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 STRANaEES AND VISITANTS' 
 
 ILLUSTKATED 
 
 POCKET GUIDE TO SCARBOROUGH. 
 
 K > » .» > 1 
 
 THLEVQ EDITION. 
 
 SCARBOROUGH: 
 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY T. STORRY, 
 
 XEWBRO'-STEEBT. 
 
 1847. 
 

 e .6 **« 
 
 I 
 
PAGE. 
 
 Agricultural and General 
 
 Library 46 
 
 Amicable Societys' 
 
 Schools 23 
 
 Ayton, East and West 72 
 
 Borough Goal 25 
 
 Brompton 77 
 
 Bridlington 84 
 
 Custom House 37 
 
 Cliflf 47 
 
 Cliff Bridge 48 
 
 Castle > 11 
 
 Castle Howard 81 
 
 Camera Obsciira 61 
 
 Church, St. Mary's . . 18 
 
 Champley's Baths .... 59 
 
 Christ Church 60 
 
 Crescent 60 
 
 Crown Hotel 53 
 
 Camelian Bay 66 
 
 Buncombe Park 81 
 
 Ebenezer Chapel ... 28 
 
 Friends Meeting House 3 1 
 
 Fish Market 32 
 
 Falsgrave 67 
 
 Falsgrave Walk .... 67 
 
 Filey 81 
 
 Fl»i&l»grou$h H«ad .. 82 
 
 General Sea Bathing 
 
 Infirmary 38 
 
 Ganton 77 
 
 Hunmanby 84 
 
 Humane Society .... 41 
 
 Historical Sketch .... 2 
 
 Hackness 73 
 
 Hayburn Wyke 74 
 
 Hutton-Buscel 78 
 
 Helmsley 80 
 
 Harland's Baths .... 59 
 
 Infant School 30 
 
 Independent Chapel . . 30 
 
 Kirby Moorside 79 
 
 Kirkdale Cavern. ... 79 
 
 Life Boat 37 
 
 Lancasterian Schools . . 22 
 
 Lighthouse 36 
 
 Market 44 
 
 Mechanics* Institution 44 
 
 Municipal History . . . , 8 
 Merchant Seamen's 
 
 Hospital .J. 24 
 
 Museum 64 
 
 Mere 69 
 
 Newborough Street . . 43 
 
 News Room 47 
 
 National Schools 24 
 
 North Marine Terrace 2 
 
92 
 
 New Pier 
 
 Odd Fellows' Hall 
 
 Oliver's Mount 
 
 Post Office 
 
 Parliamentary History 
 Primitive Methodist 
 
 Chapel 
 
 Piers and Harbours . . 
 
 Plantation 
 
 Pickering 
 
 Railway Station .... 
 
 Rivaulx Abbey 
 
 Robin Lythe's Hole . . 
 Roman Catholic Chapel 
 
 Rides ... 
 
 Robin Hood's Bay . . 
 
 Sherburn 
 
 Stainton Dale 
 
 Scalby 
 
 Scalby Mill 
 
 St. Thomas's Chapel . . 
 St. Thomas's Hospital 
 St. Thomas's Church. . 
 St. Nicholas's Hospital 
 
 and Church 
 
 34 I Savings' Bank 46 
 
 62 i Spa 48 
 
 68 ' Saloon , 51 
 
 44 I Sea Bathing 51 
 
 10 I South Cliff ■. 51 
 
 1 School of Industry . / 29 
 
 31 I Seamer 76 
 
 33 ' Trade . 38 
 
 66 Town Hall.... 47 
 
 78 Tabernacle 27 
 
 67 Taylor's Free Dwellings 29 
 
 80 Trinity House 32 
 
 83 Theatre 45 
 
 27 Tea Gardens .... 68 
 
 71 Travis's Baths 58 
 
 75 Weddell's Baths 42 
 
 77 Wesleyan Chapel 45 
 
 74 Wilson's Mariners* 
 
 73 Asylum . 22 
 
 69 Western Pier 35 
 
 42 W^alks 65 
 
 62 Wykeham 78 
 
 63 Wilson's Wood ...... 70 
 
 Westfield Terrace 67 
 
 57 Whitby 79 
 
 T. STORKY, PRINTEB, SCARBOROUGH. 
 
SCABBOBOVGK. 
 
 CHAPTEE I. 
 
 MONG the many means employed to 
 recover the frame suffering from dis- 
 ease, or to restore the wasted energies 
 of the man of business and intense appli- 
 cation, one of the most natural and 
 efficacious, is a temporary residence amid a change of 
 scenery, at some place of acknowledged salubrity. Places 
 conveniently situated for this purpose have long been 
 celebrated both on the continent and in our own country, 
 
 B 
 
SCARERO' GUIDE. 
 
 and periodically resorted to by the invalid, the man of 
 business, and the seeker of rational enjoyment and 
 recreation ; and among these places, none holds a more 
 distiuguii^hed position, than the subject of our present 
 treatise. 
 
 Scarborough is delightfully situated in a spacious bay, 
 on the German ocean ; from the shore of which it rises in 
 the form of an extensive amphitheatre, presenting to 
 the beholder throughout its entire vicinity, a rich variety 
 of the magnificent scenery of nature. From its elevated 
 cliffs and terraces, a most commanding view is obtained 
 of the " immense world of waters," and from the num- 
 berless objects constantly flitting upon its surface, per- 
 petual animation is given to this scene of indescribable 
 . beauty ; while its boundless extent may justly fill the 
 mind with the loftiest ideas of the infinity of that Being, 
 by whose wisdom and power the whole were created. 
 
 Turning our attention from the ocean to the lofty cliffs 
 which overhang the shores, a series of the most delighful 
 marine scenery imaginable presents itself, and extends 
 from our presence, until it becomes lost in the dis- 
 tance. Art has employed many resources to increase 
 the natural beauties of the situation. Pleasant walks 
 ItAd shady retreats every where abound, which afford 
 to the visitor the most salubrious exercise, and pleasurable 
 enjoyment, 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH. 
 
 The early history of Scarborough, like that of most 
 places 0$ antiquity, is involved in considerable obscurity ; 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 however, it is highly probable that it was a Roman station, 
 but there is no positive evidence to fully establish the 
 fact. It is quite certain that it was a place of con- 
 siderable importance under the Saxons and Danes before 
 the conquest. The Saxons were extremely partial to the 
 Roman foundations in Britain, to which, when they 
 occupied them, they gave the appellation of burgh, 
 signifying a fortified place. These burghs were in- 
 habited by mechanics, tradesmen, and merchants, and 
 enjoyed many privileges. The burgesses elected their 
 own magistrates, and transacted public business in their 
 general meeting, which was called a burghmote. These 
 privileges, and the exclusive enjoyment of markets and 
 fairs, distinguished them from the villages, which were 
 solely inhabited by persons employed in husbandry. 
 
 Scearhurg, the most ancient name of Scarborough, is 
 of Saxon origin ; scear^ signifying a rock, and burg, a 
 municipal, or fortified place. Hence there is reason to 
 conclude, that it has been a Saxon town on a Roman 
 foundation. 
 
 Mention is made of Scarborough by name, by Thorkelin, 
 a Danish historian ; who, in illustrating the invasions of 
 Northumberland by the Danes in the ninth and tenth 
 centuries, says, '* Towards the end of the reign of 
 Adalbricht, king of Northumberland, an army of Danes, 
 under Knish and Gorm, invading England, subdued a 
 great part of this province; upon which, Adalbricht, 
 meeting the enemy, and fighting a battle at Cliffland, 
 or Cleveland, in the north, routed the Danes with great 
 slaughter ; but soon after, the Danes leading their forces 
 B 2 
 
SCARBRO GUIDE. 
 
 to Scardaborga^ fought and obtained the victory ; then 
 marching to York, they subdued the inhabitants, and 
 passed some time in peace. No mention is made of 
 Scarborough in Dooms-day book, though we have ad- 
 duced evidence to prove its existence before the Roman 
 conquest, and will endeavour to show the immediate cause 
 of its being omitted in that record. Tosti, Count of 
 Northumberland, and brother to Harold, king of England, 
 had by his cruelty excited an insurrection of the Northum- 
 brians, on which account he was justly dispossessed by 
 his brother. In revenge for this disgrace, Tosti engaged 
 the assistance of Harralld Hadrada, or Harfagar, King 
 of Norway, who embarking with his family, and a mul- 
 titude of warriors, sailed across the British Ocean, and 
 landed at Shetland. Tosti joined him, and they sailed 
 onward to Scarborough, which they plundered and burnt, 
 in the year 1066.'* 
 
 Snorro, a Norwegian Statesman and writei-, in the 
 early part of the tenth century, in detailing this event, 
 g'ves a description highly illustrative of the localities 
 of Scarborough at this period, when it consisted en- 
 tirely of wooden huts on the shore, sheltered by the 
 cliff, on which the castle was afterwards built. " After- 
 wards," (says he,) *' Harralld Hadrada, being driven to 
 Scardahurgani^ landed and gave battle to the inhabi- 
 tants. Then ascending a steep hill commanding the 
 town, he caused an immense pile of wood to be raised, 
 and set fire to. Then, while the flames were widely 
 spreading, large burning firebrands were thrown down 
 upon the town, until one house catching fire from another, 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 the whole city surrendered. The invaders having slain 
 great numbers, plundered every article capable of removal^ 
 and the only terms on which the lives of the conquered 
 could be spared, was to surrender themselves and families 
 unconditionally to the king, who subjected the whole 
 province to his authority." The same event is also men- 
 tioned by M, Thierry, in his history of the Roman 
 conquest. This, and the cruel and desolating policy 
 of William the Conquerer, who laid waste a great part 
 of Yorkshire, and the sea coast north of the Humber, 
 sufficiently accounts for its not being mentioned in Dooms- 
 day book. 
 
 Passing over many particulars in the history of the town, 
 we arrive at the building of the castle, erected by the Earl 
 of Albemarle, in the year 1136. Subsequently, in the year 
 1181, a charter of incorporation was granted by Henry II., 
 and a privilege obtained of holding a market ; thus furnish- 
 ing satisfactory evidence of the increased importance of 
 the town. 
 
 The maritime situation of Scarborough would naturally 
 lead the inhabitants to engage in the pursuits of commerce. 
 Evidence remains of their possessing ships and property, 
 prior to the year 1153; and in 1222, Henry III. granted a 
 patent for making a new port at Scarborough. 
 
 During the greater part of this period, satisfactory evi- 
 dence exists that the town was confined within very narrow 
 limits. It was originally in all probability, nothing more 
 than a number of wood huts, erected upon the shore, and 
 sheltered by the cliffs. As the population increased, the 
 inhabitants, gradually extended their dwellings up the sides 
 B 3 
 
SCARBRO GUIDE. 
 
 of the hill ; and to increase their security, surrounded them 
 on the south-east and west by a strong wall, and on the 
 north by a ditch and mound of earth. The wall on the 
 west, which formed a defence from the land, extended from 
 the top of Auborough street, along the line now occupied 
 by Cross-street, and terminated at Bland's cliff, a little 
 to the south of the present market cross. From Bland's 
 cliff the wall which protected the town on the south-east, 
 towards the sea, was continued in an easterly directioil 
 along the south side of Merchants' row, and terminated at 
 the foot of the castle dykes. The ancient moat which pro- 
 tected the town on the north may still be traced, by means 
 of some portions which remain. It extended in an easterly 
 direction from the top of Auborough street, through a field 
 situated to the left of the present road leading to the castle, 
 to the great bank, which formed part of tho ancient mound 
 From this bank, it is presumed, that it pursued an easterly 
 direction to the foot of the castle hill, but as the land in 
 this part is considerably wasted away, this portion of the 
 line cannot be traced. The addition of Newborough, or 
 the new Town, must have been made previous to the reign 
 of Henry III., as it is named in a charter granted by that 
 monarch. 
 
 Leland thus describes the town in 1534: — *' Scardeburg 
 Toune, though it be privilegid, yet it semith to be yn Pick- 
 ering Lithe, for the Castelle of Scardeburg is countid of 
 the jurisdiction of Pickering, and the shore from Scarde- 
 burg to the very point of Philaw-bridge ,* by the Se about 
 vj miles from Scardeburg toward Bridlington is of Pick- 
 * Filey-Bridge. 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 ering Lithe jurisdiction. Scardeburg, where it is not 
 defendid by the Wrath and the Se is waiilled a little with 
 ston, but most with ditches and walls of yerth. In the 
 toune to entre by land be but 2 gates ; Newburgh gate, 
 meatly good, and Aldeburgh gate *, very base. The toune 
 stondith hole f on a slaty clifFe ; and shoith very fair to the 
 Se side. There is but one Paroche ChirchJ in the town, 
 of our Lady, joyning almost to the Castelle : it is very 
 faire, and isled on the sides, and cross isled, and hath an- 
 cient towers for belles with Pyramides on them : whereof 2 
 toures be at the west end of the Church, and one in the 
 middle of the cross isle. There is a great chapelle § by side 
 of Newborow Gate. There were yn the Toun three howsis 
 of Freres, Gray, Blake, and White. At the South Est 
 point of Scarburgh Toun, by the shore, is a Bulwark, now 
 yn ruin by the Se rage, made by K-ichard the Third, that 
 lay awhile at Scardeburg Castelle, and beside began to 
 waul a piece of the Toun quadrato saxo.H There cummith 
 by South Est of the Bulwark, a rill of fresch water, || and 
 so goith into the Se. I hard there of an old mariner, that 
 Henry the first gave great privilege to the Town of Scarde- 
 burg. The Peere whereby socour is made for shippes is 
 now sore decayid, and that almost in the middle of it." 
 
 * When the road near Awborough-gate was widened in 1806, the 
 foundation of a Bastion, or Watch-tower, of twelve feet diameter, 
 was discovered on each side of the gat«. 
 
 t Wholly. t St. Mary's, § St. Thomas's. 
 
 IT Squared Stone.— This wall extended from the north-end of 
 Awbro'-street to St. Thomas-street, and was taken down in 1817. 
 
 II The Mill-beck. 
 
 b4 
 
SCARBRO GUIDE. 
 
 MUNICIPAL HISTORY. 
 
 Scarboiough claims to be a borougli by prescription, 
 that is to say in virtue of immemorial customs and privi- 
 leges ; and it is clear from authentic records, that it recei- 
 ved a charter of enfranchisement as early as the reign of 
 Henry II., 1181, wherein a still earlier grant by Henry I. 
 is indistinctly referred to. The charter of Henry II. 
 inspected and confirmed by his successors, grants unto the 
 burgesses of Scarborough, all the same customs, liberties, 
 and acquittances which the citizens of York enjoyed 
 throughout the land, in the time of Henry I. 
 
 There appears to have been but two interruptions to the 
 ancient constitution of the borough ; the one in the reign 
 of Richard III., who appointed a mayor, sheriff, and twelve 
 aldermen, and also granted that the town of Scarborough, 
 and manor of Falsgrave, should be one entire county of 
 itself: the other in the reign of Charles II., who incorpo- 
 rated forty- four persons (the same number as the bailiffs 
 and burgesses had previously been,) under the titles of 
 mayor, twelve aldermen, and thirty-one common council- 
 men ; both these changes were of short duration. 
 
 The ancient corporation of Scarborough consisted of two 
 bailiffs, two coroners, four chamberlains, and thirty-six 
 common councilmen ; the latter were classed in three 
 benches, or twelves, denominated the first, second, and 
 third. The two bailiffs were justices of the peace, and 
 had exclusive jurisdiction within the borough. This form 
 of the corporation continued until the passing of the mu- 
 nicipal act, 183d. By this Act the civil government of 
 
SCAKBRO* GUIDE. 
 
 9 
 
 the town is vested in a council of six aldermen, 
 and eighteen comraon-councilmen, periodically elected by 
 the burgesses or ratepayers. These annually elect a 
 mayor from their own body. The magistrates for the 
 borough, are the mayor, and five justices of the peace* 
 appointed by royal commission. The power of holding 
 quarter sessions is vested solely in the recorder, who 
 also presides in the court of pleas. 
 
 The arms of the borough bear the marks of great anti- 
 quity. A watch tower, or castle — a ship of the rudest 
 form — and a star appear on the common seal, with the in- 
 scription or legend, — " Sigilum commune burgensium 
 DE ScABDEBURG," in the Saxon or Lombardic character. 
 
10 
 
 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY. 
 
 Scarborough is one of the most ancient boroughs in the 
 kingdom. It was distinctly summoned to send members to 
 the parliment of 1282, in the reign of Edward I., (being 
 the first time any city or borough was summoned by name,) 
 and has continued to enjoy this privilege without interrup- 
 tion since that period. Until the passing of the reform 
 bill, the election of members was confined to the corpora- 
 tion. It is now extended to the ten pound householders. 
 The number of registered voters at the present time 
 is 670. 
 
CHAPTER 11. 
 
 THE CASTLE. 
 
 =^b 
 
 HE principal road leading to this 
 venerable pile is situated on the 
 northern side of the town, run- 
 ning in an eastern direction 
 along the tops of St. Thomas 
 Street, (late Tanner Street,) 
 Queen Street, &c. This road is easily reached from 
 Newborough Street, (the street leading from the principal 
 entrance, the one by the York road into the town,) by 
 ascending either of the streets we have named. * 
 
 ♦ Nearly all the streets branching from the central parts of the 
 town, which take a northerly direction, conduct to this road. 
 This 'will appear more fully >n the sequel. 
 
12 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 It would exceed the limits of our work to enter into 
 a detailed historical narrative of the castle. A brief 
 notice must suffice. Its erection was commenced in the 
 year 1136, in the reign of Stephen, by William, Earl of 
 Albemarle, a nobleman of Norman extraction, who hav- 
 ing extensive demesnes in this part of Yorkshire and in 
 Holderness, obtained permission of the king to build a 
 castle on the sea coast. William of Newburg, a monkish 
 historian, who wrote about the year 1190, gives the 
 following description of the castle. — " A rock of won- 
 derful height and bigness, and inaccessible by reason 
 of steep craggs almost on every side, stands into 
 the sea, which quite surrounds it, but in one place, 
 where a narrow slip of land gives access to it on the 
 west. It has on the top a pleasant plain, grassy and 
 spacious, of about sixty acres* or upwards, and a little 
 well of fresh water springing from a rock in it. In the 
 very entry, which puts one to some pains to get up, stands 
 a stately tower, and beneath the entry the city begins, 
 spreading its two sides south and north, and carrying 
 its front westward, where it is fortified with a wall : but 
 on the east is fenced by that rock where the castle 
 stands ; and lastly on both sides by the sea. William, 
 surnamed le Gros, Earl of Albemarle and Holderness, 
 observing this place to be fitly situated for building a 
 
 * The present area of the castle yard is no more than seventeen 
 acres, ten perches. The rock, on which the castle is built, has 
 wasted away during the course of ages : but there may probably 
 be some mistake in Newburg's account respecting the quantity of 
 land, as the ancient accounts of acres are very incorrect. The 
 ancient were probably larger than modem acres, and it is very 
 probable that the word " Sexaginta," (sixtv) has crept in for 
 Sexdecem (sixteen). 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 13 
 
 ciistle on, increased the natural strength of it by a very 
 costly work, having enclosed all the plain upon the rock 
 with a wall, and built a tower in the entrance. But 
 this being decayed and fallen by the weight of too much 
 age, king Henry II. commanded a great and brave castle 
 to be built upon the same spot; for he had novv redu- 
 ced the nobility of England, who during the loose reign 
 of king Stephen had impaired the revenues of the crown ; 
 but especially this William of Albemarle, who lorded it 
 over these parts, and kept this place as his own " 
 
 Leland, in his Itinerary, gives the following "account : 
 — *' At the est end of the toune, on the one poynt of 
 the bosom of the Se, where the Harborow for shippes 
 is, stondith an exceeding goodly larg and stronge Cas- 
 telle on a stepe rock, ha^dng but one way, by the stepe 
 slaty crag, to cum to it. And or ever a man can entre 
 aream Castelli there be two tours, and bet-wixt each of 
 them a Draw-brid, having stepe rocks on each side of 
 them. In the first court is the Arx and three tours on 
 a row, and then yoinith a wall to them, as an arme 
 down from the first courte to the point of the Se cliff, 
 conteining in it vj toures whereof the second is square, 
 and full of longgings (lodgings), and is called the Queen's 
 Toure or Lodging. "Without the first Area is a great 
 Grene, conteyning (to reken down to the very shore) 
 sixteen acres, and yn it is a Chapelle, and beside olde 
 waulles of houses of office that stood there. But of all 
 the Castelle the Arx is the eldest and strongest part. 
 The entry of the castele betwixt the draw-bridges is such, 
 that with costes the Se might cum round about the 
 
14 SCAllBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 Castelle,* the which standith as a little foreland or 
 poynt betwixt 2 baayes." It subsequently passed through 
 all the Ticissitudes of the unsettled periods of feudalism, 
 and the troublesome times of civil commotion. Its ample 
 battlements have, at one time, afforded shelter to the 
 friends of royalty, and at another, has been the strong 
 hold of its enemies. During the Parliamentary wars it 
 was twice the subject of siege ; first in the year 1645, 
 and again in 1648. It has been visited since its erec 
 tion by several of the sovereigns of England. Gaveston, 
 the favorite of Edward II., was left by that monarch, 
 on h*s return from the north, as governor of the castle, 
 where he was taken by the hostile forces of the Earl of 
 Pembroke. It was probably dismantled by order of the 
 government about, the year 1648—49. 
 
 The lofty promontory on which the ruins of this an- 
 cient castle are situated, is bounded on three sides by the 
 ocean, and elevated nearly three hundred feet above the 
 level of the sea ; presenting to the north, the east, and the 
 south, a vast sweep of craggy perpendicular rocks, totally 
 inaccesible. The area of the land inclosed wiihiu its 
 walls, is variously estimated from fifteen to rather more 
 than seventeeen acres; which latter estimate is probably 
 the most accurate. The tremendous appearance from its 
 aspiring summit perfectly assimulates to the description of 
 Dover Cliffs, by the inimitable pen of Shakespere : — 
 
 * It seems impracticable to insulate the castle in this manner, 
 as the fosse or ditch is such a considerable height above the 
 level of the sea ; ai least, it would be an undertaking of immense 
 labour and difficulty. 
 
SCABBRO' GUIDE. 15 
 
 "How fearful, 
 And dizzy 'tis to cast one's eye so low ! 
 The crows and choughs, that wing the midway air, 
 Show scarce so gi-oss as beetles— 
 The fishermen, who walk upon the beach, 
 Appear like mice ; and yon tall anchoring bark 
 Diminished to her skiff, her skiff a buoy 
 Almost too small for sight.— The murmuring surge, 
 That on the unnumber'd pebbles idly chafes. 
 Can scarce be heard so high," 
 
 Its western aspect is bold and majestic. A high steep 
 and rocky slope, thinly covered with verdure, commands 
 the town and the bay, by its superior elevation. The ap- 
 proach to the castle is by the gateway on the summit of a 
 narrow isthmus, on the western side above the town. 
 Within this gate, the north and south walls of the castle 
 form an angular projection,* The outwork, or corps de 
 garde ^ which is without the ditch, with which it commu, 
 nicaled by a draw bridge, forms the entrance of the castle- 
 and is what was anciently called the barbican. Within 
 the gate, is now an advanced battery of two twelve pound- 
 er carronades, and a few yards beyond was the draw- 
 bridge, removed in 1818, and replaced by a stone arch, 
 under which is a deep and perpendicular fosse. This fosse, 
 or dyke, continues southward along the foot of the western 
 c^eclivity of the castle-hill, the whole length of the wall, 
 ieyond the bridge, on the right, is a part of the wall o* 
 the ballium, to which there is a little acclivity ; and here 
 
 * At the western point of this projection, without the walls, is 
 an outwork on an eminence, which was a battery at the siege of 
 the castle, in 1034, mounting seven guas, and was called Bushel's 
 battery, from Captain Bushel, an officer of the garrison. 
 
16 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 rises a stately tower, majestic even in ruin. This tower, 
 which has been the keep, is a very lofty square Norman 
 huilding, each side measuring (exclusive of the projection 
 of the base,) fifty-four feet, the height ninety-seven feet, 
 and it has formerly had an embattled parapet. The walls 
 are about twelvf* feet thick, cased with square stones, and 
 inclose a narrow staircase, now broken " and interrupted ; 
 and the mortar having been mixed in a fluid state, accor- 
 ding to the custom of the ancients, has received a consis- 
 tency by age, that renders it more impenetrable and durable 
 than even the stone of the building. There appears to 
 have been three stories of very lofty rooms, one over ano- 
 ther, each room between twenty or thirty feet high, and 
 ten yards square vdthin the walls, with recesses. The 
 remains of a very large fire place are visible in the lower 
 apartment. The subterraneous room, or dungeon, is near- 
 ly filled up with stones and earth. The different stories 
 have been vaulted, and divided by strong arches : and 
 private passages formerly communicating with the stair- 
 cases, are visible in some of the intervals of the casings of 
 the walls. The windows divided by round mullions, are in 
 semicircular arched recesses, and are larger than usual in 
 such buildings. They were converted during the late war 
 into magazines for gunpowder, and held five hundred bar- 
 rels. The area of the ballium, where the tower is situated 
 contains more than half an acre of ground, and is separated 
 from the internal parts of the castle yard, by a ditch and 
 mound, surmounted with a wall. On the wall in front is 
 the beacon, and a little removed from it, a battery of one 
 gun, mounted on a traversing platform. About fifteen 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 17 
 
 yards to the east of the beacon, was a deep well, but whence 
 it was supplied with water, cannot at present be ascer- 
 tained. The embattled wall, which has defended and 
 adorned the summit of the hill on the western side, con- 
 tinues hence to the southern extremity of the castle yard. 
 The barracks, situated along the western wall, are modern, 
 having been erected in the year 1746, by order of the Duke 
 of Montague, master general of the ordnance. They will 
 contain one hundred and twenty soldiers in twelve apart- 
 ments, besides which there are others for officers. 
 
 On the south-east point of the castle yard, upon a 
 projecting plain, some distance below its summit facing 
 the bay and. the haven, at a convenient height above the 
 level of the sea, is a battery called the '^ south steel," 
 erected in 1643, and rebuilt in 1748, when ten guns, 
 eighteen pounders, one of which was placed on a traversing 
 platform, were placed therein. A covered way, descending 
 from the castle yard by a flight of steps, leads down to this 
 battery, which is the principal defence of the town to the 
 soiith ; and, from its favoured situation, is in some degree 
 formidable. Here is also a store-house with a guard-j-oom, 
 and a magazine where ammunition for cannon is deposited. 
 Several old cannon balls that were found lodged in the 
 earth and walls of the castle, some time after the siege, are 
 also preserved here. Under an arched vault in the castle 
 yard, near the ruins of the ancient chapel, there is a 
 reservoir of water called the " lady's well," supposed to be 
 the spring mentioned by old historians, and to have been 
 consecrated in the days of superstition to the Virgin 
 Mary. This reservoir when filled, contains about forty 
 c 
 
18 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 tons of water, which is very transparent, and has been 
 found by experiment, to weigh lighter by one ounce in 
 the "Winchester gallon, than any other water in the 
 vicinity. 
 
 The splendid prospect from this elevated cliff, which by 
 its unrivalled charms, relieves the eye and exhilarates the 
 mind, defies language to pourtray — the diversified scenes 
 of the surrounding country ; the romantic appearance of 
 the town ; the sands enlivened by various objects ; and 
 the unbounded view of the ocean, form an assemblage 
 beautiful beyond description. Few prospects are better 
 calculated to call to mind the words of the poet Milton : — 
 
 " These are thy glorious works, Parent of good ! 
 Almighty ! thine this universal frame, 
 Thus wonderous fair; thyself how wonderous then; 
 Unspeakable ! who sit'st above these heavens 
 To us invisible, or dimly seen 
 In these tby lower works ; yet these declare 
 Thy goodness beyond all thought, and power divine." 
 
 ST. MARY^S CHURCH. 
 
 Turning from these mouldering remains of bygone 
 periods, a building consecrated to the worship of Almighty 
 God, scarcely less interesting for its antiquity awaits us. 
 This sacred building, which has the appearance of a 
 conventual church, was erected as early as the twelfth 
 century, in the reign of king Stephen. The ruins still 
 standing at the eastern part of the church, the dismem- 
 bered appearance of the western end, and the great 
 quantity of foundation stones discovered in the burial 
 ground contiguous to it, are sufficient proofs, that it 
 
SCARBRO* GUIDE. 19 
 
 shows in its present state, only the remains of a much 
 larger edifice. The architecture of the west end of the 
 church is Anglo-Norman, a style characteristic of the 
 twelfth century. From Leland's *' Itinerary," it appears, 
 that previous to the reformation, the church was adorned 
 with three handsome towers, two of which were at the 
 west-end,* and one was over the centre of the transept. 
 The desolation which this venerable edifice sustained 
 during the seige of the castle, and by the subsequent fall 
 of the transept tower,f reduced it to a state of ruin ; and 
 the inhabitants, by a succession of calamitous events, had 
 suffered so severely, that they were under the necessity 
 of having recourse to a brief, in the year 1660, xii. 
 Charles II., to enable them to rebuild it. By the 
 assistance of this brief, and other contributions, part of 
 the body of St. Mary's Church, and the tower as it now 
 stands, were rebuilt in 1669, on the foundation and ruin of 
 the old fabric, and the north isle was added. The organ 
 was erected in 1763, and the clock, 1701. The present 
 steeple occupies the place af the transept tower, and the 
 grammar school-house is formed on the remains of the 
 south transept, which was formerly denominated " Farrar's 
 aisle." There are no remains of the north transept, except 
 its western wall, which terminates the present north aisle, 
 
 * The clustering pillars near the present font appear, from 
 their great strength, to have been built to sustain the two western 
 towers. 
 
 t The centre or transept tower having been greatly shaken 
 during the seige of the castle, in 1645, fell in October. 1659, and 
 considerably injured a great part of the nave of the church The 
 extent of the damage which it occasioned, may be seen by 
 the imperfect junction of one of the arches in the nave, near 
 the pulpit. 
 
 c2 
 
20 SCARBRO* GUIDE. 
 
 and exhibits vestiges of a gothic window. To the east of 
 the centre or transept tower, was the choir, the extent of 
 which (eastward) is defined by the ruins of a gothic tower. 
 There appears also to have been side aisles to the chancel, 
 but the foundation of the outer wall on the north of the 
 choir, can only be traced. The one on the south had five 
 gothic windows, which were in a state of delapidation from 
 the time of the siege, until the beginning of the last 
 century, when they were entirely removed. Gent, who 
 wrote in 1734, states, " That the spacious chancel, or east 
 part, which is now roofless, has nothing to set it off, 
 except a pomp in ruins, denoting its former magnificence." 
 No part of the old choir is now remaining, except the ruin 
 of the west end, which is hastening to decay.* The 
 southern part of the building attached to the nave seems 
 to have, in some degree, escaped the injury sustained by 
 the other parts, as some of the remains of the chantries, 
 and also of the stone basins for the consecrated water, are 
 still visible under the arched recesses adjoining the south 
 aisle. On the south side of the church, (between the 
 porch and the school,) are four arched recesses projecting 
 into the church yard ; these were originally four chantries, 
 founded as chapels, or places of prayer for the souls of the 
 deceased : they are now open to the south aisle, and form 
 part of the body of the church. There has long been a 
 general wish that some steps should be taken to restore this 
 once splendid edifice to somewhat of its former beauty and 
 magnificence, or at least to rescue it from its present neg. 
 lected and degraded state to a condition more worthy of the 
 
 *The choir measured in length 115 feet; in breadth, 29 feet 
 exclusive of the side-aisles, which were 12 feet each la width. 
 
SCARBRO* GUIDE. 21 
 
 improving character of the town. This object is at length 
 to be accomphshed, subscriptions have been entered into, 
 a plan adopted, and the work will be commenced towards 
 the close of the present season. The plan decided upon out 
 of fourteen competitors, is one by Mr. Christian, of London, 
 and will be carried out under his own superintendence ; the 
 restoration is to be confined to the area of the present walls, 
 the unsightly galleries stuck here and there around the 
 building are to be removed, the church to be entirely re- 
 pewed, the mullions and tracery of the windows to be 
 restored, the nave opened and lengthened, the tower at the 
 east end to be pierced with a window of stained glass, and 
 other improvements effected which will both increase 
 the accommodation, and render it more comfortable 
 and convenient for the sacred purposes to which it 
 is dedicated. The church and churchyard are crowded 
 with memorials of the departed. In the former are several 
 elegant monuments belonging to distinguished families of 
 the town and neighbourhood; in the latter, in many cases, — • 
 
 " Their name, their years, spelt by the unletter'd muse, 
 The place of fame and elegy supply; 
 And many a holy text around she strews, 
 That teach the rustic moralist how to die." 
 
 There are several roads leading from the church-yard to 
 different parts of the town, but we propose leaving by the 
 gate at which we entered. Continuing, then, our walk 
 from the castle, we pass on the right, several elegant houses, 
 recently erected, having on our left, the covered ropery. 
 At a little distance from the church, is a large blue 
 STONE, fixed in the fence- wall, on the right. There is a 
 c3 
 
22 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 traditionary report, that the first market-place * was 
 situated in this part, and that this stone, which has 
 continued for ages, was the place where public bargains 
 were ratified and discharged ; it being the custom in those 
 days, to pay the money for the goods bought in the 
 market, upon a stone, in the presence of several witnesses. 
 The northern extremity of Tollergate, a street situated a 
 little lower down, on the left, has communicated with 
 this market place, and may have derived its name from 
 being the place appointed to collect the tolls. 
 The next object that claims attention, is the 
 
 LANCASTERIAN SCHOOLS, 
 
 situated on the right. These commodious school-rooms^ 
 capable of containing upwards of four hundred children, 
 were built in 1810. The institution has been promoted 
 by a voluntary subscription of the inhabitants. It is 
 under the direction of a committee annually elected, the 
 members of which are assiduously attentive to the 
 advancement of the institution. The present number 
 of children in the schools are, boys, 215 : girls, 134 ; 
 total, 349. Leaving these schools, we pass on the left 
 the end of Tollergate, already named. On the right, a 
 little lower down, is 
 
 WILSON'S MARINERS' ASYLUM. 
 
 This asylum, the building of which was commenced in 
 
 1836, contains fourteen houses, of two rooms each. They 
 
 * This appears to be confirmed by an ancient deed, late in 
 the possession of the executors of Mr. John Parkin, which statea 
 that one of the fields now adjoining the rope-walk, then butted 
 upon the market^street on the north. 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 23 
 
 are intended for tlie use of decayed mariners, and were 
 erected at a cost of nearly four thousand pounds, by the 
 late Richard Wilson, Esq. The first occupants were 
 appointed by the benevolent founder. By his will, he has 
 bequeathed a sum sufficient to keep the building in repair » 
 and to allow each occupant a small annuity. This sum is 
 left under the care of fifteen trustees, who are also em- 
 powered to fill up all vacancies. 
 
 On the left, immediately opposite, is Auborough- 
 Street. This street formed the boundary of the old town, 
 the western wall of which, as already stated, extended 
 from this part through Cross-street, to Elands* cliff. One 
 of the ancient gates of the town was here erected, and its 
 condition, early in the sixteenth century, was described by 
 Leland, in his " Itinerary," as "very base." When the 
 road near this gate was widened in 1806, the foundation 0£ 
 a bastion, or watchtower, of twelve feet diameter was dis- 
 covered on each side of the gate. 
 
 The next object of interest at which we arrive, is 
 
 THE AMICABLE SOCIETY'S SCHOOLS. 
 
 The amicable society, established for clothing and edu- 
 cating the children of the poor of Scarborough, is a most 
 useful institution. The schools of this society were built 
 in 1817, at the cost of £1200, on ground given by the cor- 
 poration. They contain, besides the school rooms, apart- 
 ments for the master and mistress. The society was 
 founded in the year 1729, and is imder the government of 
 a president, four trustees, and four wardens, annually 
 elected. The fund for the support of this institution, 
 c 4 
 
24 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 arises from annual subscriptions of the members, collections 
 made in the churches, and other voluntary donations and 
 bequests. The number of children thus clothed and edu- 
 cated, now in the schools is 80 ; and the number of mem- 
 bers, 300. The late Robert North, Esq., a gentleman of 
 liberal education, and exemplary benevolence and piety, 
 was the principal founder of this society. 
 
 NATIONAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 The national school for girls, erected in 1836, is situated 
 nearly apposite to the amicable society's schools. The one 
 for boys, situated immediately below these schools, was 
 erected in 1837, on a plot of ground granted by the corpo- 
 ration, at the top of Queen-street. An endowment of £300 
 was made to this institution, by Lord Feversham, in 1837. 
 The schools, which are conducted on the principles of the 
 Church of England, are well attended. 
 
 THE MERCHANT SEAMAN^S HOSPITAL, 
 
 built in 1752, is a spacious building, consisting of a centre 
 and two wings, situated on the right, a little further on the 
 road, with a court in front. It contains twenty-five sepa- 
 rate apartments, for the accommodation of as many aged 
 seamen, belonging to Scarborough. It is under the 
 management of fifteen trustees, annually chosen by the 
 owners and masters of ships belonging to the port of Scar- 
 borough. The funds arise from the duty of sixpence a 
 month, collected out of the wages of every seaman belong* 
 
SCARBPvO' GUIDE. 25 
 
 ing to the port. The amount of revenue derived from this 
 source, varies from £170 to £200 a year. 
 Nearly opposite to this Hospital, is the 
 
 BOROUGH GAOL, 
 
 Erected in the year 1842. Quarter sessions for the 
 borough are held before the Recorder, in the months of 
 January, April, July, and October. 
 
 To the right, turning the end of the Merchant Seaman's 
 Hospital, is the road leading to the north sands, where is 
 situated the 
 
 NORTH MARINE TERRACE, 
 
 a line of elegant houses, (chiefly lodging houses,) very 
 recently erected, and to which additions are constantly 
 being made. The prospect which the above site commands 
 of the castle, north sands, and of an almost unlimited 
 extent of the ocean, is most delightful ; and the breezes 
 inhaled here from the sea, are refreshing and invigorating. 
 Retracing our steps to the Merchant Seaman's Hospital, 
 the road leads nearly opposite down St. Thomas Street, to 
 Newborough Street, from which we started. 
 
CHAPTEE in. 
 
 AViNG now mastered the most interesting 
 features of the castle, and the road lead- 
 ing directly from it, the reader will be 
 prepared to accompany us to the interior 
 I portions of the old town. Descending to 
 the foot of Newborough-street, on the 
 right is Bland's Cliff, a steep descent to the shore, made 
 by Mr. John Bland, a merchant of the town, about the 
 year 1722. In the front is Carr Street, and to the 
 
SCAKBRO' GUIDE. 27 
 
 left is Cross Street, along which we propose to continue 
 our walk. Several of the houses in this street are built 
 upon the ruins of the ancient wa,ll, which defended the 
 town on the west. Arriving at the top, we have on 
 the left. Friar's Entry, leading forward to Queen-street, 
 formerly called Black Friargate. These names are derived 
 from the convent of dominican, or black friars, formerly 
 established in this part of the town. In a direct line with 
 Cross-street, is Auborough Street, already named. On 
 the left, in descending this street, is the 
 
 ROMAN CATHOLIC CHAPEL, 
 
 erected chiefly through the exertions of the Rev. W. Cogh- 
 lan, in the year 1809, capable of containing four hundred 
 persons. In the year 1839, this chapel underwent a series 
 of repairs, and interior decorations, under the superinten- 
 dence of H. S. Bulmer, Esq. These have given to the 
 interior an appearance of peculiar neatness and elegance. 
 Order of the services, Sundays, mass sung at half-past ten ; 
 vespers chanted at half-past six ; on week days, mass at 
 half-past eight. 
 
 Leaving Auborough street, we pass along High West 
 Gate, situated in a line with Friar's entry. At the termi- 
 nation of this street, is Toller Gate on the left, and 
 DuMPLE Street on the right. In a small court, in the 
 latter street, called Batly place, is 
 
 THE TABERNACLE. 
 
 This is the chapel of the "Wesley an Associati m Metho- 
 dists, built in 1831, and will seat upwards of five hundred 
 
28 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 persons. Order of the services : — Sundays, prayer meeting 
 at seveu o'clock; sermon at half-past ten in the morning, 
 two in the afternoon, and six in the evening ; sermon on 
 Wednesday evening at seven o'clock. From High West- 
 gate, the road is continued along Long Westgate. 
 This street proceeds a considerable length, terminating at 
 Castlegate, whence the road leads on the left to the 
 castle and castle dykes. On the left, not far from the 
 entrance, is 
 
 EBENEZER CHAPEL. 
 
 The dimensions of this neat and commodious chapel 
 (more generally known as the Baptist chapel,) is sixty 
 four feet by fifty three. It was built in 1826, at a cost of 
 more than £2,600 ; and will seat from nine hundred to a 
 thousand persons. The first chapel belonging to this body 
 was built near the present site, in the year 1776. The 
 late venerable William Hague, may, with great propriety, 
 be called the founder of the baptists in Scarborough, as 
 there were none of that denomination in this place, pre- 
 viously to his first ministry in 1767, in a room near the 
 sands. The venerable founder of this society, who preached 
 the gospel more than half a century, with a large share 
 of zeal and simplicity, died 22nd October, 1831, aged 
 92 years. The Rev. B. Evans has been pastor since 1826. 
 Order of the services : — Sundays, at half-past ten in the 
 morning, and six in the evening; and on Wednesdays 
 at seven. 
 Proceeding a little further, we arrive, on the right. 
 
SCARBKO' GUIDE. ^9 
 
 the opening into Cook's Row, down which we / proceed. 
 Passing on the right down this street, are 
 
 TAYLOR'S FREE DWELLINGS, 
 
 one of the numerous charities with which the town is 
 privileged The building is a small brick structure, con- 
 taining fourteen sets of apartments. They were erected 
 out of a legacy of £1,000, left by Mr. Joseph Taylor, in 
 1810, and were intended as an asylum, rent free for aged 
 and respectable poor, being inhabitants of Scarborough. 
 The same testator also devised the sum of £100, the 
 interest of which is applied to the education of poor 
 children ; with the rent of a field of three acres, to be 
 expended in the purchase of coals for gratuitous distribu- 
 tion among the poor in winter. An endowment of £800 
 has also been left to this charity by Mrs. H. Mennel, a 
 relative of the original testator. At the end of these 
 dwellings, is the 
 
 SCHOOL OF INDUSTRY. 
 
 This institution, founded in 1808, is under the patronage 
 of the ladies of Scarborough, who have ever manifested an 
 ardent desire for the improvement of the lower orders of 
 their own sex. The present number of girls in the school 
 is about 80 ; who not only receive instruction adapted to 
 raise their moral character, but to fit them for the 
 domestic circle in which they will probably move. 
 
 Arrived at the termination of Cook's Row, we find a 
 little further on our right, by the side of the lower conduit 
 
30 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 the remains of a very ancient market cross, of which au 
 engraving is given at the end. This cross is mentioned 
 frequently in the corporation records as the ** Butter 
 Cross," and proclamations continue to be made here. 
 
 The street (West Sandgate) which passes the angle 
 where the conduit is fixed, conducts to the harbour. We 
 prefer pursuing the road to the right, from Cook's Row, 
 which leads into St. Sepulchre Street. The name of 
 this street is, in all probability, derived from the church 
 and convent of the Franciscan, or Grey Friars, erected at 
 the beginning of the fourteenth century. This church was 
 dedicated by commiasion, issued on the 20th of March, 
 1306, to the Holy Sepulchre. Its site was between the 
 Friend's Meeting House, and the street. We have 
 scarcely entered this street, before we arrive at the 
 
 INFANT SCHOOL, 
 
 situated on the left hand. One of these important institu- 
 tions was formed in Scarborough about 1827, under a com- 
 mittee of management of ladies and gentlemen. The 
 number of children at present on the book is 175 ; in 
 attendance from 150 to 160. A little further on the same 
 side, is the 
 
 INDEPENDENT CHAPEL. 
 
 This was first erected in the year 1703, and was 
 probably then a presbyterian place of worship. The Rev. 
 William Hannah was the first minister, and continued 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 3 L 
 
 until 1725. He was succeeded by the Rev. W. Whitaker, 
 who officiated until the year 1773, when through age and 
 many infirmities, he was under the necessity of declining 
 the ministry. At that period the Rev. Samuel Bottomley 
 was invited to succeed him. The novelty, zeal and ability 
 of this preacher, greatly increased the congregation ; so 
 that in the year 1774, it was found necessary to rebuild 
 and enlarge the place of worship. In 1801, it was enlarged 
 a second time, and will now seat five hundred persons. 
 Mr. Bottomley died the 13th of February, 1831, and was 
 succeeded by the Rev. G. B. Kidd, the present minister. 
 Order of services : — Sunday, sermon at half-past ten o'clock 
 in the morning ; and a sermon at half-past six in the 
 evening. Thursday evening, sermon at seven. 
 
 Nearly opposite to this chapel, is the entrance to the 
 
 FRIENDS' MEETING HOUSE. 
 
 It is a neat plain building, erected in the year 1801. 
 Part of the ground surrounding it, is used as a place of 
 interment, and the other part is a garden. Their first 
 establishment in Scarborough was in the year 1651. Their 
 founder, John Fox, suffered a long imprisonment in Scar- 
 borough castle. Services : — Sundays, morning and even- 
 ing ; and every Wednesday morning. On the same side 
 of the street, is the 
 
 PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHAPEL. 
 
 It was built in 1821, and enlarged in 1840. It will 
 seat upwards of six hundred persons. Order of services : — ^' 
 
32 SCARBHO' GUIDE. 
 
 Sunday moining at half-past ten; afternoon at two; 
 evening at six. Friday evening at seven. Prayer meet- 
 ings, Sec, nearly every evening in the week. 
 On the opposite side of the street is the 
 
 TEINITY HOUSE. 
 
 This institution is mentioned by Thoresly, in his 
 '' Diary,'* so early as 1682, and was without doubt, 
 founded much earlier. The old building, which from age 
 was hastening to decay, was removed in 1832, and the 
 present elegant structure erected on its site. The present 
 building, which contains comfortable apartments for the 
 inmates, and a commodious board-room for the use of 
 the trustees, was opened for the purposes of the institution 
 in 1833. 
 
 At the top of St. Sepulchre street, we turn to the left, 
 the road leading past the end of Carr-street. to Merchants* 
 Row, There are few greater improvements in the town, 
 than the widening of this now commodious thoroughfare. 
 Until the year 1843, it was so narrow and inconvenient, as 
 to render it extremely unpleasant to persons passing along 
 it. At the end of this street, the road turns to the right, 
 down the termination of West Sandgate, to the sands and 
 harbour. On the sands is the 
 
 FISH MAKKET. 
 
 In a plentiful season, there is a great variety, viz., cod, 
 liiig, halibut, turbut, skate, soles, haddocks, herrings, 
 lobsters, crabs, &c. 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 33 
 
 THE PIERS AND HARBOUR. 
 
 The^iers and harbour of Scarborough, have for many 
 centuries been deemed of such consequence to the northern 
 trade on this side of the island, that in the days of our 
 ancient kings, various grants were made for their main- 
 tenence and security. Henry III. in the thirty sixth year 
 of his reign, by a patent roll, dated 26th July, 1252, 
 granted particular duties for the benefit of the town of 
 Scarborough, to make a certain port with timber and stone 
 towards the sea. The contracted and dangerous state of 
 the old harbour, and the insufficiency of the ancient pier 
 being represented to parliament, an act was passed in 
 1732, for enlarging the pier and harbour. In consequence 
 of this act, an experienced engineer was employed, who 
 proposed an additional work to the old pier, from near the 
 locker-house westward, and curving onward to the sea at 
 the extremity. The whole of this pier is still distin- 
 guished by the name of the Old Pier, though some, with 
 more propriety, call the additional new work, from the 
 name of the engineer who finished it, " Vincent's Pier." 
 It is easily distinguished by the lighthouse, and other 
 buildings erected at the end of it. During the slow 
 progress of the extension of " Vincent's pier," the harbour 
 was truly dangerous ; being little superior in point of 
 safety to the open sea. In the year 1763, the force of the 
 sea, in a violent gale of wind, made a breach near the 
 lock-house, and the waves passing through, many ships 
 
 D 
 
34 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 were washed out of the harbour, and driven upon the 
 rocks to the southward of the spa. On the evening of 
 New Year's day, 1767, another storm suddenly arose, by 
 which all the ships were broken loose from their winter 
 moorings, and a new vessel was washed ojff the stocks. 
 These and similar occurrences proving the necessity of 
 some further security, it was judged expedient to build a 
 new pier, extending from the foot of the castle cliff, and 
 sweeping into the sea with a laige portion of a circle. 
 This was an undertaking of considerable magnitude, it 
 being necessary to build it of extraordinary dimensions, 
 to resist the violence of the waves in such an exposed 
 situation. 
 
 THE NEW PIER. 
 
 The outer pier extending to the cliff, is called the New 
 Pier. Its foundation at the bend, or central curvature, is 
 sixty-three feet. The height on the outside is thirty feet, 
 having a parapet nine feet broad, which lowering two 
 courses, the remaining breadth at the top is fifteen feet six 
 inches. Its extent is about four hundred and sixty yards, 
 or thirteen hundred and eighty feet. The ponderous 
 rocks, some of which weigh from twenty to forty tons, 
 used in building the new pier, were taken from a quarry 
 named the " white nabb," or ** nob,'* (an opposite point,) 
 and conveyed in fiat-bottomed vessels, called ''floats." 
 This quarry, about a mile beyond the spa, is a great 
 natural curiosity, and worthy of observation, containing 
 large masses of flat rocks, lying upon the shore in regular 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 35 
 
 Strata, They are separated without much difficulty, are 
 of a close texture, and almost impenetrable to the tool by 
 their extreme hardness. The situation of the harbour 
 unfortunately exposes it to be warped up with the sand, 
 brought in by a succession of tides from the great bed of 
 the ocean ; and the more quiescent the state of the water, 
 the greater is the accumulation. In the winter of 1816-17, 
 the harbour was considerably deepened by manual labour. 
 The sand and rubbish so removed, was conveyed in 
 lighters to a sufficient distance at sea, by which judicious 
 measure an additional depth of water, from one to four 
 feet was acquired. To secure this advantage, and to 
 obtain safe mooring, carcases of timber and plank filled 
 with large stones, were placed in a line from TVest Sand- 
 gate towards the old pier, and the experiment was so far 
 successful, that it was soon followed by a more permanent 
 erection of stone. 
 
 THE WESTERN PIER. 
 
 As this pier had its origin in the manner just related, so 
 its site was determined by the result, and in some degree 
 by its being convenient to form there a landing or dischar- 
 ging quay, for the commerce of the town. It is twenty- 
 five feet broad, and one hundred and twenty yards long, 
 forming an agreeable and pleasant promenade. The har- 
 bour of Scarborough has its advantages and disadvantages, 
 and these ought to be maturely considered by the masters 
 of coasting vessels. It is allowed to be the only place of 
 d2 
 
36 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 refuge between the Humber and Tynemouth haven, which 
 can safely be entered in storms by vessels of any moderate 
 draught of water. It is easy of access, and has frequently 
 afforded the means of preserving many valuable ships, their 
 cargoes, and navigators, in situations of the most imminent 
 danger: ample testimonies of which can be furnished by 
 the custom-house. It not only possesses a superior depth 
 of water within the shelter of its pier, over any other tide 
 haven within the preceding limits ; but from its situation 
 in the recess of a bay, four miles within the usual track of 
 vessels between Whitby-rock and Flamborough-head, it 
 enables them in eastern gales, by the additional drift, to 
 keep so much longer off the shore, and generally gives 
 them the opportunity to enter at a proper time of the tide. 
 In the winter season, ships on this part of the coast are 
 frequently overtaken by sudden and violent gales of wind 
 from the eastward, and are unable to clear the land on 
 either tack. Under these circumstances of distress, this 
 harbour is their only refuge from destruction ; and such 
 an important advantage may justly be said to constitute its 
 principal excellency. 
 
 THE LIGHTHOUSE. 
 
 This building was erected at the end of Vincent's pier. 
 It has recently been raised a story higher, and a cupola 
 added to the top. For the direction of ships wishing to 
 enter the harbour, a signal flag is displayed every day at 
 the top, and continues there so long as the water retains 
 the depth of ten feet, a light being exhibited as a guide by 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 37 
 
 night. A very important improvement has recently taken 
 place in this part of the harbour, by an opening made in 
 the old pier, over which is a neat cast-iron draw-bridge, 
 and vessels can now pass from the inner to the outer har- 
 bour. Nearly the whole of the pier has also been newly 
 faced with stone and lengthened, and flood gates have been 
 placed between this and the outer pier, which also serve 
 the purpose of a bridge, from one to the other. 
 
 THE LIFE BOAT. 
 
 A life boat was constructed at Scarborough in the year 
 1800, from Mr. Greathead's plan, and has been instrumen- 
 tal in saving much property and many lives. It was built 
 and supported by voluntary subscription. The present 
 life boat was constructed upon improved principles in 1823, 
 In addition to the life boat, there are also at Scarborough 
 Captain Manby's mortar and apparatus for firing a rope 
 from the shore to vessels in danger of shipwreck ; thus 
 opening a means of communication with the crew, which 
 may tend to the saving of their lives, there are also rockets 
 for a similar purpose, invented and supplied by A. G. 
 Cash, Esq. Both of these valuable means of communica^ 
 ting with stranded vessels, being under the superintendence 
 of the coast guard, stationed at Scorborougii. 
 
 THE CUSTOM HOUSE 
 
 is situated on the beach, near the western pier, 
 D 3 
 
38 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 TKADE. 
 
 Scarborough, though in possession of a eonvenient port, 
 has a restricted commerce. The vicinity ot sterile moors, 
 and a thinly peopled neighbourhood, without any water 
 communication with the interior of the country, are formi- 
 dable impediments to the extension of trade. Shipping 
 and its dependencies are the principal bra,nches in which 
 the inhabitants are most generally interested ; ship-build- 
 ing forming an important object of employment, being a 
 great source of emolument ; but of late years, has very 
 much declined. The commerce of the port is principly 
 confined to the following articles ;— Exports ; corn, butter 
 in firkins, hams, bacoli, and saltfish. Imports : coals from 
 Newcastle, Sunderland, &c.; timber, deals, hemp, flax and 
 iron from the Baltic ; brandy and geneva, from Holland ; 
 wine from Portugal, via Hull ; and groceries from London. 
 
 Along the beach the following objects deserving of atten- 
 tion present themselves : — 
 
 GENERAL SEA-BATHING INFIRMARY. 
 
 fronting the head of the new pier. In 1796, an infirmary 
 of this kind was established at Margate, under the sanguine 
 recommendation of some sixteen distinguished medical 
 authorities. In 1804, five physicians and surgeons had 
 been desired by the medical board of the institution, to 
 examine and state its effects, reported — 
 
 " That by the benefits which it has effected in the saving of 
 limbs, by subduing the most pressing diseases of the joints; in 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 39 
 
 conciuering inflammation of the eyes which had resisted former 
 endeavours, and threatened permanent blindness; in healing 
 obstinate, weakening, and distressing sores; in resolving and 
 removing the evils attendant on indurated glands in various 
 parts ; in restoring health and vigour from conditions of body the 
 most emaciated and deplorable ; in altering, to all appearance, 
 constitutions, where striking characters of a strong scrofulous 
 disposition had been manifested ; and preserving the lives of 
 persons seemingly at the brink of death — it had equalled their 
 hope, and exceeded the promise, and declared expectations of its 
 founders and early promoters." 
 
 Such were the salutary effects of the Margate Bethesda, 
 estimated upon the experience of more than eight years by 
 professional gentlemen, whose names are a sufficient pane_ 
 gyric. During that period, upwards of eight hundred 
 patients had been admitted, of whom a great majority were 
 restored to health and strength. What Margate has effec- 
 ted for the south of England, Scarborough may not un- 
 reasonably be presumed to efiect for the north. But the 
 immediate extent of public patronage could not with any 
 certainty be anticipated ; it was at first intended to furnish 
 only bathing gratis, U7itil an enlarged conviction of its utility 
 should have proportionally extended its funds. These 
 funds are a moderate contribution from the opulent summer 
 y^sitors, with the subscriptions of the nobility and gentry 
 of the northern counties ; and it is hoped they vsdll be com- 
 petent to meet the supply, if disbursed under constant and 
 vigilant superintendence. At present, lodging and board- 
 ing are allowed to patients recommended from a distance ' 
 on a scale proportionate to the amount of annual subscrip 
 tion 
 
 D 
 
40 SCABBRO* GUIDE. 
 
 patron. 
 His Grace the Archbishop of York. 
 
 The Mayor for the time beini^. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., Lord 
 
 Lieutenant of Derbyshire. 
 The Right Honourable the Earl of Carlisle. 
 The Right Honourable the Earl Fitzwilliam. 
 The Right Honourable Earl de Grey. 
 Sir William Cayley, Bart. 
 Sir William Mordaunt Milner, Bart. 
 Sir Francis Lindley Wood, Bart. 
 Sir John Vanden Bempe Johnstone, Bart,, M.P. 
 William Joseph Denison, Esq., MP. 
 
 trustees. 
 
 Sir Thomas Charles Style, Bart. 
 Major-Gen. Sir F. W. Trench, K.C.H. 
 The Rev. George Walter Wrangham, M.A. 
 Digby Cayley. Esq. 
 Peter Murary, Esq., M.D. 
 William Travis, Esq., M.D. 
 Thomas Weddell, Esq. 
 Robert Tindall, Esq. 
 
SCARBRO* GUIDE. 41 
 
 William Duesbery Thornton Duesbery, Esq. 
 William Bottomley, Esq. 
 Thomas Pumell, E«q. 
 
 The Medical Gentlemen who have practised in the town, 
 not less than three years, and who are Annual Sub- 
 scribers of £1 and upwards. 
 
 treasurers. 
 
 Messrs. Woodall, Tindall, & Co. 
 
 1|onorarp Secretary. 
 Mr. John Cook. 
 
 ©ollcetor. 
 Mr. W. Wood. 
 
 A Managing Committee elected annually. 
 
 Adjoining this Infirmary, is a commodious room 
 occupied by the 
 
 HUMANE SOCIETY. 
 
 This Society was established at Scarborough in 1822, 
 It is supported by voluntary subscriptions, and has been 
 the means, under Providence, of rescuing many valuable 
 lives. The Receiving House on the beach for drowned 
 persons contains every apparatus and accommodation; 
 and a medical committee is always ready to render 
 
42 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 gratuitous assistance. The funds are chiefly expended 
 in rewarding the prompt and courageous exertions of those 
 who hazard their own lives in the noble effort to save 
 others ; and many striking instances of this kind have 
 occurred. Round the corner from this room, is 
 
 WEDDELL'S BATHS, 
 
 erected in 1812, and are supplied with the purest water 
 fresh pumped from the sea between the piers. They are 
 neatly fitted up with the requisite accommodation for 
 warm, cold, and shower baths. Between this part of the 
 beach and the western pier, is the entrance to East 
 Sand GATE, near the foot of which is 
 
 ST. THOMAS'S CHAPEL, 
 
 built in 1840 by private subscription, aided by a grant of 
 £300 from the Incorporated Society for building churches. 
 It is intended to supply the deficiency of accommoda- 
 tion in the parish church for the poorer inhabitants of 
 the town. It was opened for public worship on the 20th 
 of December, 1840 ; it will seat six hundred persons, and 
 luost of the sittings are free. 
 
 Retracing our steps by West Sandgate and Merchants* 
 Row, we arrive at Carr-street, at the top of which is 
 Newborough street, which we shall continue in the next 
 chapter. 
 
 /^^^^^^^^N 
 
CHAPTEE IV. 
 
 NEWBOROUGH STREET 
 
 s pleasantly situated, and every way capa- 
 ble of its purpose as a mart for business. 
 The buildings are neat and modern, mostly 
 fitted for shops, whose display is equal to 
 the Metropolis, and are supplied with every 
 article of home and foreign trade, suited to 
 the usefulness of the inhabitant or visitor 
 to Scarborough. When at the top of 
 Newbro '-street, without the bar, looking towards the 
 
44 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 sea, a splendid bird's eye view is presented of the 
 street as far as the dial — the castle hill — the sea — vesesls, 
 &c., and a variety of moving objeets; forming a beau- 
 tiful panoramic scene. 
 
 THE MARKET 
 
 is held on Thursdays and Saturdays (the former is the 
 principal market) in Newborough-street. It is abundant- 
 ly supplied with butchers' meat, poultry, fruit, vegetables, 
 &c. The situation of Scaiborough might seem unfavour- 
 able to the production of fine fruit ; an ample supply, 
 however, of superior quality is regularly furnished by 
 the gardeners of the town and neighbourhood. The 
 situation of the market is extremely inconvenient. A 
 good market-place is still a desideratum at Scarborough. 
 At no. 60, at the foot of Newborough-street, is 
 
 THE POST OFFICE. 
 
 It was removed by the present post-master fromMer- 
 chants'-row, where it had been situated for upwards of 
 half a century. The old situation had become very incon- 
 venient in consequence of the extension of the town 
 westwards. This inconvenience is entirely removed by 
 the present situation, which is most central and conve- 
 nient. For times of arrival and departure, see appendix. 
 
 THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTION 
 
 is situate in this street. Of the utility of these institutions 
 only one opinion can be entertained ; through their 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 45 
 
 means, men of every class are uniting their energies to 
 expand the mind and improve the morals of the labour- 
 ing classes of society. The institution at Scarborough 
 was established in 1830 ; it is in possession of a small 
 but respectable library. From Newbrough street, branch 
 off on one side. Queen-street, and St. Thomas'-street. 
 In Queen-street is situated the 
 
 WESLEY AN CHAPEL. 
 
 The foundation of this commodious structure was laid 
 in December, 1839, and the building was completed and 
 opened for public worship in September, 1840. It is 
 ninety-one feet long, by sixt) feet wide, and will seat 
 two thousand persons. The space beneath the chapel 
 is occupied with vestries, class-rooms, and apartments 
 for the chapel keeper. The cost of the building, inclu- 
 ding the purchase of the site, was upwards of £7000. 
 
 Between Queen street and Cross -street, at the back of 
 Newbrough-street, there was formerly a convent or priory 
 of the Carmelite friars. There is an ancient drawing 
 of the conventual church, in the British Museum, a copy 
 of which is in the Museum at Scarborough. It appears 
 to have been a small edifice with a square tower. 
 
 THE THEATRE, 
 
 is the only place of public amusement in the town, and 
 is situated in St. Thomas-street. The manager, Mr. 
 Samuel Roxby, displays great zeal and ability in con- 
 ducting the performances. 
 
46 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 At the top of Newbrough-street is the new bar. This 
 beautiful structure, is built in a castellated style, with 
 four towers over a gothic arch of large dimensions in 
 the centre, with a smaller one on each side for foot 
 passengers, and was erected so lecently as 1843. This 
 and the contiguous buildings built at the same time have 
 materially improved the appearance of this part of the 
 town. On the south side of Newbrough-street, branch off 
 King-street und St. Nicholas'-street, late Long room street. 
 The former is immediately opposite to Queen -street, and 
 the latter to St. Thomas'-street. 
 
 THE SAVINGS' BANK 
 
 is a neat stone-fronted building in King-street. It con- 
 tains offices for the transaction of business, and also a 
 good room in which the committees of difierent societies, 
 by permission of the trustees, meet to manage their affairs. 
 This institution was established in 1818, and the amount 
 at present invested is £60,000, belonging to nearly 2000 
 depositors. 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL AND GENERAL LIBRARY. 
 
 is on King street cliff, situated at the foot of King-street. 
 This institution originated in the year 1801, in a sub- 
 scription of the farmers in the neighbourhood wishing 
 to form an agricultural library. It was afterwards ex- 
 tended to works of a general description, and received 
 a proportionate extension of patronage and support. The 
 library consists of upwpvrds of 3,000 volumes. 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 47 
 
 THE NEWS ROOM 
 
 is a part of the same building as the above library. The 
 road continues along the cliff until it joins the end of 
 St. Nicholas' street. This street has been much im" 
 proved by the removal of a number of unsightly build- 
 ings by which the entrance from' Newbrough street 
 was inconveniently narrowed. It is now one of the 
 best thoroughfares in the town. At the end of this 
 street, next the cliff, a splendid mansion • has been 
 erected by J. Woodall, Esq. The prospect is highly plea- 
 sing, and corresponds well with the elaborate architec- 
 ture of the building. 
 
 THE TOWN HALL 
 
 is a very commodious building, situated in this street. 
 It is used for the holding of quarter sessions, and for 
 the transaction of all corporation business. The large 
 room is also frequently used by permission of the 
 mayor for delivery of lectures, and for holding the 
 public meetings of various societies in the town. From 
 St. Nicholas' street, the road is continued in a direct 
 line to 
 
 THE CLIFF. 
 
 The houses here have a handsome appearance, and in 
 beauty of situation, stands unrivalled. As lodging houses 
 they are commodious and elegant; and in the summer 
 
48 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 enjoy tlie most refreshing breezes from the sea. The ad 
 joining terrace in front, elevated near a hundred feet 
 above the sands, commands a variety of delightful pros- 
 pects. At the termination of the cliifF is the 
 
 CLIFF BRIDGE. 
 
 The operations for erecting a bridge from the terrace 
 to the opposite cliff, and opening an easy and delightful 
 communication with the Spa, commenced in the year 
 1826, On the 29th of November the first stone was 
 laid by E. H. Hebden, Esq., senior bailiff of Scarbrough, 
 and on the 19th of July following, this beautiful struc- 
 ture was finished and opened to the public. The total 
 length of the bridge is four hundred and fourteen feet ; 
 the width thirteen feet and a half ; and the height seven- 
 ty-five feet. The span of each iron arch is sixty-five 
 feet, and its rise in the centre eight feet. As a walk, 
 it is not only frequented during the season by a select 
 company, but presents a prospect singularly striking and 
 delightful. The bridge has been lately new floored and 
 materially improved. Its convenience is much increased 
 by the agreeable promenade walks conducting to 
 
 THE SPA. 
 
 The mineral waters of this celebrated spa have sup- 
 ported their fame upwards of two hundred years. By- 
 Dr. Wittie's account written in 1660, it appears that 
 their virtues were discovered by the following accidental 
 circumstance : — '' Mrs. Farrar, a sensible lady, who lived 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 49 
 
 at Scarborough about the year 1620, sometimes walked 
 along the shore, and observing the stones over which 
 the water passed to have received a russet colour, and 
 finding it to have an acid taste differing from the com- 
 mon springs, and to receive a purple tincture from galls, 
 thought it probably might have a medical property. Having 
 therefore made an experiment herself, and persuaded othert 
 to make the same, it was found to be efficacious in some 
 complaints, and became the usual physic of the inhabitants. 
 It was afterwards in great reputation with the citizens of 
 York, and the gentry of the county ; and at length was so 
 generally recommended, that several persons of quality 
 came from a great distance to drink it ; preferring it before 
 all the others they had formerly frequented, even the 
 Italian, French, and German Spas." 
 
 The waters have been frequently subjected to the process 
 of analysis, the last was taken by E,. Phillips, Esq., who 
 was engaged professionally for the purpose. The skill of 
 Professor Phillips is so well known, that there cannot be a 
 doubt of the perfect accuracy of his investigation. Accord- 
 ing to this analysis, the contents of a gallon are as 
 follow :— 
 
 JfOJlTH SPRING, SOUTH SPEINQ. 
 
 Azotic Gas 6.3 cubic inches. 7.5 
 
 Chloride of Sodium (Common Salt) .... 23.64 grains 29.63 
 
 Crystallized Sulphate of Magnesia 142.68 „ 325.33 
 
 Crystallized Sulphate of Lime 104.00 „ 110.73 
 
 Bicarbonate of Lime 48.26 „ 47.80 
 
 Bicarbonate of Prptoxide of Iron 1.84 „ 1.81 
 
 Temperature 49* with ver%' little variation. 
 
50 SCARBSO* GUIDE. 
 
 " The effects of these waters," says a recent writer, ** are 
 of a cooling and tranquilizing character, and are of appro- 
 priate efiicacy for patients labouring under acidity and 
 pain in the stomach" 
 
 The first cistern for collecting the waters was built in 
 1698. In the month of December, 1737, the staith of the 
 spa, composed of a large body of stone bound by timber, as 
 a fence against the sea, for the security of the house and 
 wells, in a most extraordinary manner gave way ; and a 
 great mass of the cliff, containing near an acre of pasture 
 land, with the cattle grazing upon it, sunk perpendicularly 
 several yards. As the ground sunk, the earth or sand 
 under the cliff rose on the north and south sides of the 
 staith out of its natural position, above one hundred yards 
 in length; and was in some places six, and in others seven 
 yards above the former level. The spa wells ascended with 
 the earth or sand, but as soon as the latter began to rise, 
 the water ceased running into the wells, and for a time seemed 
 to be lost. The ground thus risen was twenty six yards 
 broad ; and the staith, notwithstanding its immense weight, 
 (computed at two thousand four hundred and sixty-three 
 tons,) rose entire, twelve feet higher than its former 
 position, and was forced forward to the eea about twenty 
 yards. The springs of the miiieral waters were by diligent 
 search afterwards recovered; and the staith being re- 
 paired, the spa continued to maintain its merited reputa- 
 tion. This memorable occurrence is described in the 
 Philosophical Transactions as an earthquake. In 1836, 
 the coast was visited by a violent storm, which carried 
 
^^Jd 
 
SCARBp,0* GUIDE. 51 
 
 away the greater part of the staith in front of the old spa 
 house, and so seriously damaged the building, as to render 
 its removal unavoidable. The Cliff Bridge Company, in 
 whose hands the spa is now placed, immediately set about 
 restoring the damages thus sustained. A large portion of 
 the cliiF was excavated, and many, of those delightful 
 walks which now adorn this part of the spa promenade, 
 and add so materially to the health and enjoyment of the 
 visitors, were then laid out. Trees were planted in 
 favourable situations, which, as they attain increased 
 maturity, are annually improving this delightful spot.- 
 The boundaries of the staith and promenade were at the 
 same time extended; and the handsome turretted struc- 
 ture, called the New Spa, erected. This building com- 
 prises, besides the improved entrance to the spa wells, and 
 a variety of other conveniences, 
 
 THE SALOON 
 
 which consists of one principal room, seventy-five feet by 
 seventeen. This room is open to assemble and walk in to 
 the subscribers to the cliff bridge ; and since its erection, 
 has been employed as a ball-room, and for the show of the 
 Floral and Horticultural Society of Sca^rborough. From 
 the staith we obtain a view of the sands, and the con- 
 venience for 
 
 SEA BATHING. 
 
 " The situation of a place for sea bathing," says Dr. 
 
 Ilussel, in his letter to Dr. Friven on this subject, ** should 
 e2 
 
52 5CARBR0* GUIDE. 
 
 be clean and neat, at some distance from the opening of a 
 river, that the water may be as highly loaded with sea 
 salt, and the other riches of the ocean as possible, and not 
 weakened by the mixing of the fresh water with its 
 waves. In the next place one would choose the shore to 
 be sandy and flat, for the convenience of going into the 
 sea in a bathing chariot. And lastly, that the sea- shore 
 should be bounded by lively cliffs and downs, to add to the 
 cheerfulness of the place, and give to the person who has 
 bathed, an opportunity of mounting on horseback, airy 
 and clean, and pursuing such exercise as may be advised 
 by his physician, after he comes out of the bath," This 
 ■description so well pourtrays Scarborough and its environs. 
 that one might be led to suppose it was drawn upon the 
 spot. No part of the British coast can offer a situation 
 more convenient or delightful for the purpose of bathing. 
 The bay is spacious and open to the sea ; the waves in 
 general, are transparent as those in mid-ocean ; the sand, 
 clean, smooth, and even ; and the ijiclination of the beach 
 toward the sea scarcjely perceptible. No considerable river 
 dilutes the brine ; nor is the beech so extensive as to 
 become uncomfortably hot, even by the power of the 
 summer's sun. llie sea is many degrees cooler in the 
 month of August, than at Brighton, and possibly than at 
 Weymouth, or any place south of the Thames. Bathing 
 can be performed at all times of the tide, and in almost all 
 kinds of weather, with security and ease. The morning, 
 however, in general is the most convenient time for 
 bathing, as it leaves the rest of the day for other exercises 
 
8CARBR0* GUIDE. 53 
 
 and amusements. Returning by the same tract, from a 
 higher part of the walks, a little before reaching the 
 bridge, the road conducts to 
 
 THE SOUTH CLIFF. 
 
 On our ascent to this cliff, we pass on the left a singularly 
 formed structure, erected in a rusticated style, at an angl« 
 of the road, and fitted up in the most convenient manner 
 for its intended purpose as a 
 
 CAMERA OBSCURA. 
 
 The delight which the beholder feels when viewing the 
 Camera is extremely pleasing. Objects are brought from 
 the horizon to his immediate presence, and exhibited in a 
 pleasing picture, all animated with the action of life, and 
 creating the utmost suprise and wonder. It is open at any 
 hour of the day ; and the spirited proprietor has displayed 
 great taste and talent in executing and carrying out hi« 
 wished-for object, — to blend instruction with amusement. 
 Arrived at the top of the cliff, a scene of indescribable beauty 
 awaits us. A series of elaborately ornamented structures 
 are presented, of elegant houses recently erected, mostly 
 intended for lodging houses, and fitted up in a superb style. 
 The whole of these beautiful mansions form a crescent, 
 centred by a magnificent building, called the 
 
 CROWN HOTEL. 
 
 A great spirit of improvement manifested by the 
 
 inhabitants of Scarborough, and a desire to meet the wants 
 E 3 
 
54 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 of the increasing number of visitors, originated the splendid 
 edifices which have here been erected, and which speak well 
 for the enterprize and spirit displayed. The view from 
 these houses, and from the promenade in front, discloses a 
 scene of matchless grandeur. The boundless ocean, with 
 the distant and scarcely distinguishable objects flitting 
 upon its surface ; the amazing extent of craggy rocks 
 which overhang its shores ; the surge murmuring upon the 
 beach beneath ; the sands spread over with a galaxy of 
 beauty and animation; the town, rising in majestic form from 
 the crescent like bay ; the harbour, with its messengers of 
 commerce, and the mouldering remains of antiquity in the 
 distance, all conspire to elevate the mind, and to fill the 
 soul with the sublimest subjects for meditation. The cliff 
 is modernly designated ** New Scarborough ;'* on the 
 surface are neat gravelled walks and drives, and pleasant 
 seats. At the foot of the descent from this elevation, on 
 the opposite side of the road, conducting from the town to 
 the sands, is 
 
 THE MUSEUM. 
 
 This institution originated with the members of the 
 Philosophical Society, and was erected in the year 1828» 
 As this coast possesses such great facilities for the study of 
 Natural History, it is a matter of suprise, that a Museum 
 had not been formed at an earlier period. Efforts were 
 i ndeed made, but it was not until about the year 1826, that 
 a combination of circumstances seemed to open the way, and 
 convinced the lovers of science that the time was come 
 
8CARBR0* GUIDE. 55 
 
 when a permament building must be erected, in which the 
 rich stores of the past and present world, that were scattered 
 around us could be safely lodged. The munificent offer 
 of T. Duesbery, Esq. to give the valuable collection of th« 
 venerable historian of Scarborough, (T. Hinderwell, Esq,, 
 on condition that a building should be raised, gave additional 
 force to the arguments which had been before employed. 
 With an energy and promptness which will not soon be 
 foi gotten by those who witnessed it, Sir J. V. B. Johnstone, 
 of Hackness, took up the subject ; and in connection with 
 J. Dunn Esq. and others, determined upon the erection of 
 a building, which is now one of the most beautiful objects, 
 and certainly connected with one of the most valuable in- 
 stitutions, in Scarborough. The Museum is a Rotunda of 
 the Roman Doric order, thirty seven feet six inches, in 
 external diameter, and fifty feet high. The basement con- 
 tains, pro temporey the library, the keeper's room, and 
 laboratory. When sufficient funds are obtained, it is pro- 
 posed to add wings, radiating from the central building 
 which will then be entirely used as a museum. The prin- 
 cipal room is thirty-five feet high, and is lighted from a 
 dome. It is not compatible with the design of this sketch, 
 to detail the several points of beauty, which a mind fami- 
 liar with architectural designs will easily discover; yet 
 there are some parts so exquisitely beautiful, that it would 
 be improper to pass them over. The cornice, which sur- 
 rounds the building, has scarcely an equal ; and is, we are 
 
 >ii formed, taken from the Theatre Marcellus at Rome. 
 E 4 
 
50 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 The windows, designed mare for the admission of air than 
 light, are also taken from the Gk>d Eiducolo at Rome. The 
 staircase to the gallery, if we are not mistaken, is similar 
 to the one in the library at the Chapter-house at York 
 MitLster, the model of both, we believe, from the same 
 Temple. The Society is indebted to R. H. Sharpe, Esq. , 
 architect, of York, for the very chaste and classical design; 
 avid although crippled in his plans by the limited resources 
 of the society, yet the design has called forth the approba" 
 Hon of many distinguished visitors, and will certainly hand 
 down his name to posterity with honour. The circular 
 plan of the building was suggested by W. Smith, Esq., 
 the justly celebrated geologist, as being more capable of 
 exhibiting in one simple and intelligible form, the stratifi- 
 cation of the rocks of Great Britain, than could be obtained 
 by «ny other metliod ; and by placing the fossils on sloping 
 shelves, according to their stratagraphical order, the study 
 of the once intricate science of geology would be reduced 
 to the greatest degree of simplicity ; and the coloured 
 sketch (in front of the gallery) of the actual stratification 
 of the coast, from the Humber to the Tees, forms an 
 appropriate index to the geological productions of the 
 district. The cost of the building was £1300, exclusive 
 of furnishing, purchasing and preparation of specimens, 
 &c. The museum is supjwrted by annual subscriptions 
 and contributions from the visitors ; and certainly there 
 is no object in Scarborough which presents such attrac- 
 tions to an intelligent and well regulated mind, as this 
 depository, containing select specimens of recent subjects 
 
SCABBRO* GUIDE. 57 
 
 of Natural History, as well as the relics of past ages. 
 It is scarcely possible, indeed, to examine those various 
 evidences of former days, without having the mind in- 
 sensibly filled with the strongest impression of the inef- 
 fable wisdom and unlimited power of the Creator. On 
 the brow of the cliff above the museum is a row of 
 elegant mansions, the exterior of which is extremely neat and 
 beautiful ; they were built by Mr. Barry, and are chiefly 
 intended for visitants. Leaving the museum, before us 
 is the walk leading to the cliff and terrace, along which 
 we proceed. On a part of the cliff, situated to the north 
 of the cliff-bridge, and still called St. Nicholas' Cliff, 
 was formerly situated 
 
 ST. NICHOLAS' HOSPITAL AND CHURCH. 
 
 This hospital appears, by an inquisition taken in the 
 twenty-sixth year of Edward I., to have been of great 
 antiquity and had been founded by the burgesses of 
 Scarborough. The church belonging to it was erected 
 so early as the reign of Henry II. There are now no 
 vestiges of it to be discovered, as the land has, in the 
 course of ages, considerably wasted away. In the year 
 1786, the entire skeleton of a human body of large 
 stature was foimd in the cliffy the teeth in the skull were 
 regular and in great preservation. Several human bones 
 in a regular position, were also discovered on levelling 
 the terrace, in the year 1791 ; and a copper plate ap- 
 pertaining to a tomb-stone, was also found in the year 
 
58 SCARlJPwO' GUIDE. 
 
 1810. The inscription on tliis plate has been thus tran- 
 scribed; Pater William de Thornton* A tomb- 
 stone was also found in the cliff some years since, with- 
 out any inscription, there was the form of the cross, with 
 the chalice on one side, and the pix on the other, in 
 the rudest sculpture. At the head of the cliff are sit- 
 uated shops for the sale of natural curiosities found . in 
 the neighbourhood. Most of these are in beautiful con- 
 dition, and many of them are extremely interesting. We 
 take our departure from the cliff and terrace by the road 
 on our left. Nearly adjoining the cliff, at the entrance 
 of this road, is 
 
 TRAVIS'S BATHS. 
 
 This establishment was first opened in 1798. In 1822 
 it was rebuilt, and the interior fitted up with every 
 attention to comfort and elegance. The baths are of 
 wood and marble, and are adapted either for plunging 
 sitting, or the recumbent position. They are supplied 
 every tide with the purest sea water, and admit of every 
 variety of temperature. Rooms are also fitted up for 
 steam and vapour baths. A little further to the left is 
 the entrance to Huntriss'-row, a very neat genteel 
 fc.reet, in which are many agreeable and commodious 
 lodging-houses. The top of this street is very little re- 
 
 * Vide Hinderwell's History, 3rd edition, for a copy of the 
 original. Father William of Thornton appears, frem Charlton's 
 History of Whitby, to have been a subscribing witness to a 
 charter, in the yeai- 1120. 
 
SCAKBKO' GUIDE. 59 
 
 moved from the new bar, at the beginning of Newboro* 
 street. Still further on the road, is 
 
 CHAMPLEY'S BATHS. 
 
 Theso baths are of modern structure and liave a com- 
 manding situation. They possess the usual accommoda- 
 tions of these establishments, with what many will con- 
 ceive an additional advantage, one suite of rooms for 
 ladies, and another for gentlemen. Nearly opposite, are 
 
 HARLAND'S BATHS. 
 
 The situation of these baths combine, as much as 
 possible, privacy with convenience. One of the baths has 
 been fitted up for bathing in a sitting position. Contingent 
 to the original building, is a little structure containing a 
 plunge bath, intended chiefly for those, who from various 
 causes, are prevented from bathing in the sea. These 
 baths are constantly supplied with the purest sea water. 
 The only establishment in the town of this kind, not 
 already named in this work, is Yickerman's Baths, 
 erected in 1829, and adjoining the Marine houses, situated 
 on the beach. From their contiguity to the sea, they are 
 readily supplied with water, and possess similar accommo- 
 dations with the other establishments of the kind. The 
 path we are pursuing terminates in the public entrance 
 into the town, from the Burlington road and the sands. 
 I^early opposite its termination, is the entrance leading to 
 
60 8CABBR0' GUIDE. 
 
 THE CRESCENT. 
 
 These elegant houses have been built rather more than 
 t\yelve years. They are so situated as to command an 
 extensive view of the sea , the south cliff, and the adjacent 
 country. There is convenient access from them to several 
 delightful walks, which are situated in their immediate 
 neighbourhood. Pursuing the public road from the sands, 
 we arrive at Vebnon-place, in which is erected 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH. 
 
 The bleak exposed situation of St. Mary's Church, and 
 the insufficiency of accommodation for the increasing popu- 
 lation of the parish of Scarborough, having long been 
 experienced, a petition for a new church to be built was sub- 
 mitted early in 1821, to the commissioners appointed by 
 parliament for building churches, with the offer that the 
 inhabitants would provide a suitable site ; but from the late- 
 ness of the application, and the engagements already formed 
 by the board with other places, the consideration of the 
 subject, at that time, was necessarily postponed. The com- 
 missioners having received a further grant from parliament, 
 a renewed application was made in March, 1824 ; and after 
 much discussion, it was at length agreed, that on a site 
 being provided, and a contribution remitted of £2,000, the 
 board would undertake to erect such a church as should be 
 by them thought expedient. These arangements having been 
 concluded, the sum required for the site, and contributary 
 aid were forthwith raised by subscription and remitted to the 
 
SCARRRO' GUIDE. gj 
 
 board. On the 16th of October, 1826, the foundation stone 
 was laid by the Rev. J. Kirk, M. A., the late vicar, in the 
 presence of the bailiffs and a vast concourse of the visitants 
 and inhabitants ; and on the 23rd of August, 1828, the 
 church being completed, was consecrated for divine service 
 by the Archbishop of York, attended by Archdeacon Wrang- 
 ham, the Rev. M. H. Miller, vicar, and several of the 
 neighbouring clergy. The-style of this edifice is Gothic, of 
 the thirteenth century. The outside is faced with beautiful 
 freestone, presented by Sir J. V. B. Johnstone, Bart., 
 from the Hackness quarry. The interior dimensions are 
 eighty-feet in length, and fifty feet in breadth ; the height 
 of the nave, or centre ceiling, is forty feet ; the tower is six- 
 teen feet square within, and the total height from the ground 
 to the top of the pinnacles, is one hundred and sixteen 
 feet. The accomodation is calculated for thirteen hundred 
 persons ; one half in pews, and the remainder in free benches 
 including an upper gallery at the west end for the 
 children of the charity schools. The east window, which 
 consists of five narrow lancet-shaped compartments, has, 
 stained glass transparencies of the Royal Arms in the centre 
 the arms of the borough, and those of the Archbishop of 
 York on the sides ; and those of Sir J. V. B. Johnstone, 
 Bart., beneath. The total expense of the building and site 
 amounted to upwards of £7,000 In 1843 a peel of three 
 bells and a clock with four dials were added to this structure, 
 by donations and voluntary subscription. The vicar of St. 
 Mary's is the patron, and the Rev. Robert Howard is the 
 first and present incumbent minister. The only endow- 
 
62 BCARBIIO' GUIDE. 
 
 ment is the rental of the pews. Adjoining this church, is 
 
 THE ODD-FELLOWS' HALL. 
 
 This hall was erected in the year 1840, hy the order of 
 Odd-Fellows in Scarborough. It is seventy-three feet 
 long, by thirty feet and a half wide, and sixty feet high. 
 It is built in the Grecian style of architecture, after a plan 
 provided by their own body. In front, are two fluted 
 Doric columns, and above these two others of the Ionic 
 order, supporting the middle cornice. A shield is placed 
 near the top, with part of the emblems used by the order 
 in basso relievo ; and beneath is the motto, " Amicitia, 
 Amor, et Veritas." The interior consists of two 
 stories, the upper intended for public occasions, contains 
 a large assembly room, the dimensions of which are fifty- 
 eight feet in length, by twenty-seven in breadth. Besides 
 this room, there is also a retiring room at one end of 
 much smaller dimensions. The lower story contains 
 rooms for a resident keeper, and a large cooking kitchen 
 adapted to public festivities, for which purpose ic is 
 occasionally let. Turning the corner of the street to our 
 right, we again find ourselves at the nev/ bar, situated at 
 the top of Newborough-street. A little removed to the 
 back of this street, near the bar, is Waterhouse-lanb, 
 at the upper part of which is situate 
 
 ST. THOMAS' HOSPITAL. 
 In the reign of Henry II ., Hugh^de Bulmere gave lands 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 63 
 
 at Scarborough towards the founding of an hospital for 
 poor men and women in this town, to the honour of St. 
 Thomas the Martyr. This hospital was finished and 
 endowed by the Burgesses of Scarborough, and is still under 
 the direction of the corporation. It is a poor low building, 
 consisting of a range of small apartments appropriated 
 to the use of aged and infirm persons. The ancient custom 
 of ringing a bell at six o'clock every morning and evening 
 is preserved. This was originally a summons to prayer : 
 but the devotional part is now disused. The workhouse 
 yard and contiguous gardens are part of the premises 
 belonging to the hospital : and the grounds adjacent were 
 formerly the burial ground of 
 
 ST. THOMAS' CHURCH. 
 
 At the time of Leland's Itinerary (1538), this edifice 
 is noticed as " a great chapelle by the side of Newborow 
 Gate *' and appears to have been used until its demolition, 
 as a chapel of ease to the parish church, for the corporation 
 records shew that /owr churchwardens were, during those 
 times, annually elected ; and the repairs of St Thomas* 
 Church in 1642, were aflected by an assessment on the whole 
 parish. During the siege of the Castle in 1 645, this church was 
 converted into a magazine by Sir John Meldrum, the com- 
 mander of the parliamentary forces, and was much injured 
 by the firing from the garrison. In the subsequent siege 
 in 1348, it is stated in the church brief, that it was •* by 
 the violence of the ordnance quite ruined and battered 
 down." Such was the actual state of its dclapidation, 
 
64 
 
 SCABBRO* GUIDE. 
 
 that on the 6th of February, 1649, it was ordered by the 
 bailiffs and burgesses, ** that upon consideration that part 
 of St. Thomas' church is already fallen, and the rest ready 
 to fall ; and as much of the timber and slate are stolen 
 away by evil disposed persons ; for prevention therefore of 
 any further embezzlement, that the said church be taken 
 down, and the materials thereof be sold to the best ad^'an- 
 tage, and the monies arising therefrom be employed ia. th« 
 repairs of St. Mary's church." 
 
 SAINT MARY'S CHURCH. 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 65 
 
 '^m^ 
 
 CHAPTEE V. 
 
 WALKS. 
 
 HE neighbourhood of Scar- 
 borough is " rich and rare," 
 in nature's beauties and 
 remains of former days. The 
 high woodland and the mossy 
 dell — the green sward and the 
 sandy plain, present pleasing 
 yariety. The sands are 
 remarkable for being hard and dry, whereon are many 
 
66 SCARBRO* GUIDE. 
 
 delightful walks, and from whence is exhibited numerous 
 animated and picturesque beauties, but none create a more 
 pleasing reverie, 
 
 " Than the massive crag and mountain tower, 
 Which charm the fancy's waking hour, 
 And cliff so rudely piled." 
 The first walk of notice along the beach, is to choose a 
 proper time of tide, and visit 
 
 CAKNELIAN BAY, 
 
 situated rather better than two miles from the spa. It is 
 a favourite retreat of those who interest themselves in the 
 collection of pebbles and curiosities of that kind ; many of 
 whom in the height of the season, are to be found with 
 their little baskets industriously occupied with this health 
 promoting employment. The stones most abundant are 
 moss-agates, carnelian, and jaspers. The visitor may 
 either retrace his step by the shore, or ascend the cliff 
 and return along the Burlington road. A most delightful 
 and much frec^uented walk, is 
 
 THE PLANTATION. 
 
 The entrance to this shaded retreat is a little to the 
 west of the museum and cliff-bridge. The path is con- 
 tinued from the entrance along a natural arbour until 
 it reaches an ample sheet of water around which it is 
 continued. At this point of the road is a mill and cottage, 
 embossed in the graceful foliage of the trees. The walk 
 from the plantation is continued through an adjoining 
 meadow to the bleach-house, and enters the high road. 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 67 
 
 which is continued, on the left, to the Burlington road. 
 On the right it conducts to the road leading from Fals- 
 grave to Seamer. Taking the direction to the right on the 
 Seamer road, we arrive at the delightful village of 
 
 FALSGEAVE. 
 
 This is one of the most ancient villages in the neigh- 
 bourhood. It is named in Doomsday Book under the 
 title of Walsgriff. Some of the houses have gardens 
 tastefully disposed in front ; and much improvement has 
 taken place here within the last few years, by the erection 
 of elegant dwellings. There is a public garden in this 
 village which abounds wiih delicious fruit when in season. 
 From some parts of the garden good viev/s are obtained of 
 the castle and surrounding country. 
 
 FALSGRAVE WALK 
 
 extends from the village to Scarborough, a distance of 
 about a mile, and is greatly beautified with villas, with 
 ornamental gardens in front. A line of handsome houses, 
 lately erected, on the opposite side is 
 
 WESTFIELD TEHRACE. 
 
 The road has also lately been widened, and in other 
 respects considerably improved. Midway of Falsgrave- 
 walk, about a quarter of a mile from the town, is 
 
 THE RAILWAY STATION. 
 
 It is built of stone in the Grecian style. The neatness 
 
 F 2 
 
68 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 of the exterior, and the compactness of the interior of the 
 station is uniform in the extreme. Nothing can be more 
 pleasing to the care-worn man of business, than a "run 
 down to Scarborough by rail.'* The line is cut through a 
 highly cultivated country, which tends to invigorate and 
 freshen the mind. When at Falsgrave may be seen a 
 singular elevation to the south, one of the most remarkable 
 objects in the neighbourhood, — 
 
 OLIVER'S MOUNT. 
 
 The ancient name is Weaponess^ being a compound of 
 weapon^ a place of defence, and ness^ a point of land. 
 It obtained the present name by the supposition that 
 Cromwell erected batteries here against the castle, during 
 the time of the parliamentary civil wars. There formerly 
 was a battery on the cliff below called Bamsdale Mount, 
 which may have given rise to such surmise being at Oliver's 
 Mount. The prospects from this height is most charming. 
 It is near 600 feet above the level of the sea, bounded by 
 bill and dale, and a scene of magnificence is presented 
 therefrom. It is the admiration of all who visit it ; and 
 has been spoken of as one of the finest terraces in England, 
 from whence may be pictured beauty and splendour. 
 Upon leaving the mount, the visitor, if he choose, can 
 take the road to the west, where a path is observed leading 
 to the 
 
 TEA GARDENS, 
 
 which are beautifully laid out, and have become a favourite 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 69 
 
 retreat. Every requsite for rural enjoyment and pic nie 
 parties are amply provided, and the views are diversified 
 and pleasing. At the foot of the hill, is 
 
 THE MERE. 
 
 A fine sheet of water, abounding with pike perch, and 
 eels ; and in proper season affords good sport to the 
 angler. It is in the hands of the corporation, who will 
 generally grant permission to respectable parties, who 
 wish to fish there. The visitor may return by the 
 Seamer-lane, either through Falsgrave or the Plantation ; 
 or he may pursue the way along the side of a hill which 
 conducts him into the Burlington-road, near the site of 
 a Tumulus, which was opened in 1835. On the north 
 side of the town, the visitor will find a retired and rustic 
 spot in the opening of a valley, 
 
 SCALBY MILL. 
 
 This rustic place is frequented by all parties. The shade 
 
 is most inviting, and many wished for objects concentrated 
 
 in one view are here to be realized. The broad expanse 
 
 of ocean — the noble ruins — the pleasant sands — the shady 
 
 bowers, — and the romantic ideas, created by the sound of 
 
 the water-mill, fill the mind with delight ; and the tea 
 
 and cakes supplied by mine host, serve to heighten the 
 
 enjoyment, which all must feel on visiting this beautiful 
 
 place. The most agreeable manner of visiting Salby 
 
 Mill is, to take a boat from the south sands, sailing round 
 F 3 
 
70 SCARERO* GUIDE, 
 
 the castle rock, and returning on the north sands, or by 
 the Whitby road. 
 
 Many rural and retired spots are in the vicinity of 
 Scarborough, which are more or less gifted with a view o^ 
 the mighty deep. Not more than a mile distant from the 
 town, in a wild and beautiful valley down the Whitby 
 Road, is 
 
 WILSON'S WOOD, 
 
 belonging to John Woodall, Esq. The " cool shade and 
 mossy dell " here displayed is very delightful : and the 
 saunterers may ruralize 
 
 " And stay to look and and linger 
 When through fragrant woodland's stroUiDg," 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 71 
 
 CHAPTEE VI. 
 
 RIDES. 
 
 HE vicinity of Scarborough contains 
 
 much to interest those who seek to 
 
 extend their rambles beyond the 
 
 limits of pedestrian exercise. We 
 
 shall briefly describe under the above 
 
 head, some rather more distant 
 
 scenes than we have yet noticed. A 
 
 most delightful ride is to the village of Hackness, the seat 
 F 4 
 
 mmm 
 
72 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 of Sir J. V. B. Johnstone, Bart.,M. P. for the borough 
 
 of Scarborough. The road to this village may be taken 
 along the road leading to Malton and York, as far as 
 the Tillage of 
 
 EAST AND WEST AYTON. 
 
 These pleasantly situated villages are rather more than 
 four miles from Scarborough. They are built on the 
 opposite banks of the river Derwent, which is crossed by a 
 modern built stone bridge. On a rising ground, a little 
 removed from the village of West Ay ton, is the ruins of a 
 tower which formed part of the fortified residence of the 
 Evers family. The Derwent, which rises in the high 
 moors, a few miles above Hackness, and flows through 
 the valley of Hackness, here becomes a considerable 
 stream. Fisliing in this beautiful river, (which abounds 
 with trout,) was formerly free, but within the last few 
 years an Angler's Club has been formed for the pre- 
 servation of the fish. Visitors who desire, may obtain 
 tickets entitling them to fish in the river, under certain 
 restrictions, binding upon the members of the club, by 
 application to the secretary, Mr. Cooper, Ayton; or to 
 Mr. Westlake, Scarborough. The road from Ayton lays 
 along a number of most delightful valleys which succes- 
 sively open into one another. These valleys, inclosed 
 between lofty hills, rising in some places almost perpen- 
 dicularly and crowned with pendant woods, are profusely 
 spread over with the most splendid rural scenery 
 imaginable. 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 73 
 
 HACKNESS 
 
 is a most delightful village, situated in a beautiful valley, 
 and surrounded by lofty hills. The church is a very 
 ancient structure with a handsome spire. It contains a 
 monument to the Lady Hilda, the foundress of Whitby 
 Abbey, who retired to a cell founded here to spend the 
 evening of her days. There is also a handsome monu- 
 ment by Chantry, erected by G. Johnstone, Esq., to the 
 memory of his amiable lady, the sister of the present 
 proprietor of Hackness. The mansion is of modern date* 
 It was erected by the late Sir Richard Johnstone, father 
 of the present Baronet, by whom it has been recently 
 enlarged. Considerabe improvements have also been 
 made in the gardens and pleasure grounds, which are laid 
 out with exquisite taste. The greenhouse is well stocked 
 with exotic plants and flowers. With most laudable 
 liberality the present proprietor allows access to respect- 
 able visitors, numbers of whom annually resort thither. 
 The visitor may return by way of Scalby. After pro- 
 ceeding a little distance on the summit of the hill which 
 he ascends in lelaving Hackness, he begins to descend 
 Harebrow. From this point of the road a most delight- 
 ful view is obtained of the ocean, of the town and castle 
 of Scarborough, and of a large and pleasingly disposed 
 extent of sylvan scenery, with the picturesque village of 
 
 SCALBY 
 beneath him. This village is named in Doomsday Book. 
 
74 SCARBILO' GUIDE. 
 
 The church is an ancient structure, erected near the Hack- 
 ness road. It is a vicarage, in the gift of the Dean and 
 Chapter of Norwich, of the yearly value of £327. The 
 present vicar is the Rev. J. Sedgwick, M.A. The small 
 building adjoining the church is the school-room, erected 
 by the Hev. C. A. Thurlow. A somewhat distant ride is 
 to Robin Hood's Bay, situated about thirteen miles from 
 Scarborough. The road, which is to the north, passes 
 through the villages of Burniston and Cloughton. The 
 former is not distinguished for any thing calling for par- 
 ticular notice. Near the latter, is a quantity of ruins, 
 supposed to be the remains of a British village, and a 
 quarry of excellent freestone from which the material for 
 building the castle was obtained. Belvoir-terrace, forming 
 part of the Crescent buildings, was also bnilt with stone 
 from this quarry, and also the New Station. 
 
 HAYBURN WYKE, 
 
 a most romantic valley, is situated a mile and a half 
 beyond the last-named village. It presents to the eye of 
 the traveller a most pleasing prospect of rural scenery. 
 Considerable skill has been employed in the improvement 
 of this most delightful retreat. Forest walks are laid out, 
 and at convenient distances is placed the rustic temple and 
 the inviting bower. It must be visited to ^be fully ap- 
 preciated. 
 
 STAINTON DALE. 
 
 is the next locality of interest through which the road 
 
SCASBRO' GUIDE. 75 
 
 passes. It is situated seven miles and a half from Scar- 
 borough. ** It is chiefly remarkable as having been given 
 by King Stephen to the Knights Hospitallers of St. John 
 of Jerusalem, who had also an establishment at Scarborough 
 Their institution here was annexed to the commandery of 
 the Holy Trinity of Beverley ; which, like the other com- 
 manderies, or convents, of these Knights, was subject to 
 the grand Prior of the Order in London. The Hospital 
 of the Knights, in Stainton Dale, was at a house called 
 the Old Hall, near which they had a chantry, at a place 
 called the Old Chapel. An adjoining eminence is named 
 Bell Hill, being a place where the Knights or servants were 
 wont to ring a bell and blow a horn every evening, at twi- 
 light, to direct travellers and strangers to their hospitable 
 mansion." 
 
 The Peak and Stoupe Brow, situated beyond this 
 vale, are the sites of extensive Alum works, the operations 
 of which have been for some time suspended. Stoupe- 
 brow is elevated nearly 900 feet above the level of the sea; 
 and prQsents a prospect imposing and awfully grand. The 
 road descends from this lofty eminence to the sands ; but 
 these can only be crossed when the tide is low, to 
 
 HOBIN HOOD'S BAY. 
 
 This is a small fishing village, remarkable for its gro- 
 tesque and romantic appearance. The cottages of the 
 fishermen, situated in the clifi's, have a singularly wild 
 appearance. It is only by a plank-bridge, thrown over 
 the wasted parts of the rock, that a communication is 
 
76 SCARBBO' GUIDE. 
 
 maintained, in some parts, between the different streets. 
 About twenty years ago, several houses in this part were 
 abandoned, because of their dangeiious situation, and were 
 some time after washed down by the waves. The distance 
 from this place to Whitby is not more than six miles. 
 The most convenient way of returning to Scarborough, 
 will be by taking the valley, which conducts to the high 
 road from Whitby. Another delightful ride is along the 
 base of the Wold Hills. The road to be pursued turns 
 suddenly to the left from the vilUage of Falsgrave, and is 
 continued about four miles to 
 
 SEAMER. 
 
 This is an ancient village, and was for a long time the 
 seat of a weekly market. Continued litigation on the part 
 of the burgesses of Scarborough, who complained of the 
 injury their trade sustained by it, led to its suppression in 
 the reign of James I. An annual fair of some note in the 
 neighbourhood, is still held. Seamer formerly belonged to 
 the Percy family, but in 1790, it was sold by the Duke of 
 Leeds to Joseph Denison, Esq.,"the father of J. W. Deni- 
 son, Esq., the present proprietor. The Manor-house, near 
 the church, is at present a heap of ruins. The church, 
 which is without a tower, contains some good monuments, 
 particularly those to the memory of Mrs. Beaumont, the 
 vnfe of a former vicar ; but there is nothing remarkable in 
 its architecture. The road is continued for some distance 
 along the valley, until it reaches the foot of the Wold hills. 
 Several villages are planted along the valley at short dis- 
 
SCARBRO* GUIDE. 7 7 
 
 tances from each other, and the York and Scarborough 
 Railway passes through it. Along the road, the traveller 
 has, on his right, a beautiful view across a low part of the 
 country called the Carrs; and by ascending any of the 
 roads on the left, which conduct to the top of the hill, this 
 view becomes considerably extended. A few miles from 
 Seamer, is the seat of Sir T. Legard, Bart., at 
 
 GANTON. 
 
 The Hall, which is surrounded with aged trees, and sit- 
 uated in an opening of the hills, is not visible from the 
 road. The spire of the church, however, may be seen 
 towering above the foliage of the pleasure grounds. Two 
 
 miles farther, is 
 
 SHERBURN, 
 
 a large village, pleasantly situated in the midst of a fer- 
 tile district. From this village, the road may be taken 
 across the Carrs, to 
 
 BROMPTON, 
 
 the seat of Sir G. Cayley, Bart., whose mansion is situate 
 on the brow of the hill, at the western part of the village. 
 On thetop of an eminence, called ''castle hill," are the found- 
 ations of extensive ruins, supposed to be the remains of the 
 residence of some of the Northumbrian kings, who are re- 
 ported to have resided here. The church, erected near the 
 mansion, is a neat building, and contains several mon- 
 laments to the Cayley family. The next village at which 
 we arrive, is 
 
78 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 Y/YKEHAM, 
 
 situated a mile nearer to Scarborough.. Near tlie entrance 
 to this village, is a ruin, supposed to be the remains of an 
 ancient chapel, dedicated to St Helen. A small part of the 
 ruins of an ancient Abbey are at a short distance from the 
 Tillage. This abbey was founded and endowed for the 
 Nuns of the Cistercian order, about the year 1153, by P. 
 Fitzosbert de Wycham. Near the site of this ruin, is the 
 elegant mansion of the Hon. Marmaduke Langley, desig- 
 nated Wykeham Abbey. To the left, a little removed 
 from the road leading from this village, is 
 
 HUTTON-BUSCEL, 
 
 pleasently situated on the side of a hill, and extends in 
 a direction parallel with the road to Scarborough. Since 
 the estate passed into the hands of the Hon. Marmaduke 
 Langley, several neat cottages have been erected in the 
 tillage, and other improvements effected. The road to Scar- 
 borough is continued through East and "West Ayton and 
 Falsgrave. We next proceed to the west. At a distance 
 of eighteen miles in this direction, is 
 
 PICKERING, 
 
 in the road to Kirby Moor-side and Duncombe Park. It is 
 eighteen miles distant from Scarborough, and was form- 
 erly the chief to-vvn of the district, and sent two members 
 to Parliament. The castle is on the north side of the town 
 in a pleasant and elevated situation on the verge of a lime- 
 
SCARBRO* GUIDE. 79 
 
 stone rock. On a lofty circular mound near the centre of 
 the area has stood the keep^ of which some shapeless frag- 
 ments only remain. The walls are flanked with towers, 
 excellently built, and their upper stories are neatly orna- 
 mented The Saxon arch in the westren wall, is an in- 
 teresting object, and from the height of the ruins, a charm- 
 ing view is obtained of the vale of Pickering celebrated for 
 its fertility. A branch of rhe York and Scarborough Rail- 
 way passes through Pickering to Whitby. Pickering is 
 well worthy the attention of strangers and a pleasant ex- 
 cursion may be made from thence to 
 
 WHITBY, 
 
 a town of great antiquity, and where ship-building is car- 
 ried on to a considerable extent. 
 
 KIRBY MOOR-SIDE 
 
 is a market town, situated near the river Rye. It was 
 originally called Klrkhy^ and received the additional epi 
 thet Mqpr-side, from its situation on the side of Blackmoor. 
 It is distant from Scarborough about twenty-six miles. 
 Kirby Moor-side and Helmsley (including Buncombe 
 Park) were part of the extensive possessions of Yilliers, 
 Duke of Buckingham. On the road from Kirby Moor-side 
 to Helmsley, and Duncombe Park, is the celebrated 
 
 KIRKDALE CAYERN. 
 
 At a short distance from this cave, is Kirkdale Churchy 
 
80 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 -. situate in a fine romantic valley, and celebrated for a. dial, 
 bearing a very ancient inscription, at a date, before the 
 Norman Conquest. The visitor may next visit 
 
 HELMSLEY, 
 
 the property of Lord Feversham. It is an ancient market 
 town, in a sleasant situation, on the banks of the river Rye, 
 six miles from Kirby Moor-side. The cultivated part of 
 the country contiguous to it, is fertile, and abounds with 
 venerable woods ; but, at a distance, the barren moors 
 appear in view. The remains of the castle are grand and 
 imposing, consisting of a lofty tower ; and some other 
 detached broken parts, with a noble gateway, situated upon 
 an eminence, surrounded with a double moat. The tower 
 in conjunction with the rich woodland scenery around, 
 forms a prominent and most interesting object from the 
 exquisite terrace belonging to Buncombe Park. 
 
 mVAULX ABBEY 
 
 is a stately vestige of antiquity, situated in a pleasant vale 
 about three miles from Duncombe Park. The vestiges 
 yet standing, are noble, and prove the abbey to have been 
 of great extent. The situation is not to be surpassed in 
 picturesque beauty. At a little distance from the ruins 
 are the gardener's apartments, whence there is a steep and 
 winding path ascending to a charming terrace, which 
 overlooks the whole, and commands the most beautiful and 
 diversified prospects. At one end is an elegant pavilion 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. §1 
 
 ornamented with paintings ; at the other a handsome 
 circular temple, whence appears an extensive valley, richly 
 adorned with wood and water. The north side of the 
 terrace is defended by a thick plantation of firs, and the 
 slopes are covered with a variety of trees and shrubs. 
 Indeed the scenery is beyond description fascinating. 
 
 DUNOOMBE PARK, 
 
 the seat of Lord Fever sham, is about two miles from 
 
 Helmsley. The house is a fine building, designed by Sir 
 
 John Vanburgh. In the hail, a noble room, sixty feet 
 
 long and forty wide, surrounded with fourteen large 
 
 Corinthian pillars of stone, is that invaluable piece of 
 
 sculpture, the Dog of Alcibiades, the performance of the 
 
 celebrated Myron, and the famous statue of theDiscobulus, 
 
 which is esteemed the first statue in England. "We must 
 
 not fail to notice to the traveller, that Byland Abbey, an 
 
 interesting ruin is only about four miles from Kivaulx 
 
 Abbey. 
 
 CASTLE-HOWARD, 
 
 the seat of the Earl of Carlisle, six miles to the west of 
 
 Malton, is also worthy of notice. It is situated and stands 
 
 upon a beautiful eminence in view of the York road, and 
 
 is esteemed one of the noblest mansions in this country. 
 
 We next proceed to the south ; at a distance of eight miles 
 
 in this direction, is 
 
 FILEY. 
 
 This improving place, a short time ago, was little more 
 Itlian a fishing village^ it has now obtained some celebritj 
 
82 SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 as a watering place. It stands elevated upon the banks 
 and nearly in the centre of a beautiful and spacious bay • 
 the sands of which are remarkably smooth and firm, and 
 extend for a distance of upwards of three miles along the 
 coast. There are proper conveniences on the shore for 
 bathing in the open sea, and baths have also been erected 
 upon the beach and in the town. The bay is terminated 
 on the south by the stupendous promontory of Flamborough 
 Head, and on the north by a ridge of rock, designated 
 Filey Bridge, which extends a distance of half a mile into 
 the sea. The whole of this natural ridge is overflowed at 
 high water, but when the tide is down it may be paced to 
 its extremity, whence good views are obtained of Flam- 
 borough Head on the south, and of Scarborough Castle on 
 the north. The town, which is situated in two ridings of 
 the county, has recently undergone very considerable 
 improvements ; several elegant houses have been erected, 
 and large sums expended in draining and otherwise 
 improving the place. In fine weather, on a calm day, 
 Filey may safely be visited by a boat but to those who prefer 
 to go by land the railway offers every facihty, there being 
 trains four or five times a day. Still further to the south, 
 about nineteen miles from Scarborough, is 
 FLAMBOROUGH HEAD, 
 one of the most striking promontories of the eastern coast. 
 The village of Flamborough occupies nearly the centre of 
 this promontory. It was at one time a place of some note, 
 but is at present only a small fishing village. The name 
 is most probably derived from the ancient practice of 
 mounting a flaming beacon on the cliffs. It is traditionally 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 83 
 
 reported to have been visited by the Danes in their 
 
 predatory visits to this kingdom ; and the ruins of a tower 
 
 remain at the west end of the village, which from time 
 
 immemorial has been called ^^ Danes Tower.'' Besides 
 
 this tower, mounds of earth and vestiges of masonry are 
 
 occasionally found in its vicinity, making it probable that 
 
 it is only a portion of an extensive structure. The cliffs 
 
 are chiefly of limestone, of snowy w^hiteness, and rise from 
 
 a hundred to a hundred and fifty yards in perpendicular 
 
 height. From April to August, they are covered over 
 
 with aquatic birds, and myriads resort thither to build 
 
 their nests and rear their offspring. On the least alarm 
 
 the air is darkened by their number, and rent by the shrill 
 
 dissonance of their varied notes. At the foot of the cliffs 
 
 are several caverns, the principal of which is known by the 
 
 name of 
 
 ROBIN LYTH'S HOLE. 
 
 There are two entrances to this cavern, one from the 
 land and the other from the sea. The one from the land 
 is low, and for some distance the visitor has to grope his 
 way in darkness ; the light, however, gradually opens upon 
 him, and discloses to his view a scene of striking 
 magnificence. The floor is of solid rock, and nearly level. 
 The roof, which is beautifully arched, rises in the centre, 
 nearly fifty feet from the floor, and the sides and arch are 
 adorned with many rich and beautiful colours. From the 
 sides project many shelvings and grotesque protuberances 
 of the rock, which, combined with the other features of 
 this remarkable cavern, tend to awe the mind into silent 
 
 G 2 
 
SCARBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 admiration. The effect of the whole is heightened by the 
 
 distant murmimng of the waves, and the splendid prospect 
 
 of the ocean in all its solemnity and grandeur, presented 
 
 from its mouth. Near Flamborough is situated the 
 
 celebrated Light-house, which, from its elevated situation, 
 
 may be seen at a great distance. The interior may be 
 
 viewed on application. From Flamborough, an excursion 
 
 to the 
 
 CHURCH OF BRIDLINGTON 
 
 should be made, which presents interesting specimens of the 
 architecture of various periods. In the church-yard at 
 Rudston, a village five miles west from Bridlington, ** is an 
 obelisk highly worthy the attention of the antiquary.** It 
 consists of one entire and immensely large stone, of itself a 
 curiosity : the erection of which has been ascribed to the 
 Druids, the Romans, &c. ; as no description can present an 
 adequate idea of its magnitude and effects, combined with 
 the adjacent scenery, we earnestly recommend a visit to 
 the original, which is a venerable object of antiquity. The 
 traveller may visit 
 
 HUNMANBY 
 
 on his return. This beautiful village is situated nearly mid- 
 way between Scarborough and Burlington, and is about 
 two miles distant from the sands at Filey. It is well built 
 chiefly of brick, and pleasantly situated in the midst of 
 a fertile district, at the northern extremity of the East riding 
 of the county. The church is dedicated to All Saints, and 
 contains a handsome monument to the Osbaldestoa 
 
SCABBRO' GUIDE. 
 
 85 
 
 family, to whom most of the township belongs. The seat 
 of this family erected here, is an ancient structure, 
 surrounded by spacious gardens, and sheltered on the north 
 by a wood planted on a rising ground, called ** castle hill." 
 On the top of this hill are also the remains of an ancient 
 fort. It is not a conspicuous object from the road, being 
 walled round and shaded by aged trees. A beautiful 
 entrance lodge, built in the Gothic style, has recently been 
 erected on the Burlington road, at the east end of the 
 village. There are several schools in this village; two 
 public libraries ; and alms-houses for six widows. Formerly 
 a market was held here on Tuesdays, but this has been 
 long discontinued. A cattle market, however, is still held ; 
 as also fairs on the 6th of May and 29th of October. The 
 population is upwards of one thousand. 
 
 ANCIENT MARKET CROSS. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 CLirr-BRIDGE HEGULATIONS. 
 
 Tickets for the bridge, include all charges for admission 
 
 to the saloon and promenade walks, and also for the use of 
 
 the mineral waters. 
 
 £. s. d. 
 Tickets admitting any number of the same family 
 
 constantly on the establishment, including 
 
 nurses in attendance on children, (but all other 
 
 servants excepted,) for one week 10 
 
APPENDIX. 87 
 
 A family ticket, as above described, for fourteen 
 
 days , 15 
 
 A family ticket, as above described, for one month 110 
 A family ticket as above described, for the season 1 11 6 
 
 Ticket for a single person, for a week 2 6 
 
 Ditto for fourteen days 4 
 
 Ditto for one month 6 
 
 Ditto for the season . 10 6 
 
 Servant's ticket, for a week 1 6 
 
 J )itto for fourteen days 2 
 
 Ditto for a month 3 
 
 Ditto for a season 5 
 
 Ticket for each individual, for one day 6 
 
 Individuals having or hiring a bath chair draT\Ti by a 
 servant, or a sedan chair carried by chairmen, to pay one 
 shilling for each day in addition to the above terms. 
 
 MUSEUM. 
 
 TERMS OF ADMISSION. 
 
 S. d. 
 
 A single admission 1 
 
 Ditto for a child under fourteen years .... G 
 
 Admission for a month, each person 2 6 
 
 Ditto for the season 5 
 
 Ditto for a month for a family, including 
 
 servants , 5 
 
 Ditto for three months 10 6 
 
 G 4 
 
88 APPENDIX. 
 
 POST-OFFICE REGULATIONS. 
 
 The Office is situated at No. 50, Newbro '-Street. 
 Post-Master, Mr. John Gillot. 
 
 ARRIVALS. 
 
 From all parts of the United Kingdom and Foreign 
 Countries are due (by Rail) at 15 minutes past 9 a.m. 
 And again from Hunmanby and Filey, at 15 minutes 
 past 3 p.m. 
 
 DEPARTURES. 
 
 To Hunmanby and Filey, at 10 a.m. — To all parts of the 
 United Kingdom and Foreign Countries, at 10 minutes 
 to 4 p.m. 
 
 The Letter Box closes at 30 minutes past 9 o'clock in 
 the morning, for the Hunmanby Mail, but letters will be 
 received until 15 minutes before ten, with a fee of Id. ; and 
 again for all parts of the United Kingdom and Foreign 
 Countries at 3 o'clock .; but letters will be received until 
 half-past 3 o'clock with a fee of Id. on each t and from that 
 time until 15 minutes to 4 o'clock with a fee of 2d. each. 
 
 The Office is open at 8 o'clock in the morning, and closes 
 at 9 in the evening. 
 
 Sunday. — No attendance at the Office from half-past 2 
 o'clock to half-past 4 in the afternoon ; nor from 7 to 9 in 
 the evening. 
 
 L.otO.