 
 
 Secession of the Southern 1 
 
 States. 1 
 
 The Civil War, 1861-1865.J 
 
 Reconstruction, the New South, 
 
 and the race problem. 
 Political problems : civil service, 
 
 foreign relations, municipal 
 
 8 
 3 
 
 
 Problems of 
 
 
 government. 
 
 2 
 
 9 
 
 Peace, 
 
 38. 
 
 Economic problems : currency, 
 
 
 1 865-1904. 
 
 
 tariff, trusts, labor, transporta- 
 
 
 
 
 
 tion. 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 39- 
 
 Summary and Review of Ameri- 
 
 
 
 T ■ = 
 
 
 can History. 
 
 1 
 
 ■3 
 
Outline of American History 293 
 
 OUTLINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY 
 
 Discovery and Explorations before 1607. 
 i. The Land and its Resources. 
 
 a. Physical features. 
 
 b. Effect of this environment. 
 
 c. Availability of land of United States for building a 
 
 nation. 
 References : 
 
 v Brief Accounts : Fisher, Colonial Era, 1-4. 
 "T* Thwaites, Colonies, 2-7. 
 T» Doyle, English Colonies in America, I (" Virginia," 
 
 etc.), 5-8. 
 -f Channing, U.S.A., 1765-1865, 5-8. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Channing, Students 1 History of the 
 United States, 1-18. Farrand, Basis of Amer. History. 
 Bryce, American Commonwealth, abridged edition, 
 Ch. 58. Brigham, Geographic Influences in American 
 History. 
 Jl. Article by Shaler in Winsor, America, IV, i-xxx. 
 Whitney, article " The United States, 11 in Encyclopaedia 
 Britannica, 9th edition; also Whitney, United States. 
 Semple, Am. Hist, and its Geographic Conditions. 
 Maps : 
 
 In text-books, e.g. : Channing, Students 1 History. 
 Johnston, High School History. McLaughlin, History 
 of the American Nation. Fisher, Colonial Era. Thwaites, 
 Colonies (also same map in Hart, Epoch Maps). Frye, 
 Geography, relief maps, 32, 34, 35. U. S. Geological 
 Survey map. 
 Map Work: 
 
 Indicate on outline map the most important physical 
 features. 
 Remark : 
 
 At the beginning of this course the pupil is cautioned 
 that he is not expected to read all the references given. 
 
294 American History 
 
 They are given to afford some choice, so that a pupil 
 may use the reference or references that are most 
 interesting and useful ; also in order that on any special 
 topic he may find as much as possible, if he desires to 
 look it up, or has it especially assigned to him. 
 2. Discovery of America. 
 
 How and why it came then. Results and their impor- 
 tance. 
 '4— a. Why the Norse discoveries were in no sense a true dis- 
 covery of America. Fiske, Discovery of America, I, 
 253-260. 
 &* European conditions at close of 15th century leading to 
 "•T" discovery. Fiske, Discovery of America, I, Ch. iii, 
 especially pp. 272-294. 
 
 c. Columbus : his early career and how it trained him for 
 
 discovery ; ideas, attempts. Pick out facts from 
 Irving. Columbus.; or Fiske, Discovery of America, 
 or Higginson. 
 
 d. The discovery. Hart, Contemporaries, I, Nos. 17 and 
 
 19, interesting extracts from Columbus's own ac- 
 counts ; Old South Leaflets, No. 29, from the life 
 of Columbus by his son. 
 
 e. Columbus's character and place in history. Compare 
 
 accounts in Fiske, Discovery, and Winsor, Columbus ; 
 or use Irving, Columbus. 
 f. Conclusion : the importance of the discovery ; its effect 
 on commerce, colonies, wars, diplomacy, industrial 
 .. life. Interesting suggestions in Seeley, Expansion 
 of England, Chs. v, vi. 
 Additional Topic : 
 
 The naming of America. Winsor, America. Fiske, 
 Discovery of America. Bourne, Spain in America, Ch. vii. 
 References : 
 
 Brief Accounts: Fisher, Colonial Era, Ch. iii. 
 Higginson, Larger History, Ch. iii. 
 y* Longer Accounts : Fiske, Discovery of America(brilliant 
 and interesting ; read especially in Chs. iii and v of Vol. I). 
 
Outline of American History 295 
 
 Cheyney, European Background of Amer. Hist., i-v. 
 
 Higginson, Explorers. Thacher, Columbus. 
 
 Irving, Columbus. Markham, Columbus. 
 
 Bryant and Gay, Popular History, I, 92-100. 
 
 Winsor in his America, II, 1-23; and his Columbus 
 (very critical). Bourne, Spain in America, Chs. i-iv, vii. 
 
 Stimulating picture in Lowell's poem, Columbus. 
 
 Sources: Interesting material in Hart, Contempora- 
 ries, I, Nos. 17 and 19. 
 
 American History Leaflets, No. 1. 
 
 Old South Leaflets, Nos. 29 and 33. 
 Special Map Work: 
 
 On an outline map, trace Columbus's first voyage, 
 indicating dates when points were reached. 
 Explorations and Early Settlements, before James- 
 town, 1 492- 1 607. 
 
 a. Spanish : objects ; regions ; reasons for failure. 
 
 b. French : objects ; regions ; reasons for failure. 
 
 c. English : objects ; regions ; reasons for failure. 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Character of Spanish rule. Read Fiske, Discovery 
 4* of America, I, 554-567 ; or Thwaites, Colonies, 42-43, 
 
 L. 47-48; or Doyle, English Colonies (''Virginia 11 ), I, 76- 
 82. Favorable, Lummis, Spanish Pioneers. 
 
 B. The contest between the Huguenot and Spanish 
 \ colonies in Florida. Read the thrilling account in 
 
 Chs. vii-x of Parkman's brilliant Pioneers of France. 
 Who eventually reaped the real fruits of the rivalry? 
 
 C. Spanish motives and policy : Columbus's thirst 
 for gold, Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 19. Cortez's 
 capture of Montezuma, do., No. 21. Pizarro's conquest 
 of Peru (told by his brother), do., No. 22. Coronado's 
 march, Hart, Source Book, No. 3 (or longer accounts in 
 American History Leaflets, No. 13, or Old South Leaflets, 
 No. 20). Roscher, 2-10. 
 
 D. The Elizabethan Seamen ; their character and 
 work. Interesting accounts in either Higginson, Larger 
 
296 American History 
 
 Explorers,' 1 or in Fiske, 
 -^. Old Virginia, I, 15-33- The interesting story of 
 Drake's voyage around the world, by one of his 
 company, is in Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 30 ; 
 briefer, Hart, Source Book, No. 4. 
 E. The Spanish Armada, and Spain's loss of sea 
 power. Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 33-40, or Green's Short 
 History of England, 417-420, or any good account in an 
 English History, e.g. Gardiner, 11,458-464, or Creighton, 
 Age of Elizabeth, 181-186, or Larned, 322-328. Why is 
 this event important in American history? 
 General Refe7'ences : 
 
 Brief Accounts : Thwaites, Colonies, Ch. ii. 
 Fisher, Colonial Era, Ch. iii. 
 • Longer Accounts : Higginson, Larger History, Chs. '.i-v. 
 Bryant and Gay, I, Chs. vii-x. 
 
 Bancroft, History, I, Chs. i-v. Tyler, England in 
 America. 
 *T Doyle, English Colonies in America, I ( u Virginia"), 
 Chs. iv-v, 101-104. Bourne, Spain in America, Chs. 
 ix-xv. 
 
 Fiske, Discovery of America (Spanish). 
 Parkman, Pioneers of France in the New World. 
 Fiske, Old Virginia and Her Neighbors, Ch. i (Eng- 
 lish), 1-55. Lummis, Spanish Pioneers. 
 
 Winsor, America, II, Chs. iv, v, vii ; III, Chs. ii. iv; 
 IV, Ch. ii. Roscher, Spanish Colonial System. 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, I, Chs. iii-v ; espe- 
 dally Nos. 19, 21, 22, 30, 31, 33, 36. 
 Hart, Source Book, Nos. 3, 4. 
 American History Leaflets, No. 13. 
 Old South Leaflets, Nos. 20, 33, 35. 
 Map Work: 
 
 a. (For all.) The regions discovered or explored by 
 
 each nation to be pointed out on map. 
 
 b. (Special.) On outline map of world, represent voy- 
 
 ages of Columbus, Cabots, Vasco da Gama, Magellan, 
 
Outline of American History 297 
 
 Verrazano, Drake, with dates, and in colors (e.g. 
 Spanish, yellow ; English, red ; French, blue). At- 
 lases : Gardner, Eng. Hist. Atlas, No. 25, Putzger, 
 Droysen, etc. Frye, Geography, Plate X. Bryce, 
 Comprehensive Atlas, No. 76. See also text-books 
 
 c . On outline map of United States, show in colors (as 
 
 above) the explorations or settlements of Spanish 
 (De Leon, Cortes, Pizarro, De Vaca, Coronado, De 
 Soto, and at St. Augustine) ; French (Cartier, 
 Huguenot colonies, Acadia) ; English (Raleigh col- 
 onies). Atlases as above. 
 
 d. Map of world showing Spanish possessions after seiz- 
 
 ure of Portugal (1580), Coman and Kendall, Eng- 
 lish History, 258. 
 II. Southern Colonies, 1607-1760. 
 
 4. Virginia, a Typical Southern Colony. 
 
 a. New motives and methods of colonization in 17th cen- 
 tury ; very brief in Thwaites, Colonies, 65-66, or 
 Fisher, Colonial Era, 31-32. Fuller and more sug- 
 gestive accounts in McLaughlin, American Nation, 
 33-36, or Doyle, English Colonies, I ("Virginia"), 
 101-104, 108-109. Osgood, American Colonies, I. 
 i. Reasons for early failures in Virginia, 1607-1619. 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 61 (character 
 colonists). Smith's " Rude Answer, 11 quoted in Fiske, 
 Old Virginia, I, 125-128 (Smith's works, ed. Arber, 
 442-445). Smith's "True Relation, 11 American His- 
 tory Leaflets, No. 27 (especially 4-60). 
 Brief Account : Fisher, Colonies, 32-42. 
 Longer Accounts : Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 
 in Ch. i-iii (especially 27 and following, 59 and follow- 
 ing, 74-84 — a charming book). Fiske's interesting Old 
 Virginia and Her Neighbors, I, iii-v (especially 120- 
 128, 142, 146, 149-160, 166, etc.). Doyle, Colonies, I, 
 109-156. Tyler, England in America, Ch. iv. 
 c. Reasons for greater success, 1619-1624. under leader- 
 ship of Sandys and Southampton, and party opposed 
 
298 American History 
 
 to absolutism. Good account in Eggleston, Begin 
 ners of a Nation, Ch. ii (especially 53-59, 86-89). 
 Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 184-190; II, 243-246. Doyle, 
 English Colonies, I ("Virginia 11 ), 156-162, 167. 
 Winsor, America, III, 142-145. Gay, Bryant's Popu- 
 lar History, I, 305-307. Tyler, Ch. v. Osgood. 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, Vol. I, No. 65 (As- 
 sembly, 1 619). MacDonald, Charters, No. 6 (Ordi- 
 nance of 1 621) ; same in Preston, Documents, 32. 
 Labor question : early troubles ; indented white ser- 
 vants and negro slaves. Eggleston, Beginners, in 
 Chs. ii-iii. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 176-203. 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, in Nos. 70, 86, 87 
 (especially 239-240, 301, 303-304). Source Book, No. 
 35. (For most detailed information, consult Bruce, 
 Economic History of Virginia in 17th Century, in Chs. 
 iv and ix, or use index.) 
 
 Development of representative government and spirit 
 of independence, after annulling of charter, 1624. 
 
 (1) Self-government during Puritan supremacy in 
 England. 
 
 Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, No. 69 (articles 
 agreed on). Read also Doyle, English Colonies, I 
 ("Virginia 11 ), 223. 
 
 (2) Bacons Rebellion, causes, changes proposed, 
 results. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 95-107 (shows sig- 
 nificance). Full account in Doyle, Colonies, I 
 ("Virginia 11 ), ix (especially 247-253). 
 
 Source: Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 71 (hostile 
 to Bacon). 
 
 (3) Quarrels between assemblies and governors ; 
 the subjects, the significance. Thwaites, Colonies, 
 75, 271-273. Lodge, Colonies, in Ch. i (e.g. 15, 19-20, 
 25-30, etc.). 
 
 Pictures of Virginia : 
 
 (1) In 1624; Fiske, Old Virginia, I, Ch. vii, espe- 
 cially 223-231, 246-250. 
 
Outline of American History 299 
 
 (2) In 1649; Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 1-5; compare 
 Hart, Source Book, No. 34. 
 
 (3) In 167 1 ; Governor Berkeley's official report in 
 Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 70. 
 
 g. For all pupils. Government of Virginia, a typical royal 
 colony. Fiske, Civil Government, 57-67, 145, 146, 
 155 (or equivalent). Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 36-44 
 (a reprint, with a few verbal changes, of his Civil 
 Government, 60-67). Fuller details can be found in 
 Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 185-188, 226-228, 243-250 
 (Assembly); 237-243 (relation to crown). Lodge, 
 Colonies, 44-50, 58, 59. 
 Map Work: 
 
 a. Physical features. 
 
 b. Counties, with dates, illustrating westward movement. 
 
 (Fiske, Virginia, II, frontispiece.) 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. John Smith as adventurer, governor, and histo- 
 rian. Read his "True Relation," American History 
 Leaflets, No. 27. On his credibility, Winsor, America, 
 III, 161, and note 4; or Charles Dean, Introduction to 
 ed. " True Relation " ; or Eggleston, Beginners, 61-63 5 
 unfavorable. Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 102-112; or in 
 Atlantic Monthly, 1891 ; favorable. 
 
 B. Education, including William and Mary College. 
 Governor Berkeley's ideas, Hart, Contemporaries, I, 241. 
 Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 231-236 ; II, 1 16-130 (Rules, etc., 
 124-127). 
 
 C. Political and economic effects of cultivation of 
 tobacco. Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 176, 231, 242, 243 ; II, 
 in, 174, 176,210; or consult index to Doyle, Virginia 
 (especially see 192, 193), or to Bruce, Economic History 
 of Virginia in 17th Century. 
 
 D. "The Coming of the Cavaliers." Fiske, Old 
 Virginia, II, x, especially 6-29. 
 
 E. "Westward Growth of Old Virginia/ 1 and settle- 
 ment of the Shenandoah Valley. Fiske, Old Virginia, 
 II, 383-400, and consult map opposite title page. 
 
;oo American History 
 
 F. Virginia fife in 18th Century. Lodge, Colonies, 
 Ch. ii; or Fiske, Old Virginia, II, xiv. 
 Maryland. 
 
 a. (For all.) Government of Maryland, a typical proprie- 
 tary colony. Fiske, Civil Government, 150, 151 ; or 
 equivalent, e.g. Winsor, America, III, 520-522; or 
 Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 269, 270 ; or Lodge, Colonies, 
 113, 114. 
 
 The following may be used for additional informa- 
 tion or special reports as desired : 
 
 Sources: MacDonald, Charters, No. 13 (Balti- 
 more's charter). Accounts of how the provisions of 
 charter were carried out, in Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 
 281-285, or in Lodge, Colonies, 114-116. 
 k. Development of representative government in Maryland. 
 Brief Accounts : Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 283-285 ; 
 alternate references, Thwaites, Colonies, 83, 84, or 
 Fisher, Colonies, 67-68. 
 
 Longer Account : Doyle, "Virginia, 11 285, 286-291. 
 (Compare with establishment of representation in 
 Virginia.) 
 C, Religious toleration in Maryland. 
 
 (1) Provision of charter and desire of Lord Balti- 
 more. Read Fisher, Colonies, 64-65 ; or Fiske, Old 
 Virginia, 1, 270-272 (or more full and interesting ac- 
 count in Eggleston, Beginners, 234-241), and 247-248 
 in Hart, Contemporaries, Vol. I. 
 
 (2) The Toleration Act of 1649. Read the act in 
 Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 84, and notice in what 
 ways it did not give complete toleration. (See com- 
 ments in Doyle, " Virginia, 1 ' 305 ; or Eggleston, 
 Beginners, 256-257). Fiske, Old Virginia, I, 309- 
 311, quotes pertinent sections and comments on 
 them. 
 
 (3) What is said about religion and religious free- 
 dom in the Constitution of the United States, and 
 in the constitution of your own state? Compare 
 
Outline of American History 301 
 
 with the provisions of the " Toleration Act v 
 of 1649. (Constitution of the United States is 
 in many text-books on History or Civil Govern- 
 ment; in American History Leaflets, No. 8; Old 
 South Leaflets, No. i ; MacDonald Documents, 
 No. 5, etc.) 
 
 d. " Some characteristics of Maryland." 
 
 Very brief in Fisher, Colonial Era, 74-75 ; better in 
 Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 267-269. Comparison with 
 Virginia, Lodge, Colonies, Ch. iv, especially 112, 115, 
 117, 125, 131. 
 
 Source : Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 76, " A 
 Character of the Province of Maryland, 1666," enter- 
 taining, though overdrawn. 
 6. Carolinas and Georgia, the Southern Frontier 
 
 Colonies. 
 
 a. Independent spirit in the Carolinas. Fiske, Old Vir- 
 
 ginia, II, 283, 286-287, 292, 294, 297, 307-308; or 
 the less complete account in Fisher, Colonial Era, 
 79, 81, 294, 295, 298-299; or Lodge, Colonies, Chs. 
 v, vii. 
 
 b. The frontier life of North Carolina. Fiske, Old Vir- 
 
 ginia, etc., II, 270-271, 309-322, 332-333 ; or in Lodge, 
 Colonies, Ch. vi. How did North Carolina differ from 
 Virginia in its life and the character of its settlers? 
 
 c. Life in South Carolina. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 308- 
 
 309, 322-333; or in Lodge, Colonies, Ch. viii. How 
 did South Carolina differ from Virginia in its life and 
 the character of its settlers? how from North Carolina 
 in these respects ? 
 
 d. Georgia : its twofold object ; its services ; its character- 
 
 istics. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 333-336; or Lodge, 
 Colonies, in Chs. ix and x, especially pp. 189, 191- 
 194, 203-204. 
 Additional Topic: 
 
 A. Puritans in the Southern Colonies. Fiske, Old 
 Virginia, etc., II, 336-337 i in Virginia, I, 301-302; II, 
 
302 American History 
 
 17 ; in Maryland, I, 311-318 ; II, 150 ; in South Carolina, 
 II, 322-323. 
 
 General References : 
 
 Brief Accounts : Thwaites, Colonies, 89-95 ; or Fisher, 
 Colonial Era, Chs. vi, xix, xx. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Fiske, Old Virginia and her Neigh- 
 bors, Ch. xv. Lodge, Colonies, Chs. v, vi, vii, viii, ix. 
 Bryant and Gay, II, xii, xv ; III, iv, vi. 
 III. New England (1620-1760). 
 
 7. Beginnings of Colonization of New England. Char- 
 acter and Aims of Puritans, Pilgrims, and Plym- 
 outh Colony. 
 
 a. Origin and aims of English Puritans (before 1608) ; 
 special ideas of the Separatists. Treatment of the 
 Puritans by Elizabeth and James I. How the Sepa- 
 ratists around Scrooby became Pilgrims. Why the 
 Pilgrims left Holland (selections from Bradford's His- 
 tory in American History Leaflets, No. 29, or Hart, 
 Contemporaries, I, No. 97). Mayflower Compact. 
 Landing and settling at Plymouth. Early govern- 
 ment and life. 
 References : 
 
 Brief Accounts : Fisher, Colonial Era, 85-99 (clear 
 and useful). Thwaites, Colonies, 1 13-124. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Fiske, Beginnings of New England, 
 Ch. ii, gives an interesting discussion of the rise of Puri- 
 tanism and the significance of the Pilgrim settlement. 
 Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 98, and following. 
 Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, ii (especially 13-15 and 
 27-74) gives a very careful account. William Bradford, 
 for twenty-nine years a governor of the colony, gives a 
 charming picture of Pilgrim character and acts in his 
 History of "Plimouth Plantation.' 1 Interesting extracts 
 are given in Hart, Contemporaries, I, Nos. 49 and 97- 
 100, and also in American History Leaflets, No. 29. 
 An edition of Bradford's History, with facsimiles of 
 several pages of his manuscript, a picture of the book, 
 
Outline of American History 303 
 
 and the story of the return of the manuscript from Eng- 
 land to Massachusetts in 1897, was published, and is 
 sold by the State of Massachusetts at $1.00. 
 
 [Note. — Alternate references (or additional information if desired) : 
 Winsor, America, III, Ch. viii (illustrated) ; Bryant and Gay, I, Chs. xiv, 
 xv ; Bancroft, I, 182-214; Bancroft, Part I, Ch. xii. Still further refer- 
 ences to special works and "Sources" in Channing and Hart, Guide, 
 sections m-112. See also below, General References, end of section 9.] 
 
 8. Early Massachusetts. 
 
 A typical New England colony, 1 624-1 650. Objects 
 (religious, political, economic). Character of government 
 and life. 
 
 a. Causes and character of the Puritan exodus to Massa- 
 
 chusetts in 1630. Fisher, Colonial Era, 100-102, 
 108-110. Fiske, Beginnings of New England, 97- 
 101, 140-148. Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 
 191-205. Winthrop's " Conclusions for the Planta- 
 tion in New England 1 ' (Old South Leaflets, No. 50). 
 (Read at least one.) 
 
 b. Founding of Massachusetts : charter, how obtained, 
 
 provisions ; Cambridge agreement, transfer ; settle- 
 ment of Boston and adjoining towns. Charter in Old 
 South Leaflets, No. 7, or MacDonald's Charters, No. 
 8. Excellent account in either Fiske, New England, 
 93-97, 101-104; or Fisher, Colonial Era, 102-103, 
 108-112; or Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 
 205-212. 
 
 c. Rise of representative government in Massachusetts, 
 
 1 631-1650. Read Hart, Contemporaries, I, No. 107 
 (extract from Winthrop). See also Fiske, New 
 England, 105-108. Longer in Doyle, Puritan Col- 
 onies, I, 103-111, 253-256. 
 
 d. The threefold danger, 1 634-1 636. Fiske, New England, 
 
 111-123 (interesting and suggestive). 
 
 e. Local government in Massachusetts, its origin and 
 
 form, town-meeting, and selectmen. Fiske, Civil 
 
304 American History 
 
 Government, Ch. ii. Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 7- 
 17, 25. Channing, Town and County Government, 
 in Johns Hopkins University Studies, II, No. 10. 
 Mass. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, Second Series, VII 
 ("Genesis of Mass. Towns"). Records of Boston 
 Town Meeting, 1729, Hart, Source Book, No. 52. 
 Of Providence, 1 720-1 721, Hart, Contemporaries, II, 
 No. 78. (Get and use, if possible, early records of 
 your own town.) 
 f. Education, morals, and religion in Massachusetts in 
 17th century. (May be subdivided into three topics.) 
 Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 66-97. Thwaites, Col- 
 onies, in Ch. viii. A quaint picture of the founding 
 and early regulations of Harvard College is in Hart, 
 Contemporaries, I, No. 137. Church services, in 
 Hart, Source Book, No. 29. 
 9. New England, 1 636-1 760. 
 
 Typical development of American institutions. 
 
 Expansion (by Expulsion and Emigration). Written Con- 
 stitutions. 
 
 a. Founding of Providence and Rhode Island, 1636-1640. 
 
 Fiske, New England, 1 14-120 (or Fisher, 114-116, 
 123-124). Longer, Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, 113- 
 140, 179-190. Roger Williams's account in Hart, 
 Contemporaries, I, 115. 
 
 b. Founding of Connecticut. Fiske, New England, 122- 
 
 128. Fisher, Colonial Era, 126-131. Thwaites, Col- 
 onies, 140-144. Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation, 
 315-326. Describe the provisions of the first popu- 
 lar written constitution. " The Fundamental Orders 
 of Connecticut, 11 1638- 1639, from the text in Hart, 
 Contemporaries, I, No. 120, or in MacDonald, Char- 
 ters, No. 14, or Old South Leaflets, No. 8. 
 
 c. Founding of New Haven : aims of founders, difference 
 
 between their government and that of Connecticut, 
 the blue laws. Fiske, New England, 134-137 ; or 
 
Outline of American History 305 
 
 Fisher, Colonial Era, 129-130 ; or Thwaites, Colonies, 
 144-146. Longer: Doyle, Puritan Colonies, I, 190- 
 200. "True Blue Laws " of 1675 in Hart, Contem- 
 poraries, I, No. 144. The Fundamental Articles of 
 New Haven may be found in MacDonald, Charters, 
 No. 16. 
 
 d. The Northern settlements, later, New Hampshire and 
 
 Maine : reasons for settlements ; character ; relations 
 to Massachusetts. Thwaites, Colonies, 150-153, 173- 
 174. Longer: Doyle, Puritan Colonies, 1,201-219. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, I, Nos. 124, 125, are interest- 
 ing but somewhat prejudiced accounts of English 
 commissioners and travellers. Extract from Win- 
 throp, in Hart, Source Book, No. 21. 
 
 Federation. 
 
 e. The New England Confederation, 1643 : articles, admin- 
 
 istration, services. Read and describe the Articles 
 in American History Leaflets, No. 7, or MacDonald, 
 Charters, No. 19; also the " Proceedings of the First 
 American Federation," in Hart, Contemporaries, I, 
 No. 129. A brief suggestive treatment in Fiske, 
 New England, 155-162; or read Thwaites, Colonies, 
 154-164. Longer: Bancroft, 1,289-310. Frothing- 
 ham, Rise of Republic, Ch. ii. Doyle, Puritan Colo- 
 nies, I, 220-319. 
 
 Relation with Subject Races, and with Quakers and 
 Witches. 
 
 /. New England treatment of the Indian in 17th century : 
 land, trade, missionary work, Pequot war. Fiske, 
 New England, 199-210 (very briefly in Thwaites, 
 Colonies, 136-137, 170-172). Bancroft, I, 382-386. 
 
 g. The effect of the Indian as neighbor and enemy on the 
 colonist. Fiske, New England, 226-229, 236-241 
 (Philip's war). An excellent brief but comprehen- 
 
306 American History 
 
 sive account in Doyle, "Virginia," iii, 10-17. Hig- 
 ginson, Larger History. 169-178. (Note power and 
 limitation of Indian as fighting man.) 
 
 h. Treatment of Quakers by Massachusetts. Fiske, New 
 England, 1 79-1 91. Bancroft, I, 312-315. Longer: 
 Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 98-114. Hallowell, 
 Quaker Invasion of Massachusetts. 
 
 i. Witchcraft delusion. Thwaites, Colonies, 190-192; or 
 Fisher, Colonial Era, 220-222. Doyle, Puritan Col- 
 onies, II, 298-311. Fiske, New France and New 
 England, Ch. v. 
 
 Self-Government and Independent Spirit. 
 
 /. Overthrow of the Massachusetts charter. Fiske, New 
 England, 253-267. Longer: Doyle, Puritan Colonies, 
 I, 190-225. 
 
 k. The tyranny of Andros and the Revolution of 1689. 
 Fiske, New England, 267-278. Longer : Doyle, Puri- 
 tan Colonies, II, 230-272. 
 
 /. Independent attitude of Massachusetts toward English 
 government, 1 630-1 760. Find examples in the text- 
 book and in books referred to above (or other stand- 
 ard works, see below), e.g. in Winthrop's attitude; 
 in actions in 1634, 1636, 1643, 1661, 1664, 1689. 
 tn. Provincial New England, 1692-1760: contests with 
 royal governors ; paper money ; commerce ; Harvard 
 and Yale ; the " Great Awakening ; " literature. 
 Fisher, Colonial Era, Chs. xiii, xxi ; or Winsor, in 
 America, V, Ch. ii (very valuable) ; or in other stand- 
 ard histories (see below) ; or pick out significant 
 facts in Lodge, Colonies, 360-368, 392-395, 400-405, 
 471. ("Great Awakening," Hart, Source Book, No. 
 42 ; Fiske, New France and New England, Ch. vi.) 
 
 Self-Government — Democratic Spirit — Public Schools. 
 n. Colonial governments of New England. (For all.) 
 Fiske, Civil Government, 146-149, 154-156. Lodge, 
 Colonies, 412-418. (Local government, see 8, e.) 
 
Outline of American History 307 
 
 o. Social and economic conditions in New England in 
 1 760 (including education) . Lodge, Colonies, Ch. xxii. 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. John Winthrop : his character and his statesman- 
 ship. Twichell, John Winthrop ; or the standard life 
 by Robert C. Winthrop. Read parts of Winthrop's 
 History of New England ; or read extracts in Hart, 
 Contemporaries, I, No. 107; Old South Leaflets, Nos. 
 50, 66; Hart, Source Book, Nos. 21, 28. 
 
 B. The Body of Liberties, 1641, the first New Eng- 
 land code of laws, compared with Magna Carta. 
 American History Leaflets, No. 25, including compari- 
 son with Magna Carta by Winthrop and others. Also 
 printed text with facsimile of manuscript, in Whitmore, 
 Colonial Laws of Massachusetts Bay, 1660; published 
 1889. (Also in his "Bibliographical Sketch," etc., 
 1890.) 
 
 C. Why was Roger Williams banished from Massa- 
 chusetts ? Eggleston. Beginners of a Nation, 266-306. 
 Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 11 3- 126. H. M. Dexter, 
 As to Roger Williams. Diman, in Narragansett Club 
 Publications, II. See account in Winthrop's History 
 of New England. Mass. Hist. Soc. Pfoc, 1873. 
 
 Map Work : 
 
 New England in 17th century : Indicate rivers, 
 chief towns mentioned in reading, boundaries of colonies, 
 location of chief Indian tribes. (To be marked 1650 or 
 1700, according to map followed.) 1650 in McLaughlin, 
 History of American Nation, 93, and in Doyle, Puritan 
 Colonies, I. In Seventeenth Century, Fiske, facing 
 title page. In 1700, Thwaites, Colonies, Map 3 (same 
 in Hart, Epoch Maps), showing clearly the boundaries 
 after charter of 1691. Doyle, Puritan Colonies, II, 
 facing title page. 
 General References (For New England Colonies) : 
 
 Brief Accounts : Fisher, Colonial Era, Chs. vii, viii, xiii 
 Thwaites, Colonies, Chs. vi-viii. 
 
308 American History- 
 
 Longer Accounts : (Special works on New England, o; 
 portions of colonial history). Fiske, Beginnings of 
 New England. Eggleston, Beginners of a Nation. 
 Doyle (English Colonies in America), Puritan Colonies. 
 Lowell, " New England Two Centuries Ago " (in his 
 "Among My Books "). Weeden, Economic and Social 
 History of New England. Palfrey, History of New 
 England. Lodge, Short History of English Colonies in 
 America. Winsor, Memorial History of Boston. Chey- 
 ney, European Background of American History, Chs. 
 viii, xii-xvi. Tyler, England in America, Chs. ix-xix. 
 Andrews, Colonial Self-Go vernment, Chs. iii, xvi-xix. 
 Fiske, New France and New England. 
 
 General Works : Bancroft, History, Pt. I, Chs. xiii-xv ; 
 Pt. II, Chs. ii-vi, xvii-xviii ; Pt. Ill, Ch. iii. Bryant and 
 Gay, I, xx-xxi ; II, i-v, viii ; III, v, viii. Frothingham, 
 Rise of the Republic, Chs. ii-iii. Hildreth, History of 
 the United States. Winsor, America, III, vii-ix ; 
 V, ii. Osgood, American Colonies in the 17th Century, I. 
 
 Sources: Hart, Source Book, Nos. 17, 19, 21, 28-31, 
 42, 52. Hart, Contemporaries, I, xiv, xvi, xxi ; II, 
 iii, etc. American History Leaflets, Nos. 7, 25. Old 
 South Leaflets. Winthrop, History of New England. 
 Young, Chronicles of Massachusetts. For topics relat- 
 ing to the cclonial history of their own state, pupils may 
 be interested in reading more fully in the state histories, 
 viz. : Massachusetts, by Governor Hutchinson, 3 vols., 
 to 1774; or Barry, 3 vols., to 1820. Rhode Island, 
 Arnold, 2 vols. ; or Green, Short History. Connecti- 
 cut, Johnston (Commonwealth Series). New Hamp- 
 shire, Belknap, 3 vols. Maine, Williamson. For 
 special investigation of state or local history, there is 
 very valuable material in the State Historical Societies 1 
 Collections, and in town histories and town records. 
 Additional references under special topics may be found 
 in Channing and Hart, Guide, Sections 109-130, and in 
 Larned, Literature of American History, pp. 76-92. 
 
Outline of American History 309 
 
 IV. Middle Colonies, 1609-1760. 
 
 10. Dutch and English in New York. 
 a. The Dutch. 
 
 (i) Their character and achievements to 1609. 
 Brief Accounts : in European or General Histories,^. : 
 Fisher, Outlines, 414-41°; Adams, European History, 
 334-338 ; Robinson, Introduction to History of Western 
 Europe, 446-451- Bancroft, I, 475~48i. Fiske, Dutch 
 and Quaker Colonies, I, Ch. ii. Very fully and with dra- 
 matic power in Motley, Rise of Dutch Republic ; and His- 
 tory of United Netherlands. Blok's History of the People 
 of the Netherlands is a work of careful modern scholar- 
 ship by an eminent Dutch historian. (See Outline oj 
 Europea?i History, pp. 176-177.) 
 
 (2) Dutch discovery and settlement, 1 609-1626. 
 
 (3) Dutch rule in New Netherland : its object, 
 methods, faults; relations with English, Indians, 
 Swedes; the patroon system; comparison of local 
 government with that in Virginia and New England ; 
 survivals of the Dutch occupation. 
 
 (4) The influence of the Dutch on American his- 
 tory : indirect (on Europe and England) ; direct in 
 America, its limited nature ; comparison with influ- 
 ence of England. Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, 
 I, Ch. ii, especially 30-34. 
 
 b Conquest of New York by the English : object and im- 
 portance. 
 c. The English in New York. 
 
 (1) Government and politics: local government 
 under Governor Nicoll ; representative government 
 under Governor Dongan ; Leisler's rebellion (political 
 controversy); Zenger trial (freedom of the press). 
 Fiske, II, 248-257. Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 72. 
 
 (2) Social and economic conditions in New York 
 in the 1 8th century. Thwaites, Ch. x (for 1700). 
 Fisher, Colonial Era, 252-254. Lodge, Colonies, 
 Ch. xvii. Fiske, II, Ch. xv. 
 
 Source : Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 32. 
 
310 American History 
 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. u Of the Reasons and Causes why and how New 
 Netherland is so decayed, 1 ' 1650. Hart, Contemporaries, 
 I, No. 154. 
 
 B. Peter Stuyvesant. 
 
 C. Old Dutch customs in New Netherland. 
 
 D. The struggles of the Dutch and the English for a 
 representative assembly. 
 
 E. Reasons for greater success of England than of 
 Holland as a colonizing nation. 
 
 F. The Iroquois Confederacy. See index to Park- 
 man. 
 
 G. New York in the Intercolonial Wars. See refer- 
 ences in section 13. 
 
 General References : 
 
 Brief Accounts : Fisher, Colonial Era, Chs. ix and xiv. 
 Thwaites, Colonies, 196-207 and Ch. x. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Bryant and Gay, I, 339-369,429-475. 
 Lodge, Colonies, Chs. xvi-xvii. Winsor, America, IV, Ch. 
 viii; III, Ch. x; V, Ch. iii. Fiske, Dutch and Quaker 
 Colonies in America, Chs. i-xi, xiii-xv, xvii. Andrews, 
 Colonial Self-Go vernment, Chs. v-vi. Parkman, on re- 
 lations with Indians and Canada; consult index, e.g. in 
 Pioneers of France, Count Frontenac, Jesuits in North 
 America, Old Regime, Half Century of Conflict, Montcalm 
 and Wolfe. Palmer, History of Lake Champlain. See 
 also histories of New York state by Brodhead, Lossing, 
 O'Callaghan, Roberts, Schuyler; of New York city, by 
 Lamb, Booth, Stone. For further references, see Chan- 
 ning and Hart, Guide, sections 104-105 ; and Larned, 
 Literature of American History, pp. 92-100, and index. 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, I, Chs. xxii-xxiii ; II, 
 Nos. 32, 72. Hart, Source Book, Nos. 16, 22, 32, 45, 
 50. 
 
 For the valuable material in the collections of docu- 
 ments published by the state of New York, see Channing 
 and Hart, Guide, 11 2-1 13, or Larned, Literature, 96. 
 
Outline of American History 311 
 
 11. Pennsylvania, "A Quaker Experiment in Govern- 
 ment." New Jersey and Delaware. 
 
 a. Colonial New Jersey : occupation by the English ; the 
 
 Quaker purchase ; Penn's purchase ; East and West 
 Jersey, 1674; New Jersey as a crown colony, 1702; 
 character of the people. 
 
 b. The principles of the " Friends," or Quakers : political, 
 
 moral, religious. Best brief reference is Sharpless, A 
 Quaker Experiment in Government, Chs. i-ii. Ban- 
 croft, I, 528-546. Article " Quakers " in Encyclopaedia 
 Britannica. 
 
 c. Life and character of William Penn. Bancroft, I, 556- 
 
 563. Fiske, Dutch and Quaker Colonies, II, 1 14— 
 139. Lives of Penn, by Janney or Dixon. Article 
 "William Penn/ 1 in Dictionary of National Biog- 
 raphy. 
 
 d. The founding of Pennsylvania. 
 
 e. The Quaker Constitution. 
 
 Sources: The Frame of Government, 1682, in Mac- 
 Donald, Select Charters, No. 40 ; Charters and Laws of 
 Pennsylvania (edition of 1879), 93-99; Poore, Charters 
 and Constitutions, II, 15 18. Charter of Privileges of 
 1 70 1, MacDonald, Charters, No. 46. 
 
 Brief Accounts : Bancroft, I, 561-571. Fisher, Colo- 
 nial Era, 201-203. Sharpless, Ch. iv. Fiske, Dutch and 
 Quaker Colonies, II, 151-155, 307-311. 
 
 f. The Quaker government, 1682-1756. 
 
 (1) Religious and civil liberty. 
 
 (2) Relations with the Indians. Discriminating 
 account in Sharpless, Quaker Experiment, Ch. vi. 
 
 (3) Quaker attitude toward war. Sharpless, Quaker 
 Experiment, Ch. vii. 
 
 (4) Extent to which Quakers controlled the govern- 
 ment. Sharpless, Quaker Experiment, in Chs. iv-viii, 
 e-g; fy-77, 134, 1 72- 1 77- 274-276. 
 
 (5) Slavery. 
 
 g. Social and economic conditions in Pennsylvania, 1760 
 
ji2 American History 
 
 (or 1765). Fisher, Colonial Era, 268-271. Fiske, II, 
 319-329. Lodge, Colonies, Ch. xiii. 
 h. Relations with Delaware, " The Territories. 1 ' 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Quaker organizations and discipline. Sharpless, 
 Ch. iii. Compare with modern Rules of Discipline and 
 Advice (Philadelphia, 1894). 
 
 B. The virtues and limitations of Quakers and Puritans. 
 
 C. A comparison between the Quaker policy toward 
 the Indians in Pennsylvania, 1682-1756, and the Puritan 
 policy in New England in 1 630-1 676. Compare Sharp- 
 less, in Ch. vi, with P'iske, II, 164-166, and Parkman, 
 Conspiracy of Pontiac, in Ch. iii. 
 
 D. The Quakers 1 attitude toward slavery. John Wool- 
 man's Journal; selections in Hart, Contemporaries, II, 
 No. 106. 
 
 E. The measure of success of the Quaker Experiment. 
 
 F. Delaware ; settlement, relations with Dutch and 
 with Pennsylvania. 
 
 General References : 
 (1) Pennsylvania. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Thwaites, Colonies, 215-217, and in 
 Ch. x. Fisher, Colonial Era, Chs. xi, xvi. Lodge, Colo- 
 nies, Ch. xii. 
 
 Longer Accounts: Bancroft, I, 528-573; II, 24-31. 
 Bryant and Gay, Popular History, II, 165-178, 481-498. 
 Winsor, America, III, Ch. xii ; V, Ch. iii. Fiske, Dutch 
 and Quaker Colonies, II, Chs. xii, xvi, xvii. Sharpless, 
 History of Quaker Government in Pennsylvania, 2 vols. 
 Vol. I, published originally as A Quaker Experiment in 
 Government, makes use of Quaker sources and brings 
 out clearly the essentials of the Quaker principles and 
 practice, and the extent of their responsibility. It is a 
 book of unusual interest and discrimination. Lives of 
 Penn by Janney and Dixon. Proud, History of Pennsyl- 
 vania. Watson, Annals of Philadelphia. 
 
 Source : For an interesting non-Quaker view, read Ben« 
 
Outline of American History 313 
 
 jamin Franklin's Autobiography, e.g., 141-147 (Quakers 
 and war). See also Chs. ix-x for examples of practical 
 good citizenship. (Riverside Literature Series edition.) 
 
 (2) Delaware. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Thwaites, Colonies, 207-210. Lodge, 
 Colonies, Ch. xi (also in xii-xiii). 
 
 Longer Accounts : Winsor, America, IV, Ch. ix. His- 
 tories of Delaware by Vincent and by Scharf. 
 
 (3) New Jersey. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Thwaites, 210-214. Fisher, Colonial 
 Era, Chs. x, xv. Lodge, Colonies, Ch. xiv. 
 
 Longer Accounts: Winsor, America, III, Ch. xi ; V, 
 Ch. iii. Andrews, Colonial Self-Government, Chs. vii- 
 viii. Histories of New Jersey by Smith (to 1721), 
 Gordon, Baum, Mulford. Further references for Penn- 
 sylvania, Delaware, and New Jersey, in Channing and 
 Hart, Guide, §§ 106-108; and in Larned, Literature of 
 American History, pp. 92-100 and index. 
 V. The Colonies in the Eighteenth Century, to 1760. 
 12. Political, Social, and Economic Development of the 
 Colonies, 1700-1750. 
 
 a. Political development. 
 
 (1) Progress in self-government: taxation; elec- 
 tions ; free speech. 
 
 (2) Defence of charters. Hart, Contemporaries, II, 
 No. 48. 
 
 (3) Boundary disputes : with France ; with Spain ; 
 between individual colonies. 
 
 (4) Attempts at union: especially in 1690, and Al- 
 bany Plan, 1754; what is shown by their failure? 
 Franklin's Plan, 1754, is in Old South Leaflets, No. 9 ; 
 American History Leaflets, No. 14; MacDonald, Char- 
 ters, No. 52. Franklin describes his plan in his Auto- 
 biography, Ch. x. 
 
 b. Economic conditions and development. Thwaites. Wee- 
 
 den, Economic and Social History of New England, for 
 that region. 
 
314 American History 
 
 c. Social development : population — immigration, expan- 
 
 sion, increase ; religion (especially " Great Awaken- 
 ing ") ; education ; literature ; newspapers. 
 
 d. General character of the period. 
 
 Good Short Accounts : McLaughlin, History of the 
 American Nation, Ch. v. Thvvaites, Colonies, Ch. xiv. 
 Cambridge Modern History, Vol. VII (United States), 
 Ch. ii. 
 
 Material can be picked out of the longer accounts in : — 
 Fisher, Colonial Era, Part II, especially 225-236 (N.E.), 
 246-259 (N.Y. and N.J.), 263-271 (Penn. and Del.), 
 272-276 (Md.), 277-284 (Va.), 296-302 (Car.), and 
 Ch. xxi (Literature). Lodge, Colonies, in Chapters on 
 the history of each colony, e.g., Chs. i, xii, xvi, xviii- 
 xxi. Weeden, Economic and Social History of New 
 England. Bryant and Gay, III, Chs. iii-v, vii, ix. Ban- 
 croft, II, 238-267. Fiske, Old Virginia, Chs. xiv-xvii ; 
 Dutch and Quaker Colonies, Chs. xv-xvii. Winsor, 
 America, V, Chs. ii-vi. For " Great Awakening," see 
 Fiske, New France and New England, Ch. vi (especially 
 220-232) ; also in Franklin's Autobiography in Ch. vii, 
 on Whitefield. 
 
 Sources : Much illustrative matter in Hart, Contempo- 
 raries, II, Pts. iii-iv, e.g., Nos. 72 (Zenger Case), 48 
 (charters), 81 (Franklin), 38 (Mason and Dixon's Line), 
 59, 66 (salaries and vetoes). Pupils should read espe- 
 cially material on their own state {e.g., in state histories ; 
 or even, if time allows, on some special topic like the 
 growth of population or manufacturing in their town or 
 county history). Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography is 
 one of the most interesting and instructive sources in 
 American history. It gives much material which illus- 
 trates clearly the characteristics of this period and shows 
 how a typical American colonist thought and lived. Read 
 e.g., Chs. v (scheme of daily life), vi (practical ideas), vi, 
 viii, ix, x (public spirit, public improvements), vii (White- 
 field, "Great Awakening 1 "), x (Albany Union), i, vi 
 
Outline of American History 315 
 
 (self-education) ; i, iv, v, vi, printing and newspapers. 
 (The Chs. refer to Riverside Literature Series ed.) 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. An outline of the political and economic develop- 
 ment in the pupil's own state, 1 700-1 750. Use, if avail- 
 able, the topics and sub-topics above, so as to indicate 
 what progress was made in these lines in the state. 
 
 B. Same for pupil's own town. 
 
 13. Struggle between France and England for North 
 America, 1 689-1 763. 
 
 a. French explorations and settlements in the St. Law- 
 
 rence and Mississippi valleys, 1604-1718 : •Port Royal 
 in Acadia, 1604; Champlain at Quebec, 1608; La 
 Salle and the Mississippi, 1682 ; settlement of Louisi- 
 ana, 1699; New Orleans, 1718. 
 
 b. Contrast between French and English methods of colo- 
 
 nization in North America : political, religious, social, 
 economic. Parkman, Old Regime in Canada, Ch. xxiv. 
 
 c. The ''Second Hundred Years 1 War between England 
 
 and France,' 1 1689-1815 1 : its world-wide importance; 
 the chief events in America to 1748. Seeley, Expan- 
 sion of England, Ch. ii. See also references in Out- 
 line of European History, pp. 180; 183-185; 190- 
 197 ; Outline of English History, pp. 257-258. 
 
 d. Strength and weakness of the French and of the English 
 
 in 1754. 
 
 l The following table gives the names and dates for Europe and America : — 
 In Europe In America 
 
 (1) War of League of Augsburg 1689-1697 King William's War. 
 
 (2) War of Spanish Succession 1702-1713 Queen Anne's War. 
 
 (3) War of Austrian Succession 1740-1748 King George's War, 1744-1748. 
 
 (4) Seven Years' War 1756-1763 French and Indian War, 1754- 
 
 1763. 
 
 (5) American War *775-i7%3 The American Revolution. 
 
 (6) War against the French Rev- 
 
 olution and Napoleon 1793-1802 
 
 {7) War against Napoleon 1803-18 15 War of 1812 with Great Britain. 
 
316 American History 
 
 (1) In Europe: military resources ; attitude of each 
 of the mother countries toward its colonies. 
 
 (2) In America : geographical conditions ; popula- 
 tion ; military resources ; political, social, economic 
 conditions. Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, Ch. i. 
 Hart, Formation of the Union, Ch. ii. 
 
 e. Expulsion of the French, 1 754-1 763, the "French and 
 Indian War. 1 ' 
 
 (1) Theatre of war ; lines of invasion. 
 
 (2) Causes and beginnings. 
 
 (3) Early failures of the English, 1754-1757. 
 
 (4) New plans and leaders, and conquest of Canada, 
 1757-1760: Pitt; Wolfe; Quebec. Parkman, Mont- 
 calm and Wolfe, II, Chs. xviii, xxiv, xxvii ; Conspiracy 
 of Pontiac, Ch. iv ; Struggle for a Continent (see 
 below) . 
 
 (5) Terms of peace; geographical and political re- 
 sults of war to England, France, America, India. 
 
 Map Work: 
 a. (For all.) Possessions of France, England, and Spain in 
 North America in 1756; English and Spanish posses- 
 sions in North America in 1763. 
 &. Theatre of war ; showing river valleys, lines of inva- 
 sions, forts, battles. Maps for a and b in McLaughlin, 
 American Nation ; for «, in Thwaites, Colonies, and 
 Hart. Formation of the Union ; Sloane, French War 
 and Revolution, for "Colonies, 1756," and "Theatre 
 of War." 
 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Were the English justified in : 
 
 (1) The attempt to expel the Acadians ? 
 
 (2) The method used ? Parkman, Montcalm and 
 Wolfe, I, Ch. vii. Compare Winsor, America, V, 41 5— 
 417, with 452-463. Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 
 126. 
 
 B. Character and work of the older Pitt. Parkman, 
 Montcalm and Wolfe, Ch. xviii, and following. Long- 
 
Outline of American History 317 
 
 man, Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War 
 (Epochs of Modern History). 
 
 C. Battle of the Plains of Abraham and Capture of 
 Quebec. Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, Chs. xxiv-xxv, 
 xxvii-xxviii, especially Ch. xxvii. 
 
 D. The character and work of the Jesuits in North 
 America in the 17th century. Parkman, Jesuits. 
 
 .Review or Examination Topic : 
 
 " The means, the character, and the spirit of the two 
 combatants [in the French and Indian War], and why 
 one succeeded where the other was defeated. 11 
 References : 
 
 Brief Accounts : Thwaites, Colonies, Ch. xii ; together 
 with Hart, Formation of the Union, Ch. ii. McLaughlin, 
 History of the American Nation, Ch. vi. Parkman, 
 Conspiracy of Pontiac, Ch. iv (see also Chs. ii-iii). 
 
 Longer Accounts : The whole subject is most ade- 
 quately treated in the masterly and fascinating narrative 
 of Parkman, France and England in North America, in 
 seven parts, viz. : Pioneers of France in the New World ; 
 Jesuits in North America in the Seventeenth Century; 
 LaSalle and the Discovery of the Great West ; Old Re- 
 gime in Canada ; Count Frontenac and New France 
 under Louis XIV; Half Century of Conflict (2 vols.); 
 Montcalm and Wolfe (2 vols.). See also his Conspiracy 
 of Pontiac, Chs. ii-iv. Especially interesting and valuable 
 are: Pioneers of France, Chs. vii-ix ; Old Regime, Chs. 
 xv, xxiv ; Half Century of Conflict, Ch. iv ; Montcalm 
 and Wolfe, Chs. i, viii, xxvii. Good selections in an 
 abridged edition of Parkman (1 vol.), by Edgar, entitled 
 The Struggle for a Continent ; see especially 256-264, 
 301-308, 333-459. Fiske, New France and New England, 
 Chs. vii-x. Sloane, French War and the Revolution, 
 Chs. iii-ix. Bancroft, II, 137-237, 343-346, 362-366, 
 377-388, 416-512, 520-527, 562-565. Winsor, America, 
 V, Chs. vii-viii. See also Longman, Frederick the 
 Great and the Seven Years 1 War, Ch. xii, and 223-232, 
 
3 1 8 American History 
 
 Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, II, Nos. Ill, 112, 
 122 (independence), 126 (Acadians), 127 (Braddock's 
 defeat), 129 (Fall of Quebec). Hart, Source Book, 
 No. 37 (Deerfield), 39 (Washington's account of Brad- 
 dock's defeat), 40 (Quebec). 
 14. Condition of the Colonies in 1760 (or 1765), Politi- 
 cal, Social, and Economic ; Comparisons between 
 the three sections. 
 
 " Between them [the New England colonies] and Virginia was the contest 
 .'<>r supremacy, while the great Middle colonies held the balance; and the his- 
 tory of that conflict of ideas is the history of the United States " (Lodge, Colo- 
 nies, 475). This suggestive sentence may stimulate discriminating discussion. 
 
 a. Economic Conditions. 
 
 (1) In the Southern colonies (Virginia, the typical 
 colony) : occupations ; means of communication. 
 Lodge. Colonies, Ch. ii. Fiske, Old Virginia, II, Ch. 
 xiv. Eggleston, in Century Magazine, 1 883-1 885 
 (illustrated) ; see especially Vol. 27, " Husbandry." 1 
 
 (2) Contrast between economic conditions in the 
 South and in New England. Compare accounts in the 
 preceding sub-topic with Lodge, Colonies, in Ch. 
 xxii. See also Fiske, Old Virginia, II, 29-35. De- 
 tails may be found in Weeden, Economic and Social 
 History of New England, 2 vols. ; and in Bruce, Eco- 
 nomic History of Virginia in the Eighteenth Century, 
 2 vols. 
 
 (3) Comparison between economic conditions in 
 New England and the Middle colonies. (Pennsyl- 
 vania or New York as typical colony.) See references 
 in preceding sub-topic (2) ; and those in topic c (2) 
 on p. 309 ; or topic g on p. 312. 
 
 b. Social conditions. 
 
 (1) In Southern colonies : classes; slavery; planta- 
 tion life ; religion, churches, and church services ; 
 education ; amusements. (Virginia, typical colony.) 
 
 1 For shorter references than these given tinder each topic, see the Briei 
 Accounts under t/ie General Refer etices at end of this section, page 320. 
 
Outline of American History 319 
 
 Lodge. Fiske. Eggleston, in Century Magazine, 
 Vol. 28, social conditions (including slavery) ; Vol. 30 
 (travel, amusements, etc.); Vol. 29 ("Colonists at 
 Home"). 
 
 (2) Contrast between social conditions in Southern 
 and New England colonies. Lodge, Chs. ii and xxii. 
 See also preceding references, and General References 
 at end. 
 
 (3) Comparison between social conditions in South- 
 ern and Middle colonies. (Pennsylvania or New 
 York as typical colony.) Compare accounts in sub- 
 topic (1) with those in references in topic c (2), p. 309 ; 
 or topic g, p. 312. 
 
 (4) Comparison between social conditions in New 
 England and Middle colonies. (Pennsylvania or New 
 York.) Hart, Formation. Channing, U. S. A., 1765— 
 1865. Lodge, Colonies, Chs. xiii, xvi, xxii. Fiske, 
 Dutch and Quaker Colonies, Ch. xv. Century Maga- 
 zine, Vols. 28-30 (see above in topic b (1)). 
 
 Political conditions. 
 
 (1) Contrast between forms of local government 
 in New England and Virginia: causes and results. 
 Brief account in Fiske, Civil Government, 57-67; or 
 his Old Virginia, II, 34-44. Compare Lodge, Colonies, 
 in Chs. ii and xxii. Briefly in Hart, Formation, in 
 Ch. i. Or recall work in topic e, p. 303. 
 
 (2) The system of local government in New York 
 and Pennsylvania : comparison with New England and 
 Virginia. Thwaites. Hart. Lodge. Fiske, Civil 
 Government. 
 
 (3) The three forms of colonial government. Hart, 
 Formation, 13-15. Fiske, Civil Government, 140-159. 
 Channing, U. S. A., 26-27, 33~3^>- Fuller details in 
 Lodge, Colonies, in Chs. ii, iv, xxii. (See topic g, 
 p. 299 ; topic a, p. 300 ; topic ;/, p. 306.) 
 
 (4) General similarities in political conditions in the 
 thirteen colonies. 
 
20 American History 
 
 d. General conditions. 
 
 (i) Inherited institutions and their development 
 Hart, Formation, 5-10, 16-17. 
 
 (2) Elements in common among the colonists : in- 
 stitutions, character, ideals. Hart, Formation, Ch. i. 
 Channing, U.S.A., 1 765-1 865, in Ch. i. Sloane, 
 French War and the Revolution, Chs. i and ii. Fiske, 
 War of Independence, Ch. ii. 
 
 (3) Effects of diversity and similarity on later de- 
 velopment. 
 
 (4) Means of travel and communication between the 
 colonies. 
 
 (5) Population of the colonies in 1760: numbers; 
 character; distribution. Hart, Formation, 3-5. Chan- 
 ning, U.S.A., 1765-1865, 1-5. 
 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 . A. Colonial amusements. 
 
 B. Slavery in the colonies, 161 9-1 760. 
 
 C. Colonial taverns and turnpikes. (May be made 
 a topic for investigation in local history.) 
 
 D. Religion : including toleration, church and state, 
 and clergymen. 
 
 E. Education and literature. See Fisher, Colonial 
 Era, Ch. xxi. 
 
 F. Foreign Trade. 
 General References : 
 
 Brief Accounts : Hart, Formation of the Union, Ch. f. 
 Channing, U.S.A., 1765-1865, Ch. i. McLaughlin, 
 History American Nation, Ch. vii. Fisher, Colonial 
 Era, closing portions of Chs. xiv-xxi. Fiske, War of 
 Independence, Ch. ii. Sparks, Expansion of the Ameri- 
 can People, Chs. iv-v (illustrated). 
 
 Longer Accounts : Lodge's Short History of the English 
 Colonies in America is the best single book on conditions 
 in all the colonies in 1765. See Chs. ii, iv, vi, viii, x, xiii, 
 xv, xvii, xxii, especially Chs. ii and xxii. Fiske, Old Vir- 
 ginia and Her Neighbors, II, 29-44, and Ch. xiv. Fiske 
 
Outline of American History 321 
 
 Dutch and Quaker Colonies, Chs. xv, xvii. Weeden, 
 Economic and Social History of New England. Eggles- 
 ton, articles in Century Magazine, 1 883-1885 (illustrated), 
 contain much interesting matter, Vols. 27-30. Earle, 
 Sabbath in Puritan New England, Colonial Dames and 
 Goodwives, Customs and Fashions in Old New England, 
 Home Life in Colonial Days (illustrated), Child Life in 
 Colonial Days (illustrated), contain interesting details of 
 colonial social life. Sloane, French War and the Revo- 
 lution, Chs. i-ii. 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, II, Pt. iv, Nos. 80-84 
 (life of the people) ; 85-89 (commerce and currency) ; 
 97-101 (religious life) ; 102-108 (slavery and servitude). 
 Hart, Source Book, Ch. vii (colonial life in the 18th 
 century) ; Ch. viii (colonial government). For further 
 references see Channing and Hart, Guide, § 133. Larned, 
 Literature of American History, especially pp. 69-1 11. 
 VI. Union and Independence, 1760-1783. 
 15. Causes of the American Revolution, 1760-1783. 
 
 a. Underlying causes of the Revolution : fundamental dif- 
 ference in ideas and conditions between England and 
 the colonies in 1760. 
 
 (1) In social conditions (including religion). 
 
 (2) In economic conditions. 
 
 (3) In political ideas and conditions : two kinds of 
 " representation " ; the English view as to the govern- 
 ment of the colonies ; the view in the colonies — ex- 
 amples in the Writs of Assistance and the Parson's 
 Cause. 
 Brief Accounts : Channing, United States of America, 
 
 1765-1865, 25-40. (This portion and the whole "book 
 written in a scholarly, catholic spirit.") Fiske, War of 
 Independence, 18-20, 58-64. Fiske, American Revolu- 
 tion, Ch. i, especially 1-4, 32-45. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Sloane, French War and Revolution, 
 Chs. i and x. For the views of two eminent Englishmen, 
 read: (1) Lecky, American Revolution (being chapters 
 
322 American History 
 
 from his History of England in the 18th Century), 38- 
 52, for a discriminating view of the political and com- 
 mercial relations between colonies and mother country ; 
 (2) Trevelyan, American Revolution, Part I, 44-99, 
 for a brilliant picture of the contrast between life in 
 England and America, very appreciative of the American 
 ideals. Otis's arguments in connection with the Writs 
 of Assistance and Patrick Henry's in the Parson's Cause 
 may serve as examples of the American theory : well 
 treated in Channing, Student's History, and his U. S. A., 
 1 765-1 865 ; Parson's Cause, more fully in Tyler's Patrick 
 Henry, Ch. iv ; Otis on Writs of Assistance, American 
 History Leaflets, No. 33. For the English view in 1765, 
 see Lecky, American Revolution, Ch. i. 
 The immediate causes ot the Revolution, 1 763-1 774, 
 resulting from these fundamental differences. 
 
 (1) Grenville's three new schemes of colonial con- 
 trol. (" These three measures produced the American 
 Revolution.") Hart, Formation of Union, 44-50 and 
 following. Channing, U. S. A., 1765-1865, 39-48. 
 Fiske, War of Independence, 39-51. Lecky, American 
 Revolution, 50 and following (or in Ch. xi of his 
 History of England in 18th Century). 
 
 (2) The trade laws and attempts at enforcement. 
 Hart, Formation, 17, 19, 44-48. Sloane, French War 
 and Revolution, 1 19-120, 124-125. Lecky, American 
 Revolution, 42-48, 52-56. Winsor, America, VI, 6-14, 
 23-26. 
 
 (3) The Stamp Act. 
 
 (a) Its purpose. Lecky, 60-62, 66-68. Win- 
 sor, America, VI, 15-18. 
 
 {b) The arguments of its supporters. Hart, 
 Contemporaries, No. 138. Lecky, 71-73, 77, 
 86-89. 
 
 (V) The arguments of its opponents. Hart, 
 Contemporaries, II, Nos. 140-143 (Cambridge 
 Town Meeting, Stamp Act Congress, Pitt, 
 
Outline of American History 323 
 
 Franklin). Lecky, 75"79> 8 9"92- The Decla- 
 ration of Rights by the Stamp Act Congress is 
 also in MacDonald, Select Charters, No. 59; 
 Preston, Documents, 1 88-1 91 ; or Lamed, His- 
 tory for Ready Reference, article " United States, 11 
 under date 1765. Patrick Henry's speech is in 
 Tyler's Henry, Ch. v. 
 Brief Accounts of Stamp Act : Hart, Formation, 48-53- 
 Fiske, War of Independence, 51-63, or his Revolution, 
 15-27. Channing, U. S. A., 1765-1865, 48-56. 
 Longer Accounts : Lecky, 67-97. Winsor, America, 
 
 VI, 15-35- 
 
 (4) The Townshend Acts and resistance to them, 
 1 767-1 769. Fiske, War of Independence, 64-76 ; Revo- 
 lution, I, 28-32, 46-66. Winsor, America, VI, 35-47- 
 Lecky, 107-115, 1 18-123. The Acts in MacDonald, 
 Charters, Nos. 62-64. 
 
 (a) Massachusetts Circular Letter, 1768. 
 MacDenald, Charters, No. 65. 
 
 (b) Pennsylvania Farmer's Letters. Hart, 
 Contemporaries, II, No. 149- 
 
 (c) Virginia Resolves of 1769. MacDonald, 
 Charters, No. 66. Channing, U. S. A., 1765- 
 1865, Appendix. 
 
 (5) Boston Massacre, 1770- Fiske > Revolution, I, 
 65-72, interesting and suggestive. Compare Lecky, 
 126-131. Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 151. 
 
 (6) Committees of Correspondence, local and colo- 
 nial, 1772 and 1773- Fiske, Revolution, I, 77-8o. 
 Winsor, America, VI, 53"57, facsimile of letter of 
 Boston Committee of Correspondence, 55. 
 
 (7) Boston Tea Party, 1773- Fiske > Revolution, I, 
 81-93. 
 
 Sources: Old South Leaflets, No. 68. Hart, Contem- 
 poraries, II, No. 152. 
 
 (8) The five repressive acts of 1774, the "Intolerable 
 Acts." Acts in MacDonald, Charters (except Quebec 
 
324 American History- 
 
 Act), Nos. 68-71. Fiske, Revolution, I, 93-99. Lecky, 
 165-175. 
 
 (9) Continental Congress, 1774. 
 
 (a) Demand for it. Fiske, Revolution, I, 
 ioo-no. 
 
 (b) Declaration and Resolves. MacDonald, 
 Charters, No. 72. Preston, Documents, 192-198. 
 
 (c) American Association and Non-Importa- 
 tion Agreement. MacDonald, Charters, No. 
 J2,- Preston, Documents, 199-205. 
 
 c. A summary of the causes of the American Revolution : 
 brief, but in chronological order, and with definite 
 examples. 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Popular feeling in America, 1 765-1 775 : as shown 
 in handbills, broad-sides, songs, and illustrations. Stamp 
 Act: McLaughlin, American Nation, 176-179; Winsor, 
 America, VI, 33. Non-importation and boycotting in 
 Boston, 1767-1770: Winsor, VI, 77-80. Boston Mas- 
 sacre: Winsor, VI, 48, 89; McLaughlin, 182, 188. Tea 
 handbills and posters : Channing, Students' History, 182 ; 
 Winsor, VI, 92, 93. Following are all in Winsor, Amer- 
 ica, VI: Liberty sentiments, 1 769-1 770, 86-87; Boston 
 Committee of Correspondence, 1773, 55 ; Regarding Acts 
 of 1774, 61, 97; Virtual Representation, 1775, 103. 
 
 B. Modern English views of the causes of the Revo- 
 lution. Seeley, Expansion of England, Ch. iv, especially 
 65 and following. Lecky, American Revolution in Ch. i, 
 especially pages cited above in topics a and b, and 154- 
 194. Compare Lecky's account of the Stamp Act with 
 Bancroft's. Or read accounts in text-books on English 
 History by Englishmen : e.g., Green, Gardiner, Bright. 
 A fascinating picture, favorable to the Americans, in Tre- 
 velyan, American Revolution, I. Two Pts. in 3 vols., so 
 far published (1903). 
 
 C. What were some of the chief constitutional prin- 
 ciples involved in the disputes, 1 760-1 774, with specific 
 illustrations of each? 
 
Outline of American History 325 
 
 D. How Samuel Adams stirred up the spirit of Revo- 
 lution. Fiske, Revolution. Hosmer, Samuel Adams. 
 Ge7ieral References for sections 15 and 16: see end of next 
 section, on the Revolution. 
 16. The Revolution, 1 775-1 783. 
 Map Work: 
 
 (1) Sketch map, showing three fields of campaign 
 (New England, Middle states, the South), with dates 
 (see topics 6, c, d) for. each of three regions, and for 
 ten or twelve most important battles. 1 
 
 (2) Boundaries proposed by French court, 1782. 
 Channing, Students' History, 227. Fiske, Critical 
 Period, 21. Winsor, America, VII, 148. 
 
 (3) (For all.) Territory of the United States accord- 
 ing to the Treaty of 1783, showing also the territory 
 of Spain and England. Channing, Students 1 History, 
 229; U.S.A., 1765-1865,1. McLaughlin, American 
 Nation, 219. Hart, Formation of the Union, map 3, 
 end of volume ; same in Epoch Maps, No. 7. 
 
 a. Comparison of antagonists : population ; resources ; lead- 
 
 ers ; 2 theatre of war ; strategy. Hart, Formation of 
 the Union, 70-73. Channing, U.S.A., 1765-1865, 
 72-80. 
 
 b. The campaign in New England, 1 775-1 776: importance 
 
 of Lexington and Concord, of Bunker Hill, of Evacua- 
 tion of Boston. Fiske, War of Independence, 85-95. 
 Lecky, American Revolution, 201-205, 2 3° _2 34- 
 Longer Accounts: Fiske, Revolution, I, 120-146, 169- 
 172. Very readable account in Trevelyan, American Rev- 
 olution, in Chs. ix-xi, especially 310, 327-338, 409-411. 
 
 c. The turning of the tide in the Middle states, 1 776-1 780. 
 
 (1) The work of Washington. Fiske, War of Inde- 
 
 1 A convenient way in this and other maps to save space and avoid crowding 
 territory with names is to put dates, etc., along the coast. 
 
 2 British commanders in chief were : Gage, 1774-1775 ; Howe, 1775-May, 
 1778; Clinton, May, 1778-May, 1782. (See Bancroft, History, iii, 148; iv, 269; 
 v, 270, 555.) 
 
326 American History 
 
 pendence, 120-122, 138-143; Revolution, I, 229-238, 
 306-307, 317. Lodge, Washington, I, 1 71-179, 199-205. 
 
 (2) Burgoyne's Campaign. Fiske, War of Inde- 
 pendence, 125-137, 142-143. Lecky, Revolution, 321- 
 327. Fiske, Revolution, I, Chs. vi-vii. 
 
 (3) The French Alliance : political effects ; military 
 aid. Fiske, War of Independence, 144-160, 177-180. 
 Lecky, 295-310, 328-329. Suggestive article by Emil 
 Reich, A New View of the Revolutionary War, North 
 A?nerican Review, July, 1903. 
 
 d. Campaign in the South, 1 778-1 781. Fiske, War of 
 
 Independence, 163-166, 171-180. Channing, U. S. A., 
 96-102. Lecky, Revolution, 448-455 (Yorktown cam- 
 paign). Fiske, Revolution, II, 274-286. 
 
 e. Growth toward Independence, 1 775-1 776. Good gen- 
 
 eral accounts in Channing, Students 1 History, 198- 
 206; Fiske, Revolution, I, 157-164, 172-197. 
 
 (1) King's rejection of "Olive Branch" Petition. 
 Fiske, Revolution, I, 158-160. Frothingham, Repub- 
 lic, 435, 444-447, 45 J - 
 
 (2) Formation of new state governments. Hart, 
 Formation, 81-82. Fiske, Revolution, I, 157-158, 
 180-182. Fiske, Civil Government, 161-166. Fiske, 
 Critical Period, 63-71. 
 
 Source: Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 187 (constitu- 
 tion of New Hampshire). 
 
 (3) Beginning of a national government, 1775. 
 Hart, Formation, 74-77. Fiske, Civil Government, 
 204-207 ; Fiske, Critical Period, 90-93. 
 
 (4) Hiring of the "foreign mercenaries. 11 Fiske, 
 Revolution, I, 160-163, 172-173. 
 
 (5) Thomas Pained "Common Sense." Fiske, 
 Revolution, I, 173-175. 
 
 Sources: Quotations in Hart, Contemporaries, II, 
 No. 186. Bancroft, History, IV, 313-315. 
 
 f. The Declaration of Independence. Read it through 
 
 carefully and state : 
 
Outline of American History 32 
 
 (1) Its ideas as to the source and the purpose of 
 democratic government. 
 
 (2) Some of the definite acts referred to in the list 
 of grievances. The Declaration is to be found in the 
 appendix to most school histories ; in Old South Leaf- 
 lets, No. 3 ; MacDonald, Select Documents, No. i ; 
 Preston, Documents, 210-217. The original draft is 
 in American History Leaflets, No. 11. (Note what 
 omissions were made and why.) For a suggestive 
 criticism on the frankness of the Declaration, read 
 Goldwin Smith, United States : an Outline of Political 
 History, 1492-1871, 87-89. Compare Bigelow, in 
 Cambridge Modern History, VII, Ch. vi. 
 
 g. The Treaty of Peace, 1783. Channing. Students 1 His- 
 tory, 225-231. Hart, Formation, 95-98. 
 Longer Accounts: Fiske, Critical Period, Ch. i, espe- 
 cially 17-37, 44-45- Lecky, American Revolution, 462- 
 485. 
 
 Sources: Treaty in MacDonald, Documents, No. 3. 
 Explanation, in Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 217. 
 h. Difficulties of the Americans. Hart, Formation, 89-95. 
 Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 195. The 
 text-book and other accounts will suggest other difficul- 
 ties and dangers which arose during the war. 
 i. Services of Washington in the Revolution. Lecky, 
 Revolution, 209-214 (or in Ch. xi of his History of 
 England in 18th Century). Goldwin Smith, United 
 States, 96-98. Fiske, War of Independence, 109-1 1 1 . 
 The services suggested above in connection with topic 
 c and accompanying references should be included. 
 /. Patriotism and lack of patriotism during the Revolution. 
 
 (1) For instances of patriotism, the text-books and 
 books mentioned in the references above will prove 
 helpful. 
 
 (2) For lack of patriotism : Lecky, Revolution, 374- 
 377, 227-230, especially quotation from Washington, 
 in notes, 228-229, 376 ; Goldwin Smith, United States, 
 
328 American History 
 
 100-105, a ^ s0 including quotations from Washington. 
 
 Source: Hart, Contemporaries, II, Nos. 160 and 170. 
 
 k. Causes of success : American, English, European factors. 
 
 (1) Summary. Hart, Formation, 89. Channing, 
 United States of America, 73-80. 
 
 (2) The importance of the aid of France. Lecky, 
 American Revolution, 398-399, 443-447 (or in Ch. 
 xiv of his History of England in the 18th Century). 
 Channing, U. S. A., 79-80. Fiske, Revolution, II, 
 201-203. See also references above, in topic c (3). 
 
 (3) " How England was hampered and weakened." 
 Fiske, War of Independence, 157-160; more fully in 
 his Revolution, II, 1 30-161, 286-287. 
 
 /. The widespread results of the Revolution in America 
 and Europe. Hart, Formation, 99-101. Fiske, Rev- 
 olution, II, 290. Bancroft, V, 580. Compare with 
 Goldwin Smith, United States, 113-119. Seeley, Ex- 
 pansion of England, Ch. vii, suggestive on the impor- 
 tance of the Revolution and its results. 
 m. Justification of the Revolution. Hart, Formation, 64-68. 
 Source : From the Declaration of Independence give 
 such of its principles and statements as to-day may be 
 fairly regarded as just grounds for the Revolution. For 
 text of Declaration, see references above in topic/ (2). 
 71. Advantages and disadvantages of the Revolution. Hart, 
 Contemporaries, II, No. 220. Goldwin Smith, United 
 States, 1 1 3-1 19. 
 Additional Topics ; 
 
 A. Franklin's services to America in the Revolution. 
 Morse, Franklin. Ford, Many-sided Franklin. Hale, 
 Franklin in France. 
 
 B. The Loyalists and their treatment. Tyler, Literary 
 History of the Revolution. Sabine. Van Tyne. 
 
 C. The Conway Cabal. 
 
 D. Arnold's treason. Fiske, Revolution, Ch. xiv. 
 
 E. Naval warfare ; John Paul Jones. Fiske, Revolu- 
 tion, Ch. xii. Maclay, Navy, I. Winsor, VI, Ch. vii. 
 
Outline of American History 329 
 
 F. The services of foreign officers in the American 
 army. 
 
 G. Account of a battle in which a pupil's ancestor 
 took part. See references below. 
 
 H. John Andre and Nathan Hale. 
 
 I. Diplomacy of the Revolution. 
 
 /. The Revolution in the minds and hearts of the 
 people. 
 General References (for the Revolution and its causes) (for 
 specific references see topics in sections 15 and 16) : 
 
 Brief Accounts : Channing, U. S. A., 1765-1865. Hart, 
 Formation of the Union Suggestive, and giving modern 
 English point of view, are : Seeley, Expansion of Eng- 
 land ; Goldwin Smith, United States, 1492-1871. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Very judicious and broadening, 
 Lecky, The American Revolution (being selections 
 from Lecky, History of England in 18th Century, edited 
 by Woodburn). Another brilliant English account, very 
 favorable to the Americans, Trevelyan, American Revo- 
 lution (three volumes published, 1903, to 1777). Ex- 
 cellent short account in Fiske, War of Independence 
 (Riverside Literature Series), mere fully in his two vol- 
 ume American Revolution, and his illuminating Criti- 
 cal Period. Valuable material, especially bibliographical 
 and illustrative, in Winsor, America, VI. Sloane, French 
 War and the Revolution. Frothingham, Rise of the 
 Republic. Very full account in Bancroft, History. 
 For details of battles, consult Lossing, Pictorial Field 
 Book of the Revolution ; Carrington, Battles of the 
 American Revolution (with military criticisms) ; Daw- 
 son, Battles of the United States (with selections from 
 documents). Further details may be found in magazine 
 articles referred to in Poole's Index to Periodical Litera- 
 ture ; and very valuable material in the Collections of 
 State Historical Societies and in the collections of 
 Documents published by the various states. For the 
 Loyalists, or Tories, see Tyler, Literary History of the 
 
330 American History 
 
 Revolution ; Van Tyne, The Loyalists in the American 
 Revolution ; Sabine, Loyalists. Interesting material in 
 the biographies in the American Statesmen Series : e.g. 
 Hosmer, Samuel Adams ; Tyler, Patrick Henry ; Lodge, 
 Washington ; Morse, Franklin ; and in Ford, Many-sided 
 Franklin, and True George Washington. On economic 
 questions, Beers, Commercial Policy of England toward 
 the American Colonies (Columbia University Studies in 
 History, etc., Ill, No. 2. N.Y., 1893). 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, II, Pts. vi-viii ; Source 
 Book, Ch. ix. MacDonald, Charters (to 1776) ; 
 and his Documents. Preston, Documents. American 
 History Leaflets, Nos. 11, 20, 21, 33. Old South Leaf- 
 lets, Nos. 2, 3, 47, 68, 97, 98. For documents, see 
 the three following works. 
 Further References in Channing and Hart, Guide, §§ 133-143 5 
 Winsor, Reader's Handbook of the American Revolu- 
 tion ; Larned, Literature of American History, pp 
 m-152. 
 VII. The Critical Period, 1783-1789. 
 17. Confederation and Constitution. Part I. Con- 
 federation. 
 a. Articles of Confederation : history of formation ; leading 
 features ; defects ; merits ; attempts to amend. 
 Walker, Making of the Nation, 1-14 (obstacles to 
 union, 1-6). Hart, Formation of the Union, 93-95, 104, 
 118. Schouler, I, 14-17. Fiske, Critical Period, 90- 
 101. Winsor, America, VII, Ch. iii. 
 
 Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, II, No. 189. Text of 
 the Articles in American History Leaflets, No. 20 ; Old 
 South Leaflets, No. 2 ; MacDonald, Documents, No. 2 ; 
 Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. xv ; Fiske, Civil Govern- 
 ment, Appendix A. Proposed amendments, American 
 History Leaflets, No. 28. Defects of the confederation, 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 41, 54, 59. Note in the 
 Articles especially: Art. IV (interstate citizenship); 
 Art. V (representation in Congress) ; Art. VIII (modi 
 
Outline of American History 331 
 
 of supplying the national treasury) ; Art. IX, § 6 (vot- 
 ing) ; Art. XIII (amendment). 
 b. Weakness of the government : dealings with the army : 
 
 foreign relations. 
 
 Fiske, Critical Period, 105-119 (army); 1 19-144 
 (Tories, English trade); 157-162 (Barbary pirates); 
 207-211 (Mississippi question). McMaster, I, Chs. ii, 
 iv (use table of contents). 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 38 (New- 
 burgh address) ; Nos.49, 50 (trade restrictions) ; No. 53 
 (John Adams's presentation to George III) ; No. 45 
 (Mississippi question). Hart, Source Book, No. 66. 
 €. Disorders in the states : boundary disputes ; trade dis- 
 criminations ; paper-money craze. 
 
 Walker, Making of the Nation, 14-19. 'Fiske, Critical 
 Period, 144-153, 168-186. McMaster, I, 210-216 (Wyo- 
 ming valley trouble), 281 and following (paper-money). 
 
 Source: Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 55, 58 
 (Shays 1 rebellion) . 
 d. Social, economic, and political conditions, and progress, 
 
 1 783-1 789. 
 
 Detailed accounts in: Fiske, Critical Period, Ch. ii, 
 McMaster, I, Ch. i. 
 
 Source: Hart, Contemporaries, III, Part II. 
 #. The Northwest Territory : claims of the states ; cessions 
 
 (influence of Maryland) ; organization of the territory ; 
 
 rights guaranteed to people. 
 
 Fiske, Critical Period, 187-207. On present govern- 
 ment of territories, see Bryce, American Commonwealth 
 (abridged edition), Ch. xlvi ; or I, Ch. xlvii. Hart, 
 Actual Government. Hinsdale, American Government, 
 Ch. xli. Hinsdale, Old Northwest. 
 
 Sources: Cessions of the states, American History 
 Leaflets, No. 22. Text of Ordinance of 1787, Mac- 
 Donald, Documents, No. 4; Old South Leaflets, No. 13. 
 On the formation of the Ordinance, see Hart, Con- 
 temporaries, III, Nos. 43 (Ordinance of 1784), 46; 
 
332 American History- 
 
 Source Book, No. 67. See, also, Contemporaries, III, 
 No. 42. Old South Leaflets, No. 40 (Cutler's description 
 of Ohio), Nos. 16, 41 (Washington's interest in the 
 West). Other interesting accounts of the West, in Con- 
 temporaries, III, Ch. v. 
 Map Work: 
 
 The claims of the states to western lands. Epoch 
 maps, No. 6. (Same in Hart, Formation of Union 5 
 map 3.) 
 Part II. Constitution. 
 
 f. The Federal Convention : steps leading to convention ; 
 the great compromises ; find in the Constitution the 
 clauses which constitute the great compromises. (For 
 the text, see American History Leaflets, No. 8 ; Old 
 South Leaflets, No. 1 ; MacDonald, Documents, No. 5 ; 
 Fiske, Civil Government, Appendix B ; and in most 
 school histories.) 
 
 Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation of the Union, 121- 
 128. Winsor, America, VII, 237-246. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Fiske, Critical Period, 222-305 
 Gay, Madison, Chs. vii, viii. Schouler, I, 23-47 . 
 McMaster, I, Ch. iv. Bancroft, VI (last revision). 
 Farrand, in American Historical Review, 1904, Vol. IX, 
 No. 3. 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, III, Ch. x (includes a 
 short sketch of some of the members of the convention 
 and extracts from the debates on the election of senators 
 and on slavery). Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. xvii 
 (useful marginal notes to the Constitution). Old 
 South Leaflets, No. 70 (debate on the suffrage in Con- 
 gress) ; No. 99 (extracts from letters of Washington). 
 
 g. Ratification of the Constitution. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation of the Union, 128- 
 135. Walker, Making of the Nation, 51-62. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Fiske, Critical Period, Ch. vii. Gay, 
 Madison, Ch. ix. McMaster, I, Ch. v. Schouler, I, 
 60-78. Bancroft, VI. 
 
Outline of American History 333 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, III, Ch. xi. Source 
 Book, No. 68 (Mason's objections to the Constitution), 
 No. 69 (a common-sense argument for the Constitution). 
 Old South Leaflets, No. 12 (first two numbers of the 
 Federalist). American Orations (Woodburn's revision), 
 I, 39 (Hamilton's speech in the New York Convention), 
 53 (Madison's speech in the Virginia Convention). 
 M. Preliminary study of the Federal Constitution. 
 
 (1) Congress: numbers, terms, qualifications and 
 mode of election of members of each branch ; mode of 
 making laws (three possible ways) ; powers of Con- 
 gress ; special powers of each House (what special or 
 exclusive powers does the Senate have as compared 
 with the House?) ; find in the Constitution all the acts 
 which require more than a simple majority vote. 
 
 (2) The President : qualifications, term, manner of 
 election (comparison of old and present methods) ; 
 powers (note relations with Congress, and appointing 
 power) . 
 
 (3) The judiciary : kinds of courts ; tenure of judges ; 
 jurisdiction of courts (general features only). 
 
 (4) Division of powers between state and national 
 government. 
 
 Constitution. For brief comment, any Civil Govern- 
 ment, e.g. Fiske, Strong and Shafer, Morey, Hinsdale's 
 American Government. 
 
 Bryce, American Commonwealth (very valuable). A 
 helpful guide to Bryce is Clark's Outline of Civics. Hart, 
 Actual Government. Wilson, Congressional Government. 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Describe the two forms of territorial government 
 laid down in the Ordinance of 1787. 
 
 B. Find four or five rights guaranteed to the people 
 of the northwest territory, and note their appearance in 
 the Constitution. 
 
 C. Compare the Constitution with the Articles of 
 Confederation with reference to: (1) representation; 
 
334 American History 
 
 (2) methods of raising money ; (3) voting in Congress ; 
 (4) amendments. 
 
 D. How has the Constitution remedied the defects 
 enumerated in Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 41, 54 ? 
 
 E. Contemporary arguments against ratification of the 
 Constitution. Contemporaries, III, Ch. xi ; Source Book, 
 No. 68. 
 
 F. The contest over ratification in Massachusetts ; in 
 New York; in Virginia. Contemporaries, III, Ch. xi. 
 Fiske, Critical Period, Ch. vii. McMaster, I, Ch. v. 
 Lodge, Hamilton, 64-73. Hosmer, Samuel Adams, 392- 
 401. Tyler, Patrick Henry, Ch. xviii. American Ora- 
 tions, I. Hart, Source Book, No. 69. 
 
 VIII. The Federalist Supremacy, 1789-1801. 
 18. Organization of the National Government. 
 
 a. Inauguration ; executive departments ; inferior courts s 
 
 first ten amendments. 
 
 Brief Accounts : Walker, Making of the Nation, 88-99. 
 Fiske, Civil Government, 236-240, 250-252 (on present 
 departments). 
 
 Longer Accounts : McMaster, I, Ch. vi. Schouler, I, Ch. 
 ii. Bryce, Commonwealth (abridged edition), Ch. viii 
 (cabinet) ; Ch. xxi (Federal courts, descriptive of pres- 
 ent conditions). 
 
 Sources : Constitution, Art. II, section 1 ; section 2, 
 clause 1 ; Art. Ill, section 1 ; Amendments, I-X. Hart, 
 Contemporaries, III, No. jj (proceedings in Congress), 
 No. 79 (hospitality of the Senate to President Washing- 
 ton). Both of these extracts are from the interesting 
 journal of Senator William Maclay. No. 81 (office-seek- 
 ers). Source Book, No. 71 (Maclay, on Washington) * 
 Old South Leaflets, No. 10 (inaugural address), No. 65 
 (address to churches). See, for entire period, Historical 
 Sources in Schools, § 80. 
 
 b. Financial system, and formation of the Republican party. 
 
 (1) Tariff. Taussig, Tariff History, 8-16. Lodge, 
 Hamilton, 108-114 (report on manufactures). Hart, 
 
Outline of American History 335 
 
 Contemporaries, III, No. 78 (first tariff debate). Mac- 
 donald. Documents, No. 12 (Hamilton's report on 
 manufactures). 
 
 (2) Debts. Lodge, Hamilton, 1 17-129. Hart, Con- 
 temporaries, III, No. 76 ; MacDonald, Documents, 
 No. 6 (Hamilton's first report on the public credit). 
 Source Book, No. 73 (Jefferson's account of the com- 
 promise on assumption). 
 
 (3) Excise. MacDonald, Documents, No. 8 (Ham- 
 ilton's second report on public credit). 
 
 (4) National Bank. Lodge, Hamilton, 98-105. 
 Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 82. MacDonald, 
 Documents, Nos. 9 (Hamilton's report), 10 (Jeffer- 
 son's opinion on constitutionality), 11 (Hamilton's 
 opinion on constitutionality). 
 
 (5) Formation of parties. Hart, Contemporaries, 
 III, Nos. 83, 85 (Jefferson's opinion of Hamilton), 86 
 (Hamilton's opinion of Jefferson). 
 
 References : 
 
 Walker, Making of the Nation, 78-87. Schouler, I, 
 Ch. ii. (use table of contents). McMaster, I, Ch. vi ; 
 II, Ch. vii. Lodge, Washington, II, 103-120. Lodge, 
 Hamilton, Ch. vii. Morse, Jefferson, 100-129. Gay, 
 Madison, Chs. xi, xii. 
 c. The new government tested : Whiskey Rebellion ; Indian 
 
 Wars. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Walker, Making, 103-107, 123-125. 
 Lodge, Hamilton, 180-184. 
 
 Longer Accounts: Lodge, Washington, II, 81-103, 
 120-128. McMaster, II, Ch. ix. Schouler, I. Von 
 Hoist, I, 94-104. 
 
 Source: MacDonald, Documents, No. 15 (Washing- 
 ton's message, 1794). 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. "Our Republican Court: 11 titles, ceremonials. 
 levees. Lodge, Washington, II, 50-57. Schouler, I, 
 Ch. ii. McMaster, I, Ch. vi. 
 
336 American History 
 
 B. The First Slavery Debates : import tax ; petitions ; 
 fugitive slave law, 1793. Gay, Madison, in Ch. xi. 
 Schouler, I. McMaster, I. MacDonald, Documents, 
 No. 7. Constitution, I, section 9, clause 1 ; IV, section 2, 
 clause 3. 
 
 C. Political writings : newspapers, pamphlets, foreign 
 editors. Schouler, I (use table of contents). Hart, 
 Contemporaries, III, No. 87 (an extract from the 
 National Gazette). 
 
 D. Find in the Constitution three limitations on the 
 power of Congress to tax. 
 
 19 Foreign Relations, 1 793-1 800. 
 
 a. Outbreak of war between England and France. (See 
 
 Outline of European History, pp. 190-194.) Procla- 
 mation of neutrality is in MacDonald, Documents, No. 
 13. Criticism in Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 94. 
 
 b. Relations with France : Genet ; X, Y, Z affair ; war of 
 
 1798; treaty of 1800. Hart, Contemporaries, III, 
 Nos. 95 (Genet) ; 99 (X, Y, Z). Pennsylvania Re- 
 prints, VI, No. 2 (X, Y, Z). MacDonald, Documents,- 
 No. 16. Turner, Diplomatic Contest for Mississippi 
 Valley, Atlantic, May-June, 1904; article on Genet in 
 American Historical Review, July, 1898. 
 
 c. Relations with England : Jay's Treaty ; constitutional 
 
 questions involved (Schouler, I, 321-329). Important 
 extracts in MacDonald, Documents, No. 14. For 
 Fisher Ames's famous defence of the treaty in the 
 House of Representatives, see Hart, Contemporaries, 
 III, No. 97 ; or Johnston's American Orations, I. 
 Gallatin's speech is in the latter volume. Pellew, Jay, 
 Ch. xi. 
 
 d. Relations with Spain : Mississippi question and the treaty 
 of 1795. Ogg, Opening of the Mississippi, 411-459. 
 
 General References : 
 
 Brief Account: Walker, Making of the Nation, 99- 
 103, 115-123, 137-144- 
 Longer Accounts: Lodge, Washington, II, Ch. iv 
 
Outline of American History 337 
 
 Lodge, Hamilton, Chs. viii, ix (first part) . Gay, Madison, 
 193-222. Morse, Jefferson, Ch. x. Magruder, Marshall, 
 Ch. vii. Morse, Adams, 269-283. 
 
 Source : Hart, Source Book, Nos. 74, 75. 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Attacks on Washington. McMaster, II (use table 
 of contents). 
 
 B. Washington's Farewell Address. Old South Leaf- 
 lets, No. 4. Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. xviii. 
 
 C. Treaties: How made? May the House refuse to 
 vote money necessary to carry out a treaty ? Can a treaty 
 alter a law of the United States ? Can a law supersede a 
 treaty? Constitution, Art. II, section 2, clause 2. Art. I, 
 section 9, clause 7. Art. VI, clause 2. McMaster, II, 
 266-276. Bryce, Commonwealth, 78-80 (or I, 106-109). 
 
 20. Fall of the Federalists, 1 798-1 801. 
 
 a. Alien and Sedition Acts ; Virginia and Kentucky Reso- 
 
 lutions. . The text of the acts and resolutions is in 
 American History Leaflets, No. 15 ; MacDonald, Docu- 
 ments, Nos. 16-23. 
 Brief Account: Walker, Making of the Nation, 149- 
 
 155- 
 
 Longer Accounts : Gay, Madison, Ch. xv. Von Hoist, 
 I, 141-167. McMaster, II, 389-403; Ch. xi (sedition 
 trials, use index). 
 
 Sources : Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 101, 104. 
 Constitution, Amendments, I. American Orations, I 
 (Nicholas on the sedition act). 
 
 b. Party organization and conflicts, and the election of 
 
 1 800-1 80 1. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Walker, Making of the Nation, 157- 
 167. Lodge, Hamilton, 225-236. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Stanwood, Presidential Elections : 
 or History of the Presidency. Schouler, I, 472-500. 
 McMaster, II, Ch. xi (use table of contents). 
 
 Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 103, 105 
 Constitution, Art. II, section 1. 
 
338 American History 
 
 IX. The Jeffersonian Republicans, 1801-1817. 
 
 21. General Principles and Domestic Policy of Jeffer- 
 
 son's Administration. 
 
 a. Inaugural address. American Orations, I. Old South 
 
 Leaflets, No. 104. Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 106. 
 A Federalist's comment on Jefferson, Hart, Source 
 Book, No. 77. Hart, Formation of Union, 176-179. 
 Longer criticism in Henry Adams, I, Ch. vii. Henry 
 Adams, History of the United States (during the ad- 
 ministrations of Jefferson and Madison), is the best 
 authority for the period 1801-1817. Morse, Jefferson, 
 209-218. Schouler, II, 1-4. 
 
 b. The civil service under Jefferson. Hart, Formation, 179- 
 
 1S0. Morse, Jefferson, 218-225. Schouler, II, 6-12. 
 Source: Contemporaries, III, No. 107. 
 
 c. The attack on the judiciary: Schouler, II, 86-89. 
 
 McMaster, III, 162-183. Henry Adams, II, 143 
 (Pickering) ; Ch. x (trial of Chase). Adams, John 
 Randolph, 130-152. 
 
 Source : Constitution, Art. I, section 2, clause 5 ; section 
 3, clauses 6, 7. 
 
 d. Financial policy : reduction of debt ; retrenchment in 
 
 army and navy. Hart, Formation, 182-183. Schouler, 
 II, 22-25. Walker, 175. Henry Adams, I, 238-243. 
 Stevens, Gallatin, Ch. vi. 
 
 22, Expansion. 
 
 a. Louisiana Purchase ; territorial and constitutional impor- 
 tance. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation, 185-187. Walker, 
 Making, 177-184. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Gilman, Monroe, 74-93. H. Adams, 
 II (best account). Schouler, II, 40-59. McMaster, II, 
 Ch. xiii; III, Ch. xiv. Von Hoist, I, 183-192 (chiefly a 
 discussion of its constitutionality). Roosevelt, Winning 
 of the West, IV, Ch. vi. Hosmer, History of the Louisi- 
 ana Purchase. Ogg, Opening of the Mississippi. Turner. 
 in Atlantic, May-June, 1904, 
 
Outline of American History 339 
 
 Sources : American Orations, I (Josiah Quincy on the 
 admission of Louisiana as a state). Contemporaries, III, 
 Nos. iu-114, 123 (Quincy 's speech). Source Book, 
 No. 78. MacDonald, Documents, No. 24 (Treaty of ces- 
 sion). Old South Leaflets, No. 105 (Louisiana in 1803). 
 b. Oregon; Lewis and Clark expedition, 1 803-1 806. Mc- 
 
 Master, II, 633-635 ; III, 142-144. Henry Adams, II, 
 
 12, 215. Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, Ch. vii. 
 
 Sources : Old South Leaflets, No. 44 (Jefferson's in- 
 structions to Lewis). Contemporaries, III, No. 115 (ex- 
 tract from report of Lewis and Clark). Source Book, 
 No. 80 (Gass's Journal). S<?e, also, Larned, Literature 
 of American History, pp. 1 72-1 81. 
 Map: 
 
 The United States at the close of Jefferson's first term. 
 Hart, Formation, map 4 ; same in Epoch Maps. 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. The Federalists' Secession Projects. Hart, For- 
 mation, 188-189. Schouler, II, 68-75. McMaster, III, 
 42-53. Von Hoist, I, 183-199. 
 
 B. Why did Hamilton accept Burr's challenge? Lodge, 
 Hamilton, 251-271. 
 
 C. Burr's conspiracy. Hart, Formation, 1 89-191. 
 Walker, Making of the Nation, 206-208. Morse, Jeffer- 
 son, 280-285. McMaster, III, 54-88. Constitution, Art. 
 Ill, section 3, clauses 1, 2. Schouler, II, 133-139. Mc- 
 Caleb, The Aaron Burr Conspiracy. 
 
 D. War with the Barbary Pirates. Hart, Formation, 
 184-185. Schouler, II, 17-20, 75-78. McMaster, II, 
 Ch. xiii; III, 200-208. Henry Adams, I, 244; II, 425. 
 Maclay, United States Navy, I. 
 
 Source : Contemporaries, III, No. 108. 
 23. Struggle for Neutral Rights. (See Outline of Euro- 
 pean History, pp. 195-196.) 
 
 a. Aggressions by England and France on neutral trade : 
 Berlin and Milan decrees; Orders in Council; im- 
 pressments. 
 
34-0 American History 
 
 Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation. 191-195. Walker, 
 
 Making, 190-197. Channing, United States of America, 
 
 174-180. 
 Longer Accounts : Morse. Jefferson, 255-267, Schouler, 
 
 II, Ch. vi. McMaster, III, 219 and following. Henry 
 
 Adams, III, Chs. iv, xvi. 
 
 Sources : Source Book, Nos. 74, 76, 79. Contem* 
 
 poraries, III, Nos. 116-119. 
 b. Retaliatory measures : non-importation ; embargo ; non- 
 intercourse act; Macon's bill No. 2. 
 Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation, 192-203. Walker, 
 
 Making, 199-203. 217-224. 
 
 Longer Accounts: Morse, Jefferson, Ch. xvii. Gay, 
 
 Madison, Ch. xvii. McMaster, III, especially Chs. xix, xx. 
 
 Schouler. II. Henry Adams. IV. 
 
 Sources : MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 27 (embargo 
 
 act), 28 (non-intercourse act). Contemporaries, III, 
 
 Nos. 121, 122 (embargo). Source Book, No. 81. 
 C. The War of 181 2 : causes, French, English, and Ameri- 
 can ; comparison of strength; military and naval 
 warfare ; opposition to the war (Hartford Convention) ; 
 treaty of peace. For the influence of the young 
 Republicans, see Schurz, Clay, I, Ch. v; McMaster, 
 III, 419, 427-440 ; Henry Adams, VI, 122-153. Clay's 
 speech on the war is in American Orations, I, and 
 Contemporaries, III, No. 125. For Randolph's speech 
 on the militia bill, see American Orations, I. Causes 
 of the war : MacDonald, Documents, No. 29 ; Source 
 Book, No. 83. Declaration of war, MacDonald, No. 30. 
 On the military and naval events : McMaster, IV (use 
 table of contents) ; Henry Adams, VI-VIII (use table 
 of contents) ; Roosevelt, Naval War of 181 2 ; Maclay, 
 United States Navy. On the Hartford Convention 
 and opposition in general to the war : Hart, Forma- 
 tion, 214-218; Walker, Making, 240-247; Von Hoist. 
 I, 253-272 ; McMaster, IV, Ch. xxviii, especially 247- 
 252; Schouler, II, 461-476; Henry Adams, VIII, IX ; 
 
Outline of American History 341 
 
 MacDonald, Documents, No. 32 (report of the Hart- 
 ford Convention). Treaty of Peace and results of the 
 war: Hart, Formation, 218-222; McMaster, IV, 256- 
 276; Schouler, II, 477-485; Schurz, Clay, I, Ch. vi ; 
 Morse, J. Q. Adams, 75-98; Stevens, Gallatin, 312- 
 337 ; Henry Adams, IX ; MacDonald, Documents, No. 
 31 (treaty of Ghent) ; Contemporaries, III, No. 128 
 (discussion of the treaty by J. O. Adams) ; Source 
 Book, No. 87 (discussion of the peace, Gallatin). 
 Sources : Contemporaries, III, Nos. 124 (capture of the 
 Java), 127 (campaign of New Orleans). Source Book, 
 Nos. 84 (capture of the Guerriere), 85 (capture of 
 Washington), 86 (battle of New Orleans). Historical 
 Sources in Schools, § 82. For further references and 
 for criticisms of books on war of 1812, see Larned, Liter- 
 ature of American History, pp. 167-172. 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Group all the clauses of the Constitution which 
 relate to war. 
 
 B. The Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
 Bryce (abridged edition), 104-107. Wilson, Congres- 
 sional Government, 103-111. Follett, The Speaker. 
 
 X. Reorganization, 1817-1829. 
 24. Economic Reorganization. 
 
 a. The tariff: effects of the events of 1 808-181 5 on com- 
 merce, agriculture, and manufacturing; protectionist 
 arguments ; attitude of the political leaders, Clay, Cal- 
 houn, Webster, and Randolph; tariff acts of 18 16, 
 1824, 1828. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Hart, Formation, 225, 229-231, 247, 
 257. Walker, Making, 257-261. Burgess, Middle 
 Period, 109-115, 157-163. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Taussig, Tariff History, 1-24, 68-103 
 (best account). Schurz, Clay, I, 1 26-1 31 (act of 181 6), 
 212-221 (act of 1824, "American System 11 ). Lodge, 
 Webster, 1 54-1 71 (an interesting account of Webster's 
 attitude towards the tariff, 1 816-1828). Von Hoist, 
 
342 American History 
 
 Calhoun, 33-35, 66-73. Henry Adams, Randolph, 279. 
 McMaster, IV, Ch. xxxi ; V, Ch. xlvi. Dewey, Financial 
 History. 
 
 Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, III, Nos. 129 (com- 
 mercial effects of the war), 130 (Randolph's objections 
 to a protective tariff). MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 44, 
 45 (protests of South Carolina and Georgia against the 
 tariff of 1828). American Orations, IV, 202 (Clay's 
 speech on protection). 
 b. Banking : evils of state banks ; the second United States 
 
 Bank, 1816. 
 
 Hart, Formation, 226-227. Walker, Making, 261-262. 
 
 Longer: McMaster, III, IV, Chs. xxx, xxxvi. 
 
 Sources: MacDonald, Documents, No. 33 (bank act 
 of 1816). Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 132 (state 
 banking). 
 25. Westward Migration and Internal Improvements. 
 
 a. Westward migration : influence of conditions on the sea- 
 
 board (McMaster, IV, 381-385) ; methods and routes 
 
 of travel; conditions of western life, 1800-1830. 
 
 McMaster, IV, Ch. xxxiii. Roosevelt, T. H. Benton, 
 Ch. i. Roosevelt, Winning of the West, IV, Ch. v. 
 Century Magazine, Vol. 63, Nov. 1901-Jan. 1902, articles 
 by Hough. Shaler, United States, I, Ch. v, especially 
 287-303. Higginson, Larger History, Ch. xvii. Sparks, 
 Expansion of the American People. 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, III, Ch. xxi. Source Book, 
 Nos. 90, 92, 93. Historical Sources in Schools, § 83. 
 
 b. Internal improvements : need of better communication be- 
 
 tween East and West (McMaster, School History, 279- 
 282) ; political and economic results of the Erie Canal 
 and the railroads ; the constitutional question involved. 
 McMaster, IV, 411-429, V, 132-136. Von Hoist, Cal- 
 houn, 35-37. Burgess, Middle Period, 1 16-122, 166-170. 
 Sparks, Men Who made the Nation, Ch. vii. Schouler, 
 II, 296-298 ; III, 346-352 ; IV, 122-131. Encyclopaedias 
 (articles on " Railroads "). 
 
Outline of American History 343 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, III, Nos. 131 (Calhoun), 
 165, 166, 167 (travel by rail, coach, and canal). Gilman, 
 Monroe, 239-248 (summary of Monroe's vetoes). Cald- 
 well, Survey, 233 (American History Studies, No. 10). 
 Old South Leaflets, No. 108 (steamboat). 
 c. The Indians in Georgia and the question of State Sover- 
 eignty. 
 
 Hart, Formation, 255-256. Wilson, Division and Re- 
 union, 36-38. Burgess, Middle Period, Ch. x. Schouler, 
 III, 370-380. 
 
 For further references on Expansion, 1 783-1 828, see 
 Larned, Literature of American History, pp. 172- 
 181. 
 26. Slavery and the Missouri Compromises. 
 
 a. Slavery extension, 1 783-181 8: constitutional recognition 
 
 of slavery ; fugitive slave act, 1793 ; economic and polit- 
 ical effects of the cotton gin ; balancing of states ; ex- 
 tent of slavery, 181 8 {map). 
 Burgess, Middle Period, 48-60. Schouler, III, 134- 
 
 146. Von Hoist, I, 302-356 (340-356, economic contrast 
 
 between the free and slave states). 
 
 b. The struggle for Missouri: significance of the contest; 
 
 first compromise (Tallmadge, Thomas) ; second com 
 
 promise (Clay) ; constitutional questions involved ; 
 
 cite the sections of the Constitution of the United 
 
 States relating to these questions. 
 
 Rhodes, History of United States since Compromise of 
 1850, I, 29-38. Burgess, Middle Period, Ch. iv (detailed 
 and constitutional). Schurz, Clay, I, Ch. viii. McMas- 
 ter, IV, 570-601. Von Hoist, 1,357-381. Schouler, III, 
 I SS~ I 73' Henry Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave 
 Power, I, Chs. xi, xii. 
 
 Sources: MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 35-41. Con- 
 temporaries, III, Nos. 135, 136 (comments on compro- 
 mise), Source Book, No. 91 (J. Q. Adams's comments). 
 American Orations, II. Historical Sources in Schools 
 §83. 
 
344 American History 
 
 Map i 
 
 Status of slavery, 1821. Shade the portions of the 
 country affected by the compromise. 
 27. The Monroe Doctrine and the Panama Congress. 
 
 a. Conditions leading to the Monroe doctrine. 
 
 McMaster, V, 31-34. Paxson, Independence of the 
 South American Republics. Contemporaries, III, Nos. 
 142 (Holy Alliance), 145 (Russian ukase). (See Outline 
 of European History, p. 198.) 
 
 b. Earlier statements of the principles of the doctrine. 
 
 American History Leaflets, No. 4. Contemporaries, 
 III, No. 147 (extracts from Monroe's earlier messages). 
 American Historical Review, July and October, 1902, 
 contains a noteworthy article (" John Quincy Adams and 
 the Monroe Doctrine," by Worthington C. Ford), on the 
 correspondence leading up to the message of 1823; see 
 especially the final paragraph. Gilman, Monroe, 162-170. 
 
 c. Contemporary comment on the doctrine. 
 
 For significant extracts from the message, see Mac- 
 Donald, Documents, No. 43 ; Contemporaries, III, No. 
 147 ; American History Leaflets, No. 4 ; Old South 
 Leaflets, No. 56; Hill, Liberty Documents, 321. 
 
 For comments, see McMaster, V, 48-53 (footnotes, 
 containing English newspaper comments) ; Hill, Liberty 
 Documents, 323-328 ; Hart, Contemporaries, III, No. 148. 
 
 d. Later developments of the doctrine. Hart, " The Monroe 
 
 Doctrine and the Doctrine of Permanent Interest, 11 in 
 American Historical Review, October, 1901 ; reprinted 
 in his Foundations of American Foreign Policy. 
 General Referejices (for Monroe Doctrine) : 
 
 Brief Accounts : Hart, Formation, 241-244. Burgess, 
 Middle Period, 123-128. Morse, J. Q. Adams, 130-137. 
 Longer Accounts : Gilman, Monroe, Ch. vii. Schouler, 
 111,277-293. McMaster, V, Ch.xli. Hill, Liberty Docu- 
 ments, 329-339. 
 
 e. The Panama Congress. 
 
 Hart, Formation, 251-253. Burgess, Middle Period, 
 
Outline of American History 345 
 
 146-155. Schouler, III, 358-366. Von Hoist, I, 409- 
 419, 429 and following. Schurz, Clay, I, 267-273. 
 McMaster, V, Ch. li. 
 Political Reorganization and the Triumph of Jack- 
 son. 
 
 a. Growth of nationalism as shown by Supreme Court 
 
 decisions. 
 
 Hart, Formation, 234-236. McMaster, V, Ch. 1. 
 Magruder, John Marshall, Ch. x. Thayer, Marshall. 
 Lodge, Webster, Ch. iii (Dartmouth College case). 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, No. 133 (extract from Mc- 
 Culloch vs. Maryland). Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. 
 xix (McCulloch case with comments). Historical 
 Sources in Schools, § 83. 
 
 b. The "scrub race for the presidency," 1824-1825, 
 
 Stanwood, Presidential Elections, Ch. xi, or his 
 Presidency. Burgess, Middle Period, 131-136 (brief 
 description of candidates). On the "corrupt bargain" 
 charge, see Morse, J. Q. Adams, 181-189. Schurz, Clay, 
 I, Ch. x. Sumner, Jackson, Ch. iv. 
 
 c. New political methods, and the election of 1828. 
 
 Hart, Formation, 246-247, 259-262. Fiske, Civil Gov- 
 ernment, 216-217, 261-263 (gerrymander, spoils). 
 
 Stanwood, History of the Presidency, or his Presi- 
 dential Elections, Ch. xii. Schurz, Clay, I, 288-292. 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 9-26 (significance of 
 Jackson's election). Brown, Jackson, 106-117. 
 
 Source: MacDonald, Documents, No. 42 (tenure of 
 office act of 1820). 
 d. Personal features of Jackson's administration : Jackson's 
 
 character ; the Kitchen cabinet ; the spoils system in- 
 troduced into national politics. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 26-34. Roosevelt, 
 Benton, Ch. iv. Brown, Jackson, 1 18-128. Sumner, 
 Jackson, 102-4, 140-163. Schouler, III, 451-461. Mc- 
 Master, V, 525-536. 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, III, Nos. 158 (removals), 
 
346 American History 
 
 160 (extract from Major Jack Downing), 162 (Jackson's 
 statement of principles). Source Book, No. 102 (ex- 
 tract from Major Jack Downing). 
 Additio7ial Topics : 
 
 A. Indian troubles, 1824-1828, 1830-1832. Hart, 
 Formation, 255-256. Wilson, Division and Reunion, 
 36-38. Burgess, Middle Period, 210-220. Schouler, III, 
 370-380,477-480; IV, 233-235. Morse, J. Q. Adams. 
 Sumner, Jackson. 
 
 B. Jackson as a type of American frontier life in 1829. 
 Brown, Jackson. 
 
 C. Internal improvements. 
 
 D. Public lands. 
 
 For further references and for criticisms of books for 
 periods VII-X, see Larned, Literature of American His- 
 tory, pp. 1 52-1 81, and index. 
 XI. National Democracy, 1829-1844. 
 29. Nullification in South Carolina; the Question of 
 State Sovereignty. 
 
 a. The " great debate " : nullification in theory. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 43-48. Schouler, III, 
 483-488. Lodge, Webster, 172-204 (includes estimate 
 of Webster as an orator) . 
 
 Sources: Important extracts in MacDonald, Docu- 
 ments, Nos. 47, 49 (Webster), 48 (Hayne). Hart, Con- 
 temporaries, III, Nos. 159 (Webster), 161 (Calhoun). 
 American History Leaflets, No. 30 (extracts from Webster, 
 Hayne, and Calhoun). Johnston, American Orations, I, 
 303 (Calhoun), 233 (Hayne), 248 (Webster). 
 
 b. The contest with South Carolina : nullification in practice. 
 
 Wilson, 48-63. Burgess, 220-241. Schurz, Clay, II, 
 Ch. xiv. Roosevelt, Benton, Ch. v. Von Hoist, Cal- 
 houn, 66-84, 96-108. Sumner, Jackson, 194-206; Ch. 
 x; 281-291. Schouler, IV, 85-109. 
 
 Sources : MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 53 (ordinance 
 of nullification), 55 (Jackson's proclamation), 56 (act for 
 enforcing the tariff, force bill). 
 
Outline of American History 347 
 
 c. Compare the action of South Carolina in 1 832-1 833 with 
 that of (1) Virginia and Kentucky in 1798-1799; 
 (2) Massachusetts in 1813-1815; (3) Georgia in 
 1 825-1 827. See sections 20, a ; 23, c (Hartford Con- 
 vention, etc.) ; and 25, c, or 28, Additional Topic A. 
 30. Financial Questions, 1 830-1 842. 
 
 a. Jackson's war on the bank : objection to the bank ; 
 
 election of 1832; removal of deposits; censure and 
 
 protest. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 69-88. Brown, Jack- 
 son, 137-150. Burgess, Middle Period, Chs. ix, xii. 
 Sumner, Jackson. Schurz, Clay, I, 372-382 ; II, Ch. 
 xv. Roosevelt, Benton, Ch. vi. Schouler, IV (use table 
 of contents). Dewey, Financial History. Von Hoist, 
 II, Ch. i. Stanwood, History of the Presidency, or 
 Presidential Elections. 
 
 Sources: MacDonald, Documents (Jackson's annual 
 messages, Jackson's protest, Benton's expunging resolu- 
 tion). American History Leaflets, No. 24. American 
 Orations, I (Benton's speech on the expunging reso- 
 lution) . 
 
 b. Financial depression, 1 837-1 840: "pet banks;" distri- 
 
 bution of surplus revenue ; specie circular ; panic of 
 
 1837; independent treasury, 1840 (1846). 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 88-98. Schouler, IV. 
 Shepard, Van Buren, Chs. viii-ix. Schurz, Clay, II, 
 Ch. xix. Roosevelt, Benton, Chs. vii, ix. 
 
 Sources : MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 67 (specie 
 circular), 75 (independent treasury act of 1846). 
 C. Whig financial measures ; Tyler's bank vetoes ; tariff of 
 
 1842. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 133-140. Taussig, 
 Tariff History, 112-114, 1 19-140. Schouler, IV, Ch. 
 xvii, section I. Schurz, Clay, II, Ch. xxiii. 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Nominating conventions. Bryce, Commonwealth, 
 Chs. liii, liv. 
 
348 American History 
 
 B. "Why great men are not chosen presidents. " 
 Bryce, Ch. viii. 
 
 C. Ash burton treaty, 1842. Lodge, Webster, Ch. 
 viii. Schouler, IV, 396-402. 
 
 31. Anti-slavery Agitation, 1831-1838. 
 
 a. Actual conditions of slavery. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 125- 
 132. Schouler, IV, 203-210. Rhodes, History of the 
 United States since the Compromise of 1850, I, Ch. iv 
 (excellent brief account of slavery about 1850). 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, III, Ch. xxvi ; IV, Ch. iv. 
 Historical Sources in Schools, § 85, p. 250. 
 
 b. Revival of the slavery question : a period of general 
 
 moral and religious revival (Von Hoist, II, 84-85) ; 
 
 new character of the agitation ; leaders (Lundy, Garri- 
 son, Birney). 
 
 Brief Accounts: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 117- 
 123. Burgess, Middle Period, 242-249. Rhodes, I, 53. 
 Schouler, IV, 210-216. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Henry Wilson, Rise and Fall of the 
 Slave Power, I, Ch. xiii. Lives of Garrison, especially 
 that by W. P. and F. J. Garrison. 
 
 Sources: Old South Leaflets, Nos. 73 (Liberator, I, 
 1), 79 (Phillips's eulogy on Garrison). Contemporaries, 
 III, No. 174 (Garrison's principles). Old South Leaflets, 
 No. 80 (Theodore Parker on slavery). Contemporaries, 
 III, No. 181 (Slade). Old South Leaflets, No. 81 (anti- 
 slavery convention of 1833). Contemporaries, III, No. 
 176 (anti-slavery meetings). MacDonald, Documents, 
 No. 63 (Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery 
 Society) . 
 -% Northern opposition to the abolitionists : public meetings 
 
 and protests 5 riots ; social ostracism. 
 
 Schouler, IV, 216-218, 299. Rhodes, 1, 60. Von Hoist, 
 II, Ch. ii. Wilson, Slave Power, I, Chs. xvii (Prudence 
 Crandall), xx, xxi (northern mobs), xxvii (Lovejoy). 
 
 Sources: Source Book, No. 96 (Garrison mob, 1835). 
 
Outline of American History 349 
 
 American Orations, II (Phillips on the murder of Love- 
 joy). 
 d. Constitutional questions involved : right of petition ; free 
 speech ; use of the mails. 
 
 Rhodes, I, 67. Burgess, Middle Period, 252-277. 
 Morse, J. O. Adams, 243-280. 
 
 For further references, and for criticisms of books on 
 slavery, see Larned, Literature of American History, 
 pp. 181-204. 
 XII. Slavery in the Territories, 1844-1860. 
 32. Annexation of Texas and the Mexican War, 
 
 a. Independence of Texas. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 141-143. Burgess, 
 Middle Period, 290-300. Rhodes, I, 76. Schouler, IV, 
 247-257, 302-307. Von Hoist, II. 
 
 Source: Contemporaries, III, No. 185 (Houston's 
 account of the Texan Revolution). 
 
 b. Annexation of Texas : Tyler's attempt ; the election of 
 
 1844; how annexation was accomplished. 
 
 Rhodes, I, 77-85. Schouler, IV, 440-451, 457-461, 
 465-486. Stanwood, History of Presidency, or his 
 Presidential Elections. Schurz, Clay, II, 236-268. Von 
 Hoist, Calhoun, Ch. viii. Garrison, Texas. 
 
 Source: Contemporaries, III, Nos. 187 (Clay's Raleigh 
 letter), 188 (Calhoun's letter to Lord Aberdeen), 189 
 (Benton's story of how annexation was secured). 
 ;. War with Mexico: immediate origin; campaigns of Tay- 
 lor, Scott, Fremont, and Kearny; Wilmot Proviso; 
 
 treaty of peace. 
 
 Brief Accounts : Wilson, Division and Reunion, 149- 
 154. Rhodes, I, 87-93. 
 
 Longer Account : Schouler, IV, V. 
 
 Sources: Lowell, Biglow Papers (extract in Source 
 Book, No. 104). Contemporaries, IV, Ch. ii, especially 
 Nos. 10 (extract from Polk's message, alleging reasons 
 for war), 11 (opposition to war, Corwin), 12, 13 (military 
 events, Grant, Scott), 14 (why the whole of Mexico was 
 
350 American History 
 
 not annexed, Polk), 16 (Wilmot's defence of his Proviso) 
 Historical Sources in Schools, § 86. 
 
 See also Larned, Literature of American History, Mex- 
 ican War, pp. 204-206. 
 33. Struggle over Slavery in the Territories. 
 
 a. Compromise of 1850: slavery in the Mexican cession. 
 
 (1) Settlement of California. Rhodes, I, 110-116. 
 Schouler, V, 130-146. Source Book, No. 105. Con- 
 temporaries, IV, No, 18. 
 
 (2) Discussion of compromise measures. Calhoun : 
 Contemporaries, IV, No. 19; American Orations, II. 
 Clay : American Orations, II ; Source Book, No. 106. 
 Webster: Contemporaries, IV, No. 20; American 
 Orations, II. Seward: Contemporaries, IV, No. 22. 
 Text of the compromise measures in MacDonald, 
 Documents, Nos. 78-83. 
 
 (3) Workings of the Fugitive Slave Law. Burgess, 
 Middle Period, 365-375. Rhodes, I, 208-213, 222- 
 226, 499-506; II, 73-77. Source Book, No. 107 
 (Shadrach case). Hart, Chase, 1 63-171. Henry 
 Wilson, Slave Power, II, Chs. xxvi, xxxiii. Contem- 
 poraries, IV, Nos. 30 (Parker), 31 (Burns), 29, 32 
 (underground railroad), 33 (a personal liberty act). 
 Sumners speech in favor of the repeal of the law is 
 in American Orations, II See also Rhodes, I, 265- 
 269. 
 
 General References : 
 
 Brief Account: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 165- 
 178. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Rhodes, I, Ch. ii. Schouler, V, Chs. 
 xix, xx. Schurz, Clay, II, Ch. xxvi. Lodge, Webster, 
 289-332. Henry Wilson, Slave Power, II. 
 
 Sources : See Historical Sources in Schools, § 86, for 
 additional references. 
 
 b. The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Struggle for Kansas : 
 
 Douglas's real object ; Topeka and Lecompton consti- 
 tutions ; civil war in Kansas; English Bill. 
 
Outline of American History 351 
 
 Brief Accounts : Wilson, Division and Reunion, 182- 
 187, 199. Hart, Chase, 133-147. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Rhodes, 1,424; II (excellent detailed 
 account), especially Ch. vii (use table of contents), e.g. 
 struggle for Kansas, Sumner's " Crime against Kansas, 11 
 and the assault on Sumner. Burgess, Middle Period, 
 Chs. xix (detailed account of the passage of act), xx 
 (struggle for Kansas, civil war in Kansas). Schouler, 
 V, Chs. xxi, xxii (use table of contents). Spring's Kan- 
 sas (American Commonwealth Series). Storey, Sumner, 
 Ch. vii, especially 109-117 (Sumner's defiance of South- 
 ern "fire eaters"), Ch. viii, Brooks's assault on Sumner 
 (138-153). Lothrop, Seward, Chs* ix, x, 172 and follow- 
 ing. Henry Wilson, Slave Power, II, Ch. xxxv (civil 
 war in Kansas), xxxvi (assault on Sumner) ; see table 
 of contents for additional chapters on Kansas Struggle. 
 On the rise of the Republican party, see Rhodes, II ; 
 Contemporaries, IV, No. 35. 
 
 Sources : MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 85-88 (dealing 
 with the Kansas-Nebraska act), No. 90 (extract from 
 the report of the House committee to investigate affairs 
 in Kansas), No. 92 (Lecompton constitution). Contem- 
 poraries, IV, Ch. vi, Nos. 36 (free-soil emigration), 38 
 (pro-slavery emigration), 39 (civil war in Kansas). 
 Source Book, Nos. 108 (Benton's criticism of the act), 
 109 (conditions in Kansas). For the Appeal of the 
 Independent Democrats, see American History Leaflets, 
 No. 17. Sumner's speech on the "Crime against Kan- 
 sas " is in Old South Leaflets, No. 83, and in American 
 Orations, III, 88. 
 
 Dred Scott Decision, 1857 : slavery throughout the terri- 
 tories . 
 
 Brief Accounts: Burgess, Middle Period, 449-459. 
 Schouler, V, 376-381. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Rhodes, II, 249-271 (good for innei 
 history of the case, and for contemporary comment) 
 Henry Wilson, Slave Power, II, Ch. xxxix. 
 
j 5 2 American History 
 
 Sources: Hill, Liberty Documents, Ch. xxi. Mac- 
 Donald, Documents, No. 91. American History Leaflets, 
 No. 23. Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 42, 43. Source Book, 
 No. no. 
 
 d. Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858: the issues defined. 
 
 Brief Accounts : Burgess, Civil War and the Constitu- 
 tion, I, 19-26. Schouler, V, 410-416. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Morse, Lincoln (for the debate, see 
 I, Ch. v). Rhodes, II, 308-343. Henry Wilson, Slave 
 Power, II, Ch. xliii. Brown, Douglas. Tarbell, Lincoln. 
 
 Sources : American Orations, III, 154-194. Old South 
 Leaflets, No. 85. Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 44 (Lincoln's 
 "House Divided 1 ' speech), 45 (Seward's "Irrepressible 
 Conflict" speech). Source Book, No. in (Douglas). 
 
 e, John Brown's Raid, 1859. 
 
 Brief Accounts : Burgess, Civil War, I, 35-44. Schou- 
 ler, V, 437-448. 
 
 Longer Account: Rhodes, II, 383-416. 
 
 Sources : Old South Leaflets, No. 84. Source Book, 
 No. 112. Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 47, 48. 
 /. The Election of i860: split in the Democratic party; 
 
 the Republican convention ; the campaign. 
 
 Brief Account: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 204- 
 210. 
 
 Longer Accounts: Rhodes, II, 440-502. Stanwood, 
 Presidency, or Presidential Elections, Ch. xxi. Schouler, 
 . V, 454-469. Morse, Lincoln, I, Ch. vi. Lothrop, Sew- 
 ard, Ch. xi. Hart, Chase, Ch. vii. Burgess, Civil 
 War, I, Ch. iii. 
 
 Source : Contemporaries, IV, Ch. viii. 
 Map Work: 
 
 (1) Show, by a series of maps, the status of slavery in 
 1851, 1855, i860 (Epoch maps). 
 
 (2) Show, by a series of charts, the sectionalization of 
 political parties in the elections of 1852, 1856, i860. 
 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Webster's services to the idea of national union. 
 
 
Outline of American History 353 
 
 B. Clay's character and services. 
 
 C. Uncle Tom's Cabin. Rhodes, I, 278-285. Old 
 South Leaflets, No. 82 (Mrs. Stowe's story of Uncle 
 Tom's Cabin). Read the book itself. 
 
 D. Cuba and the Ostend Manifesto. Rhodes, II, 
 Ch. vi. MacDonald, Documents, No. 89. American 
 History Leaflets, No. 2. 
 
 E. The Isthmian Canal Question. Rhodes, II 
 MacDonald, Documents, No. 77. American History 
 Leaflets, No. 34. Contemporaries, IV, No. 195 (Nicara- 
 gua canal) . 
 
 F. The Know-Nothing Party. 
 
 G. The panic of 1857. 
 
 XIII. Secession and Civil 'War, 1860-1865. 
 34. Secession of the Southern States. 
 
 a. Underlying causes ; process of secession ; constitution of 
 
 the Southern Confederacy. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 210, 239-244. Rhodes, 
 
 III, Chs. xiii, xiv. Burgess, Civil War and the Consti- 
 tution, I, Ch. iv. Schouler, V, 474-480, 488-493. 
 
 Sources: American Orations, III, Ch. vi (secession 
 speeches) ; IV, 39 (Stephens's " corner-stone " speech ; 
 extract also in Source Book, No. 113). Contemporaries, 
 
 IV, Chs, ix, x. MacDonald, Documents, Nos. 94 (South 
 Carolina Secession Ordinance), 97 (Constitution of the 
 Confederate States). American History Leaflets, No. 12. 
 
 b. Attempts at compromise. 
 
 Rhodes, III, Ch. xiii, xiv. 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, IV, Ch. xi. MacDonald, 
 Documents, Nos. 93 (Crittenden compromise), 95, 96 
 (proposed constitutional amendments). 
 €. Abraham Lincoln and his policy. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 216-218. Morse, 
 Lincoln, I, 219-241, 273-282. Rhodes, III, 316-320, 
 325-346. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln. Tarbell, Lincoln. 
 
 Sources: Old South Leaflets, No. 11, or American 
 Orations, IV, 16 (Lincoln's first inaugural address). 
 
354 American History 
 
 American History Leaflets, No. 18 (inaugural and first 
 message). Historical Sources in Schools, § 87. 
 Map Work : 
 
 The seceding states. Indicate, also, the loyal, but 
 slave-holding, states. 
 Additional Topic: 
 
 Summary of State Sovereignty ideas, 1 783-1 861. 
 35. The Civil War, 1 861-1865. 
 
 a. Fort Sumter, and the uprising of the North. 
 
 Rhodes, III, 325-374. Burgess, Civil War, I, Ch. vii. 
 Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Ch. xii. Source 
 Book, Nos. 114 (Sumter), 115 (rousing of the North). 
 
 b. The sections in 1861 compared: population; economic 
 
 resources ; military spirit. 
 
 Rhodes, III, 397-413- Atlantic Monthly, December, 
 1901, article on the "Resources of the Confederacy. 11 
 Hart, "Why the South Lost, 11 New England Magazine, 
 November, 1891 ; reprinted in his Practical Essays on 
 American Government. Cambridge Modern History, 
 VII, Chs. xiv, xviii-xix. Schwab, Confederate States 
 of America, 1 861 -1865. 
 C. General plan of campaign and chief military events : 
 
 1861. Bull Run, and the organization of the eastern 
 
 army by McClellan. 
 
 1862. East: Peninsular campaign ; Antietam ; Fred- 
 
 ericksburg. 
 West : Opening of the Mississippi —Forts Henry 
 
 and Donelson, Shiloh, New Orleans. 
 Eastern Tennessee : to isolate the Gulf states. 
 
 1863. East: Chancellorsville ; Gettysburg. 
 West : Vicksburg. 
 
 Eastern Tennessee : Chickamauga ; Chattanooga 
 
 1864. East : Grants move on Richmond. 
 
 Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley. 
 West: Sherman's march from Chattanooga to 
 Atlanta; "from Atlanta to the Sea': 11 
 Thomas's campaign and its importance 
 
Outline of American History 355 
 
 1865. Closing in on Lee; Appomattox. 
 1861-1865. The work of the navy. 
 
 Brief Accounts : Dodge, A Bird's-eye View of the Civil 
 War (brief accounts of the military events by an expert). 
 General Wm. T. Sherman, "The Grand Strategy of the 
 War of the Rebellion, 11 Century Magazine, Vol. 35, 580- 
 598 (1887-8), gives in comparatively brief space the gen- 
 eral plan of the war with the clearness of a master. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Rhodes, III, IV, V. Schouler, VI. 
 Fiske, Mississippi Valley in the Civil War. Ropes, 
 Story of the Civil War (to 1863). Maclay, United 
 States Navy. Nicolay and Hay, Life of Lincoln. C. F. 
 Adams, Lee at Appomatox. Cambridge Modern History, 
 VII, Chs. xiv-xvii. 
 
 Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Chs. xviii, xix, xx, 
 xxii. Source Book, Ch. xviii. Century War Book 
 (Johnson and Buell, editors}, Battles and Leaders of the 
 Civil War, 4 vols. Scribner's Series, Campaigns of the 
 Civil War, 13 vols. Grant, Memoirs. Sherman, Memoirs. 
 For further references, see Larned, Literature, pp. 213- 
 260. 
 
 Financial management of the war: tariff; internal taxa- 
 tion; paper-money; national banking system. 
 Schouler, VI, 282-287. Rhodes, III, IV (use table 
 of contents). Dewey, Financial History. Hart, Chase, 
 Chs. ix, xi. Taussig, Tariff History, 155-169. Condi- 
 tions in the South, Cambridge Modern History, VII, Ch. 
 xix; Schwab, Confederate States of America, 1861-1865. 
 
 Source : MacDonald, Select Statutes. 
 Attitude of Europe towards the war. Rhodes, III, Chs. 
 xv, xvi (use table of contents) ; IV, Chs. xvii, xxii 
 (excellent). Adams, C. F. Adams, Chs. ix-xvii, espe- 
 cially Chs. xii (Trent affair), xiv (cotton famine), xvi 
 (effect of the emancipation proclamation), xvii (the 
 Alabama). Schouler, VI, 111-116, 261-274. Morse, 
 Lincoln, I, Ch. xii (Trent affair). Burgess, Civil 
 War, II, Ch. xxxiii (French in Mexico). 
 
356 American History- 
 
 sources : Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 98 (John Bright), 
 99 (Trent affair), 100 (attitude of Napoleon III). 
 
 f. Conditions incidental to war ; enlistments ; bounties ; 
 
 prison life ; camps ; railroad and telegraph .; sanitary 
 
 and Christian commissions; the work of the pupil's 
 
 own town or city. 
 
 Schouler, VI, 290-316, 400-424. Facts maybe picked 
 out of mos f of the detailed histories of the war (see 
 above, c). For conditions in southern states, see Cam- 
 bridge Modern History, VII, Ch. xix ; Schwab, Con- 
 federate States of America, 1861-1865. 
 
 Sources : Contemporaries, I V, Ft. V. Source Book, Nos. 
 117 (southern soldier), 118 (supplies for the wounded). 
 
 g. Northern opposition to the war. Morse, Lincoln, II, 
 182-199. Rhodes, IV, 221-236, 245-255, 320-332. 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, IV, No. 121 (draft riots). 
 American Orations, IV, 82 (VallandighanVs speech). 
 k. Emancipation. 
 
 Schouler, VI, 214-224. Rhodes, III, 630; IV, 67-76, 
 157-163, 212-219. Morse, Lincoln, II, Chs. i, iv, xii. 
 
 Sources : Contemporaries, IV, Ch. xxi. American 
 History Leaflets, No. 26 (Lincoln's reply to Greeley). 
 Source Book, Nos. 120 (Lincoln's account of the history 
 of the proclamation), 124 (Lincoln on the relation of 
 slavery to the war). MacDonald, Select Statutes. Old 
 South Leaflets, No. 11 (emancipation proclamation). 
 Constitution, Amendment XIII. 
 Additional Topics : 
 
 A. Grant's military ability. 
 
 B. Lee as a General. C. F. Adams, Lee at Appo- 
 matox and Other Papers. See also above under c. 
 
 XIV. Problems of Peace, 1865-1904. 
 36. Reconstruction, the New South, and the Race 
 Problems. 
 a. Principles of reconstruction : policy of Lincoln and of 
 Johnson ; congressional policy ; the Reconstruction Act 
 of 1867 ; constitutional amendments. 
 
Outline of American History 357 
 
 Brief Accounts : Wilson, Division and Reunion, 256- 
 263. Bryce, Commonwealth, II, 468-480. 
 
 Longer Accounts : Burgess, Reconstruction and the 
 Constitution. Dunning, Essays on the Civil War and 
 Reconstruction, 2d Essay. Storey, Sumner, Chs. xviii, 
 xix. McCall, Stevens, Chs. xiii-xvi. Hart, Chase, 
 Chs. xiii, xiv. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, II. 
 Atlantic Monthly, January-October, 1901, series of arti- 
 cles on reconstruction. 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, IV, Ch. xxiv. MacDonald, 
 Select Statutes. American Orations, IV, 129-188. Hill, 
 Liberty Documents, Ch. xxiii. Source Book, No. 130. 
 Process of reconstruction : conditions in the South at the 
 
 close of the war ; southern opposition to the freedmen ; 
 
 freedmen's bureau ; carpet-bag government ; struggle 
 
 between Congress and President Johnson. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 260-277. Cambridge 
 Modern History, VII, 622-633, 640-642. Brown, Lower 
 South in American History, 191-225. Blaine, Twenty 
 Years of Congress, II. Burgess, Reconstruction and the 
 Constitution. Wilson, American People, V, Ch. i. 
 
 Sources : Southern conditions as seen by Northern 
 observers: Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 141 (Mrs. Botune), 
 142 (Godkin), 143 (Carl Schurz), 144 (General Grant). 
 Contemporaries, Nos. 151 (Southern legislation against 
 freedmen, 154 (impeachment proceedings), 156 (Ku Klux 
 Klan), 157 (carpet-bag government). MacDonald 
 Select Statutes. Soiirce Book, Nos. 127, 128, 131, 
 132. 
 The new South and the race problem : economic devel - 
 
 opment ; social and industrial progress of the negro 
 
 revision of constitutions of Southern states. 
 
 Brown, Lower South, 247-271 (shifting the white man's 
 burden). Andrews, The Last Quarter Century (1870- 
 1895), II, 150-156, Ch. xii (disfranchisement, economic 
 conditions). Dunning, in Atlantic Monthly, October, 
 1901. Outlook, December 31, 1898 (race problem). 
 
358 American History 
 
 McClure's, March-May, 1904. T. N. Page, in Scribner's, 
 July, 1904. A. H. Grimke, in Atlantic Monthly, July, 
 1904. Bryce, Commonwealth, II, 483-490, Ch. xciii. 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 203 (southern 
 election frauds), 205 (H. W. Grady), 208 (Booker 
 Washington) . 
 yj. Political Problems since 1865. 
 
 a. Party contests: Liberal Republicans, 1872; Hayes- 
 
 Tilden contest, 1 876-1 877 ; Democratic triumph, 1884 ; 
 
 split in Democratic party, 1896; party issues. 
 
 Wilson, Division and Reunion, 281-290, 296. Blaine, 
 Twenty Years of Congress, II. Stanwood, Presidency 
 or Presidential Elections. Andrews, Last Quarter Cen- 
 tury. Wilson, American People, V, 104-112; 169-184; 
 253-263. McClure's Magazine, July, 1904. 
 
 Sources: Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 159 (1876-1877); 
 160 (1880); 161 (1884). MacDonald, Select Statutes. 
 £>. Civil service reform. 
 
 Brief Accounts: Wilson, Division and Reunion, 277, 
 293-294. Hinsdale, American Government, 273-279. 
 Wilson, Congressional Government (index, Civil Service). 
 
 Longer Accounts : Bryce, Commonwealth, II, Ch. lxv 
 (spoils). See interesting chapters on Rings and Bosses, 
 and on the Machine ; also, Chs. Ixxxviii, lxxxix. 
 
 Sources : American Orations, IV, 367 (G. W. Curtis) ; 
 400 (Carl Schurz). Hart, Source Book, No. 137 (Curtis 
 on civil sendee reform). Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 199 
 (Carl Schurz), 202 (Bird S. Coler). MacDonald, Select 
 Statutes. Reports of the Civil Service Commission. 
 :', Foreign Relations, 1865-1904: Purchase of Alaska; 
 
 treaty of 1871 with Great Britain, and the Geneva 
 
 award ; Venezuelan affair, 1895 ; annexation of Hawaii ; 
 
 war with Spain ; the Philippine problem ; indepen- 
 dence of Cuba ; American policy in China ; Isthmian 
 
 canal. 
 
 Cambridge Modern History, VII, 670-672, 674-686. 
 Woolsey, America's Foreign Policy. Foster, American 
 
Outline of American History 359 
 
 Diplomacy in the Orient, Chs. xi, xii. Wilson, American 
 People, V, 269-300. Larned, History for Ready Refer- 
 ence, VI. 
 
 Sources: Hart, Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 174, 175, 
 178, 179, 192-194, Chs. xxx, xxxi. MacDonald, Select 
 Statutes, Nos. 63, 93, 126, 1 28-131. 
 d. Problems of municipal government. 
 
 Goodnow, Municipal Problems. Reports of the Na- 
 tional Municipal League (Philadelphia). Hart, Contem- 
 poraries, IV, No. 206. Steffens, The Shame of the 
 Cities. Steffens, Enemies of the Republic, in McClure's, 
 April- August, 1904. 
 38 Economic Problems since 1865. 
 
 a. The tariff : attempts to reduce the war tariff; Cleveland's 
 
 tariff message, 1887; the McKinley Act, 1890; the 
 
 Wilson Act, 1894; the Dingley Act, 1897; movement 
 
 for reciprocity and tariff reform. 
 
 Taussig, Tariff History. Dewey, Financial History. 
 Wilson, American People, V, 187-194. American Ora- 
 tions, IV, 238 (Hurd's speech in favor of free trade; 
 compare Clay's speech, same volume). 
 
 b. Currency : resumption of specie payments ; the silver- 
 
 coinage struggle. 
 
 Taussig, Silver Situation in the United States, Pt. I. 
 Hart, Chase, Ch. xv. Dewey, Financial History. Ameri- 
 can Orations, IV, § 9. Hart, Source Book, No. 136. 
 Wilson, American People, V, 142-148, 206-208, 214-227. 
 MacDonald, Select Statutes. 
 '. Combinations of labor and of capital: labor unions; 
 
 trusts ; strikes and lock-outs ; growth of railroads ; 
 
 regulation of interstate commerce; the Northern 
 
 Securities case. 
 
 Larned, Ready Reference, VI, 529-535. Tarbell, 
 History of the Standard Oil Trust, McClure's Magazine, 
 1903-1904. Baker, articles in McClure's, 1904. Mon- 
 tague, Rise and Progress of the Standard Oil Co. Hart, 
 Contemporaries, IV, Nos. 162, 163, 165, 201. Bryce, 
 
360 American History 
 
 Commonwealth, II, Ch. ciii. Eliot-Foster debate, Boston 
 Herald, February 8 and 22, 1904. C. W. Eliot, in Bos- 
 ton Herald, May 3, 1904. For further references on the 
 period since 1865, see Larned, Literature of American 
 History, pp. 260-273, and supplement. 
 39. Summary and Review of American History. 
 
 a. The chief factors in the progress from colonies to 
 nation, from 1607 a.d. to the present. Review this 
 Outline and its references. 
 
 b. The United States at the present day : population ; 
 resources ; conditions, social, political, economic. Census 
 Report. Statesman's Year Book. Current publications. 
 
 c. " Some Reasons why the American Republic may 
 Endure." Eliot, American Contributions to Civilization 
 (extracts in Hart, Contemporaries, IV, No. 207). 
 
A HISTORY SYLLABUS 
 
 For Secondary Schools, outlining the four years' course in History 
 recommended by the Committee of Seven of the American His- 
 torical Association. By a Special Committee of the New England 
 History Teachers 1 Association. Cloth. 375 pages. $1.20 net. 
 
 OUTLINE OF ANCIENT HISTORY 
 
 Reprinted from "A History Syllabus for Secondary Schools" by 
 a Special Committee of the New England History Teachers 1 
 Association. Paper. 58 pages. 15 cents. 
 
 OUTLINE OF MEDLEVAL AND MODERN 
 EUROPEAN HISTORY 
 
 Reprinted from "A History Syllabus for Secondary Schools 11 by 
 a Special Committee of the New England History Teachers' 
 Association. Paper. 67 pages. 15 cents. 
 
 OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY 
 
 Reprinted from " A History Syllabus for Secondary Schools " by 
 a Special Committee of the New England History Teachers' 
 Association. Paper. 40 pages. 15 cents. 
 
 OUTLINE OF AMERICAN HISTORY 
 
 Reprinted from "A History Syllabus for Secondary Schools" by 
 a Special Committee of the New England History Teachers' 
 Association. Paper. 72 pages. 15 cents. 
 
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