imm mmfi m :^A/^.^ L.e,<£,i^.coi£.^L.t^ HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY WISCONSIN From U. S. Government Survey To Present Time, With Biographical Sketches By ROBERT M. DESSUREAU Member of Wisconsin State Historical Society Wisconsin Archeological Society Langlade County Historical Society \ /" ILLUSTRATED COPYRIGHTED 1922 (Robert M. Dessureau) BERNER BROS. PUBLISHING CO. ANTIGO, WISCONSIN .L3D3 lClA6y283i DEC I5iy2^ o ipitiraltnn So Uir ruggrJi vionrrr mlioar uiirmuiucrahlr B;jirit braurti the trials au^ DatigrrB of tlip 'Ntm Jfortl] tl^al pflBtrrttg mtgl]t brnrfit, thts uinrk ia rpB^Jfrlfully iiriiiratrii. SQl'lRE A. TAYLOR The Founder of Langlade Count}'. Born, 1806. Died, Feb. 22, 1902. PREFACE It should be stated that the primary motive of the writer has not been to pre- sage the future development of the county, l.)ut to set down, without personal mter- pretation. to the l)est of his ability, the story of the Langlade County pioneer, who blazed the trail for those who followed. Time passes swiftly. There is approachins' that hour when the last pioneer will pass to his reward, and ^^■.th this thought as his inspiring motive, the writer began the task of setting down, while yet there are a few from whose lips the story can be told, the deeds, trials, tribulations and monumental efforts of that vanguard of mor- tal souls who first trod the soil of Langlade County. If the Wisconsin Geographical Society, organized in the village of Antigo in lS8:j had followed out its purpose as its leaders intended it should, the achievements of the early settlers of Langlade County would be as fresh as if occurrences of yester- day and an accurate and complete link between the past and present could easily be obtained But such was not done. The golden opportunity has passed. Complete records of early county and township affairs are in many instances not properly in- dexed or not to be found. Nevertheless the writer is indebted to school district. township city of Antigo and County officials, a host of pioneers, the State Histori- cal Socie'ty, the Wisconsin Archeological Society, the press and others for invalu- able assistance rendered. Where data was not obtained through creditable records statements of pioneers have been relied on; where they have differed as to facts a reconciliation of differ- ences has been made according to the preponderance of evidence. Space has been devoted to recent history and attention has been given to recent industrial and social progress. Rather than fuse the entire manuscript into one conglomerated mass the writer has divided the work into four sections: 1— Langlade County as a unit; 2— The City of Antigo; :3— the Townships distinctly apart from the County as a unit, with school district subdivisions; and, lastly, 4— the Biographical element. The progress of the county and its institutions is given in a narration of those leadino- historical events selected because of their outstanding importance after a lapse of almost a half century. If this humble and unassuming compilation of those events shall give any pleasure to pioneers still living or to posterity, the writer will have attained all it should be his privilege to anticipate. Inaccuracies and omissions may have crept in. Lack of records, the inexperi- ence of the writer or the fact that no one living were associated with certain events would be the reason for such. Therefore the writer meekly asks the indulgence of the reader for while it is human to err it is divine to forgive. The writer does not feel satisfied that this volume adequately expresses the per- iod of expansion in Langlade County since 1S5::! to date. However, it is hoped that the charitable reader and critic will recognize, at least, this first attempt made to de- pict intelligently the leading occurrences that have during less than a half century laid the immoyal)le foundation upon which progressive Langlade County builds for a greater tomorrow. MAY, 1922. '-^iJeA/<^c/ce^U'CiA/L^^i^ CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE INDIAN-EPITOME OF WISCONSIN HISTORY Aborigines — Mound Builders — Habitat — Missionaries — Wisconsin Ter- ritory — The Badger State 1 CHAPTER II SIEUR CHARLES DE LANGLADE Augustin De Langlade — Birth of Charles — Prestige over Ottawas — His Life and Death... 5 CHAPTER III GEOGRAPHY Location of Langlade County — Boundary — Population — Area 6 CHAPTER IV THE PIONEER Hardships — Life — Hospitality — Their Homes — Christian Charity.... 9 CHAPTER V ORGANIZATION OF LANGLADE COUNTY Rule of Four Nations — Territorial Government — Land Districts — New County — S. A. Taylor — Langlade County Created — Boundary Error — County of Keeps — Matt Carpenter County — Terri- torial Changes 12 CHAPTER VI FINANCIAL AND OFFICIAL Early County Finances — Comparative Financial Statements — County Officials, 1881-1922 16 CHAPTER VII TAVERNS, OLD STOPPING PLACES, HOTELS Famous Log Cabins — Ranches on Lake Superior Trail — Old Dutch Frank's — Military Road Stopping Places — Early Antigo Hotels — Present Antigo Hotels .. 18 CHAPTER VIII INDIAN TRAILS, ROADS, TRANSPORTATION Lake Superior Trail — Military Road — Tote Roads — Wholesale Land Grants — Pioneer Life on Military Road — Road Petitions — Rail- roads — Trunk Lines — Commissioners 21 CHAPTER IX PIONEER LUMBERING ON WOLF AND EAU CLAIRE RIVERS Improvement Concerns — Great Log Drives — Early Lumbermen — Dams on Rivers — Maine Timbermen in Langlade 30 CHAPTER X COUNTY POLITICS AND PARTIES Political Parties — Old Leaders — Personal Politics — Political Wigwam — Women in Politics — Breaking of Ties — County Presidential Vote, 1884-1920 33 CHAPTER XI SCHOOLS AND EDUCATION Ordinance of 1787 — First County School — Pioneer Methods — Antigo Schools — Antigo Superintendents — Historical Society — Graduates of Antigo High School and County Normal 37 CHAPTER XII INDUSTRIES, 1873-1922 First Saw Mill in County — Antigo's First Mill — Review of Industries Since 50 CHAPTER XIII BANKS AND FINANCES, LANGLADE COUNTY Early Charters — Banking Laws — National Bank Act — First County Bank — First National Bank — Antigo Banks — County Banks 55 CHAPTER XIV COURTS, LAWS, LAWYERS First Circuit Court — Judges — Jury Trials — Murder Cases — Municipal Court Act — Grand Jury ^ 57 CHAPTER XV MILITARY HISTORY De Langlade Recruits Indians — Civil War Veterans — Spanish-Ameri- can War — Fred Springstead — The World War 61 CHAPTER XVI TEMPERANCE, PROHIBITION Dry Regime in Antigo, 1878 - 1885— The Fight of 1886— Blind Pigs- Good Templars — Anti-Saloon League in Antigo — County Prohibi- tionists — The Campaign of 1884 — W. C. T. U. — Moonshine — Law and Order 82 CHAPTER XVII METEOROLOGY Coldest Season — Dryest — Warm Years — Meteoric Phenomena — Fires — Cyclones 84 CHAPTER XVIII AGRICULTURE AND DAIRYING First Farm in County — Difficulties and Impediments — Homesteaders — County Fairs, Dairying and Breeders' Associations 88 CHAPTER XIX MEDICINE, DOCTORS, CHIROPRACTORS First Hospital — Writings of Hypocrates — Medical Societies — First Doc- tor — Present Physicians — Dentists — Chiropractors — 92 CHAPTER XX SOIL FORMATION IN LANGLADE COUNTY General Character of Surface — Glacial Drifts — Ledges — Elevation Above Sea Level 95 CHAPTER XXI ANTIGO, THE COUNTY SEAT Surroundings — F. A. Deleglise's Plans — Population — Village — City — The Fight to Incorporate — . 98 CHAPTER XXII HON. FRANCIS A. DELEGLISE Birthplace — Early Life — Parentage — Military and Public Career — Marriage — His Death 103 CHAPTER XXIII CITY OF ANTIGO OFFICIALS First Mayor — City Clerks — Treasurers — Engineers — Health Of- ficers — Attorneys — Aldermen — Chiefs of Fire and Police De- partments - 105 CHAPTER XXIV ORIGINAL CHARTER OF THE CITY OF ANTIGO Wards — First Election — Power of Council — Ordinances — Char- ter of 1905 -. -- 109 CHAPTER XXV CITY ADMINISTRATIONS, 1885 - 1922 Mayor Thomas W. Lynch — M. M. Ross Administration — Adminis- trations of Every Mayor, Including Mayor Charles J. Hanzel 128 CHAPTER XXVI NEWSPAPERS OF NEW AND LANGLADE COUNTIES New County Republican — Langlade Republican — Woodland Homes Weekly News Item — The Special — The Forward — Herold — Antigo Republican — Antigo Daily Journal — Antigo Herald — Antigo Banner — Press Meetings 144 CHAPTER XXVII THE ANTIGO POSTOFFICE First Established Antigo Postoffice — Niels Anderson — Rural Routes — Old Locations — New Postoffice — Postmasters 147 CHAPTER XXVIII ANTIGO CHURCHES Congregational — Methodist — Catholic — Adventist — Unity Evan- ■ gelical — Peace Evangelical — Baptist — Episcopal — Zion — Christian Science — Kahaal Adaas Yesiu 149 CHAPTER XXIX LITERATURE, ART, MUSIC Unwritten Literature of the Pioneer — Antigo's First Singing Mas- ter — Neighborhood Entertainment — Early Bands — Antigo City Band 155 CHAPTER XXX COMMERCIAL ANTIGO Business Firms of Today — Location — Association of Commerce 158 CHAPTER XXXI PIONEER MERCHANTS AND BUILDINGS Merchants of 1879 — Fifth Avenue a Wilderness — Real Estate Of- fices — Business Conditions — Old Opera House — The Approach of a New Era 163 CHAPTER XXXII PUBLIC UTILITIES Volunteer and Paid Fire Departments — Telephone Industry — Elec- tric Systems — Antigo Water Department — Police — City Fi- nances 165 CHAPTER XXXIII ANTIGO LODGES, CLUBS, SOCIETIES Odd Fellows — Masonic — K. of C. — K. cf P. — Labor Organizations — Beavers — Eagles — Moose — M. W. A. — Others 169 CHAPTER XXXIV U. S. GOVERNMENT SURVEY OF LANGLADE COUNTY Rolling Surveyed in 1854 — Other Civil Divisions Surveyed 174 CHAPTER XXXV ACKLEY TOWNSHIPS No. 31 N., R. 9-10 E. Area — Organization — Location — School Districts — Early Settlers 176 CHAPTER XXXVI AINSWORTH TOWNSHIPS No. 33-34 N., R. 12 E. U. S. Survey — Organization — Cleveland Township — Officials 184 CHAPTER XXXVII ANTIGO TOWNSHIP No. 31, N., R. 11 E. Town of Springbrook — Early Roads— Districts — Settlers — Schools 188 CHAPTER XXXVIII ELCHO TOWNSHIPS No. 34, N., R. 10-11 E. Lakes — Timber Belt — Village of Elcho — First Election — Early In- dustries — Districts 195 CHAPTER XXXIX ELTON TOWNSHIPS 31, 32, 33, N., R. 14 E., Etc. Largest Civil Division — Area — First Town Meeting — Langlade Fights Elton — Langlade, White Lake, Markton Called Dobbs- ton — Hollister 200 CHAPTER XL EVERGREEN TOWNSHIP No. 31 N., R. 13 E. Wolf River Township — Village of Elton — Districts of Evergreen 206 CHAPTER XLI LANGLADE TOWNSHIPS No. 32-33, N., R. 13 E. The Famous Lost Nation — Organization of Langlade — History of Pickerel, Elm Grove and Kent Districts 209 CHAPTER XLII NEVA TOWNSHIP No. 32, N., R. 11 E. Derivation of Name — Early Settlers — Officials — Districts — Indus- tries — Schools — Churches — Agriculture 214 CHAPTER XLIII NORWOOD TOWNSHIP No. 30, N., R. 12 E. Phlox Settlers — Organization of Districts — Riverside — Maple Grove Apple Grove — Sugar Bush — Mayking 220 CHAPTER XLIV PECK TOWNSHIP No. 32 N., R. 10 E. Location — Area — Organization — First Officials — Survey of 1860 — Ormsby — Badger District — Friebel, Blue Bell, Rose Dale Re- gions 226 CHAPTER XLV POLAR TOWNSHIP No. 31 N., R. 12 E. Survey of 1857 — H. B. Polar, Indian Trader and Pioneer — Detach- ments from Original Polar — Districts — Industries 231 CHAPTER XLVI PRICE TOWNSHIP No. 32 N., R. 12 E. Congressman W. T. Price — Town of Eagle — Davis Mill Ticket — Officials of Price — Malcolm — Bryant Village 235 CHAPTER XLVII ROLLING TOWNSHIP No. 30 N. R. 11 E. Pioneer Settlers — Organization — Industries — Milltown — School Districts — Elmhurst Village 240 CHAPTER XLVIII SUMMIT TOWNSHIPS No. 33-34 N., R. 9 E. Survey of 1860 and 1864 — Timber Belt — Summit Lake — Parrish Township — Sleepy Hollow — Sunny Slope — Rocky Glen — Call- sen — Parrish Village 247 CHAPTER XLIX UPHAM TOWNSHIP No. 33 N., R. 10-11 E. Early Assemblage of Pioneers — Organization — Industries — Schools — Districts of Upham 252 CHAPTER L VILAS TOWNSHIP No. 32 N., R. 9 E. Government Survey of 1860 — Township Organization — School Dis- tricts — Pioneers — Industries 257 CHAPTER LI HISTORICAL NOTES Chairmen of County Board — Vacated Townships — S. A. Taylor, Booster of a New County — How Larzelere Paved the Way — Miscellaneous 261 CHAPTER LII COMMEMORATIVE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD Importance of Biography — The Life of W. L. Ackley, First Settler in Langlade County — Sketches of Pioneers and Present Settlers..-. 266 History of Langlade County CHAPTER I. The Indian Epitome of Wisconsin History Aborigines in Wisconsin — Mound Builders — Habitat — Custom — Post Lake — The Wolf River — Wis- consin and Fox River Valleys — Missionaries — The Badger Territory from Nicolet to 1848 — Wisconsin As A State — Wisconsin In The World War. While it is the purpose of confining this work ex- clusively to Langlade County, yet the reader may be in- terested in a brief sketch of our state from the time when the Indian roamed at will to date. When the first Europeans settled on American soil they found the Indians occupying the country. It was then the prevailing opinion that the Indian was of one common family, possessing similar habits and speaking the conclusive opinion among anthropologists that the various people inhabiting the American continent sprang from one common stock, the Mongolian, in Eastern Asia. The Indian possessed marked peculiarities of fea- tures, high cheek bones, long straight black hair, a red or copper colored skin, black eyes and was erect in stature. CHIPPEWA INDIANS AND THEIR WIGWAM. These Indians of the famous .Algonquin Tribe, are restless and nomadic. This group was encamped near Otter Lake, Elcho township. Note the skins, construction of the wigwam and the birch bark canoes — "We-ka-see-gee-mon." The high powered rifle in the hands of the "Chief" is a striking con- trast to the weapons used by those savage warriors shown in the picture of De Langlade's battle with the English under General Braddock. identically the same tongue. This error was soon dis- pelled with a more extended observation and intimate relations with these people in different sections of the country. Slowly it was disclosed that there were many tribes and combinations of tribes or nations, so to speak, differing radically in language, habit, custom and degree of civilization. As time passed it became The villages of the Red Men were composed of very rude huts or wigwams made of poles driven into the ground and then tied at the top with buckskin lacing. Except to exhibit as trophies or to torture to death, few prisoners were taken in battle. The Indian was haugh- ty and taciturn. He disliked a coward and it was fortunate for the Whites, if when Indians visited their HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. cabins, they did not show any evidence of fear. The Indian was quick to admire those Whites, who were bold and defiant. The belief of old that there was not a good Indian but a dead one is erroneous and is one of the wrongs the Red Men have suffered at the hands of the invad- ing Whites. Greed and lust for land and power may account for the remainder. That the Indian was sav- age and cruel, crafty and often treacherous is doubtless a fact; but the truth is our ancestors wanted the val- leys of the Rock, the Fox, the Chippewa and the Mis- sissippi rivers for their exploitation. It was neces- sary to dethrone the original owners and this was often accomplished, not by honorable purpose of treaties, but by superior forces, skill and the flint-lock. We can learn little of our first inhabitants from the few left within our borders, for the Indians are a people of legend and tradition, handed down from gen- eration to generation, and not of recorded his- tory. We must go to the records of the French Missionaries, who first lived among them to acquaint ourselves with their lives, manners, customs and beliefs. From the journals of these men we learn that Wisconsin was once the home of differ- ent nations of three great Indian tribes — Iroquois, Sioux and Algonquins. We have only to cite the fact that Powhatan, King Philip, Tecumseh, Pontiac and the famous Black Hawk, were all leaders of these na- tions. The Pottawattomies on Green Bay Island were the most restless of the Algonquin tribes. The Sacs, Fox, and Outagamies lived first in the Fox River Val- ley, but later were pushed west and their trails and vil- lages cover the valley of the Wisconsin. The Mound Builders of Wisconsin are known by rea- son of the remains they have left. As the scientists of today study the relics and bones of a vanished peo- ple they find the presence of numerous mounds, chief- ly in southern Wisconsin. These Mounds were locat- ed usually on natural lines of travel and the places where groups of them have been found, indicates an early occupation by considerable number of people. The mounds are of all sizes and shapes and we sup- pose they were classified according to purpose. Man has faithfully searched and contrived in his desire to answer these questions. THE INDIAN IN LANGLADE COUNTY. There is no question that before the settlement of Langlade County missionaries and Indian traders utiliz- ed the old Indian trails, the Lake Superior Trail and parts of the Wolf River for transportation. Their canoes and bateaux, small and light, were propelled by oars. Only small articles could be carried. Post Lake was once a trading post between French and Indians. Large trees have grown up about the ruins of an old trading post there, thus establishing abundant proof of its existence. Settlers residing at Upper Post Lake can recall olden days when the east bank of the lake was dotted with the wigwams of the Potta- wattomies. David Edick, pioneer Wolf river settler, has identified a Jesuit missionary ring bearing the in- signia, "I. H. S." and a small cross found on the east shore of the lake. But a fev.' years ago the main street of Antigo was visited by many Indian braves and their squaws, who went among the merchants and residents selling blue- berries, maple sugar, black cherry bark, wild ginseng or shipping bales of evergreen. They still come to Antigo from the Indian reservation, but only to sell baskets. Langlade County had among its early settlers many adventurers and prospectors, the most of whom were industrious settlers. They moved into the wilder- ness, erecting cabins or shacks near a creek or river, and in their trading with the passing Indians often met and married young Indian maidens who proved faithful and devoted wives. These men are some- times called "Squaw Men." MISSIONARIES AND EXPLORERS. A half century before Philadelphia was settled by white men, Jean Nicolet, professional French inter- preter and explorer, was dispatched from Quebec by Samuel de Champlain. Nicolet no doubt landed on the shore of Green Bay, negotiated with the Indians, made explorations and returned to Canada. In 1655 Pierre Espirit Raddison and Medard Chourrt des Gro- selliers, fur traders, went down the Fox River as far as the present site of Portage and crossed over the Wisconsin river. Reinforced by a band of Huron Indians these same roving fur traders explored the south shore of Lake Superior and built a crude water- side fort between the present sites of Ashland and Washburn. In 1661 Father Pierre Menard, Jesuit Missionary came to Kewaunee Bay and while descending the Wis- consin river was lost and probably perished in the wild- erness or met death at the hands of the Indians. Four years later Father Claude Allouex was sent here to re-open a mission at Chequamegon Bay, which place he named "La Pointe Du Saint Espirit," (The point of the Holy Ghost.) In 1669 he was relieved by a younger Jesuit, Father Jacques Marquette. Nicholas Perrot, prominent adventure and fur trader, vis- ited Wisconsin in 1666 and dealt with the Indians at Green Bay. In 1763 by the treaty of Paris, Wiscon- sin came under the control of England and after the Revolution was attached to the United States. During the Revolutionary War, the Indians and French in Wisconsin were hostile. In the War of 1812 the Indians actually participated against the United States. After the Black Hawk War and the discovery of lead mines in Southern Wisconsin, there was a great influx of immigrants. The state was in succession a part of Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, finally the Wiscon- sin territory in 1836. Wisconsin was admitted into the Union May 29th, 1848. Among the chief historical events in its earlier history as a state were the whole- sale granting of lands to railroad companies, the politi- cal gathering at Ripon leading toward the organization of the Republican party and the part Wisconsin took in the Civil War, where it raised more than its quota HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. of men and money. Wisconsin has been a strong Re- publican state politically. After the Civil War the state grew rapidly in pop- ulation. Its soil by far its greatest natural resource became the field of intense cultivation and today the products of Wisconsin exceed $250,000,000 in value annually. When the United States entered the World War, Wisconsin National Guards won praise everywhere. The 32nd Division, Wisconsin and Michigan troops, were designated "Les Terribles" by General Mangin, French Commander. The people at home maintained a spirit not seldom exhibited, gave their general and hearty support in all Liberty Loan and other drives. Red blooded Americans left their business, their homes and those dear to them to don the uniform, thus dem- onstrating as War Governor Emanuel L. Phillip said, "The love of country and flag is strong among the people." In another section we discuss the part Langlade County played in the World War. The financial expenditure in the World War daily was approximately $117,000,000. At that rate the total cost of the entire war was $183,339,000,000. Taxation, international credits, floating of foreign and domestic loans was the means whereby such vast sums of money were raised. The reader can turn to the chapter on military history of Langlade County to find what amount the citizens raised in the various bond loans during the great conflict. When the first Liber- ty Loan was offered for subscription May 14, 1917, reports poured into general headquarters at Washing- ton, D. C, from every section of the country. The is- sue, amounting to $2,000,000,000 was raised success- fully. 4,000,000 more than the necessary number of subscribers came forth to assist Uncle Sam. Six months elapsed and on October 1, 1917, the sec- ond Liberty Loan was launched. It met with popular favor. The issue was over-subscribed in one of the greatest national campaigns ever held in the United States. 9,500,000 citizens subscribed to the issue, which called for $3,000,000,000. April 6, 1918 — the anniversary day of America's en- try into the war — was celebrated by the Third Liberty Loan in which $3,000,000,000 was offered. The drive was one of the memorable events connected with the war. May 4, 1918, it was closed with an over sub- scription of $1,176,516,850. Twenty-two million American citizens subscribed for Liberty Bonds in the Fourth Loan launched Sep- tember 28, 1918, and ending October 19, 1918. The appeal was for $6,000,000,000 and was over-subscrib- ed. This was the greatest financial undertaking ever recorded. The last drive — the Fifth Liberty Loan was launch- ed April, 1919, and ended May 10, 1919. Amid pa- triotic fervor seldom exhibited America sent the Vic- tory Loan over the top and made the ultimate defeat of the enemy possible sooner. In these financial drives Wisconsin played its part admirably, subscribing a total of $333,633,800 in the five drives. Langlade County subscribed a total of $1,678,150 in all Liberty Loan drives. But Wisconsin accomplished many other notable achievements besides backing up the Liberty Loan drives. The Red Cross, The Y. M. C. A., the Knights of Columbus, the United War Work drives, soldier's aid, soldier's dependents aid, the four minute men, the states man power, enlisted men and drafted men, the state public service reserve, the community labor boards, federal employment offices, food and fuel ad- ministration, the non-war construction organizations, the county councils of defense, the Wisconsin draft administration, the legal advisory boards, the district and local Boards of Exemption, the war savings and thrift stamp campaigns, the activities of the public and parochial schools, — these and others were vital factors in the winning of the great war. The raising of the National Army in Wisconsin was one of the outstanding feats in state history. Provost Marshal Crowder, the head of the Selective Service Department in Washington, D. C, in this connection said: "It remains the ultimate test and proof of the intrinsic political idea upon which American institu- tions of Democracy and local self-government are bas- ed." He was not mistaken in what the outcome would be. Major E. A. Fitzpatrick, state draft administra- tor, received the following message from General Crowder, when the armistice was signed November 11, 1918: "I take this opportunity to convey my con- gratulations upon the vigorous and systematic man- ner in which the whole administration of the Selective Service System has been conducted in the State of Wisconsin." And these words from General Crowder are a testimonial as to the efficiency of all war organ- izations in each county — for without a sense of cour- age and responsibility and cooperation by all organi- zations the success of the Selective Service Law would have been imperiled. With the signing of the armistice the fate of a mighty empire was doomed and before six months passed the soldiers of Wisconsin began to return home — to be once more absorbed into the economic and in- dustrial life of the state. September 29, 1919, Wisconsin voters by a vote of 165,762 for and 57,324 against accepted the amend- ment to Chapter 452 of the Laws of 1919, which pro- vided for the creation of a Service Recognition Board and the payment of what has since been known as the Soldier Bonus Act, which provided for the raising of a sufficient sum to assure each soldier, sailor, marine and nurse, including Red Cross nurses, who served in the armed forces of the United States during the World War against Germany and Austria and who, at the time of their induction into service were residents of Wisconsin, a sum of not exceeding ten dollars for each month of service with a minimum of fifty dol- lars, as a token of appreciation of the character and spirit of their patriotic service and to perpetuate such appreciation as a part of the history of Wisconsin. Langlade County went on record in favor of the Sol- dier Bonus Act by the overwhelming vote of 1,294 for and 258 against the proposal. = U = fc> 5 .ill ~ '/] ~ as ^ -J o ^ y ^ •£ b«T3 M 2 ■— rt — {. -■^ s 2 " ^ ^ ^ « 5 £ « J «.i s 5,= W M HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER II. Charles De Langlade Before a historical discussion of Langlade County is undertaken it will not be amiss to give an account of the exploits of Augustin De Langlade and his illustrious son, Charles, in honor of whom Langlade County bears its name. Augustin De Langlade was born about 1695. While still a young man, lured to the unconquered and unex- plored northwest of the new world he settled near Mackinaw (Michigan) and traded with the Ottawa Indians. He became very friendly with the Ottawas and married a sister of King Nis-so-wa-quet of that famous tribe. After this union he gained wonderful prestige over the Ottawas. Charles De Langlade was the second child and was born in 1724 at Mackinaw. At the age of twenty-five he moved with his parents and their younger children to the settlement at Green Bay. Here Sieur De Lang- lade continued as a trader among the Indians, living a peaceful life which ended when he was 76 years old in 1771. Sieur Charles De Langlade married Charlotte Bou- rassa, the daughter of Rene Bourassa, a retired voy- ageur, who then lived at Mackinaw, August 12, 1754. The ceremony, performed by Father M. L. Le Franc, Roman Catholic priest, was vouched for by M. Herbin, then leader and commandant of the Green Bay post. Mme. De Langlade moved to Green Bay from Macki- naw six years after her marriage. It was at the Green Bay settlement that De Langlade's hardy, noble, im- pulsive, but dangerous career began. Sieur Charles De Langlade gained a reputation for bravery and strategy second to none. Before the out- break of the French-Indian war in 1754 he had led a force against the Sac Indian nation and succeeded in pushing them back from their holdings in the Fox river valley to the banks of the Wisconsin river. Because of his knowledge of the Indian tribes of the northwest, his winning personality, intelligence and wonderful influence over the Red Men, Marquis Vau- dreuil, Governor-General of New France and Louisi- ana, selected De Langlade to recruit a powerful force from the ten Indian nations, Ottawas (to whom he was personally related), Chippewas, Menominees, Hurons, Winnebagoes and others. ^ The force of Indians was merged with a body of French frontier fighters with De Langlade assuming full command. The fearless young warrior of just thirty years pro- ceeded at once to Fort Du Quesne ^ where a defense against the British was planned. General Braddock, vainly attempting to take Fort Du Quesne with his picked soldiery, was decisively defeated. The victory of the French and Indians was due to the persistant appeals of De Langlade to induce De Beaujeu, French commandant, to commence the attack. Beaujeu, after repeated requests refused to give the order to com- mence battle. De Langlade then called a council of the Indian chiefs and they demanded that Beaujeu give 1 — De Langlade's agents recruited Indians for this battle from w. th- in the limits of Langlade County. the order to fight while the British were feasting or be- fore they crossed the river (Ohio). The French com- mandant, disheartened and fearing that he faced de- feat, yielded to De Langlade and gave orders to bat- tle. Beaujeu, brave, but pessimistic, was killed in the affray. Braddock lost twenty-six officers and 714 of his men were killed or wounded. George Washing- ton, young Colonial leader, saved the retreating troops by his masterly conduct. The force under Beaujeu and De Langlade lost but three officers and thirty men. Dumais, Commandant of Du Quesne, then ordered De Langlade to proceed with his force on August 9, 1756 to strike at Ft. Cumberland and obtain informa- tion about the movements of the British in the Ohio river valley. In 1757 De Langlade participated in battles in Cana- da under the brave and beloved Montcalm. De Lang- lade aided in the capture of Ft. William Henry at the head of Lake George. September 8, 1757, Governor General Vaudreuil or- dered De Langlade to start from Montreal for the post of Michilimackinac to serve as second in command un- der orders of M. De Beaujeu, post commandant. A year later he returned to Canada, fought at Ticonderoga with the French-Indian force against General Aber- crombie, British leader, who suffered severe reverses in killed and wounded. After the battle at Ticonderoga, De Langlade went back to Ft. Du Quesne, then threatened by the enemy. The gallant George Washington drew near the fort. Rather than face disaster the defenders set fire to It. In November 1758 the Dragon of St. George took the place of the Lilies of France and floated over the Ohio river valley unmolested. De Langlade returned to the post at Green Bay. Here De Langlade proved himself a faithful servant of France. He could see that the power of the French was slipping, but he rendered faithful and efficient services until the end. In the battle for possession of Quebec, when both Montcalm and Wolfe were mor- tally wounded, De Langlade fought furiously, coming out of the conflict wounded. Two of his brothers fell on the plains of Abraham. In 1760 he was commissioned a Lieutenant by the King of France and received instructions to return the Indians under his command to their respective villages and he to locate at Mackinac. The French-Indian war ended with the tri-color of France hauled down and De Langlade was given an appointment as Superin- tendent of Indians at Green Bay. While he did not actively participate in the Revolutionary War, his mor- al assistance alone, was worth much to the English. However he received valuable grants of land and an annuity from the British for his services in the Revo- lution. He passed away in January, 1800, at the ad- vanced age of 75 years and was laid to rest beside his father. 2 — Ft. Du Quesne was built at the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, and was named in honor of the Governor of Canada. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER III. Geography Location — Boundary — Population by Comparative Statement — Area — Civil Divisions — Rivers and Streams — County Farm Statistics — Summary of Development. A relief map of Wisconsin shows that Langlade County is situated in a north central position and is located very near the geographical center of the State. Langlade County is bounded on the north by Oneida and a part of Forest county; on the south by Shawano and a part of Marathon County; on the west by Lincoln Coun- ty and on the east by Oconto and a part of Forest County. The territory of Langlade County embraces the fol- lowing governmental sub-divisions viz. all townships numbered 31, 32, 33 and 34 in ranges 9, 10, 11 and 12; also townships numbered 30 in ranges 11 and 12; also townships numbered 31, 32 and 33 in ranges numbered 13 and 14; also the west twelve sections of township numbered 31 in range num- bered 15. The ranges all being east of the 4th principal meredian. This territory before the establishment of Langlade County was a part of the counties of Shawano, Oconto or Lincoln. In another chapter the changes affecting the county from 1880 to date will be discussed. The boundary of Langlade County forms a regular course. Commencing at the northwest corner it runs east twen- ty-four miles; thence six miles south; thence twelve miles east; thence south twelve miles; thence two miles east, completing the northern boundary; thence six miles south; thence sixteen miles west; thence six miles south; thence twelve miles west; thence six miles north; thence nine and three-fourths miles west and thence twenty-four miles north to the place of begin- ning. It includes within its borders 876 square miles or 560,640 acres of which approximately 90 per cent is reported for taxation. Non-taxable area includes lakes, rivers and streams. The following statement gives a comparative report of the population of Langlade County for the ten year periods since 1880: Population in 1880—685. Population in 1890—9,465. Population in 1900—12,553. Population in 1910—17,062. Population in 1920—21,471. The per cent of increase in population is as follows: From 1890 to 1900—32.6 per cent; 1900 to 1910—35.9 per cent; 1910 to 1920—25.8 per cent. This phenome- nal growth during a span of forty years is a simple tes- timonial of what can be expected for the future. The intelligence and initiative of the citizens, their thrift Scene on tlie Eau Claire Kucr. Lany'ailc Lounty. and integrity, the great diversity of industry and occu- pation, the vast resources, the accessibility of raw ma- terials necessary, but not produced within the borders of Langlade County, the excellent transportation facil- ities, the splendid network of highways, radiating from Antigo to all sections of the county, prosperous farms, and unsurpassed dairying communities are some of the responsible reasons for a steady, healthy increase in new settlers from year to year. RIVERS, LAKES AND STREAMS. Langlade County is at the door of the great lakes and rivers of tourist fame in Wisconsin. The larg- est rivers are the Wolf and the Eau Claire {east ana west branches.) These two bodies of water together with numerous creeks, small rivers and rivulets, drain and water the county. The principal river is the Wolf, which has its source in Forest County, flows through Langlade County in a south-easterly direction through the townships of Elcho, Ainsworth, Langlade and Elton. Its receives many rivulets, rivers and creeks, the most important being the Lily River, Hunt- ing River and Pickerel Creek. The Eau Claire river has its headwaters (western branch) in the northwest- ern section of the county, draining the southeastern part of the Town of Summit, the southwestern part of Upham township and Peck township. The east branch of the Eau Claire river drains the south eastern part of Upham township, all of Neva township and a section of Peck township. It joins the western branch in the northwestern part of section 28 of East Ackley HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. township. The west branch of the Eau Claire river receives Clear Water Creek, and Sucker Creek from the northeast in Peck township and Black Creek from the west in Ackley township. The east branch re- ceives Sucker Creek from Bass Lake in sections 10 and Scene on the Red River, which flows through Norwood Townsliip. 11 of Neva township and a few smaller creeks and streams in Peck and Ackley townships. Other rivers of importance in the county are the Trappe River of the west Ackley township, the Prairie River of north Summit township. Red River of Nor- wood township, Springbrook, with its headwaters in Neva township, flowing through Antigo township, through the City of Antigo and also through Rolling township. McCloud Creek, Pine River, Lloyd Creek, Pratt Creek, all in the west part of Vilas township, flow in a southwesterly direction. GOVERNMENT CIVIL DIVISIONS. Langlade County is subdivided into sixteen civil di- visions. They are Summit, Vilas, Elcho, Peck, Neva, Antigo, Ainsworth, Price, Polar, Norwood, Rolling, Langlade, Upham, Evergreen, Elton and Ack- ley. Elton, the largest civil division is 128 square miles in area. Summit, Upham, El- cho, Ackley, Ainsworth and Langlade are each 72 square miles in area. The other town- ships, Vilas, Polar, Antigo, Rolling, Norwood, Peck, Neva, Evergreen and Price are 36 square miles in area respectively. The most densely populated townships are Antigo and Norwood. The most sparsely popu- lated are Summit, Vilas and Ainsworth townships. 61 per cent of the people of Langlade County are residents of rural districts. This county has some of the most beautiful lakes in the state. The largest lakes are Post, Pickerel, Sum- mit, Enterprise, Richs' or Rolling Stone and Bass Lake. Post Lake is about four miles long. Enterprise Lake is almost two miles at its widest point. Richs' Lake from its farthest northern shore to its most remote southeastern shore is about two miles long. Summit Lake, Bass Lake, Lawrence Lake, Moose Lake, Twin Lakes, Mueller's Lake, Lower Bass Lake and Rose Lake, also White Lake, are all lakes of good size. There are 570 lakes, streams and rivers in the county. The average annual rainfall is about 40 inches and the variations of temperature are from 30 degrees below zero to 90 degrees above (Fahrenheit.) Langlade County is drained by the St. Lawrence river and the Mississippi river drainage systems, the Wolf river and its tributaries in the former and the Eau Claire (east and west branches) river in the latter. RURAL LANGLADE COUNTY. The information herein does not tell the reader all there is to be known about the geography of Langlade County. Important matters come up every day and there are scores of new things relative to the county with which all intelligent and active citizens should ac- quaint themselves. Langlade County is closer to the border of Michigan than to any other state border. It is just southwest of Forest County, touching the Michigan border. There was a day when the county did touch the border line of Michigan before detachments of 1885. It may be interesting to the student of county his- tory to know that in the State of Wisconsin there are over seven hundred million eggs laid annually of which the hens in Langlade County laid 3,626,080 eggs in 1921. Recent statistics show that in Langlade Coun- ty there are approximately 42,280 hens laying on an average of 86 eggs each year. Assuming that eggs are retailing at 44 cents per dozen the selling price of all eggs produced in Langlade County is approximate- ly $136,553 annually. Hundreds of crates are ship- ped from the county to Chicago and other points where they are held in "cold storage" houses. The "can- dling" of eggs is carried on in the county quite ex- tensively also. Exclusive poultry farms, modern and profitable, are rapidly making their appearance in dif- ferent townships in the county. This holds good for the future welfare of this particular industry. Wisconsin is the leading dairy state in the United States. The milk cows of Badgerdom produce an average of over 140 quarts of milk per second. There are 11,518 milk cows in Langlade County producing an average of 4,935 pounds of milk each per year with a total of 50,391,250 pounds of milk during one year. 8 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Langlade County, as we have stated, has a popu- lation of 21,471 inhabitants. A quart of milk, weigh- ing two pounds, could be given to every man, woman and child in Langlade County three times per day if the annual total milk production of the county was evenly divided among the people. The potato industry is the most important in pro- ductivity in Langlade County. Some of the larg- est potato fields under cultivation in Wisconsin are located in Langlade County. The most advanced methods of cultivation are followed by the experts en- gaged in that phase of agriculture. Homer Beattie, the Prosser Brothers, C. Sorenson, John Morrissey, J. W. Smith, of Kent, Peter Krier and others are well known as leading potato men. There are approxi- mately 4,435 acres of land used for potato cultivation annually in the county. The average yield per acre is 127 bushels. Langlade County holds a rank near the top in the total amount of car loads of potatoes ex- ported yearly. The average annual potato crop is 563,245 bushels. The actual land area of the coun- ty is 555,414 acres. Thus the average farm value of an acre of potatoes in Langlade County is $130.81. The reader can gain an idea of the vast potato industry of Wisconsin when it is realized that the county pro- duces but one fiftieth of Wisconsin's total annual yield of 27,200,000 bushels. Langlade County potato growers cultivate about one-sixtieth of the total amount of potato acreage of Wisconsin. Langlade County raises about twenty-five bushels of potatoes for each inhabitant every year. The principal pota- toes cultivated in the county are the Rural New York- ers, Russetts, Triumph, Irish Cobbler, Green Mountain and Early Ohio's and other varieties. Extreme cau- tion is taken in the county to guard against potato blight and the potato beetle. Langlade County grow- ers export seed potato to every section of the United States. Recent statistics produce the fact that 446 silos are being used in Langlade County. Every year new silos are erected to care for the increasing yields of the farmers. There are now about five hundred silos in the county or one silo to about every fourth farm. Langlade County has 1717 acres annually producing 10,908 tons of corn silage. The figures given are based on a five year average. Thus there are about thirty-six silos in each civil division (section) in the county or an average of nearly one silo to every square mile. While the county is not in the corn belt of the Uni- ted States it produces a fair yield of corn used as a grain. There are 704 acres of land, according to sta- tistics producing five year averages, yielding annual- ly in Langlade County 19,800 bushels of grain corn. Langlade County is within that area of land which the United States governmental officials declare will make the greatest developments during the next few decades. Since 1855 its area has been gradually, but surely developed into an important and essential part of the great commonwealth of Wisconsin. From the day when the squatters and early homesteaders push- ed back the forests from an acre or more of ground, new land has been constantly cleared, broken or drain- ed from year to year. 842 acres of land were clear- ed or brushed off during the year ending April 1, 1920. The farm value of nineteen principal Langlade Coun- ty crops during the years 1919 and 1920 were : $2.- 474,422 and $1,927,443. 15,771 acres of land have been added to the total area under cultivation in the county since 1909. The growth of the county has been gradual and without the "boom" of the mushroom variety. No better index to the general progress of a community could be related that a comparative statement giving figures which cannot be denied and which tell the amazing story of the expansion of the county. LANGLADE COUNTY FARM STATISTICS. In 1910 there were but 2,823 apple trees in bear- ing in the county as compared with 8,584 in 1920. 42 tractors were in use in the county in May, 1920. From fifteen acres the county has forged ahead so far that now 243 acres of land are producing root crops other than sugar beets. There were less than fifty acres of peas for can- ning cultivated in 1909 as compared with 251 acres in 1920. From 137 acres the wild or marsh hay has decreas- ed from 1909 to 1920 to but 97 acres — a sure indica- tion that agriculture is developing scientifically. Clover and timothy production has increased from 17,942 to 23,715 acres in ten years— 1909-20. 256 more acres of rj'e were planted in 1920 than in 1909 in the county. In 1909, 2,597 acres of barley were cultivated. The acreage of the same crop was practically the same ac- cording to 1919 statistics. 151 acres were under spring wheat production in 1909 as compared with 1,074 acres in 1920. The increase in acreage sown in oats was approxi- mately 3,000 acres, U. S. statistics indicate. A general summary of rural development shows that the county has made rapid increase in production of crops considered grown for strictly commercial pur- poses. The first record of tractors used on Langlade Coun- ty farms was called for by the United States govern- ment in 1920. With a return to normal conditions of production and consumption and an equilibrium of price levels the tractor will no doubt be more exten- sively used. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER IV. The Pioneer Hardships — Mode of Life — Hospitality — How They Came — Their Homes. After the great war of the rebellion the dense un- broken wilderness of Upper Wisconsin was explored by an almost unceasing army of timber estimators, lumbermen, prospectors and homestead seekers. With the construction of the Military Road through Ains- worth, Langlade and Elton Townships, the opening of Eastern Langlade County began. With the pioneer came the saw mill. As the result the heavy timbered hills and valleys where once only the red man and wild miles of splendid highways over which high powered motor vehicles travel swiftly linking city, village and hamlet. Brave and courageous were the families that moved into this country infested with wild animals and In- dians. In early years our first settlers, particularly in Norwood Township and the Wolf River Country came into this land of hope after enduring many hard- ships from long exposure. The journey was always lodern Langlade County farm with its pure bred cattle and lu.xuriant meadows, presenting a vivid contrast to the log cabin of the old homesteader of nearly a half century ago. beasts fought for supremacy, a thriving industry de- veloped. What a contrast today. Then the Indian was master of the land. Where his camp fire burned brightly in the valley, on the plains and hilltops, we see hundreds of cultivated farms today. We see the ideal farm- house with its water works and electric lights, its au- tomobile garage, machine shop, huge barns and tractor sheds and silos, where once the Indian tepee comfort- ed the restless and impulsive red man. Where the Indian made his temporary abode, we find today pros- perous farms and contented communities, factories and mills, churches and schools. Instead of the old In- dian trails over which mail and provisions had to be "toted" or "man packed" from Shawano, Wausau or Appleton, the nearest trading points, we have today tiresome and tedious. Travel was done with oxen or horses and the wagons were crude and heavy. Many miles of wilderness were passed. The rough cordu- roy roads were few and boggy. Many a pioneer wa- gon that trekked into this country was upset or dam- aged due to miry roads or pits. Some pioneers did not even have a wagon or cart with a yoke of oxen, but trudged along on foot, carrying their personal be- longings on their backs. Such jourreys lasted days and days. Langlade County's first settlers suffered hardships, trials and tribulations of which the present generation is not at all familiar. Many a family lost one of their loved ones after they had staked their claim in the woods of the county. Very often on the journey children would become ill and not having any medical attention close at hand would die. In such 10 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. instances, the bereaved parents would place their lov- ed one in a grave dug under the boughs of the forest trees. Before the Civil War, white men penetrated Lang- lade County. From 1870 to 1890, this part of Wiscon- sin, which had long been looked upon as adapted for nothing but the undisturbed home of the Indian and the journeys of venturesome speculators, became the mec- ca for immigrants from every section south and east of Wisconsin. The belief that this country possessed only one factor of wealth — its pineries — became a myth. With the death of that idea, there was born a new period of expansion — in upper Wisconsin, which wonderfully contributed to the development of Lang- lade County. In the period of 1870-1875, after the trail of the Pine hunter had been blazed, hardy sons of toil, whose greatest asset was health and muscle, began to erect log cabins, "Homes of Peace and Plenty." Thus began the settlement of the picturesque new north, with Antigo, then an unrealized ideal, and Lang- lade County, as the pivotal point of progress. The pioneer cabins and shacks were often times sepa- rated by miles of unbroken virgin forests. This lone- liness naturally made the homesteaders and squatters very hospitable and cordial. Visitors were always welcome and were given the best that the little cabins could afford. Everyone was neighborly and a spirit of mutual helpfulness approaching perfection was man- ifest. They were kind and always willing to lend a helping hand to any settlers in distress. Mrs. Anna Morrissey, daughter of Mrs. F. A. Deleglise, has told how her mother would go long distances to aid and comfort some sick person. It was truly a land of equality here in the wilderness. No racial distinc- tions, no sects, creeds, coteries of people secluded — but all on one common plane. Sometimes we think that in our day of extolled progress and civilization we have attained the acme of benevolence, but the chris- tian charity of the pioneer far surpassed that of society today. When notice that an itinerant preacher would be in the county to dwell upon the gospel the pioneer set- tlers would come from miles around to hear him. Some came on foot, horseback, horse and wagon, and with oxen carts, all eager to participate in the worship of God. The cabin or shacks of the first settlers were made of logs, sometimes covered with boards. The crude dwellings were usually of three rooms, all comfortably but plainly equipped. Rough sawed lumber was used for flooring. The settlers would store their winter supplies in the cabin. There are still many log cabins used in Langlade County and while the log cabin was the start of prosperity for the county, it holds a high place among those things worthy of his- torical preservation. Neighbors were not plenty but they made up a lack of numbers by a hearty good wholesome exchange of courtesies and "good turns." When the long winter evenings arrived, the oxen were hitched to the "jump- er" and the buxom lads and lassies "snugged in" and sought a neighbor's cabin by sleigh road winding through the forest, slow, it is true, but speed was not desired as so much of the fun was "being together." When the turnouts would arrive at their destination, the occupants of the cabin home would cordially greet them and all would make merry while games, music on the old organ, accordian, or violin was enjoyed. The howl of the timber wolf often broke forth near the pioneer cabin accompanying the master of the ac- cordian or the old violinist. It is different today. The wolf has been pushed back by civilization and but in few places can his bark be heard. Time has brought forth a wonderful change in the past forty years or more. FORTY YEARS AGO. In what a wonderous age we live Not many seem to know. But few the mighty change perceive, Since forty years ago. Then the farms were covered o'er With forest trees aglow. And the red man held full sway Over forty years ago. The bear, the wild cat, wolf and lynx Were the red man's only foe When the pioneer settlers came Over forty years ago. But the red man was driven out. And the forests, too, must go Before the ax of the pioneer Over forty years ago. The youngsters dressed in homespun clothes And made but little show. And Lindsey-woolsey dressed the girls. Over forty years ago. The "warmeses" and "round-a-bouts" Gave plenty room to grow. And boys were strong and rugged then. Over forty years ago. The girls could spin, knit and weave. And have as good a beau As any lady's heart could wish Since forty years ago. And grandpa's heart was always green. Although his locks were snow. And grandma knit and darned the socks. Over forty years ago. Our fathers never had a dream. When things moved on so slow. Of what their boys would do by steam Since forty years ago. Automobiles and electric cars. And airships on the go, Would open the eyes of the pioneer Of forty years ago. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 11 The telephone and wireless. The music in the air. How different from the olden days When messengers were rare. Our giant ships and railroad trains With goods from every clime; How wonderful when compared With the ox cart of olden time. But time has deadened many a tree. And "logged" up many a row, Since they began to clear the land Over forty years ago. And when the covered wagon comes. And we are called to go, We'll settle in a better land Than forty years ago. With all its drawbacks the pioneer log cabin was a happy home. As saw mills became numerous the doors and floors of the log cabins were made of rough wood. With trade increasing the prosperity of the homesteaders and pioneers became more apparent and frame dwellings were erected. Many of the cabins In the county were covered by clapboards slit from na- tive timber and weighted down by poles. It was not uncommon for the pioneer settlers to sleep out under the boughs of a forest tree during the time when a cabin was. being "rolled up." The oxen or mules were then allowed to graze in the forest na- tural clearings around the temporary camping place. Many of the pioneers were without funds to purchase any of the luxuries of that time. Even if they did have funds the trading posts were so far away that it was only with great difficulty and trouble that even necessities were purchased. Courage and unlimited energy were the chief assets of the first settlers. Once a cabin home was started it was but a few days before it was completed. Two to three families often settled in the various townships in groups. Thus by mutual assistance many of the trials and hardships were successfully coped with. Food was usually "toted" in to the new-comers, but before then they were compelled to gather wild berries, herbs, kill wild game, the deer, rabbits, ducks, prairie chickens and other wild animals of which there was then an abundance. Some of the old cabins first rolled up are yet in - existence. If the decaying logs of these old land marks could tell the story of their existence history would be much more interesting. The days when the "bee" or the log rolling was conducted were important to the first settlers. It was a courtesy generally re- spected by all, for every able bodied man who lived within an easy walking or "ridin' distance" to attend the bee or log raising event. He was expected to as- sist the new settler about to become his neighbor in the all important task of erecting his little domain in the wilderness. If the new settler lived in a section of the county where a number of pioneers could gather quickly the occasion was made a distinct social fea- ture. The hardy men folks would busy themselves throughout the entire day felling the trees, trimming, sawing and hauling the logs to the site of the proposed cabin. Oxen were often used to aid in hauling the logs. When the logs were placed in proper position the cracks in the walls were filled with moss, sticks, mud and plaster, if it could be obtained. This pre- vented the wind and rain from entering into the cabin home. When the work would be about complete the pio- neers attending the "bee" or log raising would feast out in the open air. The women folks were as essen- tial at such a pioneer gathering as were the men, for the hard labor was forgotten as the feasting and merri- ment connected with the event began. The first pioneers did not have furniture such as is found in the modern home of Langlade County today. In fact only the necessary articles were found in the homes of the homesteaders and other pioneers. When they came into the country the roads were nothing but trails and it was thus very hard to bring any furniture with them except those things absolutely necessary. Many of the household necessities were made by the older boys or the father. Chairs usually consisted of stools or benches made out of rough material se- cured in the forests. During the week's labor the father of a family found it difficult to make ends meet, so to speak, and as money was not plentiful he was always anxious to barter commodities. Thus after a church session on Sunday the people would stand around trading pro- duce, exchanging one article for another which they needed most. The people supported the church by sending in corn, potatoes, rutabagas, cord wood, etc., to the pastor. If they subscribed to a paper the edi- tor often allowed them to pay for the subscription in some product of the homestead. And it was for a long time that produce was regarded equally with money as the standard of value. The cabins of the early settlers were exceptionally simple. Nothing but needed household articles could be found. No art decorations or beautiful paintings adorned the walls of these homes. The ax, the augur, saw and awl Hang on pegs upon the wall. And kitchen utensils — bright and clean May also on the wall be seen. 12 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER V. Organization of Langlade County Under Rule of Four Nations — Spain, France, Great Britain and U. S. — Territorial Government — Land Districts Created in 1834 — County of New Organized by S. A. Taylor — Langlade County Created in 1881 — First County Board — Public Buildings — Opposition to Boundary Changes — Boundary Error — First County Officials — County of Keeps — Territorial Changes 1881-1885- The territory comprising Langlade County has serv- ed successively under the flags of four powerful na- tions, Spain, France, Great Britain and the United States. Originally a part of the Northwest territory, it became a part of Indiana district in 1800. In 1809 it became a part of Michigan territory, detached from Il- linois territory, and was governed by William Henry Harrison. Not until 33 years after Wisconsin was ad- mitted into the union was Langlade County establish- ed. Long before the advent of the white man in Langlade County, there were no land claims made upon the fed- eral government to affect this region. The Green Bay land district, created June 26, 1834, by an act of Con- gress, did not include Upper or Northern Wisconsin. Thus the reader can realize that for nearly a half cen- tury more, until 1855, Langlade County was a paradise of nature, unmarred by the woodman's axe; a virgin forest where God's cattle fed "upon a thousand hills;" where streams and glacial lakes abounded unmolested in fish and game; a country where the melodious war- ble of the feathered songster intermingled with the soft sigh of the giant pine. THE FOUNDER OF LANGLADE COUNTY. The founder of Langlade County was Squire A. Tay- lor, a well educated and progressive c'tizen of Lily, Langlade township. He was engaged in lumber and logging operations for years on the Wolf and Lily riv- ers. It was he who changed the name of the little village to New. He led an eventful life and was one of the picturesque pioneers of Wisconsin's wild north. He passed away at the old Springbrook House, Antigo land mark, February 22, 1902. Through the efforts of Squire A. Taylor, the Committee on Town and Coun- ty Organization of the State Legislature recommended the passage of Chapter 114, Laws of 1879, creating the "County of New." The county was named "New" because it was a New County if we are to take the statements of pioneers, and Chicago officials of railroad concerns as accurate.* THE COUNTY OF KEEPS— MATT CARPENTER. In 1882, S. A. Taylor, Founder of Langlade County, attempted to organize the County of Keeps. The pro- posed county would include all of Langlade County as it then existed except Norwood and Rolling townships. They were to be evacuated and attached to Shawano * New County was organized when Marinette County was created. It was attached to Shawano County for County and Judicial purposes- The Act of Organizing New County was approved February 27. 1879. County. The bill was introduced in the Wisconsin Legislature by Mr. H. Button, who opposed it. The Lost Nation was included in the proposed county. In March, 1883, at the time of the defeat of Keeps Coun- ty, the Lost Nation was attached to Langlade County. In 1884 Taylor tried to organize Matt Carpenter Coun- ty. It was defeated by the State Legislature. LANGLADE COUNTY. Langlade County was named in honor of Sieur Charles De Langlade, brave and impulsive leader of the French and Indians, who has been heralded as the first citizen of Wisconsin. In February, 1880, the leg- islature passed an act changing the name of New, to Langlade County. The change was proposed by Ly- man C. Draper, Secretary of the State Historical So- ciety. One year later, February 19, 1881, the bound- aries of Shawano, Oconto and Langlade counties were changed. The County of Langlade was created and perfected and "certain towns were therein establish- ed." Langlade County included : "All that portion of the counties of Shawano, Oconto and Langlade, within the following boundaries, to-wit: Commencing at the southwest corner of township 30 north, range 11 east of the 4th principal meridian, running thence north on range line between ranges 10 and 11, to the third correction line, thence east on the said correction line to the southwest corner of township 31, range 11 east, thence north on range line between ranges 10 and 11 of the 4th correction line; thence west on the said cor- rection line to the southwest corner of township 41 of range 11 east; thence north on range line between ranges 10 and 11 to the Michigan-Wisconsin boundary line; thence southeasterly on said boundary line to the range line, between ranges 14 and 15 east of the 4th principal meridian; thence south on said range line to the 4th correction line; thence east on the said correc- tion line to the northeast corner of township 40 of range 14 east; thence south on range line between ranges 14 and 15 to the southeast corner of township 34, range 14 east; thence west on the town line between town- ships 33 and 34 to the northeast corner of township 33, range 12 east; thence south on range line between ranges 12 and 13 to the third correction line; thence west on said correction line to the northeast corner of township 30, north, range 12 and 13 east, to the town line between townships 29 and 30; thence west on said town line to the place of beginning. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 13 POWERS AND PRIVILEGES OF COUNTY. Section 3 of the act creating Langlade County specifi- cally granted all rights, powers and privileges legally granted other counties to Langlade. Section 4 stipu- lated that within ten days after passage and publica- tion of the act of organization Governor J. M. Rusk shall appoint in and for Langlade County all officials excepting the Chairman and members of the County Board. County officers appointed were to hold offices until the first Monday in January, 1883, until their succes- sors were elected and qualified. County Superintend- ent and County Judge held office until the first Monday in Janu- ary, 1882. SALARIES OF FIRST COUNTY OFFICERS. The salaries of the first officers of Lang- lade County were fix- ed as follows : Coun- ty Clerk)— $600; County Treasurer — $600; County Judge —$100; County Su- perintendent o f Schools— $300 ; Dis- trict Attorney— $100. The first Langlade County officers were : County Judge — J. W. Morse; District At- torney — George W. Latta; Circuit Judge — George H. Meyers of Appleton; Clerk of Court— D. S. Olm- sted; Sheriff — Charles Herman; County Clerk — J. J. Simpson; County Treasurer — F. A. Deleglise; County Supt. of Schools — George Ratcliffe; Register of Deeds — R Gee ; Coroner 41 and fractional part township 42 of ranges 11 and 12 east; Carpenter township consisted of townships 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 and fractional township 41 of ranges 13 and 14 east. A study of the map of Wisconsin indicates that the towns enumerated extended to the state boundary and included parts of Forest, Oneida and Vilas Counties, as they now exist. The county was not permitted to raise more than $1,500 in any one of the first five years. FIRST TOWN MEETINGS. The first annual town meetings were held strictly ac- cording to legal pro- visions. Norwood and Rolling town- ships held their first assemblages in places previously provided by the Shawano Board. township County Antigo held its JOHN JANSEN OF NORWOOD TOWNSHIP. Elected first Chairman of Langlade County Board, May, 1881. G. Webb; Surveyor- Dr. J. H. Dawley. -Harvey first meeting in the old log store of Niels Anderson. Polar township held its meeting at the quaint farm house of Moritz Muller, section 16, township 31, lange 12 east. Carpenter township conducted its first annual meet- ing at the Charles Van Zile residence, lot two, rcction 31, township 36, range 13 east. The farm house of Louis Motz- feldt was the scene of the first town meeting in Gagen township. Motz- feldt's place was lo- cated at Freeden- land, near Post Lake, on section 26, town- ship 35, range 12 east. TOWNSHIP LIMITS. Langlade County was divided into six townships, Rolling, Norwood, Antigo, Polar, Carpenter and Gagen. Rolling consisted of township 30, N. of Range 11 east; Norwood consisted of township 30 North of Range 12, east; Antigo township consisted of townships 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 37, all of range 11 east; Polar town- ship consisted of townships 31, 32 and 33 North of Range 12 east and townships 34 of ranges 12, 13 and 14 east; Gagen township consisted of townships 35, 36 and 37 North of range 12 east and township 38, 39, 40, COUNTY SUPERVISORS MEET . The first County Board meeting was held at Niels Anderson's store on the first Tuesday in May, 1881. As Langlade County was a vast wilderness, extending to the state line, it was difficult for the more remote Su- pervisors to get to the county seat to attend this his- toric session. These were days before the advent of the railroad. Indian trails and tote roads were few and the country used as many oxen as horses. Never- the-less these delegates of the hardy pioneer home- steaders diligently attended to their duties at the cru- cial moments when the moulding of a county destined 14 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. to lead Upper Wisconsin in many diversified indus- tries was in the making. The Supervisors present at the first session were Dan Gagen of Gagen township; J. Jansen of Norwood town- ship; James Quinn of Rolling township; A. Van Zile of Carpenter township; J. Schufeldt of Polar township and V. Simmons of Antigo township. Mr. Jansen was elected first Chairman of the Board. BONDS OF OFFICIALS FIXED. The oath of office was administered by Niels Ander- son, who climbed the rough stairs leading to the sec- ond floor of his log cabin, to act. The first act of the Supervisors was to fix the bond of county officers in the following sums: County Clerk — $5,000; County Surveyor— $1,000; County Superintendent— $1,000; THE FIRST COURT HOUSE. Until the county provided suitable buildings it was necessary to hold court, board meetings and house of- ficials in the tiny hall and dingy rooms over the old Niels Anderson store. The hall was plainly furnish- ed with "three tables, four common chairs and two rocking chairs." These quarters cost $250 annually. But the progress of Langlade County was the inspir- ing motive of its pioneer builders and immediate plans were made for a court house. The county seat was at once officially established by ordinance on the west I2 of the NW I4 of Section 29, Township 31 N, Range 11 E. A. Van Zile and James Quinn, Supervisors, and three citizens at large — Charles Herman, archi- tect, Henry St. Louis and George Ratcliffe, were se- lected to draft specifications and ascertain feasible Langlade County Court House, erected in I'.iUJ at a cost of $71,080. Sheriff— $5,000; Clerk of Court— $5,000; Register of Deeds— $3,000; District Attorney— $1,000. FIRST COUNTY AGENT— FIRST COMMITTEES. The first County Board appointed George D. Rat- cliffe, "A committee to act as Purchasing Agent." The resolution, introduced by Supervisor V. Simijions, gave the Purchasing Agent power to "purchase and contract for all books, blanks, safes, stationery, fuel, furniture, lights, etc., for the use of county officers as provided by law." He was authorized and did secure a county seal for county officers and courts. Bills and con- tracts rendered were reported by Mr. Ratcliffe at the first session thereafter. • He was retained until May 19, 1881. Chairman Jansen appointed five committees as fol- lows : Finance — Dan Gagen, A. Van Zile and V. Sim- mons; Pauper Accounts — James Quinn and V. Sim- mons; Sheriff, Constable's and Justice's Claims — J. Schufeldt and Dan Gagen; Public Property — Dan Gag- en and A. Van Zile; Roads and Bridges — James Quinn and Dan Gagen. plans for securing funds to erect a court house. The committee reported in June, 1881, proposing a $5,000 building. The board delayed the matter until August, 1881, when they adopted the committee's report to erect a court house at $3,000. Immediate steps were taken to prepare for the contractor, E. A. Stickney. The court house square was cleared of dead trees, de- cayed windfalls and brush. Three county bonds of $1,000 denominations bearing 8 per cent interest an- nually were issued and $500 was at once levied as a di- rect tax to pay interest charges. The building com- mittee, James Quinn, G. W. Latta, Eli Waste, V. Sim- mons and G. D. Ratcliffe, was appointed August 4, 1881. The first court house was completed in May, 1882. THE PRESENT COURT HOUSE. Langlade County, making wonderful development each decade, since 1879, needed a modern court house to keep in accord with its growth otherwise. The first court house served continuously for over a quarter of a century. The present commodious court house was HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 15 erected by the Prince Construction Co., Minneapolis, Minn., and accepted March 30, 1905, on recommenda- tion of L. E. Frederickson, County Superintendent of Construction. The first proposal to build came in November 1903. On January 19, 1904, a remonstrance signed by many citizens urged the erection of a build- ing not to exceed $60,000 in costs. George W. Hill, John Byrne, M. D. Besse, Chris Wunderlich and H. C. Stewart, building committee, succeeded in having the archiect lower the cost $28,000. Three separate bids were called for February 16, 1904. District Attorney Max Hoffman, John Byrne, Geo. W. Hill, T. W. Hogan, Edward Cleary, committeemen, se- lected to approve plans and specifications, recommend- ed a court house not to cost more than $75,000. The third committee was then appointed consisting of Leonard Frieburger, Sr., Chris Wunderlich, George W. Hill and H. C. Stewart. New plans were secured and a contract was virtually entered into with Schmidt Bros, of Superior, when the entire project was thrown back to the place of beginning. The Prince Construction Company was paid $71,080 for the court house. The building committee in charge of the work was composed of the following: L. D. Hartford, John Byrne, W. J. Knott and L. F. Culver. Kinney & Detweiler of Minneapolis were the archi- tects. V. P. Rath, County Clerk, and R. J. Morgan, Chairman of the County Board, for the county and C. E. Prince, President of the Prince Construction Com- pany signed the contract. District Attorney Hoffman and A. J. Nowotny were signatory witnesses. Port Wing Brown stone was used in body construc- tion. The two base courses are made of raindrop stone. The court house contains the office of Munici- pal Judge, Circuit Judge, court room, offices of Clerk of Court, Court Reporter, Register of Deeds, County Judge, Superintendent of Schools, County Treasurer, Highway Commissioner, County Clerk and law library. It is situated in block 13, City of Antigo. It is sur- rounded by the most beautiful park in Langlade County. LANGLADE COUNTY JAILS. The first County Board passed an ordinance select- ing James Quinn, J. Jansen and J. Schufeldt as a com- mittee to draw plans and let a contract for building a "lock-up or jail" for Langlade County. It was speci- fied that the jail not exceed $150 in costs and should be erected in the court yard. The committee enter- ed into a contract with J. W. Morse, Norwood town- ship, June 15, 1881, for the erection of a log jail 16x20 feet and nine feet high. Lumber and shingles were purchased from F. A. Deleglise and paid for out of the $150. What was left went to contractor Morse. James Quinn accepted the jail for Langlade County, in Au- gust, 1881. It cost $4.00 to clear the land of trees, de- bris and brush before the erection of this rude jail. Antigo grew miraculously from 1879 to 1886. As a consequence law enforcement became more hazardous and law breakers became more numerous. The old jail was inadequate. It did not provide for a Sheriff's residence. Pat Murphy of Deerbrook, a character of pioneer days, when confined in the log jail for some trivial of- fense, would climb over the transom over the door and run up to 5th Avenue through the woods, shouting that the jail was on fire. The old volunteers would rush to the log jail put out the fire, presumably started by Pat, and return to their routine work. This demon- strates the security of the first jail. January 9, 1885, Charles Gowan, Henry Peters, Wal- ter Guile, E. Raddatz, and Joseph Duchac were select- ed from the County Board as a building committee to erect a new jail. Bids were received until February 4, 1885. The contract for a two story combined jail and Sheriff's residence was let to J. E. Clancy for ■$6,884. $7,000 in bonds of $500 denominations were issued by the county at 7 per cent interest for ten years to meet the cost. The new jail was accepted by the final committee, Ed. Daskam, E. R. Van Buran and W. H. Dawley, January 1, 1886. The cells were placed by Pauly Jail Bldg. & Supply Co., St. Louis, Mo. The Sheriff is the custodian of the county jail. TERRITORIAL CHANGES— 1881 TO 1885. The territorial changes affecting Langlade County were made between 1883 and 1885. The legislature detached the territory in ranges 13 and 14 and the west 12 sections of township 31 from Shawano County, known as the Lost Nation and attached the same to Langlade County in 1883. Territory cut from Lang- lade County by the Provisions of Chapter 7, laws of 1881, was also attached to Langlade County. In 1885 the state legislature again directed the territory in township 31, range 14 and 15 east, known as the Lost Nation be detached from Shawano County and attach- ed to Langlade County. In 1885, Chapter 436, laws of Wisconsin, detached territory in ranges 9 and 10 from Lincoln County and attached the same to Lang- lade County (Ackley, Peck, Upham and Summit town- ships.) Forest County was created in 1885 from the territory north of the present northern Langlade Coun- ty boundary. For the story of "The Lost Nation and its Chiefs" consult the history of Langlade township. The County Board on February 7, 1882, met in spe- cial session and passed a resolution opposing any changes and attempted disturbances in boundary lines and declared itself not in favor either of detachments or additions of territory to Langlade County. January 10, 1883, a similar resolution was passed after intro- duction by Supervisor H. Peters. Copies were sent to Assemblymen and Senators. BOUNDARY ERROR IN STATUTES. Chapter 2, section 5, paragraph 5, Wisconsin Laws of 1898, gives a description of Langlade County com- mencing at the southwest corner of township 31, range 9 east and describing Langlade County correct with this exception: "thence south on section lines to the township line between townships 30 and 31 ; thence west to the place of beginning. This description cut off Norwood and Rolling townships. It was not dis- covered and changed until 1907 when E. F. Nelson, Rolling township, represented Langlade County in the Assembly. Legally Assemblyman Nelson did not represent Langlade County because he was a resident of a township that for nine years was inadvertantly cut off from the county. 16 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER VI. Financial and Official Early County Finances — Comparative Statement Ten Year Period — The County Officials from 1881-1922. While the early records of Langlade County were not, at all times complete, and were in certain instances im- properly kept, in fact some reports were never record- ed while others were at times crude and unintelligible, yet one can present a comparative statement of finan- cial conditions of Langlade County since 1880 to 1920, ten year periods to date. The principal source of revenue of Langlade County Treasurer, and from it the reader can gain an idea of the amount of county business during that period. The report is as follows : 1881. LANGLADE COUNTY DEBTOR: July 28 — To drainage money from state $1,934.54 GEORGE \V. LATTA. First .'\ttorney to locate in Langlade County. Selected first District .\ttorney in 1881. has and continues to be by direct tax levies. The re- October 28 — To suit tax received from Clerk ceipts and disbursements of the county are an interest- of Court 1-00 ing key to the progress and growth of the county since November 28 — To fines received from Justice its organization. Mendlik 50.00 The first financial report of the county was made, November 18, 1881, by Eli Waste, Deputy County Total Receipts $1,985.54 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 17 CREDIT: August 14. — Paid Drainage money to Town of Carpenter $1,218.16 August 19 — Paid drainage money to Town of Polar 95.81 September 16 — Paid drainage money to Town of Gagen 50.00 September 6 — Paid drainage money to Town of Antigo 470.57 Total disbursements $1,834.54 Balance on hand on date of settlements with county settlement committee. District Attorney George W. Latta, James Schufeldt and James Quinn, $151.00, which was presented to the committee and "same was counted and found to be correct." The county tax levy for all county purposes for the year 1882 was $11,213.48. Compare that levy with $340,461.71, the tax levy for county purposes in 1921. Receipts and disbursemens of Langlade County from all sources from 1880 to 1922 are given as follows for the ten-year periods. Year. Receipts. Disbursements. 1880 $ 1,985.54 $ 1,834.54 1890 50,577.42 46,973.60 1900 116,119.84 114,605.47 1910 159,489.75 110,968.63 1920 499,630.87 478,921.58 1921 555,190.28 536,422.28 The balance on hand at the first of the year, 1922, in the office of County Treasurer John Callahan was $18,768.00. Compare that with the balance of $151.00 of 1881. COUNTY OFFICERS— 1881-1922. * (Present incumbent.) CIRCUIT JUDGES. George H. Meyers— 1881-1891 ; John S. Goodland— 1891-1915; Edgar V. Werner— 1915-1922.- MUNICIPAL JUDGES. F. J. Finucane— 1891-1895; M. M. Ross— 1895-1899 John E. Martin— 1899-1906; W. F. White— 1906-1910 John A. Ogden— 1910-1912; T. W. Hogan— 1912-1919 Arthur Goodrick— 1919-1922.* COUNTY JUDGES. J. W. Morse— 1881-83; John E. Martin— 1883-86; Eli Waste— 1886-92; A. C. Conway— 1892-94; M. G. Flan- nagan— 1894-1902; J. W. Parsons— 1902-22.* DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. George W. Latta— 1881-84; J. H. Trever— 1885-87; T. McCarthy— 1887-88; George L. Schintz— 1889-91 ; T. W. Hogan— 1892-96; J. E. Martin— 1896-98; T. W. Hogan— 1898-1900; H. F. Morson— 1901-02; Max Hoffman— 1903-04; Henry Hay— 1905-12; C. J. Te- Selle— 1913-18; A. N. Whiting— 1919-20; T. J. Reinert —1921-22.* CIRCUIT COURT REPORTERS. F. S. Bradford— 1889-1908; William Kriess-1908- 22.* (If any cases were tried before 1889, W. C. Kim- ball, first, and then Robert Sawyer were the official re- porters.) SHERIFFS. Charles E. Herman— 1881-83; D. F. Butler— 1883- 84; George W. Hill— 1885-86; T. H. Robbins— 1887- 88; George Wunderlich— 1889-91 ; Jerome Gallagher— 1891-92; J. B. McCormick— 1892-93; James McHale— 1894-96; C. H. Thompson— 1897-98; A. R. Billings— 1899-1900; A. M. Boll— 1901-02; H. J. Seamon— 1903- 04; John Driggs— 1905-06; Joseph Spoerl— 1907-08; C. E. Jones— 1909-11; Joseph Spoerl— 1911-12; C. E. Jones— 1913-14; Thos. Ford— 1915-16; Ed. Buchen— 1917-18; Louis Porlier— 1919-20; Ed. Buchen— 1921- 22.* COUNTY CLERKS. J. J. Simpson— 1881-82; J. Jansen— 1883-85; A. B. Millard— 1885-86; F. Hayssen— 1887-93; Henry Strauss— 1894-96; Henry Smith— 1896-98; Fred Hay- ssert— 1899-1902; V. P. Rath— 1902-22.* REGISTERS OF DEEDS. R. G. Webb— 1881-83; M. M. Ross— 1883-86; Henry Smith— 1887-90; John Menting— 1891-94; George W. Bemis— 1895-98; J. W. Parsons— 1899-1900; William Reader— 1901-08; H. A. Friedeman— 1909-22.* COUNTY TREASURERS. F. A. Deleglise— 1881-83; H. A. Kohl— 1884-86; J C. Lewis— 1887-89; C. H. Larzelere— 1889-90 ; F. P Kennedy— 1891-94; S. W. Chamberlain— 1895-97 .Tames McHale— 1899-1902; A. P. Church— 1903-07 Frank Dvorak— 1908-1911 ; Henry P. Ings— 1912-15; John Callahan— 1915-22.* ASSEMBLYMEN. Herman Nabei'— 1879-81 ; George W. De Lano— 1881-83; Alex Brazeau— 1883-85; Wm. H. Young— 1885-87; Charles F. Hall— 1887-89; L. S. Baily— 1889- 91; E. A. Edmonds— 1891-93; F. A. Deleglise— 1893- 95; George W. Latta— 1895-99; John McGreer— 1899- 1901; Leroy McGill— 1901-03; R. J. Morgan— 1903-05 ; E. F. Nelson— 1905-07; Wm. Reader— 1907-11 ; Ed- ward Nordman— 1911-19; F. J. Olmsted— 1919-21 ; B. W. Rynders— 1921-22.* CLERKS OF THE CIRCUIT COURT. D. S. Olmsted— 1881-84; Charles Teipner— 1884; A. D. Rice— 1885-86; T. H. Ward— 1886-95; E. A. Peterson— 1895-98; A. J. Nowotny— 1899-22.* MUNICIPAL COURT REPORTERS. Robert Zobel — Miss Gertrude Tibitts — James Gagen — Clarence 01k.* 18 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER VII. Taverns, Old Stopping Places, Hotels Famous Log Cabins — Ranches — Stopping Places On Lake Superior Trail — Old Dutch Frank Place At Strauss Crossing — Military Road Stopping Places — Early Antigo Hotels Hotels. Present Antigo The story of the lumberman's conquest of eastern Langlade County would not be complete without a chapter on the old stopping places and "log cabins" that dotted the Lake Superior Trail and Military Road between 1860 and 1885. The first stopping place was erected by "Old Dutch Frank," a jovial fellow, whose surname cannot be found, even pioneers, who have been fifty years in Langlade County have not known his identiy. "Old were erected in 1874. The partnership continued un- til 1880, when Mr. Hill continued alone. He sold to Mr. Whitehouse, who in turn sold to Mark Roax. It was here that Arthur Janes, a boy of seventeen years, was employed by Christopher Hill and from the cabins he wooed and won the hand of Miss Jeannie Hill, youngest daughter of Landlord Hill. On February 13, 1879, they drove from the cabins to Shawano, where the nuptial ceremony was performed. THE I.Oc; CABINS OX MILITARY RO.AD— ERECTED IN ISTl. The man standing at tin- left of the third cabin from the left is Christopher Hill, proprietor. Opposite him at the right of the office door of this cabin is Mrs. Christopher Hill. To her right is Jennie Hill, a daughter — now Mrs. .Arthur Janes. Her sister, Lovina Hill, stands at her right. The other lady is not known. Horace Rice is standing back of the great log and just in front of the cook cabin and dining room (fourth cabin from the left.) Over to the left where the two teams are resting can be seen Matt Bray and Leander Choate, pioneer lumbermen of Oshkosh, Wis. They are seated in the cutter. The snow covers the military road that passed in front of the cabins. Seymour Mills of Shawano is watering the horses. Note the hemlock boughs on the second and third cabins. These boughs were used to keep (nit the wild blasts of the north winds that cut in from the tops of the giant trees in the background. Dutch Frank" settled on section 17, Township 33, range 13 east, near Lily. He had his stopping place on the Lake Superior Trail. Christopher Hill and Horace Rice had a stopping place or "log cabins" just off the Menominee Indian Reservation on section 31, township 31, range 15 east. This place was popular with woodsmen and became a tourist resort of renown. Visitors came to it from the Atlantic coast and from points in southern United States. Fishing and hunting in the Oconto and Ever- green river territory was the attraction for these folks. Thus the Hill and Rice cabins became the first of northern Wisconsin fishing resorts. The cabins, three in number, all one story structures. George Gardner, full blooded Stockbridge Indian, owned a stopping place, first on the old Lake Superior Trail, located on section 26, township 31, range 14 east and later on the Military Road on section 30, township 31, range 15 east. His first stopping place on the trail was used until the Military Road was built. This ar- tery diverted traffic from the trail and Gardner built his second place. He stayed on the Military Road some time, taking in transients, lumbermen, derelicts, and prospectors, and then sold to Amessey Smith, who in 1878 sold to Chris Wheeler. Gardner then went back to the Indian Reservation. Charles Larzelere, early settler in the Wolf river country, opened a ranch or stopping place in 1872 at HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 19 Langlade on section 10, township 31, range 14 east. The same year John Yates, an easterner, came to Lang- lade County and opened a stopping place one hundred rods down the Wolf River from the Larzelere place on section 10, township 31, range 14 east. Robert Gil- ray bought the place from Mr. Yates and he in turn sold to Albert Wood. Amessey Smith had a stop- ping place on section 27, township 33, range 13 east near Lily. Henry Strauss, an intelligent merchant and trader, compelled to flee from Germany because of his con- nection with the rebellion of 1848 engaged in import- ing, mercantile and saw mill businesses in America. He failed because of poor collections. Then he went into the upper Wolf river country hoping never to see another white man. This was in 1867. He pur- chased the "Old Dutch Frank" stopping place and for in this chain of stopping places stretching from Shaw- ano to Lac Vieux Desert at state line. William Johnson and Henry Strauss, partners. Hi. Polar and Louis Motzfeldt, proprietors of stopping places, were also Indian traders. The early log cabins, ranches and stopping places between 1863 and 1885 served the lumbermen and set- tlers for years before the arrival of the railroad. When cattle, oxen and supplies were sent north from Shaw- ano and Green Bay to the Michigan copper region the old Lake Superior Trail was very picturesque. For many days cattle would slowly move over the rough trail, while convoyed by sturdy cattlemen mounted on fleet steeds or pushing forward afoot. These early stopping places, while roughly con- structed of logs, were very comfortable and cheerful, in spite of their great distance from civilization. In win- jjBISiliMli.lllifflW^^ First accommodation for travelers was provided for in 1879 by Niels Anderson, whose "hotel" is shown above. The Springbrook House was erected but a short time later. years before and after the building of the Military Road was its proprietor. Wm. Johnson of Marinette was associated with Henry Strauss for a while. Hi. Polar erected a stopping place on section 34, township 34, range 12 east at Pickerel Creek. Both the Strauss and Polar places were originally on the Lake Superior Trail, which route crossed the Wolf river at the Henry Strauss place. Fred Dodge built a stopping place at "Nine Mile Creek," now HoUister, located on section 19, town- ship 32, range 14 east in 1877. The only stopping places or log cabins on the Lake Superior Trail before the construction of the Military Road were the Old Dutch Frank and the George Gard- ner places. Other stopping places, it is true, were built on the trail route, but not until after the coming of the Military Road, which followed the course of the trail in many places. The Mag Law stopping place at Keshena, the James Law place at 5 Island, north of Keshena, Indian reser- vation village, and John Corn's Indian log cabin were ter evenings, when the wild north gale sent its chilly blasts against the moss covered logs, the pioneers would gather in the main cabin for merriment and en- tertainment. Thus the log cabins and stopping places played an important part in laying the foundation for the great progress made in opening up to the outside world the resources of Langlade County. EARLY ANTIGO HOTELS AND TAVERNS. Although the Teipner Hotel, commonly known as the Springbrook House, was erected in 1879 it was not the first accommodation for travelers in the village. Almost at once after Niels Anderson came to Antigo he provided sleeping rooms in the second log house he erected in 1879. True, it was not exclusive, but was cheerful and weary settlers and transients were always welcome and were given a warm hand by the genial landlord. Julius and Charles Teipner came to Antigo in 1879 from Oshkosh. They erected the Springbrook House, 20 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. now Market Square Hotel. This was the first Antigo hotel, and for years was the headquarters for drivers, lumbermen and teams going into the eastern part of the county for the spring log drives. The original hotel was of logs. The Twin Valley Inn was built in 1880 and has al- most dropped from the memory of early pioneers. While in existence it was the largest structure in An- tigo. Its life was short as it burned down six months after it was built. S. L. Waite was proprietor and owner. The hotel was located on the southeast corn- er of 5th Avenue at Superior Street. The important historical fact connected with the Twin Valley Inn was the first social gathering between the county supervisors and the citizens of Antigo. May 3, 1881, the citizens of Antigo, anxious to extend to the county solons an appropriate welcome, charac- teristic of the spirit of the village, presented a writ- ten invitation to the county supervisors in which "they took pleasure in soliciting their attendance at the viand board of the Twin Valley Inn at 5.30 o'clock this eve- ning." The invitation was signed by George W. Lat- ta, F. A. Deleglise and George Ratcliffe. It is suffi- cient to state that the meeting was a harmonious one and paved the way for amiability and mutual helpful- ness between city and county. We shall observe, how- ever, that in the fight to incorporate Antigo as a city that this mutual cooperation was broken by a battle of political retorts, charges and counter charges issued by enemy and friend of incorporation. The last logs of the Niels Anderson boarding house were razed and the old relic of pioneer days gave way to a frame structure after five years of service. Other important early hotels were : Charles Raesse hotel, west of the A. Goldberg Store, built in 1882 and ran successively by Charles Raesse, "Big Nels," An- drew Anderson and J. Hatley, who sold to I. Suick. It was once known as The Waverly and now is called The Club. The Antigo House was located on the corner of 5th Avenue and Edison street, present site of A. Gold- berg's store. It was opened in 1883 by R. H. Mc- Mullen. After years of service in which changes were made in ownership, it finally burned. It was the largest Antigo hotel in 1886 when operated by P. J. Koelzer and John Mullowney. R. Warren, following the railroad from Aniwa, came to Antigo in 1881 and built a frame hotel on the site of the present Antigo Hotel, Morse street and Sixth Avenue. It was owned and managed by Walter Guile and J. W. Pitcher, and finally torn down. A part still stands, however, and was for years used as the Pabst Brewing Company headquarters in Antigo. Ben Spencer came to Antigo from Maine state in 1882 and erected a two story frame hotel on the pres- ent site of the Geo. W. Hill building, 5th Avenue. Here he conducted a hotel until his property was pur- chased by George W. Hill. Mr. Hill conducted it as the Hoo! Hoo! Hotel. D. P. Corbett, a Mr. Garvey and Jos. DuBois managed it under Mr. Hill. It was called the Windsor Hotel before torn down to make way for the Hill building, two story brick structure. The Lake Shore House was built in 1884 on the site of the present Hoffman House. It has been con- tinually under the management of Joseph Hoffman and Frank Hoffman. In 1903 the hotel was rebuilt and re- modeled into a three story hotel, one of the best in Upper Wisconsin. The name was changed from The Lake Shore House to The Hoffman House in 1893 when the M. L. S. & W. Ry. was sold to the C. & N. W. Ry. Co. The Winn or Central Hotel was opened in May, 1890, by Lowell A. Winn. For years it was used as a Y. M. C. A. and for a time was vacant. It is now managed by John Hanousek, Jr., and is known as The Hanousek Hotel. Arthur Koch man- aged it when it was called the Kasson Hotel. Original- ly a two story frame building, it is now brick veneer- ed. It is located at the intersection of 5th Avenue and Lincoln street. The Langlade House was moved into Antigo from the Edward Cody corner, Langlade Road intersection at east 5th Avenue and has been operated by J. Jenss, Citizens Brewing Company, Wm. Berner, Joseph Spoerl, J. Fleischmann, Jos. Zoern, purchased by W. A. Maertz and sold since to John Benes, who conducts it under the name. Northern Hotel. The American House is conducted by Hon. B. W. Rynders, present Assemblyman, and is a two story structure located on 5th Avenue. It is well manag- ed and enjoys a good patronage. The Vivian Hotel, now the Schneiter Hotel, was built in October, 1887, by E. N. Mellor, W. W. Hutch- inson and A. W. Larsen. It has operated almost con- tinually since. In 1920 it was purchased by E. F. Schneiter who has remodeled it. D. P. Corbett ran it for a number of years before 1920. It was once known as the Farrell House. E. N. Mellor, ore of its builders, killed himself in the hotel. The Hotel Martiny was purchased by Hynek Mar- tiny in 1901 from John Sipek, who ran it for a number of years before then. The Bacon House is located on west Edison street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues and is operated and owned by Charles Bacon. The Market Square Hotel is the oldest Antigo hotel. William Reader has been its proprietor since 1911. He has remodeled and made extensive additions. The Hotel Antigo, 6th Avenue and Morse Street, was erected by Paul Von de Schoeppe, a chiropractor, who conducted a school of Chiropractics in the building, 1912. Von de Schoeppe went into bankruptcy and W. E. Butterfield came into possession of the build- ing, which he still owns. The Hotel Butterfield was built in 1899 by John Friend, who had been a passenger conductor out of Antigo. He sold the hotel to Charles Long of Mer- rill in November, 1903. Mr. Long conducted it un- der the name of Hotel Friend until 1905, when he sold to W. E. Butterfield. Mr. Butterfield changed the name to the Butterfield Hotel. He remained proprie- tor for thirteen years until 1919 when he retired from active management. It is now conducted by R. T. Marson, able and experienced hotel man. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 21 CHAPTER VIII. Indian Trails, Roads, Transportation Old Lake Superior Trail — Tote Roads — Oxen Carts — Famous Military Road — Wholesale Grants Of Public Lands — Land And Timber Conspiracy — Pioneer Life Along the Military Road — First Road Appropriation — First Road Petition — State Trunk Lines — State Aid Roads — High- way Commissioners. The old Roman roads marked a development and extent of civilization of an ancient people who de- pended upon transportation facilities as important to their welfare. Good roads are characteristic of a progressive people. The first roads in Langlade County in 1853 when the first white man erected a log cabin on the Eau Claire river were nothing but Indian trails. No such a thing as a tote road could be found then. The first settlers came into the county afoot or on horse back along the Indian trails. Some followed the courses of the Wolf and Eau Claire rivers. The Indian trails ran from place to place over the best, but not the shortest route. They were used be- fore the government survey and therefore followed a course irrespective of section lines. The early pioneer "blazed" his trail by barking a tree here and there along his journey.^ Indian trails in Langlade County ran through the following township sections : Southwest and northeast in township 34, range 9 east; through sections 34, 24, 22, 15, 16, 9 and 4, north of Ackley's trading and log- ging camp in township 31, range 10 east; township 34, north of range 12 east, had Indian trails running through sections 36, 35, 26, 22, 15, 10, 3 and 4. A trail ran northwest in township 34, range 11 east, in township 32, range 13 east, through township 33, range 13 east and township 31 range 14 east running through sections 36, 35, 34, 33, 32, 31 and 30. These trails were used for many years even as late as 1885. The main Indian trail from Oconto to Wau- sau was used frequently. Ackley's trail in Ackley town- ship and the Pickerel Creek trail were adjuncts to it. THE LAKE SUPERIOR TRAIL. Farmer's sectional map of Wisconsin, published in 1866 shows a trail beginning in township 31, Range 14 East and running in the same general direction as Wolf River on its west side. This trail crossed the Wolf River in section 28, Township 33, Range 13 East and continued to an Indian village at Lake He Nosheca, Pickerel Lake of today. On the east side of Wolf River a trail started in the middle of section 14, Township 30, Range 15 East. It crossed the east end of Pickerel Creek and ran un- certainly among the northern lakes to Lac Vieux Desert and beyond. The famous old Lake Superior Trail was used only during the winter months to haul mail and drive cat- tle and supplies to the great copper mines of Michigan. The trail started at Shawano and followed the west side of the Wolf River north to the state boundary line. Two of the first stopping places in Langlade County were located on the trail (before the building of the Military Road.) Much of the old route was impassable during the summer. It was built in the years 1861-62. It ran straight north to White Lake and followed the west bank of the Wolf River, cross- ing to the east side of the river in section 17, town- ship 33, Range 13 East, at what is commonly known as the "Henry Strauss Crossing." The trail then ran between Twin Lakes in the northwestern part of Town- ship 33, Range 13 East, entered township 34, Range 12 East, crossed Pickerel Creek and then continued on to Rockland, Michigan. When the pine hunter penetrated Langlade County it was urgent that he be in contact with his base of supplies, usually at Wausau, Appleton or Shawano. This opened the "tote" road era. The hardy lum- berjack cut out a narrow path, barely accessible for the yokes of oxen and horses. These roughly cleared tote roads were used to haul provisions to the log driv- ers' camps in the pine timber belt. Straightening of roads did not begin in the county until long after the section lines were surveyed. The old trails of the Indians were gradually forced out of existence. Even the tote road is a thing of the past. THE MILITARY ROAD. The famous Military Road is one of the most his- toric subjects of Langlade County. It was built to "transport military forces from Fort Howard, Green Bay, Wis., to Fort Wilkins, Keweenaw County, Michi- gan." Sympathy of higher classes and government officials in England was in favor of the Confederacy at the outset of the Civil War. "They have made an army — more than that they are making a Nation," said Gladstone, British statesman. Britian's financiers purchased $10,000,000.00 worth of Confederate bonds in the spring of 1863 when the cause of the South looked favorable. The North had no way of trans- porting troops from the interior to the Canadian line in the event of trouble with the Indians, spurred on by friends of the South. Thus on March 3, 1863, Congress passed an act ap- proving the construction of a military road from the points mentioned. Public lands were granted to Wis- consin and Michigan to aid in construction. The Wisconsin legislature, April 4, 1864, accepted the grant of land and Commissioners were appointed by the state to lay out the said road, advertise for bids 1 — There is a birch tree growing on section 14, Township 32, Range 13 East on which United States surveyors placed the date 1866. 22 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. and let the contract to the lowest bidder. All work was paid for in grants of land, three sections for each mile of completed road. James M. Wintlow secured the road contract from the Commissioners on August 24, 1864. He trans- ferred it over to the U. S. Military Road Company, a corporation, organized under Wisconsin laws. This company assigned the contract to Jackson Hadley, transfer being approved by the legislature. March 2, 1867, Hadley died. He had completed thirty miles , of the road from Fort Howard. Ninety sections of land were turned over to Mrs. Augusta Hadley, wife, and administratrix of the deceased's affairs. July 30, 1867, the administratrix turned over the 90 sections of land granted her by the state to A. G. Crowell. Previously, on July 18, 1867, Mrs. Hadley entered into a contract with John W. Babcock, A. G. Crowell and G. N. Fletch- er, assigning to them all interest in the road not con- structed. John W. Babcock entered into a contract with the Commissioners August 24, 1868, to construct the in- completed road in accordance with terms made out with Jackson Hadley. Meanwhile Congress extend- ed the time of completion of the road from August 24, 1868 to March 1, 1870. Babcock completed 52i2 miles of the road by January 1, 1869. He then en- tered a contract with Alanson J. Fox and Abijah Wes- ton of Painted Post, N. Y., giving them half interest in the road incompleted. On February 20, 1870, the Commissioners certified to Governor Fairchild that Babcock, Fox & West had completed the unconstruct- ed portion of the road commencing one-half mile from the 82nd mile post and ending on the state line, sec- tion 5, township 42, north of range 11 east, within time limited by Congress. Amolons G. Crowell and heirs were granted 38,017.17 acres of land in Langlade County (then part of Ocon- to County) in even numbered sections. The Military Road enters Langlade County in sec- tion 32, township 31, range 15 east, runs in a north- west course through Elton, Langlade and Ainsworth townships, entering Forest County from section 4, township 34, range 12 east. More than any other wagon road, "the old militaire" opened up a vast ex- panse of the Wolf River country to early traders and stimulated and increased the momentum of the great lumbering industry in eastern Langlade County. While the stated intent of the Military Road was for military purposes in defense of the nation, old Langlade County woodsmen, who worked in the pineries for Ex-Senator Philetus Sawyer and other well known Wisconsin lumber kings of a half century ago, refute this. They insist that the Military Road was a land and timber conspiracy. PIONEER SETTLERS OF 1880. Most of Whom Settled Along the Historic Military Road. The historic Military Road opened up the wild north to a great number of new setders. By February, 1880, New County h^d approximately seven hundred settlers. Their names are given herewith from the original census as taken then. Because most of them were in the eastern section of New County, with a fair number in Norwood and Springbrook (Antigo) townships, they are given in this section as follows : — Joseph Cruger, Mrs. Joseph Cruger, Mrs. M. A. Scott, Jane E. Scott, Mary C. Scott, May Scott, Loly Scott, Agnes Scott, Joseph Quimbey, Mrs. J. Quimbey, Min- nie Quimbey, George Scott, Mrs. M. Scott, Hattie Scott, George Sherin, Mrs. George Sherin, George Sherin, Jr., John Emiland, Mrs. John Emiland, Hatty Emiland, A. 0. D. Kelly, Mrs. A. O. D. Kelly, Alsina Kelly, James Brenan, Pat Byrnes, Emil Brenan, Mrs. Pat Byrnes, James Atwood, James Atwood, Jr., Mary Atwood, Eugene Toplin, Alexander McMartin, Mrs. A. McMartin, Bur McMartin, Daniel McMartin, Mrs. Elizabeth O'Connor, Charles O'Connor, Peter O'Con nor, James O'Connor, Mary O'Connor, Dominic Gold- en, Mrs. M. Golden, Bridget Golden, Anna Hughes, Robert Sheriff, Joseph Sheriff, Anna Sheriff, Charles Sheriff, Nicholas Hawley, Robert Webster, Mrs. Ro- bert Webster, John Jones, Josephine Eldridtre, Mrs. J. Eldridge, Thomas Eldridge, Mr. and Mrs. "Doc" 01m- stead, Harry Olmstead, W. J. Olmstead, Caroline Olmstead, Susan Olmstead, Charles Beemer and wife, Eurica Beemer, James Beemer, William Beemer, Eras- tus Beemer, Rauf Beemer, Walter Beemer, Robert Beemer, H. E. Baker, Mrs. E. Baker, Ella Baker, Lola Baker, Ephram Stephens, Mrs. Ephram Stephens, Charles Stephens, Mary Stephens, Mr. and Mrs. Jos- eph Moser, Sarah Moser, Isaac Nobles, Mrs. I. Nobles, Thomas Nobles, Albert Nobles, Luther Nobles, A. Nobles, Meranda Nobles, William Miller, John Evans, Mrs. John Evans, Lyman Wax, Joseph Wax, Michael Wax, Henry Wax, August Wax, "Baby" Wax, Frans Compton, Mrs. Frans Compton, Sada Compton, H. Compton, Clark Waldreth, Elizabeth Waldreth, Mrs. C. Waldreth, Harvey Gee, John Gee, William Jones, Mrs. W. Jones, William Stark, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Starks, Mrs. William Starks, Mr. and Mrs. M. Muller, Beca Muller, Mary Muller, Baby Muller, Mr. and Mrs. W. Schoefeldt, P. Simons, Mrs. P. Simons, Sarah Si- mons, Henry Simons, Michael Maloney, Mrs. Kate Maloney, Bridget Maloney, Lizzie Maloney, James Maloney, Dick Maloney, Thomas Maloney, Phil Ma- loney, Patrick Maloney, Michael Ford, Mrs. Michael Ford, Caty Ford, Royer Ford, Michael Carney, J. W. Hooker, J. Wideburgh, Henry Wideburgh, Alex Mc- Mullen, Mrs. Alex McMullen, Joseph Debrower, Jake Debrower, Ed. Teipner, Ada Bell Teipner, Jule Teip- ner, William Teipner, John Teipner, George Morley, Mrs. George Morley, Mamy Morley, Baby Morley, Charles Moser, Mrs. Charles Moser, Erastus Moser, Julius Moser, Hiram Moser, Peter Moser, Julie Moser, Vern Moser, Caty Moser, Nicolas Golden, Danield Mc- Taggart, Frank Burn, Mrs. Rosy Burn, Bridget Burn, Caty Burn, May Burn, Lewis Burn, James Burn, Ja- cob Johnson, Mrs. J. Johnson, Sherman Johnson, Blaine Johnson, Lucy Johnson, M. Johnson, Gus Lind, Wesly Dorson, Joseph Krause, Charles Honzik, Mrs. Joseph Krause, Mike Stidel, Mrs. M. Stidel, Louis HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 23 Stidel, Abram Gaplanik, Mrs. A. Gaplanik, Gabe Ga- planik, Edward Gaplanik, Mrs. R. Nattanie, Gabriel Nattanie, Anton Nattanie, Mary Nattanie, Joseph Liminger, Mrs. Liminger and baby, Niels Anderson, Louis Novotny, John Novotny, Burt Novotny, F. A. Deleglise, Jo. Deleglise, Mrs. F. A. Deleglise, Malin- da Deleglise, Albert Deleglise, Alex Deleglise, Edmond Deleglise, Amelia Deleglise, Mr. and Mrs. John Cherf, Maxwell Cherf, Gleason Cherf, Rebecca Cherf, AUace Cherf, James Nowotny, Julina Nowotny, Jake Holley, Joseph Holley, Wencel Holley, Mrs. Jake Holley, John Doersch, Mrs. Mary Doersch, Baby Doersch, Scott Hale, Mrs. D. Hale, Alex McCloud, Charles Gowan, Mrs. Chas. Gowan, Eugene Gowan, Frank Gowan, Daniel Gowan, Baby Gowan, Woodley Hale, Chris and Mary Hanson, Charles Brunther and wife, Lizzie Brunther, Kenton Brunther, Anna Brunther, Oscar Brunther, Ripley J. Richards, Mrs. Ripley J. Richards, Mary Richards, W. Richards, William Richards, George Richards, Baby Richards, W. A. Wheeler, Mrs. W. A. Wheeler, G. Bridgeman, Mrs. G. Bridgeman, John Mc- Closkey, Mrs. John McCloskey, Grace McCloskey, Frank Churchouse, Ben Colwell, Nellie Colwell, Hat- tie Colwell, Bessie Colwell, Herman Colwell, Sim Post, Eel Post, Eugene Rumery, Mrs. Eugene Rumery, D. Rumery, John Murphy, Thomas Hutchinson, Mrs. Thomas Hutchinson, Mina Hutchinson, Eugene Hutchinson, Jessie Hutchinson, Orman Hutchinson, Steven Hutchinson, Malcolm Hutchinson, George Hutchinson, Allen C. Taylor, Mrs. Allen C. Taylor, O. J. Yates, Mrs. 0. J. Yates, Walter Yates, Baby Yates, John Yates, John Haron, James Folin, Isaac Farrow, Mrs. Isaac Farrow, Etta Farrow, G. Farrow, Edgar and Mrs. Neff, Pina Neff, Ulu Neff, Willard Neff, Mike Willit, Grace Willit, Mike Willet, Jr., Etie Willit, Charles H. Larzelere, Mrs. Charles H. Larzelere, Alta Larzelere, Vernie Larzelere, Carrie Larzelere, Rosy Larzelere, Baby Larzelere, Mary Murtolf, Charles W. McFarland, J. J. Springer, John Gibson, Mrs. John Gibson, Leta Gibson, E. Cole, Fred Dodge, Mrs. Fred Dodge, Fred Dodge, Jr., Anna Dodge, Walter Dodge, William Dodge, Theodore Dodge, Baby Dodge, Mary Turtillotte, Hull Gromoson, Baby Gromoson, William Frisby, L. J. Marsh, Mrs. L. J. Marsh, Eugene Marsh, Sarah Marsh, Baby Marsh, Charles Van Zile, Abraham Van Zile, C. Quindlund, Robert and Mrs. Gilray, Baby Gilray, Louis Pison, Stephen A. Austin, Stephen Aus- tin, Jr., Mrs. M. Austin, Clery Austin, Mary Austin, Lucretia Austin, William Austin, Harry Austin, Ella Austin, Bert Getchell, Mrs. E. Getchell, Thomas D. Kellogg, Nellie Kellogg, Mary Kellogg, Haty Kel- logg, Polly Kelley, M. Kelley, H. Colnel, Mrs. H. Col- nel, H. Preston, M. Faliny, Edward Born, F. Wescott, Mrs. A. Smith, Lily Smith, August B. Miller, Thomas M. Dobbs, J. J. Commiskey, B. Barto, L. M. Gray, Caspar Bosh, Mrs. C. Bosh, Baptist Bosh, Henry Price, Sarah Price, William Price, William Smith, Joseph Bunyard, Mrs. Joseph Bunyard, Louis Bunyard, R. Johnson, David B. Edick, Mary Edick, H. Hayter, H. Hayter, Jr., Sam Scribins, Herman Sperburgh, Ira Lathan, John Lathan, Alton Lathan, John Keyhoe, Mrs. John Keyhoe, Magg Keyhoe, Jason Howard, John McNair, Harvey Sawtell, Thomas Lett, Charles Lett, Edward Allen, Jacob Grutchens, Will Grutchens, Mrs. Will Grutchens, Anna Grutchens, Charles Culling, Jos. Gibbs, Edward Marden, Henry Peck, Robert Hayter, Philipp Labell, Annie Labell, Thomas Labell, Mrs. Thomas Labell and baby, John Atridge, James John- son, Harlowe Lawrence, Will McDonald, John and James Morse, John Gardner, John Wunderlich, Abram Wunderlich, Mr. and Mrs. John Caligan, George Wil- son, Miles Lutsy, Nels Dristal, Patsy Dristal, John Mature, William Gary, Mr. and Mrs. James Cregg, Trean Cregg, Sylvester Cregg, Amos Cregg, Jap Sears, Thomas Lutsy, P. Lutsy, Theodore Sholts, Christopher Ludlo, August Ludlo, Henry Miller, John Miller, Aman- da Miller, Theressa Miller, Frank Thompson, H. Bur- dow, William Johnson, Mrs. William Johnson, Anga Johnson, Nina Johnson, N. Lake, H. Conors, Edward Bisby, Joseph Jackson, George Jackson, John Jackson, Cary Jackson, Fred Stanca, Mrs. Fred Stanca, Albion Cole, Levit Smith, L. Pendleton, Thomas Ainsworth, Jr., John W. Ainsworth, William Tipkey, Mr. and Mrs. George Gilmore, Burdy Gilmore, Baby Gilmore, James Roberts, Philip Melona, William and Mrs. Simons, James Simons, Walter Simons, Magg Simons, Thomas Lima, Michael Kepner, Albert Fingler, William Star- kucother, August Caston, James McCloud, Deba Mc- Cloud, Mary McCloud, Angus and James Cason, Wil- liam Parks, Mrs. William Parks, M. Parks, George Culiner, Jerry McDonald, John Miller, Angus McCloud, Demona McCloud, Anna McCloud, Nancy McCloud, Daniel McCloud, Sandy McCloud, Mike McDonald, Albert McMillan, John Johnson, Ed- ward Morgan, Martin Echtner, William Gauge, Thom- as Gauge, Martin Erisi, Herman Wurl, Daniel Mc- Cary, David Getchel, Mrs. David Getchel, George Getchel, Thomas Simons, Louis Horn, John Gordon, Thomas Oconnel, Joseph Winters, H. B. Polar, Mrs. H. B. Polar, Barney Polar, James Polar, Giles Polar, George Polar, John Polar, Emma Polar, Pheba Polar, Sarah Polar, Gip Bagby, James Olmstead, Joseph Cor- net, Andrew Burnett, John Harmon, Archa Beggs, Henry Zimmerman, William Merical, Lorenzo Meri- cal, Herman Merical, James Buckstaff, Oscar Buck- staff, Louis Motzfeldt, Mrs. Louis Motzfeldt, Tepa Motzfeldt, Hanna Motzfeldt, Patsy Shay, Dewood Bery, Winson Williams, Daniel Gagen, Mrs. Daniel Gagen, Jack Gagen, James Gagen, Henry Gagen, William McDonald, William Fundow, Leonard Thomas, Mrs. L. Thomas, Pearson Thomas, AUace Thomas, Emma Thomas, Ada Thomas, James Thomas, Mrs. J. Irwin, Ryan Irwin, Lota Irwin, Sallie Irwin, Adams Irwin, Mr. and Mrs. James Hones, L. Hones, Anton Hones, Henreitta Hones, Samuel Stobard and wife, Saby Stobard, Albert Bernet, Herman Bernet, Daniel Quade, Charles Tomas, Edward Tomas, Mrs. Edward Tomas, Mary Tomas, John and Ernest Dagat, Elliott Dagat, Henrietta Dagat, Antinett Dagat, Mical Kenby, Charles Kenald, Norman Hide, James Austin, Mrs. James Austin, Robert Austin, Agnes Austin, Horatio Austin, Mr. and Mrs. Henry Nichols, George Nichols, 24 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Mary Nichols, Ancy Yakes, Ranki Scott, W. H. Allen, John Smith, Willis Peck, Lucy Peck, Charles Peck, Henry Peck, Charles Knapp, Thomas Martin, Seman Smith, Alphonso Stephen, Mertin Johnson, George Holland, James Dell, Edward Savaga, William Wil- kins, Elbrage Wilkins, Mary Wilkins, Wallace Wil- kins, Robert Wilkins, Edward Peckham, Hurburt Bush, Henry Wix, Mr. and Mrs. P. Wix, Emily Wix, Charles Hiat, Thomas H. Jenkins, John Blyman, Esra Read, H. Emka, Arthur Perry, A. Spencer, John Spen- cer, Charles Judd, S. Anderson, Marshal FuUerton, Mrs. Harshal Fullerton, Albert Fullerton, John De Lamatra, A. Hurdiny, H. A. Lee, J. Jascam, Julius Melrich, J. Baskirk, Mike Moran, Mrs. C. Moran, George Olmstead, William McGinnis, Abe Kiny, Wil- liam Livingston, Nicholas Acous, Mrs. Nicholas Acous, Julia A. Acous, Martha Acous, Masco Acous, Mr. and Mrs. Hiram Parkherst, Albert Parkherst, Adi- son Parkherst, Helen Parkherst, Julia Parkherst, Mar- garet Hanes, William Livingston, Edward Lacy, Mrs. Edward Lacy, Louis Lacy, Agnes Lacy, Harriett Lacy, Wad Wilber, William Kilisass, Jane Armstrong, Roy- ers Armtsrong, Henry Aural, R. R. Smith, Thomas McNutt, Michael Kennedy, Thomas Bolton, Frank Zaler, Charles Fischer, Edward Fisch- er, Dexter Luce, Joseph Faliny, Frank Oka, Elmer Ward, Criss Olson, Thomas Caton, Charles Murser, Mrs. Charles Murser, Hiram Murser, "Old" Murser, Sefrona Murser, Justin Butterfield, Samuel Nolton, Roda Hacock, John Cobler, Mrs. John Cobler, Sefrona Cobler, Milton Cobler, Fineus Cobler, Amo3 Caring- ton, Mrs. Amos Carington, Anace Carington, Alnerd Carington, Samuell Carington, Gus Frunbaw, R. Park- er, J. H. Laystreet, Adam Brunker, David Chapman, William Ale, Thomas Shehan, Oly Swanson, Sandy Stronic, Ramsey Denby, Walter Shat, Richard Du- rand, Mrs. Richard Durand, Erica Durand, Richard Durand, Jr., Frederick Stotson, Joseph Elmwood, H. S. Wood, J. A. Frebum, Tom Maham, Squire A. Tay- lor, Burt Sheldon, Charles Sheldon, Frederick Semore, Charles Abrams, Peter Nelson, Max Riter, Frank Rit- er, Frank Hopkins, Henry Housuyer, Albert Skinner. The census was taken by Thomas M. Dobbs and Joseph M. Gray, who stated in explanation that the above list "is correct of the people of New County as far as we have gone. But there are many we have not got." The western part of Langlade County as it is today was not included in this census because it then belonged to Lincoln County. PIONEER LIFE ALONG THE MILITARY ROAD. The old Military Road has been the source of many a poem and pioneer song. Its history has been inter- woven with the pioneer lumbering of eastern Lang- lade County. The Squaw Man and the pine hunter both played their part with the early adventurer in the development of this country. Dan Gagen, Louis Motz- feldt, Henry Strauss, "Old Dutch Frank," Hiram B. Polar, Charles Larzelere, Dave Getchell and William Johnston, were either traders or pine loggers of that section of the county first settled. For several years before the construction of the Mil- itary Road mail was carried by men on foot in the sum- mer and by dog teams during the winter, following an Indian trail (old Lake Superior Trail) along the same route as the government Military Road. Log houses or stations were erected every thirty-five miles. These mails, though somewhat slow, were regular, as only men accustomed to the wilderness and familiar with the wild frontier life were employed in this service. They seemed to be equal to any emergency, and when it became necessary, on account of deep snow, to abandon the dog team they would put on their snow shoes, slap the mail sack on their back and make thir- ty or forty miles per day. Darkness, storm or hunger had little terror for them. They seemed to realize that the tireless mail, the evangel of the wilderness, the mission of civilization and the herald of a progressive era, could not brook delay. They were the brave young men whose love of adventure, principally, led them away from their haunts of civilization, and whose untamed nature found keen zest and enjoyment in the dangers and excitement of the daring frontier life. Thus month after month and year after year, these pioneers of the wilderness trod their lonely beat. Then the wave of war with its bloody issue rolled in sullen gloom over the entire nation. For several years they had driven their dog teams in the great pine forests in the interest of peace and now they set off to drive their war horses in battle armed with gun and sabre. The mail carriers faded from the trail and passed into history; the trail became grass grown and the abandoned stations stood like ghosts of silent cities. The fur trader in the employ of the American Fur Company was the pioneer of the new north, as he pen- etrated the pine forests very much in advance of the lumbermen, who could see but little wealth in the giant pines and still less in the hardwood forests. The fur industry was established in northern Wisconsin over one hundred years ago. It has been half a century since the lumberman or logger began cutting pine tim- ber on the upper waters of the Wolf and Wisconsin rivers. It seemed to be his ambition from the start to begin at the top or headwaters of a stream and cut down. Extensive lumber camps were established where now the thrifty little City of Eagle River (once in Langlade County) stands, which soon became the center of attraction for the woodsman and river driver. Wages were very high and money was plenti- ful. This soon attracted a rowdy element which rep- resented all that was bad and vicious. After the completion of the Military Road the moral tone of society in towns along its route was improved but little. The towns were typical of the western mining town, where the frontier element held full sway. Hotels and travelers would spring into exis- tence in a day. A bank and an opera house would rise simultaneously side by side. Stores and outfitting establishments of every variety would line the main streets with their quaint signs and em- blems of trade. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 25 Mechanics and artisans poured in from other parts of the state and with them came the lawyer and the doctor, both great healing mediums with peculiar methods. The morning's dawn was not greeted by the daily newspaper, the first to herald the name and fame of the new town, but night's blackness would be dispelled by flaming campfires built in front of sa- loons and dance houses, where men and women stood within the vestibule of Hades and drank fiery liquids, danced to the wheezing tune of the "Hurdy Gurdy," sang their songs and laughed merrily at their ribald jests. Verily they were of their day and generation. They were a part of the rude civilization of wild frontier life, which paved the way for the purer and gentler influences that followed to mould the morals of the race that peopled the cities of the wilderness. Every store in the village on the Sabbath contracted and carried on more business than upon any other day in the week. The river driver, the woodsman, the team- ster, the Indian, the fur trader, all gathered here, and to each and all it was a gala day. Drunkeness, brawls, and fights became the amuse- ment and smote the peace and order of the communi- ty. But civilization brought thither a finer feeling; order arose from chaos and bloodshed; refinement ap- peared with the wives and daughters of the pioneers, who came like angels to create homes from the haunts of vice. The light of love banished the mildew and rot of depravity and a better manhood dawned upon the brave rough diamonds of the northern pine. The church came with the bold missionary, who was the bravest of them all, and then the school house and the court house weeded out the dance hall, and the for- lorn outcasts moved farther on in the race of life until dissipation entombed their ghostly shadow. Of course there was a broad and deep gulch between the Sunday rattle of the auctioneer and the sweet chimes of the Sabbath bells, and in the rude element of frontier society the violence of the bad was often checked by the violence of the good. The region along the old Military Road was very rich in natural resources before white men came to ac- cumulate wealth, with and without capital. It was not uncommon for one of the many fur trad- ers to purchase ten thousand dollars worth of fur from the Indians in a single season. The fur consisted largely in bear, wolves, beavers, otter, fisher, martin and mink. But little cash was paid the Indian. Blank- ets, beads and tobacco played a prominent part in the purchase. They demanded the best grade of blank- ets and fifty dollars a pair was often paid by the In- dians. The white man as a hunter and trapper was more industrious and energetic than the Indian, and with his improved methods, the fur industry was des- troyed in a very few years. The fur bearing animals have largely disappeared; a few black bear and gray timber wolves remain. The wolf is an enemy to civ- ilization, an outcast and a vagabond, despised alike by the white and the red man. The increase of the deer keeps pace with the annual slaughter. The choice white pine is now extinct. The silence and solitude along the old Military Road has disappeared forever; the red man and the pine for- ests have faded together. Along the great lines of railroad plowing through these once vast solitudes, all is life and activity. Towns and cities have invaded their paths. Men who have followed the faint trail of civilization have themselves beheld the great tide roll over their own foot prints and view with wonder its ever advancing waves. Schools, churches and happy homes have appeared to enlighten the multi- tude and mould the morals of a new born community. The Anglo-Saxon spirit of enterprise laid the hand of industry upon the pine forests; the pioneers of the north woods came as a mighty army; they were soldiers of industry, drilled by labor and hardship, and went forth only to industrial conquests. The fruits of the old pioneer ripen into the full measure of wealth and refinement; their names may not live in history; no monument of the everlasting hill will bear their fame. Some of them lie in the graveyard at the edge of the pine forest by the side of the torrent streams that forever sing a wild dirge to their memory; some in green graves covered by the flowers of re- membrance, far beyond the crags, over which they strode, more like Gods, than men; some sleep in their own home valley; some of the gallant band are yet in the active busy world, awaiting the final summons be- yond the snow and the frost line. Wherever they are they will be recalled as heroes of the storm beaten north. THE RAILROADS— C. & N. W.— M. L. S. & W. The story of how the Chicago & Northwestern rail- road secured absolute control of 86,215.03 acres of val- uable timber and agricultural lands within the present limits of Langlade County is also the story of the de- velopment of railroad facilities in Upper Wisconsin. By an act of Congress, June 3, 1856, thousands of acres of public lands were granted to the state to aid construction of railroads. October 11, 1856, the state approved incorporation of the Wisconsin & Superior Railroad, which was granted all immunities and privi- leges for the purpose of aiding in railroad construc- tion from Fond du Lac to the state line. The Wisconsin & Superior consolidated with the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac Railroad. On March 14, the legislature passed an act to facilitate and authenticate formation of a corporation by the purchasers of the Chicago, St. Paul & Fond du Lac, which has since been known as the Chicago & North- western railroad. This new organization became at once entitled to all land grants to the state to aid in railroad construction if they would build a road to the state line, which they did. The Chicago & North- western was completed to the mouth of the Menominee River, certification of the same was made by the Gov- ernor and the Secretary of the Interior and the lands were deeded over to the railroad company. Odd num- bered sections were selected. It is interesting to note that between the contractors of the Military Road and the Chicago & Northwestern railroad approximately 26 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 125,000 acres of Langlade County territory (one-fifth of the total area of the county) passed into the hands of a few. For many years later tax deeds on Chi- cago & Northwestern railroad lands in Langlade Coun- ty were signed by Samuel Tilden, Democrat Governor of New York, who attained fame for his exposure of the Tweed Ring and his contest for the Presidency with General Rutherford B. Hays, Ohio Governor, and Re- publican President of 1877. village plat bordering on the line of the road, together with the right-of-way over all lands in which he was interested. Truly he was public spirited. The first "mixed" train arrived in Antigo, Novem- ber 9, 1881, with Conductor Sylvester Graves in charge. The Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western was sold to the Chicago & Northwestern railroad August 19, 1893. All Langlade County property of the old Lake Shore system was taken over then. .AN OLD "WOOD BURNER" OF THE U. L. S. & \V. RV. This type of engine was used for many years in and out of Antigo on the Lake Shore road. The work train was at Summit Lake, I'phani township when this picture was taken years ago. Among those in the crew were .Vlbert Stats, Sr.. Herman Walter, Joseph Cardaphe, Charles Wojan, Anton Reinsch, Dennis Greening, Theodore Kupper, Albert Kupper, .Mhert Koles. William Draeger. Jacob Kunz, Frank Daskam, August BecVnian, Wencel Cherwinka, Sr., .\1. Hillings. Conductor. Julius I'e- trowski, Peter Petrowski, Rudolph Helby, Ed. Walch. Charles Lcnt.schc, Jacob Ko'achek and Adam GUi- gla. Engines No. 2!), :w. .'il, 32 and :!:!, New York Central property, were used for eight years in and adjacent to Antigo. They were converted wood burners. Pioneer engineers can remember them. THE MILWAUKEE, LAKE SHORE & WESTERN. August 15, 1881, the first train pulled into Antigo and the old Indian trail, tote road, ox team and pack horse, marks of progress and development, diminished in usefulness. Demands for rapid transportation were about to be met. As the small engine No. 31 of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad, with its work car and caboose pulled into the wilderness, a band of villagers gathered around the Engineer, Charles Abrams, his fireman, James O'Connel and Conductor John Gordon. Antigo was then a strong temperance village. Thus the citizens did not fea- ture Marse Henry or "hard lickker" of the Volstead violaters of today. Instead a great barrel of lemon- ade was provided by the womenfolk and the feasting on sandwiches and the rejoicing and merriment of the pioneers centered about the large barrel. There were no brass bands nor the flare of the bugle to herald this epochal event in Antigo's history. Less important things have occurred since in Antigo and have been given inflated publicity. Hon. F. A. Deleglise, after considerable negotia- tions, succeeded in inducing the railroad officials to change the survey of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western to its present route. Originally they had sur- veyed two miles west of the present site of Antigo. Mr. Deleglise gave the railroad eight blocks of the THE WISCONSIN & NORTHERN. The Wisconsin & Northern railroad was built origi- nally to serve the timber products of the Menasha- Woodenware Company in eastern Langlade County. It was completed in 1907 or thereabout and has since been purchased by the Soo line. The road has been surveyed into Antigo but nothing definite about a spur into Antigo from Phlox can be stated. It is interest- ing in this connection to note that since 1883 citizens of Antigo have constantly talked about "another railroad coming in." CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. PAUL. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad runs through sections 19, 30, 31 and 32 of west Ackley town- ship, but serves no beneficial territory in Langlade County. THE CHICAGO & NORTHWESTERN ENGINE HOUSE. January 25, 1883, the first engine house of the Mil- waukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad was complet- ed at Antigo. It was a two stall structure located be- tween Third and Fourth Avenues, east of the railroad main track. In 1893, when the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western was sold to the Chicago & North- western railroad the engine house was moved to the present site, northeast of block 1. The new house HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 27 was built with twelve stalls. In 1905, owing to the increased importance of Antigo as a Division point, fifteen stalls were added, making a twenty-seven stall roundhouse. The turn-table operates by electricity. A yard office, weighmaster's office, machine shops, de- pot, freight depot and warehouse, lumber yard and purchasing agent's office constitute the other railroad buildings. THE ANTIGO DEPOTS. The Chicago & Northwestern depot was completed at a cost of approximately $65,000.00, October, 1907. Division offices were moved into the new headquart- ers then. The contract was let to Charles W. Gin- dele of Chicago. Work commenced in March, 1907. The depot was built in two sections, one containing waiting and ticket rooms with offices of telegraph op- meter. These bicycles tipped easily and many mis- haps resulted. John Blinn, son of W. H. Blinn, first Antigo jeweler, owned the first bicycle in the county. Bicycles soon became popular, tournaments and races were held in Antigo, but with the approach of the au- tomobile the bicycle era passed. It is now used whol- ly as a business convenience. THE FIRST ROAD PETITION. George Ratcliffe, Charles Herman and twenty-eight settlers of Antigo, Carpenter, and Rolling, petitioned the first county board to establish a road commencing at the southwest corner of section 21, township 30 N. of Range 11 east and running in a northeast course. The petitioners prayer was granted and the first com- mittee on roads, consisting of James Quinn, A. Van THE OLD iMILWAUKEK, LAKE SHORE & WESTERN DEPOT. The man standing near the engine holding a white flag in his hand is James Driscoll, a well known Antigo man in his time. Engine No. 2(1 was used for a long time in this region. The faithful old "Dobbin" of the American Express Company which cooperated with "Lon" House in the distribution of the cit5''s express can be seen near the depot. A small group of Indians are gathered in a circle near the waiting passenger train. Observe the old fashioned bicycle of that time. erators, dispatchers, clerks and Division Superintend- ent above and the other containing a lunch room, bag- gage and express rooms and employes dressing room on the first floor with offices of the Division Engineer on the second floor. The depot was formally dedicated November 5, 1907. A banquet was given at the Hotel Butter- field. Those present who spoke were : W. A. Gard- ner, Vice-President of the road, E. H. Heyser, Wiscon- sin Attorney for the road, George W. Latta, Antigo Attorney for the road, J. C. Lewis, banker. Attorney W. H. Mylrea of Wausau, Ex-Congressman E. A. Morse, R. C. Richards, General Claim Agent, Attorney F. J. Finucane and Mayor George W. Hill. Contrast the new modern depot with the little frame two room depot of the old Lake Shore system which was remodeled once before its career ended. THE BICYCLE ERA. In 1884 the first bicycle made its appearance in An- tigo. The front wheel was a large one to which pedals were attached. The rear wheel was very small in dia- Zile and V. Simmons, were selected to report damages for lands taken preparatory to construction. The road was needed as it afforded settlers of Rolling and Nor- wood better facilities to get into Antigo, the county seat. The second road petition was received from James Kennedy, W. C. Battrell and thirty-one others, resi- dents of Polar and Antigo townships (18 from Polar — 15 from Antigo) asking for a county road from the east I4 post of section 25, township 31, range 12 east and following the Y^ line west to the Village of Antigo. FIRST ROAD APPROPRIATION. The first actual road construction appropriation was made by the county June 15, 1881. $500.00 was ap- propriated to the Town of Norwood to open and im- prove a road, commencing at the SW post of section 35, then running north on the Y4 line of sections 36 and 26; thence to the center of said section 26, then west to the west ^4 post of section 26; thence north on sec- tion line to the SE corner of Section 22; thence west on the section line to the SW corner of section 20. 28 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. $300.00 was applied to opening and improving a road running on or near to the section line running from the southwest corner of section 20 to the northeast corner of section 6, all in township 30, north of range 12 E. FIRST COUNTY ROAD— 1881. The first road built by the county in 1881 commenc- ed at the southwest corner of section 21, township 30, north of range 11 east and then went north to Neva; thence east one mile; thence in a northeastern course to section 16, township 33, range 12 east; thence to section 34, township 34, range 12 east; thence by the Military Road to a point three miles north of Freeden- land P. 0. and then on a route between ranges 14 and 15. dren were amazed to see this marvelous machine so easily propelled by some invisible power. The automobile has demonstrated its value and is in constant use everywhere in Langlade County. An- tigo has eleven garages where able mechanics repair automobiles. Every township has its garages. The number of automobiles owned in Langlade County is 1,536. Five hundred and forty-nine of these are owned by Antigo residents. Antigo township has more automobiles than any other township, 159 being its total. The aggregate assessed value of the automobiles in the county is $640,083.00. The motorcycle has come into general use within the period of the automobile era and many people own and operate a motorcycle as a convenient method of travel. I hiiaKii i^ Xuitluvs->lern Depot. .Antigo. Wis. cost of $(>.>, uoo. no. Mrictcil in I'.KIT at a THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY. The most advanced means of travel on highways is the modern automobile. The first to appear in Antigo came in 1902 and was owned by W. L. Elliott, Antigo business man. It was a "one lunger" Oldsmobile with a high odd looking top. It aroused townsfolk with its odd Chug! Chug! Men, women and chil- \V. L. ELLIOTT'S OLDSMOP.! LR. l-'irst Anlonioliilc in Langlafie Connty. THE AEROPLANE AND LANGLADE COUNTY. Langlade County has many experienced aviators who served in the World War, but it has no aero- planes. The first flying exhibition in Langlade Coun- ty was held by John Schweister in 1910 at the county fair. A great crowd gathered to see him perform, .lohn Kaminski, Milwaukee aviator, was the second to exhibit in an aeroplane in Antigo. The best aeroplane flight ever witnessed by Langlade County citizens was during the county fair of 1912, when the late Lincoln Beachey, renowned aviator, went into the clouds be- fore thousands of thrilled spectators. Today airplanes are used extensively in warfare and in arts of peace. It is not uncommon to see them pass over Antigo. The county fair grounds are frequently used as a landing place. The day will come when air lanes will be regulated everywhere as highways are today. HIGHWAYS— ROAD COSTS— MACHINERY. Highways No. 47, 39 and 64 traverse Langlade County. Thousands of tourists from every section of the union pass through Antigo on their way to and HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 29 from the great tourist resorts of the Badger state. Langlade County spent $188,007.78 on road con- struction and improvements in 1921. Contrast this with $500.00 spent the first year the county was or- ganized. There are 160 miles of state aid and 62 miles of state trunk lines in the county. The average cost of ordinary graded roads in Langlade County is $2,000 per mile. AUTOMOTIVE DEALERS ASSOCIATION. The Langlade County Automotive Dealers Associa- tion was organized May 1, 1920 at Antigo. Annual au- tomobile shows are given by it. LANGLADE COUNTY BRIDGES. As Langlade County has within its borders two large rivers, the Wolf and Eau Claire, together with numer- FIRST COUNTY BRIDGE. December 11, 1883, the county board was petition- ed to build a bridge across Wolf river at the lower Post Lake dam in section 16, township 33, range 12 east. The petition was signed by Jos. M. Jackson, H. B. Polar and 16 others. After reference to the Road and Bridge Committee, the county voted $1,200.00 to build the bridge. Bids were received by Supervisor Joseph Duchac. The contract was award- ed to Hi. Polar, March 6, 1884 for $925.00. IMPORTANT BRIDGES. The most important bridges in Langlade County are located at Langlade, over Wolf river; at Lily, over Wolf river; at Pearson, at Elton, at Rezula, Ackley township. They are all steel bridges except the last named. The Rezula bridge cost $12,000.00. It was THE REZULA CONCRETE BRIDGE Oil Highway No. 64, over the west branch of the Eau Claire River. ous rivulets and smaller streams, bridges have played a very important part in its development. It was difficult for the early homesteaders to travel in their day. They lost no time in erecting bridges to cross rivers and streams. The first bridge was probably built by W. L. Ackley over the Eau Claire in 1853, as it is safe to presume that he needed one to log and get back into the country known now as west Ackley. The first bridge we have record of was built in 1874 by S. A. Taylor near lower Post Lake over the Wolf river. Many bridges were built and destroyed before then, no doubt. The Indians bridged the streams in their primitive way. The S. A. Taylor bridge was constructed of heavy timber and rough sawed lumber. When Langlade County was organized Mr. Taylor sent a bill to the County Board declaring, that inasmuch as he had built the bridge and it was a public necessity the county ought to reimburse him for his labors, which they did to the extend of $1,400. erected in 1916-17, and is of concrete. The longest bridge in the county spans the Wolf river at Lang- lade. Many small wooden bridges of minor importance span small streams and rivers through various parts of the county. When the first settlers came to Antigo, Springbrook was spanned by a wooden bridge put in by John Cherf. It has since been replaced by con- crete. The ruins of many pioneer bridges can be located on various streams throughout Langlade County. Some of them have been obsolete for the past quarter of a century or more. HIGHWAY COMMISSIONERS. Langlade County has had two County Highway Commissioners. The first T. W. Humble was select- ed by the County Board in 1911. He served until 1916 and was followed by Charles Olson of Elcho, who is still in the service. Wm. Wolfe is Mr. Ol- son's assistant. 30 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER IX. Pioneer Lumbering on the Wolf and Eau Claire Rivers Improvement Concerns — Pioneer Lumbermen — The Great Log Drives — Dams on the Wolf and Lily Rivers — Maine Timbermen in Langlade County — A Pioneer Camp. Lumbering was the principle industry in Langlade County for many years after its organization and twen- ty years before 1880, the first prospectors and early settlers engaged in that industry. Only pine was cut. River channels were improved by various private im- provement companies and logs were driven down the streams to Shawano and Oshkosh on the Wolf River, and to Wausau on the Eau Claire River. The Wolf River Improvement Company was owned by Oshkosh people. The River Improvement Co. was a firm created to improve the west branch of the Big Eau Claire River. It was organized February 26, 1894, by A. C. Campbell, A. M. Lanning and G. W. Hogben. The Big Eau Claire River Improvement Dodge of Shawano, cut the first pine north of the In- dian Reservation on Section 7, township 31, Range 15 East for L. Beecher of Boston, Mass. Other pioneer lumber operators were: Dewey George of Shawano, Weatherby & Crowe of Oshkosh; T. Crane of Shaw- ano; Welcome Hide, land locater, from Embarrass, Waupaca County, who came first into Langlade County with his fifteen year old son and then moved to Vir- gin Lake, five miles east of Three Lakes; George Gery of Appleton, George Gilkey of Oshkosh and Choate & Bray of the same place. Logs of each operator were marked and boomed. The river drives meant an influx of woodsmen, cruisers and operators into the Wolf river country. Hf^.: THE GARDNER DA.M SITE On the Weill' River near the old log cabins on the Military Road. The (lan> was named in memory of the Stockbridge Indian. who first condneted a stopping place on the Lake Superior Trail. Company was organized by John D. Ross, Walter H. Bissell and J. S. Clements. Its object was to im- prove the Eau Claire River course, to handle, sort and deliver logs and timber in the territory adjacent to the river in Lincoln and Langlade Counties. The Deer- skin Log Driving and Improvement Company, organiz- ed by Alexander Stewart, Walter Alexander, Thomas Scott and F. P. Hixon, improved Deerskin River from Section 24, Township 42, Range 11 to Section 13, Township 40, Range 10 East at which it then "flowed into a lake in the counties of Langlade and Lincoln." Pioneer lumberman who operated extensively in the Wolf River country in Langlade County as early as 1875 were: Philetus Sawyer, Seymour HoUister, George Buckf.taff, George Rich, Lyman Rumery, Kel- logg 8f McCoy, Asa C. Hicks, all of Oshkosh; Daniel Fitzgerald and Col. Hansen of Oshkosh. Theodore Often the drives were not completed until August. Many logs would sink and frequently log jams were costly. A jam of logs would hold the entire drive up and it was necessary many times to break up the jam for miles on the river. The work was strenuous and exceedingly dangerous and many a pioneer lumber- jack and river driver was drowned or suffered a broken limb during one of the exciting drives. Logs were frequently intentionally jammed, during low tide, to raise the water and thus take in the rear. The improvement companies were under a heavy expense to maintain clean river channels to transport the thou- ands of feet of logs that moved down stream. The Wolf river and other Langlade County streams were equipped with dams to facilitate log movement. Important dams on the various rivers of eastern Lang- lade County were : The first dam was below Pine HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 31 Lake, followed by another just below Rice Lake. The next was at Pelican, known as the Pelican dam. Near Crandon, Forest County, the Little Chute dam was lo- cated and below it we come into Langlade County, where the Upper Post Lake dam is found. The wa- ters from Upper Post Lake formed the principal res- ervoir dam for log driving on the entire Wolf river south of it. The flood started in the Upper Post Lake and until the logs were nearing Shiocton, dams were necessary. Other dams were : Lower Post Lake dam, Lily river dam, Larzelere dam, George Gardner dam, Keshena Dells dam. On Lily river there were six dams on the main stream and one on Bob Brook. a ways." A regular mat of ground and cedar had grown over the river south of Gardner's dam from which he drew his conclusion that the river "flowed out of the ground." ISAAC FARROW'S MISTAKE. Isaac Farrow, pioneer settler in the Lost Nation, wanted to drain White Lake and make a natural hay meadow out of it. He started a drain at the out- let of White Lake (N. E. part). The bottom of the lake was found to be white marl, used to clean silver- ware, etc., and would be of no value for hay meadow- ing. His deed is now called Isaac Farrow's mistake. "NOT AS A CONQUEROR COMES, Oxen, horses and sturdy men played their part in the si ers of Louis Sands of Manistique, Michigan, and W. B. Bon nel camps were located on section li.'i, township HI, Range 11 son, Superintendent, who came from the Pine Tree State ter shanty. The first building at the left is the cook shant the right are hovels used to house the oxen and horses. T ations in 188.'), 20,200,000 feet of pine had been cut. A shin by-product was manufactured. The great forest of pine an been replaced by modern farms. The pine from this camp Weed mill in .Antigo township. The old Sands & Bonnel They were Lake Dam, at Robert's Lake; eighty rods below was Lake Dam No. 2; one-half mile below was Bowser dam, named after John Bowser and next was the Choate & Bray dam, Turtillotte dam and Big Roll dam, Hayter dam and Craine dam. There was a dam on the east branch of the Lily River. On Pick- erel Creek there were two dams; on Swamp Creek there were two dams, and above and below Freedenland (Louis Motzf eld's place) on Swamp Creek two dams were erected. The Keshena Improvement Company owned many of the dams in Langlade County. GILMORE'S MISTAKE. A Civil Engineer and surveyor whose surname was Gilmore surveyed the course of the Wolf River in 1868 for Oshkosh lumbermen and reported that "no pine could be driven on the river as it ran underground THEV, THE TRUE HEARTED CAME." aughter of Langlade County pine. The camping headquart- nel of Chicago, III., are reproduced here. The Sands & Bon- East on the site of the J. J. Laughlin farm. Henry Hud- is shown back of a snow covered stump in front of the cen- y, the second is the sleeping shanty and the log structures at he camps shown were erected in 188t and at the close of oper- gle mill was then erected and in 188(;-87. 25,000.000 feet of the d hardwood shown back of the camp buildings has long since and many others in Langlade County was hauled to the J. H. camp granary is still in existence. WOODSMEN SCOFFED AT ANTIGO FLATS. In 1874 two hardy woodsmen journeyed over the In- dian trails from Wausau through the present limits of Langlade County to the camp headquarters of Moore & Galloway, three miles east of Dobbston. They told the Camp Superintendent, the timber prospectors, cruisers, lumberjacks and drivers of the wonderful re- gion to the west. One of the men remarked to Henry Hudson: "The country is full of pine and splendid tracts of hardwood, but it would take a whole year to get 1,000 feet of the product to the Wolf River." He never realized that the "Iron Trail' 'as the pioneer call- ed the railroad, would penetrate into that same terri- tory before seven years passed, and that in fifty years the same region would be the most productive agricul- tural section of the territory now comprising Langlade County. 32 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. PIONEER LUMBERMEN FROM MAINE. Maine has long been known as the Pine Tree State, because of the vast areas of pine forests within its limits. Years ago the woodland area of Maine cov- ered over three-fourths of the total area of the entire Commonwealth. With the passing of the primeval forests of that state many of its native sons moved westward. Thus the pine forests of Maine furnished to Langlade County many of the pioneers in the logg- ing, river driving and lumbering industry of the Wolf River country. These sturdy followers of the stately pine often took up lands and homesteads in the re- gions slashed with the result that the descendants of many are still living along the route of the Military Road or in other sections of the county. Many of the Maine pine men moved on westward and their progeny are found at this day in the great forests of Canadian- British Columbia. With the pine slashed, the purpose of the pioneer lumberman was accomplished. Hardwood was a bur- den and an expense. The knotty and poorer grade of logs were usually left in the forests to become a prey to future raging forest fires. At first only the pine timber along the banks of the Wolf and Lily rivers was cut, but with timber operations increasing, the ex- tent of the slashed area also increased. The "cut- over" land of that day was then placed on the market to be taken up by the first settlers. Often they be- came discouraged and would abandon their "hole in the woods" as the first clearings were called. Land was then considered worthless. It would not in many in- stances yield sufficient products to pay taxes. Thus the land speculator, the tax-title lawyer, great land agencies and many who invested "pine profits" took up the lands of the county. They paid the munificent sum of from fifty cents to two dollars per acre for land that today could not be purchased for $150.00 per acre. The delicate problems envolving the owner- ship and the title to thousands of acres of land demand- ed expert attention. Thus the tax title attorney be- came a necessity. Attorney W. H. Webster of Ocon- to and Attorney George W. Latta of Antigo, were the acknowledged tax title experts in the vicinity. The story of the pine hunter is now but a memory on- ly to the oldest settlers. The lumberman and timber cruiser of that era are passing away swiftly. Only through the story teller of tomorrow — "the art preser- vative of arts" will the traditions of the early lumber districts be preserved. And the tales they will tell the people Will be of logging camps and saw mills At a time by few remembered When this land was dense with forests. Tales of swamping, sawing, skidding. Rafting, driving, logs and lumber. How they felled the forest timber. Tell of lumber jack and camp boss, Of the cook and sleeping shanties. Of the horse and oxen stables By the forest trees surrounded. Of the peavy and the cant hook Now no longer seen with workmen. Stories of the timber cruising. Bearing trees and section corners, Tramping woodland shod in snow shoes Seeking merchantable timber, Looking ever at the tree trunks. Never noting soil they grew on Though the richest ever planted. Tell the tales of timber stealing. Liens for labor, suits for trespass. To a wondering pastoral people. Tell of shingle bolts and saw logs And the timber cut for pulp wood; Of the log jams in the river. And the ice roads to the landing Of the circular and band saw. How they ripped the logs and lumber. When his father was a youngster; They will tell of mills dismantled, Of the knives that changed the huge logs Into long sheets called veneering. Of the hubs made for the wagons Turned and mortised by the carload, And the staves and hoops for barrels, Manufactured by the million; They will tell of mills that vanished. When no timber grew to feed them. Where they stood the lawn mowers clicking Seems faint echo to their noises. Tell how forests were denuded Of all timber having value. When the farmer of the southward Came to clear the timber slashings, Built of logs their house and stables, Toiling hard for crops to gather. How the timber farmer wondered, Shook his head and smiled with pity Said it was the height of folly Trying to force from stumps a living; But the sneers were all unheeded By a farmer at his clearing. Late and early toiling conquered. Field on field was cleared and planted Garnered grain rewards his labors. Dairy cattle browse contented In the pastures once the forest. Well content the prosperous farmer Tells with mirth of timber settler Who once owned his smiling acres. How he followed lumbering northward To the verge of civilization And was never heard from after. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 33 CHAPTER X. County Politics and Parties Political Parties — Federal — Whig — Democrat — R epublican — Green Backs — Socialists — Non-Parti- san League — Progressives — Retirement of Old School leaders — County political henchmen — Personal Politics in County Affairs — Political Wire Pulling — Langlade County Women in Pol- itics — The Political Wigwam of 1896 — War with Germany Breaks Party Ties — Labor to the Front — Weakening of Party Lines — The Battle Line of 1924 — Presidential Vote of County 1884-1920. In the Colonial period of American history there ex- isted no political parties such as are prevalent today. Not until 1760, when the English insisted upon a severe policy toward the Colonies did two factions develop, one favoring self government and the other favoring obedience to the crown government. Thus was born the Colonial Whig and the Tory groups and with their birth American political history began. The initial party organization commenced in op- position to measures sponsored by Alexander Hamil- ton, which included the establishment of a National Bank. In this conflict of ideas developed the Feder- al and Anti-Federalist — the former led by Alexander Hamilton, the latter by Thomas Jefferson. The Fed- eralists gained control of the new United States gov- ernment with the election of George Washington, but in 1801 were overthrown by the Anti-Federalists, who during their quarter of a century of power, changed their party label from Anti-Federalist to Democratic- Republican, Republican and finally Democrat. The National Republican party, created during the Monroe "Era of Good Feeling," the Anti-Masonic party of 1832, the Whig party of 1836, the Liberty party of 1840, the Free Soilers of 1848, the American or Know-nothing party of 1856, the Republican party of 1856, the Green Backs or Nationals of 1876, the Laborites of 1884, the Peoples Party of 1892, the So- cialists of 1892, the Populists of 1896, the Socialist-Labor Party of 1896, the Prohibition- ists commencing in 1896, the Progressives of 1912, the Farmer-Labor Party of 1920, all have been organized as a result of divided opinions on some burning princi- pal or issue of national interest. POLITICAL LANGLADE COUNTY. Political history of the county began when Squire A. Taylor made his fight for the County of New, in 1879. A year later, as we know, in February, 1880, the name of the county became Langlade. The Wolf River settlement and its leaders opposed the establish- ment of the county-seat at Springbrook or Antigo. Francis A. Deleglise and his followers accepted the creation of New County nonchalantly. This is evi- denced by the following petition to the Oconto County Board of Supervisors : We, the undersigned inhabi- tants and electors of that part of Range eleven (11) that lays in Oconto County* do hereby make applica- tion to you to establish and organize a town out of and comprising the above mentioned territory and to call said town the name set opposite the majority of the signers hereto. Dated at Antigo this sixth day of November, 1880. Names of Petitioners and the name preferred for proposed town : F. A. Deleglise — Antigo. Gus Lind — Antigo. George Ratcliffe — Antigo. Remington — Antigo. Niels Anderson — Antigo. Richard Healy — Antigo. John Erkling — Antigo. Joseph R. Sheriff — Antigo. Charles Mosher — Antigo. William Miller — Springbrook. Charles Teipner — Springbrook. S. L. Wait— Antigo. Daniel M. Taggart — Antigo. D. M. Randall— Antigo. D. S. Olmsted— Antigo. James Novotny — Antigo. Joseph Kraus — Antigo. Jozeph Nowotny — Antigo. Joseph Novotny — Antigo. Louis Novotny — Antigo. Joseph Duchac — Antigo. Philip Novotni — Antigo. Thomas Vochoska — Antigo. Antone Honzik- — Antigo. E. R. Whitmore — Antigo. Joseph Mattek — Antigo. Joseph Plzak — Antigo. John Carlson — Antigo. Wenzel Smetana — Antigo. J. C. Maloney — Antigo. J. W. Goodwin — Antigo. * The territory which the petitioners sought to have detached from Oconto County d'd not then belong to Oconto County. The petit oners desired townships 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 36. 37, 38, 39, 40. 41 and 42. North, Range 11 East "be detached irom all previous town organizations existing under authority of the Oconto County Board and that the townships be organized and named Antigo." The first town election was to be held April 5, 1881. A. D., at Niels Anderson's store. This was directly in conflict with the Chapter 7, laws of 1880, approved February 19, 1880, in which New County was changed to Langlade County, (with Antigo township as a part of it) and in which Oconto County had no jurisdiction since 1879. It demonstrates the livalry between the Squire A. Taylor group on the Wolf River and the settlers in and adjacent to Antigo. 34 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Alex McMillan — Springbrook. E. Holly — Antigo. Jos. Holy — Antigo. M. W. Waite— Antigo. Alexander McMartin— Antigo. Albert Brown — Antigo. Frank Byrne — Springbrook. Peter O'Connor — Springbrook. James O'Connor — Antigo. Thomas W. Leslie — Antigo. Oliver Leslie — Antigo. R. J. Richards — Springbrook. John Cherne — Antigo. Lawrence Walk — Antigo. Stephen Dauet — Antigo. Joseph Debrewer — Antigo. Patrick Byrne — Springbrook. John Deresch — Antigo. T. Ekart — Antigo. Michael Weix — Antigo. Frank Campton — Springbrook. Nick Golden — Antigo. Total number voting — 59. 50 for Antigo — 9 for Springbrook. "Two would not sign on account of the majority being for Antigo," said the petition. POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS— 1884-1924. The campaign of 1884 was Langlade County's first dip into Presidential politics. September 25, 1884, a Blaine and Logan Club was organized with W. H. Blinn as President and A. L. Ross, Commander. October 16, 1884, a great celebration and torch parade was held by the Blaine and Loganites in Antigo. The procession, headed by a brass band, proceeded from the Antigo House (corner of 5th Avenue and Edison street) to the Opera House (south of site of Vivian Hotel), where Hon. W. C. Bailey of Green Bay spoke in ringing terms for over an hour on impending is- sues. The Republicans appealed to Civil War vete- rans to support Blaine and especially Logan, soldier and G. A. R. Commander. The Democrats were very active in support of Cleve- land and Hendricks. A Cleveland and Hendricks Club was formed with Attorney Thomas W. Lynch as President and W. H. Dawley as Secretary. Their street parades, torch processions and county campaign- ing kept the Plumed Knights of the Blaine and Logan Club on the alert. Many prominent speakers visited Antigo and spoke on the paramount issue, the tariff. After the election the people of the village throng- ed to the Milwaukee, Lake Shore depot, where tele- graphic returns were received. The bulletins were scanned with eagerness to cheer or lament as the re- port dictated. Rivalry was not over when voting ceased as the Republicans charged the Democrats with "being too boisterous while awaiting returns." Newspapers played an important part in the cam- paign. The Langlade Republican was strong for Blaine, while the News Item was for the Cleveland- Hendricks ticket. Pioneers are of the opinion that Antigo has never since witnessed such earnest political torch parades, pow wows and active political campaigning as the great election of 1884. While Blaine carried the county it was only by 126 votes. THE CAMPAIGN OF 1888. The campaign of 1888 turned the tide in favor of the Republicans and Benjamin Harrison, with free trade as the paramount issue, went into the President's chair. Langlade County endorsed Cleveland in the campaign by 1192 votes as against 774 for General Harrison. The election was equally exciting as that of 1884. When the returns showed Harrison and Morton as the victors a great log cabin demonstration was arrang- ed, Saturday, November 10, 1888. Music, a pro- cession, banners, horsemen and a general "bang up" prevailed. An amusing incident of the 1888 fight was related by an old timer telling how William Mar- thinson carried David Clements from Weed's mill to Clement's residence, a considerable distance, as pay- ment of a losing end of an election bet. THE GREAT FIGHT FOR FREE SILVER. The most exciting campaign in the history of the nation for years was the McKinley-Bryan contest of 1896. The coinage of free silver at a 16 to 1 ratio was the dominant issue. McKinley carried Langlade County by approximately five hundred votes. The campaign held sway over the entire nation from the time nominations were made until the inauguration of President-elect McKinley. Bryan, magnetic ora- tor, toured the country speaking to great crowds every- where. Republican and Democrat leaders were sent into Langlade County to aid their respective parties. Rallies, torchlight parades, political speeches and bar- becues enlivened the campaign in which party lines were broken and crossed in so many ways making its local phase notable in Langlade County political his- tory. THE POLITICAL WIGWAM OF 1896. The citizens of Antigo, chiefly Republicans, with the aid of some Gold Democrats and free silver pro- ponents alike, realized the need of a large meeting place during the political election of 1896. Accord- ingly carpenters, laborers, politicians and office seek- ers all joined hands and erected a monstrous wigwam, as it was called, on the present public library grounds. The great poles were hauled from the Kingsbury & Henshaw land just west of Neva road, opposite the McHale farm, north of Antigo. Most of the labor and material was donated. The framework of the wigwam was erected with great speed. A substan- tial building paper covered the rough wall boards. The interior was equipped with plank seats and a plat- form. The seating capacity was between fifteen hundred to two thousand. Antigo had a Bryan Club and a McKinley Club during that hot fought contest. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 35 Republican and Democrat campaign speeches alike were given in the wigwam. More interest was evinc- ed by the women of the county than ever before. McKINLEY CARRIES LANGLADE. Bryan was defeated but as he said "the year 1900 is not far away, the campfires of patriotism still burn" and the great Commoner to this day is a leader in American politics. The campaign of 1900 resulted again in the victory of McKinley and the Republicans. Langlade County gave McKinley five hundred majori- ty, the vote being 1596 for McKinley and 1084 for Bryan. The paramount issue was the monetory sys- tem and the tariff. In 1904, Alton B. Parker, Democratic presidential nominee was defeated by Roosevelt. Parker charged his defeat to followers of Bryan. Roosevelt carried Langlade County by a thousand votes. The campaign of 1912 is notable for developing the Bull Moose or Progressive Party under the leadership of Roosevelt, who defeated LaFollette of Wisconsin for Presidential nominee. William Howard Taft, eminently qualified, was nominated at Chicago by the Republicans. Some thought the nomination to be un- fair and the Progressive party was the result. Sena- tor La Follette broke with Roosevelt after the latter's nomination. Meanwhile the Democrats, through the influence of Bryan, nominated Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey and with the Republican forces divided the results were easy to forecast. Wilson was elected. He carried Langlade County by five hun- dred votes. Roosevelt lead Taft in Langlade Coun- ty and gained a greater vote than Taft in the nation. In 1916 with Europe at war, the United States neu- tral, Woodrow Wilson was swept into office on a plat- form, "He kept us out of war." Langlade County en- dorsed Wilson, giving him two-hundred more votes than Charles Evans Hughes, Republican nominee. The campaign of 1920 was one of the most memor- able in the history of the nation. President Wilson, broken in health, his ideals of a League of Nations shattered, looked on as James M. Cox, Ohio war Gov- ernor, leading the Democrats in a remarkable uphill battle, was overwhelmingly defeated by the Republi- cans, who nominated Warren G. Harding, U. S. Sena- tor from Ohio. Langlade County went Republican by two thou- sand votes. The paramount issue was the League of Nations and America's foreign policy. The Farmer- Labor party, new born, made a creditable showing. The Non-partisan League gained a following in Lang- lade County. The campaigns of 1884-1896 and 1920 are considered the most remarkable in American poli- tical history. We can only await the year 1924 to see if these contests are not superceded. THE YEAR 1924 IS NOT FAR AWAY. The battle lines of politics are beginning to be ar- rayed at this writing. The Democrats have many leaders as McAdoo, Pomerene, Bryan, Cox or Walsh, Presidential possibilities, but a dark horse has ample time to come up. Warren G. Harding, if alive, will un- questionably be the Republican choice again. The So- cialists may replace Debs with a man younger than he. Soldiers of the World War and the women will play an important part in the contest. The dead pro- gressives of 1912 may be reborn under a new title. Borah, La Follette, (who will be re-elected in Novem- ber, 1922), Johnson of California, James A. Reed and France of Maryland would be the timber for the new political coterie. The conservative policies of the Republicans are now a target. PERSONAL COUNTY POLITICS. Langlade County since its organization in 1880 has had, in its past and present political history many leaders who acquired their controlling influence through their own personal prestige and cordiality rather than through party principles. The day is pass- ing when men adhere to the narrowness of a one policy or party. Party lines are weakening. A man's character, his ability and his honesty figure largely in local politics. For that reason Langlade County may be Republican on national issues, but largely Demo- cratic on local affairs. DOMINANT PARTIES IN COUNTY. The dominant parties in the county have been Dem- ocrat and Republican. In 1884 and afterward for sometime the Prohibitionists or "third party" element was strong. The Socialist Party has been stronger in late years. There candidate for U. S. Senate, Vic- tor L. Berger, received 420 votes in the county in 1918. The Non-Partisan League organized in the county in 1919. Allied with various labor organizations in a Farmer-Labor League this party swept the county in the 1920 primaries, but was defeated in the general election. The Republican McCoy Club (Col. McCoy, of Sparta was then Democrat candidate for Governor against J. J. Blaine, Progressive Republican, whom the standpat Republicans repudiated) of Langlade County played an important part in the defeat of the Farmer-Labor group. The Republican county com- mittee was captured by the Farmer-Labor League and is still in their control. Issues resultant from the World War broke party ties. Democrat county offi- cers have been retained almost without exception, save for Sheriff, for many years. In 1922 the important battle in the county appears to be between the Progres- sives and the Stalwarts for control of Republican party affairs. "Rings," political aspirants, so-called ama- teur political "bosses" and "one man power" are talk- ed of in the county. LANGLADE COUNTY PRESIDENTIAL VOTE SINCE ORGANIZATION TO DATE. In 1880 there is no record of a Presidential vote in New County, but in 1881 a record of a Gubernatorial vote is given in Langlade County. Langlade County has voted Republican majorities six times and Demo- cratic majorities in Presidential elections four times. 36 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. The first Presidential vote was during the great Blaine and Logan and Cleveland and Hendricks campaign as follows : 1884 — Grover Cleveland, Democrat— 559 votes; James G. Blaine, Republican — 685 votes. 1888 — Grover Cleveland, Democrat — 1192 votes; Benjamin Harrison, Republican — 774 votes. 1892— Grover Cleveland, Democrat— 1299 votes; Benjamin Harrison, Republican — 877 votes; J. B. Weaver, Peoples Party — 13 votes; Bidwell, Prohibi- tionist — 31 votes. 1896— William J. Bryan, Democrat— 957 votes; Wil- liam McKinley, Republican— 1445 votes; J. W. Palmer — 21 votes. 1900— William J. Bryan, Democrat— 1084 votes; William McKinley, Republican — 1596 votes; Wooley, Prohibitionist — 48 votes; Eugene Debs, Socialist — 5 votes; J. F. Malloney, Social Labor— 5 votes. 1904 — Theodore Roosevelt, Republican— 2105 votes; A. B. Parker, Democrat — 1018 votes; Swallow, Prohi- bitionist — 46 votes; Socialist — 31 votes; Social Labor Party — 1 vote; Peoples Party — 2 votes. 1908— William J. Bryan, Democrat— 1340; William H. Taft, Republican— 1921 votes; Chafin, Prohibition- ist — 64 votes; Debs, Socialist — 33 votes. 1912 — Woodrow Wilson, Democrat — 1387 votes; William H. Taft, Republican— 710 votes; Theodore Roosevelt, Progressive — 810 votes; Chafin, Prohibi- tionist — 36 votes; Debs, Socialist — 91 votes. 1916 — Woodrow Wilson, Democrat — 1730 votes; Charles Evans Hughes, Republican — 1524 votes. 1920 — James M. Cox, Democrat — 1619 votes; War- ren G. Harding, Republican — 4059 votes; Debs, So- cialist — 189 votes; Watkins, Prohibitionist — 46 votes. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 37 CHAPTER XL Schools and Education State Land Grants — Ordinance of 1787 — First Langlade County School — Pioneer Teaching Meth- ods—Early Teachers — Graded and Consolidated Schools — Antigo High School — Public Schools — Parochial Schools — County Superintendents — Antigo Public Library — City Super- intendents — Antigo Pioneer Club — Wisconsin Geographical Society of Antigo — Langlade County Historical Society — Graduates by Classes from 1885-1922, inclusive, Antigo High School — Langlade County Normal. "That religion, morality and knowledge, being nec- essary to the government and happiness of mankind, schools and means of education shall be forever en- couraged," declared the Ordinance of 1787. At once the founders of this nation encouraged and fostered, in the organic law of government, education among the people. Thirteen years before Congress carved Wisconsin from the Northwest Territory, it set aside every six- teenth section within the limits of the proposed state for common school purposes, estimated at 1523 sec- tions. Later 72 sections were set aside as a Univer- sity fund. 72 addi- tional sections were granted the Universi- ty fund. This grant was assigned to sa- line lands, but other lands were substitut- ed. Various grants of land, too numer- ous to mention here and not of assistance in revealing the mo- tive of this chapter, were granted to the state for school funds at varying periods from 1848 to 1922. All lands and moneys were given to the state in trust in order to create a fund, the li - ^ **-^*"f ,»'"ifi. AN OLD LOG CABIN SCHOOL Typical of pioneer education in Langlade County. This school has been replaced by a modern brick structure. See photo in Forest District, Upham township. Bay. James Porlier, ancestral relative of Louis Por- lier, ex-Sheriff of Langlade County, was the instruc- tor. There were many private and religious schools in the state before 1836. Edward West taught the first public school in Town Kilbourn (now a part of Milwaukee). The first Wisconsin high school was established in 1846. Eleazer Root was the first State Superintendent of Wisconsin Schools. A free high school law was passed in 1875, five years before the organization of Langlade County, and carried with it an appropriation of $25,000.00. THE BENNET LAW —ITS REPEAL. Under the Terri- torial government state schools were under the jurisdiction of county commis- sioners, who were re- placed by the town superintendents. School boards of three members were later organized. Town superintend- ents were then re- sponsible to the County Clerk. This was an improvement. In early years Coun- ty Superintendents carried teacher's cer- "v a- j' f income of which might be added to other sources of revenue, with which public schools were maintained. Thus the total number of acres of land grants to the state aggregated nearly five million acres. Yet the income derived from such a vast area is far below what it should be. Powerful combines, making pleas for immigration, purchased thousands of acres of pub- lic school land grants and laid the foundation for large private fortunes. THE FIRST WISCONSIN SCHOOL. Pierre Grignon, son-in-law of Charles De Langlade opened a private school for French families at Green tificates and promiscuously distributed them to friends, regardless of teaching qualifications. The first man- ual for common schools was issued by State Superin- tendent Graham in 1882. Since then the annual school manual is published by the State Department of Education. In 1889, by the passage of the Bennet Law, making it compulsory for all children between ages of 7 and 14, to attend school at least 12 weeks and not more than 24 weeks, the educational system of the state be- came embroiled in politics. The Bennet Law was repealed in 1891 and a new compulsory law was in- stituted. 38 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. THE ORIGIN OF ARBOR DAY. Setting aside a day for the annual planting of trees was first proclaimed by the Governor of Nebraska in 1872. Hon. B. G. Northrop, Secretary of the Con- necticut Board of Education in 1865 was the first to suggest such a day. Observance of Arbor Day in Wisconsin on the first Friday of May is annually pro- claimed by the Governor. Arbor Day is also as- sociated with Bird Day, when children are instructed in the care and protection of birds. The Arbor Day manual of exercises and instructions is annually published by the State Department of Ed- ucation. Arbor Day has been the means of planting millions of trees throughout the United States. Since the World War many of the trees have been dedicated to fallen American heroes. LANGLADE COUNTY SCHOOLS. The dominating thought of the first settlers in Langlade County was to secure means and education for their children. It was not more than six months after the first permanent set- tlers came into east- ern Langlade County when the first schoo' house was erected. The first school was located on sec- tion 3, township 31, north, of range 14 east. The little log cabin, built in 1873, was roughly thrown together. While it was primitive it was the beginning of education in Langlade County. Miss Addie Wescott of Shawano was probably the first teacher. In this one room log structure, surrounded by dense forests, the children of the early settlers were taught the "three R's." The first pupils to attend school in the county were : Waldo A. Yates, Elton C. Larzelere. Levi R. Farrow, Etta B. Farrow and Carrie J. Larzelere. The teacher made arrange- ments to get a blackboard from Shawano. The stu- dents ranged in ages of from five to eighteen. Text books were not uniform yet from the "backwoods" schools, such as this one, were produced some of Langlade County's leading citizens. Lessons taught were Reading, Writing, Spelling, Arithmetic, History and Geography. The first schools had no maps. School terms were usually eight to nine months. The second school in the county was established at "Nine Mile Creek," now Hollister, and the third was erected at New, now known as Lily. He THE FIRST SCHOOL HOUSE IN ANTIGO. Miss .\nna Sheriff held sway during the first term. Xott scooped roof, the forest in the background and the o.xen. Guenthner is standing near the oxen. Ed. THE FIRST ANTIGO SCHOOL. The first school in Antigo was constructed of logs by a young man named Joseph Krause. He intend- ed to reside at the place, but instead took up a home- stead at or near Kempster. The school was located where the P. F. Kelly Implement Store is now, corner of Third Avenue and Superior Street and was opened in 1879. Miss Anna Sheriff, now Mrs. Peter O'Con- nor of White Lake, Elton township, proved capable and efficient as the first teacher. Other early teachers in Antigo were: Miss Sophia Deleglise, now Mrs. Sophia Leslie, Miss Carrie Her- man, Miss Nellie Williams, now Mrs. C. S. Leykom, Mrs. Maggie Hughes, Byron J. Oakley, the late F. J. Finucane, Elizabeth McGill, Virginia Pierson and Liz- zie Borgman. By 1883 Antigo had a graded school with three departments. The first Antigo school was typical of the pioneer. It had only two half windows in which to let light. The floor was made of rough odds and ends boards. The seats were made of bass- wood trees, "split in twain." The round sides were perforated with holes to receive pegs. Back rests and book shelves were absent. The little 1 o g school was warmed by a box stove that drove out the frost in the long dreary winters and smudged out the mosquito and fly in the spring and summer. THE FIRST HIGH SCHOOL. The High School department was established in the Village of Antigo in October, 1883. C. O. Marsh, first Principal, arrived in Antigo Tuesday, September 25, 1883. 41 pupils were enrolled before the 1883 term closed. Miss Agnes Donohue, the first gradu- ate, June 20, 1885, read an essay, "Character" as one of the numbers of the first high school exercises. Oth- ers who participated were: Lizzie Caldwell, Sybil Cor- nish, George Porter, Edith Logan and Dr. H. V. Mills, leader of the Forest City Orchestra. High School was first conducted in a frame building on the site of the public library. Not long after a two story frame building was erected on the site of the Second Ward School from which Miss Agnes Donohue graduated. This frame building was used until the first brick structure was erected in block 63, present site of the Antigo High School. When it was proposed to erect HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 39 a brick high school on that site it was covered with a thick growth of timber. It was owned by Hon. Francis A. Deleglise who presented it to the village for school purposes. February 9, 1890, the city council approved plans for the erection of the school. The building original- ly cost $16,500, but improvements and additions were made after its construction to keep pace with the in- Antigo's First High School. This building was located on the site of the present public library. THE NEW HIGH SCHOOL. Time was not lost to provide facilities for school purposes after the burning of the high school. Citi- zens, business places, lodges, and churches unani- mously came forth and offered rooms. Most of them were accepted. A special meeting of the Board of Education was called. President E. J. Goodrick ap- pointed a committee consisting of N. R. Babcock, R. S. Healy, Sr., and Walter Below to assist Superintend- ent H. S. Simmons secure rooms. The first building plans were discussed at once. E. J. Goodrick, W. B. McArthur, N. R. Babcock, Edgar Neff and George Palmiter were chosen as the Ways and Means Committee on construction. Robert Mess- mer, Milwaukee architect, was selected to prepare plans and specifications for a new school to cost not more than $100,000. This was in accordance with a resolution passed at a regular meeting of the city council, April 26, 1916. May 18, 1916, bids were opened and the contract for erecting the building was awarded to the Immel Construction Company of Fond du Lac for $96,000. Heating and ventilating appara- tus was installed by the General Heating & Ventilat- ing Company of Milwaukee. Louis Peters, Antigo plumber, was awarded the plumbing contract. The corner stone of the high school was laid amid THE PRESENT ANTIGO HIGH SCHOOL ERECTED IN iyiG-17 In less than fifty years the school population of Ant three crease in enrollment from year to year. The school served the rising generations faithfully until that bit- ter cold morning, January 6, 1916, when fire turned it into a heap of smouldering ruins. The Philakean De- bating Society held the last meeting in it, January 5, 1916. Valuable school records and trophies, most of which cannot be replaced, were burned. igo has grown from twenty pupils to approximately thousand. impressive and appropriate ceremonies in July, 1916. The high school, modern in every respect, was first used in the spring of 1917. It was officially accept- ed before the opening of the 1917-18 school term. The building committee consisted of N. R. Babcock, R. S. Healy, Sr., Walter Below, and Dr. F. C. Kestly. The flag pole was donated by N. R. Babcock. 40 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. WARD SCHOOLS. The contract for the erection of a two story brick school building in the 1st ward was awarded to Thom- as Solar, September 18, 1905, at a cost of $10,247. The school was completed and accepted in October, 1906. J. D. Chubb was the architect. The 1st ward school was named the T. D. Kellogg school in honor of T. D. Kellogg, then President of the Board of Ed- ucation. It is located in Daskam's 2nd sub-division. February 7, 1896, bids were received for erecting a four room two story school in the second ward. Thom- as Wright was awarded the contract at $6,868. Con- over & Porter, Madison, Wis., architects drafted plans and specifications for the building which was com- pleted in August, 1896. The school is at the inter- section of Clermont street and Second avenue. In 1899 the city authorized the issuance of $8,000 in bonds to build a two story school in the third ward. A one room frame building was used before then. The present school was completed and accepted in 1900. It is located in block 1 of the Mary Deleglise addition. It cost about $8,000. The fourth ward building contract was let to Thomas Solar at $11,630. ( He was also given a contract to build an addition on the high school at the same time, June 15, 1904.) The fourth ward was completed and ready for school purposes by the fall of 1904. The old frame structure was moved away by R. M. Briggs. The fourth ward is located in block 1 of Daskam's addition. All classes in the fifth ward are conducted i.i the high school building in block 63. On June 5, 1896, the Board of Education adopteJ a resolution requesting the city council to submit tD a referendum a proposition to borrow $7,003 from the state for a ten year term, $4,000 to be used to erect the sixth ward and $3,000 to meet a part of the con- tract price of the second ward. The resolution was rescinded June 19, 1896. March 1, 1897, the school board passed a resolution requesting the same loan. Meanwhile the Jaekel building (M. Krom Building) was used for school pur- poses. May 8, 1897, W. H. Nelson of Merrill was awarded the contract to build the sixth ward at $6,450. Conover & Porter were the archi- tects. The building was completed October 1, 1897. It is located in block 59, 7th avenue and Virginii street. PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS. In 1890, under the regime of Rev. William Takken, the St. John's Parochial School was erected. The cost was approximately $8,000. The increased en- rollment and growing demands necessitated additions and improvements that have been made during Rev. Conrad Saile's pastorship. These improvements have cost between $12,000 and $14,000. Enrollment at St. John's parochial school in 1922 was 487 — 255 boys and 232 girls. The school is in charge of Fran- cisan Sisters, ten of whom teach the various grades. It is located at the corner of Fulton Street and Sev- enth Avenue, block 57. St. Hyacinth parochial school was erected in 1908. It is in charge of two Sisters. The average attend- ance is 84 pupils in grades ranging from the first to the eighth. This school is located on Edison street in block 23, original plat of Antigo. The Phlox parochial school is discussed in Nor- wood township. The Antigo Evangelical Peace parochial school was established in 1897. Since 1902, the old church, north of the present edifice, has been used as the school. Two teachers are in charge. The old school was located west of the present church site. Grades range from first to eighth. COUNTY SCHOOLS. The first Langlade County Superintendent's report was made November 17, 1881 by George T. Ratcliffe. It was a well written review of the rural schools. The schools of the county were then in a chaotic condition. Rolling and Norwood townships were credited with the best schools in the county in 1881. Sixteen teachers had charge of the entire rural school system at that time. In 1881, there were but nine school districts as compared with eighty in 1922. The first school dis- ti'icts were subdivided into 12 sub-districts. The first county teacher's institute was held in October, 1881. A Langlade County Teacher's Association was organ- ized but never functioned successfully at that early date. The total enrollment in the rural schools in 1921 was 3285 pupils. The number of teachers engaged in rur- al and graded schools exclusive of Antigo, was 107 ac- cording to 1921 official reports. Langlade County has three consolidated schools: Parrish District No. 1 of Summit township. Summit Lake District No. 1 of Upham township and District No. 1 of Kent, Langlade and Price township districts consolidated. Two union free high schools were recently establish- ed. One, the Union Free High School of Districts 1, 4 and 5 of Langlade township is located at White Lake. The other was erected in 1921 at Elcho. Both offer four year courses. The cost of educating the pupils in the rural schools of Langlade County is approximately $58 per pupil. The following is a list of Langlade County Superin- tendents of Schools since 1881 : George Ratcliffa — 1881-1885; A. H. Morris— 1885-1887; Dr. J. H. Daw- ley— 1887-1888; Edward Nordman— 1888-1895 ; H. F. Morson— 1895-1896; Edward Nordman— 1896-1901 ; C. 0. Marsh— 1901-1903; A. M. Arveson— 1903-1919; Bertha Moss — 1919-1922, (present incumbent). Mis; Mattie McMillan elected in 1919 did not qualify. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. The first free library opened in Antigo April 17, 1897. in the F. A. Millard building, now 711 Fifth Ave- nue. 172 volumes were in use. In 1898, Mrs. A. K. Brush, most influential in organizing the library, aided HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 41 in increasing the volumes to 450 in number. The li- brary was open two times a week, Tuesdays and Sat- urdays. Camilla Thrall was Secretary. Rules were : 1. — No one allowed behind desk except librarian. 2. — No cards issued to children under 12. 3. — Unneces- sary conversation prohibited. The semi-annual anniversary of the opening was celebrated November 5, 1897. A book social was held at the Congregational Church. All present do- nated a book to the library. New quarters were pro- vided in the City Hall in October, 1900. At this time Friendship Union, W. C. T. U., which had reading rooms over Molle's Jewelry Store, donated tables, books and magazines to the newly created library board. THE FIRST LIBRARY BOARD. When the W. C. T. U. agreed to turn over their tables and equipment to the city provided the city would ex- pend $500 for necessities for a public library the first step toward the practical solution of the library pro- blem was taken. The city agreed and the library was formally opened December 29, 1900, in the City Hall. The first librarian in the city hall library was Miss Jane Ogilvie. The library remained there until the Carne- gie Library was erected in 1904. C. F. Dallman, An- tigo contractor and architect, erected the present library. neely. President; Mrs. E. A. Morse, Vice-president; Mrs. Charles La Blonde, City Commissioner Frank Dvorak, Superintendent of City Schools, A. M. Arveson, Ernest Hirt, C. W. Van Doren and Miss Edith Rectygl, librarian, who is secretary of the board. OLD SETTLERS CLUB. The Antigo Pioneer Club was formed by Jessie Arm- strong, S. E. Leslie, D. F. Chandler, Jule Grant, H. M. Chandler, A. P. Menting, W. H. Dawley, and G. J. Schintz, November 22, 1891. The purpose of the club was to "maintain and manage fishing and sporting fa- cilities at Moose Lake, Norwood township." WISCONSIN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY. The Wisconsin Geographical Society organized in 1883 to collect and diffuse geographical data, books, pamphlets, old and new, for the benefit of posterity, was active for many years. Its first officers were : President— L. W. Bliss; Vice-President— F. A. Dele- glise and Secretary — W. H. Dawley. LANGLADE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY. The Langlade County Historical Society was organ- ized at the City Hall, May 14, 1921. Mayor Charles J. Hanzel opened the meeting. Officers elected were: THE .\XTIGO PUBLIC LIBRARY ERECTED IN 1U04. Equipped then with but 152!) volumes, it now has 11,525 voknnes at the command of the Langlade County reading public. The County Normal is located in the library building, second floor. The first library board and directors were appoint- ed by Mayor I. D. Steffen. Members were : Mrs. E. P. Bridgeman, F. J. Finucane, Frank Ringsmith, C. S. Leykom, Mrs. J. F. Albers, Mrs. M. F. Crowe, Miss Anna Kelly, Frank Glugla and C. 0. Marsh. The board elected these officers: President — F. J. Finu- cane; Vice-President — Mrs. J. F. Albers and Secretary — Miss Anna Kelly. The library board meets the first Tuesday of each month. The present board is as follows : G. K. Me- President — George W. Latta; Vice-Presidents*— Judge J. W. Parsons, Mrs. Anna Morrissey and Frank Dvor- ak; Secretary — Robert M. Dessureau; Treasurer — Mrs. Sophia Leslie; Board of Directors — Edward Goe- bel, John McGreer, Mrs. Sophia Leslie, Mrs. Anna Morrissey, Charles Hoeffler, George W. Latta and Robert M. Dessureau. The Advisors selected were: J. C. Lewis, Edward McCandless, Anton Nowotny, W. H. Dawley and William H. Wolpert. Besides collecting historical data the society will 42 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. place markers and tablets at locations of historical note in Langlade County. ANTIGO SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS. The history of Langlade County would be incom- plete without the names of the City Superintendents of Antigo and also the principals of the Antigo High School. They are given herewith with the dates they served. Up to the year 1915-16 the City Superin- tendent also acted as principal of the High School. For that reason his name is not repeated under the list of principals. C. O. M.\RSH. Who came to Antigo in 188.'! and liccanie the first City Superintendent of Schools. Year. City Superintendent. 1884-1885 1885-1886 1886-1887 1887-1888 1888-1889 1889-1890 1890-1891 1891-1892 1892-1893 1893-1894 1894-1895 1895-1896 1896-1897 1897-1898 1898-1899 1899-1900 1900-1901 1901-1902 1902-1903 1903-1904 1904-1905 1905-1906 1906-1907 1907-1908 1908-1909 C. O. Marsh C. 0. Marsh John O'Hara John O'Hara John O'Hara John O'Hara J. E. Hoyt W. H. Williams W. H. Williams C. 0. Marsh C. 0. Marsh C. 0. Marsh C. O. Marsh C. 0. Marsh C. 0. Marsh F. F. Showers F. F. Showers F. F. Showers F. F. Showers Myron E. Keats W. H. Hickok W. H. Hickok W. H. Hickok W. H. Hickok W. H. Hickok 1909-1910 W. H. Hickok 1910-1911 W. H. Hickok 1911-1912 1912-1913 W. H. Hickok R. A. Brandt H. S. Principal 1913-1914 R. A. Brandt Edward F. Merbach 1914-1915 R. A. Brandt Edward F. Merbach 1915-1916 H. S. Simmons Edward F. Merbach 1916-1917 H. S. Simmons Edward F. Merbach 1917-1918 Ernest Her Edward F. Merbach 1918-1919 Ernest Her Edward F. Merbach 1919-1920 Ernest Her Edward F. Merbach 1920-1921 R. A. Brandt H. H. Theisen 1921-1922 R. A. Brandt H. H. Theisen 1922-1923 J. F. Waddell H. H. Theisen AN EARLY ANTIGO SCHOOL REPORT— 1884. December 5, 1884, C. O. Marsh of the new Antigo High School reported as follows regarding school con- ditions. The report is given to show the change in the schools during the past thirty-eight years. HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT. Number of pupils enrolled 31 Average daily attendance 28 Aggregate attendance 230 Names of pupils neither absent or tardy: Agnes Donohue, Lucy Bliss, Viria Mellor, Emmo.n Badger, Carrie Censky, Kalie Donohue, Maggie Donohue, Wil- lie Dresser and Marion McDona'd. C. 0. MARSH, Principal. GRAMMAR DEPARTMENT. Number of pupils enrolled 24 Average daily attendance 22 Aggregate attendance 412 Names of pupils neither absent or tardy: Mina Ba- con, Itola Baker, Tracie Censky, Elizabeth Flynn, Emma Heller, Anna Locks, Josie McKusker, Louisa Romeis and Mamie Sheriff. EMMA L. ATWOOD, Teacher. "B" GRAMMAR AND "A" INTERMEDIATE SIDE. Number of pupils enrolled 57 Average daily attendance 49 Aggregate attendance 931 Names of pupils neither tardy nor absent: Willie Roake, Annie Jensen, Abbie Hoffman, Martin Marek, Lela Baker and George Beemer. INTERMEDIATE DEPARTMENT. Number of pupils enrolled 48 Average daily attendance 38 Aggregate attendance 761 Names of pupils neither absent nor tardy: Eva Bow- man, Minnie Burdick, Burr McMartin, Clayton Nickel, Simmie Warren, Maggie Spencer, Lena Rusch, Ira Meaghers, Lily Fishback, Tressa Ball, Johnie Good- win, Charlie Klopper, Anna Smith, Millie Moody, Ada Gibbs and Lizzie Mader. LIZZIE McGILL, Teacher. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 43 FIRST PRIMARY DEPARTMENT. Number enrolled 35 Average daily attendance 28 Aggregate attendance 535 Names of pupils neither tardy nor absent: Eddie Long, Johnie Santners, Eddie Fishback, Wentzel Wan- ninger, Wentzel Cherf, Lillie Jensen, Evert Webley, Frances Sheriff. EMMA J. CRONE. Teacher. SECOND PRIMARY DEPARTMENT. Number enrolled 49 Average daily attendance 43 Aggregate attendance 819 Names of pupils neither tardy nor absent: Ella Rosh, Amanda Zilkey, Tilly Hoffman, Lydia Rush, Nellie Anderson, Carrie Robinson, Anna Johnson, Kit- tie Sipes, Georgie Neff, Irvie Rice, Marion Spencer, Daniel Driscoll, Bertie Allen, Artie Nichol, Allek Mc- Martin, Georgie Zilkey, Artie Webb, Henry Berner and Maggie Ball. MRS. R. G. WEBB, Teacher. WEST SIDE SCHOOL. Number of pupils enrolled 58 Average daily attendance 45 Aggregate attendance 869 Names of pupils neither tardy nor absent: Eddie Kelly, Ella Kelly, Frank Marek, Mat McCarthy, Jos- eph Tomany, Barbara Tomany, Lena Wood, Alice Mills, Barbara Fa Vortsky. BELLE McCUSKER, Teacher. SUMMARY. Whole number of days taught 19 Whole number of pupils enrolled 302 Average daily attendance 253 Whole number neither tardy nor absent 79 Among the names of the pupils are some of the now prominent citizens of Larglade County. TOTAL NUMBER HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES, From but one graduate in 1885 the Antigo High School has grown to be one of the best known of Wis- consin schools. It has turned out 1,147 graduates in the time from 1885-1922 inclusive. The largest class in the history of the school was the 1922 class. The class of 1921 ranks second. No better statistical index can be produced than this to prove the steady and con- tinued progress of a community. GRADUATES OF THE ANTIGO HIGH SCHOOL BY YEARS FROM 1885-1922 INCLUSIVE. In a work of this character it is difficult to compile that data which is essential and which posterity will find of value. January 6, 1916, the Antigo High School was destroyed by fire and with it all valuable records including the list of the high school graduates from 1885 to 1915. The writer has therefore with great difficulty gathered an accurate list of the high school graduates by classes, which is given herewith. CLASS OF 1885. Miss Agnes Donohue. First Antigo High School graduate. CLASS OF 1886. June 11. Sybil Cornish, Lucy W. Bliss, Mary A. Otto, George E. Porter, Emma R. Molzberger, Viria E. Mellor, Louis D. Chamberlain, Esther M. Springstead, Edith M. Logan.— Total 9. CLASS OF 1887. July 1. Marion McDonald, Clara Alton, Andrew McQueen, Russell Wheeler, lone Ross, Mary McQueen. — Total 6. CLASS OF 1888. June 15. Marion McDonald. The course was changed in 1888 to a four year term. Miss McDonald remained in High School after grad- uating in 1887 and "re-graduated." CLASS OF 1889. Louis Romeis, Itola Baker, Margaret Kavanaugh, Lizzie Caldwell, Willie Dresser. — Total 5. CLASS OF 1890. June 20. Kittie Donohue, William Kennerd and Anna Jen- sen. — Total 3. CLASS OF 1891. June 17. Michael Donohue, Harley C. Logan, Hulda Nue- man, Lydia Romeis, Mamie Sheriff. — Total 5. CLASS OF 1892. June 10. J. Joseph Flynn, John P. McHale, F. William Olden- burg. — Total 3. CLASS OF 1893. June 16. Blanche B. Friend, Anna B. Chicks, Margaret W. Hessel, James Kavanaugh. — Total 4. CLASS OF 1894. June 14. May Cornish, Pearl Drew, Mabel Hafner, Jessie Henshaw, Louise Henshaw, Theresa Sloan. — Total 6. CLASS OF 1895. June 5. Rosalind B. Hogben, Hattie B. Goessling, Mary E. Locks, Cora Mabel Palmiter. — Total 4. CLASS OF 1896. June 10. Mary J. Spencer, J. R. Williams, M. Vaughn Mc- Mullen, Roy K. Dorr, Amy R. Mason, Leslie M. Fow- ler, Lily A. White.— Total 7. 44 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CLASS OF 1897. June 10. Alvin Sylvanus Chamberlain, James Lawrence Dono- hue, Daniel Patrick Driscoll, Theresa Katherine Dris- coll, Orlando H. Frick, Oliver Berr.ard Kohl, James Henry Hopkins, Emma Marion Kupps, Maud Abigail Latta, Richard John McMullen, Harriette Abbey Sax- ton, Marie Stengl, Clara Harrington Wooledge, Gaius Sibley Wooledge. — Total 14. CLASS OF 1898. June 10. Fred L. Berner, Myrtle Elsa Dawley, Frank T. Don- er, Eugene J. Donohue, Theresa Donohue, Fred C. Du- chac, Peter J. Dunn, R. Gertrude Hanks, Nellie A. Nelson, Arthur L. Strasser, Charles L. Willard, John B. Wooledge.— Total 12. CLASS OF 1899. Bessie Janes, Clara Kunst, Pearl Beattie, Payson Bridgman, Harry Dawley, Zura Fowler, Mabel Frick, John Friend, Myrtle Merrill, Ida Nelson, Caleb Ogden, May Robinson, Tillie Schuetz, Arthur Strong, Emma Strong, Daisy Bussum. — Total 16. CLASS OF 1900. June 14. Roxana May Baxter, Lizzie M. Besancon, Alice Julia Brandow, Louis W. Bridgman, Francis Frederick Brush, Hilda A. Carpenter, J. D. Webb Chamberlain, Erwin Couch Dawley, James P. Driscoll, Arna Eliza- beth Fischer, Jennie Vivian Goessling, Harriet Ann Hill, Everet D. Humphrey, Lottie Mae Sweeney, Pearl A. Williams.— Total 15. CLASS OF 1901. June 7. Edward Brush, Josephine Donohue, Ida Meaghers, Edward St. Clair, Emma Sipek, Lee Taylor, Ray Walch, Delbert Williard, Harry Wooledge.— Total 9. CLASS OF 1902. June 11. Anna Beard, Edith Beard, Irene Day, Alice Donohue, Winnifred Donohue, Frances Duchac, Ruth Dorr, Mary Flanagan, Blanche Frick, Euphemia Hill, Florence Hudson, Jennie Humphrey, Selma Kunst, Grace Lat- ta, Meda Lewins, Bessie Lewis, Amelia Matthias, Laura Millard, Verna Pardee, Theresa Reindl, Albina Sipek, Alice Smolk, Bernice Steffen, Claire Thursby, Eslie Webley, Otto Berner, John Cleary, Jesse Conway, Ernest Dawley, Irving Hull.— Total 30. CLASS OF 1903. June 11. Floy H. Allerton, Elsie Hirt, Clara A. Horn, A. Barbara Michaelson, Dagmar M. Nelson, Joseph Nei- genfind, John Novotny, M. Edith St. Clair, G. W. Stengl, Joseph Stengl, Louis E. Wahl, Winifred G. Watson, William E. Donohue. — Total 13. CLASS OF 1904. June 10. George D. Crowe, Grace J. Stewart, William F. Mey- ers, Burt L. Tradewell, Henry J. 01k, Arthur McCarey, Clara M. Kramer, Edith Trusdell, Pearl A. Dalton, Doris E. Baxter, Oscar H. Seaman, Anne E. Weix, Theodore J. Dunnewald, Adolph Shipek, Mary A. Brandt, Blanche M. Nelson, Joseph Shapiro, Harry G. Andrews, Alice E. Jensen. — Total 19. CLASS OF 1905. June 15. Agnes Marie Cleary, Marjorie Theresa Hall, Erma Edith Hessel, Myrtle Viletta Kellogg, Georgiana Wini- fred Latta, John Wallace Leykom, Roland Osborne Marsh, Ada Belle Morgan, Lyman Allen Steffen, Arthur Frank Trever, Ralph Edwin Krause, Ivah Jeanette Dobbs, Esther Louise Byerly, Pearl Harriet Nelson, Olin Albert Ladwig, Ida May Hudson, Wini- fred Emma Below, Fred Albert Novak, Clara Andrea La Mere.— Total 19. CLASS OF 1906. June 7. Laurinda Anna Albers, King Myron Bacon, William Dudley Burton, Harry Frank Humphrey, Mabel Flor- ence Jewell, Mary Celestia Ladwig, John Paul Rauen, Elizabeth Marie Day, Theresa Vera Bretl, Gertrude Mathilda Deierlein, Clara Alvina Brockhaus, Wesley Dolphus Goodwin, Lettie Edith Jamieson, Catherine Irene Kennedy, Annie Nora Kaven, Claudia Agnes McKinnon, Amable Medard Miller, Hope Angela Mul- loy, Edwin Eugene Palmer, Mary Catherine Riley, Ethel Irene Roberts, George Jule Schoblasky, Char- lotte Mary Tobey, Norman Irvy Tollefson, Nannie J. Congleton, Walter Peter Nelson, Lillian V. Nelson, Alfred C. Winters.— Total 28. CLASS OF 1907. June 6. John Albers, Julia Andrews, Hugh Campbell, James Charlton, Theodosia Goodwin, Eva Hoffman, Malinda HoUey, Faye Kingsbury, Earl Laughlin, Glenn Millard, Edith Rudolph, Neva Stewart, Violet Stout, Bessie Taylor, Veronica Weeks, Emma White, Wilbert Wil- son, William Hughes, William Andrews, Maud Aucutt, William Bard, Cyrus Beard, Mary Borth, Arbelle Bran- dow, Vesta Byerly, Emma Belsky, Harry Clements, Edward Fischer, Lucy Gilman, Cora Hungerford, Agnes Johnson, Av. Klever, Stephen Kozarek, Anna Mattek, Mary Moss, Emil Novak, Charles Novot- ny, J. N. Prokupek, George Raymond, Mary Schmitz, Joseph Schultz, Rose Singer, Harry Stasek, Joseph J. Tessar, Emily Johnson, Anton Schmutzer. — Total 46. CLASS OF 1908. June 4. Clara Ideal Waterman, Grace Helen Robinson, Martha Valeria Petrofsky, Walter A. F. York, Homer Curtis Beattie, Raymond Walter Cleary, Frances May Hessler, Le Roy George Hoffman, William George Krause, Jessica Catherine Madsen, Marshall John HlSTO!iY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 45 Miller, Mary Anna Reindl, Kathryn Frances Wage, Mae Maggie Taylor, Neal Francis Crowe, George Jos- eph Miller, Joseph Victor Duchac, Elizabeth Mary Healy, Elizabeth Mary Knox, Archie Borg Lendved, Myrtle Isabel Maltby, Clarence C. Fenn, Harold Vin- cent 01k, Rudolph John Stengl, Otis Oliver Wheeler, George Washington Schmitz, Everette Kellogg Mor- gan, Madge F. Hoyt, Russell Carhart Hall, Ida Clair Schaefer, Paul Wilterding Dunnewald, Mabelle Elliott Henshaw, Anietta Ross, Thomas Buffum Kellogg, Elsa Herman Goebel. — Total 35. CLASS OF 1909. June 10. Le Roy Gordon Cunningham, Ruth Hazel Allerton, Arthur William Brandner, Eleanore Pauline Buchen, Irene Mary Byrne, Daniel Albert Dallman, Lillian May Dobbs, Vera Estelle Briggs, Jesse Theodore Drake, Elizabeth Mae Duchac, Eileen M. Duggan, Lulu Irene Garrett, John Daniel Gillis, Ethel Ellen Gillman, May Elizabeth Guenthner, Harry Helmuth Heidman, Har- riet Margaret Houck, Ida Mae Humble, Harry Frank Jewell, Beth Pearl Judson, Nellie Irene Kitt, Elmar August Kohl, Blanche Bessie Lewins, Kathryn Marie Valeria Loos, Nannie Loretta Maloney, Ella May Ran- dall, Winnie E. Lore, Clarence Alfred Mader, Hazel Mildred Reynolds, Earl Vilas Rudolph, Lillian Mar- guerite Sargent, Anna Marie Schroeder, Dorothy Louise Schultz, Kathleen Virginia Dana, Edna Made- leine Hoffman, Veda Sue Marsh, Arnold Burton Mil- lard, Gladys Clare Mills, Alice Marie Pardee, Dexter Culver Van Ostrand, Irvin Arnold White, Frank Joseph Pliska.— Total 42. CLASS OF 1910. June 9. Jessie E. Arentsen, Guy L. Aucutt, Edna Louise Beattie, Erna E. Below, Margaret E. Bonnell, Velma Julia Brooks, Lann Bryant, Gilbert W. Burnet, George A. Carley, Elizabeth B. Cleavland, Marie Antoinette Dana, Edith L. Daskam, Paul H. Dawley, Ruth Ethel Dobbs, Nellie E. Dresser, Walter H. Ebert, Emma Mae Fischer, William H. Fischer, Minnard F. Frederickson, Paul J. Glugla, Helene G. A. Hanson, Minnie A. Hel- bich. Alma Hoffman, Arthur A. Hoffman, Harriet Electa Holley, John F. Honzik, John A. Jacobus, Mary Edith Janes, Mary C. Keelan, Louis L. Koles, John L. Laughlin, Blanche Eleanora Leslie, Mable Louise Malt- by, Clara M. Meyer, Ella Rose Meyer, Paul Vilas Mil- lard, J. Harold Morris, Leona McDonald, Charles A. Norem, Gordon F. O'Connor, Clarence L. 01k, Leo Lyle Otis, Bernard P. Pliska, Anna C. Podlewski, Or- nie A. Preston, Maud E. Prosser, Gertrude Sparks, Frank C. Stewart, Mollie E. Stewart, Mary Laura Tay- lor, A. Mortimer Van Ostrand, William H. Wall, Florence Claire Waste, Amelia Kathryn Weix, Lena B. Wendorf, Helen C. Wierek, J. Herman Yentz, Blanche E. Zahl.— Total 58. CLASS OF 1911. June 8. Lee Briggs, June Barber, William Brown, Edmund Byerly, Katherine Byrne, Effie Chute, Shirley Camp- bell, Emmet Cleary, Ruth Clements, Emily Driggs, John Driscoll, Esther English, James Flannagan, Edna Frederickson, Nellie Fowler, Floyd Frink, Clarence Gray, Dora Heckman, Ralph Hudson, Eva Jewell, Julius Jordon, Martha Kaske, Carl Lee, William Lord, Victoria Madison, Kenneth Maxwell, Elwyn Nelson, Hazel Betters, James Prosser, John Pliska, Elizabeth Preston, Walter Rowlinson, Laura Relyea, George Reader, Nellie Rammer, Bessie Rockwood, Peter Sleet- er, Agnes Spychalla, Paul Stengl, Harry Shapiro, Edna Schultz, Wencel Stasek, Glynden Steffen, Bernice Ste- wart, Mary Strong, Marion Tosch, Ruben Tollefson, Mae Van Vleet, Lynn Weaver, Claire Wedeman. — Total 50. CLASS OF 1912. Margaret Mary English, Harvey Weaver, Eva Jane Church, Carroll Quinlan, Claire Alice Laughlin, Mayme Lombard, John Sipek, Helen Janaszak, Joseph Gold- berg, Harriette Elizabeth Streich, Hugh William Byrne, Anna Martin, Hermis Francis Dionne, Lyda May Leutsker, Robert Leslie, Irma Marie Wunderlich, Edward Shipek, Agnes Marie Bonnell, John Wright, Inez Sparks, Hazel Elizabeth Kelly, George A. Jicha, Alice Jane Doucette, William Michael Keelan, Mary McFadden, Dorothea Elizabeth Birdsell, Frank Jacob Koutnik, Ida Grosow, Earl W. Messinger, Hazel Mae Cunningham, Lloyd Chester Raymond, Mercy Adelyn Rockwood, Roy Vernon Gilmore, Mary Alice Healy, Arthur Edward Clegg, Earl Vincent McCarey, Anna Shapiro, Bemis Daskam, Jane Marie Crowley, Edward William Franzke, Frank W. Plzak, Minnie Caroline Kaska, Harold Boll, Mary Kloida, John Irving Wall, Sylvia Cornelia Anderson, Robert Wing Hemingway, Irene Gwendolyn McKenna, Harold John Rayworth, Madge Sisel, Stanislaus Stephen Jordon, Fred A. Kol- erus, Joseph Henry McClelland, Hiram Gustave Horn. —Total 54. CLASS OF 1913. June. Lillian Louise Libert, Martha Margaret Weix, Ed- ward Trippe, Fern Robinson, Fay Robinson, Theodore LeRoy Sloat, Margaret M. English, Phillip Hoffman, Georgia Burton, Carl 0. Duchac, Harland Andrew Marceau, Marguerite Allegra Eversz, George W. Gib- son, Eleanor E. Larzelere, Howard Wallace Jaekel, Edward J. Koudelka, Ruby Fehring, Anna Louise Hirt, Glendola M. Bryant, Walter Robert Voight, Lillian R. Censky, Edward C. Zellmer, Noble E. Guile, Robert C. Dewey, Julia Edeal Wade, Lloyd Eugene Fitzgerald, Myra M. Leslie, John Kakes, Mary Phoebe Campbell, Alice Alberta Farnham, Mary Loraine Holley, Frank Tweedie Lynde, Florian Agnes Sims, Irving Charles Green, Esther T. Wanninger, Kathleen Genevieve Dug- gan, James Ira Pentony, Louise Anna Maltby, Bert Er- rington Hale, Mary Belsky, Frank Duchac, Mable Ruth Evenson, Lloyd Stone Brooks, Leonore Lavoy, John Phillip Oxley, Alice Elizabeth Hull, Elmer Harry Frey, Stella Irene Hickey, George Benjamin Griffiths, Mar- tha Gertrude Pliska, Vira Marclette Briggs, Homer Walter White, Polina Antoinette Benishek, Joe W. 46 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Gillis, Lola Dean Frink, Grace Gwendolyn Edee, Ella Harriet Wigderson. Harry John Kelly, Marie A. Ray- worth, Anna Novotny, Esther Judson. — Total 61. CLASS OF 1914. Gertrude Marcel Congleton, Katherine Kunegunda Bierzynski, Grace Rosalind Finucane, Lillian Griffiths, Daniel Francis Healy, Anna Rachel Hughes, William Henry Kohl, Margaret Florence Manthey, Joseph B. Feil, Esther Marie Raschke, Alexander Houck, Helen Annette Benishek, Ruth Anna Feller, Harold Sargent, Bertha Elma Hirt. Robert William Hughes, Florence Pauline Madsen, William McNamara, Jessica Rosalind Riley, Lawrence Sargent, Vernon J. Quigley, Mabel Christeen Beyer, Frank D. Winter, Clara May Hull, Donald White. Anita Eleanor Howard, Roy Messen- ger, Gratia May Moss, Alma Loretta Polar, Arthur Louis Bacon, Mayme Ziegelbauer, Harry Roy Green, Catherine Anna Crowley, Fred Benjamin Stacek, Mary Imogene Ralph, Erwin Henry Yentz, Mary E. Tomany, James Schultz, Mary A. Kalouner, John Anthony Spy- challa. Vera May Wunderlich, Elma Marguerite Bard- well.— Total 42. CLASS OF 1915. Doris Evelyn Allerton, Reney Olive Apker, George Gordon Bemis, Elmer James Boll, Blanche Gladys Briggs, Clara Edythe Censky, Mabel Luella Clark, Margaret Daskam, Margaret Blanche Donohue, Frank Joseph Dvorak, Clarence Michael Elliott, Louis Orland Evenson, Quirin George Ewen, Clement M. Flanagan, Rose Henryetta Friebel, Luella Marie Garrity, Archie Edward Gillis, Benjamin Goldberg, Evelyn Marquerite Gray, Raymond Scott Griffith, Helen Louise Hayner, Lewis Tillman Hayner, Irma Charlotte Hayssen, Gladys Marie Herman, Blanche Marie Jewell, Arthur Alexander Johnson, Alice Adele Jordon, John Alois Jordon, Horace Bauter Kellogg, Eugene Ogden Kiefer, Florence Marion Larzelere, Lois Juanita Leykom, Roy Delbert Lindsay. Sanford Fred Marsh, Margaret Cath- erine McMillan, Kathryn Mercedes Miller, M. Virginia Morrissey, Pearl Margaret Murphy, Regina Margaret Novotny, Helen Grace Paull, Valerie Althea Poshinski, Rusk Potter, James Ralph, Esther Katherine Rayworth, Irene Margaret Reader, Arthur James Romeis, Henry George Schroeder, Adolph Bernard Skibba, Margaret Lois Steffen, Ethel Margaret Tillotson, Marion Rose Ver Bryck, Lucille Gertrude Wigderson, Maitland Pape Williams, Margaret Marie Wright. Arthur Christian Zimmerman. — Total 55. CLASS OF 1916. Marion A. Duchac, Klara Lukas, Frank Wojtasiak, Bert Nixon, Hugh L. Lewis, Edward Winter, Elizabeth B. Benishek, Agnes Kevan, Eugene McKenna, Merton McNamara, Warren Williams. Anne Marion Burnet, Bernard Keelan, Vivian H. McCandless, Christina A. Koutnik, Nora Irene Wirig, Earl Frey, Ethel Beryl Gilmore, Francis Hurley, Nettie Follstad, Guy E. Janes, Blanche M. Martin, Earl Crowe, Ethel Helen Rezek. Elmer B. Arentsen, Margaret A. Quinlan, Harry E. Moss, Margaret Moss, Raymond Rutherford Clegg, Grace Wright, Reuben Kenneth Monroe, Agnes Stengl, Robert D. Millard, Marion Irene Hull, Raymond J. Wagner, Gertrude Berner, Bert M. Turney, Irene Dele- glise, Arthur Raymond Wall, Helen Patricia Crowley, Joe Loper, Estelle Bennington Bryant, Noble Ander- son, Louise Annette Kohl, Pearl A. Lindsay, Laurence Gaudette, E. Ilene Mustard, Herbert W. Frisch, Jane Elizabeth Weeks.— Total 49. CLASS OF 1917. Helen Apolena Belsky, Evelyn Blanche Boll, Mar- quette Seraphine Cleary, William Elmer Coddo, Cary C. Couch, Grace Marie CuUen, Gladys De Loye, Robert M. Dessureau, Ida Frances Feil, Irene Fierst, Annette Catherine Fitzgerald, Mary Frederick, James Cletus Garrity, Harriet Elizabeth Hammond, Marie Hecker, Alice Genevieve Helmbrecht, Rose Roberta Hermann, Gladys Marie Hopkins, Byron Willard Hunter, Vernon Lloyd Hunter, Rose Clare Kalouner, Flora May Kaske, James Koutnik, Howard Krueger, Raymond Carl Lang, Evelyn Eleanor Laughlin, Mabel Ethlyn Leslie, Ray- mond Loper, Emma Marcella Mattek, Harry Eugene Mills, Terrill Morson, Kenyon Moyer, Edward McDon- ald, Mayme Albert McArthur, Vernon James McHale, Mayme Virtue Novotny, Olga Olson, Emma Paiser, Harold Woodford Pond, Roy Herman Rezek, Marie Agnes Sheehan, Dora Agnes Sisel, Marian Caldwell Strong, Blanche Wilamine Teske, Mildred Alice Uhl, Ruth Mildred Wunderlich, Ralph John Yentz, Jessie Regina Young. — Total 48. CLASS OF 1918. Marion Kathryn Hudson, Lewis William Kruger, Kathryn Marion Kiefer, Orville Chester Green, Eva Lindsay, Marjorie Hecker, Frank J. O'Bester, Irene E. Dumas, Howard Warren, Orpha Babcock, Mildred Beatrice Viel, Earl E. Evenson, Mildred Pauline Potter, Paul James Kavanaugh, Marian Frances Jones, Eliza- beth Marquerite Folk, Edward Hallada, Minnie Luella Grassel, Edward William Mattek, Louise M. Buerger, Vivian Merie Apker, Dewey Johnson, Leona Hilla Van De Wall, Wiley Peter Koelzer, Lillian Sipek, Frances Marian Reznichek, Arthur Rynders, Edna Otelia Nagel, Earl E. Craine, Theresa Walsh, Frar.ces Cle- mantine Modi, Raymond Richard Kitt, Margaret Caro- line Mosher, William Morgan Knott, Agnes Prastil, Irma Leola Weeks. Charles A. Capek, Eileen Mc- Namara, Dennis Sylvester Donohue, Eloise Pauline Valentine, Marquerite Estelle Driscoll. Charles Leo Gardaphe, Agnes Ann Hickey, Frank Schwartz, Blanche Eleanore Bonnell, Clara Angell Larzelere, Vera Lorene Young. — Total 47. CLASS OF 1919. Alex Fierst, Verna Ploeger, Irene McCormick, Marie Mumme, Meyer Shapiro, Patricia Garrity, Charles Wall, Josephine Augustyne, Lawrence Guenthner, Dorothy Berner, Genevieve Riley, Robert Lynde, Goldie Madsen, Edwin Norem, Audrey Doner, Helen Hilton, Herman Boll, Margaret Rasmann, John Jicha, Mabel Schultz, May Nowotny, Dorothy Parsons, Ed- ward Belsky, Clara Poss, Leona Polar, Margaret HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 47 Fehring, Earl Tobey, Marine Javorsky, Thomas Hum- ble, Laura Woodcock, Edward McClean, Mary Mc- Kenna, Dorothy Kiefer, Margaret Koudelka, Frank Suick, Julia Hoffman, Edmund Tink, Beatrice Ander- son, Leonard Mosher, Marjorie Reif, Audrey Doner, Sadie Lipman, Eldie Packard, Belva Higgins, Ger- trude Young, Ethelyn Martin, Floyd Michaelson, Loretta Lloyd, Earnest Fuszard, Lela Rynders, Chris- tine Townsend, Herbert Fischer, Margaret McNamara, Newton Jones, Edith Gardaphe, Helen Fessenden, Ted Duchac, Mary Wright, Harold Porter, Bessie Barrick, Lela Pleoger, Orville Olson, Bernice Howe, Ruth Wirig, Maymie Jachimsthal, Gaylord Barnes, Irma Vorass, Eugene Cleary, Sadie Stabe. — Total 69. CLASS OF 1920. Florence Howe, Agnes Swoboda, Erwin Goebel, Carolyn McCarthy, Gerald Donohue, Ruth Quinlan, Blanche Reising, Maurice Arveson, Lodema Kuhl, Elizabeth Knott, Pearl Arndt, Irwin Randall, Emma Joles, Henry Hess, Cora Sowers, Lyle Dalton, Erna Bruss, Gerald Hopkins, Alice Dessureau, Herbert O'Donnell Martha Rauen, Wallace Ryan, Genevieve Flanagan, Martha Leutsker, Alice Cavert, Josephine Perry, Harold Dixon, Elizabeth Moyer, Dorothy Ray, Clara Folstad, Merrit Jennings, Clara Weix, Wiley McGee, Macaslyn Hill, Margaret Callahan, Mildred Popkey, Theodore Krueger, Cecelia Wagner, Carolyn Petrofsky, Delphos Michaelson, Elsie Hoffman, Lu- cile Laughlin, Fred Rasman, Mildred Dessureau, Myr- tle Schufelt, Harry Merrill, Marie Blood, Vance Urness, Sadie Hoover, Helen McCarthy, Marres Wirig, Hilda Lukas, Erma Berner, Endre Norem, Kathryn Ford, Marie Wall, Richard Rynders, Claire Schoepke, Joe Antoniewez, Verna Brush, Edith Conachen, Joe Stein- fest, Etta Bishop, Harold Fuzzard, Thressa Fell, Liala Boldt, Linda Klessig, Frank Manthey, Alice Them, Gertrude Skibba, Alma Severson, Harold Maier, May Morrissey, Lyle Daskam, Clara Wagner, Ward Hickok, Regina Skibba, William Strong, Olga Petrofsky, Loret- ta Friedl, Fern Vandervest. — Total 8L CLASS OF 192L Lester Novotny, Doris Maxson, Ruth Stengel, Lil- lian McKinnon, Lorraine Hopkins, Frank Stasek, Earl Smith, Eva Rose, Frances Cleveland, Soly .Stamper, Marie Beyer, Earl Doersch, Henry Berner, Elva DeLoye, Mona Burns, Earl Hoiem, Lillian Kou- delka, Sylvia Buboltz, Walter Mumme, Cecil Ray- mond, Mildred Isberg, Fred Kelly, Luella Joles, Audrey Schoepke, Myer Lipman, Norma Hutchinson, Evren Bessey, Merrit Palmer, Lila Boll, Helen Ahler, June Craig, Cyril McKinnon, Laurette Friebel, Mar- ion White, Fred Schwartze, Gladys Olson, Inez Fowl- er, Erwin Wiegert, Catherine Frederickson, Esther Nowotny, Raymond Novotny, Linda Fuller, Margar- et Gillis, Merrit 01k, Arnold Neufeldt, Edna Stein- bach, Violet Huycke, Artemas Berner, Arthur Stro- schan, Winnifred Johnson, Catherine Johns, Donald McArthur, Norma Othersall, Lois Hammond, Charles Larzelere, Kathleen Wright, Margaret Collins, Fran- cis Finucane, Helen Hay, Marie Franzke, Will Lip- man, Hazel Driscoll, Edith Finnell, Endre Norem, Ralph Schroeder, Edris Driscoll, Shurbie Shannon, Fred Koelzer, LaFayette Thompson, Selma Neufeld, Raymond Mattka, Christian Heyl, Eleanor Javorsky, Justin McCarthy, Julius Guenthner, Verna Doucette, Cecelia Jordon, Ronald Moss, Frank Pawlak, Gladys Elliott, Jerome Riley, Laura Green, Gordon Schoblas- ka, Gerald Morrissey, Zenaida Fierst, Stuart Hayner. —Total 86. CLASS OF 1922. Janet E. Beattie, W. Helmet Gropp, Bernice Lucile Moscrip, Virginia B. Hathaway, Ted Dvorak, Alida Mary McGlone, Pearl A. Johnson, Clyde Lewis Teske, Ann Frisch, Walter Patzer, Catherine R. Callahan, Mildred L. Bessey, William Charles Morrison, Hilda Eleanor Buchen, La Verne Reynolds, Frank Russel, Irene Marie Salchert, Archie George Douglas, Ruth Elizabeth Olson, Agnes Lenzner, Peter Jackimstahl, Lillian M. Zangl, Hazel Mattka, Albert W. Spencer, Viola Margaret Helbick, Cyrus G. Reznichek, Mary Welnetz, Rose M. Schwingle, Jake Lipman, Adeline Jones, Eleanor M. McCarthy, William Peterson, Mar- ion Stewart, Elliot Arveson, Estelle Fuller, Evelyn Keen, Lynn H. Matthias, Beatrice Cherwinka, Wino- na Lenzner, Donald Richard Craine, Agnes June Pe- trofsky, Clarence Tikalsky, Martha Wolf, Verna Wei- gert, John F. Millard, Freda M. Wetzel, Harriet A. Utnehmer, Neal E. Baker, Inez L. Moss. Paul Demar- est, Helen Mauer, Ethel Jane Greenland, Harold Chap- man, Olive A. Kubiaczyk, Malinda M. Strehlow, August Mecikalski, Frances Hilton, Avery Hill, Mary Lorraine McCarthy, Angeline Jones, William Patrick Curran, Eleanor M. Mullen, Marcella Mildred Mettler, Leon Ervin Fisher, Mildred Novotny, Robert Fessen- den, Faye L. Marshall, Marion J. Kebble, John Bur- ney, Dorothy L. Merrill, John R. Prosser, Vivian Lovisa Loper, Gertrude Ginsberg, Edward Wolf, Helen F. Hallada, Amelia Jewell Echart, Idris Davis, Eleanor Louise Seidl, Marion E. Maloney, Philip E. Reif, Donna Marie Nelson, Milton Loper, Margaret Vorass, Florence M. Culbertson, Francis James Mc- Cormick, Beatrice Wella Murton, Margaret Reif, Le- land Hoke, Lois Wilma French, Elmer A. Donohue, Arlo McKinnon, Eugene Cody, Dorothy E. Schwartz- burg, Russell Cavert, Kenneth Moscrip. — Total 95. LANGLADE COUNTY NORMAL. The founding of the Langlade County Normal is due largely to the untiring efforts of A. M. Arveson, former County Superintendent of Schools, who, in the fall of 1905, succeeded in securing an appropria- tion for the establishment of the school. T. W. Hum- ble, Richard Koebke, and A. M. Arveson were the fi/st members appointed on the Langlade County Training School Board. The second floor of the An- tigo Public Library was remodeled and equipped for suitable class rooms. C. 0. Marsh, then City Super- intendent of the Antigo schools, was engaged as prin- cipal of the new school and Miss Maud Brewster 48 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. (now Mrs. L. L. Gibbs) was engaged for Supervisor of Practice. The Langlade County Normal entered upon its first year of training rural teachers August 27, 1906, with an enrollment of about thirty-five students. The first class was graduated June 20, 1907. The school con- tinued under the leadership of its first faculty for six years until in 1911 Miss Brewster resigned to ac- cept a position at Stevens Point Normal. Miss Mattie McMillan was then selected Supervisor of Practice. A year later Mr. Marsh resigned to be succeeded by W. E. Switzer, who served efficiently for five years. In 1915, a third teacher, Miss Florence Marsh, was added to the faculty. Her successors have been Miss Matilda Horn and Miss Jessie Thorp, each holding the position of assistant for two years. W. E. Switz- er was followed by W. E. Smith, who resigned after two years of creditable service. He was succeeded by J. H. Lasher, the present principal. Under Mr. Lasher's administration the institution has maintain- ed its former high standard of excellence and has made itself an indispensible factor in county educa- tional and community advancement. In 1918 appropriations by the County Board made possible the establishment of a school dormitory and a model rural school, both of which have aided in increasing the efficiency of the school. Previously to that year all prac- tice teaching had been done in the city grades. Miss Beulah Kobler, who succeeded Miss McMillan as Su- pervisor of Practice, organized the Model School and also acted as first matron of the dormitory. The present faculty consists of J. H. Lasher, Prin- cipal; Pearl Blanding, Supervisor of Practice; Inez McGeaham, Assistant. The members of the present Training School Board are Leonard Freiburger, Sr., W. J. Mattek, and Miss Bertha Moss. The school to date has graduated 281 students, most of whom have taught in the rural schools of Langlade County or in the Antigo public schools. Eighty-six per cent of the one-room rural schools of this county are taught by graduates of the school at present. Many of the alum- ni have, since graduation, continued their profession- al training in other institutions so that they are now found in varied teaching positions. The alumni roll of the Langlade County Normal contains the names of County Superintendents, Rural School Supervisors, and High School Instructors as well as rural and city grade teachers. In addition to its work of training the rural teacher ,the school has developed its extension service which is making its influence for better schools felt in every rural com- munity. GRADUATES OF THE LANGLADE COUNTY NORMAL FROM 1907 TO CLASS OF 1922 INCLUSIVE. CLASS OF 1907. Jessie Elnora Bottrel, Anna Elizabeth Brennan, Bessie Censky, Pearl Margaret Dalton, Pearl A. Davis, Edna Anna Day, Emma Margaret Elack, Alma Olive Ellison, Libbie J. Gillett, Lulu Ford, Mary Edith St. Claire.— Total 11. CLASS OF 1908. Daisy Bell, Katie Agnes Doucette, Flora Louise Goebel, Elsie Melissa Gillett, Agda Marie Johnson, Maud Johnson, Nellie Margaret Kevan, Ida M. Morn- son, Monico Sarah Riley, Anna Elizabeth Weix, Mary Cecelia Wurzer, Anna Emelina Yindra, Elizabeth E. Byrne.— Total 13. CLASS OF 1909. Kathryn Wege, Helen Sullivan, Lottie Stoker, Pearl Harriet Nelson, Annettie Ross, Edyth M. Sandner, Agnes Mary Schumitch, Katherine Elizabeth Steger, Susie Dailey, Ruth Katherine Ford, Matie Gibson, Ruby Marion Huggins, Anna Marie Kennedy, Pearl Ellen McNutt.— Total 14. CLASS OF 1910. Edith Blood, Agnes Kennedy, Anna Swanson, Stella Zaloudek, Theresa Smith, Clara Johnson, Eleanore Fellner, Minnie Brandow, Gertrude Wirth, Sophie Hovey, Lydia HoUsted, Florence Horton, Margaret Healy, Frances Hessler, May Guenthner, Anna Grant, Veda Marsh, Dorothy Borth.— Total 18. CLASS OF 1911. Nannie Maloney, Clara Monette, Amelia Weix, Eva Schultz, Anna Schroeder, Sadie Hoffman, Yarda Pearson, Zelma Preston, Agnes Walter, Jessie Mc- Gregor, Neta Ings, Hattie Wirth, Lulu Garrett, Lil- lian Steger, Margaret Byrne, Elizabeth Healy, Edna Brakemeyer. — Total 17. CLASS OF 1912. Edna Frederickson, Harriet Kohl, Verna Spencer, Zelma Sheldon, Anna Sailer, Nellie Rammer, Eva Jewell, Evelyn Ackerman, Anna Kobernat, Lena Wen- dorf, Agnes Crummey, Ruth Filiatreau, Sadie Walch, June Barber, Grace St. Louis, Inez Hall, Elsie Stro- schan, Jennie Lade, Edna Beattie. — Total 19. CLASS OF 1913. Bessie Regina Augustyn, Ruth Alberta Barker, Mildred Marie Blood, Agnes Mary Bonnell, Myrtle May Boothe, Margaret Ryan Deleglise, Irene Gwen- dolyn McKenna,' Mabel Ella Agnes Miller, Lola Reeve Mills, Vivian May Napier, Mayme Agnes Raymark, Daisy Louise Shanks, Laura May Way, Kathryn Hauenstein, Mary Kloida. — Total 15. CLASS OF 1914. Martha Weix, Kathleen Duggan, Julia Wade, Wil- helmine Riley, Blanche Leslie, Rosaline Marleau, Alma Stromberg, Mary Belsky, Hattie Congleton, Catherine Abler, Lily Winter, Olga Gram, Vita Young, Stella Hickey, Rose Stacek, Otelia Person, Alice Hull, Martha Pliska.— Total 18. CLASS OF 1915. Anna Cernoch, Genevieve Grignon, Maude Smith, Christina Folk, Laura Allen, Rozella Armstrong, Mary Tomany, Anna Cusick, Celia Shanks, Evelyn Janes. — Total 10. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 49 CLASS OF 1916. Sophia Augustyn, Faye Brown, Margaret Daskam, Alvina Dvorak, Mabel Earlandson, Margaret Follstad, Helen Hayner, Hattie Horton, Ernestine Kopischka, Florence Larzelere, Katherine Miller, Margaret Mc- Millan, Gene McArthey, Regina Novotny, Virginia Pearce, Margaret Richter, Jessica Riley, Lila Standi- ford, Esther Wegner. — Total 19. CLASS OF 1917. Delila Weikel, Nettie Walker, Lillian Libert, Blanche Martin, Margaret Moss, Elfreida Bruss, Gladys Herman, Gladys Gardner, Louise Kohl, Norma Hess, Rose Freibel, Martha Wirth, Helen Crawley, Blanche Raymark, Ella Timm, Marion Duchac, Klara Lukas, Claire Censky, Helen Young, Nora Wirig, Hel- en Hittle, Ada Carlson, Sylvia Chadek, Jane Weeks, Ethel Gilmore.— Total 25. Sisel, lone Preston, Elizabeth Folk, Flossie Robinson. —Total 13. CLASS OF 1920. Clara Clark, Edith D. Gardaphe, Mayme E. Jack- imsthal. Marine C. Javorsky, Margaret Johnson, Doro- thy M. Kiefer, Anna J. Kauschinger, Claire A. Larze- lere, Irene A. McCormick, Golda Madsen, Ethelyn B. Martin, Mae T. Nowotny, Ruth F. Olmsted, Iva E. Pennings, Leona E. Polar, Marjorie Reif, Ethel N. Sanders, Eva M. Schultz, Mabel A. Schultz, Fannie W. Shannon, Irma L. Vorass, Alice 0. Warg. — Total 22. CLASS OF 1921. Bernice Wood, Wymoga Lenzner, Marie Kelly, Edna Swanson, Blanche Bonnell, Liala Boldt, Genevieve Flanagan, Gerald Donohue, Kathryn Ford, Nancy Fry- er, Linda Klessig, Leona Kotchi, Lodema Kuhl, Lydia THK OLD A\TIGO HIGH SCHOOL. Erected in ISiiO. It was totally destroyed by fire Janiiar\' li, lUKj. J. E. Hoyt was the first City Superintendent to take charge at this building. CLASS OF 1918. Elna S. Augestad, Palma M. Cosgrove, Alive Gene- vieve Helmbrecht, Irene L. Hoyt, Dorothea R. Kru- ger, Armella M. Lindsay, Nellie M. McDougall, Delia M. Powers, Ursulla M. Puth, Ethel H. Rezek, Marie A. Robinson, Mae M. Schoepke, Edna D. Tay- lor, Bertha C. Wetzel, Hazel H. Wetzel, Clara Bertha Winter, Helen Apolena Belsky, Irene S. Schultz, Mar- ion C. Strong. — Total 19. CLASS OF 1919. Elfrieda Pautz, Stella Jacobus, Marion Hudson, Anna Klitz, Ruby T. Thorn, Vera Young, Margaret Feigley, Eleanore Greenland, Hattie Verch, Doris Lukas, Hilda Lukas, Carolyn McArthey, Helen Mc- Arthey, Josephine Perry, Delphos Michaelson, Myrtle Schufelt, Cora Sowers, Evelyn Stein, Clara Wagner, Alice Thern.— Total 24. CLASS OF 1922. Marie Blood, Celia Darling, Mildred A. Dessureau, Helen Dickman, Helen Elsholtz, Laurette Friebel, Linda Fuller, Margaret Gillis, Norma Hutchinson, Luella Joles, James Koutnik, Lillian McKinnon, Doro- thy Nequette, Esther Nowotny, Merna Peterson, Echo Robbins, Esther Salter, Audrey Schoepke, Gladys Schuh, Fred Schwartz, Shurbie Shannon, Sadie Stabe, Minnie Tolford, Francis Wilmot. — Total 24. 50 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XII. Industries, 1873-1923. Thomas Dobbs Saw Mill — John Evans Saw Mill — Novotny Brothers — Clithero, Putnam & Strong, 1883— Herman, Becklinger & Herman— Weed Mill— T. D. Kellogg — Antigo Hub & Mfg. Co. — Hoop & Stave Co. — Antigo Lbr. Co. of 1883 — Pioneer Iron Works — Badger Hub Factory — Clancy Factory — Goodwin's Broom Factory — Hoxie & Mellor — Excelsior Factory — Canning Company — Building Supply — Wis. Handle & Mfg. Co. — River Improvement Co. — Screen Door Co. — English Mfg. Co. — Antigo and City Gas Cos. — Antigo Mfg. Co. — Wunderlich and Krause Lumber Cos. — Faust Lbr. Co. — Antigo Lbr. Co. — Mattefs Bros. — Frost Veneer — Tractor Corporation — Fish Lumber Company — Langlade Lbr. Co. — Hirt Bros. — Kingsbury & Henshaw — Henshaw-Worden Lumber Co. — V. Wolf — Lincoln Box Co. One of the most interesting phases of the develop- ment of the county has been the rise and expansion of industries that flourished and then for various reasons halted operations and passed into oblivion. The cause for these changes in the industrial life of a communi- ty opens up a philosophy of history producing a wide and interesting field. The first industry established in the county was the old portable saw mill of Thomas M. Dobbs, a Pennsyl- vanian, who came into the county in 1873. Dobbs be- gan to clear out a space in the wilderness for his home lage; it gave the settlers a market for their timber, provided employment and supplied the growing de- mand for lumber. Mr. Deleglise gave the Novotny Brothers the right to erect a dam with a seven foot head and overflow any of his lands for a pond. In April, 1883, the legislature passed a law authorizing Joseph and Louis Novotny to construct a dam across Springbrook on the west i 2 of the northeast and the east ^2 of the northwest I4 of section 29, township 31, range 11 east. The two brothers erected a grist mill also. The saw mill averaged 30,000 feet per day. HOW LOfiS WERE OXCE HAULED TO .-WTIGO NULLS. Contrast the aliove "Caterpillar" tractor method of hauling logs, once used hv the T. D. Kellogg Lumber and Manufacturing Company, pioneer method shown on page 31. with the immediately after his arrival. His mill was on sec- tion 30, township 31, range 15 east. He stayed there but a short time when he moved to the junction point of the Lily and Wolf rivers, known since as the Lily. The second saw mill in the county was probably owned by John Evans, who first operated on the Ever- green River south of White Lake about 1879. FIRST ANTIGO SAW MILL. Louis and Joseph Novotny came to Antigo in De- cember, 1878, from Manitowoc, consulted with Hon. F. A. Deleglise and agreed to erect a saw mill in the village. They moved their equipment from Wausau in 1879 and erected "Novotny's Mill" on the site of the Faust mill of today. Louis Novotny erected Antigo's first frame building. The Novotny mill was an asset to the embryo vil- THE WEED MILL. In January, 1882, A. Weed of Oshkosh erected a large saw and planing mill one mile south of the Vil- lage of Antigo. This mill had a capacity of 75.000 feet per eleven hour day. Approximately 20,000 feet of lumber was cut into shingles by the shingle mill. Booming facilities were provided by backing up Springbrook with a 37 rod long dam providing ample storage for ten million feet of logs. One hundred persons were employed on an average by Weed's mill, which operated until 1899, when it was destroyed by fire. When, in 1885, the city was incorporated the Weed mill property was excluded because of high taxes. A store and boarding house was operated in connection with the mill. F. J. Hopkins was in charge of this for many years. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 51 HERMAN, BECKLINGER & HERMAN. In 1881 Fred and Julius Herman came to Antigo from Milwaukee and erected a saw mill on the site of the Crocker Chair Company plant. The mill operated until March 22, 1883, when it was destroyed by fire. The Herman Brothers rebuilt. They also opened a fur- niture factory, June 23, 1882. The firm was then known as Herman, Becklinger & Herman. A 60 horse power engine drove the mill machinery. The plant was sold to the Crocker Chair Company, December 9, 1890. The new owners rebuilt and reconstructed the plant, which they still operate. They manufacture chair parts. T. D. KELLOGG BUYS OUT NOVOTNY BROS. In March, 1883, T. D. Kellogg moved to Antigo from New (Lily), where he had operated a saw mill. He purchased Novotny Brothers saw mill, grist mill, pow- er dam and 14 acres of land in 1885. The mill burned down in 1886, but was rebuilt. Mr. Kellogg then took D. D. Kellogg (not a relative) of Green Bay into partnership, operating as Kellogg & Kellogg. In 1889, D. D. Kellogg sold his interest to T. D. Kellogg and two years later, 1891, the T. D. Kellogg Lumber & Manufacturing Company was organized. The saw mill was sold in 1905 to J. H. Worden. For a time the T. D. Kellogg Lumber & Manufacturing Company operated three mills — Polar mill, Antigo Hoop & Stavs mill and the T. D. Kellogg mill. ANTIGO HUB & MFG. CO. The Antigo Hub & Mfg. Company was organized September 19, 1892, by Henry J. Frick, W. Morgan and A. Wiltderding. A plant was erected and operated with fair success for a while but finally failed. The property was taken over by the First National Bank. H. B. Kellogg was selected to operate it for the bank in 1901 and did so until April 18, 1903, when it was re- organized as the Antigo Hoop & Stave Company of which H. B. Kellogg was the principal owner. The in- dustry was sold April 1, 1919 to Henshaw-Worden Lumber Company, who used the yard, but wrecked the machinery. ANTIGO LUMBER COMPANY OF 1883. The first "Antigo Lumber Company" was organized in November, 1883, by E. R. Van Buran, Antigo man, and Chicago associates. The company did a broker- age business and had an office located where the Lang- lade County Normal dormitory is now located. Five years later it disbanded, Mr. Van Buran leaving for Chicago. PIONEER IRON WORKS. The Pioneer Iron Works was organized January 1, 1884, by W. B. Johns, who came here from Brillion, Calumet County, Wisconsin. He erected the plant at 4th Avenue and Dorr Street. He formed a partner- ship with J. Kerling of Manitowoc. Kerling soon sold his rights back to Mr. Johns, who took D. D. Kel- logg into partnership with him. The Pioneer Iron Works flourished in its early history. For a long time W. B. Johns operated it alone, he being followed by W. S. Morgan. BADGER HUB FACTORY. W. D. Badger came to Antigo from Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin and on December 7, 1883, erected a hub factory in the northern part of the Village of Antigo, across from the C. & N. W. Round House location. The frame timbers used in the excelsior factory of C. B. McDonald & Co., was the first product of the hub factory. Mr. Badger operated the mill but a short time when Louis Buckman became his partner. He was from Green Bay. The mill burned in 1886 and Mr. Badger went three miles north to "Shadeks" sid- ing, Antigo township, and erected a mill. CLANCY BUILDING FACTORY. From 1883 to 1889, E. Clancy, a well known con- tractor of Antigo, ran a building factory north of the Pioneer Iron Works. It was an auxiliary to his con- tract business. CITY PLANING MILL. Fred Herman of the Herman, Becklinger & Herman firm, erected a planing mill in Antigo in 1881. It was located in block 64, across from the Antigo Public Library grounds. It operated until about 1889. R. M. GOODWIN BROOM HANDLE FACTORY. The R. M. Goodwin Company of Union Pier, Michi- gan erected a broom handle factory in Antigo in August, 1885. They operated until 1893, when the plant was sold to W. H. Pardee and others. John T. Thursby was the manager of the plant. 8,000 handles were turned out daily. It burned down in 1895. J. C. HOXIE & E. N. MELLOR. J. C. Hoxie and E. N. Mellor, known over the middle west, did a volume of lumber business in the county until their failure in 1890. They had all their logs cut in Langlade County mills, not operating mills of their own. They leased the Weed Mill for a while, however, and ran a building material mill of their own south of Clithero & Strong's mill, across from the pres- ent Antigo Canning Company. Mr. Mellor shot him- self in the Vivian Hotel, December 22, 1892, the morn- ing he was to appear at a "three cornered deal" hear- ing in the bankruptcy proceedings at Oshkosh. Mellor was once Vice-President of the Wisconsin Valley Lum- berman's Association. The Hoxie & Mellor failure involved millions of dollars and was given first page publicity in metropolitan newspapers. 52 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. EXCELSIOR FACTORY. C. B. McDonald and George T. Ratcliffe opened an excelsior factory providing a market for basswood pro- ducts, December, 1883. In the spring of 1885, the original owners sold to Rassmussen & Co. Rassmus- sen was influenced to come to Antigo by Niels Ander- son. The plant, located across from the Henshaw Lumber Company office, on Sixth Avenue, was clos- ed in August, 1885, as a result of litigation. Niels Anderson then took it over and operated it for a while later. In 1907 the property was remodeled into a planing mill. Those who were interested in the busi- ness were John P. Nelson, P. F. Kelly, John A. Ogden and J. J. Laughlin. The mill burned. CLITHERO & STRONG-PUTNAM-BANGS. George Clithero and L. K. Strong, pioneers, formed the Clithero & Strong patrnership in 1885. They operated a planing mill on south Morse street across from the site of the Antigo Canning Co. The mill operated until 1887 when it burned. Mr. Clithero went to Hurley and Mr. Strong entered the real estate business in Antigo. George Clithero first had E. R. Putnam as a partner in 1883. Putnam and he ran a sash door factory on south Morse street from Novem- ber 1883, until 1885. In September 1884, N. Bangs became associated with the two and the concern was then known as the Antigo Planing Mill Co. In 1885, Hans Anderson, a Dane, opened a machine shop in Antigo. It was a small industry. WISCONSIN HANDLE & MFG. CO. The Wisconsin Handle & Mfg. Company was organ- ized September 5, 1893. by W. H. Pardee, E. P. Bridge- man and Charles Kellogg. The Company took over the R. M. Goodwin Broom Handle Factory. It ope- rated until 1895. IMPROVEMENT COMPANIES. The River Improvement Company organized Febru- ary 26, 1894, by A. C. Campbell, A. M. Lanning and G. W. Hogben and the Big Eau Claire River Improve- ment Company organized by J. D. Ross, W. H. Bissell, and J. S. Clements, were both organized to improve the Big Eau Claire River, the first, the west branch, and the last named concern, the river course in Lincoln and Langlade counties "adjacent to timber territory." ANTIGO SCREEN DOOR COMPANY. The Antigo Screen Door Company was organized by G. W. Hogben, H. C. Humphrey and A. M. Lanning, June 25, 1897. The concern went bankrupt after ope- rating a few years on the site of the English Mfg. Co. ANTIGO MINING AND OIL CONCERNS. In an early day many prominent Antigo men were in- terested in mining companies such as: The Phoenix Mining Co., organized December 27, 1886; The Iron Vein Mining Company, organized February 10, 1887; The Antigo Mining Company, organized about then also. Leaders were Nick Bangs, M. ToUefson, War- ren and George Hill, W. W. Warner, Pat Day, H. A. Kohl, R. J. Leutsker, P. J. Koelzer, M. M. Ross and J. E. Mullowney. In 1921-22 a number of Antigo people, more parti- cularly John Brown, Jr., John Hanousek, W. B. Mc- Arthur, C. J. Courtney, Harry Meyers and others be- came interested in an oil well at Roundup, Montana, called the Devils Dome Oil concern. ANTIGO CANNING CO. The Antigo Canning Company was organized Octo- ber 12, 1907, by PI. C. Head, R. B. Johns and Sarah A. Head. The company operates extensively each year, its products being sold everywhere. A tremen- dous volume of vegetable products are canned at their factory south of the city and just west of the C. & N. W. tracks. ANTIGO BUILDING SUPPLY CO. The Antigo Building Supply Company organized October 28, 1902, with the following officers : Presi- dent — Robert Miller; Vice-President — Herman Behn; Manager — G. A. Hirsch; Secretary-Treasurer — W. A. Maertz. Present officers are : President — Robert Miller, Clintonville; Vice-President — Henry Leppla, Brillion, Wis.; Secretary-Treasurer — C. O. Miller, Antigo; Manager — T. A. Brenner. Offices and factory are at 817 Fulton Street. INTERNATIONAL HOIST CO. The International Hoist Company was originally the result of the activities of C. F. Dallman, Joseph Wirig and Leonard Frieburger, who on November 12, 1910, filed articles of organization for the concern. The in- dustry was created to manufacture hoists designed by Mr. Dallman. A plant was erected on north Minola Street, Antigo. For years the industry was operated by the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity, Dr. J. C. Wright, and Mayer Brothers of Mankato, Minn., when it was sold to the Murray-Mylrea Machine Company. In 1919 the buildings were sold to the Antigo Tractor Corporation. ENGLISH MANUFACTURING CO. The English Manufacturing Co., with factories and offices at 805 Hudson Street, was organized October 28, 1907. The company deals in pails, ice cream freezers, packing tubs, staves, heading timber, etc. John English is head of the institution. ANTIGO GAS CO.— CITY GAS CO. The Antigo Gas Company was organized February 10, 1910 by J. C. Spencer and R. Koebke. The indus- try went through reverses and a period or re-organiza- tion and litigation until March 12, 1914, when the City Gas Company was organized. June 1, 1919, C. O. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 53 Somdahl took active control of the plant, stock of which is now owned by six individuals. Extensive improvements and many new patrons has resulted. Offices are in the Masonic Temple building. The plant is located on south Clermont street, between 9th and 10th avenues. ANTIGO MFG. CO. The Antigo Mfg. Co. was organized in Nov., 1891, by Messrs. H. A. Babcock, John Holley, G. H. Maxwell and G. K. Meneely. The plant located on 10th Ave- nue burned October 31, 1893. It was rebuilt and still operates. Excepting H. A. Babcock, the original owners still control the industry. WUNDERLICH-KRAUSE-EDGAR & MARTIN- DAWLEY NORTHERN YARDS, INC. The Wunderlich Lbr. & Mfg. Co. was organized in 1905 by Chris. Wunderlich, who was associated with his brother, George Wunderlich. A mill erected on south Clermont street was destroyed by a boiler explo- sion, February 24, 1905. May 10, 1918, George Wun- derlich, C. H. Krause and R. E. Krause organized the C. H. Krause Lumber Co., which operated until the concern went into bankruptcy. The property was purchased by George Wunderlich from the bankruptcy referee and then sold to Edgar & Martin, who operated until 1922. Dawley-Northern Yards, Inc., of Wausau, Wis., then purchased the planing mill and property and still own it. H. F. Harmon is local manager. WOLF RIVER LUMBER COMPANY. The Wolf River Lumber Company, organized March 18, 1912, by J. H. Worden, President, has offices on Superior street, Antigo. Its operations in lumber, white and Norway pine, hemlock and hardwood pro- ducts, logs and pulp wood, are extensive. WISCONSIN BARK & LBR. CO. The Wisconsin Bark & Lbr. Co. took over the saw and planing mill property of the T. D. Kellogg Lumber & Mfg. Co., in 1905, after the mill had been sold to J. H. Worden. Principal owners were J. H. Worden, and Edward Faust. Until 1909 the industry operated as that con- cern and then re-organized as THE ANTIGO LUMBER COMPANY. We have heard of the Antigo Lumber Company of 1883. Twenty-six years later another Antigo Lumber Company, which operated from 1909 until 1912, came into existence. The concern went bankrupt in 1912 and J. H. Worden, Caspar Faust of Oshkosh, Charles Malug of Marion, Wis., and J. B. Lesch of Chicago, took over the property. The new concern became THE FAUST LUMBER COMPANY. The Faust Lumber Company operates a saw and planing mill in Antigo. The annual cut of lumber is about six million feet. Principal owners are: J. H. Worden, L. P. Tradewell, J. B. Lesch, John Hessel and Caspar Faust. MATTEFS BROTHERS COMPANY. Mattefs Brothers Company was organized February 7, 1917, and is the successor of the Mattefs Construc- tion Co., organized in 1904. Principal owners are Gust and August Mattefs. The company operates a plan- ing, building supply and interior finish mill, lot 13, Lincoln street. It engages extensively in contract building. A new mill is being erected. FROST VENEER SEATING COMPANY. The Frost Veneer Seating Company was one of the early industries to locate in Langlade County, coming first to Elmhurst and then at Elcho, from where in 1890 they moved to Antigo. A plant was erected on the north end of Novotny's (Kellogg's) pond where 40 men are employed on an average. The Antigo mill devotes itself exclusively to cutting and drying veneer. Chris. Janes, Superintendent, was appointed May 1, 1921. Main offices are at 50 Union Square, New York City. THE ANTIGO TRACTOR CORPORATION. The Antigo Tractor Corporation was organized Janu- ary 13, 1921, by a group of citizens, chiefly of Lang- lade County. Capital stock is $1,000,000. The cor- poration is the outgrowth of the original Antigo Tractor Company, organized with a capital stock of $100,000, June 12, 1919. The corporation engages in the manufacture and distribution of the Quad-Pull Tractor, principal of which was designed by D. S. Stewart, Antigo man. Factory and offices are located on north Minola street, Antigo. The plant was pur- chased in 1919. Officers of the Antigo Tractor Cor- poration are: President — John Manser; 1st Vice-Pres- ident—Ernest Hirt; 2nd Vice-President— J. R. McQuil- lan; Secretary — Dr. E. R. Murphy; Treasurer — Ernest Hirt. Board of Directors consist of the officers and W. H. Wolpert, George Foster of Wausau, John Han- ousek, Charles W. Fish, Morris Robinson and R. C. Dempsey. THE CHAS. W. FISH LUMBER COMPANY. The Charles W. Pish Lumber Company, main office at Elcho, cut their first log at the Antigo mill. No. 3, July 11, 1917. The plant was started May 1, 1917, after a popular campaign was made to induce Mr. Fish to build in Antigo. The institution employs 100 men the year around. The cut averages 12 million feet an- nually. Offices and plant are located in the northern part of the city. M. H. Keenan is the foreman. The Chas. W. Fish Lumber Company has five mills, two of which are in Langlade County. 54 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. THE LANGLADE LUMBER COMPANY. The Langlade Lumber Company was organized Jan- uary 2, 1916, and on April 1, 1916, ground was broken for the erection of their saw mill on Clermont Heights, Antigo. The first log was cut December 20, 1916. The modern planing mill, started May 1, 1917, was completed in August the same year. The Langlade Lumber Company purchased the tim- ber holdings of the defunct Paine Lumber Company of Oshkosh. The company operated five camps and had fifteen jobers logging in the 1922 season. All of their timber west of the C. & N. W. right-of-way in Upham township has been cut. The store and camps of Bass Lake and Pearson are discussed in Upham and Ainsworth townships. Officers of the Langlade Lumber Company are: L. K. Baker, Chicago, President; George E. Foster, Wau- sau, 1st Vice-President; Frank Boutin, Minneapolis, 2nd Vice-President; J. R. McQuillan, General Manager and Secretary; H. L. Fitze, Assistant Secretary; A. R. Owen, Owen, Wis., Treasurer; Fred H. Shaw, Super- intendent and L. A. Maier, Land Department Manager. Offices are at 1625 Clermont Street. The Company employs 130 men annually on an average and has a cut of approximately 20 million feet of lumber. Much of the product is sent direct from the camps to the paper industries in the Fox River Valley. HIRT BROTHERS MILLING CO. The Hirt Brothers Milling Company opened their Antigo mill on 9th Avenue, December 15, 1917. The company is engaged in the manufacture of wheat, rye and buckwheat flour, grind feed for farmers and con- duct a wholesale and retail business in flour, feed, hay and grain. Officers of Hirt Brothers Milling Company are: President — Ernest Hirt; Vice- President — L. L. Gibbs; Secretary-Treasurer — Miss Elsie Hirt. The average daily production of flour on a 24-hour run basis is 150 barrels. KINGSBURY & HENSHAW LUMBER CO. The Kingsbury & Henshaw Lumber Company was organized in 1892 by C. E. Henshaw and J. J. Kings- bury. They erected a saw mill on Field street, Antigo. The business flourished until the death of J. J. Kings- bury, August 2, 1917. The concern re-organized with C. E. Henshaw and J. H. Worden associated in the HENSHAW-WORDEN LUMBER CO. The Henshaw-Worden Lumber Company was organ- ized December 4, 1917, with a capital stock of $100,000. January 12, 1922, the firm name was chang- ed to Henshaw Lumber Company. C. J. Te Selle is secretary and manager of the concern, which has offices on Field street and 6th avenue. V. WOLF MILLWORK CO. The Vincent Wolf Millwork Co. was opened in May, 1914, at 628 Sixth Avenue. The concern deals in building material, interior and exterior finishing, sash doors, etc. LINCOLN BOX COMPANY. The Lincoln Box Company of Merrill, Lincoln Coun- ty, opened a factory in Antigo on Hudson street recent- ly. THE LANGLADE LAUNDRY CO. The present Langlade Laundry Company was form- ed by C. E. Home and O. R. Frisby, who in the fall of 1916 purchased the plant from F. A. Hecker, when it was then located on Fifth Avenue in the Neff-Roberts flat. In the spring of 1919, the business was sold to William A. Lange and Ed. Stoddard, Wausau, Wis- consin, men. A half year later E. C. Stoddard sold his interest to C. E. Home and since that time the business has been owned and operated by the Lang- lade Laundry Company, of which Wm. A. Lange and C. E. Home are proprietors. The business continued in Neff-Roberts building until the spring of 1921, when because of increased business, and need of larger quar- ters, a modern two story brick structure was erected, which houses a laundry and dry cleaning and dyeing establishment. The proprietors added new machinery and equipment, a soft water installation, with a capaci- ty of 12,000 gallons a day, water being pumped from a deep well in the plant. The plant employs four male and twelve female employes. The Langlade Laundry plant is a model institution. By a special ventilating system the air in the entire plant is changed every seven minutes. Windows on both sides of the plant make ideal working conditions. It is safe to infer that the plant is the most modern one of Northern Wisconsin. The laundry work is of ex- ceptional high grade and is under the efficient super- vision of C. E. Home. Mr. Lange, associate of Mr. Home's, has personal charge of the dyeing and clean- ing department. The laundry has added rug cleaning to its field and with this new venture they are meet- ing with success. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 55 CHAPTER XIII. Banks and Finances, Langlade County Early Bank Charters — First Banking Law — National Bank Act — First Langlade County Bank — The Bank of Antigo — Langlade National Bank — The First National Bank — The Fidelity Savings Bank — Elcho, Neva, White Lake and Phlox Banks — Comparison 1881-1922. The Territorial Legislature of Michigan granted a charter to the Bank of Wisconsin at Green Bay in 1834. (Before Wisconsin was detached from Michigan Ter- ritory.) This bank was in existence until 1838, when upon demand it was liquidated. Bank charters were granted to the Miner's Bank of Dubuque, la., then in Wisconsin Territory, the Bank of Milwaukee and the Bank of Mineral Point at the Wis- consin Territory Legislature's first session. Louis Grignon, Green Bay, kin of Charles De Lang- lade, possessed the first bank bills in Wisconsin. No doubt, they were for service with the British in the War of 1812. The first general banking law in Wisconsin was adopted in 1852 and has since been frequently amend- ed. All changes are made by the legislature with- out submission to the electorate. The National system of banking was organized by law in 1863. The first monetary system was estab- lished in the United States by an act of Congress on April 2, 1792. First coinage began at the government mint at Philadelphia. The single gold standard, as a unit of value, was adopted in 1873. State and Na- tional banks are required to keep on hand a certain per cent of their deposits to meet all ordinary drafts and such special emergencies as may arise. LANGLADE COUNTY'S FIRST BANK. The first bank in Langlade County was organized as a private institution in 1881 by L. D. Moses, pioneer Antigo merchant. This bank was located just east of what is now A. A. Lueck's Drug Store. It was called The Langlade County Bank. L. D. Moses was presi- dent and Irvin Gray, later an employee of the First National Bank, was cashier. The deposits never exceeded six thousand dollars and the bank possessed no capital stock. H. C. Humphrey of Sheboygan Falls and F. W. Humphrey of Shawano purchased the bank from its original owners in 1883 and continued it under the same name and as a private institution. In February, 1888, the Langlade County Bank was re-organized with a capital stock of $30,000. C. S. Leykom was chosen President, Louis Mendlik, Vice- President and H. C. Humphrey, Cashier. Few changes took place until its re-organization as a National Bank in August, 1901, when it was changed to The Lang- lade National Bank. THE LANGLADE NATIONAL BANK. The capital stock of the Langlade County Bank was increased $20,000 to $50,000 when it was made a Na- tional Bank. J. F. Albers was chosen president and H. C. Humphrey as cashier. In January, 1902, H. C. Humphrey resigned and 0. P. Walch was elected cashier. Mr. Walch had entered the employ of the Langlade County Bank when he was a lad of fifteen in 1889 and grew with the institution. In 1918, Mr. Walch was forced to retire from the cashiership, be- cause of ill health. He was chosen second Vice-Pres- ident. Upon the death of F. J. Finucane, he was made first Vice-President, in 1919. F. G. Wanek of Menom- inee, Mich., was elected cashier in July, 1918. The Langlade National Bank increased its capital stock to $100,000 in January, 1920. Its Trust De- partment was created in 1919, immediately after the state legislature had passed a law allowing this depart- ment to be associated with national banks in Wiscon- sin. Officers at present are: President — Dr. I. D. Steffen, Vice-President— 0. P. Walch; Cashier— F. G. Wanek; Assistant Cashiers — N. J. Raiche and W. J. Schultz; Board of Directors— 0. P. Walch, John Man- ser, John 01k, I. D. Steffen, W. A. Grant, Robert W. Zobel and Charles H. Avery. THE BANK OF ANTIGO. In January, 1888, D. E. Jones, Col. Woodard, Dr. A. H. Solliday and Amos Baum of Watertown, Wis., with E. N. Mellor organized The Bank of Antigo. Dr. Solli- day was elected president, E. N. Mellor, vice-president and Amos Baum, cashier. The bank was located east of Cody's Shoe Store on Fifth Avenue and progressed without a mishap until the following summer of 1888, when $5,500.00 was stolen from it. The discrepancy was met by the stockholders. In 1890 The Bank of Antigo was closed, its affairs were liquidated and de- positors were paid one hundred cents on the dollar. On January 6, 1891, the name, books, good will, etc., of the bank were sold to H. G. Borgman, C. B. Mc- Donald, Ed. Daskam, C. F. Smith and three Water- town, Wis., men. The capital stock was restored to $25,000 in cash. H. G. Borgman was elected Presi- dent, C. B. McDonald, Vice-President, and L. E. Buck- man, Cashier. In 1897, the bank again closed its doors but to the credit of the stockholders, the deposi- tors were paid one hundred cents on the dollar. L. D. Moses, pioneer Antigo merchant and first banker, together with Oshkosh men, organized the First State Bank of Antigo in April, 1898, using that name until a First National Bank charter could be se- cured from the government. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK. A charter for the First National Bank was secured August 31, 1898, and the institution was commenced 56 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. with a capital stock of $50,000. L. D. Moses was its first President and Fred T. Zentner, its first cashier. Its growth was phenomenal. In January, 1901, W. B. McArthur of Waupaca was elected cashier to suc- ceed Mr. Zentner. In 1902, January, Leander Choate was elected President and upon his death J. C. Lewis, Vice-President, was chosen President. He remained as President until 1919, when he was selected Chair- man of the Board of Directors, Dr. F. V. Watson being chosen President. H. B. Kellogg was chosen presi- dent of the bank after Dr. F. V. Watson resigned. In August, 1910, the First National Bank increased its capital stock to $100,000 and its surplus to $20,000. W. B. McArthur resigned as cashier in January, 1919, and was succeeded by J. E. Enquist of Shell Lake, Wis., who was followed by W. W. Smith, Jr., of Sleepy Eye, Minnesota, who assumed this position in July, 1919. THE FIDELITY SAVINGS BANK. The Fidelity Savings Bank was organized January 20, 1909, under the general banking laws of Wisconsin and the United States, with a capital stock of $50,000. Its first officers were Henry Hay — President; Anton Molle — Vice-President; Walter Daskam — Cashier. The Board of Directors consisted of the three named together with J. A. Rudolph, John Benishek, C. S. Pierce of Milwaukee and W. J. Mattek. The Fidelity Savings Bank has had exceptional suc- cess and has always been commandeered by a strong official roster. In June 1919, the bank purchased the building in which it is located. The Fidelity Savings Bank building was completely remodeled in the fall of 1919. Walter Daskam, Cashier of the Fidelity Savings Bank has served continually as such since its organization. The members of the Board of Direc- tors are Anton Molle, Vice-President; J. A. Rudolph; J. R. McQuillan, President; Henry Hay and Walter Daskam, Cashier. FARMERS' STATE BANK OF PHLOX. The Farmers' State Bank of Phlox was organized June 1, 1920. The capital stock was $10,000 and re- mains the same. The present officers, also the original officers of the bank are as follows : Pres- ident* — W. B. Kramer, Vice-President — M. J. Ellstad, Cashier — A. J. Reinert. Members of the Board of Di- rectors consist of the three named officers together with George Jansen, W. B. Dresser and W. F. Meagher. The bank is located at Phlox, Norwood township. Its present deposits are approximately $38,000. Its sur- plus is about $1,500 and undivided profits were $887.14 at the close of business January, 1922. NEVA FARMERS STATE BANK. The Neva Farmers State Bank was organized Octo- ber 1, 1915, with a capital stock of $10,000. Its first officers were : President — W. J. Mattek, I. D. Wood — Cashier and John F. Schultz — Vice-President. The members of the first Board of Directors were : W. J. Mattek, John F. Schultz, Fred Schwartz, Anton Gallen- berg, August Carlson, Fred L. Berner, and A. J. Nowotny. The present officers are : President — John F. Schultz, Fred Schwartz, Anton Gallenberg, Fred L. Berner, Gust Schmidt and Henry Buboltz. The pres- ent deposits amount to $199,000. The surplus was $14,000 and the undivided profits $500 in February, 1922. The resources are approximately $220,000. This bank is located at Neva, in Neva township. WHITE LAKE STATE BANK. The White Lake State Bank was organized in 1921 with a capital of $15,000. The first officers have been retained to date as follows : President — W. D. Cavers, Vice-President — E. G. Woodford; Cashier — V. H. John; who with Peter O'Connor and W. W. Gamble, constitute the Board of Directors. Present deposits are $75,687.55. Surplus is $1,000, undivided profits $337.90 and resources $93,227.21. The bank is locat- ed at White Lake village, Langlade township. STATE BANK OF ELCHO. The State Bank of Elcho is located in the thriving and bustling village of Elcho, Elcho township, and was organized April 3, 1912, with a capital stock of $10,000. Actual business was commenced April 9, 1913. The first officials of the bank were : Charles W. Fish, President; W. D. Burton, Vice-President; George H. Bauer, Cashier. Original directors were : Charles W. Fish, W. D. Burton, John F. Singer, L. W. Filyes, Charles Beard, Julius Follstad, R. P. Guptil; E. S. Tradewell and Bernhard Follstad. The present offi- cers are: John F. Singer — President; 0. C. Fish — Vice-President; George H. Bauer — Cashier. Present directors are : Charles W. Fish, John F. Singer, Charles Beard, Julius Follstad and 0. C. Fish. Capital stock is now $10,000 with surplus and un- divided profits aggregating $8,000.00. Antigo's three banking institutions have a combined total capital stock of $250,000. Their total resources amounts to over three millions of dollars. Add to this the resources of the State Bank of Elcho, the Neva State Bank, The Farmers State Bank of Phlox and the White Lake State Bank and sum up the deposits of the banking institutions of the county and an idea of the volume of business and accumulated wealth in Langlade County can be gained. The total amount of surplus and undivided profits of Antigo banks at the close of business, December 31, 1921, was $157,265.23. Today the reader can carry money or check to any corner of the world. Money can be deposited with a certainty that it is safe and that your bank deposit slip will be honored thirty days or a year later as it pleases you. This is a contrast to conditions in early days, when banking laws were less stringent and when much of the commerce was through the medium of farm produce. Langlade County official orders, at the time of the organization of the Langlade County Bank, were worth but eighty cents on the dollar. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 57 CHAPTER XIV. Courts, Laws, Lawyers First Term Circuit Court — Judge George H. Meyers — First Circuit Court Case — First Jury Trial — First Murder Case — Early Criminal Cases — County Court — The Henry Still Murder — Court at Shedd's Store — Municipal Court Act — Judge F. J. Finucane — Judge J. W. Morse — First Grand Jury. Langlade County, when organized in 1880, was plac- ed in the 10th Wisconsin Judicial Circuit. The first Circuit Court records are very meagre. George H. Meyers of Appleton, Outagamie County, was the first Circuit Judge of Langlade County. Circuit Court cases of importance were not heard in Antigo until the March term of 1883. i The first Circuit Court session was held in the old frame court house. Formal announcement of its open- ing was made by Sheriff Charles Herman. Dr. D. S. Graham vs. Emma Graham. The decree was grant- ed upon grounds of desertion. The third action was Ernest Roseberg vs. Daniel Pillsbury. A charge of venue was granted and the case was taken to Mara- thon County. THE FIRST JURY TRIAL. The law suits mentioned previously in this chapter were trivial actions, only important because they were the first of their kind to occur in Langlade County. THE FIRST L.-WGLADE COUNTY COURT HOUSE Where the first Circuit Court session was held in 1883. Hon. George H. Meyers was then sitting as Circuit Judge. Olmsted, first Circuit Court Clerk, produced his com- mission and began the task of keeping and preparing records of proceedings and determinations of the court. The first official Langlade County Circuit Court seal is still in use. It represents justice. A sword and dagger are crossed in the background. The outline of an open book appears in the fore. land ejectment It was heard FIRST CASE. The first Circuit Court case was a action, Gabe Bouck vs. S. A. Coleman and disposed of March 27, 1883. In its wake came the first divorce action in Langlade County — Daniel 1. September 5, 1882. Circuit Judge Meyers came to Antigo and a day's court session was held. Gabe Bouck and Attorney Gerry of Oshkosh, Attorney CoU'ns of Menasha, William Kennedy of Appleton and William Kimball, Circuit Court reporter, were in attendance. The cases were against men who sold liquor without town licenses. The fourth case ever tried was not an insignificant controversy. This was the first action in the county demanding a jury. The contending parties were prominent in the early history of the county. Henry Mitchell of Milltown,- Norwood township, was suing J. W. Morse, later County Judge, for slander. At a town meeting in Norwood Mr. Morse was charged with having said : "Henry Mitchell was a robber and swindler, who took $300 from Hutchinson township." Mr. Mitchell asked $5,000 damages. The action was filed in Shawano County as Norwood was then a part of Shawano County. On June 30, 1881, by court order the place of trial was moved from Shawano to Antigo. Judge George H. Meyers sat in the case. Mr. Mitchell, the plaintiff, was a millwright 2. Milltown was a settlement in Norwood. It was at this place that Henry Mitchell operated a mdl for years before moving into Antigo. Consult Norwood township history. 58 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. and farmer. He was represented by Collins & Pearse, Appleton lawyers. J. W. Morse was defended by George W. Latta, pioneer Antigo Attorney. Wit- nesses called were: F. Topping, R. Vaughn, Charles Herman, N. Sennsenbrenner, C. Schroeder, P. Schweit- zer, S. D. Chappel, A. Boetke, G. W. Jurret, C. W. Moss, Geo. W. Bemis, J. J. Simpson and W. Haffen- becker. Eli Waste was then Court Commissioner. J. W. Goodwin, the Jury foreman, made the following statement when a verdict was reached: "We, the jury, find for the defendant." The plaintiff paid costs amounting to $174.44. The verdict was reached March 28, 1883. D. S. Olmsted was then Clerk of the Court. THE FIRST LARCENY CASE. January 11, 1884, Adolph Tuekurky was sentenced to three years in the state penitentiary at hard labor, being convicted of larceny. THE FIRST MURDER TRIAL. The first murder case brought to the attention of the Langlade County Circuit Court was during the March term of 1886. Mrs. Mary Chadek of Reeve (Deerbrook) was charged with killing her husband, Thomas Chadek. Monday, November 30, 1885, Dr. J. H. Dawley, Antigo physician, was called to attend Mrs. Chadek, who was badly wounded. Her husband was dead from revolver shots. Mrs. Chadek main- tained that her husband shot her and killed himself. She was held for murder, however. George W. Latta, her Attorney, secured a change of venue. The case was heard in Milwaukee Circuit Court. District At- torney J. H. Trever was assisted in the prosecution by Attorney Wm. Kennedy, of Appleton. Mrs. Chadek was acquitted. LOWELL A. WINN MURDER TRIAL. While the Chadek murder trial was the first to se- cure the attention of Langlade County courts, it was not until the fall of 1889, when the first murder case demanding a jury was held in Langlade County. Lowell A. Winn was charged with murdering Thomas Coats — the culmination of a liquor debauche in a sa- loon located where Muttart-McGillan Company is now in business, (L. Krom Building.) Albert De Foy, bartender, refused Winn several times when the latter demanded whiskey, during the afternoon of October 23, 1889. Winn, enraged, returned in the evening, engaged De Foy in a quarrel, which resulted in the shooting of Thomas Coats. Mortally wounded. Coats incriminated Winn in a dying statement to Dis- trict Attorney George L. Schintz. Winn, charged with first degree murder, was acquitted. He was tried again on a charge of assault with intent to kill, and was declared guilty. He was senter.ced to serve seven years at Waupun, but he was released before his full time was up. AN EARLY CRIMINAL CASE. September 28, 1888, Peter Becker made a complaint before Justice J. W. Wines, charging James Collins with wilfully and feloniously assaulting him with a double bitted axe. Becker suffered a disabled right arm. The case was somewhat similar to the Lowell A. Winn case. Becker refused to give Collins a drink of whisky. Collins, an indigent person, demanded a jury trial. He was represented by Attorney J. E. Martin, appointed by Judge Geo. H. Meyers. Dis- trict Attorney George L. Schintz represented the state. On March 19, 1889, Collins was arraigned and was found guilty of intent to maim. He received this sen- tence: "Confinement in the common jail from 12 o'clock noon this day for one calendar month." By the court— March 28, 1889. COURT AT SHEDD'S STORE. The early lawyers of Langlade County had much to contend with. They were usually not over supplied with financial strength, but possessed much energy. They would often walk miles in response to the call of a client. Rough roads, trails, crossing swamps and wading streams were the usual difficulties they con- fronted. The fees of the pioneer lawyers would probably pro- voke a smile from the modern Attorney-at-Law. A complete administrator's report could be made for the princely sum of three dollars. Cases of great import- ance were conducted for but a few dollars. The early lawyers possessed a self-reliant spirit and a keen in- genuity that made them formidable and dramatic as trial lawyers. Cases in pioneer times did not extend over many months. Victories were won swiftly or defeat came suddenly. The battles between the op- ponents would bring out all the old pioneers who took delight in hearing the sarcasim and humor of the lawyers. In the early days local disputes were usually settled in the township "court." Henry Mitchell and Ross Young of Norwood township had an argument in which Mitchell charged Young with making certain remarks about his honesty and character as a citizen. The dis- pute was apparently ended when Young apologized. Mitchell would not be satisfied as he was confident his humiliation had not been overcome by the personal retraction. A law suit resulted. J. W. Morse, pio- neer Justice of the Peace and Judge presided at the "court" held in the Charles Shedd store in Norwood township. George Bemis was chosen to act as coun- sel for Mr. Young. "Doc" Olmsted, picturesque Jus- tice and pioneer, was the Attorney for Mitchell. The case was dismissed by Judge Morse who gave the par- ticipants a lecture on the duties of good citizens. Mr. Young apologized to Mr. Mitchell by saying, "I am sorry, but every bit of it was the gospel truth." It was an apology with a string attachment. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 59 THE NOTED STILL-POLAR MURDER. All of the citizens of Langlade County were startled when news reached them that Henry Still, an esteemed resident of the Town- ship of Gagen had been murdered by Barney Polar. Many conflicting stories have been told about the murder. According to a statement attribut- ed to Louis Motzfeldt of Gagen township, the unfor- tunate Mr. Still met his death after he had refused to give Polar whisky from a jug of the drink that Polar was said to have brought from Shawano the same day for Mr. Still. Mr. Still refused to give Mr. Polar any whisky and at ten o'clock Tuesday evening, June 12, 1883, Motzfeldt, who lived in the rooms adjoining those of Mr. Still (the building was owned by Mr. Motzfeldt) was awakened by what he thought was the report of a gun. He rushed into the rooms of the Still family and found Mrs. Still — a squaw — crying and moaning that Barney Polar had killed her hus- band. The murderer, however, never was apprehended. He lurked about Motzleldt's place in the woods the following day, a menace to all citizens about, but made his escape. As soon as the news spread to Antigo that Polar had fled a posse consisting of Attorney Bliss, Walter Daw- ley, Geo. W. Hill, and many others went to Rice Lake, "armed to the teeth" to apprehend the criminal, but by the time they had reached the vicinity of the crime. Polar was no doubt well on his way to a place of safe- ty- July 6, 1883, Supervisor Duchac presented the fol- lowing memorial to the Governor, which was adopted on motion : "We, the County Board of Langlade County, do hereby most respectfully petition his honor the Gover- nor of the State of Wisconsin that he offer a reward (according to law in such cases provided) for the ar- rest of Charles Polar, who murdered Henry Still on the 12th day of June, 1883, in the Town of Gagen, Langlade County, and who is at large and supposed to be in the woods of Shawano County. The county has already spent considerable money to effect the arrest of said Polar. He has, before and since the murder of H. Still threatened to take the lives of other persons in that section of the state; that he is a desperate char- acter and should be captured as soon as possible and the intervention of your authority is most earnestly re- quested. County Board of Supervisors of Langlade County." The petition was recognized by Gov. Jeremiah M. Rusk, but nevertheless Still's murder went unavenged as Barney Polar was never found.*^ COUNTY COURT. The first term of County Court was held in the hall over Niels Anderson's store. J. W. Morse, builder of the log jail of 1881, was the first County Judge. The first case was an application for letters of guardian- ship by B. F. Hall. The guardianship was to J. H. Hall, Sara J. Hall, Charles E. Hall, Benjamin Hall and Solon Hall, Jr. The letters were issued July 16, 1881. Bondsmen for the guardian were Julius Her- HON. J. W. MORSE .SeK-ctcd first County Judge of Langlade County in 1881 hy Governor J. At. Rusk. man and Niels Anderson. The guardian died shortly afterward and the estate was settled between the heirs. ADOPTION CASEh-SECOND. The second case, February 2, 1882, was an adoption. Jesse Maud Jacobs, "whose father was dead and moth- er supposed to be" was adopted by Martin Weather- wax. No testimony was taken. The third case oc- curred June 11, 1882. In November, 1882, the fourth case was heard. The fifth case was a petition and order, without report of physicians, placing a man in the Outagamie Insane Asylum. On March 27, 1883, the first letters of administration were issued in Lang- lade County. It was three years after the court was organized that the first estate was probated. Judge J. W. Parsons served longer than the com- bined terms of his predecessors. During the twen- ty-two years of his regime, 2,311 cases have been dis- posed of. Three hundred sixty cases were heard by 3. Barney Polar hid in the forests and was protected by Indians, who befriended him. When years passed he came from his seclusion frequently. He died at an advanced age in the spring of 1914 and is buried in the Pol.Tr cemetery in Ainsworth township, nrar Pearson. The house where Henry Stil! was murdered still stands, a monument to forgotten days. It is located on the east side of the Military Road. Section 26, Township 36, Range 12 East. Forest County. 60 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. the first County Judges, J. W. Morse, J. E. Martin, Eli Waste, A. C. Conway and Michael G. Flanagan. County Court is held in the court house building at Antigo in the northwest room on the second floor. HON. V. J. FIXUCANE Who was elected first Municipal Judge of Langlade County after the creation of that Court in 1801. MUNICIPAL COURT ACT OF 1891. The Municipal Court was created by Chapter 96, Laws of 1891. It is composed of two branches — Up- per and Lower Municipal Court. The Upper branch has jurisdiction equal and concurrent with Circuit Court in all cases except homicide and crime and in all civil actions in which the sum sought does not ex- ceed $100,000 exclusive of interest and costs. This court has jurisdiction over all actions brought for the breach of any recognizance returned or given in it. Circuit Court Jury Commissioners act for Municipal Court also. Chapter 320 of the Laws of 1921 chang- ed the term of Municipal Judge from four to six years, taking effect after the April, 1923, election. Hon. F. J. Finucane was the first Municipal Judge. The present Municipal Judge, Hon. Arthur Goodrick was appointed by Governor E. L. Fhilipp after the death of Hon. T. W. Hogan. Judge Goodrick was the unani- mous choice of the Langlade County Bar Association. He has since been elected to the bench. Municipal Court is held in the court room, third floor, of the court house. The private office of Municipal Judge is west of the Court Room. Munici- pal Court was first held in the Jaekel Building (M. Krom store building) when the court was established. THE FIRST GRAND JURY. The first Grand Jury of Langlade County was select- ed November 30, 1920, following a conference be- tween Judge Arthur Goodrick, District Attorney A. N. Whiting and City Superintendent of Schools R. A. Brandt. The selection of a grand jury was consider- ed the best means of clearing the local atmosphere of prohibition law violations. It had a moral benefit. Jurors were selected from the following petit list: Anton Schultz, W. B. McArthur, John G. Prokupek, Joseph Jirtle, N. R. Babcock, Al. Duchac, L. H. Hil- ton, August Vogel, W. J. Gallon, W. J. Herbst, F. D. Leavens, L. D. Hartford, L. C. Sorenson, William Shank, F. W. Ophoven, L. E. Farnham and A. N. Anderson. The jury convened December 6, 1920, and received instructions from Judge Goodrick. Thirteen indictments were returned against liquor dealers and "bootleggers." The grand jury adjourned December 27, 1920. ROLL OF ATTORNEYS. The following is a complete roll of attorneys who have practised or are now practising in Langlade County: George W. Latta, L. W. Bliss, Thomas W. Lynch, M. M. Ross, J. E. Martin, J. H. Trever, George H. Peters, S. A. Cronk, W. F. White, J. B. Loomis, T. F. McCarthy, George H. Ramsey, C. Werden Deane, John A. Ogden, F. J. Finucane, S. S. Hamilton, — Grossman, A. C. Conway, Max F. Hoffman, H. F. Morson, 0. Weinandy, A. J. Lobb, Henry Hay, Walter J. Hammond, Thomas W. Hogan, E. A. Morse, 0. H. Foster, G. C. Dickenson, E. J. Goodrick, Arthur Good- rick, O. G. Erickson, S. J. McMahon, R. C. Smelker, E. S. Tradewell, J. T. Sims, C. J. Te Selle, G. J. Bowler, A. N. Whiting, Charles Avery, Ray C. Demp- sey, George Y. King, T. J. Reinert, Earl Plantz, W. C. Brawley, Vernon J. McHale and Irvin White. The Langlade County Bar Association was organiz- ed in 1895. The Association has all of the attorneys in the county as its membership. Annual meetings are held. FIRST CITIZENSHIP RECORD. The first Langlade County residents to be made United States citizens were: Albert Boeltcher, Wil- liam Hafferbecker, August Darnlow, Herman Schmeis- ser, Wm. Flemming and J. B. Lorent in March, 1883. The hearings were conducted before Circuit Judge George H. Meyers and a U. S. Examiner. histohy of langlade county. 61 CHAPTER XV. Military History Indians with De Langlade — Grand Army of the Republic — Spanish-American War — Langlade Coun- ty Heroes of 1898— Antigo Guard Company of 1888— Guards of 1901— The 14th Wisconsin In- fantry — The Mexican Expedition — Organization of Antigo Militia League — Co. G. Wisconsin National Guards — America at War with Germany — The Farewell of August 11, 1917 — 57th Field Artillery Brigade — 107th at Pontinazian Barracks — Camp De Coetquidan — In Alsace Sector — Vesle River — Soissons — Argonne Offensive — Officers Promoted — Reese Sparks — ToUefson, Bal- lard and Alft Killed — Antigo Home Guards — Liberty Loan and Victory Fund Drives — Schools in Wartime — The Women in War — Board of Exemption — Advisory Board — The Red Cross — Great Armistice Celebration — Return of Soldiers — Casualties — American Legion — Veterans of World War — Battery "A" — Memorial Park at Polar — Council of Defense — Memorial Hospital. The citizens of Langlade County are ever peaceful and law abiding, willing to be neighborly and live hap- py and contented. They are on an average progres- sive, thrifty and industrious. Ready to defend the right they are equally willing to condemn the wrong to the extent of taking up arms for the upholding of right, if in the defense of their country, such must be. Langlade County has nobly performed its duty in time of distress, when war, rebellion or insurrection against the peace and civil dignity of our common- wealth has imperiled national respect. Langlade County, or the territory compris- ing it, has actively participated in at least three of the seventeen American wars. They were French-Indian War of 1756, the Spanish-Amer- ican War of 1898, and the World War, 1914-1919. Long before Langlade County was organized, years before the Northwest territory was legally defined and when the French had control of Wisconsin terri- tory, bands of Indians roamed within the present lim- its of Langlade County. Charles De Langlade, noted leader of the French and Indians in their battles with the British and colonial troopers, drew recruits from within Langlade County. The force under command of De Langlade, besides the French, was composed of Ottawas, Chippewas, Menominees, Winnebagoes, Pottawottamies, Hurons and Wyandotts and perhaps others. This force de- fended the French fort Du Quesne against the English and Colonists under the leadership of General Brad- dock in 1754 and included within the ranks were In- dians from the territory now known as Langlade County. They were, no doubt, Chippewas, Menom- inees or Pottawottamies. Thus the military history of Langlade County begins and it has since been one of loyalty, faith and gratitude to country. THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. The John A. Kellogg Post No. 78, G. A. R., was organized by District Commander J. H. Woodnorth of Waupaca, May 15, 1883, and was named in honor of General John A. Kellogg of Wausau. Charter members were : W. H. Blinn, B. F. Dorr, S. W. Cham- berlain, William Brainard, John A. Long, F. M. Sher- man, Henry Smith, John B. Bruner, A. L. Russell, Edward Daskam, Charles Beadleston, Edward R. Dudley and H. Springstead. First officers were : Commander, W. H. Blinn; Senior Vice Commander, B. F. Dorr; Junior Vice Commander, S. W. Chamber- lain; Surgeon, J. A. Long; Officer of Day, F. M. Sher- man; Quartermaster, J. Beemer; Adjutant, H. Smith; Quartermaster Sergeant, Abel Russell. Civil War veterans are dying fast. The once flour- ishing membership of the John A. Kellogg Post has dwindled down to fifteen comrades. October 2, 1921, the John A. Kellogg Post No. 78 elected Robert M. Dessureau first honorary member for "meritorious de- votion to the G. A. R." He is the youngest honorary member in the United States and one of two in Wis- consin. June, 1913, and again in June, 1921, the State En- campments of the Grand Army of the Republic and auxiliary patriotic organizations were held in Antigo. Distinguished visitors were present at both conven- tions and were accorded splendid receptions. W. S. Carr and R. C. Dempsey were General Chairmen of the 1913 and 1921 encampments respectively. VETERANS OF THE CIVIL WAR. Daniel Webster once said, "When my eyes shall turn to behold for the last time the sun in Heaven, may I not see it shining on the broken and dishonor- ed fragments of a once glorious union." He could see that the conflict between the North and the South was irrepressible. The three-cornered presidential fight of 1860 in which Abraham Lincoln, Republican, who maintained that slavery must not only be curtailed, but destroyed, was elected, forced the issue square- ly before the American people. The South supported John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky. Stephen A. Doug- las, formidable debater and opponent of Lincoln in the election, was the choice of the moderate Demo- crats. When the storm broke this distinguished statesman rushed to Abraham Lincoln and pledged unswerving allegiance to the Union. Lincoln's words. 62 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. "The nation cannot exist half slave and half free," was a warning to those who sought to perpetuate slav- ery at the expense of a united nation. When Fort Sumter was fired upon in the harbor of Charleston, S. C, April 12, 1861, the entire North was solidified into one unit, whose purpose was to save at all costs the union of the states. President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers April 15, 1861, and de- clared the coast of the Confederacy to be under blockade. Young men rushed to the colors in the de- fense of their country and for four years the world looking on, stood aghast as the contending armies of the Blue and Gray struggled. Langlade County was then a wilderness and had but few settlers at the out- break of the war. Twenty years later the Grand Army of the Repub- lic became a vital factor in the village of Antigo. W. H. Blinn was its first Commander. The following Civil War veterans are now or have been members of the John A. Kellogg Post No. 78, G. A. R. The date of their enlistment, the date of their honorable dis- charge, and the unit in which they enlisted are given also: GRAND ARMY MOXUMEXT. Erected in the .Aiitigo Cemetery by the \\'. R. C. in cooperatiuii with tile Langlade County Board. Name Date of Enlistment Discharge Unit F. E. Allen August, 1863 August 10, 1865 Co. D.. 15th N. Y. C. John Atwood October 15, 1864 July, 1865 Co. G., 1st Wis. H. A. David P. Andrews April 11, 1865 August 4, 1865 Co. G., 154th 111. J. B. Beemer February, 1865 November ,1865 Co. C, 46th Wis. W. B. Brainard September, 1862 September, 1865 Co. G., 21st Wis. C. Beadleston June 14, 1861 September 5, 1865 Co. E., 4th Wis. Inf. W. H. Blinn July. 1861 May 20, 1863 Co. C, 9th N. Y. Inf. W. D. Badger July 12, 1862 July 12, 1865 Co. F.. 32nd Wis. Inf. Ed Boyle September 23, 1864 June 29, 1865 Co. D., 19th Wis. Inf. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 63 Name Date of Enlistment Discharge Unit H. 0. Beard August 18, 1862 August 17, 1865 Co. D., 32nd Wis. Inf. S. Lloyd Breck August 14, 1862 May, 1865 Co. C, 28th Wis. Inf. C. G. Burdick October 18, 1861 September 7, 1864 Co. E., 10th Wis. Inf. C. M. Beattie September 13, 1861 October 25, 1865 Co. F., 14th Wis. Inf. E. Barrett September 21, 1864 June 20, 1865 Co. K., 4th Wis. Cav. J. E. Bickman September, 1864 June, 1865 Co. L.. 1st Wis. H. A. John B. Balch August 14, 1862 June, 1865 Co. A., 141st N. Y. Inf. E. P. Bridgeman August 15, 1862 August 15, 1862 Co. G., 37th Mass. Inf. Edwin Beard August 11, 1861 July 11, 1865 Co. A., 64th 111., Inf. John Bahr, Sr February 3, 1863 August 29, 1865 Co. K., 27th Wis. Inf. A. J. Brown October, 1864 August 22, 1865 Co. C, 211th Pa. Vol. John Bernier September 1, 1861 July 17, 1865 Co. A., 8th 111. Cav. Washington Brown March, 1864 October 9, 1865 Co. E., 14th Wis., Vol. R. C. Briggs October 3, 1862 June 20, 1865 Co. J., 32nd Wis., Inf. Geo. W. Bemis February 7, 1862 September 15, 1865 3rd Wis. Cav. Abel L. Bedell February 14, 1864 1865 Co. D., 1st Wis. L. A. Andrew Bovee February 3, 1864 May 17, 1865 Co. B., 5th Wis. Inf. Rufus Barcus May 23, 1864 July 6, 1865 Co. J., 113th Ohio Vol. S. W. Chamberlain August 6, 1862 June 8, 1865 Co. G., 21st Wis. Inf. A. J. Calkins August, 1862 June, 1865 Co. G., 21st Wis. Inf. George Costley May 28, 1864 May 25, 1865 Co. D., 2nd Pa. Cav. J. 0. Conner October 24, 1861 November 20, 1865 Co. F., 14th Wis. Inf. H. M. Carpenter October 3, 1864 July 18, 1865 Co. A., 18th Wis. Vol. Patrick Corbett August 11, 1862 August 9, 1865 Co. J., 32nd Wis. Vol. Theodore W. Cornell August 8, 1862 June 8, 1865 Co. E., 21st Wis. Inf. Lorenzo D. Cone August 27, 1864 June 2, 1865 Co. D., 16th Wis. InL Peter Colton October 9, 1861 September 1, 1865 Co. F., 67th Ohio Frank Clark August 25, 1864 August, 1865 Co. D., 27th Wis. Inf. John Clark December 22, 1864 July 18, 1865 Co. E., 18th Wis. Inf. Warner S. Carr February 14, 1864 Co. G., 21st Wis. Vol. James H. Craine Co. F., 3rd Iowa Cav. Henry Calkins August 11, 1861 June 18, 1864 Co. G., 21st Wis. Inf. Orlo Cheever June 17, 1864 June 5, 1865 Co. A., 14th N. Y. Art. Avery Colburn September 23, 1863 July 3, 1865 Co. C, Wis. Battery B. F. Dorr February, 1864 October 5, 1865 Co. G., 2nd Iowa Cav. E. R. Dudley E. Daskam September 16, 1861 October 9, 1865 Co. G., 14th Wis. F. A. Deleglise July, 1861 July, 1864 Co. E., 6th Wis. Inf. John Dixon February 24, 1864 October 9, 1865 Co. G., 14th Wis. InL David Dicks September 1, 1861 1862 Co. L., 9th Pa. Cav. H. H. Dudley February 22, 1864 January 24, 1865 Co. B., 36th Wis. Inf. C. Werden Deane October 13, 1862 July 6, 1865 Go. J., 6th Mich. Cav. George F. Dailey May 7, 1861 July 10, 1865 Co. K., 3rd Wis. Vol. Chriss Dehersberger 1864 July 17, 1865 Co. B., 45th Wis. Inf. Chas. Decanter February, 1864 May 7, 1865 Co. 10th H. A. New York Davis Eben June, 1861 1863 Co. A., 11th Ind. InL Jack Dowd June 23, 1864 May 3, 1865 Co. F., 38th Wis. InL W. J. Empey December, 1861 September, 1865 Co. H., 3rd Wis. Cav. Martin V. Elliott September 11, 1861 February 20, 1863 Co. H., 14th Wis. InL William Fife S. S. Ferguson April 21, 1861 September, 1865 Co. K., 4th Wis. Cav. Francis Fryer October 11, 1861 September, 1865 Co. C, 3rd Minn. InL Charles Furgeson January 24, 1864 January, 1865 Co. E, 35th Wis. Inf. Dominicus Fowler February 6, 1862 February 17, 1865 U. S. Navy George Fehl April 21, 1861 August 5, 1864 Co. G., 12th Mo. InL John A. Finney ...February, 1862 March 16, 1865 Co. D., 10th W. Va. John M. Fischer August 27, 1861 May 12, 1865 Co. F., 29th N. Y. L. L. Foster October 1, 1864 June 2, 1865 Co. K., 17th Wis. InL Charles Gosha December 23, 1863 September 2, 1865 Co. E., 4th N. H. Inf. D. Graham December 24, 1862 August 10, 1865 3rd Wis. Battery John W. Goodwin August 4, 1862 June 4, 1865 Co. G., 109th N. Y. 64 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Name Date of Enlistment Discharge Unit Theodore Graves August 26, 1864 June 6, 1865 1st Michigan Engrs. E. W. Gallagan April 6, 1862 April 5, 1865 Co. H., 14th Wis. Inf. B. Garrity March 30, 1864 October 27, 1865 Co. G., 3rd Wis. Cav. G. W. Garrett April 9, 1863 October 2, 1865 Co. B., 3rd Wis. Cav. Thomas Gleason July 17, 1863 September 5, 1863 U. S. Navy (Landsman) Charles Graves October 6, 1862 July 30, 1865 Co. D., 6th Iowa Cav. Charles E. Goodnow November, 1861 April 6, 1863 Co. J., 3rd Mo. Inf Joseph Gotchey June 1, 1861 August 8, 1863 Co. K., 3rd Wis. Inf. Peter Hilger October 28, 1864 June 4, 1865 17th Wis. Inf. W. H. Higgins July, 1862 March 9, 1863 Co. H., 20th Me. Inf. J. H. Heath January, 1864 June, 1864 Co. E., 40th Wis. Inf. W. J. Hagen November, 1864 July, 1865 Co. J., 32nd Wis. Inf. R. J. Hitchcock September 24, 1861 September 4, 1865 Co. K., 11th Wis. Inf. Z. Hammond August 21, 1861 February 20, 1866 Co. M., 11th Pa. Cav. Nelson Hobart August 13, 1862 August 15, 1865 Co. F., 27th Ind. Vol. A. J. Hooker August 24, 1861 August 29, 1864 Co. B. 1st N. Y. A. A. P. Hull January 1, 1861 July 19, 1865 Co. B. 8th Minn. Inf. Wm. Hampton August 21, 1862 June 12, 1865 Co. H., 32nd Wis. Inf. W. C. Hubbard October 15, 1863 September 28, 1865 Co. H., 1st Mich. Eng. Patrick Hickey October, 1863 July 1, 1865 Co. H., 2nd Mass. Cav. Frank A. Huff December, 1863 August 17, 1865 Co. A., 3rd Wis. Cav. Frederick Hillman 1864 July, 1865 Co. K., 17th Wis. Inf. Frank Hoyt December 1, 1863 August 17, 1865 Co. A., 3rd Wis. Cav. George Jones August 15. 1862 July, 1865 Co. K., 21st Wis. Inf. W. B. Johns May, 1864 September 30, 1864 Co. G., 39th Wis. Inf. H. W. James August 21, 1861 July 17, 1865 Co. C, 16th Wis. Inf. A. Juneau lune 13, 1861 August 5, 1865 78th U. S. Battery Ed Jarvis February 11, 1864 August 10, 1865 8th Wis. Battery William James James Kennedy August 22, 1862 January, 1863 Co. K., 103rd Ohio Inf. A. O. D. Kelley July 20, 1862 July 8, 1865 Co. C, 85th Ind. Vol. Inf. J. N. Kiefer July 13, 1862 June 15, 1865 Co. H., 24th Wis. Inf. A. Kling August, 1862 June 18, 1865 Co. D., 21st Wis. Inf. F. P. Kennedy February, 1865 December, 1865 Co. E., 42nd Wis. Inf. Chas. W. Knapp February 2, 1865 September 21, 1865 Co. A., 153rd 111. Inf. Davis Kirk April, 1861 July 2, 1866 Co. B., 14th Ohio Inf. J. A. Long March, 1862 1865 Co. G., 9th Ind. Inf. John R. Leykom March, 1861 July, 1865 Co. A., 5th Wis. Inf. Edw. LaLonde August 28, 1862 June 2, 1865 Co. A., 18th Wis. Inf. Ira Lake November 24, 1863 June 23, 1865 Co. H., 21st Wis. InL Beng. F. Lillie September 2, 1862 Aug. 10, 1865 Co. — 2nd Ohio Lt. A. Henry Lloyd February 25, 1864 Sept. 4, 1866 Co. G., Uth Wis. InL Franklin Locke August 14, 1862 June 8, 1865 Co. G., 21st Wis. Inf. Robert Lewins February 18, 1865 June 18, 1866 Co. F., 50th Wis. Inf. M. J. Lower Co. C. 122nd Ohio Inf. W. Laing June 2, 1862 September 5, 1865 Co. K., 3rd N. J. InL H. M. Lord October 15, 1865 July 2, 1865 Co. G., 1st Wis. Art. August C. Ludkey November 17, 1863 July 19, 1865 Co. G., Wis. Cav. Homer W. Lake March 3, 1864 July 26, 1865 Co. A., 38th Wis. Inf. John Merchant January 1, 1864 January 22, 1865 Co. G., 10th N. Y. Inf. Moritz Mueller August 21, 1862 June 12, 1865 Co. A., 32nd Wis. InL Thomas McDonald October, 1864 Co. D., 12th Inf. E. H. Mellor August, 1864 June 1, 1865 Co. E., 5th Wis. InL Andrew Michaelson February 20, 1865 June 12. 1866 Co. C, 50th Wis. InL John W- Merrill August 11, 1862 September 20, 1865 Co. D., 30th Wis. Inf. D. A. Morgan September 2, 1864 July, 1865 U. S. S. St. Western William Meller September 6, 1862 July 18, 1865 Co. G., 92nd N. Y. M. Simon Matheny February 18, 1864 June 22, 1866 Co. C, 1st Bat. Cav. Charles Mosher May 8, 1861 November 14, 1861 Co. H., 20th 111. InL H. A. Mills December 6, 1863 August 31, 1865 Co. D., 1st Wis. H. Art. William Madder August 26, 1864 June 17, 1865 Co. D., Wis. Vol. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 65 Name Date of Enlistment Discharge Unit D. M. Maxon July 29, 1861 July 28, 1862 Co. B., 4th Wis. Inf. John Newberry August 16, 1864 July 19, 1865 Co. G., 169th N. Y. Inf. John S. Nelson September 2, 1864 June 14, 1865 Co. A., 2nd Wis. Cav. C. O'Neil August 2, 1862 August 2, 1865 Co. C, 16th U. S. Inf. D. W. Olin February, 1865 June, 1865 Co. G., 50th Wis. Inf. Benjamin O'Deal August 21, 1862 June 12, 1865 Co. F., 32nd Wis. Inf. R. B. Olmsted January 4, 1865 September 14, 1865 Co. D., 47th Mass. Daniel O'Brien September 19, 1862-. January 5, 1865 Co. G., 92nd III. Inf. J. Phelps August 11, 1862 June 16, 1865 Co. D., 31st Wis. Inf. Joel E. Parker May 5, 1862 May 5, 1865 Co. G., 11th Ohio Vol. E. W. Pride January 1, 1862 ^-September, 1863 Co. G., 1st Wis. Inf. John H. Reader September 8, 1864 g^June 2, 1865 Co. D., 16th Wis. Inf. Henry Rust April 23, 1861 July 27, 1865 Co. E., 14th Ohio Inf. Austin Robinson February 10, 1865 ..February 9, 1866 Co. F., 34th N. Y. Vol. Alexander Rogers September 10, 1861 October 30, 1864 Co. F., 16th Ohio Vol. Inf. A. D. Rice March 17, 1864 August 12, 1865 Co. B.. 38th Wis. Inf. Henry Smith July 20, 1863 November 8, 1865 Co. H., 2nd N. Y. Vol. Inf. F. M. Sherman April 19, 1861 January 18, 1865 Co. I., 9th Ind. Inf. J. A. Spencer March 25, 1862 September 1, 1865 Co. I., 3rd Wis. Vol. Inf. Stephen Scott March, 1863 Co. B., 37th Wis. Inf. August Schoepke December 20, 1861 April 4, 1865 Co. K., 17th Wis. Vol. Cav. H. C. Shipley September, 1861 April 14, 1865 Co. C, 1st Wis. Cav. J. F. Saxe February, 1864 July 11, 1865 Co. M., 3rd W. Va. Cav. William Stacy September 1, 1862 June 15, 1865 Co. K., 21st Ohio Inf. Gates Saxton April 30, 1861 May 23, 1862 Co. H., 14th N. Y. Inf. E. D. Stewart February 16, 1864 December 1, 1865 Co. H., 15th Ohio C. H. Steele August 6, 1862 August 7, 1865 Co. A., 72nd 111. Inf. Robert Sheriff August 28, 1864 June 28, 1865 Co. E., 5th Wis. Inf. George W. Stanley September 21, 1861 May 28, 1862 Co. B., 14th Wis. Inf. Frederick Spoehr September 29, 1864 June 3, 1865 Co. B., 9th Wis. Inf. J. C. Spencer April 19, 1864 June 24, 1865 Co. F., 37th Wis. Inf. Albert L. Stowe August 14, 1862 June 25, 1865 Co. G., 21st Wis. Inf. Charles H. Sprague August 18, 1862 May 20, 1865 Co. E., 100th Ohio Inf. Loren M. Shew January 19, 1864 May 24, 1865 Co. K., 10th N. Y. H. Art. J. Spurgeon May 7, 1861 September, 1865 Co. K., 3rd Wis., Vol. Dan Sweeney February, 1864 July 15, 1865 Co. K., 64th 111. Inf. J. P. Sanders November 19, 1861 July 12, 1862 Co. H., 1st Wis. Inf. A. D. Stowe August, 1864 June 1865 Co. H., 5th Wis. Inf. James Thurber May 26, 1864 Sept. 23, 1864 Co. G., 41st Wis. Vol. R. S. Thompson June 11, 1861 November 15, 1861 Co. — 2nd Wis. Inf. Israel Wood December, 1863 July 11, 1865 Co. K., 34th Mass. Inf. H. B. Woodhouse December 18, 1864 May 18, 1865 Co. D., 14th Wis. Inf. W. W. Wheeler June 12, 1861 June 23, 1862 Co. C. 7th Ohio Inf. E. I. Whitney 1864 June, 1865 Co. A., 38th Wis. Inf. William N. Wilson February 4, 1865 September 4, 1865 Co. I., 47th Wis. Inf. Nicholas Weaver September 18, 1862 May 29, 1865 Co. D., 97th N. Y. Inf. Thomas Williams August, 1864 Co. F., 145th P. A. D. A. Willard September 18, 1861 October 31, 1864 Co. G., 1st Wis. Cav. Hiram H. Ward February 1, 1864 May 26, 1866 Co. K., 4th Wis. Cav. Andrew Webley 1861 June 13, 1865 Co. K., 50th N. Y. Inf. Michael Weix September, 1861 June 13, 1865 Co. A., 15th Inf. L. Zahn April 11, 1862 April 29, 1865 Co. K., 19th Wis. Inf. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. Langlade County was still in its infancy when President William McKinley issued a call for 125,000 volunteers on April 23, 1898, after the blowing up of the ill-fated Maine in Havana harbor. Yet Langlade County citizens were ready to do their part. Ed Kiefer enlisted at Portage, Wis., in the 3rd Wiscon- sin Infantry; John McGinley enlisted in Co. D., 49th Iowa Volunteer Infantry, Waterloo, la. He saw serv- ice in Cuba and was mustered out at Savanah, Ga., May 13, 1899. George Doersch served in a South Da- kota regiment; Frank Lyons served with Co. L of the U. S. Cavalry; Dan O'Brien served in the 34th Michigan Regiment with an Ironwood Co.; John Mol- litor served with Company "E" of the 2nd Wisconsin Volunteers, a Fond du Lac unit; Charles Clark serv- ed with "G" Co., 2nd Wisconsin Volunteers from Ap- 66 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. pleton, Wis. Both Mr. Clark and Mr. Mollitor sol- diered in Porto Rico. Willis Otis enlisted January 10, 1899. with Co. "D" of the 4th U. S. Infantry. He was mustered out in 1901 after service in the Philip- pines. Fred Springstead enlisted in May, 1898. FRED SPRINGSTEAD— HERO. Fred Springstead, son of Mrs. Jane Springstead, of Antigo, was the only Langlade County man to be kill- ed during the Spanish-American War. He was killed in action August 1, 1898, before the entrenchments of Cavite, P. I. by a sniping sharpshooter. He died while fighting with "D" Company of the 1st Colorado Volunteers. FRED SPRINGSTE.^D The first LaiiKlade County soldier to be killed in action, while lightinK for his Country. He enlisted in Colorado during the .Spanish-AmcricaTi War. A bust of Fred Springstead now appears in the state capitol, Denver, Colorado, as young Spring- stead was the first Colorado soldier to fall. His military funeral at the Antigo M. E. Church, March 29, 1900, was the largest gathering that had to that day ever assembled to pay homage to a Lang- lade County hero. ANTIGO GUARD COMPANY. After the Spanish-American War a military unit known as the Antigo Guard Company was organized, March 21, 1901. Officers chosen were: Captain, George H. Doersch; 1st Lieut., William C. Ross; 2nd Lieut., Thomas F. Thompson; Secretary, R. C. Lillie. The muster roll of enlisted men was as follows: H. Baldwin, Herman Brecklin, Peter P. Chadek, F. C. Duchac, A. E. Dove, F. Doner, C. W. Frick, George Fehring. R. H. Ford, W. P. Fessenden, P. H. French, P. H. Flanagan, J. W. Flanagan, Will Flynn, Ernest Fondow, Walter Guile, E. L. Goff, J. H. Hopkins, William H. Hackett, E. D. Humphrey, Paul Heller, H. B. Heinemann, Colon Hutchinson, F. G. Hoffman, Alfred Klock, August Kurz, John Kebble, A. B. Kra- mer, Harry F. Kohl, Otto Molle, J. W. Mader, J. P. McHale, C. H. Rice, R. Rounds, F. J. Rhode, C. W. Rock, Julius Strauch, Max Steinhauer, G. H. Wan- ninger and Louis Zern. The roll was augmented by new members during the six months following organization. The company was reorganized with a change in officers. Thomas Thompson, J. H. Hopkins, D. Meyer served as Cap- tains successively. When the company disbanded, because it was not possible to be admitted into the Wisconsin National Guards, it had the following offi- cers: Captain, J. H. Hopkins; 1st Lieut., Harry F. Kohl, and 2nd Lieutenant, Otto F. Berner. THE ANTIGO GUARDS OF 1901. Camping on the banks of the Eau Claire River. The old Antigo Guards was a live unit, much more so than the Antigo Light Guards of 1888, who dis- banded shortly after their organization. Many an In- dependence Day celebration and sham battle were given by the Antigo Guards. The Battle of Crocker's Landing was a thrilling mock battle staged by Antigo Guards at a July 4th celebration. THE 14TH WISCONSIN REUNION. The old 14th Wisconsin Regiment of Civil War fame held a reunion in Antigo in June 1902. Antigo was lavishly decorated. A welcome address was giv- en the veterans by Mayor Thomas W. Hogan. Beauti- ful arches were erected at Edison, Clermont, and Su- perior streets and near the depot. Antigo people en- rolled at the reunion headquarters were: George Jessie, "A" Co., 14th Wis.; Lieut. C. M. Beattie and wife; Edward Daskam, "G" Co.; M. V. Elliott, "H" Co., and E. Galligan, "H" Co., all of the 14th Wis- consin. ANTIGO BOYS WITH PERSHING AT BORDER. Pancho Villa, bandit chieftain, in his desire to wage guerilla warfare against the United States, ransacked the border town of Columbus, New Mexico. Presi- dent Wilson ordered General John J. Pershing into Chihuahua and other northern Mexican states in pur- suit. State militia was called out to patrol the bor- der and excitement was high. Langlade County boys in Co. L., Rhinelander, Oneida County military unit, were Louis Maybee, Archie and Curtis Carpenter of the city of Antigo, Charles Gehrke, Summit Lake, Oscar Hertell of Bass Lake, and Otto Staats. They HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 67 returned home after eight months of border service, February 28, 1917. Truck drivers were necessary for border warfare and Bert Nixon, Lester Tosch, Ben Pliska and Ward Walsh enlisted in that branch of service. RECRUITING FOR WORLD WAR. When it became apparent that the United States had no alternative but to enter the war against Germany, a recruiting office was opened in Antigo. It was lo- cated in the rear of the Rogers-McCollister fruit store, Voight Bldg., and later located in the Manthey bldg., corner of Fifth Avenue and Edison Street. Edward Cody, Postmaster, and Otto F. Berner were the men most influential in organizing plans for an Antigo military unit. They were working quietly on the matter as early as June, 1916. First volunteers to sign the roll on April 6, 1917, were as follows: O. A. Miller, William H. Leslie, Mike Skibbins, George Kolerus, Orville Green, Ezra Knapp, John Gesiorek, George Chadek, Leland May- otte, Henry Tenant, Leland A. Tollefson, Frank T. Lynde, Stanley Talarcyzk, John Chadek, Edwin Walk- er, Edwin Menting, Richard Hugnin, Bill Now, AI Menting, F. M. Hopkins, Floyd Topping, E. Krauk, F. Stidel, Silas Baird, J. Sharon, Jr., Evan Martin, Otto F. Berner, Alex Skibba, Leo Mountain, Al Dixon, B. Hogan, A. McGregor, P. J. Sleeter, Hermis F. Dionne, Leo Bowens, William Bonier, Henry Edwards, Frank Schyzyski, Henry Kawalski, O. G. Brandow, Hugh Nelson, S. V. Noble, F. Hersant, Leo Ottman, Bert Mayerl, Lester Parkhill, Floyd Burdin, Clarence No- wotny, Robert M. Dessureau, George P. Rath, Albert B. Arnold, C. D. Leslie, Harold Huntoon, George Rabi- deau. Otto Weiher, John Shadick, Edwin Boettcher, James Schultz, J. B. Zodrow, Robert Mattmiller, J. H. Hopkins, Norman Preston, Merritt Reader, Raymond Lange, R. S. Griffith, George E. Brown, Ray Clegg, Daniel Hayes, George McArthur, John Maltby, John Wall, I. Hoffman, Will Rice, I. C. Green, D. 0. Rich- ter, George Edee, J. Churney, Charles Bonnell, W. C. Peterson, C. H. Anderson, Charles McArthur, Anton Bosacki, W. Neary, Dan Kehlnofer, Jerome Riley, Frank Luckowicz, John Cherek, William Reif, F. Bahr, E. G. Winters, Walter Lange, James Garvey, and Theodore Sloat. ANTIGO MILITIA LEAGUE. The Antigo Militia League was organized April 18, 1917, two weeks after war was declared. Henry Hay was elected President; Edward Cody, Vice President; Fred L. Berner, Secretary, and J. C. Lewis, Treasurer. The object of the league was to promote the organ- ization of an Antigo military unit; to give moral and financial aid to the unit in its embryo stages. An executive committee consisting of G. J. Quigley, R. B. Johns, S. B. UUman, Fred L. Berner, and John Hanousek, was appointed. The Antigo Militia League applied for state aid for an armory under the Wilcox Law after John Hanousek, a member of the executive committee, purchased the Antigo Opera House and presented it to the city for an armory. This work, to- gether with a great patriotic meeting. May 16, 1917, when Col. Guy D. Goff and General Charles King spoke and the organization of Company "G," 4th Wis- consin Regiment, practically completed the purpose of the Militia League. The Antigo Militia League performed a commend- able service in an anxious time in the history of Lang- lade County. CITIZENS' TRAINING CAMP. The Antigo Citizens' Training Camp, a home mili- tary unit, recognized in war on an equal status with the state militia, was organized October 26, 1917. A Board of Governors consisting of C. J. TeSelle, James Cody, S. B. UUman, J. D. Mylrea, and Fred L. Berner was appointed. J. D. Mylrea was elected Captain, C. J. TeSelle, 1st Lieutenant, and Edward Faust, 2nd Lieutenant of the unit. Captain Mylrea resigned shortly after his selection. C. J. TeSelle then became Captain, Edward Faust, 1st Lieutenant, and Charles Cody, 2nd Lieutenant. The Citizens' Training Camp drilled regularly and performed a service of importance at home. The or- ganization took its oath and was inspected by a repre- sentative of the Adjutant General. No definite ter- mination was made of the home guards, as they were called. Drill ceased when war ended. ORIGINAL ROSTER OF THE 107TH TRENCH MORTAR BATTERY AS COMPANY "G" 4TH WISCONSIN INFANTRY. Captain — 0. A. Miller. First Lieutenant — Otto F. Berner. Second Lieutenant — Vernon J. Quigley. First Sergeant — Frank T. Lynde. Supply Sergeant — Harry Zuehlke. Mess Sergeant — William E. McNamara. Stable Sergeant — Louis J. Maybee. Sergeants — Robert C. Dewey, Hermis F. Dionne, Robert E. Mattmiller, George A. Bates, Raymond R. Clegg, William L. Andrews, Floyd E. Fitzgerald. Buglers — Ralph H. Berner, Earl W. Huntoon. Corporals — Abner J. Rolo, Frank A. Cherek, Harvey E. Goebel, Leonard Rolo, Lester N. Parkhill, George E. Brown, Harry L. Zwickey, Howard E. Beldin, Wil- liam H. Wessa, Alex P. Skibba, Joseph Wojtasiak, Frank L. Smith, Joseph Rath, Frank C. Fischer, Amos J. Maltby, Edward J. Bernier, James I. Prosser. Privates, 1st Class— Albert B. Arnold, Willard J. Bernier, Orlin G. Brandow, George E. Buerger, George G. Edee, Frank D. Fierst, Ira D. Finley, Frank W. Fischer, Roy Goodwill, Daniel D. Hayes, Francis A. Hersant, Clarence Horn, Charles W. Hotchkiss, Rich- ard A. Hugunin, Nestor C. Humblet, Roy A. Joles, Edward H. Koles, John B. Maltby, Bert L. Mayerl, Edwin Menting, Bernard Miller, Anson G. Mueller, Neal A. McArthur, Terrence A. McCann, Hugh B. Nelson, Edmond Noel, Clarence H. Nowotny, 68 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Thomas F. O'Brien, William E. Page, William Pas- suelo, Jay W. Plopper, George A. Rabideau, George P. Rath, Amos A. Rice, William I. Rice, Walter B. Scott, Frank Skibba, Reese D. Sparks, Orson F. Stone, Leland F. Tollefson, Raymond J. Wagner, Julius N. Weinberg, Ira Zwickey. Privates — George P. Ackerman, William W. Adget, Joe Alft, Harry Aim, William F. Auclair, Frank J. Bahr, William T. Ballard, Edward D. Bardwell, Ed- ward Blaha, James Blaha, Edward G. Blahnik, Joseph F. Blahnik, Harry H. Bohse, Charles Bonnell, John F. Borowczyk, Leo M. Bowens, Harold D. Bovet, Mar- tin J. Brennan, Robert S. Brown, Ray L. Carpenter, Joseph F. Chadek, Stanley A. Christian, Benjamin H. Clark, Henry Cornelius, Charles Couveau, Wallace Curran, Lyle A. Dalton, Roy E. Drew, Arleigh L. Dudley, Frank Fischer, Frank J. Gugla, Leo J. Glugla, William D. Grigson, Andrew M. Halminiak, Bernard R. Hogan, Anton W. Homola, Fayett M. Hopkins, (). A. .MILLER Captain of original Co. G. Promoted to Major Octol)i.r I, li)lS. Overseas from February IT, 1!IIS to lamiary 1, 1!)1S. Major Miller participated in the Alsace defensive. Cliateau-'riiierry. Jnvigny and Mnese-.\rgonnc battles. Major Miller was awarded the Croix de (luerre for bravery by the I'^rench (ioveninient. Lynn E. Hull, Joseph V. Jagla, Frank Janness, August Jaster, Richard Kaplanek, Frank H. Keen, Andrew Kielhofer, Louis Klinner, George Kolerus, Walter Ko- zarek, Frank J. Kotavy, George A. Kotchi, Frank W. Kubiaczyk, John A. Lebek, Joseph Leindecker, Felix Lepinski, Cyril D. Leslie, Gordon Maloney, Roscoe Manning, Frank Manthey, George E. Martin, Richard H. Martiny, Cliff Middleton, Clarence C. Morse, George W. Mulhern, Frank Muraski, Frank J. Novak, William H. Now, Erwin Nowotny, Charles Olson, Frank Opichka, Burnie L. Orr, Francis E. Othrow, William Peters, Samuel Potts, Floyd C. Rath, Merrit W. Reader, Wallie Remington, Hiram W. Renfro, William Rief, Alfred Robinson, William Schielke, Peter Schramke, George Schwentner, John W. Seis, Earl W. Shanks, Archie W. Shannon, Vernon F. Shan- non, Frank Spychalla, Otto Tiegs, Roy J. Thompson, Harold C. Tenant, Ora N. Tidd, Grant J. Turney, Jr., Joseph M. Van Dyke, Adles A. Willams, Hilery B. Wineberger, Emil H. Wojan, Walter Wojeck, George A. Zehner, John D. Zemske, Joseph A. Zima, John B. Zodrow. COMPANY G, 4TH WISCONSIN. The application for creating an Antigo military unit was forwarded to the Adjutant General, Orlando Hol- way, at once after the necessary volunteers had en- listed and other arrangements made. April 22, 1917, at the Antigo High School, sixty-five recruits were sworn into service as soldiers of Company G., 4th Wis- consin National Guard. Otto A. Miller was elected temporary Captain, Otto F. Berner, temporary 1st OTTO F. BERNER Captain of the lOTth Trench Mortar Battery, was 1st Lieutenant of the original Co. G. He was promoted October l(i, I'.ns. Captain Berner enlisted .April 21, I'.llT as a private. He served overseas from February 17, 191S to February 27, lill!) and participated in the Alsace defensive, Chateau-Thierry, Jnvigny and Muese-.^rgonne battles. Lieutenant, and Vernon Quigley, temporary 2nd Lieu- tenant. Captain Miller was permanently commission- ed May 17, 1917. Lieutenants Berner and Quigley were permanently commissioned July 12, 1917. The new company drilled at the ball park in ear- nest from July 15, 1917, to August 11, 1917, when it was ordered to Camp Douglas, Wisconsin. Amid im- pressive scenes and farewells that were heart-rending, the boys entrained. Thousands of people were at the Antigo depot at seven o'clock that eventful morning to bid farewell to Langlade County's military unit. Who knew but what they would not return? Company G conducted itself admirably at Camp Douglas, from which place it was ordered to Camp HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 69 McArthur, Waco, Texas (with the 32nd Division). The 4th, 5th, and 6th Wisconsin regiments were re- organized at Camp McArthur and Company G be- came the 107th Trench Mortar Battery. 107TH TRENCH MORTAR BATTERY. The 107th Trench Mortar Battery was a unit of the 57th Field Artillery Brigade. Lieutenant Otto Ber- ner was ordered to Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, to take a three months' field artillery course. The battery left Camp McArthur February 8, 1918, proceeded to Camp Merrit, N. J., and on February 16, 1918, boarded the U. S. S. President Grant and a day later sailed from New York harbor. They arrived at Brest, France, March 4, 1918. While Langlade County citizens were aware that the Antigo unit would sail soon, they did not know it had embarked from New York until noti- fication of the unit's safe arrival at Brest was given out by the War Department. From Brest the battery proceeded to Pontinazian Barracks and after a few days' rest marched to Camp de Coetquidan, near Guer, France. Some of the An- tigo soldiers were ill and remained at Brest. Private Ora N. Tidd, son of Mr. and Mrs. Elmer Tidd of Neo- pit, Wisconsin, a member of the 107th, died at Brest in March, 1918. He was 26 years old at the time of his death. He enlisted July 18, 1917. The 107th Trench Mortar Battery evacuated Camp de Coetquidan for the Alsace Sector, near the Swiss border, June 10, 1918. Captain Miller and Lieuten- ants Berner and Quigley returned May 10, 1918, to the 107th headquarters, after attending a trench mor- tar school at Langres en Marne. Lieut M. V. Griscom of Chattanooga, Tennessee, had charge of the battery during their absence. IN ALSACE— REESE SPARKS KILLED. The 107th was in action in the Alsace Sector on June 29, 1918, and it was here that Reese Sparks fell fighting for his country. Reese Sparks, first Langlade County soldier to be killed in action, was the son of Mr. and Mrs. George Sparks of Olive Hill, Kentucky, and enlisted in the Antigo unit in June, 1917. ALFT AND BALLARD KILLED. The 107th Trench Mortar Battery was located in a French fort and attached to French Mortar Batteries while in the Alsace Sector. Here Joseph Alft and Thomas Ballard were killed by a premature explosion on July 8, 1918. Joseph Alft was the son of John Alft of Shawano, Wis. He enlisted April 23, 1917. Thomas Ballard was the son of Mr. and Mrs. John Ballard, Elton, Wis. He was born August 12, 1895, and enlisted May 6, 1917. John Baetz and Jackimo Gambino of Detroit, Michigan, were wounded by the same explosion. AT CHATEAU THIERRY. July 20, 1918, the 107th Trench Mortar Battery was ordered to Chateau Thierry and there participated in the Vesle River engagement. The unit used captured A TRENCH MORTAR Used l)v the liirth Trench Mortar Battery World War. in the German trench mortars in the skirmish. The 107th was under fire from July 27 to August 23, 1918, while in this section. When not in the lines the men were engaged in burying the dead and in salvage. CORPORAL L. A. TOLLEFSON KILLED. In the Vesle River engagement, where the Ameri- can army won undying glory by pushing the German army back for miles. Corporal Leland ToUefson was killed on August 17, 1918. He was delivering an im- portant message to brigade headquarters in the Cha- teau Thierry Sector and sacrificed his life while on that duty. Corporal Tollefson was the son of Mrs. A. M. Tollefson and was born May 30, 1894. IN THE ARGONNE FOREST. August 25, 1918, the 107th moved north of Soissons, just previously captured by the French and Ameri- cans. September 15, 1918, the battery was ordered to the historic Argonne forest. The unit arrived at its destination September 24, 1918. The battery was split into two groups and assisted two French mortar bat- teries in the Argonne offensive, which was launched with a terrific attack upon the Germans September 26, 1918. The end of war was now in sight, as the German army was retreating all along the entire front. 107TH OFFICERS PROMOTED. On October 1, 1918, Captain O. A. Miller was pro- moted to rank of Major and assigned to a trench mor- tar battalion. Fifteen days later Lieutenants Berner 70 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. and Quigley were promoted to Captain and First Lieu- tenant respectively. The 107th Trench Mortar Battery assisted the 89th Division Trench Mortar Batteries in a drive against the Germans at Bantherville, twenty miles northwest of Verdun, October 25, 1918. Thirteen days later, November 17, the Antigo unit left the front lines. November 9, 1918, the 57th Field Artillery Brigade was ordered to Bar Le Due because of a shortage of horses needed to haul battery equipment. The bat- tery equipment of the 107th was disposed of at Vitrey in December, 1918, and the Langlade County soldiers were now ready to embark for America. Joy spread over the entire unit at the thought of home and loved ones. But it was a long wait ahead of the now sea- soned veterans of the greatest war in history before they would trod on American soil. The 107th was detained at Angers, France, in the early part of January, 1919. Angers is a short dis- James A. Cody, Charles W. Fish, William H. Brown, C. J. TeSelle and Fred L. Berner, were in charge of the great celebration, program and parade. Langlade County made it a holiday such as the children of its citizens of the coming generations will ask questions. Thousands of mothers, weary and overstrained be- cause of war, sweethearts, wives, fathers, brothers and sisters beseiged the passenger coaches of that historic train. The Antigo band struck up the tune "On Wis- consin" as the boys stepped from the train. Rousing cheers were given them from the huge mass of hu- manity. It was a day Langlade County will not for- get. God had delivered back to the folks at home the soldiers who had bid farewell August 11, 1917. They marched to the Antigo Armory where John Han- ousek had prepared a regular meal, "the kind mother makes," for them. And although Uncle Sam fed his soldiers the best, the 107th soldiers thought much more of "what mother cooked." RETURN' OF THE lOTTH TRENCH MORTAR B.\TTERV May 17, 1919, thousands of relatives and friends greeted the boys, who served in the World War, as they inarched down Fifth .Avenue, Antigo, Wis. .\ntigo has never since been in such gala attire. It was a notable event in the history of Langlade County. tance from St. Nazairre and here the 107th was on detail duty until the early part of April, when orders to proceed to St. Nazairre for embarkation were given. HOMEWARD BOUND. April 20, 1919, the 107th boarded the U. S. S. Mer- cury and ten days later, April 30, 1919, landed at Philadelphia. The boys were mustered out of serv- ice at Camp Grant, 111., on May 15, 1919, and arrived in Antigo on a special train at 11.30 a. m., May 17, 1919. THE GREAT WELCOME HOME. Never in the history of Langlade County will there be witnessed such a welcome as that accorded the valiant soldiers of the 107th Trench Mortar Battery. The flag-bedecked special train pulled into Antigo near noon. The citizens' committee, consisting of TWO PROGRAMS. After the monstrous parade, second to none in the county's history, was reviewed by civic leaders and Civil War veterans, two programs were given. The Armory program was presided over by Judge T. W. Hogan and that in the Beavers' Hall was presided over by Judge J. W. Parsons. Officers and men of the battery talked of their experiences and sang trench songs. When the program closed that evening the boys began at once to turn their attention to the arts of peace, and, like Cinncinnatus, took up their tasks where they left off almost two years before. THE COUNCIL OF DEFENSE. The Langlade County Council of Defense was or- ganized April 10, 1917, with the following member- ship chosen by the State Council of Defense: Chair- man, Leonard Freiburger; M. T. Canfield, Food Ad- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 71 ministrator; C. J. TeSelle, Secretary; Agricultural De- partment, F. G. Swoboda; Transportation, G. J. Quig- ley; Banks, W. B. McArthur; Red Cross, Edward Cody; Labor, Edward Gibbons; Press, Fred L. Ber- ner; Public Nurse, Elizabeth Cornish; Women, Mrs. H. V. Mills; Executive Committee, Leonard Freibur- ger, Edward Cody and C. J. TeSelle. The Council of Defense had as its many duties registration of the Antigo Militia unit, supplying or- ganization and expense for the war registration, en- couraging food production and conservation, distribu- tion of funds to various committees and aided in meet- ing all labor emergencies, promulgated ideals of loyalty and Americanism, furnished speakers to every Lang- lade County community in all war drives, co-ordinated the women organizations to war conditions, gave their support to the State Council of Defense in mobiliza- tion, executed the supply, distribution and welfare of labor in the county, acted to curb disloyalty and sedi- tion, assisted U. S. secret service agents in a campaign of education among the few who were disloyal, pro- vided for the protection of public health, assisted the federal government in floating the various loans and war drives, encouraged community and patriotic sing- ing with the aid of rural and city schools, distributed wheat and corn seed in car lots with the aid of the county agent, the Farmers Co-operative store and Hirt Brothers Milling Company, cared for the food and fuel supplies of the county, aided War Savings Stamp and Red Cross drives, executed the Victory Fund drive, and received whole-hearted support from the public in the "war garden and back yard poultry flock" cam- paigns of 1917. C. J. TeSelle, District Attorney, Edward Cody, Postmaster, and W. J. Gallon were the local committee that acted on all sedition charges. The Langlade County Board unanimously approved the action of the Council of Defense and without soli- citation appropriated money to aid it. The Council of Defense automatically ceased its work six months after armistice day. Thirty-four cases of disloyalty were reviewed by the organization. Apprehension of slackers was accomplished by the U. S. District At- torney through the local committee. FIRST MEN TRANSPORTED. The first men transported by the Council of Defense was November 1, 1917, when John Chadek, Charles Dean, William Schatschneider, Edward Boerner, Lad- die Bierczynski and Earl Hodgson joined a group of volunteers at Rhinelander and proceeded to Texas. HISTORIC POSTERS. The Council of Defense was charged with register- ing every male inhabitant of draft age. Governor E. L. Philipp was anxious that Wisconsin be first to report complete registration. He sent the following wire to C. J. TeSelle through the State Council of Defense : "Every point must be worked out carefully in each precinct. Wisconsin must be first" — Melville, State Council of Defense. The Langlade County Council then posted large cards everywhere bearing the words : "Work or Fight," "Register or go to Jail." The State Historical Society has one of each of the posters in its archives. C. J. TeSelle was appointed Government Appeal Agent by President Wilson at the opening of the war and was honorably discharged March 31, 1919. He worked with the Board of Exemption. FOUR-MINUTE SPEAKERS. C. J. TeSelle, T. W. Hogan. J. W. Parsons, W. J. Gallon, Fred L. Berner, Arthur Goodrick, Henry Hay, Robert M. Dessureau, F. J. Finucane, Charles H. Avery, T. J. Reinert, A. N. Whiting, H. Morson, E. A. Morse, A. M. Arveson and F. G. Swoboda. OTHER WAR ACTIVITIES. Antigo had a Labor Bureau in charge of A. A. Gar- land and much was accomplished by it. The United States Public Service reserve was represented in Lang- lade County during the war by Edward Cody. A. M. Arveson had charge of the Boys' Working Bureau. Peter Krier had charge of the bureau for returning soldiers and sailors as early as December, 1918. The Community Labor Board consisted of the following members : Peter W. Krier, Charles W. Fish, Esther English, for employers; Fred W. Luebke and Miss Althea Wade for employes. Peter Krier was examiner and John H. Menting, junior examiner of the Antigo war employment office. County Fuel Administrators were: R. Koebke, James Cody and C. H. Avery suc- cessively. Food Administrators for Langlade County in order of service were : Charles Metcalf , M. T. Can- field, David Stewart and Mose A. Jansen. F. J. Finu- cane had charge of the war history work for the Wis- consin War History Commission in Langlade County. The County Non-War Construction Committee con- sisted of Endre Norem of Bryant, Leonard Freiburger and Mose Jansen of Antigo. LEGAL ADVISORY BOARD. The Langlade County Legal Advisory Board ren- dered efficient service gratuitous to drafted men in filling out questionairres. The board had the following membership : Chairman, Henry Hay, Charles Avery and Arthur Goodrick. They were often assisted by other citizens, including members of the bar, school officials and ministers. BOARD OF EXEMPTION— SELECTIVE SERVICE LAW. The Selective Service Law, section four, authoriz- ed the creation of a Board of Exemption in each county in the State or one board for every thirty thou- sand inhabitants in a large city. The Board of Exemp- tion of Langlade County was appointed by President Wilson, membership consisting of the following: J. C. 72 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Lewis, Valentine P. Rath, Miss Carrie Collins, Fred Jacobus, Henry Hersant, Edward F. Buchen, Dr. J. C. Wright and F. J. Finucane (deceased). The Board of Exemption had power to hear and de- termine, subject to review, all questions of exemption under the Selective Service Act and all questions or claims for including or discharging individuals from selective draft, made under rules and regulations prescribed by the President, except for persons who, under the provisions of the Selective Service Act, were legally exempt because of their being engaged in in- dustry or agriculture found necessary to the mainten- ance of military forces and national interest during the emergency. DRAFT PLAN CHANGED. The original draft method was changed in Septem- ber, 1917, and all future registrants were required to fill out questionairres in which general questions rela- tive to physical fitness, citizenry, divinity, military service, federal or municipal service, dependency, re- ligious conviction against war, industrial and agricul- tural occupation and numerous other matters were an- swered. Draft ages were extended to all youths who had at- tained twenty-one years of age between June 5, 1918, and August 24, 1918. Registration took place August 24, 1918. TH1-: HOARD OF EXEMPTION' OF LAXGL.XDE COfXTV. J. C. Lewis Valentine V. Katli. Miss Carrie Collins. Fred Jacobus. Henry Hersant. Edward F'. nuchcn. C. Wright. F. I. Finncane. The order of military liability of registrants was determined by lottery. The serial numbers of all reg- istrants drawn for service were published in local pa- pers. Notice was given at once to registrants. This list was often referred to as the "red ink list." The local Board of Exemption fulfilled the purpose of the Selective Service Law in leaving at home in national interest, married men who were actually supporting families. September 12, 1918, all Langlade County male in- habitants not in service between the ages of eighteen and forty-five registered in accordance with a state executive proclamation. THE LAST DRAFT. November 11, 1918, news and rumors were current in Antigo that the armistice was signed. The local HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 73 Board of Exemption was instructed to proceed, how- ever, with mobilization of men who were ordered to embark for camps beginning with the five day period starting November 11. A telegram, as follows, was re- ceived by the local board : "Work of Local Boards will proceed uninterruptedly." About four o'clock in the afternoon of November 11, 1918, a telegram was re- ceived at the local exemption board cancelling the last draft contingent that would in a few hours have been on "their way to camp" had not these words — "armistice signed — cancel draft," been received. The Exemption Board thereupon gradually complet- ed its work in the county. A total of 4,579 regis- trants were passed upon during its existence. The total registration on June 5, 1917, was 2,024; June and August, 1918, total registration in Langlade County was 180 men; September 12, 1918, 2,555 were regis- tered. Of those registered in Langlade County 530 were accepted at camp, 611 were chosen for general service, 38 were classed as remediables, 47 were plac- ed in limited service, 51 were disqualified from serv- ice, 680 were granted deferments because of depen- dency claims, 122 because of agriculture claims, and 20 because of industrial service. VICTORY FUND. The Langlade County Victory Fund Campaign, or- ganized to consolidate all war drives without waste or unnecessary effort, into one great fund raising cam- paign, was launched July 14, 1918. The organization perfected to raise this fund was under the supervision of the Council of Defense of Langlade County. Offi- cers and trustees held office for one year and directed the disbursement of funds upon orders approved by the Executive Committee. The total amount collect- ed during the campaign was $33,506.98, of which $25,000 was collected by the time the armistice was signed. The first subscription was $25 by the Com- munity Welfare Association. Charles W. Fish con- tributed the largest individual subscription of $500. With the exception of $1,349.25 used for remodeling the Armory, $334.02 appropriated for the homecom- ing celebration of the Langlade County Soldiers, $8,771.96 turned over to the local Red Cross Chapter, together with a small amount for current expenses, the balance was turned over to the state headquarters of the United War Work Campaign at Milwaukee. Organizations participating in the Victory Fund were Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., National Catholic War Council, K. of C, Jewish Welfare Board, War Camp Community Service, American Library Association and Salvation Army. Headquarters of the Victory Fund were in the City Hall at Antigo, managed by Mose A. Jansen. The fund was capably supervised under the direction of the Chairman and Town Committees, a complete ros- ter of which appears : LIST OF CHAIRMEN. Executive — C. J. Te Sella. Publicitj' — S. Ullman. Speakers — Ami Whiting. Industries and Employers — G. K. Meneely. Wards: 1st — Edward Cody; 2nd — W. J. Hammond; 3rd — Joseph Tessar; 4th — James McKenna; 5th — W. J. Zahl ; 6th— H. E. Sargent. TOWN COMMITTEES. Ackley — John O'Brien. Ainsworth — John Aird. Antigo — Wm. Brennecke. Elcho— G. W. Bauer. Elton— Wm. Alft. Evergreen — H. P. Juetten. Langlade — Hugh St. Clair. Neva — John Schultz. N9rwood — E. A. Moss. Peck — Wm. Wegner. Polar — Herman Parson. Price — Endre Norem. Rolling — Gustav Schroeder. Summit— North— Alfred Hurlbut. Summit — South — Geo. E. King. Upham — Wm. Pfeister. Vilas — Geo. Marshall. TOWN OF ACKLEY. Chairman of Town — John O'Brien. District No. 1— Walter Heyl; District No. 2— John Bahr, Jr., District No. 3 — Art Goodman; District No. 5 — Frank Fisher; District No. 6 — J. Schmutsch, Jr.; District No. 7— Otto Klessig. TOWN OF AINSWORTH. Chairman of Town — John Aird. District No. 3 — John Aird; District No. 4 — John Harvey; District No. 5 — C. A. Swanson; District No. 6 — Archie Spencer; District No. 7 — E. S. Tradewell. TOWN OF ANTIGO. Chairman of Town — William Brennecke. District No. 1— E. D. Gould; District No. 2— Harry Ralph; District No. 3 — John Olson; District No. 4 — Oscar Peterson; District No. 5 — Claude Jensen; Dis- trict No. 6— Ed. Hruska; District No. 7— J. G. Urness. TOWN OF ELCHO. Chairman of Town — G. W. Bauer. District No. 1 — William Fenton; District No. 2- C. Maney. TOWN OF ELTON. -W. Chairman of Town — William Alft. District No. 1— W. D. Cavers; District No. 4 — G. H. Shannon; District No. 5 — H. E. Dempster; District No. 6 — Ray Kielczewski. TOWN OF EVERGREEN. Chairman of Town — H. P. Juetten. District No. 1 — M. E. Taylor; District No. 3 — John Thornberry; District No. 4 — Geo. Fraley; District No. 6 — Roland Combs; District No. 7 — Frank Tabor. 74 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. TOWN OF LANGLADE. Chairman of Town — Hugh St. Clair. District No. 1 — Robert Braun; District No. James Orr; District No. 7— Christ Priem; District No. 8 — Grant Gilray. TOWN OF NEVA. Chairman of Town — John Schultz. District No. 2— Frank Chadek; District No. 3— Fred Honzik; District No. 5 — John Behm; District No. 1, Jt. — Ernest Anderson; District No. 3, Jt. — Chas. Rusch. TOWN OF NORWOOD. Chairman of Town — Ernest A. Moss. District No. 1— E. A. Moss; District No. 2— Geo. W. Geurtz; District No. 3 — Walter Lloyd; District No. 4 — Henry Nauman; District No. 5 — Earl Hill; District No. 6 — Norman Koch. TOWN OF PECK. Chairman of Town — William H. Wegner. District No. 1 — John Walker; District No. 3 — John Wegner; District No. 4 — Ludwig Strum; District No. 6 — Chas. Jicha; District No. 5 Jt.— J. A. Barker. TOWN OF POLAR. Chairman of Town — Herman Parsons. District No. 1 — Wm. Schuman — District No. 2 — Henry Lade — District No. 3 — D. A. Mader; District No. 4 — A. Herman; District No. 5 — Sam Reeves; Dis- trict No. 6 — Louis Peters; District No. 7 — J. J. Creech. TOWN OF PRICE. Chairman of Town — Endre Norem. District No. 1 — Fred Hartman; District No. 2 — Chas. Dalton; District No. 3 — Frank Furry; District No. 4 — Richard Moller. TOWN OF ROLLING. Chairman of Town — Gustav Schroeder. District No. 1 — Frank Schroeder; District No. 2 — Chas. Vorass; District No. 3 — J. E. Monroe; District No. 4 — Joseph Modi; District No. 5 — H. A. Carley; District No. 6 — H. P. Wheeler. TOWN OF SUMMIT. Chairman of Town — Alfred Hurlbut. District No. 1 — Robert Cummings; District No. 2 — Conrad Simon; District No. 3 — George King; District No. 4— John Callsen; District No. 1 Con.— J. H. Wick- er. Chairman of South Upham township — Geo. King. TOWN OF UPHAM. Chairman of Town — Wm. Pheister. District No. 1 Con. — F. J. Koszarek; District No. 6 — Emil Person; District No. 7 — Geo. Quick; District No. 2 Jt.— F. M. McKenney. TOWN OF VILAS. Chairman of Town — Geo. Marshall. District No. 1 — Rueben Hess; District No. 2— Frank Kobylinski; District No. 3; Chas. Hubbard; District No. A — John Yopes. LIBERTY LOAN CAMPAIGN. Langlade County responded nobly in the Liberty Loan Campaigns made during America's participation in the World War. The total amount subscribed for in each loan in Langlade County was as follows: First Campaign $138,750.00 Second Campaign $434,300.00 Third Campaign $425,400.00 Fourth Campaign $701,100.00 Fifth Campaign $396,950.00 Total $2,096,500.00 The Liberty Loan drives were directed by J. C. Lewis, Chairman, who served throughout the war. He was assisted by Sam B. Ullman, selected Vice-Chair- man, Attorney A. N. Whiting was Chairman of the Speakers' Bureau. Fred L. Berner was in charge of publicity. The women workers were directed by Mrs. F. V. Watson and Mrs. Howard Bishop. The success of the Liberty Loan drives in Langlade County was due to the energetic activity of the Liberty Loan workers and to the unflinching patriotism of the citizens, who from every walk of life bought bonds, "until it hurt." THE AMERICAN RED CROSS. Langlade County Chapter, American Red Cross was organized May 15, 1917, with the following officers: Chairman — Edward Cody; Secretary — John W. Brown; Vice-Chairman — Sam B. Ullman; Treasurer— W. B. McArthur; Membership — Mrs. T. J. Kavanaugh; Hos- pital Supplies — Mrs. R. Koebke ; Instructions — Miss Elizabeth Cornish; Motor Transportation — C. W. Van Doren; Finance — 0. P. Walch; Executive Committee —Judge T. W. Hogan, S. B. Ullman, Walter Gallon, Fred L. Berner and C. J. Te Selle. A membership campaign was launched and proved successful. This was followed by organization of a Junior branch of the local chapter. Langlade County's Red Cross Chapter reached the high mark of 4,581 members in 1919 and had a war fund totaling $14,602.80. Various methods were tak- en to raise funds for the Red Cross, such as a white elephant sale, church benefits, baseball games, bazaars and membership drives. Antigo young women who served as Red Cross nurses during the World War were: Miss Mable Les- lie, Anna Burnet, Miss Claire E. Censky, Miss Anna B. Honzik, Miss Clara Hull, Miss Paulina Benishek and Miss Mary Kalouner. Valuable local service was performed by Mrs. Wil- liam Knott, Mrs. S. B. Ullman, Mrs. F. V. Watson, Mrs. Fred L. Berner, Mrs. M. S. Hurless, Mrs. E. R. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 75 Krause, Mrs. W. J. Gallon, Mrs. E. A. Morse, Mrs. P. W. Krier, Mrs. R. B. Johns, Miss Margaret Healy, Miss Ethel Tillotson, Miss Lillian Censky, Mrs. R. Koebke, Mrs. Edward Cody, Mrs. T. W. Hogan, Mrs. John Han- ousek, Mrs. A. N. Whiting, Mrs. F. P. Kelly, L. W. Filyes, Chapter Chairman in 1917, A. N. Whiting, Miss Theresa Driscoll, Mrs. T. J. Kavanaugh, all of the rural and city school teachers, Mrs. L. L. Gibbs, Mrs. N. Holmes, Mrs. John HoUey, Mrs. A. H. Anderson, Mrs. James A. Cody, Mrs. Otto Eshbach, Mrs. J. T. Fitzgerald, Mrs. Charles W. Fish, Mrs. Emma Gully, Mrs. E. J. Goodrick, Miss Annette Gleason, Mrs. Mayme O. Glassow, Mrs. W. J. Hammond, Mrs. P. J. Millard, Mrs. A. R. Treat, Miss Ella Kiefer, Mrs. M. H. Keenan, Mrs. H. R. Dawley, Mrs. X. Reese, Erna Bruss, Mrs. Frank P. Ver Bryck, Mrs. L. H. Abendschein, Mrs. John Burnet, Mrs. R. L. Denton, Mrs. N. Granger, Miss Grace Dessureau, Mrs. H. W. Jackson, Mrs. W. S. Jewell, Mrs. G. K. Meneely, Mrs. John Mumme, Miss Lillian McGreer, Mrs. William Rowlinson, Mrs. D. H. Sargent, Mrs. Ella B. Wilson, Mrs. William Dodge, Mrs. John Leykom, Mrs. Jule Libert, Mrs. H. V. Mills, Miss Nellie Christenson, Miss Kathleen Dana, Miss Ethel Gilmore, Miss Jane Weeks, Miss Nora Wirig, Miss Amelia Sabin, Miss Irene Read- er, Miss Willamine Riley, Miss Jessica Riley, Miss Mattie McMillan, Miss Ida Mornson, Mrs. Laura Granger, Miss Catherine Griswold, and Sisters M. Hy- acinth, M. Agnello, M. Alberta, M. Louis and M. Modesta. Officers of the Red Cross have been re-elected an- nually since 1917. The original officers remain in charge of the work. 910 members are listed for 1922 in the local chapter. WOMEN AND THE WAR. The great burden of the war fell upon the women back at home. They labored incessantly while their brothers, husbands, sons and sweethearts crossed the Atlantic and faced the foe on the battlefront. They were helpful in maintaining here in the county the necessary morale, courage and sense of responsibility to keep the home fires burning. The last farewell and the terrible suspense did not leave until November 11, 1919, when the vigil ceased. The women of Lang- lade County played their part at home and in service. Future generations should concede all honor to them. ADOPTING WAR ORPHANS. Fifty-five war orphans were adopted by Langlade County lodges, individuals and societies. The war orphans communicate with their benefactors. Y. M. C. A.— K. of C. Y. M. C. A. work in Langlade County during the World War was in charge of E. H. Palmer. Langlade County subscribed $5,528.28 in 1917 for Y. M. C. A. purposes. William Reese Dixon, Pastor of the Con- gregational Church served with the Y. M. C. A. from February 23, 1918 to July 3, 1918. Langlade County was in District No. 3 of the ten Wisconsin Y. M. C. A. districts. Besides the good work for which the funds were raised Langlade County citizens were educated during the drive about the "Y" and its merits. The Knights of Columbus contributed to the sup- port of all patriotic contributions among which was the K. of C. war activities. Antigo Council No. 1002, K. of C. raised a total of $4,242.22 prior to the United War Work Campaign in the fall of 1918. Their assessment then was $506.00. PUBLIC AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS. The Public and Parochial schools of Langlade Coun- ty demonstrated their loyalty and patriotism to the na- tion during the World War by purchasing Thrift and War Savings Stamps, Liberty Bonds, and in the High School, the classes adopted war orphans. The stirring patriotic songs, the patriotic essays written by the pupils and the student four minute topics on war cam- paigns all aided in maintaining a high morale at home. The school children played their part in the home coming celebrations, patriotic demonstrations and parades. THE AMERICAN LEGION. After the World War the returned soldiers rapidly organized as did the veterans of the Civil War. The American Legion became permanently established in Antigo in October, 1919. The local post took for its name, "Reese Sparks Post," in honor of Reese Sparks, REESE SPARKS The first Langlade County soldier to be killed in action and in whose honor Reese Sparks Post No. 3, .American Legion, was named. the first soldier of Langlade County to be killed in ac- tion in the World War. First officers were Com- mander, Otto F. Berner; Vice-Commander, Ray C. Dempsey; Adjutant, William Wessa; Historian, Harry Zuehlke; Chaplain, George Y. King; and Post Finance Officer, Ben Bradley. Present officers of the post are : Commander — Edgar Van Gorder; Vice-Commander — William Kohl; Adju- tant — E. E. Cherf ; Historian — Ed. Bernier; Chaplain — William Wessa; Post Finance Officer — Fred Kolerus; Executive Committee — Frank Lynde, Otto F. Berner, E. Koles and Harley Schaefer, with Commander, Vice- Commander and Adjutant. Meetings are held at the Adraktas Hall every first Monday of each month. The local post has a membership of about one hundred. 76 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. It takes a prominent part in civic and patriotic affairs of Langlade County. PROSSER POST NO. 11, WORLD WAR VETERANS. The Prosser Post, No. 11, World War Veterans, was organized at a meeting at the Ullman Hall on February 11, 1922. The meeting was presided over by State Commander Rebenstorff, who was introduced by W. H. Fuller. Officers chosen were : President, T. Cher- ek; Vice-President, A. Carlson; Secretary, H. Rich- ards; Treasurer, T. Mentch; Sergeant-at-Arms, Paul Chase. There were ten charter members. WILLIAM PROSSER Veteran of the World War. who was killed near Verdun. France. I'rosser Post, World War Veterans, was named in his memory. Meetings are now held the second and fourth Tues- days at Brunswick Hall. Ten members are now in the auxiliary to the post. The post was named in honor of William J. Prosser, son of Charles Prosser, Antigo, Wis. Prosser, a Wagoner, was killed Novem- ber 24, 1918, by being crushed between two trucks near Verdun, France. BATTERY "A" 120th F. A. Antigo's post war military unit is a part of the 120th Field Artillery, designated as Battery "A." It was organized on May 8, 1920. Frank T. Lynde and Robert Dewey were Captains in succession. They resigned and Otto F. Berner was appointed Captain, resigning in May, 1922. He was succeeded by First Lieutenant E. H. Koles. Other officers are First Lieutenants George Edee and Alvin H. Damm. ROSTER OF BATTERY "A," 120th FIELD ARTIL- LERY, WISCONSIN NATIONAL GUARDS. Captain — Edward H. Koles. 1st Lieutenants — Alvin H. Damm, George Edee. 1st Sergeant — A. B. Arnold. Chief Mechanic — H. Friedeman. Supply Sergeant — K. Moscrip. Stable Sergeant — Dr. A. B. Jorgenson. Sergeants — Ted Dvorak, Robert Lynde, Endre Nor- em, Donald McArthur. Corporals — Julius Guenthner, Earl Juhl, James Maltby, Ronald Moss, Herbert O'Donnell, Charles Wall, Marres Wirig. Buglers — Harold Porter, Earl Tobey. Cooks — Lee Bowens, J. Olson. Saddlers — Frank Van Dyke. Horseshoers — Joseph Fuchs. Mechanics — Ray Ostermeir. Privates, 1st Class — H. Abel, R. Brenner, A. Doug- las, W. Fessenden, Leon Friede, E. Johnson, E. Kava- naugh, F. Lynett, J. Maloney, M. Quade, F. Schlundt, F. Schwartz, A. Stroschan, G. Wells. Privates — Dale Bauter, Jos. Bosacki, F. Bures, B. Chapman, D. Chapman, Earl Day, Aloysius Duquette, Fred Duquette, Francis Finucane, G. Hopkins, W. Hanneman, C. Jenesen, R. Hand- lers, J. Kavanaugh, A. Keen, J. Kielczewski, CAPTAIN EDWARD IL KOLES In command of Battery "A." Langlade County's present Military unit. N. Koss, G. Leonard, A. Lipman, L. Magelund, L. Maltby, H. Maier, H. Merrill, L. Miller, H. Moss, Mer- ritt 01k, Earl Othrow, W. Peterson, F. Rassman, J. Rennert, R. Rynders, F. Schoblaski, W. Strong, Clyde Teske, L. Tradewell, L. Weix, H. Wright. Battery "A" has its headquarters at the Antigo Ar- mory. The horses are stabled in barns at the Lang- lade County fair grounds. MEMORIAL HOSPITAL. At the January, 1922 session of the Langlade County Board, a committee consisting of Supervisors L. A. Maier, J. W. Mattek, and August Goeman was appoint- ed to confer with a general citizens committee on the feasibility of constructing a hospital to be dedicated as a memorial to the soldiers, sailors and marines of HISTORY Of LANGLADE COUNTY. 77 Langlade County, who served in the World War. The citizen's committee consisted of M. T. Canfield, J. R. McQuillan, Edward Cody, R. Koebke, and Mose A. Jansen. The County Board committee reported at the April, 1922 session and presented ways and means whereby the proposed hospital could be erected. A referendum vote will be taken on the proposed hospi- tal in the 1922 November election, this being the wish of most of the members of the County Board. MEMORIAL PARK AT POLAR. On July 4, 1919, a Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Park was dedicated by the citizens of Polar to the memory of the men who served from Langlade County during the World War. \ Addresses were given at the dedicatory celebration by Ray C. Dempsey, Sam B. Ullman and Robert M. Dessureau. Hon. Edward Nordman acted as Chairman. The Memorial Park is at Mueller's Lake, one of the beautiful and pict- uresque spots of northern Wisconsin. The citizens of Polar and their Town Board are credited for the initiative taken in the project. The Town Board pur- chased the property and turned it over for public use as a Soldiers and Sailors memorial. The Reese Sparks Post, American Legion, held their Independence Day Celebration, July 4, 1921, at the Park. The original Park Board in charge of the park project consisted of : Herman Parsons, Herman Bruening, Herman Dallman, Charles Lade, Charles Rusch, John Groth and Richard Bloedorn. LANGLADE COUNTY SOLDIERS WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES FOR THEIR COUNTRY AND FLAG. "Rest on embalmed and sainted dead, Dear as the blood ye gave; No impious footstep here shall tread The herbage of your grave." That posterity may know, the names and a brief record of Langlade County soldiers who gave their lives for their country during war are given here. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. Fred Springstead, son of Mrs. Jane Springstead. He was killed August 1, 1898, before the entrenchments of Cavite, P. I. Private Springstead was the first soldier from Langlade County to die for his country. THE WORLD WAR. MAITLAND WILLIAMS— Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Williams, Antigo, Wis. Private, Aviation section. Enlisted in November, 1917. Born April 13, 1896. Died in discharge of duty while in service of his coun- try. Buried at Antigo, Wis. He was the first of Langlade County's soldiers to die in the World War. REESE SPARKS— Son of Mr. and Mrs. George Sparks, Olive Hill, Ky. Enlisted June, 1917. Private 107th Trench Mortar Battery. Born March 10, 1890. Left U. S. February 17, 1918. Killed in action June 29, 1918, the first Langlade County soldier to be killed in action in the World War. ORA N. TIDD— Son of Mr. and Mrs. Elmer E. Tidd, Neopit, Wis. Born June 29, 1892. Enlisted July 18, 1917. Left U. S. February 17, 1918. Died at Brest, France, March, 1918. He was the first of the soldiers in the 107th Trench Mortar Battery to die. ALFRED J. BRIGGS— Son of Burt Briggs, Antigo, Wis. He was born October 3, 1891. He enlisted July 22, 1918, as a private, 1st Class, in the 343rd Infantry, 86th Division. He died in service overseas, October 7, 1918. He was returned for burial to Antigo, Wis., in 1920. JOHN P. MORGAN— Son of Hamlet D. and Char- lotte Church Morgan, was born in 1897. He served as a private in "G" Co., 110th Infantry. He was killed in action September 27 in the famous Muese-Argonne offensive. JOHN NETZELMAN— Private, 1st Class, the son of Mary Netzelman, Elcho, Wis., was born January 22, 1889. He enlisted in Co. C, 53rd Machine Gun Battalion, July 6, 1918. He died at Camp Trevis Texas, February 8, 1919. ANTON CARLSON— The son of Mr. and Mrs. Gust Carlson, now of Velvet, Washington, was born Septem- ber 27, 1892. He enlisted May 13, 1918, in the 4th Trench Mortar Battery "C," New Port News, N. J. He died October 10, 1918 at New Port News. He was buried at Polar, Wis., October 20, 1918. JOSEPH LEIDHEISL— Son of Sebastian Leidheisl, Deerbrook, Wisconsin, was born September 19, 1889. He enlisted July 22, 1918, serving as a private in Bat- tery E, 36th Field Artillery, 9th Division. He died of pneumonia, January 5, 1919 at Camp McClellan, An- niston, Alabama. NOBLE L. ANDERSON— The son of Mrs. Sam Nelson, Antigo, Wisconsin, was born October 16, 1897. He enlisted April 1, 1919 as a landsman for electrician, 1st Class, Radio School, U. S. Naval Training Station, R. I. He died in service at the U. S. Naval Hospital at Newport, R. I., Sept. 21, 1918. Buried at Antigo, Wis. RALPH KUHL— Son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Kuhl, Parrish, Summit township. Wis., was born May 6, 1894. He left the U. S. in the spring of 1918 as a Wagoner, Headquarters Company, 12th Machine Gun Battalion. He had served previously three years in the cavalry on the Mexican border. He died in a hospital in France, September 20, 1918. JOSEPH ALFT— Son of John Alft, Shawano, Wis- consin, was born October 23, 1897. April 23, 1917, he enlisted in Co. G. 4th Regiment, later the 107th T. M. B. He was killed in the Alsace-Sector by a prema- ture explosion on July 8, 1918. HARRY NEWBERRY— Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Newberry, was born April 13, 1883. He saw service from December 24, 1906 to November 17, 1918. He was a Chief Gunner's Mate four years before his death, December 11, 1918 at St. Elizabeth Hospital. 78 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. PETER GALUSKI— Son of John Galuski, Antigo, Wis., was born December 29, 1891. He enlisted May 25, 1918, serving as a private in Veterinary Hospital No. 9. He left for overseas, July 25, 1918. He died at St. Nazairre, France, August 30, 1918. LELAND A. TOLLEFSON— Son of Mrs. A. M. Tollefson, was born May 30, 1894. He enlisted April 21, 1917, serving as a Corporal in the 107th Trench Mortar Battery. He was killed while delivering a message to Brigade Headquarters in the Chateau- Thierry Sector. August 17, 1918. BRADLEY HALL— Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Hall, Antigo township, was born August 25, 1895. He en- listed as a private in the 2nd Casual Co., A. S. S. C, Vancouver Barracks, Vancouver, Washington, Febru- ary 19, 1918. He died April 8, 1918. He was buried at Antigo. Wis., April 15, 1918. DONALD WHITE— Son of Mrs. Emma White, of Manitowoc, formerly of Antigo, Wis. Served as a Lieutenant. He was killed in action November 1, 1918, in the noted Argonne Forest fighting. ROY F. HECKER— The son of Mr. and Mrs. J. Hecker, was born October 6, 1895. He served as a private, 1st class, Co. M., 356th Infantry, 89th Di- vision, enlisting April 26, 1918. Participated in the St. Mihiel and Argonne Forest drives. Was wound- ed with shrapnel October 1, 1918. Died February 16, 1919 at Hospital No. 11, St. Nazairre, France. Re- turned to Langlade County in 1920 for burial. ANTON PRASALOWICZ^Son of Joseph Prasa- lowicz. Antigo, Wis., was born in January, 1891. He enlisted as a Private in Co. C, 361st Infantry, 90th Division. He left the U. S. May 22, 1918, participat- ing in the Alsace Sector, St. Mihiel and Muese-Ar- gonne sections of fighting. He was killed in action October 6, 1918, in the Argonne. GEORGE CROWE— Son of Mr. and Mrs. Michael F. Crowe, Antigo, Wis., was born May 27, 1885. He enlisted in October, 1917. He served in the M. C, Medical Detachment, 81st Field Artillery. Was 2nd Lieutenant, when he died October 30, 1918 at Camp Mills. Body returned for burial to Antigo, Wis. ALEXANDER SKIBBA— Son of John Skibba, Junc- tion City, Wis., was born January 8, 1889. He enlisted April 21, 1917, serving as a Corporal in the 107th T. M. B. He participated in the Alsace Defensive, Chateau-Thierry, Juvigny, and Meuse Argonne Offen- sives. He died of pneumonia March, 1919, in a hos- pital at Angers, France. LEWIS M. WEED— Died while overseas. JULIUS LEO JORDON— Son of Mr. and Mrs. Louis Jordon, Antigo, Wis., was born April 10, 1890. He enlisted July 22, 1918. At the time of his death at Cleveland, Ohio, October 15, 1918, he was a gas in- spector, attached to the Chemical Warfare service. FRANK TOUSCH— Son of William Tousch. was born May 17, 1896. He enlisted outset of war, serv- ing as a Corporal, Headquarters Co., 355th Infantry, 89th Division. He served overseas and saw service in the St. Mihiel, Argonne and Vosges defenses. He was wounded October 22, 1918 in the Argonne Woods. Five days later, October 27th, 1918, he died. ED. BOERNER— Son of Mr. and Mrs. Boerner, en- listed November 27, 1917. He served as a Private in the 128th Hdq. Infantry, 32nd Division. He was kill- ed in action October 23, 1918, in the Argonne Forest. His remains were returned to America and were interr- ed in the Arlington National Cemetery. He was one of two Wisconsin heroes to be thus honored in death. PAUL J. MARMES— Son of Mr. and Mrs. Peter Marmes, Antigo, Wis., was born February 20, 1892. Enlisted April 30, 1917, Private, Co. G.. 26th U. S. In- fantry, 1st Division. Left U. S. February, 1918. Killed in action, July 19, 1918, Soissons offensive. His honorable record of service is preserved in the archives of the A. E. F., signed by General Pershing. LEON PRESTON— Was born February 25, 1895. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Sam Preston, Pearson, Wis. En- listed July 22, 1918, Private, Co. H.. 343rd Infantry, 86th Division. Left the U. S. September, 1918. Died of pneumonia, October 7, 1918, at Bordeaux, France. WILLIAM F. GRIMM— Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. Grimm, Antigo, Wis., was born February 27, 1890. Private, enlisted as Machinist at Chicago, transferred to S. T. C. Carnegie Institute of Music. Enlisted July 15, 1918. Died of pneumonia October 14, 1918 at Pittsburg, Pa. Buried at Antigo, Wis. LEWIS SCHRAML— Born December 4, 1892. Son of John Schraml, Antigo, Wis. Enlisted July 19, 1918, as Cook, 6th Co., M. G. Co., Tr. Bn., Group No. 1. Died November 26, 1918 at Camp Hancock, Ga. THEODORE MONNOT— Son of Julius Monnot, was born at Pearson, Wis., February 3, 1897. Enlisted Private Med. Replac. Unit No. 63, Aug. 26, 1918. Left the U. S. Sept. 23, 1918. Died Nov. 18, 1918 at Brest, France. Returned to Antigo for burial, 1920. WILLIAM J. PROSSER— Son of Charles Prosser, Antigo, Wis. Enlisted May 2, 1918. Killed Nov. 24, 1918, being crushed betwen two trucks at Verdun, France. HAROLD J. SARGENT— Son of Mrs. Lily Sar- gent, Antigo, Wis., was born September 25, 1895. He left the U. S. January 10, 1918. He was a 2nd Lieuten- ant, Co. H., 369th Infantry, 93rd Division. Lieutenant Sargent participated in the Ypres and Argonne Forest battles. He was killed in action September 28, 1918 in the district of Champagne. He was decorated with the Croix de Guerre by General Retain, French Com- mander-in-Chief. THOMAS BALLARD— Son of Mrs. John Ballard, Elton, Wis., was born August 12, 1895. He enlisted as a Private in the 107th Trench Mortar Battery, 32nd Division. He was killed by a premature explosion in the Alsace Sector, France, July 8, 1918. JOSEPH HELL— Son of Jos. Hell, Antigo, Wis., was born August 10, 1892. He served as a Private in the Veterinary Corps, Hospital No. 9. He left the U. S. June 31, 1918. He died at Base Hospital No. 101, in France, March 19, 1918. His body was return- ed to Antigo for burial. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 79 FRED M. ST. CLAIR— Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. M. St. Clair, Lily, Wis., was born November 25, 1891. He enlisted June 2, 1918, serving as a Private in the 86th Division, 234th Infantry, Co. H. He died of pneu- monia at Bordeaux, France, October 15, 1919. His body was returned to Lily, Wis. PETER POLAR— Son of Mrs. Pat. Monray, Post Lake, Wis. He enlisted in the 46th Co., Machine Gun Bat, Camp Hancock, Georgia. He died in France. Private Polar left the U. S. in September, 1918. JOHN FRANK WENZ— Son of Mr. and Mrs. George Wenz, Watersmeet, Michigan, was born De- cember 15, 1899. He died September 21, 1918, at the Great Lakes Naval Station. He was a 2nd Class Sea- man, U. S. N. R. F. EMIL GLEICH — Son of John Gleich, Deerbrook, Wis. Died in France while in the U. S. service. His body was returned to Neva, Wis., for burial. JOHN J. SCHWARTZ— Son of Mr. and Mrs. J. Schwartz, Antigo, Wis., was born April 28, 1890. He enlisted June 15, 1918, serving as a Private in Battery E, 139th Field Artillery, 38th Division. He died Octo- ber 17, 1918, while crossing the Atlantic Ocean on the U. S. S. Cedric and was buried in Everton Cemetery, England, November 4, 1918, with full military honors. Private Schwartz left the U. S. October 5, 1918. DANIEL J. PLZAK— Seaman, 2nd Class, U. S. Navy, U. S. S. Montona, was born May 20, 1896. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel J. Plzak, Deerbrook, Wis. He entered the service May 11, 1917, and made 17 trips to France. He was accidently killed on boat when Hear- ing France on the 17th trip. His body was returned to Antigo, Wis., for burial, 1920. GLENN DeBROUX— Son of Mr. and Mrs. Michael DeBroux, Phlox, Wis., was born February 6, 1895. He enlisted as a Private in Co. G., 343rd U. S. Infantry. He left the U. S. September 8, 1918. He died Oct. 2, 1918 at Bordeaux, France. FRED INGALLS— Private Co. F., 344th Infantry, 89th Division, enlisted July 22, 1918. He was born September 10, 1895, the son of Frank Ingalls, Elm- hurst, Wis. He was reported missing in action after taking part in the St. Mihiel and the Argonne Forest combats. THOMAS INGALLS— Another son of Frank In- galls, Elmhurst, Wis., was born June 15, 1894. He enlisted July 22, 1918. He was in the same unit as his brother, Fred, Co. F., 344th Infantry, 89th Di- vision. He participated in the St. Mihiel and Ar- gonne Forest battles. He was killed while fighting in the Argonne Forest, November 2, 1918. HONOR ROLL WORLD WAR VETERANS, LANGLADE COUNTY.^ George Ackerman, Paul F. Adamski, William W. Adget, Raymond J. Adget, Ernest Adraktas, Anton H. Abler, Fred W. Albright, Joseph Alft, Harry L. Aller- ton, Arthur E. Altmann, Noble L. Anderson, Wm. Le Roy Andrews, Stanley Anthony, Ed. Antoniewicz, Al- bert B. Arnold, Chester A. Arrowwood, Frank Bahr, Jos. Bahr, Jr., Ralston Fitch Baker, Silas L. Baird, Thomas Ballard, John Baraniak, Edward D. Bardwell, George J. Basl, Oscar Bauknecht, Lewis Bauman, Georg A. Bates, William Baxter, Edward L. Beckman, Arnold F. Beirsdorf, C. S. Beard, Otto Behm, William Behm, Howard F. Beldin, Frank Belott, Edwin Louis Bemis, Erwin Bendey, Julius Bergman, Otto F. Berner, Ralph H. Berner, Williard J. Bernier, Edward I. Ber- nier, Bernard A. Biersdorf, James Blaha, Edward Bla- ha, Andrew Blaha, Edward Blahnik, Jos. Blahnik, John C. Blahnik, E. L. Blodgett, Edward Blodgett, Warren Blodgett, Arthur A. Bloedorn, Ed. Boerner, Edwin PRIV.\TE EDWARD BOERNER Langlade County soldier killed in the World War^ whose remains were buried in the Arlington National Ceme- tery, with high military honors. Private Boerner was one of two Wisconsin heroes thus honored. Boettcher, Charles Bohlman, Harry Bohse, Harold T. Boll, Elmer R. Boll, Richard A. Boll, Charles H. Bon- nell, William Bonnell, Daniel Borneman, John Borow- cyzk, David J. Borth, Geo. G. Bowen, Leo M. Bowens, Benjamin Bradley, Arthur W. Brandner, Orlin G. Brandow, Herman K. Brandt, George P. Bremer, Charles Bremer, Clarence Bretl, Alfred J. Briggs, Arthur Brittenham, Robert S. Brown, William Henry Brown, P. J. Brown, George Erwin Brown, Edgar Brown, George Brunette, Willard R. Brush, Lann Bry- ant, Vernon Buck, John L. Budzenski, George E. Buer- ger, John F. Burkhart, Gilbert W. Burnet, George C. Calkins, Anton Carlson, Edward Calkins, Ray L. Carpenter, Fred Kolerus, Archie B. Carpenter, Curtis Carpenter, Harley M. Cary, Howard Case, Claire E. Censky, George W. Censky, Chester Censky, Jos. F. Chadek, Frank Cherek, Emil E. Cherf, Leo. F. Ches- lak, Oscar Christenson, Lawrence Christenson, Ralph L. Clark, Benjamine Clark, Benjamin H. Clark, Em- met V. Cleary, Raymond Walter Cleary, Raymond Clegg, Harold E. Clough, Henry Cornelius, John Cor- 1. This list is incomplete. Both U. S. Senators R. M. La Follete and I. L. Lenroot, as well as Adjutant General Orlando Holway, de- clare that due to failure of Congress to appropriate money to give the War Department an opportunity to complete this data for each state, it has been neglected. 80 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. nelius, Jr., Neil Crowe, George Crowe, George F. Crummey, Wallace Curran, John Julius Danberg, Wal- ter P. Dallman, Arthur C. Dallman, Fred Dallman, Daniel A. Dallman, Lyle A. Dalton, Frank Peter Damos, Elmer Davenport, Paul H. Dawley, Ernest Dawley, Arthur M. Day, Leo T. Day, Glenn De Broux, Wilbert J. De Broux, Lewis J. De Broux, Ralph Dem- low, Ray C. Dempsey, John Demske, Bruno Demske, Leo Des Jarlais, Alvin Devore, Robert C. Dewey, Harold J. Dewey, Ed W. Dexter, Bery Y. Diercks, Noe Everett Dillman, Hermis F. Dionne, Albert Dobbs, Alexander H. Dobbs, Harold Donohue, Arthur L. Doolitde, Andrew Drabek, William J. Drake, Bur- ton A. Drake, Harry Dresser, Roy E. Drew, John A. Driscoll, Vincent Drzewiecki, Carl 0. Duchac, Frank Duchac, Joseph V. Duchac, Arleigh L. Dudley, Arthur F. Duernberger, Floyd T. Duncan, Frank J. Dvorak, Irving James Eckles, Wellington Edee, George C. Edee, Edward E. Edick, William Jackson Edick, Hirman G. Edwards, Henry W. Edwards, Charles Elam, John Engels, Leo Ensle, Louis O. Evenson, George Falkenhagen, Walter Falkenhagen, James Far- rand, Charles F. Fell, Joseph B. Feil, Lester F. Feller, Claude Fenton, Frank D. Fierst, Paul P. Figel, Anton Figel, Chester Filyes, Stanley S. Filyes, Ernest Fin- ger, Ira D. Finley, Frank C. Fischer, D. D. Fish, Glenn H. Fish, Lloyd Fitzgerald, Joseph Fleischman, George Fleischman, Frank Fleischman, Richard Fleischman, Evert Fouch, Edward W. Franzke, Joseph R. Frederick, Vernon H. Freiburger, Edward Friebel, Charles Frimark, Floyd Frink, C. O. Fuller, Edward F. Fultz, Charles G. Furlott, Clarence F. Fuszard, — Galarowicz, Brascue Gallion, Claude Gallion, Peter Galupski, James E. Garvey, Charles Gerhke, Guy Gerhke, Ralph M. Getchell, Frank J. Guertz. James P. Gillis, John D. Gillis, Joseph E. Gillis, Emil Gleich, Paul J. Glugla, Frank J. Glugla, Leo J. Glugla, Harvey E. Goebel, Winfred Goeman, Roy Goodwill, Charles T. Gorham, Marton Gossen, Fred W. C. Grabowsky, Walter Grabowsky, Joseph J. Grail, Dan Grant, Eln^er Graves, Neal Gray, Orville C. Green, Harry Roy Green, Erving C. Green, Harry Greenberg, William Grigson, William F. Grimm, Frank Grossman, Leo F. Guenthner, Melvin E. Gurnee, George W. Hafemeis- ter, Erwin Haferbecker, Andrew M. Halminak, Brad- ley Hall, Wensel F. Hallada, Richard J. Hansen, Wil- liam Harbeck, Henry C. Harp, Guy Hartman, Daniel D. Hayes, Thomas Hayes, Lewis Tillman Haynei, Dan Healy, Roy F. Hecker, Elmer Hecker, Roy B. Heckert, Joseph L. Helmbrecht, Joseph Hell, Leo. J. Heller, Charles Anton Herold, Francis A. Hersant, Joseph J. Hersant, Clarence F. Heyse, John F. Hew itt, Ira R. Hicks, Frederick C. Higgins, Arthur A. Hoff- man, Carl Hoffman, Floyd Hoffman, James A. Hoff- man, Frank Hoffman, Bernard R. Hogan, Herman F. Hohensee, Albert Hohensee, Gustave Hohensee, Ar- thur R. Hoke, Anna B. Honzik, Fayette M. Hopkins, Arnold Hoppe, Gust Hoppe, William Hoppe, Clar- ence Horn, William Hoppe, Charles W. Hotchkiss, William Howard, Floyd Huggins, William Robert Hughes, Richard A, Hugunin, James B. Hunter, By- ron Hunter, Earl W. Huntoon, Myron E. Hurlbut, Fran- cis X. Hurley, Lawrence Huybers, Hubert William Huybers, Edwin S. Iceberg, Thomas Ingalls, Fred In- galls, Edward Ingalls, Porter Ingram, Charles 0. Irish, Oscar L. Isberg, Russel Jacobs, Edmund Jagla, Claude James, Reuel R. Jamieson, Guy E. Janes, Harry F. Jewell, M. F. Jewell, George A. Jicha, James B. Jilek, Alois Jirovec, Palmer Johnson, Roy Johnson, Dewey Johnson, Roy O. Joles, Howard M. Jones, Julius Leo Jordan, Thomas Louis Jordan, John A. Jordan, Steve S. Jordan, Frederick B. Joyce, Edward P. Joyce, Henry J. Juetten, Lawrence Juetten, John P. Juetten, Joseph L. Kakes, Richard R. Kaplanek, Joseph Kaplanek, Leo Karniewski, Elmer John Kaufman, Frank R. Kaven, William M. Keelan, Bernard J. Keelan, Frank H. Keen, Louis F. Keen, Harry J. Kelly, John D. Kelly, Otto Kelnhofer, Horace B. Kellogg, Thomas B. Kellogg, Eugene Ogden Kiefer, Sidney Kindle, William Kirker, William A. Kitt, Harry Klaves, Fred Klechwitz, An- drew Kielhofer, Charles E. Klever, D. E. Klever, Al- vin C. Klever, Elmer Kloida, Karl E. Kluge, Frank J. Kneiszel, Russell Stanley Knight, Ernest L. Knoke, William Morgan Knott, Leonard Koch, Wiley Koel- zer, R. P. Koenig, Aurel Koepenick, William H. Kohl, Michael Kohler, George Kolerus, Edward H. Koles, Walter Kozarek, George A. Kotchi, Frank J. Koutnik, Raymond J. Krall, Harry Krall, Harold C. Krall, Emil T. Krall, Allen J. Kramer, John J. Kramer, Rudolph L. Kramer, Charles J. Kramer, Robert Krueger, Rhine- hart Krueger, Frank W. Kubiacyzk, Ralph Kuhl, Her- man Kunza, Emil Kupper, Ray M. La Belle, Vernon La Belle, Walter H. Lange, Raymond C. Lang, Ernest J. Lang, Ephraim Langlois, John L. Laughlin, Harvey Lawrence, Joseph Leidheisl, John Leidheisl, Charles L. Leidheisl, Joseph Leindecker, James W. Leindeck- er, Robert W. Leslie, Cyril D. Leslie, Roy J. Leutsker, Hugh L. Lewis, Sumner C. Leykom, Eric M. Linden, Roy D. Lindsay, Francis S. Lingle, Henry T. Lins- dau, Erwin Loche, William Dell Lord, Leonard Lyon, Frank T. Lynde, Jack Lytton, Arthur Mader, Clar- ence A. Mader, Irwin P. Maloney, Gordon C. Maloney, John B. Maltby, Amos Maltby, James Maly, Everette Maney, Roscoe Manning, Frank R. Manthey, Albert S. Marciniak, Jr., Joseph W. Maresch, Paul J. Marmes, Peter Marmes, George E. Martin, Richard H. Mar- tiny, Robert E. Mattmiller, Louis J. Maybee, Bert Mayerl, Neil McArthur, Charles W. McArthur, George A. McArthur, Vivian Harold McCandless, Terrence A. McCann, Caleb R. McDonald, Charles R. McFar- lane, John N. McKenna, Harry T. McKinney, A. R. McMaster, William E. McNamara, Merton J. Mc- Namara, William McNutt, Charles X. McNutt, Donald A. McPhail, Archie L. McPhail, T. H. Meinert, Wil- liam H. Melchert, Carl J. Memminger, Edwin Menting, William J. Menting, Roy F. Messinger, Thomas Me- taxas, Pete Michaels, Ray Mikkelson, Paul V. Millard, O. A. Miller, Bernard E. Miller, Perie J. Miller, Hiram J. Miner, William J. Mitchell, Theodore Monnot, Reu- ben Monroe, Carl Monroe, Frank William Montabon, John P. Morgan, W. L. Morris, John F. Morrissey, Gerald D. Morrissey, Clarence C. Morse, Douglas HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 81 Morson, Theron D. Morson, Terrill Fredrick Morson, Fred Moss, Kenyon Moyer, James Mucha, Anson Mueller, George W. Mulhern, Frank Muraski, John Muraski, Walter Muraski, Edwin R. F. Murphy, Har- old R. Murphy, M. J. Murphy, Oscar D. Murphy, George C. Naumann, Roy E. Nelson, Hugh B. Nelson, Shirley Nelson, John Netzelman, William Netzelman, Harry Newberry, William Nightingale, Arthur Nonne- macher, Elways Nonnomacher, Charles A. Norem, Harold E. Norem, Mathew E. Norem, Godfrey Nor- man, Frank Novak, Alvin E. Novak, W. H. New, Clar- ence Nowotny, Ervin N. Nowotny, Thomas F. O'Brien, Guy F. O'Brien, Frank P. O'Conner, Harold 01k, Ar- thur Oliver Omholt, Rudolph A. Opichka, Frank C. Opichka, Francis Othrow, Frank Pacer, Anton Pacer, Fred L. Packard, Dewey J. Packard, Walter 0. Pack- ard, Harry Page, William E. Page, John Pagel, Wil- liam A. Pagel, Edwin E. Palmer, Dudley Palmer, Noel Lester Parkhill, Walter Parson, John Patnode, Gus- tave E. Patzer, Ray F. Pavlichek, Albert F. Pawlak, Arthur Pennings, Henry J. Pennings, Albert Pennings, Joseph Pennings, John Pennings, Luther Pennington, Clarence Perrott, Mathew Person, Frank B. Pesl, Frank Peterlick, W. J. Peters, Leo Peters, Roy C. Peters, Arthur G. Peters, Edward Peters, Eric Peter- son, Joseph Peterson, Paul Peterson, John Petrowski, Alex Petrowski, Paul F. Fetters, Albert Petzoldt, Ar- chie M. Piper, James Plotz, Daniel J. Plzak, Peter Polar, Ralph H. Polar, Fred Poss, Rusk P. Potter, Frank Pozak, Anton Prasalowicz, Leon Preston, Ches- ter C. Preston, Clarence Price, Charles W. Price, Richard Priem, W. J. Prosser, Charles B. Prosser, James L Prosser, Marvin Prosser, V. J. Quigley, James Ralph, Walter Ralph, Will M. Rath. George P. Rath, Joseph Rath, John H. Rath, Thomas E. Rath, Adrian Reynolds, Henry T. Raymark, John Raymark, William M. Raymark, John Reader, George Reader, Merritt Reader, John E. Reeves, Walter Earl Reeves, Morris E. Reif, Wallies E. Remington, Willis V. Remington, Edward Remington, Roy Remington, Hiram W. Ren- fro, Wensel Rettinger, Roy H. Rezek, Anton 0. Rez- nichek, Amos Rice, William L Rice, William Rief, Royal Riek, A. J. Robinson, Leonard Rolo, Abner J. Rolo, Arthur J. Romeis, Elmer Romeis, Monroe M. Ross, Peter Rouman, Walter S. Rowlinson, Robert Rusch, Patrick A. Ryan, Francis Ryan, Francis A. Rynders, Alvin A. Sage, J. F. Sajtar, Harold J. Sar- gent, Lawrence Sargent, J. J. Sazama, Frank G. Schleinz, N. D. Schleis, Frank Schleis, George W. Schmitz, Frank Schoblasky, W. J. Schoenfeldt, Peter Schramke, Lewis Schraml, Floyd E. Schroeder, Tony Schuh, Earl E. Schultz, Arthur Schuman, Frank A. Schumitsch, Edward J. Schumitsch, Robert Schuster, John R. Schuttee, J. M. Schutts, John J. Schwartz, Frank Schwartz, George Schwentner, J. W. Seis, Er- vin Seipba, L. J. Seller, Harry Mills, Michael E. Sen- senbrenner, John Servi, Wenzel J. Servi, Mike Servi, John Shadick, Harley W. Shafer, Earl Shanks, Edgar Shanks, Archie Shannon, Vernon Shannon, J. J. Shim- eck, Edward Shipek, George Siebert, Walter Siebert, Frank Simmon, Michael Simon, John Skarlupka, Alex Skibba, Frank Skibba, Adolph Skibba, R. A. Skid- more, Mike Skore, Albert Smith, Samuel Smith, John Soman, Harley A. Space, Reese Sparks, John Spearo, George Spencer, Harvey G. Spencer, John F. Spencer, R. W. Spotzel, Alex Spychalla, Leo Spychalla, Robert L. Stanley, Floyd Stark, Fred M. St. Clair, Edward F. Steber, James L. Steele, Lyman A. Steffen, George Steger, William Steinfest, Robert Stanley, Orson Stone, B. Strasser, Frank Strauss, George Strobel, Jr., Adam Strobel, Herman Strube, E. G. Struck, Felix Suick, Paul Swanson, Chester Sweeny, Earl L. Tay- lor, Harold Tenant, John C. Tenant, Walter Ludwig Teske, Rudolph M. Teske, Leo Theisen, Ray Thomp- son, Ora N. Tidd, Leland A. Tollefson, Fred Tomany, R. G. Tourtillotte, Frank Tousch, Adam Trieglaff, James M. Tucher, Grant J. Turney, Jr., Bert M. Tur- ney, Hiram Turney, A. J. Urban, Henry F. Vanderhei, Joseph M. Van Dyke, John Verhaagh, Frank Ver- haagh, Henry L. Verhasselt, Herman Verhasselt, Charles Veselak, Alfred Vogel, John Volkman, Ray- mond Wagner, George C. Wahleitner, Carl L Walk, W. R. Walker, Arthur R. Wall, John L Wall, Bert M. E. Walters, F. J. Walters, John C. Wanninger, How- ard V. Warren, Arthur A. Weber, Elmer Weedman, George Wellner, Frank Weir, Charles T. Weix, Walter A. Weix, Alfred John Weix, E. Welch, John Frank Wenz, William H. Wessa, Donald White, I. A. White, Kurt Weigert, Samuel J. Wierschke, Benson L. Wig- derson, A. J. Wildman, Maitland Williams, Warren Williams, Andrew Williamson, Edward G. Winter, F. D. Winter, Emil Wojan, Frank Wojtasiak, Joseph Wojtasiak, Henry A. Wolhaupt, John J. Wright, Joseph Wurzer, Adolph Wurzer, Julius Wurzer, Rudolph Yon- kee, William N. Yentz, Ervin H. Yentz, J. H. Yentz, Ralph Yentz, Thomas Youngbauer, Anton Zelazoski, George A. Zehner, Charles E. Zehner, Albert J. Zig- linski, Joseph Zima, Jr., Harry Zuehlke, Harry Zwicky, Ira Zwicky. 82 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XVI. Temperance, Prohibition F. A. Deleglise, Radical Prohibitionist— Dry Regime of 1878-1885— The Fight of 1886— "The Blind Pig" — Good Templars Organize — Anti-Saloon League In Langlade County — County Prohibi- tionists in 1885 — B. F. Dorr and Congressman W. T. Price — W. C. T. U. — Antigo Prohibition Club — The Prohibition County Ticket in 1884 — Order of Camels — Moonshine Era Since Vol- stead Act — Breweries — Pioneer Rallies — The Law and Order Plea. Hon. Francis A. Deleglise, radical Prohibitionist, inaugurated the first Prohibition movement in Lang- lade County. Mr. Deleglise was determined that not a drop of liquor should be sold in the village of An- tigo. With this view in mind the first officers were chosen at the first election. The issue was not "repeal the 18th Amendment" or "liberalize the Volstead Act," but was whether the town board should grant retail liquor licenses or not. Antigo, as a village, was offi- cially as dry as the great Sahara. Not until after in- corporation as a city in 1885 was the first sale of liquor made under a municipal license. While Antigo was legally dry it was many times actually wet during the prohibition regime of 1878 to 1885. A blind pig operated on the west bank of the Spring Brook in a log cabin. Another way to de- RLIND PIG SALOON IN ANTIGO Which operated on the banks of Springbrook in iss:!. feat the purpose of local prohibition was explained by James Smolk: "We had a tent where great ex- citement prevailed. Announcement was made that a bear would climb a pole and then dance inside the tent. A small fee was charged. Those who were ad- mitted received a nip o' rye that took away th' glooms." J. C. Lewis tells how the purpose and in- tent of the prohibition law was defeated when a man hid his "likker" in the hollow of an old stump near the M. L. S. & W. depot. Any person desiring a drink would place a dime in a cup in the stump, dip in a pail for a glass of spirits and "go about your business." The proprietor was where he could witness his busi- ness from a distance. Thus the law was unjustly vio- lated then as it is today. Retail liquor licenses were granted in the city until 1886. In the spring election, April 6, 1886, the voters declared for "No license." The anti-liquor forces fought valiantly and honestly and won. The opposition to the temperance folks worked earnestly and fairly and did not give up until the vote was counted. M. M. Ross was chosen Mayor. In the county election of 1886 the Prohibitionists put up a complete ticket. Not a man was elected. The Re- publicans charged the Prohibitionists with splitting their normal vote. While Antigo was dry in 1886 Casino clubs flour- ished. Members in good standing were allowed beer and whisky, by applying at club headquarters. Whisky co'ild also be secured from druggists. This privilege was abused then as it is today. Antigo citizens voted overwhelmingly for license in 1887. From then until the enactment of the Vol- stead Act the city granted license. The question was frequently voted on since 1887, but each time went down to defeat. Many old saloon keepers went out of business when the Volstead Act was passed. The annual municipal license for operating near beer par- lors in Antigo is $100. The Woman's Christian Temperance Society was organized in Antigo in 1883. It became a force in the little community. Years later Friendship Union, W. C. T. U., was reorganized. It is still intact. The Anti-Saloon League, active temperance organ- ization, still fights on. It opposes attempts to liber- alize the Volstead Act. The League was a force in Antigo before Prohibition became law. Its chief pur- pose was to secure restrictive temperance legislation. F. C. Fuller was the leader of the Langlade County prohibitionists in 1885 . The party opposed granting license and sought to defeat anti-prohibitionist can- didates. They had a complete ticket in the county field. Antigo Lodge No. 11, Good Templars, did much in pioneer days to create favorable public sentiment for prohibition. D. S. Olmsted, F. C. Fuller, Gus Lind, and A. B. Hanks were its leaders. November 13, 1883, Rev. Father Cleary, noted Pro- hibition speaker, addressed a large crowd at the coun- ty court house. Father Cleary then organized a branch of the Catholic Total Abstinence Society of America. The first members were: Hon F. A. Deleglise, Mike Hafner, John McGahn, John Hafner, Joseph, John, and Mike Kennedy and Marvin Maloney. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 83 B. F. Dorr was probably a more ardent Prohibition- ist than Hon. F. A. Deleglise. He energetically es- poused the cause of temperance at all times, contri- buting many articles to the press. Responding to a letter from B. F. Dorr, Congressman W. T. Price of Black River Falls said : "The whole fight, Mr. Dorr, is an uphill one. We shall never succeed in destroy- ing the traffic, but we can, and ought to lessen its baneful influence." Almost a half century has pass- ed since then and National Prohibition has become the law of the land. On April 2, 1888, a Prohibition Club was organiz- ed in Antigo. W. R. Brown, state organizer, presided at the first meeting, which initiated 42 members. Of- ficers were: President, R. C. Dresser; Vice President, W. D. Badger; Secretary, Julia Bliss; Treasurer, E. P. Bridgeman. TEMPERANCE TICKET OF 1884. During the Blaine-Cleveland presidential campaign of 1884 Langlade County temperance leaders put the following ticket in the field: Treasurer, B. F. Dorr; Sheriff, John Goodwin; District Attorney, J. H. Tre- ver; County Supt. of Schools, L. K. Strong; County Clerk, George Clithero; Register of Deeds, M. M. Ross; Clerk of Court, F. C. Fuller; Surveyor, G. W. Bliss; Coroner, John F. Saxe. The ticket was some- times referred to as the "Third Party" ticket. J. H. Trever and M. M. Ross, successful nominees, were the only two on the ticket elected. The Langlade County Prohibitionists have always been active at the polls, ever striving to elect men, who were proven leaders and supporters of the tem- prance movement. THE ORDER OF CAMELS. In 1920 the Grand Caravan, Order of Camels, an anti-Prohibition order, sent A. R. Diegle, Grand Sec- retary, of Milwaukee, to Antigo. He installed tem- porary officers of the Antigo Order of Camels. The first and only meeting was held in Skibba Hall. THE MOONSHINE ERA. Much was said before Prohibition relative to the evil environment of a saloon. All of that doubled cannot lessen the pernicious damage that the illicit traffic in moonshine, "sour mash," has accomplished. This home-made product has ruined many men, caus- ed the death of many and has made law breakers out of those who manufacture it. It has brought disgrace and sadness into many a good home. December 24, 1921, three federal Prohibition offi- cers with Deputy Sheriff Harry Morse, went to Elton where Julius and Joseph Wurzer were alleged to have operated a moonshine still. The officers surprised the Wurzer brothers and Luther Pennington in a shack. In the commotion Julius Wurzer was killed. The of- ficers were held on a charge of manslaughter. The case attracted national attention. It is now in the hands of the U. S. Eastern District Federal Court. RESPECT THE LAW. The many temperance organizations mentioned in this chapter have had their influence in not only turn- ing men from the whisky glass, but they have also created a public sentiment in favor of civic virtue, cleanliness and sobriety in living — all of which the saloon did not aid. The temperance cause grew as it was based upon a noble purpose. The traffic that brought distress and degradation to thousands of peo- ple has been legally banished. In this age we need organizations that will uphold law as it exists — men and women with red-blooded Americanism — those who are ready to stand by and defend a law and condemn the citizen who does not. Dissatisfaction with a law can be settled by the elec- torate through the ballot box, not through disrespect and defiance. PIONEER TEMPERANCE RALLIES. March 22, 1883, Theo. D. Kanouse, Appleton, Wis., spoke at the court house. No license advocates held a jubilee. November 13, 1883, Rev. Fr. Cleary, noted Catho- lic Abstinence Leader, spoke at court house. October 15, 1882, Hon. H. H. Woodmance, Prohi- bition candidate for Congress, spoke at court house. October 27, 1890, Hon. B. E. Van Keuren of Osh- kosh. Prohibition candidate for Attorney General, spoke in Antigo. The last speech given by a Prohibition leader be- fore the 18th amendment was made by John Strange of Neenah, ex-Lieut, governor. He spoke in the An- tigo Opera House before a fair sized crowd. THE ANTIGO BREWERY. The Antigo Brewing Company was organized Sep- tember 25, 1896, by Albert Koles, Frank Hanzel, Frank Riendl, Albert Fisch, Thomas Schmitz, John Kestly, William Krier, Joseph Hoffman, Max Hoff- man and A. Jenss. The plant and office were located on south Edison street. Near beer was manufactured for a while after the 18th amendment was passed. THE CITIZENS BREWERY. The Citizens Brewing Company was incorporated September 15, 1899. John Sipek, Wencel Sipek, Frank Boyanowski, and Frank Cherf were the incor- porators. John Benishek was one of the active men in this industry also. Articles of incorporation were amended June 6, 1907, and the capital stock was increased from $25,000 to $100,000. Chris Wunderlich, deceased, was then president of the concern. May 27, 1913, the name was changed to the Great Northern Manufac- turing Company. The plant was located on Superior street north of the office. The office was at the inter- section of Sixth avenue and Superior street. 84 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XVII. Meteorology Coldest Season — Dryest Season — Warmest Season — Meteoric Phenomena — Weather Observers Cyclones of 1881-1898-1922— Floods— Fires, 1880 to 1922. The Elfreth family, Quakers of Pennsylvania, pre- served a diary indicating the coldest weather since 1790 to be in 1812. The summer of 1816 is the cold- est on record. Killing frosts were prevalent each month. June 16, 1816, a shepherd searched for his sheep in a blinding Vermont snow storm. The most appalling blizzard on record in the United States was in February, 1817. The coldest winter in Langlade County was that of 1917-1918. Winter set in early in November and zero weather prevailed until April. The winter of 1899 was a hard one. Pioneers still living can recall days of biting cold then. Years before, in 1876, the ear- ly settlers on the Wolf River recall the long winter siege when mail carriers found it difficult to make their "stretches" between the stopping places. The coldest day on record in Antigo was February 10, 1899, when the thermometer registered 40 degrees below zero. Woodsmen, trappers, and Indians de- clared it was dangerous to attempt outside work that day. The fall of temperature that day is without pre- cedent in Langlade County. The summer of 1915 is the coldest on record in Langlade County. Potatoes, corn and vegetables were frozen, especially in the lowlands. The sum- mer of 1863 was very cold, but as Langlade Coun- ty had but few settlers then, every one of whom were sturdy prospectors, adventurers and land hunters, lit- tle is known of it. The settlers were : Hi Polar, Dan Gagen, Henry Strauss, Louis Motzfeldt, "Old Dutch Frank," George Gardner, and W. L. Ackley. The winter of 1920-21 was the warmest winter in the county. There was little snow and automobiles ran the year round. Very little ice was cut and a shortage resulted in the summer of 1921. Robins, meadow larks, horned larks and swallows made their appearance unusually early. Farmers be- gan breaking ground in March. The snow was light the entire year, about one foot deep. The hottest summer recorded in Langlade County was that of 1921 when the temperature was 95.7 de- grees Fahrenheit. The longest drouth probably occurred in 1862. However, official records show the year 1894 as the dryest for Langlade County. The spring of 1894 was "early" and the summer was very hot. There was a severe drouth in 1856, but as the county had but one white settler within its boundary then we learn noth- ing of it. Antigo is situated in what is known as Twin Valley, with Springbrook running in a southeasterly direction and the Eau Claire River four miles west. Spring- brook, while small, has caused considerable damage as a result of overflowing its banks. This is particu- larly true at the dam to the rear of the Neff-Roberts flat on Fifth avenue, where in the summer of 1921 many families were forced from their homes by the rapid rise of the little brook. For many spring seasons, not including 1922, but more notably the spring of 1913, many portions of Antigo were inundated when storm sewers were un- able to carry off flood waters. Minola street, a part of the Third ward. Fourth ward, and the north part of the city were affected. It was not uncommon to visit a neighbor by boat in the regions flooded. Resi- dences were isolated. Often the fire department was enlisted into service to aid the beleaguered residents. Rainfall was no greater during these years than nor- mal. Floods are sure to occur even where storm sew- ers, tiling, and ditching has been installed to facili- tate in the discharge of water. W. P. Stewart, meteorologist, in charge of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture weather bureau at Milwaukee, in response to a series of questions regarding the cli- matological history of Antigo, says: "With reference to your inquiries regarding the sta- tion at Antigo : 1 — The Weather Bureau does not maintain an office at Antigo, but we have had an observer there since May, 1894, who has kept a record for us of the tem- perature, rainfall, and weather conditions. Our first cooperative observer at Antigo was Mr. John McGreer. Mr. E. C. Larzelere, our present observer, has kept records there since May, 1905. 2 — The average annual rainfall for Antigo is 30.02 inches. 3 — The greatest 24-hour rainfall, 3.70 in., July 23, 1912. 4 — The wettest year, 37.94 in., in 1919. 5 — The mean annual temperature, coldest year, 38.7, 1917. 6 — The mean annual temperature for the warmest year, 45.7, 1921. 7 — The warmest day on record, 100 degrees, July 2. 1911. Respectfully, Signed : W. P. STEWART, Meteorologist. March 22, 1922." In 1883, L. W. Bliss was an unofficial weather ob- server in Antigo. The winter of 1922, when in Febru- ary one of the worst snow storms and blizzards tied up traffic for many days, will long be remembered. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 85 It was the worst tie-up in the history of the Ashland Division, C. & N. W. Ry. THE CYCLONE OF 1881. In September, 1881, a cyclone struck the south- eastern part of the county and severe damage result- ed. Trees were uprooted in the village of Antigo. The G. W. Latta residence was damaged. No lives were lost. THE DESTRUCTIVE CYCLONE OF 1898. At 7 o'clock Wednesday evening, May 18, 1898, a cyclone struck the northwestern part of Antigo, caus- ing the loss of three lives and approximately $35,000 worth of damage to property. Those killed were Frank Billings, who had a box car thrown against him; Goldie Sheldon, 7-year-old daughter of Homer Shel- house and contents damaged, I. E. Buckman, A. Goldberg, G. Parker, Will Botrell, Dr. H. V. Mills, Mrs. Harris, P. J. Millard, C. O. Marsh, W. Kenyon, Allan Taylor, Al Billings, L. K. Strong, H. C. Mumphrey, J. H. Trever, Ralph Briggs, Joseph Bainiaj, Bruno Krowlinski, Alex McMillan, Ed Gra- bowsky, Wm. Heckman, Edward Boettcher, Frank Valnets, Mike and Frank Lynski, Joseph Hoffman, August Reige, Joseph Holle, Mrs. Hayes, A. Kolte, J. A. Weaver, T. Bradnock, August Frieburger, and H. Ward all suffered either residence, barn, or house- hold damages, some both household and residence damages. The Chicago & Northwestern Railway suf- fered considerably also. Many farmhouses, barns, and sheds were destroyed in the eastern part of the county. Trees were up- rooted and broken off and forests were laid low. The path of the cyclone was small, but very destructive. THE PATH OF THE CYCLONE OF MAY 18, 1898. The street shown is Martin Avenue looking from the C. & N. W. railroad track. The ruins in the foreground at the left shows what the cyclone did to the Whitney residence. The Conway residence, corner of Martin Avenue and Clermont Street is shown at the left also. It was badly damaged. Just north of it the residence of Dr. Fetters was located. It was also badl}' damaged. The residence of H. B. Kellogg can be seen in the center of the picture. The windows were broken and this residence suffered slight damages otherwise. John E. Martin, then District Attorney, lived on Martin Avenue. The ruins of his residence are in the rear to the right of the picture. If one looks close, the small space from out of which the Alartin family crawled can be seen. Timbers prevented the roof from crushing them. There were other sections of Antigo where the cyclone did equally serious damage. don, and Ignatz Barr, struck while standing in front of the F. Ringsmith residence. Seriously injured were: Mrs. Alex McMillan and daughter, Mamie, Mrs. J. Kolte, Mrs. Martin Lynski, Dr. Frank I. Drake, Mrs. Francis Kaplanek, and Mrs. H. H. Ward. Property damage was as follows: Electric light plant, water works power house, Isaac Cople residence, John E. Martin residence, and E. Houck residence demol- ished, household goods of Frank Newberry damaged, L. C. Bemis residence damaged, F. Ringsmith resi- dence demolished. Homer Sheldon household goods damaged, Mrs. A. Tollefson residence and household goods damaged, Joseph Steidle, two houes damaged, Gus Urbank household goods damaged, L. Frederick- son house demolished, Horace Kellogg house damag- ed, W. Putnam residence damaged, Henry Feindeisen house moved off foundation, C. H. Fetters residence damaged, A. C. Conway, W. Whitney, Olaf Gold- strand, and C. Hungerford residences damag- ed or they were demolished. George Bemis Mayor Dailey immediately issued a proclamation calling upon the Antigo citizens to aid the suffering and homeless. A Citizens' Relief Committee was ap- pointed. The Jones Lumber Company of Elcho donat- ed $50 for relief. Food, clothing and financial aid was distributed fast. The city council appropriated $1,000 for relief purposes and offers for assistance came pouring in from every section to the sorrowing and stricken community. Never before or since has Lang- lade County witnessed such a holocaust. THE TORNADO OF JUNE 16, 1922. At 2.20 p. m. Friday afternoon, June 16, 1922, a destructive tornado entered Langlade County from the southeast corner, causing thousands of dollars of dam- age, endangering the lives of scores of people and creating havoc that will be discussed by generations to come. The path was almost the same as that of the tornado of May 18, 1898. In fact the basement of a house (just opposite the John Bahr, Jr., farm) is 86 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. but a few feet from where the tornado did much of its destruction. The George Wachal farm lost heavy. Two barns, a granary, a machine shed and minor buildings were des- troyed. The estimated loss was $10,000. Felix Adamski had a barn, valued at $5,000 des- troyed. His silo, the windows of his residence and many shade trees were destroyed. The farm of Charles Kloida was a heavy sufferer. The great barns, machinery sheds, silo and other build- ings, implements and other property were destroyed. The residence of Mr. Kloida was also badly damaged. The family went into the basement just before the storm approached. The brick veneer residence, the barn, silo and ma- chinery buildings of Anton Zima were levelled to the ground. Mr. and Mrs. Zima were in Antigo shopping when the storm came up. zens. Homes and business properties were laid low. A strong southwest wind swept the city during the day. The fire department was called twice to extin- guish a fire in a swamp along the Weed mill spur track. The volunteers were unable to cope with the second fire as it gained considerable headway. Weed's saw and planing mills were ignited. Burning cinders and shingles were blown through the air and landed on other buildings. Dwelling houses were destroyed, one after another. Many families managed to save their household contents, however. Losses were sus- tained by the following: J. H. Weed's mill— $20,000 to $30,000. Residences destroyed with losses rang- ing from $200 to $3,000 were those of : A. W. Cook, James Weaver, 0. H. Williams, Rufus Payne, Mrs. L. E. McCorckle, Fred Able, Jule Grant, Wm. Oldenburg, Fred McBain, Caleb Morse, E. D. Davis, T. H. Ward, Mike and Jos. Servi, L. Berner, Max Kalouner, Mar- W RECKED i-AR.M HU.ME OF AXTOX ZIMA On Highway (54, a short distance from Fifth .-Xveiiue, .\ntigo. Wis. This was one of the four farms completely or partially destroyed by the tornado, June K!, 1022. The granary and the barn of John Bahr, Jr., suffered heavily. The roof of the granary was torn away. Barn doors were torn from their hinges. Live stock belonging to Charles Kloida, Joe Herman, Joe Koudelka, Charles Kloida and Anton Zima was either killed or injured. Telephone poles in the path of the tornado were pulled from the ground for a distance of about one- half a mile. The tract of maple owned by John Bahr, Jr., was torn to splinters. Many Antigo people watched the white "twister" as it approached. None realized that it was but a mile from Fifth Avenue, Antigo's main street. The scene of the tornado was visited by thousands of people who drove through the muddy roads in the rain. It was an incident in the history of Langlade County that will be talked of for many years to come. THE WORST FIRE IN ANTIGO HISTORY. The most appalling fire in the history of Antigo oc- curred on the afternoon of May 20, 1893, and losses to the extent of $75,000 were sustained by scores of citi- tln Crash, Mrs. Jos. Grignon, Rube Paint, H. Schuer, A. J. Webley and David Clements, ($2,000 worth of wood, barn and household goods). The Prosser Livery Company lost sleighs, cutters and livery apparatus. Many had just time to flee from their homes. One old lady fled carrying a hen in each hand, all she could save from her premises. Another lady fled with a curtain pole and two pups. Sewing machines, bureaus, organs and choice pieces of furniture were carried into the streets only to be burned to ashes. ANOTHER BIG FIRE. January 5, 1893, a serious fire occurred when the M. Binder saloon, C. B. McDonald store, 0. H. P. AUerton store, I. Silbar store and contents were ruined or com- pletely destroyed. Origin of the fire is unknown. The total estimated loss was approximately $20,000. In October, 1893, the Antigo Manufacturing Company mill was destroyed by fire. OTHER IMPORTANT FIRES. 1880— Twin Valley Inn, M. L. Waite, prop, to ground. burned HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 87 September 5, 1883 — Catholic church, Antigo, total- ly destroyed. June 29, 1885— J. H. Weed's mill fire. Losses to the following: J. H. Weed, S. Bryant, L. Sands & Co., A. Weed, McElwe, Billings & Carney, Methudy & Meyers, Paine Lumber Co., P. Weed, H. Hewitt and H. Ried. Total loss— $340,500. October 27, 1886 — Antigo Lumber Company mill million feet of lumber and store building, also C. & N. W. depot burned at Elmhurst. August 1, 1899 — Davis Bros, mill at Bryant burn- ed. Loss $20,000. Re-built. February 2, 1897~John Dailey Mill at Strassburg burned to ground. Loss $12,000. December 14, 1910 — M. Krom building burned. Loss partially covered. SMOULDERING RUINS OF THE ANTIGO HIGH SCHOOL Which was totally destroyed by fire on January (i, lilKi. A week later the walls stood up against the ravages of fire were blasted from their foundation. that burned. Henry Bangs, L. K. Strong and John Mit- chell, owners. Loss about $20,000. May 12, 1887 — J. H. Weed's planing mill, operated by Hoxie & Mellor, burned with a $6,000 loss. December 6, 1891— $53,000 fire in Antigo. L. Strasser, Edward Cleary, Lee Waste, Masonic Lodge and J. A. Ogden, properties burned. July 26, 1894 — Fire started at Crocker Chair Co. yards. Rhinelander fire engine called. Losses to Crocker Chair Co., Thielman Brothers, Herman, Beck- linger & Herman, Marsh Brothers & Chase, Charles Thompson, Hessel & Leykom, Kohl & Tollefson, Henry Smith and O'Donnell's Livery. September 12, 1894 — Wunderlich's lumber yard, 2 April 19, 1916— English Mfg. Co., kiln struck by lightning. Destroyed. Re-built. January 6, 1916 — Antigo High School completely destroyed by fire. August 30, 1922 — Faust Lumber Company Saw Mill totally destroyed by fire. Will rebuild. BRILLIANT METEOR. On March 10, 1905, at about 9.30 p. m., the citizens of Antigo were almost blinded by a very brilliant flash- like illumination of the entire sky. A heavy clap of thunder followed. The cause was a meteor which struck southwest of the city in Rolling township. 88 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XVIII. Agriculture and Dairying The First Farmer — Difficulties and Impediments — Homestead Immigration — Progress — Agricultural Society — First County Fair — Poultry Association — Potato Grower's — Breeder's Associations — Cow Testing — Short Courses — County Agents — Dairying — Patrons of Husbandry. The beginning of agriculture in Langlade County dates back to the year 1853 when the first permanent white settler located within the limits of the county. The first white settler to clear away a space in the forest on which to cultivate a few crops was W. L. Ackley. Mr. Ackley settled on the northeast quarter of section 28, township 31, range 10 east. Here he cultivated potatoes, corn, and other necessary food- stuffs. In the winter months he busied himself in the forest, where both hardwoods and pine prevailed. H. C. Fellows, U. S. Deputy Surveyor, surveyed the region about Ackley's place in August, 1860, and re- ported "good crops on Ackley & Hogarty's farm." Hogarty was never a resident of Langlade County, but was interested in business with Ackley. The vil- Eau Claire banks were many. Here in this primitive wilderness W. L. Ackley lived until his death in 1894. He was well known and respected by all. Agriculture developed slowly between 1860 and 1875. Settlers did not arrive in great numbers in that fifteen year period. A man named Boyington had a farm and logging claim on section 4, township 31, range 10 east, and another settler named Stone had a small farm with a number of buildings on the north- west quarter of the southeast quarter of section 9, township 31, range 10 east, in 1860. Boyington left the country because of the depressed state of the lum- ber market at that time. The first farmers, Ackley, Boyington, and Stone, were followed by others coming into eastern Lang- THE FIRST LOG C.'\BIN ERECTED I.\ L.\XGL.\DE COLXTY. These cabins on the banks of the Eau Claire river, near the junction of the cast and west branches, were built by W. L. Ackley, the first permanent white settler in Langlade County. Mr. Ackley came up the Eau Claire river in a canoe in 1S53 and was in this county at least eight years before "Old Dutch Frank" of the Wolf River country. He cleared the first farm in the county near the site of the once thriving village of Heine- niann. lage of Hogarty, stopping place between Wausau and Antigo territory between 1853 to 1886, was named after him. Mr. Ackley came into Ackley township from Wau- sau following the course of the Eau Claire river up to the forks of the east and west branches, where he settled. He married a Chippewa Indian maiden' and she proved a capable and thrifty housewife. After erecting his cabin and rude shacks he began the nu- cleus of the Ackley trading post. This was at his farm. He traded chiefly with the Indians passing over the trails in western Langlade County as well as river drivers, lumbermen and homestead seekers. The trials and difficulties of this first settler as he pushed back the timber and erected a cabin on the lade County and to Norwood, Antigo and Rolling townships, between 1870 and 1880. Charles Larzelere, driving a span of horses, came down the Military Road from Lac Vieux Desert, bor- der settlement, to the Wolf river country in the win- ter of 1870-71. He settled on his claim on sections 3 and 10, township 31, range 14 east. Mr. Larzelere erected a small dwelling, made a clearing and cultivat- ed crops the following spring. Agriculture still progressed slowly. The great for- ests, where only pine was cut, and the great amount of labor necessary to clear a farm and remove logs and stumpage were the chief obstacles. Poor roads and long distances from trading posts and cities fig- 1, Consult life of W. L. Ackley in biographical section. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 89 ured as principal impediments. Then the farmer did not have the modern equipment of the agriculturist of 1922. Markets were lacking, therefore no incen- tive to produce more than needed for family consump- tion was stimulated. Natural meadows were often found for hay and grasses. The giant forests abounded in game, deer, bear and wild fowl of every description. The streams were filled with fish. When the pioneer farmer and settler desired meats for his table he took his rifle or by use of his traps supplied the family wants with the choic- est meats. The pioneer relied chiefly on his own resources. He could not do otherwise. The housewife aided her husband clear ground and cultivate crops; she knitted his mittens and sox and made his home comfortable and cheerful. As time passed the housewife became the patron of the trading post or village stores of An- tigo, which became a fair settlement in 1881. The farmer began to cultivate hay, timothy, clover and truck products. He became more scientific. Live- stock became more common and a general change from the methods of 1853 to those of 1922 gradually took place. His neighbors became numerous, forests thinned, a greater acreage was tilled and, in short, the farm community became a reality. COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The Langlade County Agricultural Society was or- ganized August 21, 1886, under the laws of Wiscon- sin. A mass meeting of citizens was held at which a committee was selected to draw up a constitution and by-laws, which were adopted. Charles Gowan, prominent farmer, and A. B. Millard, publisher, were elected President and Secretary respectively. The first county fair was held October 4 and 5, 1886, at the old Opera House. W. H. Hoard, later Governor of Wisconsin, was the principal speaker. The success of the first fair created greater interest in the agricultural possibilities of the new county and steps were at once taken to secure permanent grounds for an annual exhibition. The County Board appro- priated $1,500 for which a site of 40 acres was pur- chased. In June, 1887, $1,000 was appropriated by the county for erecting buildings and by October 1, 1887, a fine exhibition building was erected for $1,300. Agriculture exhibitions have been supported since; farmers and citizens generally have taken a keen in- terest in the annual fair and its success is a source of civic pride. The fair is now held three days, usually early in September. Present officers are : Presi- dent, John Bowen; Vice President, A. L. Hayner; Sec- retary, Henry Berner; Treasurer, Leonard Freiburger, Sr. ; Executive Committee, all officers, together with W. H. Wegner, R. S. Healy, Sr., James McKenna and John O'Brien. Officers are elected annually. DAIRYING AND HORTICULTURE. Langlade County is rapidly forging to the front in Wisconsin as a distinctive dairying district. The in- creased demand for milk and butter by the rapidly growing urban population and the large number of cheese factories in the county have created a rivalry and continued development in the industry. James Cherf, Ed H. Marsh and other horticulturists in the county will organize a Langlade County Horti- cultural Society in 1922. The cultivation of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants can be practiced in Langlade County for commercial as well as pleas- ure purposes. BEE KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. The Langlade County Bee Keepers' Association was organized in 1918. Then it was known, however, as the Northwestern association. Reorganization took place January 14, 1921, when the name was changed to the present. Meetings are held annually with inter- vening special sessions. Officers are a President, now James Cherf, who owns a large orchard and farm east on Fifth Avenue, Antigo; Vice President, Otto Kles- sig; Secretary, Mrs. D. A. Blanchard, 825 Langlade Road; Treasurer, Otto Wirth, Rolling township. Board of Directors, D. A. Blanchard, chairman, Her- man Wirth and Joseph Ramer. James Cherf, E. H. Marsh and H. H. Schroeder were active in organiza- tion of the association. COW TESTING ASSOCIATION. The Langlade County Cow Testing Association was active from 1913 to 1918 inclusive. It was reorganiz- ed in January, 1915, by F. G. Swoboda, County Agent. Testing was performed by an expert responsible joint- ly to the local association and the State Dairyman's Association. Eight farmers at Friebel's school. Peck township, and twelve at Elcho weighed their milk regu- larly and made monthly tests. SHORT COURSE FOR BOYS. That the young man might acquaint himself with scientific methods of modern farming, short courses were held in townships and at the court house since 1915. Then three were held — one at Friebel's school. Peck township, attended by twenty-five; one at Phlox, Norwood township, attended by fifty-four, and an- other, a six weeks' course, at the court house, attended by eleven. The course was continued at the court house while the County Agents were retained. They are now conducted under the auspices of the County Normal. THE COUNTY AGENT. The County Agricultural Representative movement, born in Oneida County, Wisconsin, has expanded over the entire nation. Langlade County has had three County Agents. The first, F. G. Swoboda, now Gener- al Manager of the Wisconsin Cheese Federation, com- menced duties in 1913. During his tenure in office, 75 meetings were held the first ten months. In the same time 395 farms were visited, 2,726 letters were written to farmers, 2,113 of- 90 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. fice visits were made by farmers and 41 committee meetings were attended. The pure bred cattle organ- izations, short courses, cow testing association, com- munity fairs, bee keepers' association and potato grow- ers' association, were either organized or developed during his tenure. He resigned in June, 1918. J. J. Garland, Emergency Demonstration Agent, took up the work after the resignation of F. G. Swo- boda. During his regime potato growers were induc- ed to treat seed before planting; membership in the potato growers' association was increased; Dr. Ball, State Entomologist, examined potato fields attacked by leaf hoppers; boys' and girls' clubs were organized in 29 schools; 272 members joined the sheep club; poultry contests were conducted; a land clearing dem- onstration was held in Little Chicago district, sheep raising was encouraged and in 1918, 26 pure bred sires, 5 Guernseys and 12 Holstein breeds were brought into the county through the agent. W. M. Bewick took charge of the County Agency in April, 1918. During his tenure, 3,345 letters were written to farmers, 1,849 conferences were held, 151 days were spent in field work, the township agricul- tural committee system was partially operative, land clearings, live stock improvement, potato inspection, sheep club work, calf clubs, and poultry contests were conducted. Mr. Bewick resigned in November, 1920. POTATO GROWERS. The Langlade County Potato Growers' Association was organized in 1914. The most enthusiastic mem- bers of the unit are: Homer Beattie, J. W. Smith of Kent, famous for his Smith strain of Triumphs, best in the U. S., Peter Krier and C. Sorenson. Local exhi- bits have been conducted, the most important in 1916. The association has not been active in late years. There is no reason why Langlade County should not be the banner potato county. PURE BRED CATTLE ORGANIZATIONS. Langlade County has three pure bred cattle or- ganizations, whose objects are to promote and im- prove the quality of stock possessed by Langlade County farmers. The Langlade County Jersey Breeders' Association was organized in March, 1914, by F. G. Swoboda, County Agent. First officers were: President, Blaine Stewart; Vice President, Harry Lyons; Secretary, P. T. Gillett; Treasurer, Charles Schotte. Present offi- cers are: President, Charles Schotte; Vice President, Harry Lyons; Secretary, John Maichen; Treasurer, A. Oldenburg. The first meeting was held at the court house. Twenty members are now active. The Langlade County Holstein Breeders' Associa- tion was organized by F. G. Swoboda, County Agent, in 1915. First officers were : President, George Wun- derlich; Vice President, Walter Lloyd; Secretary, F. G. Swoboda ; Treasurer, Adam Guenthner. First meet- ings were held at the court house. Business sessions are held in the winter and an annual summer outing and picnic is enjoyed. Present officers are: President, Henry Diercks, Bryant; Vice President, Theodore Miller, Antigo township; Secretary, Clemans Bemis, Rolling township; Treasurer, Adam Guenthner. Thir- ty-five progressive breeders are members of the or- ganization. The Langlade County Guernsey Breeders' Associa- tion was organized in May, 1915. First officers chos- en were : President, Anton FoUstad ; G. Schroeder, Treasurer; F. G. Swoboda, Secretary. Present offi- cers are: President, R. P. Guptil; Secretary-Treasurer, Anton Follstad. Eighteen Guernsey breeders in Lang- lade County are members. POULTRY ASSOCIATION ORGANIZED. The Langlade County Poultry Association was or- ganized by A. B. Goodrick and E. J. Goodrick, Novem- ber 12, 1912. The object of the association is to en- courage and assist breeding and raising pure bred poultry, pigeons and pet stock and the public exhibi- tion thereof. SOIL TESTS ON COUNTY FARMS. Four factors are considered in soil fertility. The crop producing ability of a soil depends upon the amount of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash and acidity there is in the soil. Soil tests have been made by the state soils labora- tory. University of Wisconsin. Field examinations and chemical analysis was made by H. W. Ullsperger and E. J. Graul of the College of Agriculture. Tests were made on the following farms : Carl Follstad, George Moss, Casper Jilek, Walter Heyl, Joseph Guenthner, S. B. Ullman, H. W. McDougall, Earl French, Homer Beattie, D. C. Dewey, Herman Wirth, Prosser Brothers, Charles Johnson, Charles Motts, William Pheister, Head & Jackson, Edward Nordman, B. Berendsen, Moss & Levis, George Grossman, E. S. Tradewell, Albert Kelly and Knight Brothers. 1,842 FARMS IN COUNTY. In 1909, 30,000 acres of land were under cultivation in the county. In 1910, 128,828 acres were such as to be classed as farm lands. Ten years later farm lands increased to 152,683 acres, or an increase of 27.3 per cent. In 1920 there were 5,833 acres of county plow land in pasture. Statistics reveal that in 1920 there were 1,842 farms in the county, 1,776 of which were managed by their owners. Today Langlade County has farms classified as follows : 775 farms between 50 to 99 acres; 368 farms between 100 to 174 acres; 49 farms between 175 to 259 acres; 24 farms between 260 to 499 acres; 4 farms between 500 to 990 acres; 2 farms over 1,000 acres; 7 farms under 3 acres; 34 farms between 3 and 9 acres; 76 farms between 10 and 19 acres and 503 farms between 20 and 49 acres. The average Langlade County farm is 82I2 acres. Contrast the number of farms in the county in 1922 with the year 1881 when there were two-thirds less in- habitants in the county than there are farms today. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 91 Although the entire acreage of Langlade County is far from under cultivation there is not a great amount of waste land. Agriculture is diversified, farmers not being confined to one single crop, therefore they must not rely on the results of one product. 1921 STATISTICS. No. of horses and mules in Langlade County 5,467 No. of neat cattle in Langlade County 19,689 No. of sheep in Langlade County 3,006 No. of swine in Langlade County 3,739 The assessed value per acre of land without im- provements is by townships as follows: Ackley 18.62 Ainsworth 16.32 Antigo 56.99 Elcho 15.35 Elton 19.57 Evergreen 14.64 Langlade , 15.84 Neva 31.87 Norwood 21.32 Peck 15.07 Polar 15.73 Price 15.97 Rolling 26.49 Summit 11.17 Upham 14.77 Vilas 14.91 The first thresher used in Langlade County was bought by Willard L. Ackley, the first settler, in 1883. from the J. C. Lewis Hardware Company of Antigo. PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY. Langlade County, Wisconsin, is one of the most active grange centers in the United States. At the 1922 session of the Wisconsin Granges at Rhineland- er, Oneida County, Wisconsin, Langlade County grange leaders took a prominent part. Edward Utnehmer, Polar Township, member of Po- lar Grange, is State Overseer; Chaplain of the state unit is J. H. Howe of Winner Grange, Antigo town- ship; Gatekeeper of the state unit is Floyd Frederick- son of Antigo, and Fred Swenson of Langlade County is a member of the state executive committee. Pomona Grange, No. 20, Patrons of Husbandry, was organized by State Organizer John F. Wilde. Rhinelander. The Pomona Grange is the parent unit over the subordinate granges in Langlade County. Its purpose is to solidify subordinate granges for mu- tual helpfulness and to discuss such questions of gen- eral benefit tending to educate and elevate the Lang- lade County farmer. First officers of Pomona Grange, No. 20, Langlade County, were: Master, P. T. Gillett; Overseer, A. F. Goodman; Lecturer, George Sloat, Sr.; Steward, Jacob Price; Assistant Steward, Chester Nelson; Lady As- sistant Steward, Jessie Dudley; Chaplain, Mrs. Mal- colm Hutchinson; Treasurer, William Shanks; Trea- surer. J. H. Howe; Gatekeeper, Theodore Kieper; Ceres, Amanda Koch; Pomona, Delia Naumann; Flora, Mrs. J. H. Howe; Trustees, William Hafecker. David Mader and Norman Koch. The present Master is Fred Swenson; H. H. Schroe- der is Overseer; Alex Henry, Treasurer; Mrs. Cora Utnehmer, Secretary; Chaplain, Mrs. Fred Swenson; Lecturer, Mrs. Jess Dudley. Trustees are P. T. Gil- lett, H. H. Schroeder and Otto Hanke. Meetings are held every two months at a designated subordinate grange and occur on the fourth Thursday. AN EXCITING MOMENT IN A MOTORCYCLE RACE AT THE LANGLADE COUNTY FAIR. The Langlade County Fair Association has held races in connection with its annual agricultural exhibitions sitice 1886. The old Antigo Trotting Association was the first organization to use the race track. 92 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XIX. Medicine, Doctors, Chiropractors First Hospital — Writings of Hypocrates — First Autopsy — Medical Associations — Langlade County Doctors — Trials and Tribulations — Drugs and Instruments — Medical Statutes — First and Sec- ond Langlade County Medical Societies — Dental Association — Dentists — School of Chiropractics — List of Physicians — Chiropractors. Before the time of Hypocrates, the healing of the sick or the art of medicine was joined with the mis- sion of Gods and priests. Religion, medicine and the superstition of the people combined into a so-called science of the ancients. The writings of Hypocrates were standard guides for the medical profession for centuries after his death. Galen in 130 A. D., Andrew Vesalius in 1514, William Harvey in 1628, each were epochal medical writers. Edward Jenner, discoverer of vaccination against smallpox. Dr. Morton of Boston in 1846, dis- coverer of anaestheti.x properties of suphuric ether, all of these and others since, have done much to ad- vance medical and surgical science. tez, Spanish conqueror of Mexico. February, 1752, the first hospital was opened in the United States by Drs. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Bond in Phila- delphia. LANGLADE COUNTY HOSPITALS. Antigo and Langlade County are served by two hospitals. The City Hospital, owned by Dr. E. J. Donohue, located at the intersection of First Avenue and Superior Street, and the Antigo Hospital, owned by Drs. G. E. and G. W. Moore, located at 1404 Fifth Avenue. The first Langlade County hospital was a frame THE .WTIGO HOSPITAL Located at 14(14 Fifth .\venue. It was purchased by Dr. G. W. former .Antigo physician on January :!, IHIS. Moore, During the past quarter of a century, particularly during the World War (1914-19) great strides were made in surgery. The first autopsy held in America was upon the re- mains of John Bridge of Roxbury, Massachusetts, who died of "Winde CoUicke," August 20, 1674. The first doctors in the United States were Dr. Thomas Woot- ten of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, Dr. Walter Rus- sell, 1608, and Dr. Lawrence Bohun in 1610. The first hospital in the world was built at Jerusalem by Helena, mother of Constantine, about 350 A. D. The first American hospital was built before 1524 by Cor- structure situated between Milton and Superior Streets where now the Langlade County Normal dormitory is located. It was organized by Dr. I. D. Steffen in 1889. He conducted it for three years. Dr. I. D. Steffen purchased a piece of property in Antigo from Theresa Hirtz, March 11, 1897, and opened the Antigo Hospital. He sold the property to Mayme Boyle in 1917 and she in turn sold it to Dr. G. W. Moore, January 3, 1918. Dr. G. W. Moore has since associated with Dr. G. E. Moore, his fo'mer pri-tner, in conducting the hospital Dr. E. J. Donohue purchased a two story brick struc- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 93 ture from Osca Daskam, June 3, 1911. The proper- ty, located in block 2 of Daskam's subdivision, was converted into the City Hospital. It is in charge of the Misses Agnes and Theresa Donohue. FIRST COUNTY PHYSICIANS. The first Langlade County doctor was Dr. E. Smith, who came to Antigo from Little Suamico, Oconto County. Dr. Smith did not remain long in Antigo. He was immediately followed by Dr. F. J. Despins, who stopped for a time at the Springbrook House. Dr. Smith came here in 1880. Other pioneer doctors were Dr. E. A. Beckel, Dr. G. W. Moody, Dr. G. W. Rem- ington, Dr. J. H. Dawley, Dr. M. J. Lower, Dr. F. J. Doyle, and Dr. Mills, dentist. TRIALS OF EARLY PHYSICIANS. Today we cannot imagine the trials and vicissitudes that confronted the pioneer physician of 1880. Be- fore Langlade County was organized it was necessary remedies. These ordinarily consisted of herbs, barks, liniments, ointments, secured by stage from Shawano or Wausau. The families would "stock up" on such medicine as St. Jacob's Oil, Seller's Cough Syrup, burdock and pleurisy root and other home remedies. The pioneer housewife was always on hand when illness overtook a neighbor or a member of her own family. She usually had a remedy for most any dis- ease and when her remedy failed a doctor was called. His methods were crude compared with modern medi- cal methods, but in justice to the pioneer doctor, he brought relief to as many a patient and exhibited as much resourcefulness and common sense as do the modern physicians. Many of the herbs and medicines of early days did not possess pleasing tastes. "I can taste some of the medicine yet," remarked a pio- neer of 1879. If Drs. E. Smith and F. J. Despins, the first doctors in the county, could come back to earth and witness the wonderful progress made in Antigo and vicinity, THE CITY HOSPITAL, AMTGO, WIS. Purchased from Osca Daskam by Dr. E. J. Donohue on June 3, 1911. This hospital is located at the corner of Superior Street and First Avenue. for settlers to send to Shawano, Wausau or Clinton- ville for a physician. Many a life was in the bal- ance while the doctor, far away, with poor roads, wound his way through the forests, either on horse- back or with his "buckboard" and pony. When calls were made in evenings in later years many a doctor would lose his way in the dark wilderness. Over on the Wolf River, Jeannie Hill, now Mrs. Art Janes, and Mrs. Charles Larzelere, who nursed many a sick per- son, recalled sending to Clintonville for a doctor, who would often be two to three days on the way. DOMESTIC MEDICINES. It is only reasonable to see that because of these conditions so prevalent in New County and Langlade, afterwards, every household was provided with home see the flying machine, the automobile, the roaring 20th century passenger train, the great farm tractors and observe doctors talking with patients miles dis- tant, prescribing treatment by radiophone or tele- phone and giving other medical advice, they would be thunderstruck, so to speak. If they could visit the late meetings of the county Medical Society, hear the papers read and the medical terms created since their day, they would be amazed. Many instruments and necessary appliances could not be secured by early physicians. The pioneer doc- tor acted as nurse, interne, attendant and operator. His hospital was a room in the home of the patient. The X-ray and other electrical apparatus were un- known. Asceptic surgery, as practiced today, was in embryological stages. 94 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. THE FIRST LANGLADE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. The first Langlade County Medical Society was or- ganized April 19. 1897, with the following officers: President, M. E. Williams; Vice President, Dr. M. J. Lower; Secretary, Dr. B. F. Harris, and Treasurer, J. H. Dawley. LANGLADE COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. The present Langlade County Medical Society was organized in the municipal council chambers by Dr. J. M. Dodd, councilor of District No. 10, now Dis- trict 11 (La Crosse District), of the State Medical Society, October 9, 1903. Officers elected were : Presi- dent, Dr. I. D. Steffen; Vice President, Dr. M. J. Donohue; Secretary, Dr. F. I. Drake; Board of Cen- sors, Dr. F. V. Watson, Dr. M. A. Flatley, and Dr. M. J. Donohue. Meetings were set at the first Friday of December, March, June and September. Present of- ficers are: President, Dr. L. A. Steffen; Vice President, Dr. E. R. Murphy; Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. J. C. Wright. The purpose of the society is to bring into one or- ganization the physicians of the county, so that by frequent meetings and full and frank discussion, in- terchange of views, they may secure such intelligent unity and harmony as will elevate the opinion of the profession in all scientific, legislative, public health, material and social affairs, to the end that the pro- fession may receive that respect and support within its own ranks and from the community to which its honorable history and achievements entitle it. The county unit is a part of the state society and the American Medical Association, parent organiza- tions. The annual meeting, with banquet, was introduced in 1910. The society did commendable service dur- ing the World War as a unit as also did its members. The first medical banquet was held February 9, 1910. LIST OF PHYSICIANS. Langlade County physicians who have served re- spective communities since 1880 to date are: Dr. E. Smith, Dr. F. J. Despins, Dr. G. W. Remington, Dr. F. A. Beckel, Dr. J. H. Dawley, Dr. M. J. Lower, Dr. C. Munn, Dr. E. A. Craine, Dr. M. E. Williams, Dr. J. W. Moody, Dr. B. F. Harris, Dr. G. R. Shaw, Dr. J. Weiss, Dr. E. P. Cook, Dr. M. J. Donohue, Dr. E. J. Donohue, Dr. J. F. Doyle, Dr. I. D. Steffen, Dr. Frank, Dr. H. T. Field, Dr. G. W. Moore. Dr. G. W. Develaar, Dr. G. H. Williamson, Dr. C. L. Cline. Dr. H. P. Beattie (woman). Dr. G. L. Bellis. Dr. N. Kahn, Dr. H. G. Westphal, Dr. J. P. Percival, Dr. W. H. Ellis, Dr. T. J. Fladey, Dr. M. A. Flatley, Dr. 0. G. Wolfgram, Dr. E. E. Couch, Dr. J. M. Sattler, Dr. L. A. Leysner, Dr. Clayton Charles, Dr. F. V. Watson, Dr. E. A. King, Dr. E. R. Murphy, Dr. G. E. Moore, Dr. J. P. Gillis, Dr. P. J. Dailey, Dr. Lyman Steffen, Dr. Edward Zellmer, Dr. E. G. Bloor, Dr. J. C. Wright and Dr. F. Drake. CHIROPRACTORS. Present Antigo Chiropractors are: Harry Zuehlke, J. J. Healy, Julius Below and Miss Alma Hanson. In 1912-13 the Antigo School of Chiropractics conducted by Paul Von de Schoeppe enjoyed state and nation- wide reputation. The school graduated many chiro- practors. LANGLADE COUNTY DENTAL ASSOCIATION. The Langlade County Dental Association organized June, 1919, with the following officers: President, Dr. F. C. Kestly; Vice President. Dr. C. B. Baker; Secre- tary-Treasurer. Dr. A. A. Hoffman. Meetings are held every two months. Present officers are : President. Dr. C. B. Baker; Vice President. Dr. John Prokupek; Secretary-Treasurer. Dr. A. N. Anderson. Dr. H. V. Mills, first Langlade County dentist, came to Antigo in 1882. Present Antigo dentists are : Dr. H. V. Mills. Dr. F. C. Judson. Dr. F. C. Kestly. Dr. J. Prokupek. Dr. N. P. Kelly. Dr. Jos. Gillis. Dr. A. N. Anderson. Dr. A. A. Hoffman, Dr. Harry B. Dresser and Dr. C. B. Baker. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 95 CHAPTER XX. Soil Formation in Langlade County General Character of Surface — Glacial Drifts — Merrimac Silt Loam — Gloucester Series — Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks of Archean System — Spencer Silt Loam — Peat Formations — Wolf River Ledges — Elevation of Antigo and Summit Lake. Langlade County owes the general character of its surface to glacial action. Geologists have divided the time required to develop the earth to its present state in cycles or ages. Thus where rocks predominate they can be studied and their geologic age can be ascertained. Two distinct periods of glaciation are represented in Langlade County. The older drift is confined to the southwestern part. The surface is gently rolling with no lakes and only a few undrained tracts. The newer glacial drift covers the rest of the county. The surface is more irregular, the drainage system, while developed, has not become so well established. Lakes and swamps abound. Thus the soils of the entire county are the result of glacial drifts. In northeastern Langlade County a small tract of land is underlain by igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Archean system, consisting of granite, gneis and schist, with subordinate greenstone, porphyries and syenites. Here numerous outcrops occur and the formation has contributed extensively to the overly- ing soils. Gloucester silt loam is an important soil. Elton and Langlade townships have important areas. This type consists of a brown or light brown, friable loess-like silt loam, which extends to an average depth of from 12 to 14 inches. Much organic matter is present, the amount of silt is higher and the percentage of coarse material lower than in the rolling phase of the same type. The subsoil becomes heavier with depth. Be- low 30 inches the subsoil grades into a bed of un- assorted glacial till of sand and gravel. Stones and boulders are present on the surface. As to distribution, while not uniform, they range in diame- ter from 12 to 14 inches. In the Gloucester silt loam territory of the county there are many stone-free areas of considerable size and with liming and in- noculation of soil, livestock, dairying, potato culture and small grain growing have been developed. EASTERN AND CENTRAL LANGLADE COUNTY. The Gloucester silt loam, rolling phase, predomin- ates in the eastern and central portions of Langlade County. Associated with it are the typical soil and numerous areas of the Gloucester sandy loam. The rolling Gloucester phase consists to an average depth of 10 to 12 inches of a grayish brown, friable silt loam, with smooth feel. It contains organic matter in a moderate degree. This soil has somewhat the appearance of loess. The sub-soil of the rolling phase consists of yellow, yellowish brown or slightly gray- ish yellow silt loam becoming heavier in texture with depth, extending to a depth of 20 to 26 inches. Be- low this depth the percentage of sand and gravel in- creases. In sections 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 of Town- ship 34, Range 10 east and in sections 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 in Township 33, Range 11 east, of the county, there is a considerable amount of fine sand incorpor- ated in both soil and sub-soil, so that the soil ap- proaches a fine sandy loam. Rolling, Norwood, Polar and Evergreen Townships, in the Gloucester silt loam, rolling phase, are all extensively developed. Gloucester fine sandy loam is found in the county where crystalline rocks make up the underlying geo- logic formation. The general occurrence of this type of soil is in irregular belts running in a northeast and southwest direction, following the trend of the glacial ice sheet. The Gloucester fine sandy loam surface soil consists to an average depth of 12 inches of light brown or yel- lowish brown mellow, friable sandy loam. The sub- soil consists of a light yellowish brown to yellow fine sandy loam coarser in texture with increased depth. Gravel occurs below a depth of 20 inches. Stones and boulders are plentiful on the surface and through the soil section, ranging in size up to three feet in diam- eter. They are not as numerous, however, as on the Gloucester silt loam, rolling phase. In section 33 and 34 of township 34, range 10 east, the surface is only undulating and the material is derived from an out- wash plain. This type of soil owes its origin to the weathering of glacial till which was deposited over the crystalline rocks and it consists of material which was derived largely from this geologic formation through the grinding action of the ice and subsequent weathering. A part of this type may consist of lateral or recessional moraines. There are only a few square miles of Gloucester fine sand in the county. The surface soil, to an aver- age depth of 9 to 10 inches, consists of loose, friable, yellowish brown fine sand. The surface inch on vir- gin tracts is often darker due to the accumulation of organic matter, where the land has been burned over. The subsoil is a yellow fine sand. Gravel is not plen- tiful in within 36 inches of the surface. Where this soil is found in the county stones and boulders are present in moderate quantities on the surface and mix- ed with the soil. The surface of this type of soil varies from undulating to gently rolling while some areas consist of low hills giving a hummocky appear- ance. It owes its origin to the weathering of glacial 96 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. drift derived chiefly from the grinding action of the ice sheet over the crystalline rocks. Gloucester sandy loam has been extensively devel- oped in Langlade County. The surface soil consists to an average depth of about 12 inches of a brown or yellowish brown medium textured sandy loam of a rather loose and friable structure. The subsoil is grad- ually lighter and often coarser in texture with depth. Below 22 inches it consists of an unstratified mixture of medium to coarse sand and fine gravel. Stone and boulders up to three or four feet in diameter are scat- tered over the surface and mixed with the soil mate- rial but they are not numerous. The most numerous boulders range from ten to eighteen inches in diameter. ROLLING TOWNSHIP. In Rolling Township the soil is somewhat heavier, less rolling and has fewer stone sand and is a better agricultural soil than Gloucester sandy loam else- where. Gloucester sandy loam in Upham Township is more gravelly than usual and the texture is variable within short distances. In places it is a loam or a gravelly loam while again it may be a fine sandy loam or gravelly sand. In the extreme northwestern cor- ner of Langlade County, in township 34, range 9, and in the extreme southeastern part, in township 32, range 14 east, and township 31, range 14 east, Glou- cester sandy loam is more stony, gravelly and rougher than usual and has a lower grade of agricultural value. In some places it is a gravelly sand. Excavations and well records show that the subsoil of sand and gravel extends to bedrock, and that the huge boulders occur to a depth of 20 to 30 feet. The surface of the Gloucester sandy loam varies from rolling to rough and hilly. Over the greater part of this type of soil the surface is not too steep for cul- tivation, but there are exceptions to this where the topography is so broken and the slopes so steep that cultivated crops probably could not be produced with profit. In the vicinity of Edith and Rose Lakes, town- ships 32, range 14 east, and in the northwestern part of the county, township 34, range 9, except in sections 17 and 18, the surface is very rough and the land has not a high agricultural value. The surface frequently appears as a series of paral- lel ridges varying in elevation from 15 to 40 feet above the intervening valleys and occurring from 20 rods to a quarter of a mile apart. These slopes are some- times very steep and in a general outline they have an appearance of eskers, but the material is not stratified. The material composing the Gloucester sandy loam consists of glacial debris deposited over crystalline rock by the ice sheet. The supply of organic matter in this soil is low. There is a probability that little of the material forming this soil has come from the immediate region and it therefore has the same rela- tion to the underlying rock that a residual soil would have. Gloucester sand, of minor importance, is found in the townships of Elcho and Ainsworth in small tracts. It is a light brown surface soil extending to about eight inches. The material is loose, has an acid condi- tion and contains but little organic material. The sub- soil is a yellow medium sand. Fine gravel occurs over the surface occasionally and in the deep subsoil. Few stones appear on the surface and none hinder cul- tivation. No limestone material is present as the ma- terial composing this type of soil consists of glacial debris not transported from any great distance. Farm crops do not yield as much on this soil as on silt loam and fine sandy loam, potatoes doing the best. GLOUCESTER STONY SAND ALONG WOLF RIVER. Gloucester stony sand is found in small patches in northern Langlade County along the Wolf River. This is a loose, incoherent sand of medium texture at a sur- face depth of 8 to 10 inches. The amount of organic matter is very small. The subsoil is lighter as depth becomes greater. It is yellow in color. Stones are plentiful on the surface and boulders frequently ap- pear. Kames and eskers make up a great portion of the surface, which is very irregular and rough. The material of which Gloucester stondy sand con- sists is glacial debris deposited as kames, eskers and probably as lateral and recessional moraines. The gravel, stones and boulders are largely of crystalline rock. No trace of limestone can be found and the soil and subsoil are acidic. It is of little value for agricultural purposes, but is well adapted for fores- tration. The Spencer silt loam, a most important and exten- sive soil type, is confined to the western part of Lang- lade County where it occurs as one continuous tract in Summit, Vilas, Ackley and the western part of Peck and Upham Townships. The surface of this type of soil to an average depth of 10 inches consists of a light brown or grayish silt loam with a reddish shade and contains a small amount of organic matter. The percentage of silt is very high and the soil has a smooth feel characteris- tic of silt loam. This soil is heavy and compact be- cause of the high clay content and at places approaches a silty clay loam in texture. The subsoil consists of a yellowish brown, buff or grayish silt loam which is heavier with depth and grades into a silty loam at 16 to 20 inches. Below this depth and at times above it the material is mottled with yellow, brown, bluish and reddish brown, indicating poor internal drainage. The lower subsoil below 24 and 30 inches has a red- dish brown color. There are but little stones on the surface. The amount of organic material is greater in the depressions. The depth to bedrock ranges from 4 to 50 feet. The surface generally is undulating and gently rolling. Elevation differences between high- est and lowest points do not exceed over forty feet. Slopes are long and gentle. There are some places where the surface is wet most of the time, but the natural surface drainage is fairly good. This soil is formed from the weathered product of the ground-up rock left upon the surface early in the Glacial Period. It has been derived almost entirely HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 97 from the old ingneous rocks which make up the under- lying formation through this part of the county. The soil has some of the characteristics of a residual soil. The small number of stones and boulders present is due to their disintegration and breaking up into soil during the long period that has elapsed since the old drift formation was deposited. This drift has been eroded and washed by streams and rains for so long a period that depressions in the surface have been largely drained or have been filled by wash from adjoining slopes. There are seldom any peat bogs, swamps or lakes in this section of the county. All the region is excellent for crops. The level phase of Spencer silt loam is found in Ackley Township. In texture the soil is a silt loam, but it has a lower position and poorer drainage. The organic material is great. Drainage is not very good as the surface is so level and the texture of the soil so heavy that natural drainage is deficient. The most important consideration in the improvement of this soil is drainage after which the level phase is good for agricultural purposes. Merrimac silt loam is an important soil from the standpoint of productivity and agricultural develop- ment. The most extensive tract in Langlade County is found in the southwestern part where there is an unbroken area covering approximately 150 square miles. Antigo, Deerbrook, Bryant, Elcho and Ormsby are all located in this tract. The surface of this soil is light brown or grayish brown, friable silt loam, which extends to an average depth of 12 inches. The content of the silt is high, organic material is very small, but the soil as a whole is in an acid condition. The subsoil is yellowish brown and at a depth of 22 to 30 inches it grades into beds of stratified sand and gravel. West of Antigo the silt covering in some places is five feet while in other places east of Anti- go, particularly, gravel and sand sometimes are turned up by the plow. This soil is lighter east of Antigo than that west of the city. Where this type of soil is best developed there are few stones and but little gravel. However, on a small area two miles north of Ormsby, stones are thickly embedded in the soil. This surface is level or gently undulating and usually has a very gentle slope toward the water course along which it occurs. Streams that have cut through these areas have their channels 5 to 20 feet below the general level of the adjacent land. Flood plains along such streams are from a few rods to a quarter of a mile in width. East of Antigo and also north is a prairie-like plain in which the elevation differences do not exceed 6 to 10 feet in distances of several miles. This country is commonly called "The Antigo Flats" and is very pro- ductive. The gravel and sand generally comes close enough to the surface in this part of the county to make for good drainage. The Merrimac silt loam is composed of alluvial material and is the result of out- wash plains and stream terraces by streams issuing from the ice sheet during the gracial period. Beds of stratified sand and gravel below the surface extend to a considerable depth, known to be as high as 58 feet at Antigo. The underlying rock is granite and the gravel found in this section is usually from gran- ite and other crystalline rocks. The fine surface soil is the result of the grinding action of the glacial ice formation and the action of water, weather and wind upon glacial debris. Stones and boulders were car- ried in by floating ice or by the advance of an ice sheet after the stratified material was first deposited. The area of this type of soil about Antigo is the larg- est in the state and is some of the finest agricultural land in the state. Merrimac sandy loam, a type of soil of minor im- portance, is found in Langlade County northeast of Antigo in a narrow belt of 7 or 8 square miles. The surface soil is sandy loam to a depth of one foot. The subsoil is loose and coarser with depth. This soil warms up early in the spring and general farming produces fair yields from it. The parent material from which the type of soil was derived consists largely of crystalline rock with a small quantity of material from limestone. Peat is found in small tracts through Langlade County and consists of vegetable matter in various stages of decomposition. Muck, consisting of well de- composed matter with which there is incorporated an appreciable amount of mineral matter, is also found in the county in small areas. There are some ledges in eastern Langlade County along the Wolf River. The most important weed pests in Langlade County are Canada thistles, quack grass and wild mustard. Antigo is 922 feet above Lake Michigan and 1,483 feet above sea level. Summit Lake is 1,697 feet above sea level and is officially the highest body of water in Wisconsin. There is a small body of water just north of Summit Lake declared to be much higher than Summit Lake. Rib Hill, Marathon County, highest land point in Wisconsin, is 1,940 feet above sea level. Koepenick, Upham Township, Lang- lade County, is 1,683 feet above sea level. 98 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XXI. Antigo, the County Seat Surroundings — Hon. F. A. Deleglise — Rich Timber Belt — Influx Of Homesteaders — Famous Run- away Election — Population — Village Plat — The Fight To Incorporate A City. Within the memory of the older settlers of Antigo, was a time, not so many years ago, when the great Badger country north of a line running west of Green Bay was denominated by a howling wilderness. Two streaks of rust and a right-of-way, the iron trail of the new north, through densely unbroken forests, were the only evidences that civilized man had ever pene- trated a land so wild as to be practically worthless to humankind save to the sturdy woodsman and the hunt- ly timbered, known as "the hills." From thence east, the land, to the county line, was heavily covered with basswood, maple, birch, rock elm with pieces of choice oak, ash, cherry and butternut scattered through other timber. From "the hills" to the east Eau Claire riv- er across the Antigo flats, now hailed as the most pro- ductive soil in the state, the timber was as thick and heavy as on the higher ground but not as valuable. The city of Antigo was located on Spring River, a HOW FIFTH .WEXUE, ANTIGO. WIS.. LOOKED IX 1882. Only a path through the great forests was then evidence of pioneer settlers. This picture was taken just cast of what is known as the "Hclt line." Contrast this picture with a bird's eye view of .Antigo in ISSfi and the advancement of the village in that four-year period will be easily noted. 1 hen turn to page 101 and compare with a Fifth .'\venue scene taken in .August, 1022 — Forty years later. er of game. If the captious critic and explorer of fifty years ago could stalk across this country today he would be amazed. Here he would find white flocks feeding upon a thousand hills; he would see scores of stately cities, with great rivers flowing beneath their walls; cities with the best accommodations, thriving and prosperous, railroads, manufacturing establish- ments towering toward the sky, churches, schools, libraries and scores of happy and contented people. It was through this progressing section 45 years ago that the city of Antigo, county seat of Langlade Coun- ty, was staked by F. A. Deleglise, the surrounding aiding him materially in reaching that conclusion. The city was wisely located in the valley of the Eau Claire river, three miles east of it being an area of land, heavi- branch of the Eau Claire river and originally was a mile and a half long, east and west, by a mile in width, north and south. The attention of homesteaders was first attracted to this country and its surroundings by the exceptional quality of its soil and its adaption to agriculture, then progressing under the Homestead Act. F. A. Deleglise located the site of Antigo in 1877 and later moved his family to it. With him came his brother-in-law John Doersch. They were then the only white men at or near what is now the city of Antigo. The far sighted Mr. Deleglise at once set out to plat a town, his life ambition being to found a city. It was his purpose to build a town of 500 or 1,000 inhabi- tants and he felt that the amount of timber in the ter- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 99 ritory adjacent to his embryo village would in short time require a mill to cut it. Thus a rising inland town would grow from out of the wilderness. The country demanded it and would therefore sustain it. Mr. Deleglise was an able civil engineer and he had his own notions about platting the village and having it look well. And it may be added that his notions were good. Acting on his own theories he stuck a stake at what he presumed to be a good center, without re- gard for section lines, and covered it with brushes so as it would be unmolested by the new inhabitants ar- riving. In the meantime he spent much time perfect- ing his plat on paper. When the founder of Antigo first arrived in the wilderness where he later plated the village of Antigo, the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad Com- pany were pushing their line north from Clintonville with the city of Wausau, then a small hamlet, known to be its objective. Beyond that, its course was a mystery. The first survey north from Eland Junction was not made until the fall and winter of 1879-1880. F. A. Deleglise began his first survey of the intend- ed village of Antigo at the south end of what is known today as Virginia street on October 12, 1878, with the single assistance of his daughter, Virginia, who was born after the return of F. A. Deleglise from the Civil War. The original plat of the village of Antigo was filed with the Register of Deeds, R. G. Webb, at 5.30 p. m., July 10, 1882, in the name of Mary Deleglise, wife of the founder of the city. Niels Anderson was the notary public who affixed his seal to the historic plat. B. F. Dorr and Charles Gowan were witnesses. The plat ran north and south from First to Tenth Avenue inclusive and east and west from Aurora street to Lincoln street, inclusive. The first addition to the village of Antigo was made on March 16, 1883, when M. M. Ross was Regis- ter of Deeds and was called Daskam's addition. The second addition was Jone's first addition, made August 30, 1883. It may be interesting to readers to know how the streets of Antigo within the original plat of the vil- lage received their names and why. This is explain- ed as follows : THE CITY OF ANTIGO. Antigo received its name from Nequi-Antigo-Seebeh, the Chippewa Indian name of Spring River, signify- ing balsam evergreen river from the balsam evergreen that bordered the river. THE STREETS OF ANTIGO. Aurora — East boundary of original plat — meaning dawn of day. Watson — Named after an eminent Wisconsin astron- omer, discoverer of the planet Vulcan and others. Virginia — Named after Virginia Deleglise, daughter born to F. A. and Mary Deleglise after the return of the former from Virginia, where he had served un- der General Bragg in the Civil War. Hudson — Named after Henry Hudson, discoverer of Hudson Bay. Arctic — Most northern street in the Village of An- tigo. Field — Named after C. H. Field to whose persever- ance mankind owes the laying of the Atlantic cable. Milton — After the famous English poet, author of Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained. Weed — Named after J. H. Weed's — the largest saw mill in Langlade County. Superior — Leading thoroughfare, north and south — on highway to Lake Superior. Clermont — In honor of Robert Fulton's steamboat, The Clermont. Fulton — After Robert Fulton, inventor of the steam boat. Edison — After the great inventor, Thomas A. Edi- son. Reed — After the Vice-President of the M. L. S. & W. Railroad. Morsel — After Samuel F. B. Morse, inventor of the telegraph system. Dorr — After B. F. Dorr, assistant surveyor of the village of Antigo in 1881-1882. Lincoln — After Abraham Lincoln — emancipator of four millions. Adantic — After Atlantic Ocean. Pacific — After Pacific Ocean. The Atlantic was the block between Fifth and Sixth Avenues east of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad depot. The Pacific was the street between the same avenues on the west side of the depot. Both streets, Atlantic and Pacific and the territory between, included of course (the depot and its grounds), were called America. This no doubt signified that be- tween the Atlantic and Pacific was America, the con- tinent. LONG PLANNED SETTLEMENT. Regarding the founding of the city of Antigo, Mr. Deleglise said: "As early as 1857, I believed that there were openings in this neighborhood for several prosperous settlements. Looking over the map of Wisconsin, I came to the conclusion that the valley of the upper Embarrass river and of the upper Eau Claire river would afford sites for at least two central commercial points, one to be located in the Embarrass country and the other in the Eau Claire river coun- try." Mr. Deleglise had in view a location within a radius of a few miles around the southeastern corner of town 27, range 13 east and another in the vicinity of section 15, town 27, range 12 east, as the eligible points in the valley of the Embarrass river. He also had in view a point at the fork of the Eau Claire river, known as the Ackley trading post,' another at Bear Lake (now Elm- hurst) in town 30, range 11 east, also another on sec- tion 21, township 32, range 11 east and another near Mueller's Lake in township 31, range 12 east. 1. The city of Antigo should have been located at the forks of the cast and west branches of the Eau Claire river. The Milwaukee. Lake Shore & Western Railroad Company originally planned to construct their road through what is now Ackley Township, Langlade County. c n % .« « 4) X " "ltd ™u O "^ C ^ '' '" ce: ' O rt a : ^^s- . -3, -5 ^>.u"0--o i;!iii 1 1 1 1 1 ' v \> '^ ■'13 C C , « C >. « • P V n «^ or ■^-c ,„• « £ o S « „- c o Q c >-] -a . rt ■ t- ^ M _ "O .». m _. Li, ,S u o~ ~-5- coj -wo c E " o >. 2. sis' c/id^O'*! I I I I I I M I M I I rHe4»^»OCO r* CO 0> O •-< C4 CO T O ^ M 3 i C u . £* = jg Q 0- w o -nils 5 S-= ° o o_ c u ;;;= J o Si ■ w- C ^ M C O. re 3 ■- O • rt ■ Mill., <£0UQWIi,O . >.^'P" c,» « I' C cO c 3 O tP w « o StJCQ '^ 1J-- O-O O O 3 5 !; < ■= E r = S; ■XX'Z I I I I HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 101 After considerable deliberation, while at Appleton, in the summer of 1876, Mr. Deleglise mapped out the present plan of the city of Antigo and determined up- on its location as the point for the upper Eau Claire river valley. Most of the land was entered in the name of his wife, Mary Deleglise, in the fall of 1877, with $300 received from her parents. Entry was made upon a contract with the state. "We paid about $16 per forty acres down," said Mr. Deleglise. The founder of the city built a log shanty on lot 13, block 35, of the future village and moved his family into it. Thus his was the first family and the first building in the original plat of the place. The first shanty, however in the neighborhood was that erected and delay, as they could, the diversion of the lumber business. Pioneers of Shawano had succeeded in inducing the legislature in 1879 to attach Antigo and New County to Shawano County for county and judicial purposes. This actually bound Antigo, hand and foot, to Shawano. Twenty miles of woods separated Antigo from the Wolf River country, where the town board of Langlade township met. The town board was also antagonistic to citizens of Antigo. This was unbearable and the settlers of Antigo thereupon devised a plan to over- throw the town board and elect officers with sympathy for Antigo and who would afford the city the op- portunity to grow that it was entitled to by law. LOOKING EAST ON FIFTH AVENUE FROM EDISON STREET, ANTIGO, WIS., IN 1922. Where the oxen slowly trudged in 1870, the molerii automobile spins in 1922. The Pioneer "picked his way" through marsh and mud by the light of an oil lantern then. Forty-three years later Antigo's main street, lined with splendid brick buildings, and e.xcellently paved, is illuminated by a beautiful orna- mental lighting system. by Michael Weix in what is now Weix's addition to the city of Antigo. In 1878, there were just eighteen people, including laborers and transients in Antigo. The village of Antigo was originally included within the Town of Langlade, Oconto County. The nearest town officers were twenty-one miles away. Mr. Deleglise engaged in lumbering operations and as a land and real estate agent having had control of 10,000 acres of land within a radius of ten miles of Antigo. FAMOUS POLITICAL EPISODES. During the early years of the settlement of Antigo, the people were apprehensive of trouble with their neighbor, the city of Shawano. Antigo was destined to rival and ultimately surpass Shawano as a business and commercial center. Shawano citizens believed that a great deal of the Wolf River lumber business would be diverted to Antigo. Consequently this serv- ed as an incentive to the people of Shawano to spare no means to prevent Antigo's prosperity and growth. THE SURPRISE VOTERS. The Antigoites kept very quiet on election day, thus leading the Wolf River party to think that Antigo citi- zens would not vote. The Antigo citizens, starting the day before election, in that fine spring of 1879, camped out during the night along the road and put in their appearance late in the afternoon of the fol- lowing day and won by superior numbers. The Lang- lade settlement was defeated by about six votes, their strength being divided by dissension. ^ It has been said by an old pioneer that the Langlade settlers could have defeated Antigo by challenging the vote, which they did not do. The total vote was less than one hundred. THE FIGHT TO INCORPORATE ANTIGO. In 1883 an unsuccessful fight was made before the State Legislature to incorporate the city of Antigo. The defeat was due to dissension among the people of Antigo. Members of the county board not from the 1. If the Langlade voters knew of the approach of the Antigo citi- zens they would have temporarily buried their differences to save to the Wolf River region that political prestige which they held so many years. 102 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. village of Antigo were opposed to its incorporation because they disliked the idea of greater representa- tion of the village on the county board. Proponents of the plan for incorporation declared that the village should be incorporated as a city be- cause the pro rata of electors to each chairman of the county townships exclusive of the Town of Antigo was in 1883, 51 inhabitants. Thus, they argued, if the village becomes a city, each of the four ward su- pervisors would represent 53 electors. The four su- pervisors of the city and the Chairman of Antigo town- ship would each represent 63 electors and that even with the four city supervisors on the board, that the county members opposed, the per cent of representa- tion would still be in favor of the townships. Two years later in 1885, Antigo citizens led a fight City Clerk* — J. E. MuUowney. Assessor — Frank M. Sherman. Treasurer — R. H. McMuUen. Justices of the Peace — Eli Waste, John W. Wines and E. R. Colton. The election of Thomas W. Lynch, an attorney, as Mayor was practically unanimous, he receiving 483 votes to 3 for W. H. Blinn, a jeweler. FIRST ALDERMEN ELECTED. The first aldermen elected in Antigo were as fol- lows : 1st ward — P. A. Robinson, two-year town; Louis Novotny, one-year term. THE OLD CITY HALL AXD FIRE DEPARTMEXT Of the city of Antigo arc shown herewith. This picture, taken in ISiiO bj- C. B. McDonald, shows the frame building at the intersection of Clermont Street and Fifth .Avenue (now the site of the First Nation- al Bank). Just north of it on Clermont Street was the store of Henry Berner. Sr.. and north of that building was the old city hall and fire department, (the building with the steeple and bell). This photo was taken on Memorial day. Clermont Street, north of Third .Avenue was then being opened. The old Tiblu-t place (nnw the Mnrten residence) is seen north of the old city hall. to have the city incorporated and were successful. The city was incorporated under chapter 79 of the laws of 1885 with four wards. The first election was held on the first Tuesday in April, 1885. Inspectors of ward elections selected by the act incorporating the city were: 1st ward — H. G. Borgman. 2nd ward — B. F. Dorr; 3rd ward — August Schoepke and 4th ward — Louis Mendlik. The first polling places were held at: 1st ward — Clithero & Strong's lumber office on Superior street; 2nd ward — Spencer's Hall on 5th Avenue; 3rd ward — At Sherman & Dawley's office on Fifth Avenue; 4th ward — At Louis Mendlik's office on Superior street. The first officers elected under the city charter were : Mayor — Thomas W. Lynch, 2nd ward — George Clithero, two-year term; P. A. Koelzer, one-year term. 3rd ward — D. W. Keen, two-year term; John Saxe, one-year term. 4th ward — C. Taubner, two-year term; G. C. Wil- liams, one-year term. George Clithero was chosen first President of the city council at the first city council meeting held at Spencer's Hall, April 13, 1885. The first act of the council was to create by resolution the city of Antigo pursuant to the provisions and in compliance with chapter 79 of the laws of 1885. Antigo's progress as a city is discussed in another chapter, as the opening of the new form of govern- ment closed a vivid chapter in early pioneer life. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 103 CHAPTER XXII. Hon. Francis A. Deleglise Birthplace — Parentage — Early Life — Coming To America — Fought in Civil War — His Marriage to Mary Bor — Children — His Coming to the Valley cf the Eau Claire River — His Death March 25, 1894— The Death of Mrs. Mary Deleglise. On March 25, 1894, the city of Antigo lost its most illustrous pioneer, Hon. Francis A. Deleglise, known widely to the public as the "Father of Antigo." Hon. Francis Augustine Deleglise was born on February 10, 1835, in Commune of Baynes, Canton of Valais, Switzerland, the son of Maurice Athanase and Cath- Township, Dodge County, Wisconsin, where she is buried. The father then moved with his family to Gibson, Manitowoc County, shortly after, moving to Belle Plain, Shawano County. Maurice Deleglise farmed here until 1878 when he was called by death. He was HON. FR.WCIS A. DELEGLISE THE FOUNDER OF THE CITY OF ANTIGO Born February in, 1835. Died March 25, 1894. erine (Lang) Del'Eglise. The father of Mr. Dele- glise was one of four brothers of the old and highly esteemed Catholic families of Valais vineyardists. Maurice, the father of the founder of Antigo, was a teacher and surveyor, he not following the occupation of his ancestors. In 1848 Maurice Deleglise emigrat- ed to America, coming to Wisconin where he engag- ed in agriculture. Pioneer life was hard and new to the teacher and surveyor and after five years' resi- dence his wife passed away at their home in Theresa buried in the village of Antigo, the home of his son, Francis A. Deleglise. Francis A. Deleglise was the eldest of the three children brought to America. An older daughter, Catherine, remained in the native land. Young Fran- cis, an intelligent student in the Swiss Canton, found it necessary to aid his father in their new home in America, and he was largely responsible for much of the earnings emptied into the family purse. On November 29, 1856, he was united in marriage 104 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. to Mary Bor, at Two Rivers, Wisconsin. Mrs. F. A. Deleglise was born January 1, 1835, in Taus, Boheniia. Her father died in Antigo in the year 1881. Francis A. Deleglise answered the call of President Lincoln for troops during the Civil War. He enlisted June 28, 1861, in Appleton, Wis., in Company E of the 6th Wis. Vol. Inf., under Captain Marston. He was promoted to Corporal and in July, 1862, when the regiment became attached to the Army of the Potomac, he participated in many of the struggles of the famous "Iron Brigade" of General Bragg. At An- tietam, bloodiest Civil War battle, he was wounded September 17, 1862. During the first day's fighting at Gettysburg, he was wounded and taken prisoner, but was later rescued by Union forces. On July 16, 1864, he was honorably discharged, after gloriously serving the colors of the North and leaving behind a record of a valiant soldier. Mr. Deleglise suffered be remembered as the most public spirited Antigo citi- zen of his day. Mr. Deleglise was a member of the Roman Catholic Church all of his life. He died Easter Sunday, March 25, 1894, in the loyal profes- sion of that faith. Mrs. Deleglise survived her hus- band fourteen years, dying December 20, 1907. Mr. and Mrs. Deleglise were survived by five chil- dren of the eight born to them. Those who died were: Francis Joseph, John E., Henry, and Edmond. Mrs. Mary Teresa Deresch, eldest child, was the first white settler to enter a government homestead in the wilderness adjacent to Antigo. Mrs. Deresch was for many years the only white woman within a radius of twenty miles. Mrs. Sophia Leslie, the wife of Sam. E. Leslie, was one of the first Antigo school teachers and assisted her father in platting the village of Antigo. She has two children. Loyal I. and Cyril. THE F. A. DELEGLISE HOMESTEAD The first house in .Xntigo. erected in 1ST7 by Hon. Francis A. Deleglise. The historic log cabin is now preserved on the Antigo Public Library grounds. much from exposure and wounds during the war and lost in weight from 180 pounds to less than 100 pounds. After the Civil War he started locating lands in north central Wisconsin and it was then that he se- lected the future site of Antigo. He brought his fam- ily to Antigo in 1877, located and platted the village, more of which is told elsewhere in this volume. Mr. Deleglise dealt largely in real estate in Antigo. He was an early Town Chairman, the first County Treasurer, and was elected to the Assembly in 1892, a Republican victor in the Democratic landslide. Dur- ing his legislative career he made a brilliant record, manifesting his intelligence and his welfare for the constituents whom he represented. He was liberal in all things, donated many sites to industries, churches, and business interests in Antigo. He secured the first storekeeper, the first mill proprietor and banker who came to Antigo. He was farsighted and will forever Anna E. Morrissey, as a girl of ten, accompanied her father, Antigo's founder, to Langlade County, when he brought with him the first vanguard of set- tlers. She was the first white child to come to what later became the city of Antigo. Anna E. Morrissey, wife of Thomas Morrissey, has four children, Mar- garet Virginia, John Francis, Gerald Deleglise, and May. Adelbert Deleglise is unmarried and lives in Min- neapolis. Alexius L. Deleglise is an able civil engineer and has for many years been City Engineer of Antigo, but at the present time is City Engineer at Merrill, Wis- consin. He has three children, Margaret, Irene and Germaine. The Deleglise family have enjoyed the respect, con- fidence and esteem of the citizens of Antigo and Lang- lade County and their place as pioneers is equalled only by their standing as citizens. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 105 CHAPTER XXIII. City of Antigo Officials First Mayor — City Clerks — City Treasurers — Civil Engineers — City Sealers of Weights and Meas- ures — City Health Officers — City Attorneys — Presidents of Board of Aldermen — City Marshals — Justices of the Peace — Assessors — Street Commissioners — Chiefs of the Antigo Paid Fire Depart- ment — Aldermen — Supervisors. ANTIGO CITY OFFICIALS— 1922. Mayor — Charles J. Hanzel. City Clerk — George O. Palmiter. Treasurer — Frank Dvorak. Deputy City Clerk — Edith Beard. City Attorney — R. C. Dempsey. City Nurse — Esther Bayliss. City Engineer — Frank Quimby. Supt. of Water Dept. — H. W. Jackson. Councilmen — G. O. Palmiter and Frank Dvorak. Assessor — John Menting. Marshal — William Coblentz. Deputy Marshals — Nels Madsen, Harry Morse, Robert Ford and John Utnehmer. Health Officer and City Physician— Dr. L. A. Stef- fen. Commissioner of Poor — Mrs. H. V. Mills. Chief of Antigo Fire Department — Elwin Billings. Asst. Chief of Antigo Fire Department — Guy Rice. Board of Public Works — Mayor Charles J. Hanzel, G. O. Palmiter and Frank Dvorak. City Police and Fire Commissioners — Fred H. Shaw, M. T. Canfield, Hon. B. W. Rynders, L. P. Tradewell and J. F. Weix. Unofficial Advisory Board selected by the Mayor — A. K. Potter, Wm. H. Wolpert, J. R. McQuillan, Ed- ward McCandless, James Cody, Edward Daskam, P. J. Dunn, Al Duchac, O. P. Walch, W. W. Smith, Francis Brush and John Hessel. MAYORS. Thomas W. Lynch, 1885-86; M. M. Ross, 1886-87; D. W. Keen, 1887-88; Thomas W. Lynch, 1888-89; Dr. J. F. Doyle, 1889-90; Dr. I. D. Steffen, 1890-91; Cassius F. Smith, 1891-92; Dr. J. F. Doyle, 1892-93; J. F. Albers, 1893-94; George W. Hill, 1894-95; R. H. McMullen, 1895-98; John F. Dailey, 1898-99; Dr. I. D. Steffen, 1899-01; R. H. McMullen, 1901-02; Thomas W. Hogan, 1902-04; Fred Hayssen, 1904-06; George W. Hill, 1906-08; Fred Hayssen, 1908-10; Burt W. Rynders, 1910-12; George W. Hill, 1912 until April 20, 1913, when he died; Leonard Frieburger, 1913-14; Dr. L D. Steffen, 1914-15; C. F. Calhoun, 1915-17; John Benishek, 1917-20; Charles J. Hanzel, 1920-22, (term unexpired.) CITY CLERKS. J. E. Mullowney, 1885-87; Ed. La Londe, 1887-89; Edward Case, 1889-90; Ed. La Londe, 1890-91; Lee Waste, 1891-92; J. E. Mullowney, 1892-93; D. J. Ma- honey, 1893; W. H. Dawley, 1893; D. J. Mahoney, 1893-94; Fred Hayssen, 1894-95; D. J. Mahoney, 1895; Anton Schultz, 1896-97; Peter Chadek, 1897- 1900; M. M. Ross, 1900-01; F. A. Michaelson, 1901- 02; A. M. Arveson, 1902-05; G. 0. Palmiter, 1905-22 (term unexpired). CITY TREASURERS. R. H. McMullen, 1885-86; J. W. Wines, 1886-87-88- 89; George Schutz, 1889-90; L. D. Dana, 1890-91; D. W. Keen, 1892-93; John McCarthy, 1893-94; D. Cle- ments, 1894-95-96; H. A. Friedeman, 1897-98; John Wagner, 1899-1900; J. J. Laughlin, 1900-02; Edward Cody, 1902-04; John Rezek, 1904-11; Frank Dvorak, 1911-22 (term unexpired). CITY CIVIL ENGINEERS. B. F. Dorr, 1891-1910; Alex Deleglise, 1910-12; Henry 01k, 1912-16; N. H. Smith, 1916-17; Alex Deleglise, 1917-22; F. Quimby, 1922. CITY SEALER OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. C. S. Leykom, 1914-20; Alex Deleglise, 1920-22 (resigned). CITY HEALTH OFFICERS. Dr. I. D. Steffen, 1889; Dr. J. F. Doyle, 1891; Dr. J. H. Dawley. 1891; Dr. J. F. Doyle, 1892-93; Dr. I. D. Steffen, 1893-94-95; Dr. T. L. Harrington, 1896; Dr. M. J. Lower, 1897; Dr. I. D. Steffen, 1898; Dr. M. J. Lower, 1899; Dr. T. L. Harrington, 1900-01; Dr. F. V. Watson, 1902-03-04-05; Dr. G. C. Williamson, 1905-06; Dr. G. L. Bellis, 1906-07-08; Dr. G. W. Moore, 1908-12; Dr. J. C. Wright, 1912-14; Dr. G. W. Moore, 1914-20; Dr. L. A. Steffen, 1920-22 (term unexpired). CITY ATTORNEYS. W. F. White, 1889-90; F. J. Finucane, 1890-91-92; W. F. White, 1893-94; C. W. Deane, 1894-95; F. J. Finucane, 1896-97; Max Hoffman, 1898-99-1900-02- 03; Henry Hay, 1903-04-05; E. A. Morse, 1905-06- 07; 0. G. Erickson, 1907-08; S. J. McMahon, 1908-10- 12; H. F. Morson, 1912-14; R. C. Smelker, 1914; Geo. J. Bowler, 1914; F. J. Finucane, 1914; Charles Avery, 1914-20; R. C. Dempsey, 1920-22 (term unexpired.) 106 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. PRESIDENT OF BOARD OF ALDERMEN. George Clithero, 1885-86; D. W. Keen, 1886-87; L. Mendlik, 1887-88-89; W. H. Dawley, 1889-90; J. E. Martin, 1891-92; T. D. Kellogg, 1893-94; A. M. Lan- ning. 1895-96; James McKenna, 1897-98; T. D. Kel- logg, 1898-99-1900-02-03; Leonard Freiburger, Sr., 1903-04; W. F. White, 1904-05; James McKenna, 1906-07; James Steber, 1910-12. (Automatically dis- pensed of when government by commission was adopt- ed.) CITY MARSHALS. W. L. Crocker, 1885-86; E. McKenna, 1887-88-89 T. H. Robbins, 1889-93; Peter O'Connor, 1893-94 Frank Cunningham, 1895-96; John McArthur, 1896-97 A. M. Boll, 1898-99-1900; John McArthur, 1902-06 George Drake, 1906-08; William Coblentz, 1908-22 (present incumbent). JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Eli Waste, E. R. Colton, L. Mendlik, 1885; J. Wines, Eli Waste, E. R. Colton, 1885-86-87; E. A. Challoner, 1888-89; D. S. Olmsted, E. R. Colton, A. D. Rice, 1889-91; J. Wines, A. D. Rice, John O'Hara, 1891; W. F. Bowman, 1892; W. C. Peterson, A. D. Rice, James Smolk, 1895-96; W. C. Hill, W. C. Peterson, A. O. Reed, 1897; J. V.'. Wines, L. K. Strong, 1898; Ed Peterson, John Ber.ishek, A. D. Rice, 1893; J. E. Buck- man, 1900; A. D. Rice, J. W. Merrill, A. L. Ross, 1901- 02; Henry Berr.er, 190^-06; A. D. Rice, John Benishek, John Merrill, 1903-04; B. W. Rynders, Charles Raess, 1905-06; Charles Raess, G. C. Dickenser, 1907-09; Charles Raess, John Benishek, 1910-11-12; W. S. Carr, 1913-20; John Benishek, 1914-22 inclusive. ASSESSORS. Frank M. Sherman, 1885-86; Ed Daskam, 1887-88; Frank Allen, 1888-89; James Porter, Joseph Duchac, 1889-90; J. N. Kiefer, John Benishek, 1891; J. H. Por- ter, Joseph Duchac, 1892; A. B. Hanks, Charles Dall- man, 1893; J. H. Porter, Joseph Duchac, 1896; A. M. Miller, John McGreer, 1897; Charles Dallman, John Menting, 1898; A. M. Miller, John Hafner, Joseph Duchac, 1899; J. W. Allerton, 1899; J. Hafner, Joseph Duchac, 1900; John McGreer, A. M. Miller, 1901; W. C. Hill, Henry Mitchell, 1903-04; John Benishek, 1904; George French, John Benishek, 1906-08; Edward La Londe, James Mitchell, 1908-10; John Menting, George Bemis, 1910-12; John Menting, Alex Rodgers. 1913- 14; John Menting, 1914-1922. CITY STREET COMMISSIONERS. First Ward, Chas. Teipner; Second Ward, Dennis McCarthy; Third Ward, Edward Boyle; Fourth Ward, John Riede, 1885; First Ward, Chas. Teipner; Second Ward, Jos. Firminhac; Third Ward, Edward Luce; Fourth Ward, John Riede, 1886; First Ward, Chas. Teipner; Second Ward, Jos. Firminhac; Third Ward, John Riede; First Ward, E. Newberry; Second Ward, Chas. Teipner; Third Ward, James Brennan; Fourth Ward, John Mader; Fifth Ward, P. Fishback; Sixth Ward, Chas. O'Connor, 1889; First Ward, B. Stage; Second Ward, Chas. Teipner; Third Ward, Chas. Clif- ford; Fourth Ward, Edward Boyle; 1890; L. Corrigan, 1893-1905; J. E. Barker, 1905; L. Corrigan, 1905-07; H. Byrnes, 1908-12; Charles McCandless, 1912-14; Henry 01k, 1914; Fred Schmeisser, 1920-22. CHIEFS OF ANTIGO PAID FIRE DEPARTMENT. G. O. Palmiter, 1902-04; Daniel Leonard, 1904-05- 06; F. Ebert, 1907-12; Elwin Billings, 1912-22. ALDERMEN, CITY OF ANTIGO, 1885-1914. Supervisors served as Aldermen of the city as we'l as on the County Board. Therefore the Supervisors are not listed again with the Aldermen herewith giv- en, but are recorded separately. Aldermen from 1885 to 1914 when the government by commission was in- stituted were : First Ward, P. A. Robinson, Louis Novotny; Second Ward, George C'ithero, P. A. Koel- zer; Third Ward, D. W. Keen, John Saxe; Fourth Ward, C. Taubner, G. C. Williams— 1885. First Ward, W. F. Bowman; Second Ward, J. S. Clancey, Ben Spen- cer; Third Ward, N. Boll; Fourth Ward, S. E. Leslie— 1886. First Ward, Louis Novotny; Second Ward, W. F. Bowman; Third Ward, F. C. Meyers; Fourth Ward, F. Randall— 1887. First Ward, lohn Thursby; Second Ward, J. Weinfeldt; Third Ward, Wm. B. Johns; Fourth Ward, C. Becklirger; Fiah Ward, P. J. Koel- zer— 1888-89. First Ward, Gabe Kaplane't; Second Ward, H. C. Humphrey; Third Ward, M. F. Crowe; Fourth Ward, C. F. Dallman; Fifth Ward, W. C. Peter- son; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger — 1889. First Ward, J. Wines; Second Ward, H. C. Humphrey; Third Ward, M. F. Crowe; Fourth Ward, Jas. B. Mc- Cormick; Fifth Ward. C. M. Beattie; Sixth Ward, M. McNeil— 1890. First Ward, W. S. Morgan; Second Ward, Charles Teipner; Third Ward, John Kevin; Fourth Ward, F. C. Meyer; Fifth Ward, George Perry; Sixth Ward, Samuel Roake— 1891. First Ward, P. J. Millard; Second Ward, J. E. Buckman; Third Ward, R. Rice; Fourth Ward, C. F. Pohlman; Fifth Ward, George P. Perry; Sixth Ward, Ed Gunnon— 1892-93. First Ward, Ed. Cleary; Second Ward, A. M. Lanning; Third Ward, M. F. Crowe; Fourth Ward, Fred Ebert; Fifth Ward, G. O. Palmiter; Sixth Ward, C. 0. Marsh —1893-94. First Ward, F. P. Ver Bryck; Second Ward, A. M. Lanning; Third Ward, John Folk; Fourth Ward, Fred Ebert; Fifth Ward, F. C. Meyer, A. Mil- lard; Sixth Ward, James Clements— 1895-96. First Ward, F. P. Ver Bryck; Second Ward, Henry Findei- sen; Third Ward, D. Driscoll ; Fourth Ward, William Yentz; Fifth Ward, J. C. Phelps; Sixth Ward, J. J. Laughlin— 1896. First Ward, F. P. Ver Bryck; Sec- ond Ward, A. R. Billings; Third Ward, D. Driscoll; Fourth Ward, William Yentz; Fifth Ward, J. C. Phelps; Sixth Ward, J. J. Laughlin— 1897. First Ward, Louis Beyer; Second Ward, A. R. Billings; Third Ward, J. Below; Fourth Ward, A. P. Church; HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 107 Fifth Ward, F. C. Meyer; Sixth Ward, William Ber- r.er— 1898. First Ward, F. P. Ver Bryck; Second Ward, M. F. Crowe; Third Ward, Frank Wagner; Fourth Ward, Theodore Kupper; Fifth Ward, Carl Krause; Sixth Ward, Henry Mitchell— 1899. First Ward, F. P. Ver Bryck; Second Ward, J. W. AUerton; Third Ward, Julius Below; Fourth Ward, Leo Hittle; Fifth Ward, Carl Krause; Sixth Ward, N. R. Bab- cock — 1900. First Ward, Wm. Carrier; Second Ward, J. W. Allerton; Third Ward, R. M. Briggs; Fourth Ward, George Basl; Fifth Ward, H. Brecklin; Sixth Ward, John Rezek— 1901-02. First Ward, F. P. Ver Bryck; Second Ward, M. F. Crowe; Third Ward, J. J. Tessar; Fourth Ward, Theodore Kupper; Fifth Ward, John Benishek; Sixth Ward, John 01k— 1902-03. First Ward, F. P. Ver Bryck; Second Ward, M. F. Crowe; Third Ward, Herman Schlundt; Fourth Ward, Theo- dore Kupper; Fifth Ward, John Benishek; Sixth Ward, John 01k— 1903-04. First Ward, George French; Sec- ond Ward, Fred Moses; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, Hugh Byrne; Fifth Ward, G. O. Palmi- ter; Sixth Ward, John 01k— 1904-05. First Ward, F. P. Ver Bryck; Second Ward, Fred W. Bauter; Third Ward, Frank Glugla; Fourth Ward, George Basl; Fifth Ward, George Drake; Sixth Ward, John 01k— 1905- 06. First Ward, J. H. Hopkins; Second Ward, H. A. Baldwin; Third Ward, James McCormick; Fourth Ward, Leo Hittle; Fifth Ward, W. E. Butterfield; Sixth Ward, Jos. Wirig- 1906-07. First Ward, R. M. Kutch- ins; Second Ward, John McGreer; Third Ward, James McCormick; Fourth Ward, Leo Hittle; Fifth Ward, J. W. Pitcher; Sixth Ward, Joseph Wirig— 1907-08. First Ward, John Ainsworth; Second Ward, John McGreer; Third Ward, James F. McCormick; Fourth Ward, Leo Hittle; Fifth Ward, J. W. Pitcher; Sixth Ward, Joseph Wirig— 1908-09. First Ward, J. W. Hopkins; Second Ward, Joseph Dubois; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fifth Ward, J. G. Kou- delka; Sixth Ward, B. W. Rynders— 1909. First Ward, R. Healy, Sr. ; Second Ward, Lee Waste; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fifth Ward, J. Herman; Sixth Ward, John A. Ogden— 1910. First Ward, Walter Guile; Second Ward, Lee Waste; Third Ward, James Steber; Fouth Ward, Harvey Nel- son; Fifth Ward, T. J. Roberts; Sixth Ward, Joseph Wirig— 1911. First Ward, Walter Guile; Second Ward, John McGreer; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, Harvey Nelson; Fifth Ward, V. O'Con- nor; Sixth Ward, Joseph Wirig — 1912. First Ward, R. Healy, Sr. ; Second Ward, John McGreer; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, Harvey Nelson; Fifth Ward, V. O'Connor; Sixth Ward, Joseph Wirig — 1913. First Ward, R. Healy, Sr.; Second Ward, John McGreer; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, Frank Reindl; Fifth Ward, Charles Tuma; Sixth Ward, Joseph Wirig — 1914. (Government by Commission adopted by referen- dum vote of people, thus abolishing Aldermanic sys- tem of government after 29 years' service.) WARD SUPERVISORS, CITY OF ANTIGO, 1885-1922. Supervisors of the various wards of Antigo since 1885, when the city was incorporated, were as follows: First Ward, J. C. Lewis; Second Ward, E. Daskam; Third Ward, W. H. Dawley; Fourth Ward, E. R. Van Buren — 1885. First Ward, J. C. Lewis; Second Ward, Ed Daskam; Third Ward, W. H. Dawley; Fourth Ward, N. Bangs— 1886. First Ward, A. B. Millard; Second Ward, J. E. Martin; Third Ward, A. L. Ross; Fourth Ward, W. H. Dawley; Fifth Ward, S. E. Les- lie — 1887. First Ward, George L. Schintz; Second Ward, George W. Latta; Third Ward, J. B. McCor- mick; Fourth Ward, W. H. Dawley; Filth Ward, S. E. Leslie— 1888. First Ward, George W. Hill; Second Ward, G. W. Latta; Third Ward, Joseph Fermanich; Fourth Ward, J. B. McCormick; Fifth Ward, W. H. Dawley; Sixth Ward, H. A. Kohl— 1889. First Ward, Edward Cleary; Second Ward, R. H. McMuUen; Third Ward, A. McMillan; Fourth Ward, J. B. McCormick; Fifth Ward, W. H. Dawley; Sixth Ward, S. E. Les- lie— 1890. First Ward, R. J. Morgan; Second Ward, J. E. Martin; Third Ward, W. B. Johns; Fourth Ward, M. M. Ross; Fifth Ward, J. L. Klock; Sixth Ward, S. E. Leslie— 1891. First Ward, George W. Hill; Second Ward, I. D. Steffen; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, A. P. Church; Fifth Ward, J. L. Klock; Sixth Ward, M. A. McNeil— 1892. First Ward, T. D. Kellogg; Second Ward, J. C. Lewis; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, J. McKenna; Fifth Ward, A. M. Millard; Sixth Ward, H. G. Borgman— 1893. First Ward, T. D. Kellogg; Second Ward, J. C. Lewis; Third Ward, J. Nickle; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fifth Ward, John Benishek; Sixth Ward, H. G. Borg- man — 1894. First Ward, W. S. Morgan; Second Ward, L. K. Strong; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, M. V. Elliott; Fifth Ward, A. M. Millard; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr. — 1895. First Ward, P. J. Koelzer; Second Ward, Charles Teipner; Third Ward, A. McMillan; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fifth Ward, G. O. Palmiter; Sixth Ward, L. Freiburg- er, Sr.— 1896-97. First Ward, T. D. Kellogg; Second Ward, J. L. Klock; Third Ward, George Schafer; Fourth Ward, Frank Reindl; Fifth Ward, James Mc- Hale; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr.— 1898-99. First Ward, T. D. Kellogg; Second Ward, John Mc- Greer; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, Fred Ebert; Fifth Ward, John Kestly; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr.— 1900-01. First Ward, C. E. Hen- shaw; Second Ward, Charles Teipner; Third Ward, W. B. Johns; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fifth Ward, J. C. Phelps; Sixth Ward, L. Freiburger, Sr. — 1901-02. First Ward, Louis Beyer; Second Ward, G. W. Hill; Third Ward, J. J. Tessar; Fourth Ward, F. Riendl; Fifth Ward, J. Schlemmer; Sixth Ward, L. Freiburger, Sr.— 1903-04. First Ward, W. F. White; Second Ward, W. J. Knott; Third Ward, Edgar Neff; Fourth Ward, F. Riendl; Fifth Ward, L. D. Hartford; Sixth Ward, Thomas Morrissey — 1904-05. First Ward, J. J. French; Second Ward, R. Koebke; Third Ward, Edgar Neff; Fourth Ward, M. M. Ross; Fifth Ward, R. J. Morgan; Sixth Ward, L. Freiburger, Sr.^ — 1905- 06. First Ward, J. J. French; Second Ward, R. Koeb- ke; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, James 108 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. McKenna; Fifth Ward, Thomas Schmitz; Sixth Ward, J. L. Klock, 1906-07. First Ward, J. J. French; Second Ward, R. Koebke; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fifth Ward, Thomas Schmitz; Sixth Ward, J. L. Klock— 1907-08. First Ward, J. H. Hopkins; Second Ward, Joseph Dubois; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fifth Ward, H. A. Friedeman; Sixth Ward, B. W. Rynders —1908-09. First Ward, R. Healy, Sr.; Second Ward, John McGreer; Third Ward, Julius Below; Fourth Ward, Frank Riendl; Fifth Ward, G. J. Buchen; Sixth Ward, Joseph Wirig— 1909-10. First Ward, Walter Guile; Second Ward, John McGreer; Third Ward, Jul- ius Below; Fourth Ward, Frank Riendl; Fifth Ward, T. J. Roberts; Sixth Ward, Joseph Wirig— 1910-11. First Ward, Richard Healy, Sr. ; Second Ward, John McGreer; Third Ward, Julius Below; Fourth Ward, Frank Riendl; Fifth Ward, Charles Tuma; Sixth Ward, J. J. Laughlin— 1911-12. First Ward, Walter Guile; Second Ward, Lee Waste; Third Ward, Julius Below; Fourth Ward, Frank Riendl; Filth Ward, Charles Tuma; Sixth Ward, J. J. Laughlin— 1912-13. First Ward, W. A. Maertz; Second Ward, Lee Waste; Third Ward, Julius Below; Fourth Ward, Frank Riendl; Fifth Ward, Charles Tuma; Sixth Ward, J. J. Laughlin — 1913-14. First Ward, W. A. Maertz; Second Ward, H. A. Baldwin; Third Ward, Julius Below; Fourth Ward, A. L. Lauby; Fifth Ward, L. D. Hartford; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr. — 1914-15. First Ward, Rich- ard Healy, Sr. ; Second Ward, Lee Waste; Third Ward, Julius Below; Fourth Ward, A. L. Lauby; Fifth Ward, L. D. Hartford; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr. —1915-16. First Ward, R. E. Krause; Second Ward, H. A. Baldwin; Third Ward, Julius Below; Fourth Ward, A. L. Lauby; Fifth Ward, Charles Tuma; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr. — 1916-17. First Ward, Richard Healy, Sr. ; Second Ward, H. A. Baldwin; Third Ward, Joseph Stengl ; Fourth Ward, A. L. Lau- by; Fifth Ward, Charles Tuma; Sixth Ward, L. Frei- burger, Sr.— 1917-18. First Ward, R. Healy, Sr.; Sec- ond Ward, H. A. Baldwin; Third Ward, Joseph Stengl; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fixth Ward, Charles Tuma; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr. — 1918-19. First Ward, Richard Healy, Sr.; Second Ward, H. A. Baldwin; Third Ward, Joseph Stengl; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fifth Ward, Charles Tuma; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr. — 1919-20. First Ward, Richard Healy, Sr. ; Second Ward, H. A. Baldwin; Third Ward, Joseph Stengl; Fourth Ward, James Mc- Kenna; Fifth Ward, L. D. Hartford; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr.— 1920-21. First Ward, Rich- ard Healy, Sr. ; Second Ward, L. A. Maier; Third Ward, James Steber; Fourth Ward, James McKenna; Fifth Ward, L. D. Hartford; Sixth Ward, Leonard Freiburger, Sr.— 1921-22. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 109 CHAPTER XXIV. Original Charter of the City of Antigo Ward Boundaries — Four Wards — Elective Officers — The First Election — General Elections — Pow- ers and Duties of the Common Council — Poll Tax — Oificers — Their Duties and Powers — Ordi- nances — Procedure for Violation of Ordinances — Schools — Streets — The General Charter of 1905. The original charter of the city of Antigo is to the citizens of Antigo what the Declaration of Independ- ence is to the nation at large or what the constitution of Wisconsin is to the citizens of the state in general. The original charter of the city of Antigo is the very foundation upon which the city was created. The gov- ernment of Antigo has and continues to be, in most- respects, in accord with this original document. As a matter of record the complete charter is given here- with. THE ORIGINAL CHARTER OF THE CITY OF ANTIGO. CHAPTER I. Section 1. All that district of territory in the Coun- ty of Langlade hereinafter described shall be a city by the name of Antigo, and the people now inhabiting and those who shall inhabit said district, shall be a municipal corporation by the name of Antigo, and shall have the general powers possessed by municipal cor- porations at common law, and in addition thereto shall have and possess the powers hereinafter specifically granted, and the authorities thereof shall have perpet- ual succession, and shall be capable of contracting and being contracted with, suing and being sued, plead- ing and being impleaded in all courts of law and equi- ty, and shall have a common seal and may change and alter the same at pleasure. Section 2. All the district of the county included in section number twenty-nine, in township number thirty- one north, of range eleven east of the fourth principal meridian, and also the east one-half of section number thirty, in township number thirty-one north, of range eleven east of the fourth principal meridian. CHAPTER II. WARD BOUNDARIES. Section 1. The city of Antigo shall be divided into four wards, as follows : First Ward. — The first ward shall comprise all that part of section number twenty-nine aforesaid, which lies north of the center line of Fifth Avenue, prolong- ed to the east line of said section, and east of the center line of Clermont Street, prolonged to the north line of said section. Second Ward. — The Second Ward shall comprise all of the northeast quarter of section number thirty afore- said, with all that part of section number twenty-nine which lies north of the center line of Fifth Avenue, and west of the center line of Clermont Street, prolonged to the north line of said section. Third Ward. — The Third Ward shall comprise all the southeast quarter of section number thirty aforesaid with all that part of section number twenty-nine, which lies north of the center line of Fifth Avenue, and west of the center line of Clermont Street. Fourth Ward. — The Fourth Ward shall comprise all that part of section number twenty-nine aforesaid which lies south of the center line of Fifth Avenue, pro- longed to the east line of said section, and east of the center line of Clermont Street. CHAPTER III. ELECTIVE OFFICERS. Section 1. The elective officers of the said city shall be a mayor, clerk, treasurer, assessor, one school com- missioner, and three justices of peace, from the city at large, and two aldermen, two school commissioners, one supervisor, and one street commissioner from each ward. Section 2. All the officers elected from the city at large, except justices of the peace, shall hold their of- fices for one year, or until their successors are elected and qualified. Justices of the peace shall hold their offices for two years. Section 3. All the elective officers from the city at large, and the aldermen, school commissioners and su- pervisors from each ward, shall be qualified voters, electors and freeholders in said city, and the ward officers shall be freeholders in the ward where elected. Section 4. The school commissioners from the sev- eral wards and aldermen shall hold their offices for two years, and the street commissioner and supervisor for one year. Section 5. At the first election in said city one of the aldermen and one of the school commissioners in each ward shall be elected for one year, and one for two years, the ballots to designate the term of office of each. Thereafter at the annual municipal election each ward shall elect one alderman and one school commissioner, who shall hold their respective office for two years. Section 6. Whenever a vacancy occurs in the office of mayor, aldermen or justices, each or such vacancy shall be filled by a new election, which shall be ordered by the common council within ten days after such va- cancy shall occur. Any vacancy happening in any of- no HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. fice shall be filled by the comnnon cour.cil. The person elect to fill in any such vacancy shall hold the of- fice and discharge the duties thereof for the unexpired term, and shall be subject to the same liabilities as the person whose office he may be elected or appointed to fill. Section 7. Every officer or agent, who shall be ap- pointed by the common council, may be summarily removed, by a vote of two-thirds of all of the members of the common council elect, and the office declared vacant. No other officer shall be removed from office, except for good cause, nor unless furnished with charges, and an opportunity given such officer to be heard in his defense. The common council shall have power to compel any and all persons in said city to ap- pear before it and testify, in any hearing or proceed- ing instituted to remove from office any officer men- tioned in this act, or any agent under said city govern- ment for any violation of duty, or of any provisions of this act, or of any ordinarxe, resolution rule, order, regulation, or by-law of the common council of said city, either of omission or commission and such viola- tion shall be cause for removal, and to revoke and va- cate any license granted under this act, and for that purpose said council may make its order command- ing. The person or persons therein named to appear before it and testify, which order shall be certified by the clerk of the said city, under the corporate seal thereof, and personally served on the person or persons therein named by delivering to each a true copy thereof, and for the purpose of com- pelling such appearance before it, and the giving of the testimony on such hearing or proceeding the said com- mon council is hereby vested with the same power and authority possessed by any court of record in this state, and any violation or disobedience to the com- mands or requirements of a subpoena issued out of any court of record in this state. The common council shall proceed to said hearing within ten days •from the service of the charges upon the officers as charged, and may adjourn from time to time, as may be deemed necessary and if such officer neglects to ap- pear and answer to such charges, or if such charges are sustained, then the common council may, by a two- thirds vote of the whole council, remove such officer and declare such office vacant. ELIGIBILITY TO OFFICE AND QUALIFICA- TIONS OF OFFICERS. Section 8. No person shall be eligible to any office of said city unless he shall be a resident elector of said city, nor to any of the ward offices, unless he be a resi- dent elector and freeholder of the ward for which such officer is to be chosen, and otherwise qualified to per- form the duties of office to which he may be elected or appointed; and whenever any person, elected to any city office, shall remove from the city or any ward offi- cer shall be removed from the ward in which he holds office, he shall be deemed thereby to have vacated his office. Section 9. Every person elected or appointed to any office of said city or the wards thereof shall, before, he enters upon the duties thereof, take and subscribe the oath of office required by the constitution of the state, before some proper officer, and file the same with the city clerk, within ten days after notification of election. Section 10. The city clerk, city treasurer, city mar- shal, justices of the peace, and such other officers as the common council may direct, shall severally, be- fore they enter upon the duties of their respective of- fices, execute to the city of Antigo, a bond, with at least two sufficient sureties, which bond shall contain such penal sum and such conditions as the common council shall prescribe. Such bonds, together with the affidavits of the sureties hereinafter provided, shall be filed with the city clerk and recorded in books in his office for that purpose. Section 11. Sufficiency of the snreties upon bonds, provided for in the next preceding section, may be de- termined by the affidavits of the sureties, severally taken, in which affidavits it shall appear that said sure- ties, in the aggregate, are worth, in property, over and above all debts, exemptions and liabilities, the penal amount of such bond, or the common council may, in any other manner, aside from the affidavits of such sureties, determine their responsibility and sufficiency, and either accept or reject such sureties, or require other additional sureties. Section 12. The common council shall, at any and all times, have the power to require other or addition- al official bonds, over or additional sureties thereof, at any time during the official term of any officer of said city. Section 13. Every person elected or appointed to any office in said city, who shall neglect to take and file with the city clerk his oath of office, as herein required, or neglect to file his official bond as provid- ed by this act, or as may be required by the common council, within ten days after notification of election or appointment, such office shall be deemed vacant, and the vacancy shall be filed as provided in this act. Section 14. No member of the council shall be ac- cepted as surety upon any bond, note or obligation made to the city. Section 15. No alderman or member of the com- mon council, while holding office, shall be appointed to, or be competent to hold any office, of which the compensation is paid by the city. CHAPTER IV. FIRST ELECTION. Section 1. The first election for said city of An- tigo, for the election of city officers, shall be held in the respective wards of said city, on the first Tues- day in April, 1885, as follows: 1. The polls of the election for the first ward shall be held at the lumber office of Clithero & Strong, on Superior Street, at which election H. G. Borgman, R. H. McMullen and A. B. Millard, shall, if present, be the inspectors thereof. 2. The polls of the election for the second ward HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Ill shall be held at Spencer's Hall on Fifth Avenue, at which election B. F. Dorr, J. E. Mullowney and J. E. Clancey shall, if present, be the inspectors thereof. 3. The polls of the election for the Third Ward shall be held at Sherman & Dawley's office, on Fifth Avenue, at which election F. M. Sherman, August Schoepke, and Gilbert Bacon shall, if present, be in- spectors thereof. 4. The polls of election for the Fourth Ward shall be held at the office of L. Mendlik, on Superior Street, at which, election L. Mendlik, James Porter, and J. Herman shall, if present, be the inspectors thereof. Section 2. The polls shall be opened in each of said wards at nine o'clock in the forenoon, and be kept open continuously until five o'clock in the evening. Section 3. The inspectors present at the opening of the polls shall appoint two suitable and competent persons to act as clerks of election. Section 4. The inspectors and clerks of election in each of said wards shall take the oath of office, and in all things be governed by the several laws of the state for holding and conducting election and shall without adjournmert publicly canvass the votes cast in their wards for the different offices and propositions voted for and make, sign and seal a statement in writing of the number of votes cast for each candidate and for and against any proposition voted for, and announce the result. Section 5. H. G. Borgman, from the First Ward, B. F. Dorr, from the Second Ward, August Shoepke, from the Third Ward, and L. Mendlik from the Fourth Ward, shall constitute a city board of canvassers to canvass the vote of said election, shall meet at the office of L. Mendlik on the Tliarsday after election, at nine A. M. in said city, and there publicly canvass and count the votes cast in each of said wards for the officers to be elected, and shall then and there publicly announce the result of said election and issue and sign dupli- cate certificates of election, declaring and naming the persons elected to each of the offices required by this charter. One of said certificates shall be delivered to the person elected, city clerk, and the other to the clerk of the county board of supervisors of Langlade County, to be there filed and preserved in that office. Section 6. The town clerk of the town of Antigo shall give notice of said first election by publication thereof in two newspapers published in the city of Antigo, for two weeks next preceding the holding thereof, and the inspectors named in this act shall post, or cause to be posted, in three public places in each ward, a notice of the time and place of holding said election, at least ten days before election. CHAPTER V. GENERAL ELECTIONS. Section 1. The annual municipal election of said city shall be held on the first Tuesday of April, in each year, for which purpose one place in each ward shall be procured and designated as election polls, by the aldermen of the proper ward, and notice shall be given by the said aldermen for at least ten days prior to said election by publication in two newspapers, if there be so many printed in said city, and by posting the same in three conspicuous places in each ward, which notices shall be signed by the aldermen of the ward in which the same are to be posted, and shall des- ignate the time and place where the polls will be open- ed. Section 2. All male inhabitants of said city, who shall have resided therein for thirty days next pre- ceding any election therein, and who are otherwise qualified to vote under the general laws of the state, shall be entitled to vote at such election, in the ward in which he lives. Section 3. The aldermen in each ward and the su- pervisor therein, shall be the inspectors of all elec- tions held in said city, and at the opening of the polls therein, at the general or special election the inspectors present shall appoint the clerk or clerks of election. Section 4. All general or special elections held in Eaid city shall be held and conducted, and the votes canvassed, sealed and returned in all respects under and in accordance with the general laws of the state. And the inspectors and clerks of said elections shall possess the same powers and authority as are prescrib- ed by the general laws of the state in regard to elec- tions. Section 5. The polls of election in each ward, shall be kept open from nine o'clock in the morning until five o'clock in the evening, without intermission or ad- journment, and when the polls shall have been closed, the inspectors, without adjourning, shall canvass the votes received at such polls, and make returns thereof in writing, duly signed, stating therein the number of votes received for each person for a designated office, and the whole number of votes received, and such re- turns shall be by them delivered together, with the oaths of the inspectors and clerks, and the polls lists kept by them to the city clerk, to be filed in his office within twenty-four hours after closing the polls. Section 6. All elections shall be by ballot; a plural- ity of votes shall constitute an election and the names of all officers voted for shall be upon the ballot. Section 7. Except as herein otherwise provided, so far as the same are applicable, all of the laws relat- ing to general elections, as to the qualifications of elec- tors, the manner in which election shall be conducted, the making of poll lists, and returns, and the punish- ment of illegal or fraudulent voting, or attempting to vote and for fraudulent or illegal returns and any other fraud or wrong designated under the general election laws, shall apply to all elections provided for by this act. Section 8. On Thursday next after the elections herein provided for in each year, at 7.30 o'clock P. M., the common council shall meet at the council rooms in said city and the returns of the inspectors of the vari- ous wards shall be produced by the city clerk where- upon the common council shall forthwith canvass and returns determine and declare, by the greater number of votes appearing by said returns to have been cast at said election, who are elected for each of the city 112 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. and ward offices as were voted for, or any other or either of them, and the council shall thereupon cause a report of such determination to be made and entered upon the minutes of said determination, the city clerk shall cause certificates of election to be served upon the persons so declared to be elected personally, or by depositing the same, enclosed in an envelope, with the postage paid and properly directed, provided, that the city clerk shall at the same time certify to the clerk of the circuit court the names of the persons so elected justices of the peace, and all officers authorized to administer oaths and take acknowledgements of in- struments in writing and the terms for which they were respectively elected when they have qualified. Section 9. When two or more candidates for an elective office, shall receive an equal number of votes for the same office, the election shall be determined by casting lots, in the presence of the common courcil at such time and in such manner as said council may di- rect. Section 10. Every justice of the peace elected or appointed by virtue of this act, shall file such oath of office and bond necessary to qualify, before entering upon the discharge of the duties of such office, as is prescribed by the general statutes for such officers in the several towns. Section 11. Upon the filing the oath of office and the filing and approval by the common council of any kind by any officer of the city, as in this act required, the city clerk shall, upon demand, execute and deliver to the persons so entitled a certificate of his election and qualifications to the office to which he has been elected or appointed. Section 12. In addition to the amount herein lim- ited for taxes for general city purposes special taxes may be levied for the purchase of fire engines, ceme- tery grounds, public square and other objects of public utility; but no such tax shall be levied, unless the same shall first be recommended by the common coun- cil and afterwards submitted to a vote of the people, and approved by them. Whenever the council shall recommend such a tax, it shall specify the amount to be raised and the object thereof and cause notice there- of, and of the time and the place of voting thereon, to be published in the same manner as in case of the an- nual city election. Section 13. At such special elections so called, no such special tax shall be raised or levied unless the whole number of votes cast shall equal two-thirds of the whole number of votes cast in said city at the last preceding municipal election; nor unless two-thirds of the votes cast at such special election shall have been cast in favor of the tax so voted for. Section 14. At each special election no person shall be entitled to vote unless he be a freeholder in said city. CHAPTER VI. POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE COMMON COUNCIL. Section 1. The municipal government of said cor- poration shall consist of a common council, composed of the mayor and the two aldermen from each ward. The common council shall annually meet on the first Monday after the annual municipal election, at 7 o'clock P. M. and at such other times, not less than once in each month, as it shall by resolution appoint. The mayor, or in his absence or inability to act, the presi- dent of the council, for any good reason, may call spe- cial meetings by notice to each of the members, to be served personally, or left at their usual place of abode by the city clerk. The common council at any regu- lar or special meeting shall have power to adjourn the same to such time as it may deem proper. Section 2. It shall be the duty of the common council at said first meeting to elect by ballot, one of its members president of the council. Section 3. The mayor, when present, shall preside at all meetings of the common council, and in his ab- sence or inability so to do the president of the com- mon council shall preside. Section 4. In the absence of the mayor, and presi- dent of the common council, the aldermen present, if there be a quorum shall elect one of its members as president protem, of the common council who shall have and possess all the powers of mayor while so pre- siding. Section 5. In the proceedings of the common coun- cil each member present, including the mayor, shall be entitled to a vote; but no appropriations nor appoint- ments to office, shall be made except by the vote of a majority of all the members elect. Section 6. The common council shall determine the rules of its proceedings not inconsistent with any of the provisions of this act. A majority of the mem- bers elect shall constitute a quorum for the transac- tion of business, and may compel the attendance of absent members, and in case of the refusal of absent members to attend for three successive meetings, the common council may declare the office of the member so refusing, vacant. Section 7. If required by one member present at any meeting of the common council, the vote upon any ordinance, resolution, or question pending before each meeting, except the appointment of officers, shall, when taken, be taken, by the yeas and nays of all the mem- bers present, and a record of such vote shall be entered at large in the minutes of the common council. Section 8. The common council shall have the pow- er, from time to time, to require other and further du- ties to be performed by any officer, whose duties are herein prescribed, and to prescribe the duties of such other officers as may be appointed, whose duties are not herein prescribed. Section 9. The common council shall have the gen- eral control of all the property, both real and personal, belonging to the city. Section 10. The common council shall also have power to organize a board of health, and to provide measures for the preservation of health of the inhabi- tants of said city, and to prevent the spread of in- fection or pestilential diseases therein. The board of health shall consist of the junior alderman of each HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 113 ward, the mayor, who shall be its president; each mem- ber of the board of health shall have power and per- form such duties as the common council, by ordinances or otherwise, shall direct. The city clerk shall be ex- official clerk of the board of health. The common council may, by ordinances, authorize the board of health, or any member thereof, to make and enforce such orders, rules and regulations not inconsistent with the charter of any ordinance of said city as they shall deem most effectual for the preservation of the public health; but no order, rule or regulation of said board, imposing a penalty, shall take effect and be in force until the same shall have been published in a news- paper published in said city, as required for the publi- cation of ordinances. Section 11. The common council shall have the power to make, modify and repeal such ordinance, res- olutions, regulations, or by-laws as may be necessary to carry into full effect all the powers conferred upon it by this act. In every such ordinance, resolutions, regu- lations, or by-laws passed by said council, it may im- pose such penalty for the violation thereof, any part thereof, by fine, not exceeding two hundred dollars, and if not paid with the costs, by imprisonment in the county jail for Langlade County, not exceeding six months, or by imprisonment in any other place pro- vided by the common council for the detention or im- prisonment and punishment of persons committing of- fenses, not exceeding three months, and shall have power by such ordinances, resolutions, regulations, or by-laws and with such penalties aforesaid; 1. To preserve peace and good order, and to re- strain and prevent vice, immorality and every kind of fraudulent device and practice. 2. To restrain, prevent and suppress, houses of ill- fame, and all places of prostitution, and disorderly and gambling houses, billiard tables, and all instruments and devices for gambling, and to authorize the des- truction and demolition of all instruments used for this purpose of gambling, and to punish the occu- pants and frequenters of such houses and places, and to prohibit the occupation of any room, building, or any part thereof, within said city, for that purpose. 3. To restrain and punish vagrants, mendicants, street beggars, drunkards, and persons soliciting alms, keepers of houses of ill-fame, common prostitutes, bawds, and disorderly persons, and to prevent drunken- ness and disorderly and immoral conduct, and obsceni- ty in public places and streets, and to provide for ar- resting, removing and punishing any persons or per- sons who may be guilty of the same. 4. To prevent any riots, noises, or public disturb- ances, and all disorderly assembles. 5. To license, prevent, or regulate the sale and giving away of ardent, spirituous wines, malt, ferment- ed and intoxicating liquors, and drinks within the city, under the provisions of this act. 6. To prohibit or regulate the erection or contin- uance of slaughter houses in said city, and to cause the removal thereof. 7. To compel the owner or occupant of any grocery, meat market, tallow chandlers shop, soap factory, tan- nery stable, privy, sewer, drain or other unwholesome or nauseous house or place, to cleanse, remove or abate the same as often as, and whenever the common coun- cil or board of health, shall deem it necessary for the health, comfort or convenience of the inhabitants of the city, and for the prevention of diseases. 8. To require the removal of any putrid or unwhole- some meat, fish, hides or skins, or any decaying sub- stance of any kind, by any person owing or occupying the premises on which the same may be found and in case of his default to do so, within time as may be prescribed by the council, to cause the removal there- of, and the expense thereof shall be a lien upon the lot or premises upon which the same were found, to be enforced, as hereinafter provided. 9. To prevent restrain remove and abate nuisances. 10. To prevent any and all persons from casting into Spring Brook within the limits of the city or leav- ing upon the banks thereof any offal, dead animals, filth or rubbish, and to punish any person or persons doing the same. 11. To prevent the digging, excavating or making holes or places below the natural surface of the ground, wherein stagnant waters or other noxious or unwhole- some matter may accumulate, and to cause the filling up, cleansing or purifying of any such hole or place by any person who may have caused, made, or in any way assisted in making the same, and in case of the default in the filling up, cleansing or purifying thereof, within such time as may be prescribed by the common council, to cause the same to be filled up, cleansed or purified, and the expense thereof shall be a lien upon the lot or premises upon which the same existed to be enforced as hereinafter provided. 12. To prohibit any person from bringing or deposit- ing, within the limits of said city the dead carcass of any animal, filth or rubbish or any unwholesome thing. 13. To prevent and prohibit the manufacture keep- ing or storing of nitro-glycerine, and to regulate the keeping and storing of gun powder, gun cotton, burn- ing fluids, coal oils, and other dangerous explosives material in said city, and to provide for the inspection of illuminating oils and fluids. 14. To prohibit, restrain or regulate the discharge of firearms, and the explosion of gun powder and gun- cotton, and the firing of fire crackers, and fireworks of any kind within the city. 15. To regulate the use of candles and lights in barns, stables, shops and out buildings. 16. To compel all persons to remove the dirt, snow and ice from the sidewalk in front of the premises oc- cupied or owned by them, and to keep the streets swept in front of such premises and to prevent the encumber- ing of the streets, sidewalks and cross walks with car- riages, wagons, carts, sleds, sleighs, wheelbarrows, boxes, wood, lumber, timber, or other substances or materials whatsoever, and to prohibit excavating on streets, or the raising or lowering the surface of streets, crosswalks, or sidewalks, above or below the estab- lished grade, or the interference in any manner with the established grade of the streets, and to prohibit the raising of any portion adjoining, unless with the 114 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. II consent of the common council, and to prohibit injury to sidewalks. 17. To prohibit the leaving of any horse, mule or team on any street without being securely fastened or hitched. 18. To regulate and control the erection of awn- ings and awning posts, to prevent the erection of signs and sign posts in the streets or over the sidewalks; and to provide for and compel the hitching posts and places for fastening teams, at such point or points as the coun- cil may deem necessary. 19. To prevent and regulate the running at large of dogs, and to destroy them, and to impose a tax upon the owners or possessers of dogs. 20. To require and cause the removal from thick- ly inhabited parts of the city, of all persons having contagious diseases. 21. To prohibit, restrain and regulate all exhibi- tions of natural or artificial curiousities, caravans of animals, theatrical shows or performances, circuses, and all other public exhibitions or performances for money, and to require, fix the amount, and provide for the collection of license fees for any and all such pub- lic exhibitions or performances. 22. To regulate, restrain and prohibit the ringing of bells and the crying of goods, wares and merchan- dise or other commodities in the streets of said city. 23. To impose and collect license fees of each auc- tioneer, and commissions on the sale of goods, wares, merchandise or other personal property by auction, and to punish any person acting as auctioneer without a license, or refusing to report sales by auction. 24. To regulate and restrain hawking and peddling in streets. 25. To establish and regulate a market or markets in said city, to restrain and regulate the sale of fresh meats, fish and vegetables, and to select places for the sale of hay, wood, straw, grain, lumber, lime, and all other articles offered for sale from wagons, sleighs or vehicles, and cause the same to be weighed, measured or inspected, and to establish and collect fees for such weighing, measuring, or inspection, and to prohibit under penalties the sales of such articles at any other place or places. 26. To establish and regulate public pounds. 27. To restrain and prohibit the running at large of cattle, horses, mules, sheep, swine, geese and fowls in said city, and to cause such as may be found run- ning at large to be impounded, and to have a lien there- on for all fines, penalties, costs, poundage and dam- age done thereby, and to cause the same to be sold, to discharge the said liens, and to punish the owners of such animals or fowls found running at large. 28. To prevent and punish horse racing and im- moderate driving or riding in the streets or highways; to require all persons driving horses with sleighs or cutters in the streets of said city, to carry bells either upon the horses or other animals, to warn other per- sons using said streets, and prevent and punish per- sons playing any game or doing any act having a ten- dency to frighten horses, or annoy persons passing in. or along the streets or highways, or endanger pro- perty. 29. To compel railroad companies and other cor- porations and persons, to do all needful and proper draining, grading and filling up the lands owned or occupied by them, within the limits of said city to compel railroad companies to construct and keep in repair, suitable street crossing and carriage ways over their several tracks, and place flagmen at such street crossings, in said city, as said common council may designate; to regulate and restrain the speed of cars in passing through said city, and to prevent such cars from passing at a greater rate of speed than six miles per hour through said city, and to prevent the obstruc- tion of streets, lanes and highways by the cars of said companies, and to regulate the putting up of all necessary signs to beware of the cars, at railroad and street crossings. 30. To prevent the use of false weighing or meas- ures. 31. To direct and require the keeping of records of mortality by physicians, sextons, and others. 32. To protect shade trees and direct and compel and regulate the planting, rearing and preservation of shade or ornamental trees in the streets and public grounds in said city. Section 12. The common council shall have author- ity, by ordinances, resolution, or by-laws; regulate, preserve and dispose of the property, real and person- al, belonging to the city. 2. To purchase all real estate, or other property, as may be required for the use of such city, for public uses, provided, the cost thereof shall not exceed the amounts previously limited therefor. 3. To adopt all legal and requisite measures for levying taxes and assessments, general and special. 4. To purchase and lay out public parks, squares, or grounds, and improve same. 5. To establish, make, regulate, preserve, and pro- tect public reservoirs, pumps, wells, hydrants and fountains in said city, supply them with water and construct all necessary water works for such purposes, and to pay for the same, and to prevent the unneces- sary waste of water therefrom and regulate and con- trol the use thereof. 6. To establish, construct and build all necessary drains, sewers, and gutters, and maintain the same. 7. To fix up, widen, straighten, deepen, drain, dress, or otherwise improve or abate any and all sloughs, ravines, water courses and wet places in the limits of said city. 8. To compel the owners or occupants of houses or other buildings to have scuttles in the roofs, and stairs or ladders leading to the same, and suitable fire escapes for same. 9. To prevent the deposit of ashes in unsafe places, and to cause all buildings and enclosures, as may be in dangerous state, to be put in a safe condition. 10. To regulate and prevent the improper construc- tion and unsafe condition of chimneys, fire places, hearths, stoves, stove pipes, ovens, boilers, and appa- I 1 1 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 115 ratus now in and about any buildings or manufactory, and to cause the same to be removed or put in a safe condition. 11. To regulate and prevent the carrying on of manufactories dangerous in causing or promoting fires. 12. To authorize the mayor, aldermen, police, fire- men and other officials of the city to keep away from the vicinity of any fire all idle and suspicious persons, and to compel all persons in said city to aid in the extinguishing of fires and the protection and preserva- tion of property thereof. 13. To authorize and require any person appointed for that purpose to enter buildings and enclosures at proper times, to ascertain whether the arrangements for fire, or the preservation of ashes are dangerous, ard to cause such as are dangerous to be put in a safe condition. Section 13. The common council shall let by pro- posals to the lowest bidder and not otherwise, all con- tracts for services or work, and materials or supplies, and other payment for the same, except as is specific- ally otherwise provided by this act, and may, from time to time, require any officer to furnish reports, in- formation or estimate and to perform other and furth- er duties than herein prescribed, if the council shall deem that the interests of the city so require. Section 14. The common cour.cil shall have power by ordinance or resolution, to cause all out and in lots within said city, of less size than ten acres each, that have not been platted and recorded by the owner or owners thereof as required by the laws to be platted and recorded, and to tax the charges for the platting and recording thereof against the lot or lots so plat- ted and recorded, to be collected in the same manner as other special city assessments and taxes. Section 15. The common courcil may cause all streets, highways, alleys, lanes, side and crosswalks, culverts, drains, sewers, public places in the said city, to be surveyed and described and the established height of all grades of streets or sidewalks, to be re- corded in a book to be kept by the city clerk for that purpose, and to cause maps to be made and filed with the city clerk. Such records and maps, when so filed, shall be primafacie evidence of the facts therein de- scribed and portrayed, in all actions and places be- tween the city and other persons, touching their loca- tion and the facts therein or thereon represented. Section 16. The common council of said city shall, by proper resolution, levy all taxes to be raised in said city, itemizing the amount so as to show the amount raised for school purposes, and for general purposes. Section 17. The school tax shall be based on an itemized estimate of the amount required, such esti- mate to be furnished to the council by the board of education of said city at the regular monthly meet- ing of the council in July, each year, but they may, by a two-thirds vote of the whole council, levy more or less tax for school purposes than the amount so estimated by the board of education. Section 18. The common council shall, annually at its regular meeting in April, levy taxes on all the taxable property of said city, not exceeding five mills on the dollar, for highway purposes, such tax to be known and designated as the general fund. Section 19. The common council shall, annually at its November meeting, levy a tax not exceeding five mills on a dollar, on all the taxable propery of said city for all general purposes of said city, to be known and designated as the highway fund. Section 20. Such highway tax shall be levied and carried out immediately, and the tax roll placed in the hands of the city treasurer for collection on or before the tenth day of May, in each year. The trea- surer shall forthwith proceed to collect the highway tax so levied and shall collect the same on or before the first day in June, in the next year. Section 21. The common courcil shall at its last regular meeting before the annual municipal elec- tion, by resolution, fix the salaries and compensation to be paid to such of the city officers and employees, to be elected or appointed under the provisions of this act as are entitled thereto; provided no salary or compensation having been once fixed, shall not be increased to any officer or employee during his term of office or employment, unless by the unanimous con- sent of all the members of the common courcil elect; provided that the salaries for the first year shall be fixed at the first meeting of the council. Section 22. The common council of the city of An- tigo shall, annually at the spring election therein, sub- mit to the voters of said city the question of granting license for the sale of intoxicating liquor, or refusing to grant license for the sale of intoxicating liquors therein, for the ensuing year. The question when sub- mitted to the voters shall be upon a separate ballot, and the ballots on the license question shall be in the following form : Those in favor "For License," those against "No License," and they shall be deposited in a separate ballot box provided for that purpose and whenever a majority of the voters shall declare by their votes as aforesaid in favor of license then the common council shall grant licenses according to the provisions of the laws of the State of Wisconsin on that subject, and in case the majority of the voters shall declare for no license, as aforesaid, then, and in every such case, the common council shall have no power or authority to grant licenses for the sale of in- toxicating liquors and drinks in said city; and all such licenses granted shall run from the first day of May in each year to the first day of May following; provided, however, that when any such license may be applied for after that date the same may be granted to expire on the first day of May of each year on ap- plicant paying pro rata therefor; but no license shall be granted for a longer period than one year. POLL TAX. Section 23. The common council of said city shall have and it is hereby granted power to tax annually each male inhabitant within the corporate limits of said city, not by law exempt from such labor, between 116 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. the ages of twenty-one and fifty years, a sum not to exceed one dollar and fifty cents, to be denominated a poll tax, and to be appropriated to the improve- ment of the streets, roads, alleys and crosswalks of the city. Section 24. On or before the twentieth day of May in each year the street commissioner in each ward shall make out a list of the names of all male persons over the age of twenty-one and under the age of fifty years, liable to pay such poll tax, with the amount thereof set opposite to each person's name, and sub- mit the same to the common council for correction. When such list is correctly made out, and on or before the first day of June in each year, the board shall by order (signed by the mayor and clerk and annex- ed thereto) direct the same to be delivered forthwith to the street commissioner in each ward for collection. Section 25. The street commissioner shall notify each male inhabitant to whom a poll tax shall be so assessed, to appear at a certain time and place in his ward with such tools as the street commissioner shall direct; such notice to be less than three nor more than five days. If the persons so notified shall appear and work for one day, agreeably to the order of such street commissioner, he shall, if he demands, receive a receipt for the poll tax so assessed, provided, how- ever, that the person so assessed may, at his option, pay such poll tax in money. And if any person neglects to pay the same for two days after, the street commissioner shall in the name of the city, sue for and collect such tax with fifty percenium damages on the same with costs of suit, before the justice of peace of said city, and in default of payment of such judg- ment execution shall issue against the defendant as in cases of court, and the first process in such action shall be by civil warrant; and the street commissioner shall account for such taxes by him collected, in the same manner as for other moneys coming into his hands by virtue of his office. And the street commis- sioner, while said list is in his hands for collection, may be put upon the same, the names of all such per- sons liable to such tax, as may have been omitted therefrom, who shall then be liable, the same as if their names were originally placed in such list. Section 26. Every street commissioner shall, before entering on the duties of his office, give a bond to the city of Antigo, with one or more sureties, to be approv- ed by the common council in the penal sum of not less than five hundred dollars, conditioned to render an account to the common council, whenever required by law, or the ordinances of said city, or by vote of said common council, to safely keep and account for, and deliver over when lawfully required, all property of said city that may come into his hands; to use, dis- burse or pay over as required by law, or the ordinances of said city, all moneys that may come into his pos- session as such officer, and to faithfully discharge the duties of his said office. Section 27. The common council of said city shall at its first meeting after election, elect a city marshal of said city, who shall before he enters upon the dis- charge of the duties of his office take the constitution oath of office and give a bond to said city, and to each and every person entitled thereto, for all moneys that may come into his hands by virtue of his office. Section 28. The city clerk and city assessor shall be paid a salary to cover all services rendered by them; the common council may also, in its discretion, pay the marshal a salary, in which case the salary so fixed shall be in full for all services which the mar- shal may render by direction of the council, and shall also be payment in full for any and all services ren- dered by him in or for which the city mayor shall eventually become liable. Section 29. The common council may by a two- thirds vote of the whole council make temporary loans at such rates of interest as it shall decide for the gen- eral purpose of said city, and may, in its discretion, in anticipation of the highway tax levied but not paid in the month of June in any year, make temporary loans for highway purposes, but no such loan shall, in any event, exceed the amount of tax levied for high- way purposes, and all moneys so loaned by the city for highway purposes, if any, shall be apportioned to the wards on the basis of the tax levied. Section 30. The common council shall annually fix and limit the per diem of the several street commis- sioners in said city. CHAPTER VII. OFFICERS, THEIR DUTIES AND POWERS. Section 1. The mayor shall be the chief executive officer of the city. He shall see that all laws relat- ing to the peace and good order of the city, as well as the ordinances of the city, are enforced, and shall exercise a constant supervision over all other officers of the city. He shall receive and examine into all complaints against all subordinate officers for mis- conduct, inefficiency or neglect of duty, and may, when the interests of the city are in danger of being impaired, summarily suspend such officer until the next meeting of the common council, at which time the mayor shall make report to the common council of his action in writing, setting forth all the facts and circumstances in relation thereto, and the common council may dispose of the matter in the same man- ner as hereinbefore provided, for the removal of per- sons from office. He shall recommend from time to time to the common council such measures as he shall deem expedient and necessary for the welfare of the city. He shall possess all the power and authority conferred upon mayors of cities by the general laws of the state. He shall have power, with force if ne- cessary, to suppress all tumults, riots and unlawful assemblies, all revelling, quarreling, or other disor- derly conduct to the disturbance or annoyance of the peaceable inhabitants of the city. He shall have con- trol, subject at all times to be restricted by the com- mon council, of the city marshal and the entire police force of the city. He shall have power to admit to. or discharge without, bail any and all persons ar- rested by the police force of the city without warrant. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 117 He shall have power to administer oaths required in the discharge of the duties of his office. He may call special meetings of the common council by order in writing specifying therein the object for which such meeting is called, to be filed with the city clerk and when such order is filed it shall be the duty of the city clerk to serve or cause to be served on all the members of the common council a copy thereof, per- sonally or by leaving the same at the place of resi- dence or business of each member to be served. And at such special meeting of the common council so called the common council shall not transact any other business than that so specified in the call. He shall nave power, for cause to pardon, any person convicted for violation of any city ordinance. He shall com- municate to the common council as soon as practic- able after his election, and as often thereafter as he may deem expedient a general statement of the af- fairs of the city in relation to its finances, government and improvement. He shall possess all such other powers and perform all such other duties as are inci- dent to, or necessary for, the faithful discharge of his duties under this act. Section 2. The president of the common council shall possess all of the powers, and perform all the duties of the mayor, in his absence or inability to act. Section 3. The city clerk shall attend all the meet- ings of the common council, and keep a correct record of its proceedings. He shall have custody of the cor- porate seal, and of all the papers and records of the city, that by provision of law, or by direction of the common council are required to be kept in his office, or filed by him. He shall see that all ordinances, or- ders, resolutions, notices and other matters requiring publication, are promptly and correctly published in such paper or papers as the common council may have directed, and that due proof thereof be made and re- corded as in this chapter provided. He shall record all papers and proceedings required by any of the pro- visions of this act, to be recorded in his office. He shall serve in the capacity of clerk of all such boards or committees as the common council may direct. He shall attest all orders drawn upon the treasury, and sign all licenses granted by the common council, and keep correct record thereof, in books provided for that purpose, in such a manner as may be designated by the common council. He shall keep a detailed ac- count of the financial condition of the city and of the amounts expended through orders drawn upon the treasury; of all balances remaining unexpended, of the condition of any fund or separate appropriation for particular purposes, of the amounts received into the city treasury, as appears by the reports of the trea- surer, and all other facts desired by the common coun- cil at any regular meeting or at any time. He shall do and perform any other or further act or service in relation to any details in the matter of keeping books of account, records or proceedings which the common council may, by ordinance or resolution require. He shall make copies of the assessment roll of the city, as may be required by the law of the state by the common council. He shall keep a record in detail of the bonded indebtedness of the city, in such a manner as will show the amounts required to be paid each year for interest and principal, or to invest in a sink- ing fund. He shall, before the levy of any annual tax by the council make report of all amounts in detail, which the city will be required to pay towards any indebtedness and such facts and statements of past expenditures as will enable the council to make pro- per estimates for tax levies. He shall keep a record of all the proceedings in matters relating to the con- demnation of private property for public use all pro- ceeding in any improvement by which the expense or any portion thereof, shall be chargeable to any real estate. He shall at the regular meeting each month, make a report to the common council of the amount of money belonging to the general fund, in the city trea- sury at the last meeting, the amount of orders drawn on said fund since the last meeting, and the balance on hand at the date of meeting. He shall have power to administer oaths and affirmations in the discharge of the duties of his office, and may, when authorized by the common council, appoint a deputy city clerk, who, when so appointed shall possess all the powers and authority of city clerk. The city clerk may, in addition to his salary, receive such fees as the common council may prescribe for filing chattel mortgages and making certified copies of the same or for any service in connection with his office not in this act specified, or hereafter required by the common council. Section 4. The city treasurer shall receive, and safely keep until lawfully paid out, all moneys be- longing to the city, and keep accurate accounts there- of with an accurate account of all disbursements in such a manner as the common council direct. He shall collect all licenses, duties, commissions and moneys due the city, all general and special taxes, assessments, which may be lawfully charged, levied or assessed upon the real and personal property in this city, and chargeable therewith, and exercise the same powers and be subject to the same liabilities as trea- surers of towns, except when special directions and duty imposed by this act. He shall pay all orders drawn upon the treasury, by authority of the common council, or as may be required under any special pro- vision of this act. He shall report to the common coun- cil, at the end of each month the actual amount of money in the treasury, together with the amount re- ceived and paid out. He shall accompany such re- ports with all others redeemed and paid by him, which said account and orders with any and all other vouch- ers held by him, shall be delivered over to the city clerk, and filed in his office, after the same shall have been examined by the common council. And all such orders so presented, when credited to the treasurer, shall be cancelled by the common council in such a manner as the common council shall direct. He shall at the end of his official term, or oftener, as may be required by the common council, make a detailed re- port of all the transactions of his office, and at the end of his term of office shall thereupon deliver over to his successor in office all money or property belonging to the city, as well as all books, records, papers, or 118 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. documents, in any way pertaining or belonging to the office. The treasurer shall, in addition to the duties herein enumerated, do and perform all the duties pro- vided to be done and performed by him in any por- tion of this act. The fees of the city treasurer shall be as follows : For collecting the highway tax he shall receive two per cent on the amount collected, for all taxes in the general tax roll collected on or before the tenth day of January in each year he shall receive one per cent, on the amount collected for all taxes collect- ed between the tenth day of January and the tenth day of February in each year he shall receive two per cent, on the amount collected, and for all taxes collected after the tenth day of February in each year he shall receive three per cent, on the amount collected. Section 5. The city marshal shall perform such du- ties as shall be prescribed by the common council for the preservation of the peace. He shall possess all the powers and authority of constables of towns, and be subject to the same liabilities. It shall be his duty to execute all writs and processes to him directed, and when necessary in criminal cases, or for the violation of any ordinance of said city, or laws of this state, may pursue and serve the same in any part of the state. It shall be his duty to suppress all riots, dis- turbances and breaches of the peace, and to remove all obstructions in the streets and alleys of said city, to apprehend with or without warrant, any person in the act of committing any offense against any ordinance of said city or the laws of this state, and forthwith bring such persons before a justice of the peace for examination or trial, and for such service he shall re- ceive such fees as are allowed by law to constables for like services in this state; provided that if said city marshal perform any labor by direction of the common council or required by law, for which no fees are allowed, he shall receive such compensation as the common council shall determine. He shall have power to appoint one or more deputies, subject to the approval of the common council, but for whose official acts he shall be responsible and for whom he may re- quire bonds for the faithful discharge of their duties. Such deputies shall also take and subscribe the pro- per oath of office which will be filed in the office of the city clerk, and when duly qualified as aforesaid such deputies shall possess all the powers and author- ities and be subject to the same liabilities as the mar- shal. Section 6. The supervisors elected under this act shall be members of the county board of supervisors, and, as such, shall have powers of the chairmen of the board of supervisors in the several towns of this state, except as qualified by the provisions of this act; and in case of any vacancy, in either of the wards, in said office, or inability of the supervisors elect to act, the senior alderman from such ward shall be and act as such supervisor until the vacancy is filled or disability removed, and such alderman shall have all the powers and discharge all the duties of the office of supervisor. Section 7, The assessors elected under this act shall, in all things pertaining to their offices, be gov- erned by the same laws as assessors under the gen- eral laws of this state, and their compensation shall be established by the common council. Section 8. The board of review shall consist of the mayor, clerk, assessor and senior alderman from each ward. They shall meet on the day fixed by law for that purpose, and in all things be governed by the general laws of this state. The members of the board of review shall receive five dollars each for their serv- ices during all the sessions of the board for the year, and no more. Section 9. Each of the justices of peace provided for in this act shall hold a court for trial and de- termination of such actions civil and criminal, as they have jurisdiction of as justices of the peace under the general laws of the state or the provisions of this act. All the general laws of the state of Wisconsin, rela- tive to the proceedings in justice courts in civil and criminal proceedings shall apply to the courts of such justices except as otherwise provided in this act. Section 10. The justice of the peace of said city shall have exclusive original jurisdiction of all crimin- al cases arising in said city, to try and determine, or commit for trial, as may be, any or all cases, civil or criminal, arising under the ordinances, rules or regu- lations of said city. All the general provisions of law concerning the trial of criminal offenses, and the con- ducting of criminal prosecutions, appeals from the judgments of the justice, the fees of officers and pro- ceedings in which upon trial the justice finds he has not final jurisdiction of the case shall govern trials under this act. When an act or omission, declared to be an offense by the general laws of the state, is also made an offense by the provisions of this act or the ordinances of the city passed pursuant thereto, a con- viction or acquittal in a prosecution under the gener- al laws shall be a bar to a prosecution under this act, or such ordinances. The persons accused shall have the same right to a removal of the case for prejudice as provided by the general laws of the state. All fines collected on convictions for such acts or omissions shall be paid into the city treasury, and become a part of the general fund thereof. Section 11. The common council shall, annually be- fore any highway taxes are expended, appropriate and set apart from the whole amount of highway tax le- vied such sum or portion as it shall deem necessary, not to exceed one-fourth of the amount so levied, to be expended by the common council on Fifth Avenue and the extension thereof to the city limits east and west, and Clermont Street and the extension thereof north and south to the city limits, all other boundary streets between wards in said city. All highway taxes shall be expended in the wards where raised and paid except the amount which may be appropriated by the common council for the streets above mentioned. The city clerk shall deliver to the street commissioner in each ward, on or before the first day of June each year, a statement of the amount of the highway taxes belonging to his ward, and file a duplicate thereof HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 119 with the city treasurer. The aldermen and street commissioner in each ward shall constitute a commit- tee for the purpose of laying or expending the high- way tax therein. Same committee shall direct the ex- penditure of all highway taxes in its ward, and the street commissioner shall have charge and control of all work so directed and for that purpose shall have authority to employ men and teams, and to procure such tools as shall be necessary, but the committee shall fix and limit th^ wages to be paid, and in all cases, and make all purchases of tools or implements used or bought. The street commissioner shall pre- pare and submit to the aldermen of his ward, a month- ly statement of the amount expended by him, show- ing the number of days work done by men, the num- ber of days team work, the names of the men and owners of teams so employed, and all other work done. When such statement shall be approved by the aldermen of such ward, by indorsing their approv- al thereon, the street commissioner shall file the same ' and with the city clerk. The city clerk shall issue or- ders to all persons named in such statement for the amount to which each person named therein shall be entitled and when such orders are countersigned by the mayor, they shall be delivered to the persons nam- ed therein and the amounts charged to the highway fund of said ward. CHAPTER VIII. ORDINANCES. Section 1. Ev/ery ordinance of the common council shall, before it takes effect, be duly signed by the mayor and attested by the city clerk; provided, how- ever, that no ordinance shall be in force until it shall have reached at least one publication in a newspaper published in the city of Antigo, and proof of such pub- lication, by the affidavit of the publisher, printer or foreman of such newspaper be filed with the city clerk; and the ordinance and the proof of publication thereof shall be recorded in a book kept for that pur- pose. Section 2. The style of all ordinances shall be "The common council of the city of Antigo do ordain as follows," etc. Section 3. A printed copy of an ordinance passed by the common council and published in a newspaper, or in a pamphlet, or book form, purporting to be pub- lished by authority of the common council of said city, as certified by the clerk prima facie evidence of its passage and publication, and shall be received in evidence on the trial of all cases cognizable before any court in the state. CHAPTER IX. PROCEDURE FOR VIOLATION OF ORDI- NANCES, LAWS, ETC. Section 1. The city of Antigo may sue for to re- cover any and all penalties, or forfeitures, under the charter of said city, or any amendment thereto, or the ordinances, by-laws, police or health regulations, made in pursuance thereof, in the corporate name of said city of Antigo, any general law of the state to the con- trary notwithstanding, and such action shall be com- menced by complaint, substantially in the following form : State of Wisconsin, City of Antigo, and County of Langlade. — SS. being duly sworn complains on oath, to a justice of the peace in said city, that on the day of , 18 , violated the section of an ordinance, by-law or resolution ( describ- ing it by its title and number of section, which said is now in force, as this deponent ver- ily believes, and prays, that said may be arrested, and held to answer to the said city of Antigo therefor. Sworn and subscribed to before me this day of , 18 It shall be sufficient to give the number of the sections or sec- tion, and the chapter or title of the ordinance, by-law, regulation or resolutions, or of the law violated, in such complaint, with the number of section or sections. Upon the filing of said complaint with the justice hav- ing jurisdiction a warrant shall issue thereon substan- tially as follows: State of Wisconsin, City of Antigo and County of Langlade — SS. to The State of Wis., the city marshal of said city of Antigo, or the sheriff or any constable of said county, greeting : Where has this day complain- ed to me in writing on oath that did on the the day of A. D. 18_-_, violate the section or sections of an ordi- nance, by-law, regulation or law (describing it by its chapter or number), which said is now in force and effect, as said complainant verily be- lieves; therefore, in the name of the state of Wis- consin you are hereby commanded to arrest the body or the said and him forthwith bring before to answer to said city of Antigo on the complaint aforesaid. Given under my hand this day of , 18 Section 2. Witnesses and jurors shall attend in all city prosecutions without the payment of fees in advance, upon process of the court, duly served, and in default thereof, their attendance may be enforc- ed by attachment in case the jury, after being kept a reasonable time, should disagree, they shall be dis- charged, and thereupon the court shall adjourn the cause to a day certain, and issue a new venire as aforesaid. Section 3. In city prosecutions the finding of the court or jury shall be "guilty" or "not guilty." If guilty, the court shall render judgment thereon against the defendant for the fine, penalty or forfeiture, and where the same is not to exceed a certain sum, and not less than a certain other sum, shall fix the amount of such fine, penalty or forfeiture as he shall deem 120 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. best, within the provisions of such ordinance, by-law or resolution, for the violation of which the person or persons shall have been adjudged guilty, and for the costs of suit. If not guilty, the costs, as in ac- tions in justices court, shall be taxed against the city, but no attorneys' fees shall be taxed for or against the defendant in any such suit. Execution shall is- sue forthwith upon the rendition of the judgment un- less the same be stayed or appealed as hereinafter provided, and the fine or penalty imposed by the court may be enforced and collected by levy and sale, on execution of the property of the defendant, as pro- vided by law in civil actions before the justice of the peace. Section 4. The execution upon the judgment recov- ered in any such action, may require that in case nothing shall be found from which the amount can be collected, the defendant shall be taken and impri- soned in the jail of Langlade County, for the term not exceeding six months, or in the police station, not exceeding three months, unless the judgment be soon- er paid and the term of such imprisonment shall be inserted in the execution and commitment. And said execution and commitment may require the defendant to perform hard labor during the term of such im- prisonment. In case nothing be found from which the amount can be collected, the defendant shall be im- prisoned in the jail of Langlade county, or in the po- lice station, according to the terms of the execution. Such execution may be in the following form: State of Wisconsin, City of Antigo, County of Langlade — SS. The state of Wisconsin to the sheriff or any constable of said county of Langlade, the city marshal of said city, the keeper of the common jail of said county, or the keeper of the police station: Whereas, the said city of Antigo, on the day of , 18 , recovered a judgment before the of said against for the sum of dollars, together with dollars, cost of suit, for the violation of (here insert the number of section, chapter, the title of the ordinances and offenses, as set forth in the complaint). These are, therefore, in the name of the state of Wisconsin, to command you to levy distress on the goods and chattels of the said {excepting such as the laws exempt) and make sale thereof according to law in such case made and provided, to the amounts of said sums to- gether with your fees, and twenty-five cents for the execution; and the same return to me within thirty days; to be rendered to the said for said judgment and costs, and for want of such goods and chattels whereon to levy, to take the body of said and him convey and deliver unto the keeper of the common jail of said county, or to the keeper of the police station of the city of Antigo, who is hereby commanded to receive and keep the in safe custody in said , and at hard labor for the term of , unless the aforesaid sum and all legal expenses be sooner paid and satisfied, or until he be discharged thence by due course of law. Give under my hand this day of , 18-—. Section 5. All penalties, forfeitures, fines of claim due to said city, where or when paid to the magis- trate authorized to receive same, shall be paid by him to the city treasurer, within one month after the re- ceipt thereof, by him. Whenever execution shall be issued upon any judgment in favor of the city, the same shall be returned by the officer receiving the same, to the judge or justice who issued it, on or be- fore the return day thereof, and if such officer neglect to return same for two days after the return day there- of, the judge or justice shall report the fact to the city treasurer, who shall cause an action to be brought in the name of the city, against the officer and his sureties for the default. Section 6. Appeals shall be allowed in all said cases to the circuit court, and taken in the same man- ner as appeals from justices of the peace. The de- fendant in all city prosecutions may appeal to the circuit court of Langlade County, by filing an affidavit and bond, and complying with the requirements of appeals shall be taken and perfected within forty- eight hours from the time the judgment is rendered in the suit. Upon any appeal being taken and allow- ed, the judge or justices shall stay all fuither pro- ceedings in the case and the defendant, if in custody, shall be charged, and the judge or justices shall trans- mit the papers in the case so appealed, with a tran- script of his docket, and the circuit court within the time and in the manner prescribed, in cases appealed from the justice of the peace. Section 7. The jail fees, and officers fees, if any, commitment or prosecution in behalf of the same shall be audited and allowed by the common council when the same cannot be collected by the defendant, be- fore his discharge, and said common council may by resolution direct the justice to discharge from the jail any person confined for a judgment of said city, but such discharge shall not open as a release of the judg- ment, unless said common council shall direct in their resolution. On filing a certified copy of such resolu- tions assisted by the city clerk, the judges or justices shall order such defendant discharged from custody and make an entry of such discharge on his docket, an execution may issue or be renewed by an en- dorsement from time to time, before or after the re- turn day thereof, and before or after the commitment of the defendant; until the judgment is satisfied or re- leased; but after the defendant shall have been once committed, no execution shall be issued against the body of the defendant in the same action. FINANCE AND TAXATION. Section 1. The fiscal year of the city of Antigo shall commence on the second Tuesday of April. Section 2. All moneys credited and demands be- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 121 longing to the city of Antigo shall be kept by and de- posited with the city treasurer, and be under control of the common council, and shall only be drawn upon orders signed by the mayor and city clerk, duly authorized by a vote of the common council, and in no other manner, provided, that the school fund may be drawn out as provided by other provisions of this act, and all resolutions adopted by the common council authorizing the expenditure of moneys, shall appro- priately specify the amount to be expended and no extra or additional compensation shall be allowed or paid on any contract, or on account of any contract, or to any contractor, person or persons, for any serv- ice or work done, or material furnished to or for the city. Section 3. No debt shall be contracted against the city or certificate of indebtedness be drawn upon the city treasurer, unless the same shall be authorized by a majority of all the members elect of the common council, and the vote authorizing the same shall be entered ayes and r.ays, upon the jourra^ o' the com- mon council, provided that the common counc'l, shall not, in any case, or under any pretext, or any purpose whatever, contract debts or liabilities of any kind, name or nature, exceeding the amount which it is authorized by the provision of this act to levy for the recent year. Section 4. All forfeitures and pera'tiei accru'n^ to the city for violation of this act, or any of the or- dinances, by-laws, rules ar.d regu'a'iors of the city, passed thereunder, or for any act of onis i^n or com- mission forbidden or made punishable by or under the general laws of the stats, which act oi omission or commission is also forbidden or made punishable by any ordinance, by-law or regulation of said city, and all moneys received for licenses an insurance per- centage, and from all other sources for the city, shall be paid into the city treasury and become a part of the general fund, and all moneys received for tuition of scholars under this act, shall be paid into the treasury, and become part of the school fund. Section 5. All orders drawn upon the treasury of the city shall be made payable to the order of the person in whose favor they may be drawn and shall be transferred only by indorsement. Each order shall specify upon its face the purpose for which it was drawn, and the same shall be payable out of the pro- per fund, and all such orders shall be received in pay- ment of any municipal tax levied and assessed. Section 6. No interest shall be allowed or paid on any city clerk order or certificate of indebtedness, un- less the same is expressly authorized by the common council, by a vote of a majority of all members elect. Section 7. All corporations, companies, and as- sociations, by their respective underwriters or agents, engaged in said city in effecting fire insurance, shall account and pay to the city treasurer, the two per cent, upon the amount of all premiums which shall be received or agreed to be paid for insurance, at the times and in the manner and form prescribed or pro- vided for by section 19-6 revised statutes. Section 8. Real estate exempt by the laws of the state from general taxation, shall be subject to spe- cial taxes for the building of streets, sewers, side- walks, repairing and cleaning of sidewalks, removal of nuisances, and such other work, walks, and labor, for which a special Hen is given, and the making of local and general improvements, and all the property of the city shall be subject thereto, provided that the pro- perty of the city shall be exempt from all taxation, except such special tax, when known, and give the amount of such tax so levied and assessed upon each such lots or part of lots, or lands. On or before the f':st day of December of each year, the city clerk of said city, shall insert in a separate column in the tax list of his city next there after to be delivered to the city treasurer of said city for collection and op- posite to the description therein of each of said lots, or part of lots, or lands, the amount of such special tax properly chargeable thereto as appears by the aforesaid resolution adopted by the common council, and then said special taxes shall be collected or re- turned delinquent in the same manner as town, coun- ty and state taxes are collected or returned delinquent by law, and the lots, or part of lets, or lands, upon which such special taxes may be so lev'eJ and assess- ed may be sold and conveyed for the non-payment thereof, in the same marner and with the same effect 3.3 if sail special tax had been a ge, era! town, county cr state tax. Section 9. When it shall be necessary in the opin- ion of the common council to repair or reconstruct any sidev.a^k the common council ma/ cause such side- v. alk to be repaired or reconstructed at the expense of the owners of the lot or lots or lands abutting on such sidewalk in the same manner as is authorized to construct new sidewalk, provided, however, that dan- gerous sidewalk shall be in immediately the same condition and the cost of repair'ng shall not ex- ceed three dollars, the street commissioner abutting will notify the owner of the lot or lots of said on dangerous sidewalk, if a resident of said city, to re- pair such sidewalk, and if such owner shall not at once proceed to repair same the street commissioner shall at once repair such dangerous sidewalk, and the cost of such repairs shall be levied upon and collect- ed from the lot or lands abutting on such dangerous sidewalk, in the same manner as the cost of construct- ing new walks are levied and collected from the lots and lands abutting thereon. CHAPTER X. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. Section 1. All work for the city, including all printing and publishing, shall be let by contract to the lowest bidder and due notice shall be given of time and place of letting such contract and the coun- cil shall have the right to reject any bid, when it is deemed for the interest of the city to do so. Section 2. No penalty or judgment recovered in favor of the city shall be remitted -or discharged, ex- 122 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. cept by a majority of the aldermen elect. Section 3. No real or personal property of any in- habitant of said city, or of any individual or corpor- ation, shall be levied on and sold by virtue of any execution issued to satisfy or collect any debt, obli- gation or contract of said city. Section 4. When the city of Antigo deeds or leases any real estate or any interest therein, owned by said city, the party of the first part shall be the city of Antigo, and the person or persons authorized to exe- cute such deed or lease need not be named in the body thereof. Section 5. The mayor of said city is hereby author- ized, when the common council shall, by ordinance or resolution, for that purpose, (describing the real es- tate and interest to be conveyed) order and direct him so to do, to execute a deed or lease of such real estate, or interest therein belonging to said city; the said deed or lease shall be signed by the mayor of said city and countersigned by the city clerk, and sealed with the corporate seal of said city, and duly witnessed and acknowledged, as is provided by law for the execution of deeds and leases. Section 6. When any such deed or lease is so exe- cuted, the city clerk shall attach to such deed or lease a true and attested copy of such ordinance or resolu- tion, and the same shall be recorded by the register of deeds with the said deed or lease, and such copy, so attached and recorded, shall be, in all the courts of this state, prima facie evidence of the authority of such mayor to make and execute such deed or lease. Section 7. When judgment is rendered against any person for the violation of any city ordinance, and such person shall be committed for the non-payment thereof, including his board, shall be added thereto, which he shall be required to pay in case of payment of said judgment. Section 8. The keeper of the common jail of the county of Langlade is hereby required to receive and keep all persons who shall be arrested by the proper officers for the violation of any city ordinance, or committed for the non-payment of any judgment, fine or penalty. Section 9. No member of the common council shall be eligible to any other office provided for by this act, during the term for which he shall have been elected or appointed. No member of the common council shall vote upon any question, matter or reso- lution in which he may be directly or indirectly inter- ested. Section 10. No member of the common council shall be a party to or interested in any job or con- tract with the city, or any department thereof ; and any contract in which any such member may be so interested shall be null and void. No member of the common council shall sign any bond as surety for the performance of any contract or agreement with such city, or official bond to such city during his term of office. Section 11. Every license issued by the authority of this act, or the ordinances of the city, shall be sign- ed by the city clerk and sealed with the corporate seal, but no such license shall be issued by said clerk until the person applying for the same shall have de- posited with the clerk the receipt of the city treasurer for the amount to be paid therefor. Section 12. Every member of the common council of the city of Antigo who shall directly or indirectly vote to himself, or knowingly to any other person, any sum of money for any other purpose whatever in vio- lation of the city charter or any amendment thereto, or shall ask or receive any compensation for doing any official act, except as inspectors of elections, mem- bers of the board of registry, and as members of the board of review; any member of the common council or other city officer who shall be directly or indirectly interested in any contract made with or in behalf of the city, and any member of said council or other city officer who shall directly or indirectly purchase or be interested in the purchase of any city order or city indebtedness for less than the full amount thereof, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor in office, and may be prosecuted by complaint before any justice of the peace in the city, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars nor less than twenty dollars, or by imprison- ment in the county jail not more than thirty days nor less than ten days, or both, at the discretion of the court. Section 13. No action in tort shall lie or be main- tained against the city of Antigo, unless a statement in writing, signed by the person injured or claiming to be injured, of the wrong and circumstances there- of, and amount of damages claimed, shall be present- ed to the common council within ninety days after the occurring or happening of the tort alleged. Section 14. Whenever any grave or heinous crime shall have been committed in said city against life or property, the mayor, with the concurrence of the com- mon council, may offer a reward for the arrest and conviction of either of the perpetraters of such of- fense, provided that such reward shall, in no case, ex- ceed one hundred dollars. Section 15. The office of mayor, aldermen, and school commissioners shall be filled by their incum- bents without fee. CHAPTER XI. STREETS AND HIGHWAYS. Section 1. The common council of the city of An- tigo shall have the power and authority to lay out, alter, widen or discontinue any street or highway with- in the limits of said city, that is now or may hereafter be conferred on the supervisors of towns in this state, and all streets, highways or alleys, within the limits of said city hereafter laid out, altered or discontinued by the common council of said city, under the provi- sions 01 chapter 52 in the revised statutes, and in all respects in the same manner as is provided in said chapter 52 for the laying out, altering or discontinu- ing highways in the towns of this state. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 123 Section 2. The common council shall have power to lay out and open alleys within the limit of said city, in the same manner as highways upon petition of a majority of the property holders abutting the proposed alley, provided that any damages awarded to any property holder abutting said alley shall be assessed on all property abutting said alley, in equal proportion, according to the number of feet fronting on said alley. CHAPTER XII. BOARD OF EDUCATION. Section 1. The city of Antigo shall constitute a school district, and all matters pertaining to the con- trol, management and government thereof shall be vested in the board of education, consisting of two school commissioners from each ward and one from the city at large, which said board shall be a body cor- porate, by and under the name of the board of educa- tion of the city of Antigo, with power of contracting and being contracted with, of suing and being sued, and shall have perpetual succession by and under that name. Section 2. The board of education shall meet at the council rooms, in the city of Antigo, on the second Tuesday after the charter election, at seven o'clock P. M., and at such meeting shall choose one of its members president; it shall also elect a secretary of the board who may or may not be a member of the board, and the secretary shall receive such salary as the board may direct, not to exceed fifty dollars per annum. Section 3. The president of the executive office of the board, shall preside at all meetings of the board and decide all questions of order subject to appeal to the board. He shall countersign all orders drawn by the secretary for the payment of teachers and janitors' wages, and all other incidental and neces- sary expenses of said board of education, and in all suits brought by or against the school district, he shall appear on behalf of the district, unless some other provision is made by the board of education. He shall declare all votes taken on questions coming be- fore the board, provided, that on all questions requir- ing the appropriation of money, or the adoption of new text books, the vote shall be taken by ayes and nays, and on other questions the ayes and nays shall be called when any member shall request it. Section 4. The secretary shall attend all meetings of the board, keep a true record of all the proceedings thereof, take the school census of the city annually, assist in grading the schools and visit and report the conditions of any school in the city when directed by the board, make all reports required by law to be made by such board and record same, to safely keep and preserve all records of the board and deliver the same to his successor in office and do and perform any and all other services that may be required of him by the board. Section 5. The board of education may make all necessary rules and regulations for its government and proceedings, and, in the absence of the president of the board, may elect from its own number a presid- ing officer protempore. Section 6. The board may meet from time to time, and at such place in the city as it may desig- nate, and a majority of the commissioners shall al- ways be required to constitute a quorum. Section 7. The clerk of the board shall keep a rec- ord of the proceedings of the board, in a book to be provided for that purpose, and shall record copies of all official reports made by the board, or the superin- tendent of schools. He shall also, under the direction of the board, take the annual enumeration of scholars residing in the city at the time prescribed by law, and shall keep and preserve all books, records, papers, or other property belonging to his office and deliver the same to his successor in office. Section 8. The board of education shall have pow- er : 1. To organize and establish such and so many schools in the city and in the several wards as it may deem necessary and required for the public good, and alter or discontinue the same at pleasure. 2. To have the custody and safe keeping of the school buildings and lots, the books, furniture, school supplies, apparatus, and appendages, and all the property belonging to the schools. 3. To contract with, and employ in behalf of the city, all teachers in the schools of said city, un- der the direction of said board, and who shall have been licensed, and at the pleasure remove them. 4. To hire buildings suitable for school houses, and lease sites for the same, and to purchase neces- sary fixtures, furniture and apparatus for the schools of the city, but only with the coasent of the com- mon council as hereinafter provided. Section 9. It shall be the duty of the board of edu- cation, before the commencement of the school year, annually to determine in the amount of salaries or wages to be paid to the teachers in the several schools and grades respectively, for the year then next ensu- ing, and report the same to the common council for its action. Section 10. The comm.on council shall consider the report or reports so made, and shall act thereon, and by resolution fix the salaries or wages to be paid to the teachers of the several schools respectively, ac- cording to grades, which resolution shall be certified by the city clerk, to the board of education, and thereafter such board shall not contract for the pay- ment of any salary or wages greater than the sum fix- ed in said resolution except by special order of the common council. Section 11. The board of education shall also, an- nually, before the close of the school year, make esti- mates of the expenses for necessary repairs to school buildings, furniture, apparatus, schoolroom fixtures, incidentals, fuel, cleaning and care of rooms, and rent of buildings necessary to be incurred the next ensuing year, and file the same with the city clerk. Section 12. The board of education shall, from time 124 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. to time, make such rules and regulations for the gov- ernment and organization of schools, for the reception and instruction of pupils, and their transfer from school to school, and for the promotion and good or- der and discipline in schools, as to it shall seem ex- pedient, and also for the care and management of the several schoolrooms, fixtures, furniture, and apparatus, and shall establish the text books to be used therein. Section 13. The board of education shall have povif- er to allow the children of persons not resident of said city to attend any of the schools therein, upon such terms as the board shall, by resolution, prescribe, fix- ing the tuition therefor; provided, that no such pupil shall be received, under or until he or she shall have paid into the city treasury in advance for the current term the amount of tuition fixed by said board to be paid therefor. Section 14. It shall be the duty of the board of education to report to the common council on the first Monday of August in each year, the condition of the several schools in said city, the average number of pupils in attendance, the names and rate of compensa- tion of the several teachers, the cost of supporting each and all of said schools, since its previous report, and also to do and perform all other duties that may be required by any general law of this state, to entitle the schools of said city to participate in, and enjoy the benefit of school money, or school fund, apportioned among the schools of the state. Section 15. Teachers' wages, and all moneys due upon the contract under this chapter, shall be audited by the board of education and paid by an order of the treasury signed by the president of the board and the secretary, and specifying on its face the purpose for which it was drawn. Section 16. All the supplies on the several school houses, and schools, exceeding $50.00 shall be furnish- ed by contract let to the lowest bidder, by the board of education, subject to approval of the common coun- cil. Section 17. No member of the board of education shall have any interest, directly or indirectly, in any contract made by said board, and every contract so made in which any member of said board shall have such interest shall be absolutely void. Section 18. The title of the school houses, sites, furniture, apparatus and appurtenances, and all other property herein mentioned, shall be vested in the city of Antigo, and the said city may accept, hold and dis- pose of any real or personal estate transferred to it by gift, grant, bequest or devise, for the use of the schools of said city, whether the same shall be trans- ferred in terms to said city by its proper style, or by other designation, or to any person or persons or body for the use of said schools. Section 19. No member of the board of education shall receive any compensation whatever for services rendered as a member of said board, or for services rendered on any committee of said board, under any pretext whatever, except when a member of said board shall be elected secretary thereof he may re- ceive such salary as is herein provided for said secre- tary. CHAPTER XIII. FIRE DEPARTMENT. Section 1. The common council, for the purpose of guarding against the calamities of fire, shall have the power to prescribe the limits within which wooden buildings, or buildings of other materials that shall not be considered fireproof, shall not be erected or re- paired and to direct that all and every building with- in the limits prescribed shall be made and construct- ed of such fireproof materials, to prohibit the repair- ing or rebuilding of wooden buildings within the fire limits where the same shall have been damaged to the extent of fifty per cent of the value thereof, and to prescribe the manner of ascertaining such damages and to prescribe the penalties for the violation of any resolution or ordinances passed under this section. Section 2. The common council shall have power to prevent the dangerous construction and condition of chimneys, fireplaces, hearths, stoves, stovepipes, ovens, boilers, and apparatus used in and about any building, and to cause the same to be removed or placed in a safe and secure condition when considered dangerous, to prevent the deposit of ashes in unsafe places, to re- quire the inhabitants to provide as many fire buckets, and in such manner and time as it shall prescribe and to regulate the use of them in case of fire, to regulate and prevent the carrying on of manufacture danger- ous in causing or promoting fires, to regulate and pre- vent the use of fireworks and firearms, to compel the owners and occupants of buildings to have scuttles in the roofs, and stairs on inside leading to same. To authorize the mayor, aldermen, fire wardens and other officers of the city to keep away from the vicinity of the fire all idle and suspected persons, and compel all bystanders to aid in the extinguishing of fires, and in the preservation of property exposed to danger there- at, and generally to establish such regulations for the prevention and extinguishment of fires as the common council may deem expedient and to provide penalties for the violation of any resolution ordinance passed under this section. Section 3. The common council shall have full power to purchase fire engines and other fire appara- tus and to authorize the formation of fire engine, hook and ladder and hose companies, and to provide for the due and proper support and regulation of the same, and to order such companies to be disbanded, and their meetings to be published and their apparatus to be delivered up. Each company shall not exceed for- ty able-bodied men, between the ages of eighteen and fifty years, and may elect its own officers and form their own units not inconsistent with the laws of this state or the ordinances and regulations of said city, and shall be formed only by volunteer enlistments. Every member of said companies hereby authorized to be formed shall be exempt from highway work, and the poll tax, and from serving on juries and mili- tary duty, except in cases of wars, insurrection or in- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 125 vasion, during the continuance of such membership, and any person having served for the term of seven years, in either of such companies, shall be forever thereafter exempt from poll tax and military and jury duty, except as in case before mentioned. Section 4. The mayor shall appoint two fire war- dens for each ward subject to confirmation by the common council, who shall perform such duties as the common council may prescribe, and they may at any time enter into any building, house, store, barn or en- closure, for the purpose of inspecting same. Section 5. When any person shall refuse to obey the lawful order of any engineer, fire warden or alder- man of the city, or the mayor of the city, or marshal, at any fire, it shall be lawful for the officer giving such order to arrest, or direct orally the city marshal, constable, or watchman or any citizen to arrest such person and to confine him temporarily in any safe place until such fire shall be extinguished and in the same manner such officers or any of them may arrest or direct the arrest and confinement of any person at such fires who shall be intoxicated or disorderly and any such person who shall refuse arrest or aid in ar- resting any person, shall be liable to such penalty as the common council may prescribe, not exceeding twenty dollars. Section 6. The common council shall have power to organize a sack company or to countenance any such company now organized, which shall be known by such name as it may select, and shall consist of not more than thirty members. Such company shall con- stitute a part of the engineers. The members of said company, either collectively or individually, are here- by authorized and empowered to act as a special po- lice in and for the city of Antigo, and are hereby vest- ed with all the power and authority which now is or may hereafter be vested in any other police officer of said city, and shall be entitled to all the rights and im- munities of members of the fire department, except exemption from jury duty. At fires, it shall take charge of all property which may be exposed or en- dangered, and shall as far as may be in its power, pre- serve the same from injury or destruction. Such com- pany may from time to time adopt such laws as it deems necessary, not inconsistent with the laws of this state, or the ordinances of said city. The mem- bers shall be entitled to any compensation for any service rendered in their official capacity. They shall, in case of riot or other disturbance of the peace, have access to all licensed places of amusement in the city, and shall perform such services as may be ne- cessary for the peace and good order of the same. Section 7. The treasurer of the fire department shall receive and pay out all moneys belonging to said department and shall secure the faithful performance of his duty by his bond to said city in such penal sum as shall be required, and with the sureties to be ap- proved by the common council. Such moneys shall only be paid out on order signed by the chief engineer, or acting city engineer, and countersigned by the clerk of said department. Section 8. There shall be elected by the members of each company aforesaid, annually, at their annual meeting, a clerk or secretary and a treasurer, who shall, on or before the first Monday of May in each year, return to the city clerk a list containing the name of each member of their respective companies, and when any member of eit-Tier of said companies shall cease to be a member thereto by resignation, expul- sion or otherwise, notice thereof shall be given to the city clerk. Section 9. The city clerk is hereby required to keep a record of the members of the several compan- ies organized under this chapter and such record shall consist of the returns made by the several clerks or secretaries as above provided, and no person shall be exempt from jury duty unless the name is entered on such list, in case any person shall for any cause, cease to be a member of either of said companies, the clerk shall note the fact thereon, and shall return to the clerk of the board of supervisors of the county of Lang- lade a list of all persons who are members of either or all said companies exempt from jury duty, on or be- fore the day now appointed, or which may hereafter be appointed for the annual meetings of said board and said board shall not place the names of such per- sons on the jury list for the ensuing year. Section 10. The officers of the fire department shall be a chief engineer, an assistant engineer, a secretary and treasurer. The several fire companies shall hold at least one annual meeting for the purpose of elect- ing department officers, the first meeting to be called by the mayor. Each member of the several com- panies, in good standing, shall be entitled to a vote in the election of department officers, and a majority of the votes cast shall elect. The officers so elected shall be subject to confirmation by the common council. CHAPTER XIV. CONSTRUCTION, REPAIR AND RECONSTRUC- TION OF SIDEWALKS. Section 1. The common council shall have power to order the building construction, reconstruction or repair of sidewalks in the city of Antigo in such a manner it may deem proper provided, however, that when any member of the common council, shall offer a resolu- tion for the construction of any sidewalk in the city, the resolution shall be referred to the proper commit- tee and held over until the next regular meeting. Such resolution shall describe the street or part of street along with and the block opposite where it is pro- posed to construct such sidewalk. The city clerk shall, within five days after such resolution is intro- duced and referred, serve a copy of such resolution on each and all of the residents or occupants of lots on the street or streets along which it is proposed to build such sidewalks. Section 2. At its next regular meeting after such resolution shall have been so offered and referred, ac- tion shall be had by the common council thereon, and if such resolution be adopted by the common council, an order shall be entered among its records requiring 126 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. a sidewalk to be constructed along such street or part of street or lands described in said resolution. The common council in such order, shall designate and de- termine the street or part of street along which such sidewalk shall be constructed, and the time within which the owner or owners of the property along such streets shall build the same. If the owner or owners of any such lot or lots or such lands shall fail to so construct such sidewalks opposite the lot or lots, or lands so owned by him or them within the time limited in said order, the city shall construct such part thereof as such owner or owners have so failed to construct and charge the cost thereof to the lot or lots, or lands, op- posite which the city shall have so constructed such sidewalk. Section 3. Within three days after said order shall have been entered as aforesaid the city marshal of said city shall serve a copy of such order upon the resi- dents or occupants of the lots or lands opposite which such sidewalk is to be constructed personally or by leaving a true copy thereof at the usual place or abode of such owner or occupants in said city. In case any owner or owners of any such lot or lots, or such lands, shall not reside thereon, or in the city of Antigo, or his or their name shall be unknown to the city marshal, then such order shall be served on such non-resident or unknown owner or owners, by publishing the same in some newspaper published in said city, at least once and at least ten days before the expiration of the time limited in said order for the construction of such sidewalk. As soon as the city marshal shall have completed the service of said order as herein provided, he shall make and file with the city clerk his return service, in which he shall state the time, place and manner of service thereof, and in case the order shall have been published, as hereinafter provided, he shall attach to his return, and file therewith the affidavits of the publication thereof in the usual form, subscrib- ed and sworn to by the printer or publisher of the newspaper in which such order shall have been so published. Section 4. At any time after such order shall have been so entered by the common council as hereinbe- fore provided, and within the time therein limited, therefor, the owner or owners of the lots or lands op- posite which such sidewalk is to be constructed may, at his or their own expense, and in the manner and of the width and material designated in such order, construct such sidewalk opposite the said lots, or lands owned by them respectively. Section 5. Within the three days after the expira- tion of the time limited in such order for constructing said sidewalk, the street commissioner of the ward in which said sidewalk is ordered to be built, shall ex- amine the street, part of the street or block, along said sidewalk shall have been ordered to be so constructed, and within said three days shall make and file with the city clerk a report in writing, signed by him, as to the construction of the same. He shall state in such re- port what part of said side walk, if any, has been and what part, if any, has not been constructed in con- formity with such order, and shall describe the lots or part of lots, or lands, if any opposite within the side- walk has been so constructed as well as the lots or part of lots, or lands, if any, along which said side- walk has not been so constructed. Section 6. If it shall appear, by such report of the street commissioner that any part of such sidewalk has not been constructed in conformity with the order aforesaid, the common council shall at its next regular meeting after such report shall have been made and filed, direct the street commissioner to proceed at once to construct, in conformity with said order, such part of said sidewalk as said report shows has not been con- structed, and the said street commissioner shall there- upon proceed at once so to construct such part of side- walk. Section 7. Immediately upon completion of his work, the street commissioner shall make and file with the clerk a statement in writing, subscribed and sworn to by him, in which he shall state the total expense actual- ly incurred by him in so constructing that part of such sidewalk in front of each lot, or lots or land, opposite which it appears by his report, the owner or owners of such lot or lots, or land has failed as aforesaid to construct sidewalk. Section 8. At its next regular meeting after such statement shall have been so filed, the common coun- cil shall by resolution levy and assess upon each lot or part of lot, lands, opposite which any sidewalk or part of sidewalk shall have been constructed, by said street commissioner as appears by his said statement, a spe- cial tax sufficient to pay actual expense incurred in so constructing the same as appears by said statement, and said resolution shall describe each such lots or part of lots, or lands, state the names cl the owners thereof, and compensation of salary for any services. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS. (Concluded) Section 16. All city or ward officers, at the ex- piration of their own term of office, or upon their resig- nation, removal or vacation from office, shall imme- diately deliver to their successor in office all property, moneys, books, papers, and effects of every descrip- tion in their possession belonging to the office they may have held. Any person who may have held an office neglecting or refusing so to do for twenty-four hours after the presentment, by his successor, of the city clerk's certificate of his successor's election or ap- pointment and qualifications to the office shall forfeit and pay to the use of said city twenty-four hours re- fusal, the sum of one hundred dollars and all damages and costs incurred, either by the said city or his suc- cessor by reason of such neglect or refusal. Section 17. The common council of the city of Antigo, or a committee thereof to be appointed there- by for the purpose shall meet with the board of su- pervisors, of the town of Antigo, at the common coun- cil rooms in the city of Antigo, upon six days notice given by either party to the other, by service thereof on the town or city clerk, for the purpose of appro- priating and dividing the credits and indebtedness of the town of Antigo, as the same shall be found to be on the first Tuesday of April, 1885. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 127 Section 18. All the credits and liabilities of the town of Antigo, as they shall be found to exist on the first Tuesday of April, 1885, shall be apportioned to the city and town of Antigo on the basis of the last assessment of said town. Section 19. A certified copy of such apportion- ment signed by said town board and said common council shall be filed in the office of the town clerk of the town of Antigo, in the office of the city clerk of the city of Antigo, in the county of Langlade, in the county clerk's office and in the county treasury offices and the proportion of the indebtedness due from Lang- lade county to the town of Antigo, which shall be ap- portioned to the city of Antigo, shall be paid to the treasurer of said city, and become part of the general fund thereof. Section 20. The city clerk of the city of Antigo shall insert and levy in the tax roll of said city, for the year 1885, the amount of the indebtedness of the town of Antigo, which shall be apportioned to said city and the treasurer of said city and the treasurer of the town of Antigo, take the receipt therefore, and file the same in the office of the city clerk, and thereupon and thereafter the city of Antigo shall stand released of and from any and all liabilities of said town of Antigo. Section 21. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage and publication. Approved March 14, 1885. GENERAL CITY CHARTER ADOPTED. June 27, 1905, the patent of the general city charter which was then adopted by the city of Antigo was re- ceived by the city from the Secretary of State. It brought a number of important changes in city govern- ment. The Board of Public Works became a more important body. All public work or city improve- ment jobs exceeding $200 in value were placed under the direction of this board. The power of eminent domain was greatly extended by the general charter and its operation much more complete. Six years be- fore the adoption of the general charter, in 1899, the ordinances of the city of Antigo were ably revised by the then City Attorney Max Hoffman and were pub- lished in book form. No revision followed until when on August 2, 1905, the city council directed the City Clerk, A. M. Arveson and City Attorney, E. A. Morse, to re-write and revise the ordinances and have them issued in book form. They at once complied with the directions of the city council and on March 22, 1906, the revised ordinances were published. Since the re- vision of 1906, 103 ordinances have been passed by the law making body of the city of Antigo. PRESENT CITY WARD BOUNDARIES. Chapter 1 of the general ordinances of the city of Antigo as revised, consolidated and amended give the boundaries of the city to-date correct as follows, with the exception of eighty acres of land attached to the city at the time the Langlade Lumber Company was established. Section 1. — All that district of territory in the coun- ty of Langlade hereinafter described, shall be a city by the name of Antigo, and the people now inhabiting, and those who shall inhabit said district, shall be a munici- pal corporation by the name of Antigo, and shall have the powers hereafter specifically granted, and the au- thorities thereof shall have perpetual succession, and shall be capable of contracting and being contracted with, suing and being sued, pleading and being im- pleaded, in all courts of law and equity, and shall have a common seal, and may change and alter the same at pleasure. Section 2. — All that district of country included in the south half of section nineteen, south half of sec- tion twenty, all of section thirty, all of section twenty- nine, north half of section thirty-one, except that part of the east half of the north-east quarter lying south of the north bank of Spring Brook, and the mill pond, and the north half of section thirty-two, all in town- ship thirty-one north, range eleven east, in Langlade County, Wisconsin, shall comprise and constitute the city of Antigo. Section 3. — The city of Antigo shall be divided into six wards as follows : All the territory lying north of the center line of Fifth Avenue, extended to the east city limits, and east of the center line of Superior Street and Neva Road continued northeasterly as now used and traveled, to the north limits of the city, shall constitute the First Ward. All the territory lying north of the center of Fifth Avenue, west of Superior Street and Neva Road continued northeasterly as now used and traveled, and east of the main track of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway company, shall com- prise the Second Ward. All the territory lying west of the main track of the Chicago & Northwestern rail- way company, and north of the center line of Fifth Avenue, extended to the western city limits, shall con- stitute the Third Ward. All the territory lying south of the center of Fifth Avenue, and west of the main track of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway com- pany, shall constitute the Fourth Ward. All the ter- ritory lying east of the main track of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway company, south of the center of Fifth Avenue, and west of the center of Superior Street, continued to the southern limits of the city, shall constitute the Fifth Ward. All the territory ly- ing east of the center of Superior Street continued to the southern limits of the city, and south of the center of Fifth Avenue, continued to the eastern city limits, shall constitute the Sixth Ward. 128 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. u CHAPTER XXV. City Administrations— 1885-1922 Mayor Thomas W. Lynch — Mayor Munson M. Ross — Mayor Daniel W. Keen — Thomas W. Lynch's Second Administration — Mayor J. F. Doyle — Mayor I. D. Steffen — Mayor Cassius F. Smith — Mayor J. F. Doyle's Second Administration — Mayor J. F. Albers — Mayor George W. Hill— Mayor R. H. McMullen— Mayor John F. Dailey— Mayor I. D. Steffen's Second Adminis- tration — R. H. McMullen's Second Administration — Mayor Thomas W. Hogan — Mayor Fred Hayssen — George W. Hill's Second Administration — Fred Hayssen's Second Term — Burt W. Rynder's Administration — George W. Hill's Last Term — Mayor Leonard Freiburger — The Ad- ministration of Dr. I. D. Steffen — Government by Commission Adopted — C. Fred Calhoun's Ad- ministration — The Administration of John Benishek — The Present Administration of Mayor Charles J. Hanzel. A review of the administrations of the Mayors of Antigo is the most feasible way to cover municipal ac- tivities in a span of years from 1885 to 1922. This review of Antigo, as a city, commences with the ad- ministration of Thomas W. Lynch, the first Mayor, who was elected on April 7, 1885. THE ADMINISTRATION OF THOMAS W. LYNCH —1885-1886. Thomas W. Lynch, a Democrat, lawyer and resi- dent of the village of Antigo two years before its in- THOM.^S W. LYNCH First Mayor of .\ntigo — 188.5-86. corporation as a city, was elected first Mayor of Anti- go, April 7, 1885, with practically no opposition, pur- suant to the provisions of Chapter 79, Wisconsin laws of 1885. The first meeting of the Aldermen elected from the four wards and the Mayor was held at Spen- cer's Hall, the site of the Hill Building, Fifth Avenue, April 13, 1885. The city of Antigo was formally created then. George Clithero, Alderman from the Second Ward was elected President of the first city council, on the second ballot. He defeated D. W. Keen and P. J. Koelzer. The first ordinance passed prescribed the width of board sidewalks and the manner in which they should be constructed. This ordinance was passed April 16, 1885. April 13, 1885, a poll tax of $1.50 was made upon every male inhabitant in the city of Antigo between the ages of 21 and 50 years, the said fund to go into the street improvement fund. The salary of City Marshal was fixed at $50 and W. L. Crocker was chosen first marshal on April 14, 1885. The salary of the city clerk was fixed at $250. May 1, 1885, the city awarded to Messrs. Wood & George the contract for pulling stumps from the prin- cipal Antigo streets for $84, the work to be completed in June, 1885. Mayor Thomas W. Lynch issued the first public pro- clamation ever issued by an Antigo Mayor on August 6, 1885 in which he said: TO THE CITIZENS OF ANTIGO : "On the 8th of August will occur the funeral of America's great chieftain. General U. S. Grant. An event of equal universal regret has not occurred in our day, nor is likely to happen again. The preparations being made throughout this great country, to pay the final tribute to our world renowned fellow citizen, but feebly speaks the affections of the people for the de- ceased. Nor is the regret confined to this country; it prevails throughout the world co-existence with his fame; from the humblest village to the grandest metro- polis, from the farm to the cabinet, the people are pre- paring to observe the obsequies of General Grant. It is to meet therefore, that our young city should join in the National event with appropriate ceremonies. I therefore request that all business be suspended HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 129 and all business houses close from twelve o'clock noon to four in the afternoon, August 8, 1885, and that the citizens meet at the Odd Fellows' Hall at 2 p. m. and proceed from there to the Antigo Opera House, where appropriate funeral ceremonies will be held. The exercises will be given under the auspices of the Grand Army of the Republic. All civic societies are requested to be present. (Signed) THOMAS W. LYNCH, Mayor of Antigo. April 6, 1885. Mayor Lynch officially welcomed the Wisconsin Press Association to Antigo on August 18, 1885. This was the first state-wide gathering of people who every visited Antigo. September 15, 1885 at a special election the first vote was taken in the city of Antigo on the license question. The question was whether $500, $350 or $200 should be the annual license to be paid. The voters declared in favor of a $500 license by a vote of 42 majority. The total vote was 181 for $500; 19 for $350 license; and 120 for $200 license. June 7, 1885, the city purchased fire apparatus for the volunteer fire department from Bailey & Gleason by a vote of 7 to 1. The fire apparatus was accepted on July 3, 1885, and a hook and ladder truck was pur- chased for $350. W. F. White was elected first Antigo City Attorney on August 6, 1885. Sixteen ordinances were passed during the Ad- ministration of Mayor Thomas W. Lynch. The last meeting of the common council under his administra- tion was held April 12, 1886, when Mayor elect M. M. Ross and the new city officers qualified and took the oath of office. ADMINISTRATION OF MUNSON M. ROSS— 1886-1887. Munson Monroe Ross, the second Mayor of Antigo, was elected to the office April 6, 1886, over Geo. W. Latta. Mayor-elect Ross lead the Democratic city ticket. The election was very exciting the chief con- troversies were between the Mayoralty candidates and the vote on the license question. The license of sa- loons was discontinued in the city by a very large vote. Mayor Ross, born August 22, 1853, came to Antigo in June, 1881, and permanently located in the village in September, 1881. He was elected by a vote of 353 as against 200 for Mr. Latta. A^-ril 12, 1886, Mayor Ross presided for the first time over the city council. D. W. Keen was elected President of the council, Ed. McKinney was selected City Marshal, at this first ses- sion. George Schintz was elected the second City At- torney of Antigo on April 19, 1886. In June, 1886, the city purchased a second hand steamer for fire fighting purposes from the city of Appleton. The apparatus proved very necessary and paid for itself in one fire. Mayor Ross issued an order closing all "Casino" and other club rooms where liquor was sold in violation of the city government November 24, 1886. In February, 1887, the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad decided to locate its shops and ma- chine factory at Antigo after the Ross administration, with the assistance of many public spirited citizens, made arrangements for an $8,000 appropriation to pur- chase the necessary grounds for the industry. This action meant much to Antigo — in fact if not then accom- plished, Antigo probably today would not be the im- portant railroad center that it is. A public subscription was started to raise money to purchase the grounds for the railroad property and $4,300 was obtained in that way. MUXSWN M. ROSS Mayor of .'Vntigo — 1886-87 The contributors were : Hessel & Leykom, C. G. Adkins, C. H. Thompson, M. L. Bacon, E. A. Grain, H. G. Borgman, G. C. Williams, J. H. Dawley, Herman & Becklinger, G. J. Schutz, M. Weix, W. H. Blinn, Irvin Gray, Henry Smith, J. L. Jensen, Mark W. Waite, James Chadek, J. C. Lewis & Co., S. Neuman, T. H. Robbins, W. L. Giffin, F. M. Sherman, W. H. Dawley, August Kropp, Louis Wahl, Joseph Hoffman, J. W. Wines, John A. Ogden, S. Buerger, Fred C. Mey- er, D. Berard, A. C. Clark, H. J. Frick, Johns & Kel- logg, J. Brennan, Nicholas Boll, J. E. Mullowney, Ben Spencer, Henry Berner, Sr., John Doersch, Gus Ulrich, Silbar Sf Goldberg, Robinson & McDonald, Thomas W. Lynch, R. Otto, H. V. Mills, W. S. Morgan, F. Manthey, P. J. Koelzer, W. F. Bowman, M. J. Lower, S. E. Les- lie, George L. Schintz, John E. Martin, Niels Anderson, L. K. Strong, Charles Teipner, A. Logan, W. H. Stacy, Leutsker & Wilterding, Frank Wanninger, R. H. Mc- Mullen, L. Mendlik, W. E. Jones, P. J. Millard, J. H. Trever, C. M. Beattie, Con Donohue, Dennis McGuire, Louis Novotny, A. H. Morris, H. L. Ferguson, W. F. White, J. F. Doyle, E. N. Mellor, Fred Herman, C. F. Smith, Gates Saxton, H. A. Kohl, G. W. Latta, W. J. 130 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Zahl, T. D. Kellogg, D. W. Keen, Edward Daskam, H. C. Humphrey, R. L. Webster, A. D. Rice, Fred Hay- ssen and Philip Wessa. Mayor Ross was an efficient Mayor. When elected he was at Sheboygan, Wisconsin, but took charge of city affairs with vigor upon his return. His adminis- tration was handicapped due to the lack of funds, how- ever. Nevertheless during his term of office consid- erable street improvements were made and the city in general made good progress. Mayor Ross was succeeded in office by Daniel W. Keen, who was the first Mayor to be elected under the city charter after its first revision. THE ADMINISTRATION OF DANIEL W. KEEN— 1887-1888. Daniel W. Keen, former Alderman and public spirit- ed citizen, was the first Mayor elected after the first revision of the original city charter. He defeated Charles S. Leykom, who was nominated at a meet- DANIEL W. KEEX Mayor of Antigo — 1887-88. ing held at the headquarters of trie Antigo Business Men's Association on April 15, 1887. The Business Men's Association and those affiliated with it were "for economical and conservative government and for the election of men who will faithfully discharge the du- ties devolving upon them." Mr. Keen lead the Union Tax Payer's ticket, in opposition to the Business Men's Citizen's Ticket. Mayor Keen presided at the first council meeting un- der his administration on May 9, 1887. Alderman L. Mendlick was elected President of the city council. The first ordinance passed under the Keen adminis- tration was one granting L. K. Strong and his asso- ciates the privilege of erecting, operating and main- taining a system of electric lighting in Antigo. A municipal well was authorized constructed in June, 1887. This well was located at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and Daskam (Morse) Street and B. P. Hopkins of New London, Wisconsin, secured the con- tract to dig the well, the first municipal one in Antigo. Upon petition of many citizens an ordinance was passed May 17, 1887 discontinuing the following streets in Antigo. Commencing at the southeast corner of Pacific street, running thence northerly along the west line of the right-of-way of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad to a point in the north line of lot nine (9) in block forty-one (41), extended thence westerly on the line of lot 9, extended twenty- two feet, thence southerly to the place of beginning. Also the east twenty-two feet of Pacific street from the north line of said lot 9 extended to Fifth Avenue, the easterly twenty-two feet of all that part of Reed Street lying between Fifth and Fourth Avenues, the east twenty-two feet of that part of Reed Street between Fourth and Third Avenues; all of Reed Street lying between Tliird Avenue and the north line of First Ave- nue; all that part of First Avenue between the westerly line of lot 1, block 2, extended northerly to the north line of said First Avenue and the east boundary of lot 4, of block 1, extended north to the north line of said First Avenue; all that part of Second Avenue lying between the west line of lot 1, block 12, extending northerly to the west line of lot 10, block 2, and the east boundary line of lot 4, block 11, extended norther- ly to the east line of lot 15, block 1 ; all that part of the alley lying between blocks 9 and 10, block 1 and lying between lots 9 and 10, block 11. These streets and alleys were discontinued to make room for the extensive improvements of the Milwau- kee, Lake Shore St Western railroad. In 1887 the common council passed an ordinance exempting all manufacturing plants from taxation for a period of five years, that would locate in the city of Antigo and would quarantee steady employment to at least twenty men. Mayor Keen served until the election in April, 1888, when Thomas W. Lynch, Antigo's first Mayor, was elected. He was nominated by a coalition of Demo- crats and Republicans. He defeated W. E. Jones and W. B. Badger. The latter was the Prohibition candi- date. THE SECOND ADMINISTRATION OF THOMAS W. LYNCH— 1888-1889. Thomas W. Lynch began his second administration of Antigo municipal affairs on April 9, 1888. Mayor Lynch delivered his message to the new city council and made many specific recommendations regarding important city questions. He said among other things : "We have agreed to assume the trust of administering the affairs of the city for the coming year. In per- forming that trust the welfare and best interest of the city, present and future, should be our sole aim. Public money is just as sacred as private money. Between necessary and unnecessary expenses we should use the judgment that any prudent business man would use in his own business." April 9, 1888, W. H. Dawley was elected President HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 131 of the city council, defeating J. A. Thursby. Saloon licenses were granted for the first time since the first administration of Mayor Lynch. Ed. McKenna was appointed Marshal of Antigo by Mayor Lynch after the various municipal committees were appointed. The Wisconsin Press Association made its second visit to Antigo on July 25, 1888 and a public reception was given the editors. Mayor Lynch delivered the address of welcome. Among the visitors were Editor W. D. Hoard of Ft. Atkinson and John Hicks, Presi- dent of the Association. Mayor Lynch, P. J. Millard, A. B. Millard, J. C. Lewis, W. H. Dawley, J. A. Ogden, G. W. Latta and H. G. Borgman, accompanied the edi- tors from Antigo to Rhinelander. Applications for sidewalks (plank) were granted at every meeting of the city council during this admin- istration. In 1889 the matter of making certain amendments to the city charter was taken up by the Mayor and the city council. The Sixth Ward was created as a result of revision of the charter and the boundary of the city was ex- tended one half mile each way. The Lynch administration of 1888-89 was less mo- mentous than that of 1885-86 when that citizen who played such an important part in Antigo municipal af- fairs first piloted the municipal ship. Mayor Lynch was succeeded by Dr. J. F. Doyle. The proposed amendments to the city charter were endorsed by the electorate. THE ADMINISTRATION OF MAYOR J. F. DOYLE —1889-90. The first meeting of the city council under the Doyle administration was held on Monday, April 8, 1889. Mayor Doyle made some important suggestions to the Aldermen of the various wards, his address following the farewell speech of the outgoing Mayor Thomas W. Lynch. One of the important achievements of this adminis- tration was the appointment of a committee, consisting of the Mayor, W. H. Dawley and H. C. Humphrey to investigate the matter of water works for the city of Antigo. This was not the first time the water works question was brought to the attention of the city, but this was the first practical step toward the solution of the problem. June 28, 1889, a mass meeting was held at the city council rooms for the purpose of discussing the water question. H. G. Borgman and W. B. Johns were ap- pointed to look over city water works in other cities. H. C. Humphrey, J. H. Trever and Hon. Thomas W. Lynch were selected to represent the city of Antigo to confer with officials of the M. L. S. & W. R. R. Co. re- garding alleged rumors that the Antigo shops would be moved to Kaukauna, Wis. The committee reported that the company had made no such plans and inti- mated that Antigo would ultimately be the point where the Lake Shore system would have its largest shops. During the administration of Mayor Doyle, the city adopted the report of a committee on schools and authorized the expenditure of "not more than $20,000 for the erection of a high school in block 63." The first ordinance making it necessary for transient merchants to pay a municipal license was passed by the city council in October, 1889. The first arc lights were installed in Antigo on the principal streets during the Doyle administration by the Antigo Edison Electric Light Company. The polling places for the municipal election of 1890 were fixed as follows : First Ward — Teipner's sample DR. J. I'. DOYLE Mayor of Antigo — ) 880-00 room; Second Ward — The Council Rooms; Third Ward — The school house; Fourth Ward — School house; Fifth Ward — Ratskey building, near Larzelere Livery; Sixth Ward — Freiburger's Shop, near bridge. Mayor Doyle was succeeded by Dr. I. D. Steffen, who was elected April 1, 1890. Dr. Steffen defeated G. W. Latta. The city council under Mayor Doyle as- sembled for the last time on April 8, 1890, completed its work and turned over the city's destiny to the new Mayor and the new council. Dr. J. F. Doyle, the re- tiring Mayor and Dr. I. D. Steffen, Mayor-elect, de- livered appropriate addresses. THE FIRST ADMINISTRATION OF MAYOR I. D. STEFFEN- 1890-91. April 8, 1890, the first meeting of the new city coun- cil under Mayor I. D. Steffen was called to order by the new chief executive. W. H. Dawley was selected President of the council for the year, T. H. Robbins was elected City Marshal, H. A. Mills was chosen Deputy City Marshal, the retiring Mayor, Dr. J. F. Doyle was chosen as City Physician and F. J. Finu- cane was elected City Attorney at this meeting. The subject of water works, which had been con- stantly before the Doyle administration was one of the problems with which the Steffen administration had to cope. April 16, 1890, the city council thoroughly considered the question of water works for the growing city of 132 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Antigo. The rental system was decided to be the most feasible system to adopt. April 30, 1890, the proposals for the erection of a plant were opened by the city council and a committee was selected by May- or Steffen to report May 2, 1890. The result was that a special election was authorized to be held May 31, 1890, at which time the voters decided by a vote of 621 to 39 to permit a tax levy of $4,000 per year to pay the rental of such a system as it might adopt. The vote demonstrated that the people were then fully alert to prosperity and needs of the city. New bids were at once called for by the city council and on June 12, 1890, the council adopted and granted a franchise to W. G. Maxcy, giving him the exclusive right to main- tain a system of water works in Antigo for fire and domestic purposes for a term of thirty years (1890- 1920). The question of levying a tax of $4,000 per DR. I. D. STEFFEN First served as Mayor of .Antigo in lSi)0-ill. year for a term of thirty years to pay fire hydrant ren- tals was again put before the electorate on July 28, 1890, and the people were in favor of the proposal by an overwhelming vote of 514 to 21. The water plant was in operation by January 1, 1891 and this marked an important step in the municipal ad- vancement of Antigo. We shall learn more of the wa- ter works in the administrations following. Through the efforts of the city council under Mayor Steffen the Kingsbury & Henshaw flour mill and the saw mill, eventually, important industries in Antigo, were obtained in May, 1890. November 24, 1890, the new hose cart for the fire department was received and accepted by the city council. Arrangements were made at this time by the council to provide sleeping quarters for four men in the fire department and to always have a team of horses on hand to haul fire apparatus to any fire. The Frost Ver.eer Seating Company erected their plant in Antigo in the months of November-December, 1891, during the Steffen administration. W. D. Badger erected the plant. The city council passed an ordinance in February, 1892, authorizing the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & West- ern Railway Co. to construct and maintain a track across the streets between the Frost Veneer plant and the Antigo Screen Door Company plant. This track is a part of what is commonly called the "belt line." During the administration of 1890, Dr. Steffen was also President of the School Board and at this time also the first high school building was erected in the block now occupied for high school purposes. THE ADMINISTRATION OF CASSIUS F. SMITH —1891-92. Cassius F". Smith was elected Mayor of Antigo in April, 1891, by defeating W. H. Dawley. Mayor Smith was the unanimous choice of the Republicans of the city. He defeated his opponent by a vote of 437 to 357 in a contest that was very exciting. The first meeting of the city council under Mayor Smith was held on April 14, 1891. Mayor Smith se- lected T. H. Robbins as City Marshal; Louis Novotny as Street Commissioner; Attorney George W. Latta as City Attorney; Dr. J. H. Dawley as City Physician and B. F. Dorr as the first City Engineer. CASSIUS F. SMITH Mayor of Antigo — ls'.i|-;i2. During his administration many new buildings were erected in Antigo and streets were generally improv- ed. The stand pipe of the Antigo Water Company was erected in April, 1891. Ed. LaLonde was then Super- intendent of the plant. At that time the Antigo Water Works park was con- sidered the best in Antigo. The question of cattle running at large on the streets was again given serious discussion by the city coun- cil. May, 1891, the city fire department, with the sanction of the city council, responded to many calls in the out- skirts of the city, where forest fires were raging. Dur- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 133 ing this month thousands of dollars of property was destroyed by the forest fires, among which was one at Bryant and Kent, Price township. Mill Street, between Seventh Avenue and Eighth Avenue, was discontinued by the city to make room for extensive improvements by the Crocker Chair Company. During the Smith administration G. E. Frost, Presi- dent of the Frost Veneer Seating Company of Sheboy- gan and William Calhoun, an official of that concern together with W. D. Badger, Manager of their plant at Elcho, conferred with the city officials regarding the location of their plant at Antigo. A bonus was granted the company and as a result the mill was moved from Elcho to Antigo. Mayor Smith retired from office in April, 1892, de- clining to become a candidate for re-election. Shortly afterwards he moved from Antigo and today he is Pres- ident of the Chicago Lumber and Veneer Company, Chicago, 111., which concern has extensive operations over a wide field. THE SECOND ADMINISTRATION OF MAYOR J. F. DOYLE— 1892-93. Mayor J. F. Doyle defeated John A. Ogden by a vote of 488 to 326, a majority of 162 votes. The entire Democratic ticket of the city was elected with the ex- ception of a Justice of the Peace. The license ques- tion again came up and the vote was 6^3 for license and 157 against license, or a majority of 486 in favor of granting license. April 11, 1892, the city council was organized under the Doyle administration. Ex-Mayor Steffen was elected President of the city council, T. H. Robbins as City Marshal; L. Novotny as Street Commissioner; G. R. Shaw as City Physician; W. F. White as City At- torney; Dr. J. H. Dawley as Health Officer; Mayor Doyle in his recommendations to the council dwelt with length on the financial conditions, treasury settle- ments, the street fund, the industrial bonus proposition and the publicity of council proceedings. May 11, 1892, the city council authorized the enforce- ment of the ordinance prohibiting the running at large of cattle and elected Andrew Teske as Pound-Master. A fee of twenty-five cents was authorized paid to any individual who would drive any cattle running at large on the city streets to the city pound. This ordinance had its effect, when enforced, as but few cattle ran at large in Antigo since. July 21, 1892, Mayor Doyle "unofficially" straddled L. E. Bucknam's bicycle and quite a crowd gathered on the corner of Clermont Street and Fifth Avenue expect- ing to see some fun but the Mayor got aboard with the agility of an expert and rode away on the "wonder ma- chine" to the bewilderment of the people. The city council, at a special meeting, November 1, 1893, decided to extend the Superior Street water main to Tenth Avenue to afford fire protection to the Antigo Manufacturing Company. The plant had been des- troyed by fire the day before. THE ADMINISTRATION OF J. F. ALBERS— 1893-94. The mayoralty campaign of the spring of 1893 was really started by the Citizens' League, a non-partisan organization, whose object was "to get the men best fitted for public service into office," to look over the transactions of the city council and the county board and to stand for economy and low taxation." The coalition of Democrats, Republicans and Prohibition- ists endorsed and supported J. F. Albers for Mayor. The Democrats put up J. L. Klocke. Thus the con- test was between two prom.inent business men of the city. Mr. Albers was elected, receiving 464 votes to 350 for Mr. Klocke. D. J. Mahor.ey was elected City Clerk and the contest for City Treasurer between L. J. F. .XLBERS Mayor of Antigo — 1803-!»4. Buckman and John McCarthy was a tie, which when settled by lot, resulted in Mr. McCarthy's victory. When the result of the Mayoralty election was an- nounced the adherents of the Citizens' League held a great parade and celebration on Fifth Avenue, which brought back the old days of 1884 when the Blaine and Cleveland torch processions were so lively. The vote was canvassed by the city council on April 6, 1893. The administration of Mayor Albers' was launched on April 10, 1893, with the organization of the city council of which T. D. Kellogg was chosen President. T. H. Robbins was elected City Marshal; A. C. Con- way, City Attorney; Dr. I. D. Steffen, City Physician; L. Corrigan, Street Commissioner and B. F. Dorr, City Engineer. The estimated operating expenses for the ensuing year were given at $23,476.20. During this administration the great Weed mill fire 134 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. occurred on May 20, 1893. Mayor Albers telegraphed to Rhinelander for aid which came at once. An ordinance was passed by the city council stop- ping all bicycle riding on sidewalks of the city. The wheel men of Antigo resented this ordinance as the streets of the city were traveled by wheel with dif- ficulty. Acting upon the petition of residents a hose cart was established in both the Third and Fourth Wards dur- ing this administration. City Marshal O'Connor applied for a franchise to erect and maintain a telephone exchange in Antigo in 1894 and his application was granted by the coun- cil. The report was current during this administration that the Northwestern railroad would remove their shops from Antigo to Monico and thus minimize the importance of Antigo as a railroad center. Public spirited Antigo citizens together with the city council placed the matter before the officials of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company and were given as- surance that the shops would remain in the city. Thus an industry of great importance was retained. The Citizens' League of Antigo became a potent force as the end of the Albers' administration approached. It was non-partisan in character. Dr. I. D. Steffen was President; W. H. Blinn, Vice-President; J. C. Lewis, Secretary; J. F. Albers, Treasurer; Advisors were: A. M. Millard, John E. Martin, W. F. White, M. F. Crowe and H. G. Borgman. The Committee on Special Inquiry consisted of Ed. Daskam, J. C. Spencer and John A. Ogden. Mayor Albers was followed by George W. Hill, a Democrat, who served his first term as Mayor from 1894-95. THE FIRST ADMINISTRATION OF GEORGE W. HILL— 1894-95. George W. Hill, a pioneer Antigo citizen, was first elected Mayor on April 3, 1894 defeating Dr. I. D. Steffen. Although a Democrat Mr. Hill did not have the support of the Democrat organ of the city in the election. The first council meeting was held April 9, 1894. Mayor Hill appointed various committees and the council elected the following officers : President of the council — T. D. Kellogg; City Marshal — Peter O'Con- nor; Deputy Marshal — Frank Cunningham; City At- torney — W. F. White; Street Commissioner — L. Cor- rigan; City Engineer — B. F. Dorr; City Physician — Dr. I. D. Steffen. Fire Wardens were appointed in each ward. By reason of the defeat of the proposition to in- crease the water tax $500 at the annual municipal elec- tion the city council ordered a special election to be held April 30, 1894. The proposal for the increase was defeated at the annual election due to the mis- understanding of the question. Thus when the vote was taken the second time it resulted in 419 in favor of the increase and but 75 against the proposition. This gave the city authorities power to grant extensions of the water works as the means of the city afforded. In June, 1894, the city council, after a demonstra- tion had been made before Mayor Hill and members of the council by three different machines, authorized the purchase of an Austin road machine for use on An- tigo streets. In 1894 there was considerable propaganda about the city purchasing the water works. Fifteen hundred feet of hose for the volunteer fire department was purchased by the Committee on Fire and Water of the city council in August, 1894. GEORGE W. HILL First served as >[ayor of .■\nt;go in 18'.)4-95. A new fire department was organized in November, 1894, and the organization was accepted by the city council. An arrangement was made for four pipemen to sleep in the engine house, the city to purchase a team of horses and the volunteers agreed to furnish a vol- unteer chief, whose services were gratuitous. In February, 1895, the finance committee of the city council was instructed to act with the Antigo Board of Education to devise ways and means for the construc- tion of a new school house in the Second Ward. The proposition was finally defeated. Mayor Hill served until April 8, 1895, when Mayor- elect R. H. McMullen presided over the city affairs for the first time. THE ADMINISTRATIONS OF R. —1895-98. H. McMULLEN R. H. McMullen came to Antigo in 1880 from Chil- ton, Calumet County, Wisconsin, and at once became an active leader in the affairs of the village and city of Antigo. He was chosen the first City Treasurer in 1885 and held other offices. He was first elected May- or of Antigo on April 2, 1895, defeating the Republi- can candidate for Mayor, John A. Ogden, by a vote of 483 to 410. With the exception of one city officer HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 135 and five members of the city council the entire official roster was Democratic. Among the outstanding events during his adminis- trations were the proposal to raise a sum sufficient to erect a new school in the Second Ward. The propos- al went down to defeat on April 2, 1895. A. M. Lanning was elected President of the city council under Mayor McMullen during his first admin- istration. Ordinance No. 75 amended ordinance No. 42, prescribed new fire limits for the city and regulat- ed the construction of buildings within those limits. The telephone franchise of Peter O'Connor was re- pealed during the year 1895. As a result of a conference with Superintendent G. F. Bidwell, Mayor McMullen and the council succeed- ed in having the Chicago & Northwestern railroad R. H. McMULLEN First served as Mayor in 1895-08. construct crossings at all Antigo streets and to main- tain an arc light on Fifth Avenue at their crossing. During the McMullen administration the Antigo Opera House, where the first county fair was held was burned to the ground. Hoeffler Brothers were then in charge of it. The fire was on May 22, 1895. The license question was voted upon September 17, 1895, and $500 as an annual license was again decided upon by the voters. Mayor McMullen was successively elected until 1898. In March, 1896, caucuses were held in Antigo Wards and T. D. Kellogg was nominated by the Re- publicans to contest the Mayoralty with Mr. McMullen. The result was the re-election of Mr. McMullen by a vote of 608-314. The new city council met on April 13, 1896, and the following official roster was created : City Attor- ney — F. J. Finucane; City Physician — Dr. T. L. Har- rington; City Marshal — John McArthur; Deputy Mar- shal — Isaac Lament; Street Commissioner — Larry Corrigan; City Engineer — B. F. Dorr; Department Driver — Chet Hugunin; Janitor — M. Devoy. April 6, 1897, Mayor McMullen was again victorious for the office. He defeated John A. Ogden by a vote of 510 to 457. The appointive city officials remained the same with the exception of City Physician, M. J. Lower, being selected. Mayor McMullen and the city council did consider- able street work during his last administration. There was then considerable agitation about paving Fifth Avenue. Nothing definite was then decided. He served until the election of John F. Dailey on April 5, 1898. In 1919 Mr. McMullen moved from Antigo to Port- land, Oregon, which has been his home since. He was born in Marysburg, Ontario, Canada on May 10, 1850. Mayor McMullen was the first citizen to be continu- ously elected by the voters of Antigo for three con- secutive terms. He was the first Antigo Mayor to be re-elected after the expiration of his first term. Oth- er mayors had been previously re-elected but their terms were not consecutive. THE ADMINISTRATION OF JOHN F. DAILEY— 1898-99. John F. Dailey was elected Mayor of Antigo on April 5, 1898, defeating W. B. Johns by a vote of 571 to 349. Mr. Dailey was the Democrat nominee and Mr. Johns JOHN F. D.^ILEY Mayor of Antigo — 1898-99. was the Republican choice. Mayor Dailey was born on December 26, 1856, at Ogdensburg, Waupaca Coun- ty, Wisconsin. He spent his early youth on a farm and secured his schooling at Waupaca. When a young man he became Superintendent of a large saw mill at Manawa, Wisconsin. He moved to Strass- burg, Langlade County, eight years later and there op- erated a saw mill for nearly six years. From Strass- 136 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. burg in 1897 he came to Antigo and opened up a shoe store. The principal events of his administration were the macadamizing of Fifth Avenue and the revision of the city ordinances by City Attorney Max Hoffman and the City Clerk. Mayor Dailey was requested to run for re-election but refused because of business affairs. The last meeting of the city council under his ad- ministration was held April 10, 1899. Mayor Dailey thanked the city council for the courtesies extended him during his administration and then the city coun- cil of 1898-99 adjourned. Dr. I. D. Steffen followed Mayor Dailey in office, this being Dr. Steffen's second administration. It was during the Dailey administration that the printing offices of the Antigo Herold, The Antigo Re- publican and the Weekly News Item were entered and the mechanical plants were damaged, January 19, 1899. The city council at their meeting of January 22, 1899, offered a reward of $250 for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the party or parties who per- petrated the deed. The city council tabled a request for aid when the Antigo Public Library Association presented a peti- tion signed by one hundred tax payers on February 6, 1899. Mayor Dailey moved to Birnamwood shortly after his term of office. He passed a'^ay on October 21, 1908, at that place. Many prominent citizens of An- tigo attended his funeral. THE SECOND ADMINISTRATION OF MAYOR I. D. STEFFEN— 1899-1901. Dr. I. D. Steffen was nominated on March 19, 1899 at a meeting held in the old council rooms. The meet- ing was non-partisan in character. A ctimplete ticket was placed in the field by the non-partisans, with P. J. Millard for Clerk, Anton Schultz for Treasurer and Jos. Duchac and J. W. AUerton for Assessors. The Democrats were lead by Leonard Freiburger, who, like Dr. Steffen, was a pioneer Antigo resident. This contest for the Mayor's office was the most ex- citing political contest ever conducted in Ar.t'go up to that time. Dr. Steffen was elected over Mr. Freibur- ger by a close vote. Peter Chadek defeated P. J. Millard for City Clerk by thirteen majority. Anton Schultz was defeated for City Treasurer by James Wagner, who received 460 votes to 448 for the former. The city council under the Steffen administration employed Edgar Williams, a civil engineer, of Chica- go, to prepare plans for a sewerage system in Antigo in August, 1899. An ordinance was passed on August 18, 1899 to bond the city of Antigo in the sum of $10,003 for the erec- tion of a city hall. The same time Edgar Williams of Chicago submitted plans for a modern sewerage sys- tem in Antigo. The new third ward school was erected during this administration. It was opened for school purposes on February 5, 1900. Plans of the architect, Van Ryan, for the construc- tion of the city hall were adopted by the city council on October 3, 1899. Mayor Steffen, Fred Ebeit, C. O. Marsh and T. D. Kellogg constituted the building committee. The city hall was ready for use in Febru- ary, 1900. Dr. I. D. Steffen was re-elected Mayor on April 3, 1900 by defeating George W. Hill by 125 majority. During his second administration Mayor Steffen continued his policies as enunciated when he became a Mayoralty candidate in 1899. His re-election was a vindication of his previous record. Mayor Steffen served until April 1, 1901, when the city council was reorganized and the reins of the city government were taken over by R. H. McMuUen. THE ADMINISTRATION OF R. H. McMULLEN— 1901-02. April 2, 1901, R. H. McMullen was again chosen Mayor. He defeated Walter L. Elliott. The first meeting of the city council under his administration was on April 9, 1902, when the following city officials were chosen : President of the city council — Leonard Freiburger, Sr. ; City Attorney — E. A. Morse; City Physician — Dr. M. J. Lower; Marshal — John McArth- ur; Deputy Marshal — G. L. Drake; Street Commission- er — A. B. Hanks ; City Engineer — B. F. Dorr. The city hall had been nearly completed during the administration of Dr. I. D. Steffen. The city clock was installed during the tenure in office of Mayor Mc- Mullen. Antigo's Fire Department at that time had one hose cart, three hand hose carts, 2,800 feet of cotton and linen hose in good condition, 1,400 feet of rubber hose, six hydrant wrenches, ten play pipes, twelve spanners, ten pair of rubber boots, fifteen rubber coats and thir- teen rubber hats for the equipment of the firemen. At a special election held August 26, 1901, the mat- ter of bonding the city of Antigo in the sum of $18,000 to put in a complete sewerage system was placed be- fore the people. It was voted down by a vote of 273 to 170, or a majority of 103 who were against the measure. Mayor McMullen served his last term as city execu- tive of Antigo in 1901-02 and was succeeded by Thomas W. Hogan, who defeated W. L. Elliott, nomi- nated on March 23, 1902. That day nominees were placed in nomination by Republican and Democrat conventions. There were times when, due to some dissension among certain wings of each city political coterie, a coaltion ticket was placed before the elec- torate. THE ADMINISTRATION OF THOMAS W. HOGAN— 1902-04. Thomas W. Hogan was elected Mayor of Antigo on April 1, 1902 by defeating Walter L. Elliott by a vote of 584 to 380. Mr. Hogan was nominated by the Democrats and Mr. Elliott by the Republican city or- . ganization. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 137 On April 7, 1902, Mayor Hogan outlined his policies to the new city council. He made two suggestions, one that the fire team should sprinkle Fifth Avenue and that the street commissioner should also act as weed commissioner. He ignored party lines in the appointment of city office; s. T. D. Kellogg was chosen President of the council by the aldermen. John McArthur was again named City Marshal with August Vogel and William Berner as his deputies; Dr. Fred V. Watson was elected City Physician and Max Hoff- man as City Attorney. B. F. Dorr and Larry Corri- gan were again chosen for the offices of City Engineer and Street Commissioner respectively. G. 0. Palmi- ter was made Chief of the Antigo Fire Department. Miss Maude Beattie was appointed Deputy City C'erV. THOMAS W. HOGAN Elected Mayor of Antigo in April. 11103. One of the first acts of Mayor Hcgan was to order all gambling devices and slot machines removed from saloons, public halls and tobacco shops. May 5, 1902, a Board of Public Works was created, the first one in the city, and .Aldermen M. F. Crowe, Leonard Freiburger, Sr., and Frank P. Ver Bryck were elected. J. F. Albers was then selected City Comp- troller. The suggestion for the Board of Public Works was made by Alderman L D. Steffen. A new system of accounting was installed in the city offices in May, 1902 by G. D. Bartz, Wausau, expert. May 30, 1902, the Board of Public Works recom- mended the installation of a more effective sewerage system in Antigo, but the proposals were defeated by the city council. The report of the Board of Public Works was then amended at the city council's request and was adopted at a meeting of that body on June 17, 1902. August 23, 1902, Harding, Nelson & John- son of Racine, were granted the sewerage contract for $19,000.00. Antigo's officials, including the Mayor and the city council, took part in the great reunion of the 14th Wis- consin infantry of Civil War fame, in Artigo June 18, 19 and 20, 1902. Antigo was connected with Milwaukee by long dis- tance telephone on October 2, 1902. The first tele- phone conversation to leave Antigo was one from the Antigo Republican requesting a supplement from Mil- waukee containing Governor La Follette's speech at Milwaukee. THE FIRST ADMINISTRATION OF FRED HAYSSEN— 1904-06. Fred Hayssen was elected Mayor of Antigo for the first time on April 5, 1904. He did not have any op- position, receiving 812 votes. The chief event of his first administration was the revision of the charter of the city in 1905. Fulton Street was opened as far north as the First Ward school in 1905 upon petition of residents in that part of the city. Alderman Frank P. Ver Bryck and John 01k resign- ed as Aldermen from the First and Sixth Ward re- FRED HAYSSEN Twice Mayor of Antigo. First elected in in04. spectively on August 1, 1905. W. A. Maertz succeed- ed Mr. Ver Bryck and Thomas Morrissey succeeded Mr. 01k. Extension of sewers to various parts of the growing city was one of the achievements of the administra- tion. During the Hayssen administration the City Park, two blocks between Eighth and Nir.th Avenues, east of Watson street, was purchased by the city council. April 4, 1906, the last meeting of the city council under the first Hayssen regime was held. George W. Hill, the incoming Mayor, then took office for the sec- ond time. Much public building was one of the noticeable oc- currences during the term of Mayor Hayssen. 138 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. THE SECOND ADMINISTRATION OF GEORGE W. HILL— 1906-08. George W. Hill was elected Mayor of Antigo on April 4, 1906, by defeating J. F. Albers. The contest was one of the most exciting in the history of the city. Mr. Hill won by fifteen votes, he receiving 546 to 531 votes for his opponent. The Hill administration took over the government of the city the following day, April 5, 1906. Mayor Hayssen and the old city council "cleared the deck" and in a few appropriate words the retiring Mayor bid farewell to his former associates. Mayor Hill made a plea for harmony in the conduct of the city and urg- ed all factions to forget differences in the interest of the city's welfare. In April, 1906, the contract for the remodeling of the second floor of the public library for training school purposes was let to Thomas Solar, at $1,117.00. The Mary Deleglise park, block 68, city of Antigo, was sold to Mayor Hill on September 21, 1906. This block was platted and soon became an important addi- tion to residential Antigo. The estimated expense for operating the city of Antigo in 1906-07 according to R. Koebke, J. J. French and G. 0. Palmiter, members of the Board of Public Works of that time, were $50,983.00. During the Hill regime additional powers were ac- corded the Mayor by the city cour.cil in the enforce- ment of all rules governing the Ar.tigo Fire Depart- ment. Another impoitant event in Antigo history happened during this period. November 14, 1906, the old C. & N. W. depot was removed from its foundation to make room for the modern depot now used. Many blocks of cement walks and extensive addi- tions to the sewerage system were laid duiing this term. Mayor Hill served until the spring of 1908 when his former rival, ex-Mayor Fred Hayssen was again elected. THE ADMINISTRATION OF FRED HAYSSEN— 1908-10. Fred Hayssen, a pioneer Langlade County resident, who in an early day, before his residence in Antigo, had been in business at Bryant, Price township, was elected Mayor of Antigo on April 7, 1908. He de- feated three other candidates, Leonard Freiburger, George W. Hill and A. F. Brehmer. Mr. Freiburger was his nearest rival, receiving 418 votes to 507 for Mr. Hayssen. Hayssen was elected on a platform of rigid economy in the conduct of the city and took ad- vantage of the dissension in the ranks of his political rivals. The license of saloons was again voted upon. For license again proved victorious. The vote stood : For License — 770; Against License — 451. The city council under the Hayssen administration organized on April 21, 1908. Mayor Hayssen plead for harmony in the conduct of city affairs, making it plain that he would oppose any appropriations for improve- ments unless the money was provided previously. James Steber was elected President of the city coun- cil, William Coblentz was elected Chief of Police, S. J. McMahon was elected City Attorney, Dr. G. W. Moore was chosen City Physician and B. F. Dorr as City En- gineer. June 20, 1908, the Antigo Water Company refused to give the city officials a test of the system. Four days previously the city council instructed the Board of Public Works to engage a competent engineer to furnish estimates of the cost of a complete water works for the city of Antigo. This was a direct defy to the Antigo Water Company. The test was made at a lat- er date. The law suit of the City of Antigo vs. The Antigo Water Company was argued before the railroad rate commission in 1908. The suit was instituted because the city was not satisfied with the company's program of improvements. The railroad rate commission sent four experts to Antigo on July 14, 1908, to make an examination of the water plant. A partial decision was handed down by the railroad rate commission in which the finding was "the testimony shows that the present water supply of the Antigo Water Company is inadequate." The company was given three months to take steps necessary for securing and maintaining a reasonably adequate supply of wholesome water. The order, however, was a provisional ore, supplement- ed later by a more elaborate discussion. August 4, 1908, the Board of Public Works of Antigo was authorized to advertise for bids for paving Cler- mont Street from Fourth to First Avenue. September 17, 1908, the city council began plans for the erection of a sewerage disposal plant and John W. Alvord of Chicago was instructed to make estimations and recommendations relative to the erection of such a plant. Hayssen served until the election of Burt W. Rynders. THE ADMINISTRATION OF BURT W. RYNDERS —1910-12. Burt W. Rynders, who had served in the Hayssen administration as Acting Mayor for many months, was elected Mayor of Antigo on April 5, 1910. He defeat- ed George W. Hill by a vote of 648 to 622 in a hot fought contest. Both men appealed for support on the merits of their past records. The license question was again voted upon at this election and, as usual, was defeated by the overwhelming vote of 823 to 337. Inadequate fire protection for the city was one of the chief questions confronting the Mayor and city council during the Rynder's administration. January 3, 1911, the fire and water committee of the council was ordered to investigate the cost of a modern fire engine. The city council, February 7, 1911, delivered an ul- timatum to the owners of the Antigo Water Company in which it was declared that "unless the said company does not comply fully with all the terms of its fran- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 139 chise on or before July 1, 1911, court proceedings would be instituted in the courts of the state or before the Railroad Rate Commission in order that the city and its inhabitants may be adequately supplied with water for the purposes of fire protection and for do- mestic use." This was but a part of the long fight between that concern and the city and which eventual- ly led to the purchase of the water works by the city. In the spring election, April 4, 1911, little interest was manifested. April 8, 1911, the city council took favorable action on a petition of abutting property owners on Clermont Street between First and Fourth Avenues in which they BURT W. RVXDERS Mayor of Antigo in 1910-12. requested that the street be paved. Westrumite as- phalt was laid the following summer. The Department of the Interior selected the post office site in April, 1911. March 1, 1911, a petition signed by many citizens called upon the city of Antigo to construct and main- tain an entirely new water system in Antigo, "because the present mains and pumps are not of sufficient ca- pacity to furnish the necessary water and pressure for adequate fire protection." Dr. G. W. Moore was elected City Health Officer and H. F. Morson chosen City Attorney to succeed City Attorney S. J. McMahon in May, 1918. Extensive improvements were inaugurated by the Antigo Water Company, under the supervision of F. C. Robinson, expert waterworks man of Manitowoc, Wis., on June, 1911. Work was started on the new sewerage disposal plant in Rolling township in June, 1911. A water test by the Antigo Water Works was ac- cepted by the city on June 29, 1911. The American La France steam engine for the An- tigo Fire Department was purchased during the Ryn- ders administration. The old dispute between the city and the Antigo Water Works was settled. Mayor Rynders served until in April, 1912. George W. Hill was then elected Mayor for the term 1912-13. THE LAST ADMINISTRATION OF GEORGE W. HILL— 1912-APRIL 20, 1913. George W. Hill was again elected Mayor, defeating Burt W. Rynders for that office on April 12, 1912. Four days later the new city council was called into session. Mayor Hill advocated strict economy in the administration of the city. He took the office of May- or following the farewell address of the retiring Mayor B. W. Rynders. James Steber was elected President of the city coun- cil. F. Reindl, John McGreer and J. J. Laughlin were then made members of the Board of Public Works. A proposal to establish a fire alarm system in Antigo was voted down by the city on July 1, 1912. July 8, 1912, the Antigo Fire Department received a new team, which was purchased from the Ullman Sales stable. H. F. Morson, who resigned, was succeeded as City Attorney by R. H. Smelker on July 16, 1912. An ordinance for the building of a $30,000 trunk line sewer to relieve flood conditions in the northern part of the city was defeated at a special session of the city council on October 16, 1912. Mayor Hill served as an efficient officer until his death at Montague, Muskegon County, Michigan on April 20, 1913. He was born on March 15, 1857, ths son of Homer and Elizabeth Hill and came to Antigo in 1882. Mayor Hill was active in city and county politics from then until his death. His body lay in state at the M. E. Church until the funeral April 24, 1913. His eulogy was read by Rev. M. L. Eversz. The following day Leonard Freiburger was elected Mayor of Antigo. THE ADMINISTRATION OF LEONARD FREI- BURGER, SR.— 1913-14. Leonard Freiburger, Sr., a member of the city coun- cil from the Sixth Ward, was elected Mayor on the seventh ballot at a meeting of the council, April 25, 1913. He was officially notified of his election by G. 0. Palmiter, City Clerk, the following day. Mr. Frei- burger had previously served for sixteen years as an Alderman from his ward. His nearest opponent for the office was Lee Waste of the second ward. Among the important events of the Freiburger ad- ministration was the platting of Clermont Heights by Morse & Tradewell Co. This addition to the city was approved by the city council on May 6, 1913. In 1912 the first experiments with street oil were made on Fifth Avenue. During the Freiburger re- gime the sprinkling of all city streets with oil was pro- posed in May, 1913. The applications then were plac- ed on streets, upon request of citizens in the form of a petition. Then oil was applied for the following rates: One application; 12 foot roadway — 75c; 18 foot roadway — $1.10; 24 foot roadway — $1.50; two appli- 140 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. cations— 12 foot roadway— $1.50; 18 foot roadway— $2.20 ; 24 foot roadway— $3.00. The old Antigo Commercial Club was very active in 1913. I. A. Herrick, then Secretary-Manager, was the leader in a movement to establish a public market square in Antigo. Antigo's first modern moving picture theatre was erected by Harvey Hanson, who on May 17, 1913, pur- chased the Lee Waste Fifth Avenue property. The city council appropriated funds for the pur- chasing of lighting standards for the high school park. The lighting system was installed during the summer of 1913. It was during this administration that the Board of Public Works presented to the city council satisfactory LEONARD FREIBl"R(iER CIiosLii M;i\or nf Aiitino following tlic dcatli oi George \\ . Hill. Served in I1M:1-I4. plans for the division of the city into storm sewer districts. L. P. Tradewell was awarded a contract for the con- struction of two blocks of concrete pavemer.t on June 3, 1913. The streets paved were Fifth Avenue, from Superior Street east to Field Street and Su,:erior Street, between Fifth and Fourth Avenues. The con- tract was let for $11,897.00. June 7, 1913, the city of Antigo and Langlade Coun- ty acted as hosts to the Merchants and Manufacturers of Milwaukee, who visited the city. The Cream City people were given a splendid reception by the Antigo business men. The old homstead of F. A. Deleglise was moved from its original location to a spot on the public library grounds to be preserved. The city council authorized its removal to save it from being torn down. The first municipal street sprinkler was purchased in 1913. Previously the merchants made arrange- ments with private organizations for sprinkling streets. The completion of the sewerage disposal plant was inaugurated during the Freiburger regime. During the term of Mayor Freiburger the city pur- chased the Antigo Water Works, which it has since successfully operated. Mayor Freiburger served urtil the election of Dr. L D. Steffen, the first Mayor to serve as such under gov- ernment by commission, March 24, 1914. THE ADMINISTRATION OF MAYOR I. D. STEF- FEN— FIRST UNDER COMMISSION GOVERNMENT— 1914-15. Government of the city of Antigo was changed from, the aldermanic system to that of government by com- mission by an overwhelming vote of the people. The primary election of that mayoralty contest was held on March 24, 1914. Candidates for election were Leon- ard Freiburger, Sr., Dr. I. D. Steffen, E. R. Gibbons, E. H. Palmer, T. J. Roberts, B. W. Rynders and L. P. Tradewell. E. R. Gibbons and Dr. I. D. Steffen, hav- ing the greatest number of votes, were declared nomi- nees. The contest between the primary election and the general election, April 7, 1914, was one of the most spectacular elections in the history of the city. Dr. Steffen defeated Mr. Gibbons by a vote of 730 to 693 and was thus elected the first Mayor to serve under the commission foim of government in Antigo. He is call- ed the father of that form of gDve.'nms/t in the city of ArAigo. G. 0. Palmiter and Frank Dvorak were both elected councilmen in the new government. They defeated John Callahan, anJ Thomas Daskam, the other two nominees. The other candidates for coun- cilmen at the primary election were N. R. Babcock, James Cody, D. P. Corbett, William Kirg, John Mc- Greer, Lee Waste and Joseph Skibba. With the inauguration of government by commission the veto power of a city executive was abolished and a majority of the city council constitutes a quorum. This system also eliminated many committees and the ad- ministration of city affairs progressed rapidly. The city council. Mayor Steffen, City Clerk G. 0. Palmiter and City Treasurer Frank Dvorak, took over the reins of the city on April 21, 1914, when they held the first council meeting. The late F. J. Finucane was selected City Attorney during the Steffen Administration and the stable foun- dation of that form of government in Antigo, is, in a large measure due to Attorney Finucane's wise coun- sel and advice. The city took over the Antigo Water Works in April, 1914, and Frank Dvorak was made manager of the institution. Dr. Steffen was elected to the office of Mayor upon his previous record as a public servant, extending over a period of years since 1887. He deplored faction- alism in the city. The rigid enforcement of the law, particularly that city ordinance pertaining to Sunday closing of saloons, was one of his strong planks in his platform for election. During his administration of affairs taxes were re- duced in the city, the water department operated at a ' profit, an extensive street improvement program was HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 141 inaugurated, many feet of cement sidewalks were laid, new streets and alleys were opened for public con- venience, all city ordinances were enforced, water mains were extended in many parts of the city, the old busi- ness of the aldermanic system was closed and the city was placed upon an entirely new and economic founda- tion. Dr. Steffen served efficiently until September, 1915, when at a special election he was defeated by C. Fred Calhoun. The election was given state wide atten- tion. THE ADMINISTRATION OF C. FRED CALHOUN —1915-1917. C. Fred Calhoun, Superintendent of the Frost Ve- neer Seating Company plant in Antigo, was elected Mayor of Antigo at a special election in September, 1915. He presided over the city council as executive of the city, for the first time on Wednesday, Septem- ber 29, 1915. Mayor Calhoun proved to be a capable city officer. Among the important achievements of his administra- C. FRED CALHOUN Mayor of Antigo — 1!)15-17. tion was the settlement between the city council and the National Surety Company of New York relative to the repairing of the Westrumite paving on Cler- mont Street between Fourth and First Avenues. This settlement was made on October 15, 1915, when the city council accepted $1,000.00 from the National Surety Company with which to repair the street. Before his election as Mayor, Mr. Calhoun was a member of the Board of Education from the Sixth Ward and he resigned from that body on October 14, 1915. B. H. Strong was chosen to fill the vacancy. A contract was let, previously, to John MulhoUand to lay 653 feet of water mains on south Clermont Street, between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. This work was completed during this administration. December, 1915, the city purchased a tank from the Standard Oil Company. The tank is used to store street oil and has a capacity of 12,500 gallons. While not a municipal affair, with which the city council had much to do, it is important to state that the Antigo Post Office was included, December 6, 1915, in the estimates submitted to Congress by Secre- tary of the Treasury Wm. G. McAdoo for the operat- ing expenses for the year 1916. Thirty-four thousand dollars was listed as the amount needed to further the construction of the Antigo Post Office. Twenty thousand square yards of macadam streets were resurfaced and thirty blocks were graded during the Calhoun regime. New sewers were laid, extensions were made to water mains, and 8,785 feet of cement walk was put down by contractors, working for the city. The valuation of the city of Antigo in 1915 was $4,707,752.00 while in 1914 it was $4,566,973.00. November 10, 1915, the city council purchased a fire truck from the Seagrave Motor Company at a cost of $5,600.00. The announcement was made on February 17, 1916, that the city was to have a new industry. The Lang- lade Lumber Company. This followed a formal rati- fication of an informal agreement between officials of the concern and the members of the Antigo Com- mercial Club. Mayor Calhoun was made Chairman of a Finance Committee to raise a large sum of money to insure the city that the lumber company would lo- cate here. March 2, 1916, the city council granted the Board of Education authority to engage an architect and ob- tain plans and specifications for a new high school. The corner stone of the school was laid on July 7, 1916. April 4, 1916, G. 0. Palmiter was against chosen City Clerk by the people, defeating Thomas Daskam. Five thousand one hundred dollars was paid to the Immel Construction Company of Fond du Lac, this being the first of the payments on the new Antigo High School. The school was dedicated October 19, 1917. Charles W. Fish was banqueted on November 2, 1916, at which time he announced his intention to erect a modern sawmill in Antigo, the mill to have a capacity of seven million feet annually. During the Calhoun administration W. J. Gallon was elected first President of the Antigo Association of Commerce, which was organized on April 20, 1917. Mayor Calhoun resigned in the fall of 1917 and a special primary election was held on November 13, 1917, Four aspirants for the office of Mayor were placed in the field. Mayor Calhoun left soon after for Sheboygan, Wis., to make his home. THE ADMINISTRATION OF MAYOR JOHN BENISHEK 1917-20. Four prominent Antigo citizens were placed on the ticket as candidates for Mayor in the special primary election held in the fall of 1917. Munson M. Ross, Antigo's second Mayor, Martin Robrecht, a pioneer 142 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. citizen and a man who had served in various public capacities for many years, H. F. Morson, a former County Superintendent of Schools, former City At- torney and a prominent member of the Langlade Coun- ty bar, and John Benishek, a well known real estate dealer, who had served on the city council for many years prior to the change from aldermanic to govern- ment by commission, were the candidates. H. F. Morson and John Benishek were chosen at the primary as the candidates to be voted upon at the general election. The election was close, John Benishek defeating Mr. Morson by one vote. Mayor Benishek inaugurated a program of economy JOHX BENISHEK .Mayor of .Aiitigo— liilT-20. without parsimony in the conduct of city affairs. His years of experience as a city official gave him a valuable insight to prevalent conditions. Upon the death of City Attorney F. J. Finucane, Charles Avery, who had been Acting City Attorney for some time, was elected City Attorney. He per- formed a service of great value in that position. Mayor Benishek spent much of his time as Mayor securing estimates and making plans for a general program of street improvement and paving. Material was secured with difficulty, yet many of the streets were placed in first class condition. During his administration a resolution was passed whereby all of the principal streets were prepared for paving by getting sewer connections with all build- ings and vacant lots, thus to eliminate the necessity of tearing up a street. The coal shortage of 1918 was so serious that many Antigo citizens petitioned the Mayor and the city council to establish a municipal coal yard. By pur- chasing coal, direct from the mines. Mayor Benishek's policy saved the city approximately $2,000 each year in fuel alone. The Antigo Armory, operated by the city, was un- der the direct management of Mayor Benishek, dur- ing his term. He found that the institution was op- erating at a loss each year. By booking first class shows and under proper management the Armory made money for the city. During his administration new polling stations were erected in the Third and Fourth Wards. Three thousand square yards of gravel were laid on Superior Street, Antigo's principal highway. A modern grader for road and street work was purchai- ed and plans for scarifying Fifth Avenue were made. The sewerage disposal plant was repaired and ex- tensive changes were made in it, with the result that all complaints from Rolling township farmers ceased. The storm sewer from Minola Street to the sand pit, east of the fair grounds, (purchased by the city during the Benishek administration) was completed. Mayor Benishek served as Mayor for two and one- fourth years. He became a candidate for re-election in 1920 and made his campaign upon his previous record. The campaign was one of the most interest- ing of recent elections. He was defeated by but two votes. THE ADMINISTRATION OF MAYOR CHARLES J. HANZEL 1920-22. On February 20, 1920, Charles J. Hanzel, an An- tigo business man, announced his candidacy for May- or of Antigo. The six years of government by com- mission (1914-20) had produced three Mayors, Dr. I. D. Steffen, C. Fred Calhoun, and John Benishek. CllARl ES J. ll.WZEL Elected Mayor of .\ntigo for term l!i2()-2li. Dr. Fred Kestly was placed in the field by a gather- ing of citizens who met at the Elks' Club January 21, 1920. Dr. Kestly later withdrew from the race. Mayor Benishek, who had made an efficient public servant, announced his candidacy for re-election Jan- uary 31, 1920. This made it a race between Mayor HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 143 Benishek, who made his previous record the issue, and Charles J. Hanzel, who made the race on a plat- form of lower taxation and better streets. When the votes were counted it was discovered that it was a tie and would have to be decided by lot. Mr. Hanzel won. Mayor Benishek demanded a recount, which showed the correct vote to be 641 to 639, Hanzel winning by two votes. Thus Hanzel was twice declar- ed Mayor of Antigo in two days. During the summer of 1920 important street im- provements were made in Antigo. Fifth Avenue and the Westrumite paving on Clermont Street were re- paired at once. A new gyratory stone crusher was purchased to replace the old stone crusher which had been in service since 1907. May 4, 1920, Attorney R. C. Dempsey was chosen City Attorney, G. 0. Palmiter, City Clerk and Vice- Mayor, and Frank Dvorak, City Treasurer. Lyman A. Steffen was made City Physician and City Health Officer. T. T. McGillan and M. T. Canfield were mads members of the Park and Cemetery Board. All banks of the city were made city depositories. During the same month nine new wells were completed and add- ed to the municipal water works. An extensive program of water main and sewer construction was carried out. During 1920 and 1921 thirteen thousand feet of water mains were laid. Dur- ing the same time ore mile of sanitary sewers were laid annually. Two miles of storm sewers were laid under the supervision of Harry W. Jackson, Superin- tendent of the Water Department, during this admin- istration. June, 1920, an audit of the city's books was made by an auditor from the Wisconsin Tax ComTiission at the request of the city, to give the public a state- ment as to the actual financial condition of the city. In November, 1921, in accordance with a plank in his platform or a promise to the electorate, Mayor Hanzel selected his unofficial Advisory Board. The twelve citizens chosen were A. K. Potter, Francis Brush, R. J. McQuillan, Peter J. Dunn, Al. Duchac, Wm. H. Wol- pert, John Hessel, W. W. Smith, 0. P. Walch, Walter Daskam, Edward McCandless, and James A. Cody. The first meeting of the Advisory Board was held on May 6, 1921. An outstanding event in the administration was the fight for the ornamental lighting of Fifth Avenue. The proposed white way was endorsed by the Advis- ory Board on August 8, 1921. The contract, calling for 46 single standards, with one light, was awarded to the Freeman-Sweet Company of Chicago, 111., on September 27, 1921, for $9,210. Fifth Avenue was lighted with the white way for the first time at eight o'clock, Saturday evening, December 10, 1921. The lights were turned on by little Elizabeth Berner, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Fred L. Berner. Among other achievements of the Hanzel admin- istration thus far have been the creation of a Poor Commission in Antigo. Mrs. H. V. Mills was select- ed Poor Commissioner in December, 1921 ; the addi- tion of one man on the police force, the establish- ment of a desk sergeant, which was approved by the Police and Fire Commission in November, 1920; the licensing of all Antigo liveries, according to an ordi- nance passed on June 16, 1920; the great July 4th, 1920, celebration, in which Mayor Hanzel unveiled a bronze tablet at the Antigo Armory; extensive im- provements in the City Hall; passed a resolution, January 12, 1921, whereby a new fire department will be constructed, the present one to be turned into a rest room, in accordance with state law; laid thirty thousand feet of curb and gutter in 1921-22, or more curb and gutter in the city than any other admin- istration, and, among other things, assumed care of the old cemetery on April 19, 1922. At a meeting of the Association of Commerce April 19, 1922, the paving of Fifth Avenue was endors- ed. The next day the Advisory Board of the Mayor unanimously endorsed the proposed paving of Fifth Avenue. The contract for the paving of Fifth Avenue from Superior Street to Lincoln Street, Edison Street from Sixth Avenue to Fourth Avenue, Clermont Street from Seventh to Fourth Avenue, and Superior Street from Sixth to Fifth Avenue, was awarded to the F. P. Coughlin Co., Chicago, 111., at approximately $81,000. This is the most extensive program of street improve- ment inaugurated in Antigo. Mayor Hanzel became a Democrat candidate for Congress from the Ninth Congressional District, his announcement being made on April 22, 1922. He is the second Antigo man to be nominated for that office from this district, the other being Hon. Thomas W. Lynch, who was elected in 1892, the first Democrat ever accorded that honor in the Ninth Wisconsin Dis- trict. 144 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XXVI. Newspapers of New and Langlade Counties New County Republican of 1879 — First Publication — Langlade Republican — Woodland Homes — The Weekly News Item — Langlade County Special — The Pioneer — The Antigo Forward — The Antigo Herold — Antigo Republican — The Antigo Journal — Antigo Daily Journal — Farmers Journal — The Antigo Banner — Antigo Herald — Newspaper Changes — Press Associations — School Publications — Directories. The first attempt to publish a newspaper of the pres- ent type was made in 1615. Seven years later The Weekly News was started in England. The first American newspaper was issued in Massachusetts in 1690 and was called "Publick Occurrences." It dis- pleased the government and was supressed. The first Wisconsin newspaper, "The Intelligencer" was issued from Green Bay in 1833. The first newspaper established in Langlade (New) County was in 1879 and was called the New County Republican. The first issue appeared January 3, 1880. George Ratcliffe, owner and editor, came to Antigo from Clintonville, where he had edited The Clinton- ville Herald. When the legislature changed the name of New County to Langlade County the paper became The Langlade Republican. In 1884, The Langlade Re- publican was changed to The Forward with the issue of August 14th. George Ratcliffe was then editor, Gus Lind was the publisher and Ira C. Edwards was business manager. In 1886, The Forward was taken over by C. A. Martin, a brother of Attorney J. E. Mar- tin of Antigo. The same year John A. Ogden pur- chased The Forward from C. A. Martin and changed the name to THE ANTIGO REPUBLICAN. John A. Ogden edited The Antigo Republican until August, 1899, when he sold the plant and paper to C. 0. Marsh. Mr. Marsh published and edited the An- tigo Republican until 1906, when it was sold to a cor- poration called the Republican Publishing Company. During that time it was managed by Messrs. Hopkins and Loper, C. A. Stedman and John T. Brown. In 1912, The Republican Publishing Company sold the paper to Berner Brothers Publishing Company, owners of the Antigo Daily Journal. The Antigo Republican was then discontinued. Thus ended the career of the first newspaper that sought the home of the pioneer by path, trail and blazed guide lines, telling them of the great strides of the future. THE ANTIGO PIONEER. The Antigo Pioneer, established May 8, 1884, was published every Thursday. The Pioneer was publish- ed by Henry Berner, Sr., and edited by Hugo Grosser, who came here from Manitowoc. The Pioneer was a German language weekly, five column quarto, half patent. It was moved to Shawano before the end of 1884 and continued to be published there under a new name. The Pioneer was Democrat in politics. THE WEEKLY NEWS ITEM. The Weekly News Item was established by Arthur B. and Paul J. Millard, August 12, 1882. They came to Antigo from Wausau. The paper was located orig- inally on Fifth Avenue near the railroad track (M. L. S. & W.) in a small building, previously used by Peter Dolan, saloonkeeper. The News Item later moved in- to the Spencer House building, the present site of the Hill building, intersection of Fifth Avenue and Edison Street. It was next located in the second story of the structure now occupied by the H. A. Kohl Hardware Company on Superior Street. In 1884, The Millard Brothers moved to their own building erected on Superior street (now the Mrs. A. R. Winter buildirg). The paper occupied that loca- tion until 1898, when it was then sold jointly to John A. Ogden, owner of The Antigo Republican and W. H. Dawley, then proprietor of The Langlade County Spe- cial. The Special assumed the good will of The News Item. A division of the material and machinery was made by the two papers. Paul J. Millard severed his connections with the News Item when he was appoint- ed Postmaster in 1893. When the News Item was taken over by Mr. Dawley it was published from the Fidelity Bank Building (then known as Dawley Building) and for many years up to 1918 it was issued from that place. It was then mov- ed to 521 Clermont Street, where it is still issued. W. H. Dawley is sole proprietor and editor. THE JOURNAL— WEEKLY— DAILY. In September, 1898, J. H. Fitzgibbons moved to Antigo from Neenah and started publishing a weekly Democratic paper, called The Journal, in the basement of the First National Bank building. It was not suc- cessful and was taken over by George W. Hill. Fitz- gibbons moved to Mattoon, Wis. It was purchased in 1901 by Berner Brothers who returned to Antigo from Columbia County, where they operated a news- paper plant, and moved from the First National Bank building to the Journal building on Superior street. It was edited weekly until Sept. 18, 1904, when the first issue of The Antigo Daily Journal, Langlade County's first and only permanent daily newspaper, appeared. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 145 Fred L. Berner is Editor, Earl S. Holman, City Editor, Henry Berner is Business Manager and Otto F. Berner is Advertising Manager of the Antigo Daily Journal. Berner Brothers also publish two weekly papers, The Farmers Journal and The Antigo Journal. The Jour- nal is Republican in politics. FIRST DAILY ISSUED. The first daily newspaper issued in Langlade Coun- ty was during the 14th Wisconsin Regiment re-union at Antigo in June, 1902. The Berner Brothers Pub- lishing Company issued the Journal daily for three days in recognition of the event. "OUR PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS." March 1, 1887, a Catholic Journal, eight pages, all home print, was inaugurated at Phlox, Norwood town- ship by Rev. Father Philip St. Louis. It was named "Our Parochial Schools." Its service to the communi- ty was such that it soon ceased to be a school paper and became instead a community newspaper. It was originally published monthly, then semi-monthly. Father St. Louis changed the name in 1890, after its growth from the denomination to the broader non- sectarian field to The Langlade County Special. THE LANGLADE COUNTY SPECIAL. The Langlade County Special was originally owned by Father Philip St. Louis of Phlox, who had as an associate John Menting. In 1891, John Menting, Thomas W. Hogan, Sam Leslie and Thomas Ward pur- chased the Special and its good will from Father St. Louis. In the year previous, 1890, The Special was moved to Antigo from Phlox, locating on the site of the Neff-Roberts building. It was later moved to the Lynch building, now the site of Nolte's Shoe Store. In 1892, W. H. Dawley, purchased Thomas Hogan's in- terest and he forwith published The Special until August 13, 1898, when it was merged with The Week- ly News Item. THE ANTIGO HEROLD. The Antigo Herold, a German language publication, was published first in October, 1888, by Edward Goe- bel. Mr. Goebel came to Antigo from Appleton, where he had edited the Appleton Weiker. The Herold was published continually by Mr. Goebel until Decem- ber 5, 1919, when the name and good will of The Herold together with the mailing list was sold to the Langlade Printing Company. Mr. Goebel then began editing The Antigo Banner, serving the same sub- scribers as did The Herold. The Antigo Banner is still edited weekly in the German language. Both The Herold and The Banner are Democratic. THE ANTIGO HERALD. The Antigo Herald, as an English language publica- tion, was launched December 5, 1919. The Antigo Herold, German language weklyv was purchased by W. F. Kasson and Will C. Brawley, proprietors of The Langlade Printing Company. The Herald is a six column well edited paper published every Friday. Will C. Brawley is editor. It is located in the Lang- lade Bank building. The Herald i^ Democratic in politics. A job department is operated in connection with the paper. ANTIGO HIGH SCHOOL PAPERS. Three Antigo High School papers have been known to exist. The first, "The Antigo High School Mer- cury" was published in 1896 and continued until 1898. It was a monthly publication. The Scrap Heap was first edited by the class of 1915, during the year 1914. It continued to be pub- lished by the Junior Class each year until 1918, when it was abandoned. It started out as a monthly but was afterwards published twice a month. The Astonisher, high school paper, made its first ap- pearance in May, 1921, and is published by the stu- dents of all classes in high school. "THE GRADUATE"— ANNUAL. "The Graduate," annual published review of high school activities, is the product of the Senior Cass. The first Graduate was published in 1909. CITY AND COUNTY ADVERTISING. The City of Antigo has been advertised frequently in well edited pamphlets and folders, the last of which was published in 1922. County progress was featur- ed also. OTHER PUBLICATIONS. Antigo is the publishing location of The Beaver, of- ficial organ of the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity, The Clippings, house organ of the Langlade Lumber Company land department, the Langlade County Nor- mal bulletin and the Outlook, Episcopalian pamphlet. The Antigo Publishing Company, for years managed by the late Rev. A. Grimm, publish booklets and pamphlets in German. "WOODLAND HOMES." In January, 1884, F. A. Deleglise and W. W. Hutch- inson, prominent early pioneers and real estate dealers, began publishing a pamphlet boosting Antigo. It was called Woodland Homes. Its foreign circulation was extensive. FIRST CITY DIRECTORY. The first City Directory was published in Antigo by the Inter-state Directory Company. The directory contained approximately fourteen hundred names. It appeared in 1898. Fred L. Berner and Frank Doner were the canvassers who gathered the data. The last 146 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. It city and county directory was published in 1920. contained approximately ten thousand names. A NEWSPAPER OUTRAGE. On January 19, 1899, the mechanical departments of the Antigo Republican, The Harold and the News Item were broken into and type was piled up in a promiscu- ous and chaotic state. Forms, jobs and advertise- ments were "pi heaped." The Herold, where the cur- rent edition was ready for mailing, was thrown into Springbrook. The motive or the culprits were nev- er apprehended. The papers charged the Journal, ri- val publication, then owned by J. H. Fitzgibbons, and some of The Journal's "close friends" as the instiga- tors of the deed. GERMAN PRESS ASSOCIATION. The Wisconsin German Press Association convened in Antigo Friday, Saturday and Sunday, August 19, 20 and 21, 1892. The following is a brief outline of the program: Reception at the trains; meetings at Marmes' Hall ; Address of Welcome by Mayor C. F. Smith; Response by President A. Wittman of the As- sociation. This was followed by a social meeting. Saturday, the German editors inspected the mills and business districts, journeyed to the Eau Claire River (not in automobiles) and on Sunday, the day was spent at Sylvian Lake, now known as Mueller's Lake. THE WISCONSIN PRESS ASSOCIATION. 1885-1921. The Wisconsin Press Association visited Antigo and Langlade County, first in 1885, also in 1888, and again in 1921. They gathered here on Aug. 13, 1835. Many of the editors present then were either at that time well known figures in Wisconsin and the nation or became prominent afterward. Chase S. Osborn, then editor of the Florence Mining News, was in Antigo. He lat- er became Governor of Michigan. Wm. "Bill" Nye, W. C. Hoard, one time Wisconsin Governor, Col. J. A. Watrous, of the old Iron Brigade, Hon. Frank Leland, Sam Ryan, Hon. E. Hurlbut, J. C. Bartholf and others were present. Mayor Thomas W. Lynch welcomed the editors to the little city. J. C. Lewis, George Rat- cliffe, Millard Brothers, were Antigo leaders, who took part in the entertainment. The praise and publicity given Antigo, then a little city of less than three thousand, did much to aid its fu- ture progress. Thirty six years later the Wisconsin Press Associa- tion again visited Antigo, July 26, 1921. The party arrived here from Laona, Wis., July 25, 1921. The following day a program was given at Elcho, Wis., and at the Antigo Armory. Charles W. Fish, Elcho lum- berman feted the editors at Muskie Inn, E'.cho, Wis. A wonderful opportunity to view the developed and raw resources of the county was given the visitors. A program presided over by Judge Arthur Goodrick was given in the Antigo Armory in the evening. J. R. McQuillan and L. A. Maier were General Chairman and Secretary of the reception committee. John A. Kuyper, President of the Association, responded to the address of welcome by Mayor Charles J. Hanzel. Toasts were given by: Walter Gallon, President of the Association of Commerce; Will C. Brawley, of The Antigo Herald; Bert E. Walters of the Reedsburg Times; D. C. Menefee of the Vilas County Review; Louis H. Zimmerman, Secretary of the Wisconsin Press; Fred L. Berner of the Antigo Daily Journal; Robert M. Dessureau of The Antigo Herald; Merlin Hull, ex-Secretary of State; Henry C. Campbell, of the Milwaukee Journal; Dr. I. D. Steffen, ex-Mayor of Antigo. Louis A. Maier introduced the "Antigo Mushroom" typical oldtime weekly newspaper, copy for which was "set up" on the Armory rostrum during the banquet. The meeting at Antigo ended a week motor excursion through northern Wisconsin. I HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 147 CHAPTER XXVII. The Antigo Post Office First Established — Early Receipts — First Postmaster — Rural Routes — Old Locations — Postal Sav- ings Banks- -Postmasters — New Post Office. Mail was carried through Eastern Langlade County over the old Lake Superior Trail twenty years before the location of the first Post Office. This was long be- fore Langlade County was organized as the County of New, and when it was a vast wilderness stretching north to Lac Vieux Desert, and the State Line region known as part of Oconto County. Before the govern- ment survey in 1860, there was a mail station in section 17, Township 33, Range 13 East, of the present limits of Langlade County. This statement is substan- tiated by the U. S. field notes of Langlade County. Building, now known as the Fidelity Bank Building on Fifth Avenue, W. H. Dawley, acting as Postmaster from August 20, 1885 to August 17, 1889. In 1889, the Post Office was moved to the same frame building as used in 1885, W. H. Blinn, acting as Postmaster from August, 1889 to April 23, 1893. The Post Office re- mained there until 1897, when it was moved to the frame structure south of the Fidelity Bank Building on the west side of Clermont Street. From April 24, 1893 to June 30, 1897, P. J. Millard acted as Postmas- ter. P. J. Millard was succeeded by Fred W. Kiefer. THE .ANTIGO POST OFFICE Erected in 1111.5 at a cost of $(50,000.00. The first Post Office was established in the old log store of Neils Anderson, three years after the arrival of F. A. Deleglise in Antigo. The system of caring for mail then was much different than it is today, when Postmaster, Postal Clerk, Rural Carriers, City Carriers, Parcel Post Departments, Money Order Departments, Postal Savings Departments and Stamp Departments labor incessantly from day to day. Neils Anderson was officially selected as the first Postmaster on April 1, 1879, and served until August 17, 1882. On August 18, 1882, Henry Smith was ap- pointed Postmaster, and at that time the Post Office was moved to the frame building of Henry Smith, where he conducted a drug store at the corner of Fifth Avenue and Superior Street. This frame structure served as federal headquarters until 1885, when the Postoffice was moved to the west room of the Dawley who served from July 1, 1897 to July 20, 1901. The Post Office was then moved to the MoUe Building on F'ifth Ave., Edward Cleary serving as Postmaster from July 21, 1901 to July 30, 1910. From August 1, 1910 to Feb. 23, 1915, Richard Koebke acted as Postmaster. On Feb. 24, 1915, Richard Koebke was succeeded by Edward Cody, who is still serving. The site of the present Post Office was purchased from the Antigo Canning Co., June 30, 1911, for $8,250.00. The Post Office building was erected in 1915 at a cost of $60,- 000.00, by W. D. Lovewell, Minneapolis, Minnesota. F. W. Thomas was superintendent. Sydney Chaplin acted as government superintendent of construction. Edward Cody was the first Postmaster and property custodian of the new federal building. City free delivery was instituted November 1, 1903, after Postmaster Edward Cleary had reported receipts 148 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. in excess of $10,000.00. There were then three dis- tricts and the city was served by the following, the first mail carriers : Emmon J. Badger, Roy G. Lyons and Fred C. Brooks. Rural Free Delivery was commenced November 1, 1893, with three routes in the county. The first car- riers of these routes were: A. B. Hanks, George H. Hoffman and William Case. The rural mail service lished throughout the world and has met with growing sentiment everywhere in the United States, was es- tablished in Antigo in June, 1911. The first year's receipts were $415.90. Gene Palmer, a mail carrier, was the first depositor. Mail was carried from Wausau to Springbrook by private carriers before July, 18S0, when the first gov- ernment contract was let. John Doerish operated the NEILS AXDERSOX Antigo's first postmaster, who was appointed April I. 1ST9 by President Rutlierford B. Hayes. .\nderson was also the first .'\ntigo merchant. Mr. has proven a great service to the Langlade County farmers and the isolated communities springing up in the more remote sections of the county. It has put the settler, living in the sparsely settled regions, in constant touch with the outside world, bringing to his door pictorial news, the metropolitan daily newspaper, election returns almost instantaneously and has been an unsurpassed convenience to the farmer. The Star Routes, with the exception cf the Antigo to Elton and return route, have been abandoned. Rural Free Delivery meant the discontinuance of many old post offices within the boundary of the county as it eliminated their necessity. The receipts of the Antigo Post Office for ten year periods since 1890 are: 1890— $5,271.73; 1900— $8,- 157.68; 1910— $19,783.20; 1920— $34,967.48. The Postal Saving System, which has been estab- first stage line out of Antigo. Edward Cody, the present Postmaster, is assisted by the following: P. J. Millard, Assistant Postmaster and O. C. Bardwell, Miss Lily Ladwig, Glen Millard, F. A. Kolerus, Walter A. Betters and William Kuhr. The City Mail Carriers are : Willis Wheeler, Eu- gene Palmer, Jos. Rath, Max Lyons, Emil Cherf and Jos. Feil. The rural mail carriers are: Martin Fishback on Route No. 1, William McGregor on Route No. 2, John Feller on Route No. 3, S. B. Kendall on Route No. 4, and Frank Ferdon on Route No. 5. The estimates and proposals for the erection of the Antigo Post Office were made during the terms of for- mer Congressmen E. A. Morse and Thomas F. Konop, of the now Ninth Wisconsin Congressional Distrcit. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 149 CHAPTER XXVIII. Antigo Churches Congregational — Methodist — St. John's — Seven Day Adventists — St. Mary's Church — Unity Evan- gelical — St. Hyacinth Church — Peace Evangelical — First Baptist — Episcopal — Christian Science — Zion Evangelical — Kahaal Adaas Yesiu. There can be no law without a lawmaker. The finite mind of man cannot explain the phenomena of nature about him. Knowing that system, general or- der and law, which governs nature, prevail, men of every race believe in some supreme being. The advent of Christianity into Langlade County is co-temporary with its first settlements. As early as June, 1878, when Langlade County was a forest prime- val, the Rev. Jesse Cole, a Methodist Episcopal preach- er, drove through the Twin Valley townships and stop- ped in the little forest group of cabins, preaching the tary of State, June 26, 1882, by L. W. Bliss, W. H. Wheeler and B. F. Dorr. The church was erected on the present location and was dedicated on September 9, 1883. The dedica- tory sermon was delivered by the Rev. J. D. WiUard of Appleton. The church has been remodel- ed and an addition placed on the south end since. Pastors thus far have been: Rev. A. D. Adams, Dea- con J. Tibbits, Rev. Henry Ketchum, Rev. C. C. Camp- hell, Rev. William Pease, Rev. P. H. Ralph, Rev. Jesse Sarles, Rev. William Reese Dixon. THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH Established in Antigo in 1883 by L. W. Bliss, W . II. Wheeler, and B. F. Dorr. gospel from the door of Baker's shanty. Rev. Cole had been through the vicinity in 1877 and prayed with a party of landseekers on the banks of the Spring Brook, which was then bordered with giant forest trees. Rev. Phillip St. Louis, born April 15, 1848, at Little Chute, Wisconsin, made a visit to Phlox in 1879. Much of his journeys from Menasha to Phlox and Antigo, his mission villages, were made afoot. The first established church in Langlade County was erected in Phlox, Norwood township in 1881.^ CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Articles of Incorporation of the First Congregation- al Church of Antigo were filed with the Secre- 1. In 1830 mass was celebrated in F. A. Deleglise's log cabin, now preserved on the library grounds. Many Antigo settlers attended mass in the old cabin. In the summer of 1915, the interior of the church was refinished. A handsome pipe organ was install- ed at that time also. The parsonage is just south of the church and is a two story frame structure. METHODIST EPISCOPAL. The Methodist Episcopal Church was erected in 1883 and on June 24, 1883, the Rev. E. L. Eaton, of Madison, dedicated the edifice. A parsonage was erected in 1895, when the second M. E. Church was erected. The Methodist church was then built in its present location. The present parsonage was erected during the pastorship of the Rev. W. A. Hall. The first M. E. Church is now used as the Polish Catholic Church. 150 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Pastors and the date of service at the Methodist Episcopal Church are: Rev. Patrick Burke, 1881; Rev. Perry Miller, 1882-1885; J. J. Foot, 1885-1886; Rev. John Willis, 1886-1887; Rev. F. Howarth, 1887-1889; Rev. J. B. Beadle, 1889-1890; Rev. J. D. Kenestrick, In 1909 a pipe organ -was installed and the interior of the church was completely renovated. UNITY EVANGELICAL CHURCH. The Unity Evangelical Church was organized on Dec. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH The first M. E. Church in Antigo was on Third Avenue, across from the Court House, and is now St. Hyacinth's Polish Catholic Church. 1890-1892; Rev. Henry Dueker, 1892-1893; Rev. T. E. Williams, 1893-1896; Rev. W. A. Peterson, 1896- 1901; Rev. F. A. Nimits, 1901-1904; W. A. Hall, 1904- 1909; Rev. James Churm, 1909-1911; Rev. M. L. 25, 1890. Charter members were : Messrs. Herman Laehn, Gustav Ulrich, William Kupper, Theodore Kupper, Edward Grabowski, Herman Meyer, Gottlieb Erni, William Oldenberg, Jacob Kunz, Henrich Boldt, i THE UXITV E\AXGELICAL CHURCH The present edifice has been in charge of Rev. Carl Xagel since July 1. 190S, church was organized in December ISOO with eighteen charter members. The parsonage and church hall are shown in this picture. The Eversz 1911-1916; Rev. S. J. Tink, 1916-1921; Rev. O. D. Cannon, 1921-1922, Adolph Stahl, Herman Schlundt, Wilhelm Brennecke, Heinrich Brennecke, Carl Brennecke, Louis Krueger, HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 151 Fredrick Kaske and Phillip Wessa. The new church took for its name "Deutsche Evangelische Einigkeits Geminde" or Unity Evangelical Church. The first sonage is separated from the church by the old par- sonage, now used as the Unity Church Hall. Pastor Carl Nagel has been in charge of the church since July .ST. JOHN'S CHURCH L-cted in ISS4 after the original St. John's Churcli had hnrned on Septoinber 2. 1883. Dean Conral .Saile has been in charge of St. John's Churcli since Alay. 18(i:i. church was a small frame structure. This was fol- lowed by the present edifice, a splendid brick build- 1, 1908. Pastors of the Unity Church thus far have been: Rev. August Jennrich, Rev. Benedict Schori, ST. M.ARY'S C.\THOLIC CHURCH Erected In Antigo in September, 1S)01. Rev. Father Frank Kohler was the first priest in charge. ing, which was completed in 1897. The present mem- bership is 97. The Parsonage of the church was built in 1907. C. F. Dallman was architect and contractor. The par- ST. HV.ACIXTH'S CATHOLIC CHURCH ^\■hich was established in 1805. It was originally the M. E. Church of Antigo. Rev. Rudolf Zielinski, Rev. Hermann Retter, Rev. H. E. Blum, Rev. 0. Gilbert, Rev. F. C. Kuether, Rev. Carl Nagel, present pastor. ST. JOHN'S CHURCH. On May 2, 1880, Rev. Father St. Louis said Mass in the humble log dwelling of Frank A. Deleglise, pioneer and founder of Antigo. Father St. Louis nurtured his Antigo mission from Phlox, with a spiritual eye until in 1882, the Catholic population increased such in An- 152 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. tigo that a church was erected, completion of same being in 1882. Rev. Peter Lockman succeeded Father St. Louis. He was succeeded by Rev. Father John Seubert, under whose administration the present edi- fice was begun in 1884, the first church having burned to the ground on September 2, 1883. The first resi- dent pastor was Rev. A. N. Buschle, who came to An- tigo in 1885. He was followed in 1886 by Father Wil- liam Takken and during his first services in Antigo, the St. John's church was completed. The parsonage was also erected in 1886. Father Takken died May 5, 1893, and was succeeded by Rev. Father Conrad Saile of Wilkesbarre, Pa. Father Saile has proven a worthy successor to Father Takken. During the thir- ty years that Father Saile has been in charge of St. John's congregation he has seen it progress to such TIIK l'i:.\Ll-: I-:\A.\(,KLICAL lA'THER.-XX CHrRClI Erected in 1'.I02 at a cost of $r.,000.00. The o](i frame church, now used as a parochial school, can be seen at the right.. extent that the present edifice is no longer capable of caring for the large congregation, and funds are now being raised for a new church. ST. MARY'S CATHOLIC CHURCH. St. Mary's Catholic Church located at the inter- section of Lincoln Street and Third Avenue, was erect- ed in September, 1901. The approximate cost of erecting the edifice was $10,000.00. The first priest was the Rev. Father Frank Kohler, who v/as followed by the Rev. Father Emanuel Kobat. He passed away while at this charge and was succeeded by the Rev. Father J. G. Vorlichek, who is still in charge of the parish. The St. Mary's Parsonage was erected in 1904, dur-, ing the pastorship of Father Kobat. ST. HYACINTH'S CHURCH. The parish of the St. Hyacinth Church was es- tablished on May 1, 1895. The Rev. L. Starostzick was the first appointed Pastor. He was succeeded by the Rev. Father Bieniarz, who, as assistant to the Rev. Father C. F. Saile, organized St. Hyacinth's church. Catholic organizations connected with the church are: St. Stanislaus Kostke Society, St. Hyacinth's Society and Holy Rosary Confraternity. Pastors serving the congregation thus far have been : Rev. L. Starostzick, 1895; Rev. J. C. Bieniarz, 1895-1899; Rev. Quirinas Zielinski, 1899-1907; Rev. Lad. V. Stefaniak, 1907- 1912; Rev. S. A. Warzynski, 1912-1916; Rev. T. Mal- kowski, 1916-1919; Rev. V. Pruc, 1919-1921; Rev. P. Sokol, 1921, who was succeeded in September, 1922 by Rev. Fr. Bemowski. PEACE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. In 1883 the Rev. C. Purzner came to Antigo and or- ganized from the little band of Lutherans in the vil- lage, the Peace Evangelical Lutheran Church. He conducted services in private residences. Rev. Purz- ner was followed in 1884 by the Rev. H. Daib, under whose pastorate much progress was made. In 1887, the first frame edifice was erected. The resolution calling for a structure 26x40 was adopted by the con- gregation in April, 1887. The first church served until 1902, when the present church was erected at a cost of approximately $5,000.00. The church was dedicated October 19, 1902, with services conducted by Rev. F. L. Karth of Synco, Rev. 0. List of Witten- berg and Rev. John Ebert of Birnamwood. The lat- ter directed a sacred concert during the evening dedi- catory services. The building committee consisted of Carl Fuss, Ferdinand Ebert and Joseph Hensel. The architect was A. F. Gruenhagen of Oshkosh, Wis. The first parsonage was erected on Eighth Avenue, west of the church. In November, 1919, the present parsonage was purchased at a price of $5,000.00. The Pipe Organ was installed in the church August 1, 1915, at a cost of $2,600.00. Dedicatory services were conducted by Rev. E. Englebert of Birnamwood, while an organ recital was given by Prof. H. M. Hahn of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Pastors of the church have been: Rev. C. Purzner, 1883-1884; Rev. H. Diab, 1884-1889; Rev. P. Cuechke, 1889; Rev. A. Grimm, 1891-1919; Rev. 0. Neuman, August, 1919-1922. Rev. Neuman was in Antigo as a student in 1901-1903. The Peace Evangelical Luth- eran Church is located at the corner of Eighth Avenue and Lincoln Street. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. The First Baptist Church Society of Antigo was or- ganized in May, 1883. The first meeting of the so- ciety was held at the old county court house. The peo- ple of the Baptist faith held their first services in the old Fourth Ward School, the Odd Fellows, Good Tem- plars Hall, and the old Herman Hall, until the pres- ent church was erected. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 153 The Baptist church was dedicated on March 17, 1887, during the pastorate of the Rev. J. Staley. The church cost $5,008.73. It was completely remodeled in 1919, a stone foundation and a basement dining room being added. Pastors of the Baptist Church were as follows : Rev. W. L. Cook, Rev. J. J. Staley, Rev. A. C. Brown, Rev. J. H. Fairchild, Rev. Brinsted, Rev. Theo. Hansen, Rev. Jos. Malley, Rev. Hansen, Rev. Arthur Irving, Rev. Charles La Reau, Rev. N. F. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH Which was dedicated in 1887. The church was complete- ly remodeled in 191i). The Baptist Church has been organized in Antigo since May, 1883. Clark, Rev. A. C. Watts, Rev. David Alexander, Rev. H. C. Carnell and Rev. F. L. Holden, who is in charge at the present time. ZION EVANGELICAL CHURCH. The Zion Evangelical Church was organized in An- tigo on May 19, 1888. The organizers were: Rev. M. Ganeche, Fred Miller, John Walch, Fred Boettcher and Ferdinand Bothie. The church is located at the intersection of Seventh Avenue and Edison Street. The congregation has no resident pastor, a student pas- tor coming from Appleton to preach each Sunday. Rec- ords as to when permanent pastors were here are not to be found. EPISCOPAL CHURCH. On January 3, 1883, the Rev. Brown, made a visit to Antigo and conducted Episcopal services. The Rev. Fathers 0. S. Prescott and L. D. Hopkins visited An- tigo during 1887 to 1890, inclusive. Rev. W. R. Gardner, D. D., visited Antigo on Octo- ber 11, 1883 and conducted Episcopal serv- ices in the present Polish Catholic Church. In 1885, the Rev. J. Jameson held services in a hall lo- cated on the southeast corner of Superior Street and Fifth Avenue. The Right Rev. Hobart Brown con- ducted his first services in Antigo in the Odd Fellows Hall. This was January 3, 1886. THE ZION EVANGELICAL CHURCH The Zion Evangelical Church Congregation was organized in 1888. The church is located on Seventh Avenue at Edison Street. The first church was a frame structure located on Milton Street near the present resider.ee of Dr. C. B. Baker. The church was moved from its first location to the corner of Sixth Avenue and Clermont Street. The Episcopal church was called St. Joseph's until 1908, when the name was changed to St. Ambrose. The present St. Ambrose Church was built by con- tractor J. W. Otis and completed July 14, 1908 at a cost of $10,748.00. The corner stone was laid amid im- pressive ceremonies under the auspices of the Grand Lodge K. of P. on August 18, 1908, with Bishop Coad- jutor Weller of Fond du Lac as the guest of honor. St. Ambrose Church is built of hard head granite in fif- teenth century architectural design. The Vicarage was erected in 1907. Vicars of the church were : Rev. J. Jameison, 1886-1887 ; Rev. Alfred W. Griffen, 1890-1891; Rev. L. C. Birch, 1894-1897; Rev. R. G. Osborne, 1899; Rev. L. Moran, 1900; Rev. Geo. H. Kesselhuth, 1904-1905; Rev. J. Boyd Coxe, 1905; Rev. W. L. Williams, 1906-1907; Rev. Fred W. Allen, 1907-1908; Rev. Arthur Searing Peck, 1908- 1909; Rev. R. Johnston Campbell, 1909; Rev. Alfred 154 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. W. Griffen, 1909-1913; Rev. Cuthbert F. Hinton, 1913- 1918; Rev. J. J. Crawford, 1918-1919 and Rev. Le Roy Jahn, 1920-1922, who is in charge at the present time. The old church is now used as a Guild Hall and is just west of the Vicarage. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE (EDDY) CHURCH. The Christian Science religion was founded by Mary Baker-Eddy, who was born in New Hampshire in 1821 and died in 1910 at Boston, Mass. The first church was established by her in 1879. The Christian Scientists belief was brought to An- tigo by E. R. Horn. The first church was organized meetings in the Odd Fellows Hall before the erection of their new edifice at the corner of Superior Street and Seventh Avenue on the site of the old Fred Herman Planing Mill of pioneer Antigo history. The church was formally opened Dec. 13, 1921. SEVEN DAY ADVENTISTS. The Seven Day Adventists, while a small congrega- tion, is one of the oldest religious organizations in An- tigo. Elder Charles Herman, the first Sheriff of Langlade County, erected the first Seven Day Adven- tist Church, corner of Eighth Avenue and Superior Street. It is still standing. The edifice was sold to THE EPISCOP.\L CHURCH Xow ill charge of Rev. LeRoy .\. Jahn, was erected by 1. W. Otis in I'.IOS. in Antigo in January, 1895. The original members of the church were: E. R. Horn, Mrs. Wm. Heckman, Charles Anderson, (all still residents in the county) George Doersch, John Dexheimer, Mr. Luedke and Fred Miller. First meetings were held in the old G. A. R. Hall, standing then where the Greisch building is to- day. The founders of the church in Antigo then held meetings at residences of members. Rooms were used in the I. O. O. F. building for five years prior to erection of the present church. The Antigo society of the church was incorporated on May 27, 1916 by W. H. Fuller, Minnie H. Palmer, Lenora Gelbke, E. F. Horn and Ernest Hirt. The Christian Scientists held their the Jewish people of Antigo in 1909. The Seven Day Adventists then erected a church in 1910 on Eighth Avenue costing $1,700.00. The church has thirty-five members at the present time. The officers are : George Stamper, Deacon; Charles Georgeson, Elder; E. A. Sage, Treasurer. KAHAAL ADAAS YESIU. The Kahaal Adaas Yesiu, (Jewish Congregation) was dissolved on August 11, 1915. The synagogue is located at the corner of Eighth Avenue and Super- ior Street. It was purchased from the Seven Day Ad- ventists in 1909. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 155 CHAPTER XXIX. Literature, Art, Music The Unwritten Literature of the Pioneer — Charles McFarland, Wolf River Country Writer — Rev. Carl Nagel, Poet — Rev. A. Grimm and Writings — May Napier Burkhart Poems — Paul Swan- son Short Stories — Margaret Ashmun — George Hutchins — Pioneer Art — Early Langlade County Artists — The Pioneer Singing Bee — Antigo's First Singing Master — Neighborhood Entertain- ments—The Village Church and Log School Centers of Music— The Quintet Club of 1883— The Forest City Band of 1884 — Aeolian Band and Orchestra — Antigo Cornet Band — Antigo City Band — Orchestras — Musicians Association — Radio — "Music in the Air." None of the writers of Langlade County have made literature a profession. Those who have written have done so at leisure — more for amusement and pastime. In the pioneer history of Langlade County there is the unwritten literature of the public address, the debates on local questions, the verbal thoughts and ideas of the county orators — all of which had a bene- ficial influence on our early citizens. The early churches, music halls and pioneer "gatherin' places" would often resound with the eloquence of the civic leader, the political leader and the reformer. Charles McFarland was the earliest of pioneer writ- ers. He was prominent in the development of the county. During his term as Chairman of Wolf River township (Evergreen township) he contributed arti- cles to local newspapers commenting in his character- istic style on county progress. Mr. McFarland start- ed a historical story dealing with the pioneer settlers of the Wolf River Country. It has never been publish- ed. The Rev. Carl Nagel, Pastor of the Unity Evangeli- cal Church, who was born at Port Washington, Wis., September 28, 1873, has composed several poems, many of which have been given national circulation. "The Amateur Sportsman," a delightful poem of a fisherman, and "Farewell to the Lake" were publish- ed in Outers Magazine. But recently a poem, "Is It Nothing to You," depicting the misery and the starva- tion of the Armenian children was officially adopted by the Near East Relief campaign and was widely dis- tributed during the relief drive. Rev. Nagel has translated songs for publication from English to Ger- man and vice versa. He has composed many other poems of a patriotic, benevolent or charitable nature. The Rev. A. Grimm was born in Petershagen, Kreis, Schevelbein, Pommern, Germany, January 18, 1864, and came to Antigo as Pastor of the Peace Lutheran Church in 1891. Rev. Grimm was an author of note, whose books were read all over the United States and elsewhere. In his early years his books were publish- ed under the non de plume of Alfred Ira. His works were written in German, but several were translated into English. His books include: Der Pastor's Nach- lass, which was so used that four editions were re- quired. Das Stiefmutterschen, Dodai, Unter Uns, Unter dem Apfelbaum, Bilder aud dem Reisepredi- gerleb — all stories of his German missions close to Antigo. Sommerfaiden, Der Missionplatz, Aus der Alter Kaffeemuehle, Liebe, Im Zukerbusch, Ehwuer- den Nudel, Wenn Mann's Gut Meint Gemutlich, Gott- hold I and II, Der Prachtjunge are others of his work, of which many are in the Antigo Library. Rev. Grimm also wrote many plays in both English and German for enactment by church organizations. Rev. Grimm died February 12, 1922, following an attack of paralysis. He attained greater success in his liter- ary work than any other Langlade County resident. May Napier Burkhart, a graduate of the Langlade County Normal and a public school teacher, has writ- ten many poems, the first of which appeared in the local press when she was fourteen years old. Invar- iably they are of the Walt Mason type and deal with contemporary topics. More important of h?r poems have been: "Money in the Bank," "Aunt Sarah's First Basket Ball Game," "Hunting a House" and "Daily Habit." Margaret Ashmun, once a teacher in the Antigo Public Schools, published Ashmun's Prose Literature for Secondary Schools in 1910. She was then an in- structor in the English Department of the University of Wisconsin. Paul Swanson, 162 Fred Street, Antigo, has written short stories for publication in nationally known maga- zines. His latest story is entitled, "His Unearned Reckoning," and was published in Truth Magazine. George Hutchins has written many poems, one of the best of which is, "A Warning to Sinners." The town of Hutchins, Shawano County, was named in his honor. ART AND ARTISTS. In early days Langlade County pioneers were busy clearing away the forests, tilling little patches of soil and building their cozy log and frame houses. Little did they enjoy of the luxuries of life so apparent in this age. No man here was expected to live solely by his artistic talents. None of the artists of Lang- lade County have had any other than self training. Photography was in existence when the county was organized so painting and drawing were not neces- sary to preserve the memory and faces of family and friends. 156 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Langlade County has had a number of artists who will be briefly mentioned. James Smolk is the pioneer painter of Langlade County. He was born in York township, Medina County, Ohio, February 17, 1859. He came to Antigo January 2, 1882, and has since resided there. Mr. Smolk is a prolific painter of more than ordinary abil- ity. His little studio is located on Fifth Avenue, where he divides his time between mixing colors and barbering. William G. Lindsay, a young artist of talent and ability, was born April 1, 1878, at Oshkosh. His ear- ly education was in the Antigo public schools. Mr. Lindsay resides at 128 Filth Avenue. He has painted many local scenes and takes especial delight in land- scape. His chief work, however, is commercial sign painting. George Falkenhagen, Jr., was born July 22, 1890, at Chicago, 111. He moved to Antigo in 1904. Mr. Falkenhagen has made a number of landscape paint- ings and sketches of Langlade County's woods and streams. Two of his paintings, one a view of the south arm of Post Lake and another a view of Duck Lake, were exhibited at the Wisconsin Sculptor's and Painter's ninth annual art institute in Milwaukee March 1 to May 1, 1922. He has many decorative paintings in the county to his credit. Mrs. John Burnet conducted her art institute and exhibits in the Cleary building (K. C. home) from 1914 to 1917. She then moved to her home at 303 Superior Street. Mrs. Burnet is an ar- tist of local distinction. Her work is confined largely to landscape and teaching hand China painting in which she is an expert. She has conduct- ed classes in the Vocational School for the past few years. Mrs. Eugenia Hutchinson Worman, pioneer Antigo lady, has made a name for herself in the art world. She has been awarded honorable mention for her Painting, "Zinnias" at the University of Washington art exhibit. Mrs. Wormer is a sister of Malcolm Hutchinson, pioneer settler. She was the first teach- er of music and drawing in the Antigo schools. Floyd Michaelson, son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Michaelson, of Bryant, Price township, a promising student, now attends Pratt Institute at Brooklyn, N. Y. He is adept at commercial drawing and cartoon art. Harold Pond, born in Appleton, June 20, 1897, is nevertheless an Antigo product. He entered Pratt In- stitute at Brooklyn, N. Y., after graduating from the Antigo High School in 1917. He is now with the American Crayon Company of New York. He is a splendid artist. Nick Fredericks, a painter and decorator, was born January, 1866. He came to Antigo in 1904. His prin- cipal decorative work has been the interior of the Langlade County court house. Lindsay Brothers, Leon and Frank, came to Antigo in 1886 with their parents. Frank Lindsay was born September 13, 1869, at Beaver Dam, Wis. Leon was born April 15, 1871, at Chilton, Wis. They are pio- neer Antigo painters and decorators. Clarence Freiburger, son of Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Freiburger, Sr., was born in Antigo, June 23, 1891. He has engaged in painting and decorating for many years. He specializes in interior, exterior and sign painting. Max Dietz is a painter and decorator who has been in Antigo since 1904. Charles Courtney came to Antigo in 1883 and be- gan artistic sign painting in the village. E. V. Palmer, a sign painter, came to Antigo the same year. Harvey Guile, a native Langlade County resident, was born in Norwood township in 1887. He has fol- lowed the decorative painting field since his youth. Important decorative painting has been done by him on the court house building. Palace Theatre interior, ward schools, Antigo High School, county jail and other places. George and Herman Strube, well known Antigo young men, have been engaged in decorative painting for a number of years, both as employes and now in a partnership of their own, organized in 1921. George was born in Audubon, Iowa, July 1, 1888. Herman Strube was born in September, 1886. The Strube Brothers moved to Antigo with their parents about 1890. They have done much in their field in Antigo, including the decorative work of The Hoffman House and the Unity Church. Ernest Strube, deceased pioneer decorator, was born in Hanover, Germany, and after coming to America emigrated to Antigo in 1890. He engaged in painting and decorative work at once. His principal work was the Antigo Opera House, the old Music Hall interior scenery and the Unity Church interior. L. G. Lambert, pioneer Antigo painter and decora- tor, came to Antigo in 1885. He was born in Marke- san. Green Lake County, Wisconsin, in 1869. Mr. Lambert has decorated, among other places, the Armory club rooms, public library, bank buildings, city hall, etc. There have been and no doubt are others who have a local reputation for art work whose names are not enumerated here yet are equally meritorious. The few mentioned prove that Langlade County, less than fifty years eld, is well represented by artists and works of art as in other lines of human endeavor and progress. Our people are learning that as we live and admire the beauty of nature it enhances and de- velcpes the beauty of the soul. MUSIC AND MUSICIANS. "Music," said Victor Hugo, "is the vapor of art." It is to poetry what reverie is to thought, what fluid is to liquid, what the ocean of clouds is to the ocean of waves. This "vapor of art" made its appearance in Langlade County with the first settlers. When the county developed, when farms were opened and home- steads claimed, when churches, community halls and logs schools were erected, then the old fashioned sing- ing master, the accordian and violin genius and the . dance instructor introduced neighborhood entertain- ment into Langlade County. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 157 The village church and the early log school were the gathering places of the early singers. Then the accordian, mouth organ and violin were highly prized. Few were able to play. However, each church had one or two members who could be relied upon. The early settlers on the Military Road and in Norwood and Rolling townships frequently gathered at the school where the younger folk of the community pre- sented an entertainment. Antigo's first singing master was J. E. Anderson, who conducted a singing class starting December, 1883, and continuing until the spring of 1884. The Antigo Quintet Club, consisting of Dr. H. V. Mills. Mrs. H. Mills, Dr. J. C. Petty, W. H. Blinn and H. Phillips, was organized in December, 1883. The club gave its first concert December 21, 1883, at the new Congregational Church. Dr. H. V. Mills and Dr. J. C. Petty composed the music, with one or two ex- ceptions. In the summer of 1884 The Antigo Comet Band was organized with Dr. H. V. Mills as leader. The Forest City Band followed and was composed largely of the same membership. These were Antigo's pioneer musi- cal units. Another early day musical organization was the Aeolian Orchestra in which James Smolk, pio- neer violinist, Mr. Praehl, Ed Kiefer, John Haeffler, Frank Modi and Charles White were members. The old Antigo Cornet band of 1884 was revived in 1891 and was active for a few years later. L. D. Dana was its leader. The Antigo City Band was or- ganized in 1907. Fred W. Leubcke is its leader. Neva Imperial Band, organized by Neva township musicians, was most successful in 1918. Elcho sup- ports a band equal to many in this section of Wiscon- sin. Mrs. Lillian White Freyn of Chicago, who lived for many years in Antigo, has made a splendid record in the musical world. She is now conducting recitals and concerts in Chicago. Mrs. Freyn studied at the Fine Arts School, Chicago, 111. She left Antigo in 1907. James Strnad was a prominent violinist in Antigo for many years before he left in 1919 for Chicago. His son, a lad of nine years, studying in Chicago, has a wonderful career as a violinist before him. The first violin to form the sound reproducer and amplifier of talking machine records was patented May 24, 1910, patent No. 959318, by Wm. H. Des- sureau, 1435 Clermont street, Antigo, Wis. THE RADIO— "MUSIC IN THE AIR." Great advancement has been made in wireless tele- phony. It is now possible to sit at home and hear a complete concert many miles away. Weather fore- casts, the correct time, market reports, stock fluctua- tions can be communicated to the invisible audience. These communications travel on radio waves at a speed of 186,000 miles per second. The currents they induce alternate too rapidly for any mechanism yet devised to register directly. A detector, therefore, is essential in all radio work. The experience of listening to music out of the air is quite unique and interesting. The novelty naturally makes a strong appeal and will be carefully watched by manufactures and retailers of the talking machine. In these and other matters there are signal opportun- ities awaiting the inventive genius of the coming gen- erations. It is difficult to realize that but twenty-six years ago, in 1896, the first talking machine was exhibited at the Langlade County fair by James McCarty. It was an odd looking instrument with many long tubes running from the sound reproducer. These tubes were placed to the ear of the listener. No record could be heard without the use of a tube. Five and ten cents was charged to hear one record. The first broadcasting radio wireless in Langlade County was installed by Lynn Matthias of Antigo. Mr. Matthias is a member of the American Relay Radio Association. Irvin Leuck has cooperated with Mr. Matthias in radio experimentation. Harold Chapman and Neal Thayer are among those known to have received messages and enjoyed radio concerts from great distances. MUSICIANS ASSOCIATION NO. 638. Antigo Local No. 638, Musicians Protective Asso- ciation was organized January 8, 1917. Fred Luebcke was the first President. Other officers were : A. L. Lauby, Charles Urban and L. G. Lambert, Vice Presi- dent, Secretary and Treasurer respectively. Those present at the first meeting were : James Strnad, Chas. A. Urban, Fred W. Luebcke, Raymond Chadek, W. J. Giese, Fred Schneiter and Stanley Kames. The Antigo Local is now active in Langlade County mu- sic circles. Past and present members of the associa- tion are: H. C. Becker, Mrs. G. Beard, Ben Benishek, Emma Blahnik, Ralph Berner, E. A. Boettcher, F. P. Burkhart, Virgil Biefind, Ben Barta, L. G. Barnes, Betty Carpenter, Raymond Chadek, J. C. Clausen, Hulda Dallman, Mrs. P. Dahleiner, Clarence A. De Chemm, Arthur Du Mont, Raymond Eseucius, Andrew Fagen, Mrs. George Fehring, Esther Fehring, Frank Galligher, Wm. J. Giese, Mattie Gibson, Lee Herman, Al J. Hunter, Victor Hunter, Floyd Hunter, Bert House, Frank Janousek, Peter Jachimstachal, Stanley Kames, Dan Keen, Henry Keen, John Kocian, Victoria Krall, E. H. Kimball, Mrs. E. H. Kimball, Stephen Kimball, Arthur and Claude Clifford, V. E. Kundinger, Olive Kubiacyzk, Wm. Kuhn, Harold King, Wencel Koltz, Wm. Keelan, M. Lambert, L. G. Lambert, A. L. Lauby, F. W. Leubcke, Tony Lindner, James Lich- man, Bruno Meyer, Wm. Meagher, Stanley Mills, A. M. Mader, B. Maull, B. E. Morgan, Mrs. Sylvia Mil- ler, John Obester, George Onsanda, Harold Porter, Guesseppe Pomilio, Frank Pinkner, Charles Parrot, Anna Shapiro, John Schroepfer, Fred Schneiter, James E. Strnad, Blaine Stewart, Charles Schuler, James Schultz, Joseph Turechek, George Turechek, Earl Tobey, George Theby, Charles A. Urban, Grace Urban, Clyde Van Doran, A. Vogel, A. L. Vendner, Althea Wade, A. L. White, Earl Weaver, C. Williams and Mrs. Edith Walters. Music teachers in Antigo: Hazel Kelly, Emma Blah- nik, Mr. J. Roberts, Howard Jaekel, Mrs. Perkins, Edna Nagel, St. John's Sisters, 0. Mader, John Schroepfer, St. Hyacinth Sisters, and Ruth Wunder- lich, vocal lessons. 158 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XXX. Commercial Antigo Business Firms of Today — Location — Organization — Commercial Associations — Business Men's Association of 1885 — Mercantile Protective Association — Old Commercial Club — Fifteen Thou- sand Club — Association of Commerce. History, it is said, repeats itself. The pioneer mer- chant, anxious to supply the demand of a critical pub- lic, handled many and diverse articles. A suit of clothes or a sack of oats could be purchased at the same store. As time passed business house in Antigo began to specialize in one line of goods. Today, how- ever, firms are reverting to the pioneer method, viz., the purchasing of any article desired under the same roof. Thus came into existence the modern depart- ment store. The A. Goldberg Department store, or- ganized in 1887, once located in the Goldberg building. Fifth Avenue and Edison Street, was the only department store that developed with the city, since 1887. A. Goldberg erected the brick building, corner of Clermont Street and Fifth Avenue, and moved from it in 1907. The E. Wigderson Department store was opened in the Hill Building, Antigo, in 1903. E. Wigderson has two other stores, one at St. Paul, Minn., and another at Rhinelander, Wis. M. Krom & Son are early Antigo merchants, the former coming here in 1888. The present store opened as Krom & Slepyan in 1912 and M. Krom & Son com- menced business in 1913. The J. C. Penney Company opened a store in the Kratche Bldg., 717 Fifth Avenue, April 27, 1920. C. Melgaard came here from Williston, North Dakota, and assumed the management. Eight regular em- ployes are on the clerical force. Wm. H. Wolpert is the oldest exclusive clothing merchant in Antigo. DRUGGISTS. R. J. Leutsker, pioneer druggist, present organiza- tion started 1913; J. F. Albers, bought out R. J. Leutsker, April 2, 1890; City Drug Store, John Mc- Carthy, organized February 11, 1901, corner Fifth Avenue and Clermont Street; A. A. Leuck Drug Store, 705 Fifth Ave., purchased from J. C. Spencer in 1911; C. D. Gauthier Drug Store, purchased from E. E. Williams in 1913. FURNITURE AND UNDERTAKERS. McCandless & Zobel, E. McCandless and Robert Zobel, props., 717 Fifth Avenue, organized in April, 1904; Muttart-McGillan Company, H. B. Muttart and T. T. McGillan, props., Krom Bldg., organized Novem- ber, 1918, outgrowth Antigo Furniture Company, or-, ganized July 1, 1912. JEWELERS. Anton Molle, started with J. Braun, October, 1894, 1897 bought out latter, now known as Molle's Jewelry, 821 Fifth Avenue; L. D. Dana Jewelry Company, Ull- man bldg., organized March, 1888; Charles Braun Jew- elry, Neff-Roberts bldg., started in 1910; J. F. Breiten- stein. Jeweler, organized in 1905. SHOE DEALERS. Carl Krause Shoe Store, started March, 1913, locat- ed at 1019 Fifth Avenue; Cody Shoe Store, 721 Fifth Avenue, organized June, 1913, outgrowth Edward Cody Shoe Store of 1899; Economy Shoe Store, Griesch bldg., started August 1, 1921, Chas. Cody, prop.; Nolte's Shoe Store, 0. G. Nolte, prop., 811 Fifth Ave- nue, purchased Herbst Shoe Store April 6, 1921; Richter Shoe Repair Shop, 725 Fifth Avenue, started May, 1889. SHOE SHOPS. Economy Shoe Repair Shop, P. J. Samolinski, prop., opened May 17, 1920; Ben Jones Market Square Shop; Lepinski Shoe Shop, opened in 1920; Wolf's Shoe Shop, Fifth Avenue, opened in 1920; Antigo Shoe Hos- pital, Wm. Neuburger, prop., 527 Superior Street, opened in 1921 ; Progressive Shop, Karl Cash, Morse Street. ANTIGO GROCERS. Maloney's Grocery, Irvin Maloney, prop., started May 10, 1919, Field Street; Palmer's Grocery, John Palmer, prop., started March 1, 1909, Sixth Avenue and Superior Street; Bee Hive, Harry Goldberg, prop., started in 1919; Evenson's, M. J. Evenson, prop, 1539 Clermont Street, started May 20, 1919; Buerger's Grocery, 1025 Eighth Avenue, 0. Buerger, prop., start- ed spring 1903; C. B. Knapp's Grocery, 208 Hudson Street, started April 20, 1920; Ada R. Winter's Gro- cery, 633 Superior Street, started Feb. 12, 1912; Frank Baxter, started March 30, 1907; Frederick's Grocery, 225 Tenth Avenue, started October 8. 1921; Joseph Duquette Grocery, 100 Superior Street, started April 2, 1921 ; Market Square Grocery, George C. Wahleit- ner, prop., started May 15, 1920, 724 Superior Street; Koutnik Grocery, Frank Koutnik, prop., started 631 Fifth Avenue, November 15, 1921; Railway Co-opera- tive Company, Masonic Temple, started April 11, 1918, S. D. Warren, John McKenna, L. A. Howard, Jos. Poss and A. K. Potter, incorporators; Goldberg HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 159 Grocery, started in 1907, Edison Street entrance, Gold- berg building; C. A. Maertz Grocery, 1501 Neva Road, started April 15, 1918; Mosher Grocery, Borgman (Butterfield bldg.l, started Fe-bruary 2, 1918; Lang- lade Farmers' Co-operative Company, Superior Street; Schroeder Grocery, corner of Fourth Avenue and Dele- glise Street, started in August, 1922; Fred Boldt's Grocery, 351 Field Street, started July 6, 1916; Albert Winter's South Side Grocery, started at 710 Maple Street November 2 ,1918; L. Krom Produce Company, Edison Street; J. A. Rudolph, Fifth Avenue, started fall of 1888; Antigo Grocery Co., Helmbrecht & Clif- ford, Props., started in September, 1922. HARDWARE STORES. Lendved-Schultz Hdw. Co., 707-709 Fifth Avenue, organized May, 1906; John Hessel Hdw. Co., organ- ized November 1, 1900; A. L. Kommers Hdw., Field Street, organized July 1, 1915; Jos. Gruber Hdw., or- ganized March 1, 1914; Antigo Hardware, Inc., 813- 815 Fifth Avenue, organized September 1, 1900. REAL ESTATE— INSURANCE— LOANS. John Benishek & Son, 718 Fifth Avenue, organized January, 1915, outgrowth of John Benishek Real Es- tate office, started in 1890; Morse & Tradewell Com- pany, Molle-Albers bldg., started October, 1907; Radtke Realtor, Harry E. Radtke, prop., started Feb- ruary 28, 1921; Mose A. Jansen Agency, started Jan- uary 1, 1921, 723 Fifth Avenue; Fred W. Kiefer, start- ed in 1906, present location, February, 1921; Joseph Duchac. Sr., started in 1880, 1043 Fifth Avenue; N. R. Babcock, 232 Field Street, started in 1901; James Gagen, Fidelity Bank Bldg., started in 1913; Crandell & Arveson, Fifth Ave, organized in 1922; C. E. Loper, 328 Lincoln Street; Paul Thompson and S. B. Ullman, considerable real estate dealing; Whiting & Dempsey, insurance; John McGreer, for years local Baldwin estate representative; W. J. Hammond, real estate; E. H. Palmer, opened on April 1, 1902. Other agents are Z. T. Bagby, Geo. W. Schmitz, J. J. Joslynn, M. T. Canfield and Harry Carpenter. The Langlade County Real Estate Board was or- ganized January, 1920. ABSTRACT COMPANIES. The Langlade County Abstract Company, J. W. Brown, prop.. First National Bank Bldg., started July 1, 1905, originally organized February, 1905, by Fred Hayssen; The Antigo Abstract Title Company, or- ganized April 28, 1921, Fidelity Bank Bldg. FLOUR AND FEED STORES. Farmer Boy, George Manthey, prop., 612 Superior Straet, started October, 1916; Langlade Wholesale Grain & Groc. Co., organized September 15, 1919; Farmers' Feed Store, Schleis & Kopeschka, Sixth Ave- nue, started September 1, 1921; Farmers' Elevator, 1001 Seventh Avenue, Fred W. Ophoven, bought out A. L. Lauby, August, 1915; Frank Krause, Krause bldg., started March, 1914; McCandless Feed Store, purchased from E. Yahr in November, 1920, located 602 Fifth Avenue. CLOTHING FIRMS. W. H. Wolpert & Brother, Wolpert Bldg., Fifth Ave- nue, organized June 15, 1911; Friede's Clothe's Shop, H. Levin, Mgr., organized December 8, 1918; Aaron's Good Clothes Shop, M. Aaron, prop., started August, 1917; Baures Brothers, Fidelity Bank Bldg.; The New Continental, A. E. Sims, Mgr., Clermont Street and Fifth Avenue, organized April, 1922; Lempereur's Clothing Store, Fifth Avenue, started in October, 1922. LADIES' SHOPS. Werner's Shop for Ladies, J. Werner, prop.. Butter- field bldg., organized September 16, 1916; The Style Shop, I. Cohen, prop., organized February 13, 1913. FRUIT STORES. Lipman Brothers, 716 Fifth Avenue, started in 1908; Antigo Fruit Company, A. Lombardo, 820 Fifth Ave- nue, started September, 1917. GARAGES. Palace Garage, Reed & Shubert, props., since No- vember, 1921, March 15, 1921, it opened as Kernohan & Shubert, George Kernohan retired July, 1921, busi- ness at 807 Fifth Avenue; Van Doren Motor Car Com- pany, C. W. Van Doren, Prop., organized May, 1915, located at Superior Street and Sixth Avenue; Buick Garage, E. H. Maxson, prop., 526 Clermont Street, opened August 18, 1918; Kelly Motor Sales Co., H. J. Kelly, prop., Edison Street, started in 1920; Othersall & Sorenson, Sixth Avenue and Superior Street, open- ed in 1917; Antigo Hdw. Garage, started in 1914; The General Garage, Dorczeski & Kielcheski, props., 524 Superior Street, opened in 1922; Marathon Motor Car Co., started December, 1918, lo- cation Fourth Avenue and Edison Street; East Side Garage, Frank Schoblasky, prop., opened July, 1922. TINSMITHS. Priebe Brothers, A. Priebe and H. Priebe, 508 Su- perior Street, organized in 1910; Antigo Sheet Metal Works, John Koudelka, prop., organized in 1905, lo- cated Neff-Roberts building. AUTO LIVERIES. Abel Livery, 623 Fifth Avenue ; Kelly Auto Livery, Edison Street; Schufelt Livery; Coblentz & Ottman Livery; T. J. Martin Livery, oldest in city. BAKERY SHOPS. Frederich Gunkel Bakery, 506 Superior Street, or- ganized November, 1908; The Antigo Bakery, Carl Zech, prop., started August, 1915; The West Side Bak- 160 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. ery, M. W. Noack, prop., purchased from Maertz & Jesse in 1907, located 1024 Fifth Avenue; The Honne Bakery, A. H. Murten, prop., purchased from H. Finch, November 24, 1921; Sanitary Bakery, started May, 1919. PLUMBERS. Louis Peters, located 727 Fifth Avenue, started in 1904; Antigo Heating & Plumbing Co., Filbrandt & Vowinkle, started July 17, 1921; Falkenhagen Broth- ers, started in 1912, George Falkenhagen, prop.. First National Bank Bldg.; Jos. W. Hoefer, 1542 Neva Road. MEAT MARKETS. Klemann's Market, Peter Klemann, prop., 810 Fifth Avenue, opened March 1, 1920; Palace Meat Market, L. P. Kieffer. prop., opened March 24, 1919, at 907 Fifth Avenue; Vogel Market, A. H. Vogel, prop., since 1912; Wm. Bork, 510 Superior Street, started March, 1902; Ryder & Ry-nders, Superior Street, start- ed September, 1921 ; Collins Brothers, 1022 Superior Street, purchased Havlicek & Capek on November 15, 1921; West Side Market, J. Huenik, prop., started De- cember, 1921, 1037 Fifth Avenue; The City Meat Mar- ket, J. M. Kubichek, prop., 1009 Fifth Avenue, opened July 1, 1922; Waste & Kadow Shop, Fifth Avenue, opened by Lee Waste and Ed Kadow in May, 1922. BOWLING ALLEYS. Krause Bowling Alley, Anton Krause, prop., pur- chased from F. J. Hoffman, July 28, 1921, Fifth Ave- nue and Dorr Street. MUSIC HOUSES. B. Jewell Music House, Jewell Bldg., was started in 1915; Hutchins Music House, E. G. Hutchins, prop., started October. 1920. ANTIGO THEATRES. The Palace Theatre, Harvey E. Hanson, prop.; Armory Theatre, John Hanus, prop. BOOK AND 10-CENT STORES. L. D. Hartford Store, L. D. Hartford, prop., sole prop, since July, 1922, located at 729 Fifth Avenue; F. W. Woolworth Store, located at 824-826 Fifth Ave- nue, opened September 16, 1921 ; The McLellan Stores Co., opened November 7, 1921, (successor to Metro- politan Stores, Inc.) located 820-822 Fifth Avenue, C. A. Howell, prop.; News Stand, Mrs. L. E. Johnson, prop, since April 16, 1920. SOFT DRINK PARLORS. Anton Cornelius Stand, 710 Fifth Avenue, bought from Frank Augustin in 1922; Suick's, "The Club," 908 Fifth Avenue, established by I. Suick in 1890, op- erated by Phil Suick since death of I. Suick; Maltby & Maltby, Amos and John Maltby, proprietors, started June 8, 1920; Kupper's Place, Theo. Kupper, proprietor, started in present site July 1, 1914; Wm. Reader, Market Square Hotel, started 1911; Northern Hotel, John Benes, start- ed April 1, 1919; Walk's Place, taken over by Law- rence Walk, October, 1912, started in 1888 by Carl Walk; Jos. Seis & Frank Grossman, Farmers' Head- quarters, Field Street, started May 10, 1919; Hoffman House, F. J. Hoffman, started 1884; Butterfield Annex, Maloney & Fehring, props.; Hotel Antigo Annex, George Fehring, prop.; Alois Aulik, prop, at 828 Fifth Avenue, partnership since September 7, 1921; H. Mar- itny Place, established July 1, 1901. RESTAURANTS. Frey Brothers, Elmer and Earl Frey, succeeded their father, William Frey, who operated for many years in Antigo; Antigo Cafe, Peter Rouman, prop., opened in 1916, Mr. Rouman purchased from Miss Anne Helmbrecht in fall, 1921, located at 827 Fifth Avenue; Depot Lunch Counter, C. & N. W. depot; Kupper's Lunch Room, Theo. Kupper, prop; A. L. Lauby's Lunch Stand at Suick's; Seis & Grossman's Stand; Anderson's Restaurant, Morse Street, opened May, 1922; Ye White Grille, started in September, 1922, Fifth Avenue and Dorr Street by Romeis Broth- ers. TAILOR SHOPS. J. W. Herman Tailor Shop, Hill Bldg., oldest in An- tigo, started May, 1897; R. A. Rassmussen's Shop, Fifth Avenue; Keen Tailor Shop, successor to T. R. Atkins, opened May, 1922; Mrs. Paetzer Shop, Super- ior Street, opened 1922. ELECTRIC SHOPS. T. Bardwell Electric Shop, 613 Clermont Street; R. Healy, Jr., 627 Superior Street; Spiegel Electric Shop, 509 Fifth Avenue; Chas. Furgeson, electrical engi- neer, shop on Neva Road; Antigo Storage Battery Co., E. F. Kaske, prop., 611 Superior St., organized Sept., 1919. HARNESS SHOPS. James Jensen Shop, 619 Fifth Avenue, operated since November 15, 1913, and Frank Riendl, 827 Fifth Avenue, who has been in business since spring 1903. ANTIGO BARBER SHOPS. Antigo Barber Shops are: James McCormick's; Hoffman House Shop, George Crummey, prop. ; Ten- ney's, C. R. Tenney, prop.; Frank Vandervest's; Schoenfeldt's Shop, George Schoenfeldt, prop; Wil- liam Ladwig's Market Square Shop; Wm. Kohl's Shop; Thos. Grignon's; McGee's Shop, Wm. McGee, prop. ; Northwestern Shop, Lewis Stengl, prop. ; Smolk's Shop, James Smolk, prop.; Paul Yaeger Shop. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 161 LADIES APPAREL SHOPS— MILLINERS. The Ladies Specialty Shop, known also as The Quality Shop, opened July 30, 1921, at 722 Fifth Ave- nue, and has proven popular. Mrs. Alice Walker, a thirty year resident of Antigo, has associated with her Miss Dorothy Parsons, twenty years an Antigo resi- dent. Miss Myrtle Otis has a Quality Art Shop, con- ducted since April, 1922, in the Greisch building. The Gift Shop, Mrs. R. Koebke, prop., opened in May, 1916, in the Molle-Albers bldg., and enjoys a fine patronage. Antigo milliners are: Mrs. Wahl, Molle-Albers bldg., started in March, 1900; Miss Nan Miner in Style Shop; and Mrs. Lillian Koelzer, who in September, 1895, succeeded her mother, Mrs. M. A. Ferguson, who ran the store from 1882. COAL AND WOOD DEALERS. Dakin & Strong, George Dakin and B. H. Strong, Props., Field Street, successors to Farnham & Yahr, started September 1, 1919; Mehne & Neilson, started 1921, successors to Mehne & OthersoU and Donohue Coal and Wood Co., 1005 Fifth Avenue; Duchac Coal & Wood Co., started spring of 1917; Quinlan Coal & Wood Co., Carroll and E. A. Quinlan, Props., started in 1920. DAIRY— CREAMERIES. Pacific Ice Cream Co., 612 Clermont Street, Harry Quackenbusch, Prop., started in 1911; Heyl's Dairy Store, W. C. Heyl, Prop., started January 9, 1922, Greisch Bldg.; J. H. Howe Creamery, J. H. Howe, Prop., started in Antigo township spring of 1908, in the city of Antigo, April, 1921 ; Antigo Dairy, 235 Lin- coln Street, E. J. and H. W. Byrne, Props., started August 1, 1914; East Side Dairy, Claude Clifford and L. Tibbetts, Props., started April, 1922; Antigo-She- boygan Dairy Products Co., A. A. Kriewaldt, Prop., started September, 1921, at 612 Fifth Avenue; Green's Dairy, H. W. Green, Prop., started Antigo township, 1904; Klessig's Dairy, Antigo township, E. Klessig, Prop., started April, 1921. CONFECTIONERY BUSINESS. The L. J. Koles Candy Company, located at 608 Dorr street, organized April 29, 1919; Princess Parlors, 731 Fifth Avenue, Louis and John Sarris, props., pur- chased Peter Papadakis, January 1, 1921; Adraktas Sweet Shop, Chris. Adraktas, Prop., opened in 1916. VULCANIZING SHOPS. Bishop & Mentch, Clermont Street, started spring of 1922; Dan Keen Tire Shop, 612 Superior Street, start- ed fall of 1917; The Antigo Tire Repair Shop, A. H. Sengstock, Prop., 1913; Bretl Tire Shop, Superior Street, G. Bretl, Prop., opened in 1921. TRANSFER LINES. The Walter Weinandt Transfer Line, W. Weinandt, Prop., purchased from John Kingsbury, August 16, 1920, located at 613 Edison Street; R. M. Briggs Trans- fer, 831 Fifth Avenue, established in 1887; The Serv- ice Transfer Line, Robert Briggs, Prop., started March, 1922; Jess Garland Line, established in 1921. SECOND HAND STORES. The Cash Sales Company, J. W. .and Lyle Otis, Props., Otis Bldg., Superior Street; Raskin's Second Hand Furniture Store, 613 Fifth Avenue. BLACKSMITH SHOPS. Antigo Wagon Works, Leonard Freiburger, Sr., Prop., Field Street; Joseph Wirig Shop, Field Street; Houdek's Shop, Superior Street; Aulik's Shop, Edison Street; Farmer's Co-operative Shop, rear of OthersoU & Sorenson Garage, R. Jonas, Prop. PHOTOGRAPHERS. F. W. Bauter, 519 Superior Street, oldest in Antigo; H. R. Madison's Studio, started November 10, 1905; Kingsbury Kodak Store, A. J. Kingsbury, Prop., start- ed May, 1906, located Hill Bldg.; Wessa Studio, Fifth Avenue, W. H. Wessa, prop. HORSE DEALERS. J. Ullman Co., office and sales stable, 721 Fourth Avenue; Toyle Bros.; J. Aulik; and Paul Thompson. FARM IMPLEMENT STORES. P. F. Kelly Implement Store, 801 Superior Street; J. F. Jones, 631 Edison Street. TEA AND COFFEE STORES. N. J. Greisch, Greisch Bldg., Fifth Avenue; and P. C. Monday representative. SHINE PARLORS— POOL ROOMS. Jenkins' Cigar Store, Ben Richter, Mgr., 815 Fifth Avenue; Metaxas Pool Room, T. Metaxas, Prop.; Metaxas Shine Parlor, Fifth Avenue; Smith and Gar- land, Props., Palace Pop Corn Stand; Chas. Boyle's Pool Room, Fifth Avenue. POTATO WAREHOUSES. Bain & Company, Morse Street; Penny Warehouse, Edison Street; N. Ginsberg, Dorr Street; Leonard, Crosset & Riley, rear of Edison Street, between Fourth and Fifth Avenues. GINSENG BUYERS. W. G. Betters, E. Wigderson Depart.iient Store, Peter W. Krier and William Berner. POTATO BUYERS. Prosser Brothers, Nathan Ginsberg, L. Ginsberg, David Bain, D. C. Dewey, A. Penny Co., L. Starks Co., Homer Beattie, M. Mageland, for Leonard, Crosset & Riley. 162 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. RAILROAD OFFICIALS. J. L. Leppla, Superintendent of Ashland Division; F. Doner, Assistant Superintendent of Ashland Divi- sion; A. L. Sohrweide, Chief Clerk to Superintendent; J. T. Fitzgerald, Chief Train Dispatcher, Antigo; J. Eva, Chief Train Dispatcher, Ashland; W. B. Murrary, Assistant Superintendent, Ashland; C. H. Perry, Divi- sion Engineer; Ben Bradley, Chief Clerk to Division Engineer; E. C. Larzelere, Agent at Antigo; Thomas Cavanaugh, Yardmaster at Antigo; W. E. Peterson, foreman of Antigo Rour.dhouse; E. H. Hadler, Super- intendent of Telegraph; A. K. Potter, Purchasing Agent for the C. & N. W. over many divisions; F. Slater, Kau- kauna. Master Mechanic; W. A. Brandt, Roadmaster, subdivision No. 1; H. Van Gorder, Roadmaster, sub- division No. 2; C. S. McConnel, Rradmaster, sub- division No. 3; G. Darrow, Roadmaster, subdivision No. 4; A. L. Kickhaefer, Roadmaster, subdivision No. 5; Division Accountant, Frank T. Lynde; Assistant Division Accountant, Edgar Van Gorder. SOFT DRINK FACTORIES. The Taylor Beverage and Candy Co., W. J. Giese, Mgr. ANTIGO HOTELS. Hotel Butterfield, R. T. Marson, Prop.; The Hoffman House, Frank Hoffman, prop.; Schneiter's (new) Hotel, F. G. Schneiter, prop.; The Market Square Hotel, William Reader, prop.; The Bacon House, C. G. Bacon, prop.; The Hanousek Hotel, John Hanousek, Jr., prop.; The American House, B. W. Rynders, prop.; The Northern Hotel, J. W. Benes, prop. THE FIRST OF MANY THINGS COMMERCIAL. First Antigo saw mill — Louis and Jos. Novotny, props.— 1879. Grist mill — Novotny Bros., props. Attorney— G. W. Latta. Mayor — Thomas W. Lynch. Doctor — F. J. Despins. Jeweler — W. H. Blinn. Merchant — Neils Anderson. News Stand — L. Mendlik. Settler in County — W. L. Ackley. Hotel — Springbrook. Blacksmith — Edgar Neff. Dentist— H. V. Mills. Automobile— 1902— W. L. Elliott, owner. Sidewalk (cement) — in front of John Ogden's resi- dence, 1897. Bicycle — John Blinn, owner, 1884. Newspaper — New County Republican. Circus — Col. G. W. Hall's U. S. & Great Eastern Consolidated shows, the first circus to visit Antigo and Langlade County, exhibited June 16, 1884. Roundhouse — opened January 1, 1883. Brick building — The Dawley building, now Fidelity Bank Building. Barber — "Chub" Watkins. H. S. Graduate — Agnes Donohue. First board sidewalk — in front of Springbrook Hote', Teipner Bros., props. First Jail — log, erected in 1881. Flying machine, first exhibition in Antigo by aviator John Schweister of Wausau in 1910. COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS. The first Langlade County commercial organization was instituted April 19, 1885. Rooms were secured and fitted up in the second story of the block, corner Clermont Street and Fifth Avenue. The organiza- tion was called The Antigo Businessmen's Association. Its purposes were to "extend and improve social re- lations and to encourage local manufacturing, establish new industries and maintain good municipal govern- ment." It advocated prohibition and stood for no- license. Those who signed organization articles were W. H. Lord, F. A. Deleglise, J. C. Lewis, H. C. Hum- phrey, J. J. Simpson, W. W. Hutchinson, J. E. Martin, H. A. Kohl, M. M. Waite, Charles Sipes, T. D. Kellogg, C. A. Martin, C. S. Leykom, R. J. Leutsker, Ed. Das- kam, George Ratcliffe, J. G. Champion, Irvin Gray, A. C. Clarke, W. B. Johns, J. E. Clancy, C. G. Adkins, L. Lusk, A. W. Dean, F. M. Sherman, W. S. Morgan, J. K. Smolk, Paul Weed, B. F. Dorr, and John E. Mul- lowney. This was followed by other important civic and com- mercial associations, which lasted a few years and were replaced. The more important of these were the Mercantile Protective Association, organized April 14, 1893, the 15,000 Club, a real estate unit, organized February 26, 1908, and the old Commercial Club, which while not active, still exists. The Antigo Association of Commerce was organized in January, 1917, and W. J. Gallon was elected first President, which office he still retains. Offices of the Association are in the Hill Building. Other officers are: Vice-President — Fred L. Berner; Treasurer — Frank G. Wanek; Secretary — Mrs. L. E. Dickensen; Directors — A. A. Lueck, Chairman, F. G. Wanek, Dr. F. C. Kestly, Chas. Cody and C. 0. Miller. Meetings are held monthly. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 163 CHAPTER XXXI. Pioneer Merchants and Buildings Merchants of 1879 — Fifth Avenue a Wilderness — First Store — First Real Estate Office — Business Conditions — The Old Opera House — Difficult Access to Trading Points — The Approach cf a New Era. The first mercantile firm in Antigo was that of Niels Anderson, who came from Mills Center, near Green Bay, to the Antigo settlement in 1878. He opened a store on Superior Street, facing east towards Spring River, known now as Springbrook. It was a log store with scooped roof, and while very crude, was the be- ginning of what has since developed into the business district of Antigo. The Anderson store was a success and for years was the nucleus of all activity in the vil- lage and surrounding territory. It was through the efforts of F. A. Deleglise that Mr. Anderson was in- fluenced to locate here. The first real estate office of Antigo was located across from Niels Anderson's store in the log building owned by F. A. Deleglise. Many settlers can still re- call negotiations of land affairs with the founder of Antigo. In the year of 1879, L. D. Moses of Ogdensburg, Waupaca County, settled in Antigo, and opened the second store. The building was constructed of rough lumber and was located on the east side of Superior Street, south of the UUman B'ock. Mr. Moses con- ducted this store for five years, and then engaged in the banking business. The store was then taken over by Irvin Gray, who assumed complete charge by 1886. When the first stores were opened, there were less than fifty settlers here. Between the years of 1878 and 18S0 there was not a house east of "Spring River." There were only two farm houses between the village of Antigo and Aniwa and the journey was long and treacherous between the two points. Dr. D. S. Olmsted came to Antigo in 1879 from Embarrass, Waupaca County, and erected two crude buildings on the east side of Superior Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. "Doc" Olmsted was de- scribed as "cute and bright." He was Justice of the Peace, and Clerk of Court, and was one of the pic- turesque characters of early Antigo. In 1879 Louis Mendlik of Manitowoc setded here. He built a two story frame building. This was locat- ed between Sixth and Seventh Avenues, across from the present site of the Antigo Public Library. He en- gaged in the book and stationery business. In 1880 Antigo possessed two other buildirgs, a log school house on the present site of the P. F. Kelly Implement Store, Third Avenue and Superior Street, and the Old Twin Valley Inn, erected on the south- east corner of Fifth Avenue and Superior Street. Julius and Charles Teipner of Oshkosh settled in Antigo in 1879. They erected a stopping place on the present location of the Market Square Hotel. They provided headquarters for the logging teams and lumbermen who went ir.to the Wolf River country during the historic log drives. This is a complete description of the pioneer dis- trict between 1877 and 1880, and is worthy of perma- nent record to preserve for posterity the names, loca- tions and character of the early merchants and their business establishments. During the first years business was limited. The Milwaukee Lake Shore and Western Railroad had been nothing but a dream. Our neighbors at Shawano had "scoffed" at its coming into Antigo and declared \^^ f ^ THE F1R.ST OPERA HOUSE ERECTED IN ANTIGO Which burned to the ground on May 22, 1895. It was then owned by Hoeffler Brothers. that it would go "up in smoke." Forty-five miles of wilderness separated Antigo from Wausau, from which place many an early settler laboriously hauled a sack of flour on his back the entire distance to his home in the woods. Shipments of produce necessitat- ed expensive hauling by oxen or horse. It was a tedious journey from Aniwa to Antigo, and goods and food products were hauled over a trail that had not emerged from "totedom." There were few farmers in Langlade County in 1880 and as the gov- ernment census indicates permanent settlers number- ing 685. Those fortunate to have a surplus of pro- duce such as potatoes, corn, hay or clover had diffi- cult times to get in contact with the merchant. Roads were few, yet the merchants were busy. Produce was exchanged by homesteaders for needed household 164 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. goods, and Antigo, in its embryo stages, was prosper- ous. We shall learn that through this period of mu- tual helpfulness and cooperation and through the gradual approach of the railroad, the wonder of the new north took on unheard of proportions and the dream of F. A. Deleglise to found a city unfolded in reality before his eyes. THE NEW ERA PERIOD OF 1882-1886. The growth of Antigo from March, 1878 to the end of the period of 1881 was slow and at times discourag- ing to the first vanguard of mortals, who showed the way of those who followed. Antigo did not increase rapidly in population between 1878 and 1882. Never- theless the hardy pioneers, strong of character, un- swervedly kept faith in an ideal village, and by the summer of 1882, less than a year after the firsi. rails were spiked, a new era of heretofore unsurpassed prosperity and expansion was witnessed. By 1886, Antigo was a city of 2,500 inhabitants. From eight business establishments it had grown to be an in- corporated city. During this period of development the following were the chief business firms: Opera House; J. H. Weed Saw Mill; Antigo Planing Mill; City Planing Mill; Herman & Becklinger Sawmill; Fred Herman Planing Mill; Novotny's Sawmill, later Kellogg & Kellogg Sawmill; R. M. Goodwin & Co. Broom Handle Factory; W. D. Badger Hub and Spoke Factory; Ed Neff B'acksmith Shop; Johns & Kerlings Pioneer Iron Works; J. E. Clancy Building Factory; Milwaukee Lake Shore and Western Railroad engine house and depot; Bacon, ToUefson & Com- pany; Irvin Gray Mercantile Store; Hessel & Leykom Hardware; Langlade County Bank; J. C. Lewis & Co.; W. W. Hutchinson, Real Estate; F. C. Meyers Meat Market; H. L. Ferguson; Antigo House; Teipner House; Spencer House; G. W. Hill Meat Market; Jacob Wavrunek Store; Sherman & Dawley Real Es- tate; G. C. Williams Meat Market; Luetsker & Wilter- ding Drug Store; H. Smith Drug Store; Morgan Art Studio; C. Censky Shoe Store; O'Connor & McDon- ald Livery; Shove & Baily Store; Captain William Stone, Blacksmith; Bridgeman Variety Store; W. H. Blinn, Jewelry; Janes Billiard Hall; Vantassel & Daugherty; Charles Jaekel Store; Smolk Barber Shop; Lillian Horton, Dressmaker; C. R. Morehouse, Black- smith; Crocker and McHale, Contractors; Kropf & Zuehle Market; Lind & Sipes; Zahl & Robinson; Bow- man Gun Shop; Henry Berner, General Store; Silbar & Goldberg; Clithero & Strong Lbr. Co.; Peter Fish- back, Clothing Store; Bailey & Shaver; S. Buerger News Depot; S. Neuman Store, and C. G. Adkins, Store. H. A. Mills was the first merchant police in Antigo. He was employed by the merchants on Central Avenue (Fifth Avenue) in February, 1885. Peter Johnson is the merchant police officer of Antigo in 1922. T. H. Robbins and Frank Sherman opened the first roller skating rink in Antigo in 1885. Roller skating was the leading means of recreation and diversion for the people of Antigo then. It was then popular all over Wisconsin. In 1885, the merchants of Ar.tigo began a campaign for the construction of board sidewalks on Fifth Ave- nue. Considerable discussion was made at th2 time over the width of the walks. No sidewalks were con- structed without authority of the common cour.cil of the city, after its incorporation in 1885. Road improvements was advocated by Antigo mer- chants in 1885, with the result that the road from An- tigo west into Ackley township (now highway No. 64) was turnpiked and greatly improved. Settlers in that vicinity had complained to Artigo merc'ients that it was then difficult for them to get their produce into Ar.tigo to the markets. Lots were sold in the South Park Addition to Antigo by W. W. Hutchinson in 1885 for from $25 to $125.00. The Antigo Busiress Men's Association held their first meeting in their headqaurters in October, 1885. The program for City Advancement in Antigo as in- augurated in 1885 was as follows : How to build the city of Antigo: Talk about it. Write about it. Speak well of its public spirited citizens. Invest in something, if you have money. Don't be a knocker. Be courteous to strangers. Always cheer the men who go in for improvements. Help to improve it. Speak well about it. Beautify the streets. Advertise. Elect good men to public offices. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 165 CHAPTER XXXII. Public Utilities The Volunteer and Paid Fire Departments — Telephone Industry — Old Bowman Central Station of 1883 — Progress — Antigo Telephone Corporatinn — Antigc Electric Light Systems — The City Hall — Antigo Water Company — Police Department — City Finances. When the first settlers of Antigo were in peril of fire the "bucket brigade" was adopted, being the first system of fire protection in the village. When the early residents desired pure drinking water open wells, wooden and other pumps were sunk, this being the first "water system" of the little hamlet. When they wished to communicate with a neighbor a distance away they did not telephone, but hitched up old "Dob- bin" and made the call. They carried an oil lantern to the barn instead of turning on an electric light switch and milking the cows by a Mazda light. They read the late arriving papers and magazines by the light of oil burning lamps that partially illuminated their homes. The "city fathers" or town officials met at Niels Anderson's log cabin and later at Spencer's Hall instead of holding conferences in the sanctum of a modern city hall. These hardy folk paved the way and suffered inconveniences that this generation and posterity might profit because of their faith. From the story of the muricipal and public utili- ties as presented the reader will notice an improve- ment and wonderful progress since the coming of the first white settlers into the land dubbed "Deleglise's Dream." THE FIRE DEPARTMENT— VOLUNTEER AND PAID. The paid Antigo Fire Department was organized in 1903 and G. 0. Palmiter was chosen first chief. Pre- viously equipment and organization consisted of a Hose Company, Hook and Ladder Company, and an Engine Company of volunteers. The first fire appara- tus was a hand suction pump called "the man killer." The pump was first used the afternoon after its arriv- al in a fire at the Herman, Becklinger & Herman mill. One of the first acts of the city, when incorporated, was to secure a second hand fire "steamer" from the city of Appleton. This was used at the Clithero & Strong mill fire for the first time and proved satisfac- tory. The steamer, called "The Ben Jones," was of a type such as the fire department owns today, but was smaller and of less power. In 1885 and for a time later, the city did not own a fire team. When the alarm was sounded whoever came with a team first would hitch onto the apparatus and proceed to the conflagration. In the absence of a team, the hose cart, engine and truck and ladder were "man pulled" to the fire. The sons of Mr. and Mrs. H. Berner lived close to the fire department headquarters and were usually first to "hitch on." The first Fire Wardens appointed by Mayor Thomas W. Lynch, April 20, 1885, were: First Ward, W. F. Bowman and Thomas Sanvidge; Second Ward, T. D. Kellogg and B. F. Dorr; Third Ward, E. Meaghers and C. F. Dallman; Fourth Ward, E. R. Van Buran and Charles Thompson. June 10, 1885, Alderman George Clithero introduc- ed a resolution, which pass«d, instructing the fire de- partment committee to lease a lot on "main street" near the Lewis corner on which to erect an engine house 24x40 feet and 12 feet high with "double front doors." The first fire apparatus purchased by the city was June 7, 1885, when, at a special meeting of the city council, an engine, hose cart, and a hose and hook and ladder truck were purchased "from Gleason & Bailey." July 7, 1886, $900 was appropriated for purchasing fire hose from the Hamilton Rubber Company and Louis Novotny was engaged at a $100 a year salary to act as steam fire engineer. August 8, 1886, all fire companies and the hook and ladder company were dissolved, shortly after F. M. Sherman had resigned as volunteer chief. August 11, 1886, the fire department was reorganiz- ed with the following officers: C. S. Leykom, Chief; W. F. White, Assistant; A. D. Rice, Secretary. Feb- ruary 7, 1888, members of Rescue Hose Company No. 1, Volunteers, resigned. On February 21, 1888, the citizens were called upon to organize a hose, hook and ladder, and engine company pursuant to section 3, chapter 173 of the laws of 1887. The apparatus in possession of the resigned companies was collected by the City Marshal with authority of the city council. It was not long before Antigo had a new fire fighting unit. May 6, 1888, a new constitution and new by- laws of the Antigo Engine Company were formed and accepted by the city council as follows : ANTIGO ENGINE COMPANY. Preamble: "The undersigned citizens of the city of Antigo hereby agree to associate 'ourselves' to- gether for the purpose of forming an engine company to form a part of the Antigo Fire Department and re- quest the common council to accept us as such; to have the custody, care and control of the two fire engines in said city." As such company the citizens organ- ized themselves under an entirely new set of rulings. RESCUE HOSE CO. NO. 1. Under the provisions of section 3, sub-chapter 12, chapter 173, laws of 1887, Rescue Hose Company No. 166 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 1 was organized and accepted by the city council. The petition for acceptance was signed by E. B. Kennedy, Casper Peck, John Tobin, A. L. Ross, A. Novotny, Wm. Mader, Peter Becker, W. H. Dawley, Gabe Ka- planek, E. McKenna, C. Druesen, M. R. McCann, W. B. Johns, F. J. Finucane, G. E. Keen, S. Buerger, John Mader, Wm. Berner, Louis Berner, John Reide, Fred Myer, H. L. Furgeson, and L. Wahl. ALERT HOOK & LADDER CO. NO. L The constitution and preamble of the Alert Hook & Ladder Co. No. 1 was signed by the following: H. A. Kohl, J. C. Lewis, N. J. Boll, John Beadle, J. B. Loomis, G. Costley, Fred W. Kiefer, W. L. Crocker, J. Dunn, Thomas Smith, B. Hoffman, E. Meaghers, W. Bacon, 0. Heller, and A. Boll. THE PRESENT HEADQUARTERS. The Antigo Fire Department occupies the north part of the city hall building. Sleeping apartments are located on the second floor east of the council chambers. There are now nine members of the de- partment as follows: Chief, Elwin Billings; Assistant Chief, Guy Rice; Pipemen, Chester Hugunin, Louis Maybee, Edward Rynders, and Ben Joyce; Driver, Ernest Frisch; Extra Driver, George Case; Engineer, John Bowens. The city equipped the department with an eighty horsepower Seagrave motor truck in 1916. The American La France steamer, now used, was purchas- ed in 1911. It is capable of pumping 750 gallons of water per minute and has saved thousands of dollars worth of property. Chiefs of the volunteer departments were W. L. Crocker, William Johns, Frank M. Sherman, H. A. Kohl, G. 0. Palmiter, and Warren Hill. Chiefs of the Paid Antigo Fire Department have been G. O. Palmi- ter, Dan Leonard, Fred Ebert, Emil Panoush, and El- win Billings, present chief. THE TELEPHONE INDUSTRY. Pioneers, who have passed to their reward, would be amazed to know that instead of sending a courier on horseback or afoot they could today pick up a re- ceiver and in a few minutes talk to a physician at Shawano, Clintonville or Wausau, nearest settlements to the Langlade County wilderness of 1880. Such has been the wonderful change resulting from the in- vention of the late Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. The first telephone system in Antigo was owned by the Wisconsin Telephone Company. Poles were erect- ed in November, 1883. In December, 1883, the first telephones were put in business and residential places. Central office was located where the Masonic Temple now stands, in a gun shop owned by W. F. Bowman, who was the first manager. Peter O'Connor in an early day operated a private telephone system with a few subscribers. In Novem- ber, 1896, I. F. Strasser of Ripon, Wis., secured' a franchise to operate a private telephone company in Antigo. The office was moved from the Bowman lo- cation to the Spencer drug store location, now the A. A. Lueck Drug Store. Richard Koebke managed the system and later became its owner. A new exchange was instituted in 1900. June 1, 1902, W. L. Elliott took over the Antigo Telephone Company. Two hun- dred and fifty subscribers used the service then. The same year the Wisconsin Telephone Company sup- plied Antigo with long distance connections. T. W. Hogan, J. C. Lewis, Edward Cleary, L. L. Gibbs, and W. H. Brown purchased the Antigo tele- phone system from W. L. Elliott and improved the service during their years of ownership. In 1916 the stock was sold to E. A. Zundel and others of Sheboy- gan, Wis. Since, it has been known as The Antigo Telephone Corporation. Offices of W. J. Gallon, Gen- eral Manager, are in the Ullman building, Superior Street. Central offices are located in the Cleary building. Other officers are President, E. A. Zundel; Vice President, J. E. Collins; Secretary-Treasurer, W. J. Gallon, and Ben Snyder, Assistant Manager. Di- rectories are issued semi-annually. ANTIGO'S ELECTRIC SYSTEMS. The Antigo electric plant was established in 1888 by Louis K. Lusk, J. H. Trever, and C. S. Leykom. It was called the Antigo Edison Electric Light Co. The concern operated in the location of the present plant until September, 1897, when the original owners sold to W. L. Elliott, who made many improvements in the industry. Mr. Elliott died on January 2, 1904, and John Wright of Chicago took over the plant. (Deal was made before Elliott's death). The electric light plant was destroyed by fire one day before Mr. Wright sign- ed the legal papers. Mr. Wright completely remodel- ed his new plant and operated with success until 1909 when the present owners purchased it. Purchasers from Mr. Wright were John Manser, F. A. Hecker, D. J. Murray, John Anderson, F. J. Boyce, and C. M. Cleveland of Wausau. Antigo men became interested financially since then. The company reorganized irl August, 1909, electing the following officers: Presi- dent, John Manser; Vice President, F. J. Boyce, and Secretary-Treasurer, F. A. Hecker. Mr. Manser is now active manager of the plant. The present owners have made great advances and have practically a new A. C. plant. J. J. Healy is chief engineer and Walter Vaughn is chief of the linemen. ANTIGO WATER CO.— WATER DEPARTMENT. Before July, 1891, Antigo citizens did not have the conveniences of waterworks as enjoyed today. An- tigo was then dependent on wells, cisterns, pumps, and bubbling springs for water supply. But a growing community is bound to attract capital, labor, and pro- gressive citizens. W. G. Maxcy, his brother, and two other parties organized the original Antigo Water Company in 1891. A complete plant, pump house, and reserve tank were erected at the present water- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 167 works site. The company served the business and residential sections as fast as they desired water serv- ice. The city of Antigo purchased the Antigo Water- works in 1914 at a cost of $148,507.13. The affairs of the plant are in charge of Frank Dvorak, Treasur- er and Manager, and Harry Jackson, Superintendent, and Miss Grace Dessureau, department clerk, who have offices in the city hall. Other officers are Mayor, who is Chairman of the board of directors, and Secre- tary, who is the City Clerk, now G. O. Palmiter. The water plant is equipped with two tubular boil- ers of 125 horsepower each. A steel stand pipe 100 feet high has a capacity of 150,400 gallons. The total amount of water pumped in 1921 was 291,355,930 gal- Interest on funded debt, $4,250; interest on real es- tate mortgages, $1,150; contractual sinking fund re- quirements, $1,800. Net income at close of business in 1921 was $6,880.54. The department has 127 metered consumers and 1,108 flat consumers. Daily capacity of the two municipal pumps is 1,735,000 and 1,500,000 gallons respectively. THE CITY HALL. When the city was incorporated in 1885, the old skating rink, property of T. H. Robbins, was purchas- ed and made over into quarters for city officials and the fire department. The large frame structure was THE ANTIGO Erected in I'.iuu by Contractor C. F. home of Antigo's Ions. The range of ordinary pressure on water mains is between 30 and 43 pounds, while fire pressure ranges from 100 to 125 pounds. At the close of busi- ness in 1921, 98,813 feet of mains served as distribu- tors to all sections of the city. Two shallow wells with capacities of 750,000 and 800,000 gallons each, constitute a part of the system. These wells are 25 and 30 feet in depth respectively. All Antigo Water Department bonds mature in 1934. Operating ex- penses at the close of June, 1915, were $9,996.84. Total revenues for 1921 were $34,063.11. Total operating expenses for 1921 were $19,982.57. Gross income for 1921, $34,063.11. Total deductions from gross income $7,200 sub- divided as follows: CITY HALL Dallman. The City Hall is the official body. used until the new city hall was erected in 1901. The "old skating rink" was razed. Bids for erecting the new city hall were opened October 17, 1899, and the contract awarded to C. F. Dallman for $9,250.00. The building committee se- lected by Mayor I. D. Steffen consisted of John Kestly, N. R. Babcock, and J. W. Allerton. The city hall was completed in December, 1900, and final pay- ments were made to contractor C. F. Dallman in Jan- uary, 1901. Van Ryan & De Gelleke of Milwaukee were the architects. The city hall is the home of Antigo's official body. It contains offices of the Mayor, City Clerk, Commis- sioners, Treasurer, Council Chambers, Water Depart- ment, Engineer, Fire and Police Departments, and de- partment firemen sleeping quarters. 168 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. STONE CRUSHERS— DISPOSAL PLANTS. Sewerage disposal land was purchased in October, 1910. John Brogan was the sewerage disposal con- tractor. Bonds for the erection of the plant were is- sued June 15, 1911, to the extent of $50,000. The old stone crusher cost $1,185 and was erected in 1907. The crusher was to the rear of the J. W. Otis building. The second crusher was purchased from the Austin-Western Road Machine Co. in 1913 for $1,541.60. A stone crusher was purchased in 1896 for $1,000. In May, 1922, a new stone crusher was purchased from the Austin-Western Road Machin- ery Co., Chicago, 111. CEMETERIES— PARKS. The first cemetery association was organized in An- tigo by Jackson Tibbets, W. L. Crocker, Gus Lind, Hon. F. A. Deleglise, J. E. Martin, B. F. Dorr. L. Mendlik, L. W. Bliss, and George Ratcliffe. It was organized October 24, 1882. The Catholic Cemetery Association was organized in July, 1914. Leaders in the movement were J. J. Laughlin, Edward Cleary, A. J. Nowotny, Thomas W. Hogan, Fred W. Kiefer, Frank Riendl, Leonard Freiburger, and Thomas Mor- rissey. The Antigo Cemetery Association controlled the Protestant and Catholic cemeteries until two distinct associations were formed — one Catholic and one Pro- testant. The Protestant continued as the old organ- ization. Their cemetery, adjoining the Catholic ceme- tery on Aurora Street, is called the Antigo Cemetery. During the mayoralty term of Fred Hayssen, June 8, 1905, eighty acres of land were purchased by the city and set aside for cemetery purposes. The ceme- tery is called "Elmwood." The Antigo Cemetery and Park Boards were consolidated in 1922. The City Park was given to the city of Antigo by Mrs. Mary Deleglise in January, 1905. The deed was turned over to the city by Morrissey & Leslie. The park is situated between Eighth and Ninth Ave- nues east of Watson Street. FIRST CITY ORDINANCE. The first ordinance of the city was adopted April 16, 1885, after presentation by Mayor Thomas W. Lynch. The ordinance prescribed the manner of building wooden sidewalks and the width of same. The sec- ond ordinance fixed the regular meetings of the city council and was passed April 18, 1885. Both ordi- nances were repassed and published September 19, 1890, when Dr. I. D. Steffen was Mayor. The first act of Mayor Thomas W. Lynch in 1885 was to sign a resolution declaring the city of Antigo duly created in accordance with chapter 79 of the laws of 1885. CITY FINANCES. The following statement from the City Comptroller gives the present financial status of the city of Antigo: Total receipts for year ending 1921 $490,260.35 Total expenditure, all sources, for year 1921 505,842.26 Total Bonded Indebtedness, City of An- tigo, 1921 201,000.00 THE .-WTIGO PAID FIRE DEI'.-\RT MEXT This jjictiire was taken liy A. J. Kingsbury before the Seagrave truck was purchased. Left to right the lirciiien are: Chester llngnnin; El win I'.illings. Chief; Guy Rice. .Xssistant Chief; Ernest Frisch; Thomas Hickey; John Bowens and George Case. i HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 169 CHAPTER XXXIIl. Antigo Lodges, Clubs, Societies Masonic — Odd Fellows — Elks — Knights of Columbus — Foresters — Knights of Wisconsin — Knights of Pythias — Various Railroad Lodges and Auxiliaries — Labor Organizations — Eagles — M. W. A. — Mystic Workers — E. F. U. — Owls — Beavers — Moose — Z. C. B. J. — Patriotic Orders — Typo- graphical Union. That the generations to follow may know that An- tigo, Langlade County, was one of the prominent fra- ternal and social cities of Wisconsin in this age, the various lodges, patriotic orders, clubs, and labor or- ganizations are briefly enumerated. Where charter members were available they have been listed. These organizations are numerous and only a sketch of each can be made. They are benevolent, social, benefi- ciary, patriotic, and literary in character. Their mem- berships represent the entire city of Antigo and every township of Langlade County. In generations to come many of the orders will be dead and forgotten, and perhaps, by chance, in an old attic or from between the walls of a building being torn down or one that is decaying, this record of Antigo's fraternal, social, and benevolent affairs will be found. REBEKAHS— TWILIGHT LODGE NO 184. Twilight Lodge, No. 184, Rebekahs, was organized June 5, 1901. The charter members were H. Findei- sen, W. F. Bowman, W. B. Johns, W. L. Crocker, W. J. Daskam, J. W. Allerton, Frank Irwin, Louisa Bow- man, Amanda Johns, Fannie Crocker, Effie Crocker, Sophie Findeisen, Grace Daskam, Floy Truesdell, Hattie Kellett, Emma Weeks, Elizabeth Johnson, Eva Gee, Carrie Christiansen, Nellie Freyer, E. H. Trues- dell, Nellie Hulbert, Etta Erwin, Floi Allerton, Kate Gee, Emaline Findeisen, Anna Watch, Alvin Watch, A. A. Hulbert, Fred Gee, George Gee, John Weeks, Henry Freyer, Elizabeth Kenyon, and L. J. Kenyon. ROYAL NEIGHBORS, CAMP 1847. Antigo Camp 1847, Camp 6419, and Camp 8449 of the R. N. A. have been consolidated into one camp known now as Antigo Camp 1847. Charter members of Camp 1847 were Minnie L. Albright, Anna Badger, Jennie Barnes, Matie E. Bemis, Rose Boll, Lottie B. Calkins, Anna F. Dana, Anna C. Dawley, Tillie Driggs, Jennie Fischer, Emma Garland, Alice Gray, Hilma Gryle, Louise Heller, Eva S. Hill, Anna M. Hopkins, Maggie Kempf, Mary Locks, Augusta Mad- sen, Mary Yentz, Franciska Wege, Louise Molle, Al- vina Phelps, Mary Ringsmuth, Alma E. Rudolph, Effie L. Steffen, Maggie A. Warren. Charter members of Camp No. 6419 were: Anna Barta, Mary Barta, Abbie S. Bonner, Agnes Chadek, Mary A. Chadek, Mary K. Cherf, Anna Dvorak, Katherine E. Hubbard, Anna and Annie Jacobus, Marie F. Jacobus, Maud Karbon, Theresa Krugel, Augusta McDougal, Essie McDougal, Clara Mosher, Kristena Pavlicek, Mary Platek, Mary J. Plzak, Hedley Ralph, Rillie Ralph, Theresa Rice, Anna Rine, Evelyn Rynders, Clara Schmitzer, Marie Smetana, Annie Steinfest, Anna Urban, Mary White. Charter members of Camp No. 8449 were Lulu Aben- schein, Jennie Anderson, Rosella Berg, Sadie Cavers, Mabel W. Charles, Kattie Claggett, Irene Conway, Esther Edwards, Ethel Fearson, Maud Finney, Mayme C. Glassow, Maud Goodchild, Lillian J. Gorman, Hil- degarde Hill, Anne Hodd, Ella Kamke, Lottie Larze- lere, Bernice Cambridge, Gustava McDonough, Lynda Nelson, Lillian Patnode, Willamine Riley, Myra Roberts, Hidvina Rogge, Minnie Speener, Rose Strandt, Eva Tatro, E. Threasther, Ella Wilson, C. Washburn. G. I. A. TO B. OF L. E. The G. I. A. to B. of L. E. organized in Antigo Feb- ruary 14, 1914. Charter members were Mesdames Charles Aucutt, Charles Abrams, C. A. Apker, A. H. Bessey, M. F. Crowe, J. Callahan, Ed Clancy, Wm. Curran, M. F. Day, Patrick Donohue, E. F. Duggan, Dennis Donohue, Ed Eschenbach, E. T. Ford, L. Hoff- man, R. C. Hull, R. H. Johnston, T. P. Kelly, John Ke- van, T. J. Kavanaugh, James Kane, Jule Libert, Wm. Meagher, Pat Mulloy, Angus McKinnon, John Mc- Guire, Joseph McClelland, Charles McCarthy, George Norton, James Paton, Al Ryland, Frank Stewart, Charles Tillett, F. P. VerBryck, J. D. Vantwood. ORDER OF OWLS, NEST 1165. Nest 1165, Order of Owls, was organized in Antigo with charter members as follows: A. A. Hyams, Wal- ter Boyle, Eugene Palmer, George V. Stengl, J. C. Wright, H. A. Kohl, D. H. Keen, Richard Boll, Dan Haffner, Frank Arnold, Charles F. Gorham, John Schrieber, E. S. Rayworth, F. Bergran, John Hayes, Louis Kaims, A. F. Billington, F. J. Kadow, Frank Herrick, Ernest P. Emerich, C. F. Williams, Andrew Mathison, Peter Poshinsky, Henry Hoffman, M. A. Flatley, Edward Hadler, Lamont Boyer, Henry Bork, Wm. Laroy, Arthur Mader, Charles Atkins, F. J. Gal- lagher, Julius Heissinger, E. J. Donohue, F. G. Kub- seroy, George J. Larson, M. J. Donohue, Paul Von de Schoeppe, M. Healy, Jess Garland, A. E. James, John Prokupek, Wm. Stewart, Joseph Giese, L. C. Andrews, A. E. Harris, August Laabs, Edward J. Beckman, Joseph Kotschie, E. J. Berenson, Frank Lyons, J. J. Herbash, Clinton Jerosom, George Wolfe, M. McCann, 170 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. W. H. Jensen, J. C. McCann, J. Stillman, W. F. Baker, F. H. Boldt, Stanley Kames, G. W. Moore, John Bo- sacki. The nest was organized December 6, 1910. SPRINGBROOK LODGE 534, B. OF L. F. & E. Springbrook Lodge No. 534, B. of L. F. & E., was organized in Antigo, March 1, 1909. LADIES SOCIETY, B. OF L. F. & E. The Ladies Society of the B. of L. F. & E. was or- ganized March 14, 1919. Charter members were Ethel Allen, Veronica Barr, Ida Below, Grace and Mary Bublitz, Bell Christensen, Edna Curran, Cora Drake, Laura Drake, Mary Donohue, F. Engle, Lynda Fuller, Merle Fuller, Josephine Gnat, Katherine Gra- bowsky, Genevieve Hayes, Mary Hanneman, Margaret Heaney, Martha Hintz, Margaret Jones, Bertha Russ- ler, Christina Sisel, Anna E. Soman, Mary F. Stats, Theresa Stats, Ella Strobel, Ruth Wiske, and Ella Young. ASSEMBLY NO. 29, E. F. U. Charter members of Antigo Assembly No. 29, E. F. U., organized March 10, 1898, were A. D. Stewart, Fred Zwickey, Joseph Wirrer, C. Leykom, W. H. Pardee, F. A. Millard, Charles Fehring, Anton MoUe, Peter Hansen, C. L. Robinson, S. Dunnewald, John F. Schultz, Charles Franzke, I. D. Steffen, Sipley Weeks, Henry F. Fryer, L. K. Strong, Leon Hartford, A. C. Campbell. E. A. King, A. H. Walch, Charles H. Krause, and D. H. Clements. MYSTIC WORKERS OF WORLD. Antigo Lodge No. 585, Mystic Workers of the World, was organized September 29, 1903. Charter members were E. R. Watson, Ella R. Putnam, Charles L. Braun, H. A. Schafer, M. J. Donohue, Erwin Hutch- ins, Fred Litts, John Crandall, Jr., Evan Evenson, H. D. Willard, and J. E. Putnam. They were also the first officers. BROTHERHOOD OF RAILWAY CLERKS. The Brotherhood of Railway Clerks, Station, Steam- ship and Express Employes organized in Antigo as Antigo Lodge No. 144, November 16, 1918. Charter members were Arthur A. Holmes, E. Nonnemacher, Albert Ross, Andrew Follsted, F. Sobkowiak, James Pliska, Ray Loper, H. R. Bomke, E. P. Emerich, E. J. Steffel, Frank Emerich, John Reubal, Joseph Sob- kowiak, W. J. Wolhaupt, R. Brandl, and Lester G. Frink. CARPENTERS UNION NO. 1508. Antigo Lodge No. 1508, United Brotherhood of Car- penters and Joiners, was organized September 2, 1910. The union holds its meetings the 2nd and 4th Satur- days of each month. ANTIGO CENTRAL LABOR UNION. The Antigo Central Labor Union was organized June 17, 1916, with E. E. Frink, H. H. Fetters, M. D. Robrecht, Charles Kupper, Albert Rice, and A. Wulk as charter members. The central body is representa- tive of the greater number of organized unions of An- tigo. Meetings are held in the Butterfield building. October 7, 1918, the unit received a certificate of mem- bership in the State Federation of Labor. The Antigo Central Labor Union has conducted Labor Day cele- brations in Antigo since 1917. ANTIGO LODGE NO. 662, B. P. 0. E. Antigo Lodge No. 662, B. P. O. E. was instituted in Antigo on February 21, 1901 by D. D. G. Exalted Ruler Thomas B. Mills of West Superior, Wisconsin. Elks from Rhinelander, Wausau and Ashland were present and assisted in organization. The first officers elected were : E. R.— G. W. Latta ; E. Leading K.— C. E. Hen- shaw; E. Loyal Knight — C. O. Marsh; E. Lecturing K. — Max Hoffman; Secretary — 0. P. Walch; Treasurer — W. B. McArthur; Tiler— William Hackett; Trustees— Dr. F. V. Watson, Fred Meyers and L. D. Dana. Antigo Lodge No. 662 has its own home at 622 Cler- mont Street. JUVENILE BRANCH— MYSTIC WORKERS. Charter members of Branch No. 585, Juvenile Mys- tic Workers of the World are Dorothy E. Below, Aug- ust Laehn, Jr., Emmet Below, Dorothy Laehn, Elmer Laehn, Ruth E. Drake, Cleo Doebert, John Laehn, Mabel Laehn, Paul Laehn, Raymond Laehn, Rosa Laehn, Ray Edwards, A. C. Goodnow, C. C. Herman, C. L. Goodenow, Marquette Herman, D. E. Herman, Harold J. and Leo James Hittle, Walter Laehn, Alice Laabs, Frank Lenzner, Martha and Ray Lenzner, Ade- line Kupper, Gladys Maloney, Dwayne Mountain, Bea- trice Nedden, Alice Sweeney, Francis G. Person, Luel- la Rettinger, Dorothy R. and Clarence, Edward, Helen, and John Swoboda, and Lorraine Van Atter. The branch organized March 10, 1920. ANTIGO LODGE NO. 470, L. 0. 0. M. Anitgo Lodge No. 470, L. 0. 0. M., was organized August 8, 1919. Elwin Billings, Robert S. Browne, E. A. Beckman, Oscar Hertell, Chris Adraktas, Eugene Nash, Joseph Schwartz, Stephen Stacka, Arby Gil- mer, Frank Grossman, F. Molzberger, Godfrey Nor- man, Tony Dombios, Julius Bergman, John Now, Harry Woodward, A. P. Anderson, M. J. Hickey, Leonard Freiburger, Jr., S. A. Dillman, Anton Holup, Joseph Bames, A. E. Pickel, Harley Space, Alex Ka- dow, W. F. Kasson, H. F. McCollough, George Basl, Ira Miller, Fred C. Schultz, Anton Peroutka, E. H. Marsh, August Marmes, Herman Levin, Ed Williams, Thomas Collick, Charles Fleischman, N. F. Lamey, Charles Gorham, Julius Guenthner, Jr., Edward J. Ka- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 171 dow, M. D. Robrecht, Charles Orgeman, R. Houle, N. E. Dillman, Frank Schoepfer, Ray Kitt, W. C. Fehr- mann, and Max H. Delfs. The lodge was organized August 8, 1919. ANTIGO COUNCIL NO. 25, F. R. A. Antigo Council No. 25, F. R. A., was instituted No- vember 19, 1902, with A. F. Zimmerman, Henry Mitch- ell, J. J. Laughlin, Leonard Freiburger, J. W. Parsons, Delbert Rice, Henry Green, A. M. Arveson, Paul Rum- mer, Chris Brennecke, Emmon Badger, Peter Marx, F. V. Watson, Fred Boyce, Frank Drake, August Gamm, Henry Heller, Otto Able, Dan Keen, Gustav Berglin, Frank Koles, Emil Klitz, Wm. Wright, Frank Keller, and Alfred Iserhott as charter members. SPRINGBROOK COLONY 27, BEAVERS R. F. F. Springbrook Colony 27, B. R. F. F., was organized September 20, 1907. C. J. Nash, James Gagen, Leon- ard Freiburger, Sr., Fred Wege, Minnie Goebel, Mary Tollefson, Ellen McArthur, A. F. Zimmerman, C. H. Calkins, F. H. Boldt, Emma McArthur, Dr. F. V. Wat- son, Dr. G. H. Williamson, Dr. Helen Beattie were charter members. WOMAN'S CATHOLIC ORDER OF FORESTERS. The Woman's Catholic Order of Foresters, insti- tuted St. Marguerite's Court No. 264 June 2, 1898. Isabel McKusker, Mary Crowe, Marie Moulton, Agnes Donohue, Margaret Cleary, Mary Morse, May Kest- ly, and Z. M. Strong were charter members. UNITED BROTHERHOOD MAINTENANCE OF WAY, ANTIGO LODGE NO. 474. The United Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way and Railway Shop Employes organized as Antigo Lodge No. 474, December 30, 1918. The following were the charter members: William A. Ranka, first President; Edward Wojan, Vice President; Harry Pehil, Past President; Theodore Zemke, Sec.-Treas.; Theodore Zemke, Journal Agent; George Dale, Chap- lain; Fred Ebert, Conductor; Fred Parsons, Warden; Albert Schutz, Inner Sentinel, and Paul Zemke, Outer Sentinel. January 9, 1919, the Maintenance of Way received certification of membership in the State Fed- eration of Labor. BROTHERHOOD OF RAILWAY CARMEN. Springbrook Lodge No. 451, Brotherhood of Rail- way Carmen, was organized September 22, 1906. Char- ter members were J. J. Tessar, John Cherney, J. M. Fencil, Peter Piotrowski, A. Dumke, Frank Chur- ney, Anton Zima, James Byrne, Frank Steber, R. Mahl, and Adam Janazak. ORDER OF RAILWAY CONDUCTORS. On December 4, 1904, Division No. 462, of the Order of Railway Conductors, was organized in Antigo with the following charter members : Edward Cleary, C. D. Fenn, M. Garrity, John McKenna, S. J. Lynde, B. W. McCarey, W. H. Brown, John Wall, C. M. Beattie, H. J. Frick, H. M. Jennings, H. J. Riley, D. E. Rock- wood, W. P. Hull, F. C. Parsons, James Farley, J. R. McCullouch, W. D. Kelly, John Kelly, A. Pelkie. J. P. Warren, and W. J. Van Rossum. INTERNATIONAL ASS'N. OF MACHINISTS (HELPERS) December 8, 1917, the International Association of Machinists formed an Antigo unit with the following as charter members: John Douglas, John A. Granscheid, Charles Hittle, Clarence Heyse, Emil Krall, James Krall, John Knolinski, Ernest Duchrow, Jacob Lingle, Joseph Pentany, John and Roy Remington, S. Rock, Joseph Sailer, and Frank Sell. WOMAN'S RELIEF CORPS NO. 78. The John A. Kellogg Relief Corps, No. 78, was or- ganized May 15, 1888. The charter members were Mrs. M. Jane Burdick, Mrs. Helen Breck, Mrs. E. L. Bowman, Mrs. Emma La Londe, Mrs. Elvey E. Cham- berlain, Mrs. R. A. Laing, Miss Florence Burdick, Mrs. Mary A. Dix, Miss Maud La Londe, Mrs. Jane A. Springstead, Mrs. Emily Juneau, Mrs. Matilda Graves, Mrs. Theresa Phelps, and Miss Cora Graves. Meet- ings are held the first and third Tuesdays at Odd Fellows' Hall. DAUGHTERS OF THE G. A. R. The Antigo Fortress of the Daughters of the G. A. R. was organized August 23, 1921. Charter members were Mae Young, Elizabeth Higgins, Flora Bryant, Alice Garland, Anna Lavoy, Anna Gelow, Ella Seng- stock, Lottie Aucutt, Margaret Randall, Genevieve Stanson, Gertrude Young, Hazel Aucutt, Mabel Malt- by, Hattie Lyons, and Myrtle Schutts. Meetings are held at Adraktas hall. Mrs. Leland Mayotte, nee Leila Abrams, was officially adopted as a daughter of the John A. Kellogg Post No. 78, G. A. R., in June, 1912. REESE SPARKS POST NO. 3, AMERICAN LEGION. Reese Sparks Post No. 3, American Legion, was or- ganized September 1, 1921. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. Gem Encampment No. 30, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was organized February 12, 1892, with J. W. Morse, G. 0. Palmiter, W. L. Crocker, Dr. M. J. Lower, Thomas Salvidge, and John Benishek as charter members. On June 8, 1883, W. L. Crocker, George Ratcliffe, J. K. Smolk, J. A. Long, W. L. Wallon organized An- tigo Lodge No. 310, I. 0. 0. F. 172 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHARTER OAK NO. 150, K. OF P. Charter Oak Lodge No. 150, Knights of Pythias, was organized June 10, 1903, with the following charter members: C. M. Beattie, W. H. Dawley, Guy J. Moses, F. E. Chandler, F. I. Drake, W. B. McArthur, C. W. Swanson, F. W. Hogan, A. C. Conway, W. H. Furgeson, R. Koebke, George Ewen, F. C. Myers, M. M. Ross, Fred W. Bauter, Dave Clements, F. T. Gray, R. Brush, Henry Berner, Fred L. Berner, A. M. Dues- dru, W. H. Grey, C. L. Clarke, 0. H. Foster, M. L. Bacon, James F. McCormick, O. P. Walch, and E. Wigderson. Meetings are held every Thursday eve- ning at Odd Fellows' Hall. MOOSEHEART LEGION OF WORLD. Antigo Chapter 587, Moosehart Legion of the World, was organized January 9, 1921. Meetings are held at Adraktas Hall. Z. C. B. J. The Z. C. B. J. was organized in Antigo, January 1, 1897. ANTIGO COUNCIL NO. 1002, K. OF C. Antigo Council No. 1002, Knights of Columbus, was organized on June 4, 1905. Charter members were : J. F. McCormick, William Reader, Hector McDonald, Rev. P. T. Garrity, Timothy Burke, F. Jennings, D. J. Murphy, Joseph Kelley, J. P. Rohlinger, J. M. Hogan, Archie Pelkie, Rev. P. S. Schmitz, Charles Nichols, John Barnes, J. H. Wall, J. H. Dedier, B. Berhatter, Jacob Bentz, Angus McKinnon, Matt Donohue, Rev. Fr. Bastian, Marcus Madel, Joseph Bentz, Edgar R. Gibbons, W. J. Sullivan, John O'Day, R. W. Barrett, J. J. Kiely, T. M. Bolger, Dr. W. Ryan, Adolph Kom- mers, M. J. Donohue, T. W. Hogan, A. J. Riley, John Kevin, M. J. McNamara, Charles McCarthy, W. H. Wall, J. E. Collins, John Kelley, Edward Doner, John Rassman, T. J. Kavanaugh, John McCarthy, J. L. Donohue, G. W. McKinnon, J. L. Burns, M. J. O'Don- nell, M. O'Donnell, D. Van Hecke, Thomas Kelley, James Koehane, John McKenna, Rev. C. Saile, G. W. Anson, Thomas W. Koehane, A. M. Baranton, M. W. Schumacher, James O'Malley, Pat O'Malley, James S. Timlin. T. T. McGuine, W. H. Johnson, W. H. Brown, Edward Cleary, F. Verkurlin, J. 0. Madel, R. M. Kutchins, A. J. Nowotny, John Roem, M. A. Flatley, L. Kommers, F. T. Doner, H. B. Muttart, F. McGillan, B. W. McCarey, J. J. Laughlin, F. M. Mul- vaney, Frank Kelly, V. P. Rath, D. E. Rice, Thomas Morrissey, C. N. Cody, John Kalmers, W. H. O'Brien, A. H. Bauer, J. A. Walsh, B. J. Lally, C. Fred Calhoun, Ed Cody, J. A. Gaynor, Dr. J. J. Looze, Frank Kane, T. E. Mullen, R. F. Dedier, T. M. Coughlin, P. J. Koel- zer, F. Kestly, R. Kemmer, J. J. Huhn, Jr., Henry and Arnold Maes and John Van Hecke. LADIES AUXILIARY TO B. OF R. T. On March 5, 1896, Badger Lodge No. 93, Ladies Auxiliary to the B. of R. T., was organized. Anna Persons, Bertha Billings, Delia Bernett, May Dix, Mary G. Laughlin, Helen Mclntyre, Lettie Anchet, Mary Clark, Jennie Porter, Clara Hoyt, Ina White, Mayme McNamara, Lottie Dailey, Nellie Garrity, Mary Nye, F. A. Arnold, Maggie Boyle, Mary Billings, and Amelia Snorts were the charter members. MacPHERSON CIRCLE, LADIES OF G. A. R. Gen. J. MacPherson Circle No. 2, Ladies of the G. A. R., was organized December 12, 1893, with Mrs. Mary A. Dricks, Theressa Phelps, Anna Elliott, Carrie Leudkey, Elizabeth Fowler, Anna Briggs, Alice Swee- ney, Rachel Laing, Adelaide Stone, Mary Furgeson, Margaret Michaelson, Grace Fowler, Margaret Ley- kom, Charlotte Aucutt, Emily Juneau, Estella Prosser, and Miss Minnie Hull as charter members. ANTIGO TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION NO. 734. Antigo Typographical Union No. 734 was organ- ized on March 4, 1915. Ten members were initiated into the union at the first regular meeting. Albert Spy- challa is now President and Hugh Besaw is Secretary and Treasurer. The membership is composed of print- ers as follows : Ralph Berner, Bert House, Harvey Goebel, Otto Kiedatz, Clifford B. Knapp, Irvin Schille- man, Roy Rezek, Rudolph Steber, Hugh Besaw, Wil- liam Leslie, Earl S. Holman, Albert Spychalla, Henry Berner, Otto Berner, and Louis Berner. CATHOLIC KNIGHTS OF WISCONSIN. Antigo Branch No. 77 of the Catholic Knights of Wisconsin was organized July 29, 1887. The charter members were Stephen Dauch, Patrick H. Durick, Joseph H. Hoffman, J. N. Kiefer, J. E. Mullowney, George L. Schintz, Israel Wood, Edward Cavanaugh John Deresch, Joseph Firminhac, Frank Kennedy, M. McNamara, Frank Reindl, George L. Schutz. ST. JOHN'S COURT, C. 0. 0. F. St. John's Court No. 105, Catholic Order of For- esters, was organized March 20, 1889, with the follow- ing charter members : George L. Schintz, Frank Mot- tell, Thomas W. Hogan, Michael O'Donnell, August Freiburger, Dr. J. F. Doyle, Dennis Costello, Daniel Dunn, Leonard Freiburger, A. H. Morris, James Lor- enz, John Kevan, and Joseph Alb. Regular meetings are held. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHIN- ISTS. Libby Lodge No. 700, International Association of Machinists, was organized in Antigo on January 17, 1918, with the following charter members: Edwin A. Berg, P. B. Gibson, T. J. Holland, Ever Hoiem, L. A. Howard, L. G. Krause, W. J. Owens, F. W. Priester, J. W. Strong, L. Wolf and W. H. Wall. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 173 B. A. R. E. The Brotherhood of Railway Employes, Antigo Di- vision No. 122, was organized on April 3, 1919. ANTIGO LODGE NO. 618—1. B. B. I. S. B. H. OF A. Antigo Lodge No. 618, International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders and Helpers of Amer- ica, was organized on March 9, 1920. The charter members were Eugene Fuszard, George Ostermeir, Tim Crow, Paul Schumann, Emil Hanousek, Fred Wendt, Ed. Muraski, Felix Ourouke, W. A. Lillie, Frank Neuburger, Henry Harm, Daniel Pierson, Albert Nedden, Joseph Bahr, Peter De Loy, Peter Piotrowski, M. Rock, J. H. Luckowicz, Plumber King, E. Fuszard, Joseph Frisch, B. H. Franklin, A. Long, August Laabs, Louis Meyers. John Petrowski, Max Hoffman and Charles Bliss. ANTIGO LODGE, MAINTENANCE OF WAY. Antigo Lodge, International Brotherhood of Main- tenance of Way Employes, was organized on March 23, 1910. The charter members were as follows: S. F. Plzak, J. P. Pliska, J. J. Kosarek, August Kessler, Charles Daga, C. A. Smith, M. Kozarek, William Sen- ner, Robert Ison and A. Schmal. ANTIGO LODGE F. & A. M. Antigo Lodge No. 231, F. & A. M., was organized on September 15, 1885. The lodge was instituted with twenty-one charter members. The first officers were : W. M.— G. A. Ramsay; S. W.— J. W. Moody; J. W.— Ed. Daskam; Treasurer — G. W. Latta; Secretary — P. J. Millard; S. D.— A. B. Millard; J. D.— James Porter; Stewards — J. W. Goodwin; Charles Teipner; Tiler — Frank Carsen. M. L. Youngs, Grand Lecturer of Wis- consin was instrumental in organization. The first meeting was held over Irvin Gray's store. Present officers, 1922, are : W. M.— C. W. Van Dor- en; S. W.— L. H. Hilton; Jr. W.— Chas. Gauthier; Treasurer — Geo. Crandell; Secretary — N. C. Holmes; S. D.— Tracy Wales; Jr. D.— Harry Fitze; Sr. S.— Walter Fetters; Jr. S.— A. Hovey; Tyler— H. A. Bald- win. ANTIGO CHAPTER NO. 64. Organized December 6, 1889. Present officers, 1922, are: H. P.— Otto Walch; King— C. 0. Miller; Scribe — Wm. R. Dixon; Treasurer — Geo. Crandell; Secretary— Joe Jirtle; C. of H.— M. C. Canfield; P. S. —Ever Hoiem; R. A. C— K. C. Parton; 1st V.— Geo. Crandell; 2nd V.— R. T. Bonner; 3rd V.— John Josh- lyn; Sentinel — Jim Smolk. ANTIGO COUNCIL NO. 28. Organized February 21, 1905. Present officers, 1922, are: F. A. M.— Chas. Horn; D. M.— John Smith; P. C. of W.— 0. C. Bardwell; C. of G.— Ever Hoiem; Recorder— K. C. Parton; Sentinel— Wm. Lange. ANTIGO COMMANDERY NO. 31. Organized October 10, 1906. Present officers, 1922, are: E. M.— Peter Klemann; G.— Otto Walch; C. G. — Ever Hoeim; Treasurer — Earnest Hirt; Record. — Edw. Palmer; Prelate— Wm. R. Dixon— Sr. W.— A. J. Kimber; Jr. W.— C. 0. Miller; Standard Bearer- Ed. McCandless; Sword Bearer — Chas. Horn; Warder — Geo. Crandell; Sen. — Wm. Lange. THE WOMAN'S CLUB. The Antigo Woman's Club, an active organization for good in the community was organized in 1895. Meetings are held regularly in Antigo. Annual pro- grams are given. The present officers of the Antigo Woman's Club are: President — Mrs. R. B. Johns; Vice-President — Mrs. L. L. Gibbs; Recording Secretary — Mrs. Howard Bishop; Corresponding Secretary — Mrs. B. H. Strong; Treasurer — Mrs. M. K. Keenan. Meetings are held every two weeks from the first Monday in October to the first Monday in May. OTHER ORDERS— CLUBS. Other active orders and clubs are the Damascus Club, St. Joseph's Benevolent Society, The Columbus Home Association, and various church and civic asso- ciations, including the Community Welfare Associa- tion and the Men's Club. ANTIGO CITY BAND. The present band was organized in March, 1907. Its first officers were : L. G. Lambert — President; Fred W. Luebcke — Vice-President; Stanley Mills — Secre- tary-Treasurer; George J. Larson — Director-Manager. The following names were the members of the band at that time and instruments they played : Clarinets — Lyle Andrews, Stanley Mills, Thomas Kellogg, Frank Pliska, Frank Osada; Saxophones — Everet Morgan, Howard E. Berry; Cornets — Dan Keen, P. O. Prink, George Gorham, John Strnad, Hans Larson, George J. Larson; Altos — John Schroepfer, Matt Koebernack, Alfred Palmer; Barintone — Ernest Praehl; Trombones — Joe Kalouner, B. Seigert, Glen Sevelle; Basses — L. G. Lambert, Blaine Stewart; Drums — Fred W. Luebcke, John Palmer. The present officers and members are : Fred W. Luebcke — President and Manager; John Schroepfer — Vice-President and Director; Ben Benishek — Secretary and Treasurer. Clarinets — John Schroepfer, Frank Pinkner, George Osada, Peter Jackimstahl; Saxo- phones — Jim Schultz; Cornets — Dan Keen, Henry Keen, Art White, Frank Kastka, Bert House; Altos— B. Meyer, Billy Kuhr, William Geise; Baritones — Ben Benisek, Ben Barter; Trombones — Lee Herman, Ralph H. Berner; Basses — L. G. Lambert; Drums — Art Clif- ford, Fred W. Luebcke. 174 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XXXIV. United States Government Survey of Langlade County Rolling Township First Civil Division Surveyed — West Elcho Last Area Surveyed in 1865 — Govern- ment Land Measures — State Soil Survey of Langlade County. Rolling township was the first Langlade County civil division to be surveyed by the United States govern- ment. William T. Bradley of the United States gov- ernment Department of Surveying with headquarters at Dubuque, Iowa, commenced the survey of Rolling Oc- tober 13, 1853, and completed it October 24, 1853. The last township to be surveyed was West Elcho. The survey was inaugurated by James L. Nowlin on July 8, 1865, and ended July 20, 1865. The survey of Langlade County townships is given herewith : Township. Range. County Name. 31 N. 9 E. W. Ackley. 32 N. 9 E. Vilas. 33 N. 9 E. S. Summit. 34 N. 9 E. N. Summit. 31 N. 10 E. E. Ackley. 32 N. 10 E. Peck. 33 N. 10 E. W. Upham. 34 N. 10 E. W. Elcho. 30 N. 11 E. Rolling. 31 N. 11 E. Antigo. 32 N. 11 E. Neva. 23 N. 11 E. E. Upham. 34 N. 11 E. E. Elcho. 30 N. 12 E. Norwood. 31 N. 12 E. Polar. 32 N. 12 E. Price. 33 N. 12 E. S. Ainsworth. 34 N. 12 E. N. Ainsworth 31 N. 13 E. Evergreen. 32 N. 13 E. S. Langlade. 33 N. 13 E. N. Langlade. 31 N. 14 E. S. Elton. 32 N. 14 E. Cen. Elton. 33 N. 14 E. N. Elton. 31 N. 15 E. 15 Sec. Elton. Survey Commenced. Ended. 8-18-1860. 8-24-1860. 9-21-1860. 9-27-1860. 9-28-1860. 10- 5-1860. 9-15-1864. 10- 4-1864. 8-25-1860. 8-30-1860. 9-14-1860. 9-20-1860. 10- 6-1860. 10-18-1860. 7- 8-1865. 7-20-1865. 10-13-1853. 10-24-1853. 9- 1-1860. 9- 6-1860. 9- 7-1860. 9-13-1860. 10-19-1860. 10-26-1860. 7-18-1859. 7-24-1859. 11-22-1854. 12-12-1854. 11-21-1857. 12- 1-1857. 12- 2-1857. 12-12-1857. 5- 6-1865. 5-17-1865. 5-18-1865. 6- 1-1865. 11-10-1857. 11-20-1857. 9- 6-1857. 9-18-1857. 4-26-1865. 5- 5-1865. 9-22-1857. 9-30-1857. 9-19-1857. 9-29-1857. 4-15-1865. 4-25-1865. 9-12-1857. 9-21-1857. Surveyor. H. C. Fellows. H. C. Fellows. H. C. Fellows. Jas. L. Nowlin. H. C. Fellows. H. C. Fellows. H. C. Fellows. Jas. L. Nowlin. Wm. T. Bradley. H. C. Fellows. H. C. Fellows. H. C. Fellows. Wm. E. Daugherty. James Withrow. James McBride. James McBride. Jas. L. Nowlin. Jas. L. Nowlin. Jas. McBride. Alfred Millard. Jas. L. Nowlin. Jas. McBride. Alfred Millard. Jas. L. Nowlin. Jas. McBride. Township. GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURES. Section. yojtTB- :rp;;: -i-s-i- T'i'f ...;.3..:... .1.^.1.. 1 ':f^z. ■ ■:-8-:- .....p... 10 •••: 11 12, ■lis!- ..llji;.. 13 I '■ie'r. -;i7;- jie- ;i9; 20 21 22 ;23: 24 iao: 29: 28 27 -20 25 ■"■■":"'i" ■■\s2'r ■•{sa;-- •;3^i-- ■lip':- '36 \\v Quarter XW 'A of XE % XE 'A of XE A SW 54 of NE % SE % of NE H SW SE Quarter QiiartcT SOVl'IC HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 175 For all legal or descriptive purposes the lands in Langlade County are referred to a town line and a range line. The largest division of land is a town- ship, which is six miles square; the townships in Wis- consin are numbered 1 to 53 from the southern bound- ary line north, and are divided into townships by range lines running north and Fouth. The range lines are referred to the 4th meridian, the ranges west being known as range 1 to XX west, and those east being known as ranges 1 to XXIX east. The city of Antigo is thus located in township 31 north, range 11 east. A township contains 36 sections or 23,0 W acres. A section is one mile square and contain 640 acres. A quarter section is a half mile square and contains 160 acres. A 40 acre tract of land is one-fourth of a mile square. Lands are usually sold in tracts of 40 acres or a mul- tiple thereof, except in case of land bordering on lakes, which are fractional sections and may contain more or less than 40 acres. These are called government lots. The sections in each township are numbered 1 to 36, commencing at the northeast corner as is shown in the diagram. Sections are divided into quarters which are known as the northeast quarter, the northwest quar- ter, the southwest quarter and the southeast quarter. The quarters are again divided in the same way as shown in the accompanying diagram on page 174. The description of this 40 acre lot would then, for example, read as follows : The northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 1, township 33 north, range 13 east. SOIL MAP OF LANGLADE COUNTY 3 ■-■■>^ TTTSS ) '^ l/v ^ — 7— A9 \ \ 5l1 ^A y.<3^'^. '' < ).< 1 //I I^J ^-o '^ Hccrbjook; ^^^ MS''*"' ^. \0\J 'iK^P^ VMfi :^. 'Me z. N>0!^W0OD Phlox T.J 2, WIS. 3ing up to the outside world the resources of the country. In 1921 this road was purchased by the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railroad. Extensive improve- ments are contemplated and before many years the main Soo line will pierce eastern Langlade County. Lily has a depot erected in 1919 on section 34. From the day when the red man using his bateaux on the Wolf or portaging about its rapids, on through the years of pine timber conquest to the present day of the prosperous farmer, the modern automobile and speeding locomotive, the Lily or the village of New, as S. A. Taylor once named it, has lived on. Its years in the unknown tomorrow may be for bigger and better things. 214 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XLII. Neva Township No. 32 N., R. 11 E. Derivation of Name — Location — Soil — Early History — Organization — First Town Meeting — Early and Present Industries — Roads — Churches — Cemeteries — Granges — Schools — School District Boundaries — Township Chairmen, Clerks, Treasurers, Justices of the Peace, Supervisors, Assess- ors— 1883-1923— First Bank— Cheese Factories. Neva township was named in honor of Chief Neva, leader of a tribe of Chippewa Indians, who visited at what is now known as Neva Corners on their way north to Post Lake in an early day. Once one of the larg- est, it is now one of the smallest townships in Lang- lade County, embracing a territory of thirty-six square miles or one Congressional Township No. 32, North of Range 11 East. It is bounded on the north by Up- ham, on the east by Price, on the west by Peck and on the south by Antigo townships. Springbrook runs through sections 1, 11, 15, 20, 21, 22 and 30. The surface of the township is generally level except in the northwestern part. Originally the land was covered with a thick growth of white pine, elm, beech, maple and oak, which was rapidly cut. Neva township is a splendid agricultural district comparing favorably with any other section of Wisconsin. In 1878 it belonged to Langlade township, Oconto County. It was survey- ed by H. C. Fellows, U. S. Deputy Surveyor, in Sep- tember, 1860. ORGANIZATION IN 1883. Neva township was organized January 11, 1883, by the Langlade County Board of Supervisors. Super- visor H. Heim of Norwood township introduced the resolution in which all territory in townships No. 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 37 of Range 11 East was detached from Antigo township and "organized and formed into a new town to be henceforth known as "Neva township." The proposed ordinance was recommended by the Committee on Town Organization, consisting of Hon. F. A. Deleglise, Moritz Mueller and Henry Heim of Antigo, Polar and Norwood townships respectively in accordance with section 6, chapter 7, laws of 1882. Thus Neva came into existence and has since been the pride of its citizens and the county as well. Neva township, when organized, contained 216 square miles or six Congressional townships. We shall now learn how the townships were detached and how Neva township was cut to its present area. November 14, 1883, an unsuccessful attempt was made by C. C. De Long, S. B. Roberts and others of Neva township to have townships 35, 36 and 37 (now a part of Oneida County) detached and incorporated into a town to be known as Pelican township. The petition was laid over by the Committee on Town Or- ganization until December 13, 1883, when an ordinance was passed creating Pelican township. Thus the three northern townships of Neva township were severed making Neva township one-half of its original area of January, 1883 or 108 square miles, (three Congres- sional townships). These three Congressional town- ships are yet within the limits of Langlade County, two of which form part of Elcho and Upham townships respectively. In February, 1887, township 34, range 11 east, was detached from Neva township by an ordinance drawn up by District Attorney John E. Martin to become a part of Elcho township. This action cut Neva town- ship, once a vast territory stretching north thirty-six miles, to two Congressional townships, 32 and 33 of range 11 east. Neva township remained as such until township 33 was detached to form a part of Upham township in 1894 and from that year Neva township has consisted of one township No. 32, North of Range 11 East. FIRST ANNUAL TOWN MEETING. The first annual town meeting was held at the farm home of Joseph Duchac on the NE ^4 of the SE I4, Section 21, Township 32. The first Supervisors elect- ed were Joseph Duchac, Chairman, A. F. Schoepke and Joseph Krause. First highway overseers appoint- ed were Joseph Cherf, John Fisher, E. R. Whitmore and B. H. Darling on April 21, 1883. The Neva town- ship Board of Review had a multitude of vicissitudes confronting it. Seemingly insurmountable tasks were also coped with successfully, however. The first official act of the town board was to raise $2,090.00 for school pur- poses. This unanimously carried measure was a fitt- ing precedent for the pioneer settlers to establish in promoting educational enlightenment and advance- ment. The measure passed April 3, 1883. EARLY ROADS. Neva township was originally subdivided into four road districts and much of the principal efforts of the first town board was in action on road petitions. Set- tlers along the Eau Claire river and in Pelican village needed an outlet for their products. Post Lake settlers wanted communication with Melnik as well as New. Thus wagon roads, crude and in instances barely tra- versible, were welcomed and encouraged. The first application for a road was made by nine free holders petitioning for a road commencing at the stake in the east line of section 21, township 32, range 11 east; thence east about 3-4ths of a mile, thence HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 215 southeast to the south section line of section 22; thence southeast to the S H post of section 26. This road was built three rods wide. Construction was authoriz- ed May 21, 1883. Other early roads were from Deerbrook to Pelican and Monico Junction; Crandon-Pelican road (all then in Langlade County. 1^ McDougal's town line road, Sipek's road, Westerhold's road, Pejsar's road, Koe- penick's road, Cherf's road, Schwartz road, Mosher road, F. John's road, S. Strasser road, S. H. Wright road and Jos. Petska road, Melnik-Kempster road. BOARD OF HEALTH— 1883. The first Board of Health consisted of Township Supervisors, Joseph Duchac, A. F. Schoepke and W. W. Wheeler. THE FIRST TOWN ELECTION. Edward Dawson and Thomas Vohasky were the first Inspectors of Election in Neva township. At the first township election 37 votes were cast. Those who voted on that historic April 3, 1883, were E. R. White- more, R. N. Olmsted, Wesley Dawson, Anton Honzik, Joseph Krause, Martin Schaler, Samuel Preston, H. Anderson, Joseph Cherf, Thomas Vohasky, Edward Dawson, Martin Vochoska, John Fisher, Joseph Sipek, John Schultz, Jos. Holup, Wencel Rine, Sr., Wencel Rine, Jr., Frank Stasek, Jos. Mattek, Wencel Krinek, John Novak, Fred Behm, John Shipek, Philip Nowotny, Anton Va Clovic, John Kasa, W. W. Wheeler, A. F. Schoepke, Chas. Mosher, P. Hunchoska, David M. Randall, Albert Barta, John Barta, Albert Stowe, Fred- erick Jacobus, August Ahearns — 37 in all. April 1, 1884, at a meeting at the residence of Jos. Duchac a resolution was passed to establish a township hall on the NW V4 of the SW \i of section 22, town- ship 32. Joseph Duchac furnished and cleared the land for the hall. CHAIRMEN OF NEVA TOWNSHIP— 1883-1923. Joseph Duchac— 1883-85; John Carlson— 1885-86 Fred Jacobus— 1886-91 ; Jos. Hunchovsky— 1891-94 Fred Jacobus— 1895-96; Anton Westerhold— 1896-97 Jos. Hunchovsky— 1897-1904; Fred Jacobus— 1904-06 Joseph Honzik— 1906-08 ; Fred Jacobus— 1908-12; B. Lukas— 1912-14; W. J. Mattek— 1914-23. NEVA TOWNSHIP CLERKS— 1883-1923. W. W. Wheeler— 1883; E. S. Brooks— 1883-85; Fred Jacobus— 1885-86; Jos. Hunchovsky— 1886-91 ; John Fisher— 1891-93; Anton Westerhold— 1893-95; W. J. Mattek— 1895-10; G. E. Rynders— 1910-14; Henry Ja- cobus— 1914-17; John Schacher— 1917-21 ; Joseph F. Shimon— 1921-23. NEVA TOWNSHIP TREASURERS— 1883-1923. John Schultz— 1883-84; John Carlson— 1884; Fred Behm— 1885-88 ; T. M. Hafner— 1888-92 ; John Schultz —1893-94; J. F. Schultz— 1894-97 ; John Novak— 1898- 1. Pelican village, Oneida County, was platted and duly certified and recorded in May, 1863, while in Neva township, Langlade County. 99; Albert Holup— 1900-02; S. F. Plzak— 1903-06; Joseph Benishek— 1906-07; John F. Schultz— 1907-09; Jos. Klapste— 1909-22. NEVA TOWNSHIP SUPERVISORS— 1883-1923. A. F. Schoepke, Joseph Krause— 1883-84; Joseph Krause, Joseph Cherf— 1884-85; John Sipek, John Kasa —1885-86; John Schultz, John Plzak— 1886-89; John Novak, Joseph Honzik— 1890-1891 ; John No- vak, Wencel Rine— 1891 ; John Novak, An- ton Westerhold— 1891-1892; Joseph Plzak— 1893-1897; Math Hurt— 1893-1894; John No- vak— 1894-95; Fred Schwartz— 1895-98; Joseph Hon- zik, Anton Schmutzer— 1898-99; James Nelson, Albert Barta— 1900-01 ; Chas. Chadek, James Nelson— 1901- 02; J. J. Nowotny, Frank Plzak, 1903-04; B. Lukas, Jos. Honzik— 1904-05; B. Lukas, J. F. Schultz— 1905-06; B. Lukas, S. F. Plzak— 1906-07 ; B. Lukas, Frank Kost- ka— 1907-08; Frank Schacher, Albert Barta— 1908-09; Frank Schacher, John F. Schultz— 1909-10; James Rine, Frank Schacher— 1911-12; Frank Lukas, Laddie Schmutzer — 1912-13; John F. Schultz, Laddie Schumt- zer— 1913-14; Frank Schacher, J. F. Schultz— 1914- 16; J. F. Schultz, John Kasa— 1916-17; Jos. Riendl, Frank Schacher— 1917-22; Jos. Reindl, Paul Masek- 1922-23. NEVA TOWNSHIP ASSESSORS— 1883-1923. Edward Dawson— 1883-84; Thos. Vochaska— 1884- 85; Edward Dawson— 1885-86; Chas. Mosher— 1886- 89; Marks Snyder— 1889-91 ; John Kasa— 1891-93; Jos- eph Novotny— 1893-94; John Kasa— 1894-96; Jos. Hunchovsky— 1896-98; A. J. Nowotny— 1898-99; Fred Schwartz— 1899-01 ; John Kasa— 1901-04; Albert Hol- up— 1904-05; Fred Schwartz— 1905-07 ; Frank Schach- er— 1907-08; Albert Holup— 1908-09; John Kasa— 1909-11; Mick Lackerman— 1911-12; John Kasa— 1912-13; Wencel Rine— 1913-14; Fred Schwartz— 1914-19; Steve Stengl— 1919-20; Fred Schwartz— 1920-22; John Kasa— 1922-23. NEVA TOWNSHIP JUSTICES OF THE PEACE— 1883-1923. Steve Roberts— 1883-86; Thos. Vochaska— 1883-85 ; Q. Brooks— 1883-84; Albert K. Stow— 1885; John Si- pek— 1884-85; George Newton— 1885; J. Fischer— 1886-90; E. A. Scott— 1887-88; Chas. Gverin- 1888- 90; Jos. Hunchovsky— 1889-97; H. O. Horalund (failed to qualify); John Schultz— 1889-91 ; Fred Behm— 1891-93 (but did not qualify); Anton Westerhold— 1894-96; W. J. Mattek— 1896-98 ; Fred Behm— 1897- 99; W. J. Mattek— 1898-03; Jos. Hunchovsky— 1898- 1900; J. J. Nowotny— 1901-04; Louis Cherf— 1902-04 Jos. Hunchovsky— 1902-04; W. J. Mattek— 1903-11 Fred Jacobus (appointed but did not qualify) 1907 Frank Ringsmith — 1904 (resigned) ; James Gillis — 1904-05; Wm. Phiester— 1904; Jos. Honzik— 1905-09; J. F. Schultz— 1907-09; Jas. White— 1909-10; Noah Yoder— 1910-12; Henry Jacobus— 1914-16; John Schacher— 1914-15; Jos. Kubichek— 1915-17; A. Bu- boltz— 1917-19; Frank Chadek— 1918-20; John Schach- 216 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. er— 1919-23; John F. Schultz— 1919-20; Jos. Kaplan- ek— 1920-22; W. J. Kramer— 1921-22; J. Schacher, L. Schmutzer— 1922-23. NEVA TOWNSHIP CONSTABLES— 1883-1923. Anton Honzik, Sam Preston — 1883; Sam Preston — 1884-85; Joseph Cherf, Wencel Rine— 1885; John Whalen, (appointed), 1886-88; Jas. Cherny— 1888-89; Matt Hurt— 1889-91 ; Jas. Cherny— 1889-92 ; Jas. Nel- son— 1891-92; Frank Cherf, (appointed, 1893-94, did not qualify) ; Wm. Newton— 1894; Jas. Nelson— 1895; Jas. Churney — 1896 (didn't qualify); Jos. Novak, Louis Cherf— 1895-96 (both failed to qualify); W. Eckstein, Jas. Nelson— 1897-98 ; B. Lukas, S. H. Wright— 1898-99; M. Lackerman, Matt Hurt— 1899- 01; Frank Kostka, Albert Smetana— 1900-01 ; Albert Smetana, Frank Plzak— 1901-02; R. Roggie, A. Lukas —1902-03; Giles Rynders, Jas. Nelson— 1903-04; Jas. Nelson, Jas. Whyte— 1904-05; Jas. White— 1906-08; A. J. Thompson— 1905-06; A. Honzik— 1906-07; J. Rine— 1907-08; B. Lukas, Frank Kostka— 1908-09; Adolph Novak, Emil Plzak— 1909-10; Chas. Shimek, Chas. Steinfest — 1910-11; Len Luege, Frank Chadek — 1914-15; Albert Swoboda, Frank Blahnik— 1911-12; Albert Swoboda, J. Koutnik— 1912-13; E. C. Nichels. Ludwig Kalish — 1913-14; Emil Plzak, George Stacek, 1915-16; Fred Rusch, Wm. Gleich— 1916-17; E. C. Nickel, Frank Schacher — 1917-18; Jos. Schauer, Charles Pinkner — 1918-1919; (in the Langlade Coun- ty official directory of 1918-19, Laddie Schmutzer, Bryant, Wis., is listed as a constable and Jos. Schauer is not. This is in conflict with the Neva township records); John F. Schultz, Steve Kirch— 1919-20; George Stacek— 1921-22; Stanley Plzak— 1922-23. SCHOOL DISTRICT BOUNDARIES. Neva township schools while erected soon after the arrival of the pioneer settlers were more pretentious institutions that some of the other pioneer schools of Langlade County. The hardships confronting the set- tlers in clearing a space in the dense forest for a school were nothing compared with financial demands of public schools and other township needs. The township was divided into three school sub- districts in 1883. District No. 1 commenced at the SW I4 of section 31, township 32 and ran three miles to the SE corner of section 33; thence north two miles to the NE corner of section 28; thence west three miles to the NW corner of section 30 ; thence south two miles to the place of beginning. Deerbrook, Reeves, and Neva corners were a part of this first district. School District No. 2 commenced at the SW corner of section 34, ran east on the town line to the SE corner of section 36; thence N on the town line four miles to the NE corner of section 13; thence west three miles to the NW corner of section 15; thence south one mile to the NW corner of section 22; thence west one mile to the NW corner of section 21 ; thence south one mile to the SW corner of section 21 ; thence east one mile to the SE corner of section 21 ; thence south two miles to the place of beginning. This district con- tained all of sections 34, 35, 36. 27. 26, 25, 21, 22, 23, 24, 15, 14 and 13. Melnik, now known as "Star Neva" was in District No. 2. School District No. 3 commenced at the NW corner of section 31, township 33, range 11 and ran east three miles to the NE corner of section 33, township 33, range 11 east; thence south to the SE corner of section 9, township 32, range 11 east; thence west three miles to the SW corner of section 7, township 32, range 11 east; thence north to the NW corner of section 31, township 33. Since 1883 the school districts have been changed frequently, the last change being made May 21, 1915. Neva township is now divided into five districts as fol- lows : District No. 1, District No. 2, Joint District No. 3, District No. 4 and District No. 5. DISTRICT NO 1 (JT.) KEMPSTER DISTRICT NO. 1, consists of sections 5 and 6 of Neva township and was organized in 1904. Its chief settlement is Kempster, located in the north- east corner of section 6, and on the border line between Neva and east Upham townships. Before the Chicago, Milwaukee & Lake Shore rail- road pushed up from Aniwa, Shawano County, many settlers had explored and established themselves in District No. 1. Anton Honzik and Joseph Krause es- tablished themselves in the immediate vicinity of Kempster in 1877. Joseph Hoffman and Julius Schultz erected the first saw mill at Kempster in 1899. It was a substantial es- tablishment for the little hamlet and the means of livelihood for many settlers. The plant came into possession of F. C. Meyers and Frank Borth, who mov- ed to Kempster in 1898. The new owners erected a planing mill and made extensive improvements on the saw mill, which they operated until 1907, when the en- tire institution was taken over by the Wisconsin Bark 6 Lumber Company, an Antigo firm, now extinct. In 1880, Russell & Upham, Shawano County land dealers, who controlled much land in Langlade Coun- ty, erected a small store at Kempster. One year lat- er the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad put in a turn-table and an engine house, both of which meant much to the growth of the district. A hotel was erected to provide lodging for the men employed in laying rail north. Six years before the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western was taken over by the C. & N. W. Ry., Kempster's railroad facilities were torn down. If the business had warranted it the engine house would have stayed. Antigo was near, however and the railroad authorities desired centralization of all shops and elimination of engine houses not needed. Theodore Lenzner and Charles Tuma conducted the first hotel on the west side of the main track. In 1908 the hotel suffered a loss by fire. The building is now in custody of Kempster Grange No. 650, it having been moved from its original site. In 1909 the lumber yards of the Wisconsin Bark & Lumber Company were burned and the boarding house suffered a loss. The site of the first saw mill is still visible, the ruins serving HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 217 as a monument to almost forgotten days. The old track bed is slowly decaying. Logs were rolled from this sidetrack into the little lake that lies between a group of rolling hills. The first school house in the district was erected in 1902 with an enrollment of ten pupils. Miss Josephine Donohue was the first instructor. Frank Ringsmith, Theodore Lenzner and August Klever were members of the school board then. Improvements have been made at the school, which is situated on the west side of Highway No. 39, north of Kempster hotel, in 1919. The school district is a joint unit with sections in Peck and Upham townships. Other industries that have flourished are a cheese factory, a garage, now operating, a saloon and dance hall. The principal store is that of L. A. Taylor, who purchased from P. S. Anderson, in 1920. Mr. Ander- son came to Kempster in 1914 from Amherst Junction, Wisconsin. The store was previously erected by Frank Borth, who opened the place in 1903. Kempster Grange No. 650 was organized at the school house on November 4, 1917. First officers were: Master — Mrs. Emma Foreman; Overseer — Cleve Nelson; Steward — Emil Carlson; Assistant Ste- ward — Frank Long; Chaplain — Frank Vining; Treas- urer — T. R. Fowler; Secretary — Russell Knight; Gate- keeper — Oscar Larson; Lecturer — Ethel Tucker; Lady Assistant Steward — Mrs. Wm. Pheister; Ceres — Mrs. S. Tucker; Pomona — Mrs. E. G. Carlson; Flora — Mrs. Wm. Foreman. Present officers are : Master — Mrs. Anna Hess; Overseer — John Byers; Steward — Carl Foreman; Assistant Steward — Wm. Foreman; Chap- plain — Noah Yoder; Treasurer — George Grossman; Secretary — Carl Mishler; Gatekeeper — Frank Knight; Lecturer — Mrs. A. Kelly; Lady Assistant Steward — Miss Wyomonia Lenzner. Meetings are held at Kemp- ster hall. Twenty-five progressive people are mem- bers. Postmasters of Kempster, District No. 1 (Jt.) have been E. S. Brooks, Frank Borth, P. S. Anderson, L. A. Taylor, (present incumbent). The village received its name from Dr. J. Kempster, Milwaukee, who owned tracts of land in the vicinity. Prominent setlers now are : Theodore Lenzner, Frank Borth, L. A. Taylor, Frank Grossman, J. Lavis, R. Knight, George Magoon, August Klever, Bert Keen, Ernest Anderson, Caleb Moss, George Moss, Frank Vining, Anton Kartz, Charles Piper, Mrs. Jno. Clauder- man, John Young, John Petarski, Clarence Mishler, John Beyer, John Hilbert, Edward Barnett, K. Tucker, L. A. Taylor, F. Moss, J. Westneer, Wm. Burkatt. A Congregational church was organized in the dis- trict in 1921. DISTRICT NO. 2. GILLIS DISTRICT can rightfully be considered the heart of Neva township, historically and geographical- ly. The history of Neva township is constructed from the early deeds and achievements of the pioneers of District No. 2. It is essentially an agricultural and dairying district. District No. 2 consists of 1/2 of section 12, I/2 of sec- tion 11, 1/2 of section 10, 14 of section 16, sections 15, 14, 1/2 oi section 13, 3-4 of section 23, sections 22, 21 and 1/2 of section 27. Joseph Duchac, first settler, contracted for land from F. A. Deleglise, representing the Favinger Land Agency of Appleton, Wis., in 1878. Prior to then this was a vast wilderness. Joseph Duchac erected a little home for his family on section 21. He began at once to encourage other settlers to come to the district. The district while originally organized in 1883 has experi- enced many changes in boundary, the last of which was recorded in May, 1905. In the wake of the trail blazed by Mr. Duchac came other sturdy pioneers: James Rine, Sr., James Rine, Jr., Robert Rine, Wencel Krinek, Wencel Vanatatko, W. J. Karbon, Sr., Dan and James Gillis, Fred Behm, Wencel Shipek, Frank Kakes, Jos. Plzak, Jas. Fairchild, John Kramer, Jos. Cherf, Jas. Cherf, Frank Mattek, John Kasa, August Shaller, Jos. Stacek, Anton Stacek, Jake Koutnik, George Chadek, Wm. and Chris. Behm, Jas. Eckstein, Jos. Runstick, Abe Thompson, the Wendorf family, Novotnys, Nels Johnson, August Weber, Simon Bren- ner and Frank Metcalf were early settlers. The settlers came principally from Manitowoc and Kewaunee Counties, Wisconsin. The first community was Melnik, where Joseph Du- chac erected the first saw mill on the south bank of the Eau Claire river on section 21. This afforded the settlers a means of sawing logs and using the lumber to erect houses, barns and other buildings. A school was erected the first year of organization, 1883. James Rine, Fred Behm and Joseph Duchac contributed to the erection of the building in several worthy ways. James Rine, Jas. Gillis and Fred Behm were Clerk, Treasurer and Director respectively of the first district school board. Miss Eva Woodward was the first teacher in the district. Thirteen pupils attended the first school session. The school was a small frame building. The first teacher received $30.00 per month for her services. The school was remodeled and additions were made in 1910. In January, 1920, the old school burned. The villagers made frantic efforts to save some of the school furniture and books. School was commenced in the modern brick school house completed at a cost of $14,000 in 1920. Members of the school board then were: Frank Chadek, Clerk; James Mattek, Di- rector and Jos. Runstick, Treasurer. The school is a credit to the district, being one of the best in Lang- lade County. Manufacture of lumber and agriculture were the principal occupations of the first settlers. Joseph Du- chac operated his saw mill and a general store at Meln- ik until 1885. He permitted Hoxie & Mellor to cut logs at his Melnik mill, and then the plant was sold to Dan and James Gillis, who came to Neva township from Menominee, Michigan. The Gillis Brothers op- erated the mill and general store until 1890, when James Cherf, associated with his brother, Louis Cherf, purchased it. They dismantled the mill in 1900. 218 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. The old boilers still rest on the banks of the Eau Claire river and remnants of the old track of Fraker & Graves, loggers and lumber operators, is still visible. This track connected the Melnik mill with Deerbrook. Cars of lumber were hauled by horses to the main track of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad. The old general store opened first by Joseph Duchac was taken over by Joseph Shimon and John Shimon, who operated a saloon and a store. Charles Stein- fest then came into possession of the store and he was followed by Frank Chadek, who converted it into a garage, in 1916. In 1920 Arthur Nonnemacher and Dan Hale purchased the property from Frank Chadek. They now use the building for garage purposes. The Henry Jacobus store in this district was first used as a store by Frank Jachl, who came to District No. 2 from the south. After operating a year he sold to James Rine, Jr., who in turn sold to Albert Bubholtz, who then after a short while sold to Henry Jacobus. A store was operated by James Cherf, where the Northern Cheese Factory, J. W. Mattek, prop., is now located. Mr. Mattek bought the factory site from Frank Mattek, who had purchased from Mr. Cherf. The store was operated about two years. In 1914 the blacksmith shop, conducted by the late Joseph Chadek was burned. He was the first black- smith in the district. The saloon in the district was erected by James White and is now run by Joseph Diska. The North- ern Cheese factory is the only one in the district, lo- cated on section 21. The town hall is now located in District No. 2 on section 2. There are a few log cabins still used in the district. A cemetery is located on section 22 in the district. This is the property of the Bohemian Cemetery Asso- ciation organized December 8, 1892. The cemetery is located on the SE - 4 of the NW ^ 4 of section 22. First officers were Wencel Rine, Valcav Rine and Wen- eel Krainik. The early settlers can recall the proposed route of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western road through the district in 1881. Many of the pioner settlers came to this district in ox carts or in railroad box cars. CHIPPEWA INDIAN VILLAGE. Before the white settlers came into District No. 2, a tribe of Chippewa Indians were settled on the east side of Bass Lake on section 10. Another band were settled on the west bank of the Eau Claire river in the northeast quarter of section 15. They lived is rude log huts and cabins. After the white settlers came the Indians traded at their stores, sold blue berries, birch bark baskets and evergreen to the people. They also worked in the saw mill at Melnik. On the Nels John- son farm in District No. 2, many old implements such as knives, bone needles, arrow heads and crude utensils have been found by Nels Johnson, owner of the prop- erty. The Indians on section 10 hunted game and also fished in the Eau Claire river, which connects with Sucker Creek. These tribes were very aggressive. On section 15, Joseph Duchac, first town chairman, re- calls an old fortress. The logs of which it was construct- ed were ten feet high. An earthworks was thrown against the logs to aid in defensive operations of the Indians. The Indians here would canoe the Eau Claire river or follow the trails on its banks to Scho- field, Marathon County from where they could go down the Wisconsin river. This is the same route used by early fur traders in Langlade County, who canoed to St. Louis, Mo. A post office was once established at Melnik. PRESENT INDUSTRIES. Present industries are : Northern Cheese factory, Neva Garage, Star Soft Drink parlors and a store own- ed by Henry Jacobus. The Eau Claire river runs through sections 14, 15, 21 and 22 in this district. DISTRICT NO. 3. LITTLE CHICAGO DISTRICT, Neva township was re-organized May 21, 1915. It comprises section 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, ^2 of section 10, ^ 2 of section 11, 1 2 of sec- tion 12, 18, 17 and I2 of section 16. It is familiarly known as Little Chicago District because of the many settlers who moved to it from Chicago. Joseph Krause, Anton Honzik, Martin Schacher, E. R. Whitmore, Joseph Honzik, R. Olmsted, Frank Borth, James Nelson, were among the very early settlers. Others early but more recent than the first were : Frank Kletzka, Paul Masek, James Masek, Jonas Gleich, James Nelson, and W. Tesarek. The Little Chicago district was first created in 1912. The first frame school was moved to the school site, southeast quarter of section 8 in 1886. The frame school served the little citizens, eager to acquire knowl- edge, for many years until 1912. A new school house was then erected of brick at a cost of $2,250.00. A. 0. Sherwood of Antigo was the contractor. James Nel- son, Frank Schacher, and Emil Honzik were then school officers. The district is a little stony and rolling, but produc- tivity is very good. It was once heavily timbered with pine. Teachers since 1912 have been: Eva Schultz, Alice Doucette, Rose Stacek, Ernestine Kopeschka, Alvina Dvorak, lone Preston, Irene McCormick, Marie Robin- son. The C. & N. W. Ry. serves the district with a spur track from Kempster. Loggers use the track for loading purposes. Loggers in the district are Theo- dore Lenzner, Frank Schacher, Fred Honzik, Frank Keller, Frank Kletzka, and James Masek. Five young men went from the district to serve this country in the World War. Kempster and Neva are the nearest trading posts. It is a new community that has fair chances for de- velopment. There are 150 people residents or 27 families in the HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 219 community. The Little Chicago Grange was for many- years a force for good in the community. JOINT DISTRICT NO. 3. DEERBROOK DISTRICT consists of sections 19, 20, 34 of 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and Vz of 34. Most of the pioneer settlers of this district emigrated to America from Bohemia, settled at Manitowoc and then pur- chased land in Neva township, Langlade County. The first settlers in this district were: Wencel Smetana, John Novak and Charles Mosher. They came in 1879. It took the first two pioneers seven days to come from Manitowoc to Neva township with a pair of oxen. All of their wordly belongings were hauled in the rough wagon that trudged over the poor roads. In the night these sturdy settlers camped by the wayside as there were no hotels or taverns as convenient as today. Oth- er early settlers were : Albert Chadek, Fred Schwartz, John Barta, Albert Barta, W. J. Mattek, Joseph Cherf, Jr., James Mattek, James Cherne, and Fred Jacobus. The chief settlements in the district are Neva Corn- ers and Deerbrook. Neva Corners is at the meeting point of five well travelled highways. The first gener- al store was erected at Neva Corners by W. J. Mattek. He still operates the store. There is also a state bank at Neva corners (for more data refer to Banks and Finance). Germanson Brothers and the farmers as a cooperative body conduct cheese factories in the dis- trict. The Germanson Brothers are also in the cream- ery business. There is a saloon at Neva Corners also. The first saloon was erected by James Cherf, Jr. Jos. Benishek conducted the first cheese factory in the township on the NE % of the NE I4 of section 32. W. J. Mattek, Wencel Smetana and Andrew Kaplanek ope- rate soft drink parlors. Albert Smetana and Giles Rynders operated meat markets in the district, but Henry Jacobus is the only proprietor of a meat market at present. W. J. Mat- tek and Wencel Smetana are proprietors of two large dance halls. Ed. Masek and Adolph Novak are the two black- smiths in the district. In 1896 a German Lutheran church was erected on section 28. The late Rev. A. Grimm of Antigo was first Pastor. Deerbrook, situated on the main line of the Chicago & North Western railway, was named by Edward Daw- son, timber cruiser and prospector, who, while camping near the Eau Claire river watched the deer "drink his fill" each morning just as the sun peeped over the hills proclaiming a new day. Thus he called it "Deer- brook," by which it has since been known. In 1898 a number of farmers of Neva township or- ganized a cooperative corporation and erected a grist mill and saw mill at Deerbrook. They operated un- til 1910 when they went into bankruptcy. The entire plant and property was then purchased by Hirt Broth- ers, present owners. Present industries are: Hirt's saw and grist mill, Fred Weigert, store, post office, Henry Jacobus store, Deerbrook Hotel, Service Garage, all at Deerbrook. The first school was erected in 1883 on the John Novak farm, and after many years of service burned down. The next school was built at what is now the Deerbrook sand pit in the old platted village of Reeves. The school burned and the school children attended school at Neva Corners school in the same district (there were then two schools in the district). In 1904 the present commodious school was erected on section 29. It is a first class state graded school of brick construction, two stories, and one of the finest in the county. The old school at Neva Corners is still stand- ing. The progress of the district can be noted by comparing it with the present school. Thomas Chadek for years prior to 1885 conducted a general store and blacksmith shop on section 29 in this district. The town board met for many sessions in "Chadek's Hall." This district has a Catholic church and a German Lutheran church. Rev. A. Grimm, deceased, was the first Pastor of the Lutheran church. The Catholic church was organized by the then Pastor of St. Mary's church of Antigo. A Catholic and Lutheran cemetery are located in the district. In 1886, J. Harlow and H. B. Luce of Wausau erect- ed a saw mill in the district on section 30. It ope- rated successfully for a number of years and was sold to Frank Dexter, who in 1898 sold to John Randall, Louis Novotny and Anton Jichi. The mill burned down in 1900. It was never rebuilt. DISTRICT NO. 5. SPRINGBROOK DISTRICT is not as old as other districts discussed, yet it is equally as progressive. It was organized in 1904 after discussion, pro and con, was heard at the home of Frank Kakes, section 25. Portions of Districts No. 1, 2 and 3 were detached to make District No. 5. Thus the district includes sections 36, 35, % of section 34, I2 of section 27, 26, 25, 24, H of 13, i^ of section 23. The area of the district is 6 3-4 square miles. In the spring of 1905 after due notice was presented to the electorate land was purchased from J. Klapste and in the fall of the same year a modern school house was erected on the SE 14 of the SE I/4 of section 26. Accordingly the school district was named Springbrook because of that stream meandering through sections 25, 35 and 36, near the school house and in the district. The first school officers were: B. Lukas, Director; W. J. Kramer, Clerk and J. Wenzel, Treasurer. Present school officers are: Mrs. J. Wenzel, Clerk; Frank Plzak, Jr., Clerk and Jos. F. Klapste, Treasurer. Teachers thus far have been : Frances Schooly, Pearl Davis, Jessie Trusdell, Irene Day, Lottie Brazzard, Mae Van Vleet, Erna Below, Jennie Lade, Harriet Con- gleton. Miss Melbrecht, Rose Friebel and Alvina Dvorak. The cheese factory is operated by Mr. Plzak, sec- tion 25. Early settlers are: Frank Plzak, John Cherf, Frank Kakes, Jas. Pavlicek, George Gallenberg, Jos. Klapste, Harry Klapste, J. Klapste, Robert Rine, Jas. Pac- er, J. A. Wenzel, E. Nickels, John Behm. Many set- tlers are interested in the Neva Mutual Fire Insurance Co. The district has splendid roads and modern farms, is well equipped and progressive. 220 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XLIII. Norwood Township No. 30 N., R. 12 E. Lakes and Streams — Government Survey — Organization of Norwood — Township Officials 1881-1923 — Pioneer Settlers — Early Industries — Riverside — Phlox — Maple Grove — Apple Grove — Sugar Bush — Mayking — Twintownship and Mayking Granges. Norwood township is located in the extreme south central part of Langlade County and embraces the en- tire congressional township 30 north, Range 12 East, hence is six miles square and contains 36 full sections. It is bounded on the north by Antigo and Polar town- ships, on the east and south by Shawano County (Me- nominee Indian Reservation) and on the west by Roll- ing township. The United States government survey was inaugurated in Norwood by James Winthrow, No- vember 22, 1854, and was completed December 12, 1854. The township was originally covered with a dense growth of white and Norway pine, maple, red birch, elm and basswood. The general surface of the township is somewhat rolling with small level areas. The Red river, which received its name from its red bottom clay, arises in the northwest corner and flows southeast through the township, emptying into Moose Lake in section 16 and flowing through sections 14, 15, 22, 23, 25, 26 and 36. A small rivulet flows from Demlow's lake through sections 2, 3, 11 and 14 empty- ing into Red river. Trout Creek flows through sec- tions 1, 2, 12 and 13. Mud Brook runs through the southwestern part in the Maple Grove district. With the exception of the northwest part in a strip running through sections 6, 7, 17, 18, 19, 30 and a small area at the southeast end of Moose Lake, Norwood soil is one vast area of Gloucester silt loam, rolling phase. In the region mentioned as the northwest part Glou- cester sandy loam is found. Peat is found in small isolated areas in but few places. ORGANIZATION OF NORWOOD. Norwood township was once a part of Hutchinson township, Shawano County, and also of the old town of Mill, Shawano township. It was not a part of the orig- inal New County, detached from Oconto County in 1879. By the act of the state legislature, creating Langlade County, February 19, 1881, Norwood town- ship was attached to Langlade County. OFFICERS OF NORWOOD TOWNSHIP— 1881-1923. CHAIRMEN. John Jansen— 1881-83; Henry Heim— 1883-84; Wal- ter Guile— 1884-85; Henry Heim— 1885-86; Anton Sensenbrenner— 1886-87; John Jansen — 1887-88; Hen- ry Heim — April to June, 1888 (resigned) ; James Ken- nedy—June, 1888-89; Curtis Armstrong— 1889-90; Fred Nonnemacher — 1890-91 ; Curtis Armstrong — 1891-94; John Jansen— 1894-97; Charles W. Moss— 1897-99; Curtis Armtsrong— 1899-1900 ; E. W. Knapp —1900-02; Chris. Wunderlich— 1902-05; John Kauf- man— 1905-09; Henry Hersant— 1909-14; Henry Boett- cher— 1914-15; Henry Hersant— 1915-17; Ernest A. Moss— 1917-21; Steven Palmer— 1921-23. SUPERVISORS. A. Sensenbrenner, Henry Heim— 1881-83; A. W. Collins, Fred Goodwill— 1883-84; August Boettcher, Albert Menting — 1884-85; Pascal Langlois, George W. Bemis — 1885-86; Pascal Langlois, John McCandless — 1886-87; W. Eggink, C. Funck— 1887-88 ; Pascal Lang- lois, Curtis Armstrong— 1888-89; August Boettcher, Pascal Langlois — 1889-90; Fred Nonnemacher, Pascal Langlois — 1890-91 ; Fred Nonnemacher, M. Neubau- er — 1891-94; Michael Neubauer, Louis Robinson — 1894-97; Victor De Broux, John Zehner— 1897-99; Charles W. Moss, W. W. Jones— 1899-1900; Rasmus Johnson, H. 0. Beard— 1900-01 ; Louis King, S. Schu- feldt— 1901-02; Michael Neubauer, Fred Teal— 1902- 04; J. St. Mitchell, Michael Neubauer— 1904-05; Peter Hilger, Louis King — 1905-06; John Mitchell, Michael Neubauer — 1906-07; Michael Neubauer, Louis King — 1907-08; Michael Neubauer, Ernest A. Moss— 1908-09; F. Nonnenmacher, Fred Goodwill — 1909-12; William Shank, Fred Goodwill— 1912-15; Albert Koeppel, E. A. Moss — 1915-17; John Neubauer, Albert Koeppel — 1917-18; Wm. Shank, Fred Goodwill— 1918-20; Henry Hameister, Wm. Shank— 1920-22; Nels Jansen, Henry Hameister— 1922-23. CLERKS. George W. Bemis— 1881-82; 1882-96; Peter Guertz— 1896-02; 03; Isador Jansen— 1903-04; M. William G. Guertz— 1919-23. Charles W. Moss — M. A. Jansen— 1902- A. Jansen— 1904-19; TREASURERS. William Haferbecker— 1881-85; L. Bissonnette— 1885-88; Arnold P. Menting— 1888-94; Theo. Berend- sen— 1894-98; George Jansen— 1898-13; Joseph Marx —1913-19; George Jansen— 1919-23. ASSESSORS. Charles Clifford— 1881-83; E. D. Stewart— 1883-84 Charles Clifford— 1884-85; E. D. Stewart— 1885-86 Charles Clifford— 1886-87; S. D. Chappel— 1887-88 Wm. Haferbecker— 1888-89; John McCandless— 1889- 92; John Pennings— 1892-93; A. D. Matteson— 1893- 94; Pascal Langlois— 1894-97; R. S. Decker— 1897-98; Frank Olmsted— 1898-99; J. McLean— 1899-01 ; John HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 221 McCandless— 1901-02 ; John McClean— 1902-06; Au- gust Boettcher— 1906-07; John McClean— 1907-10 John Matteson— 1910-11; John McClean— 1911-12 John Matteson— 1912-13; John McClean— 1913-14 Paul Thompson— 1914-15; A. P. Menting— 1915-21 John McClean— 1921-22; A. P. Menting— 1922-23. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. L. Bissonnette, Henry Mitchell, S. Sedjwick — 1881- 82; S. Sedjwick, L. Bissonnette— 1882-84; Mr. Thompson, E. Stickney — 1882-83; George W. Bemis, H. Beard— 1883-84; S. T. Sedjwick, L. Bissonnette, G. W. Bemis, H. Beard— 1884-85; E. 0. Matteson, G. W. Bemis— 1885-87; H. O. Beard, E. D. Matteson— 1887- 88; James Ryan— 1888-89; S. T. Sedjwick, A. L. Weeks— 1888-90; E. D. Matteson, H. McCandless— 1889-90; A. Maes, M. Lower— 1890-91 ; G. W. Bemis— 1892-93; Henry Thompson, A. M. Robinson— 1893-94; Chris Wunderlich, Wm. Freeland— 1894-95; J. W. Merrill, Chris. Wunderlich— 1895-96; Chris. Wunder- lich. Judd Wait, George Garrett— 1896-97; Ed. Knapp, 0. Beard— 1897-98; Fred Shanke, P. Marx, E. D. Mat- teson, Henry McCandless — 1898-99; Pascal Langlois, E. W. Knapp, Elmer Thompson— 1899-1900; Fred Zwickey, Henry Thompson — 1900-01 ; John Kaufman, George Garrett — 1901-02; Martin Bongers, Louis Rob- inson 1902-03; M. A. Jansen, Jos. Minch— 1903-04; Jos. Minch, H. G. Thompson, Moses Langlois — 1904-05; M. Langlois, J. Matteson— 1905-06; W. B. Dresser, Mose Langlois— 1906-08; A. G. Pietz— 1907-08; W. B. Dresser, Pascal Langlois — 1906-07; Frank Glouder- man, Frank Thompson — 1909-10; Wm. B. Dresser, Frank Glouderman — 1910-11; Bernard Berendsen, Jos- eph Schmidt— 1911-12; J. S. Heinzen, F. Buckbee— 1912-13; Peter J. Marx, J. S. Heinzen— 1913-14; Jos- eph Meunch, J. S. Heinzen — 1914-15; Joseph Meunch —1915-16; John Kwick, J. Heinzen— 1916-17; Norman Koch, Martin Doine— 1917-18; Earl Hill, Fred Moenke —1918-19; Charles Elscholtz, Albert Tatro— 1919-20; W. B. Dresser, F. Moenke, Jr.— 1920-21; Earl Hill, Wm. Wegner— 1921-22; E. Hill, Charles Hippe, W. B. Dresser— 1922-23. CONSTABLES. Michael Neubauer, William McClean, A. P. Ment- ing— 1881-82; G. W. Garrett, John McCandless, Wm. Eggink — 1882-83; George Garrett, M. Neubauer, L. Robinson — 1883-84; M. Neubauer, A. Brouilliard, Peter Muhm— 1884-85; J. McCandless, G. W. Garrett, Irwin Hartel— 1885-86; C. McClean, P. Bissonnette, David Morehouse — 1887-88; J. Weaver, David Morehouse, P. Bissonnette — 1888-89; Elmer Thompson, P. Bisson- nette, Thomas McNutt— 1889-90; David Morehouse, A. Waldfoger, D. Robinson— 1890-91 ; E. Thompson, P. Bissonnette, Fred Shanke — 1891-92; David Morehouse, Ed. Jarvis, M. Lauer— 1892-93; G. W. Garrett, Henry Hersant, George Young — 1893-94; John Fehner, M. Lauer, J. W. Merrill— 1894-95; Andrew Godansky, Wm. Moe, George Jesse, Sr.— 1896-97; Fred Teal, John Hersant — 1897-98; John Hersant, Elmer Thompson, Charles Filiatreau— 1898-99; John Hersant, Fred Teal, J. Narlow, Albert Waterman— 1899-1900; John Her- sant, George Eggink — 1901-02; John Hersant, Henry sant, George Eggin — 1901-02; John Hersant, Henry Boettcher — 1902-03; John Neubauer, Henry Egin — • 1903-04; Henry Eggink, John Mitchell— 1904-05; H. Hall, W. Robinson— 1905-06; G. W. Eggink, Ernest A. Moss — 1906-07; G. Eggink, Chas. Bostwick, John Armstrong— 1907-08; E. Howard, F. Buckbee, H. Herman Labbus — 1912-13; Joseph Rabideau, G. Eg- gink— 1913-14; J. Rabideau, A. Gillman— 1914-15; J. Rabideau, John Reindl — 1915-16; Nels Johnson, Jos- eph Schmidt— 1916-17; Earl Hill, Nels Jansen— 1917- 11; G. Eggink, H. Narlow— 1911-12; Joseph Rabideau, 1908-1909; Henry Struck, George Eggink— 1909- 18; Nels Jansen, Joseph Schmidt— 1918-19; A. Water- man, Nels Jansen — 1919-20; Nels Jansen, Geo. Schlientz, A. Welsh— 1920-21 ; J. Smith, Jr., Louis Ano — 1921-22; A. Waterman, John Matteson, George Johnston— 1922-23. DISTRICT NO. 1. RIVERSIDE DISTRICT. In 1878 Henry Mitchell, a resident of Menasha came to the town of Mill, Shaw- ano County, and erected a saw mill on section 22 near what is now Moose Lake, Norwood township. Ross Young, also of Menasha was his associate. Mr. Young erected a cabin home for himself on section 15. Thus these two men, who came primarily because of the lumber industry, were the earliest settlers in Riverside. The Mitchell mill, as it was called, was erected on section 22 near the mouth of Moose Lake. Nearly a year elapsed before the arrival of the next two settlers, Peter Hilger and Michael Neubauer, who, in 1878, cam from Appleton. Charles W. Moss moved his family from Neenah to section 16 in the year 1879. They started a store which operated from 1879 to 1881. Other very early settlers were : I. Narlow, P. Muhm, of Menasha, Austin Robinson, Appleton, and Henry Wa- terman, of Oshkosh, homesteaders. These settlers came before the Milwaukee, Lake Shore Sf Western railroad stretched north from Clinton- ville, fifty one miles distant. All provisions were se- cured from that place. Riverside district was then known as District No. 2, Hutchinson township, Shawano County. The first school meeting was held September 8, 1879 in Hutchinson township. In 1880 this district was changed to Milltown district No. 2. In 1881, when Norwood was attached to Langlade County it became District No. 1 of Norwood. April 13, 1881, the set- tlers planned a log raising "bee" for the erection of the school house. Previously school was held at the home of Charles W. Moss, while the school (log) was built on the line between sections 11 and 14. In 1884 a new frame school was built and is still used. It is located on the southwest quarter of section 14. The area of this district is, 3,840 acres, containing all of sections 13, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24. The town hall of Norwood is located on section 22, this district. 222 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. DISTRICT NO. 2. RED RIVER DISTRICT. In May, 1877. Joseph St. Louis, Moses St. Louis, Louis Bergeon and Joseph Bergeon, residents of Little Chute, Outagamie County, cut a trail through the wilderness from Leopolis, Town- ship 27, Range 14 East, to Township 30, Range 12 East. These four prospectors staked homesteads in the coun- try infested by nothing but animals — the deer, wolf, bear and lynx. Only an occasional Indian trail gave ariy evidence of man. Returning to Little Chute these adventurers told of the country "in the north woods" and in August, 1877, Albert Menting, Joseph St. Louis, John Menting and Mr. and Mrs. Frank St. Louis (Mrs. St. Louis was the first white woman in Norwood) mov- ed in with teams. It was a tiresome journey over a poor tote road and often the wheels of the heavy over- land schooners were mired in mud. The first night was spent under the hemlock boughs, corner of sections 23, 24, 25 and 26. Arriving at section 26, all the newcomers began building the first log cabin in Nor- wood township on section 26 — the old Frank St. Louis homestead. All these pioneers lived in the St. Louis log dwelling until they could "roll up" cabins on their own homestead claims. Joseph Bergeon settled on section 23; Albert Menting homesteaded on section 24; Joseph St. Louis homesteaded on section 26; Mr. and Mrs. Frank St. Louis homesteaded on section 26; Moses St. Louis homesteaded on section 28. Before the ar- rival of these settlers the August Boelke homestead near Leopolis was the farthest northern cabin between Antigo and Township 28, Range 12 East. Other set- tlers followed and before long Pascal Langlois, came from Bay settlement, homesteading on section 27; Louis Morrison homesteaded on section 26. They came in 1878. Others who arrived the same year were: John Cardin from Bay Settlement; John Jan- sen from Buchanan, Wis.; J. B. Lawrence from Little Chute and Desert De Broux from Little Chute. Oliver Shadick settled on section 35 and Warren Jones on sec- tion 34 in the fall of 1878. They both came from Menasha. In the spring of 1879 Silas Began took up a claim on section 36. John Jansen opened the first store, log cabin, which still stands, on section 26 in 1879. Shortly after the first post office was opened with Mr. Jansen in charge. Before then mail was sent in from Leopolis two to three times a week. The post office was named Phlox, after a wild genus of herbs growing in the forests nearby. In 1879, the Rev. Father Masschelein of Keshena, Shawano County, was called to visit a sick person and while there celebrated mass in the little log cabin of Henry St. Louis. The distance to Phlox from Ke- shena then was thirty miles over rough rocky Indian trails. Rev. Father Masschelein came to the settle- ment on horseback. In May, 1879, Rev. Father Philip St. Louis walked from Clintonville to Phlox to admin- ister to the spiritual wants of the people. In 1880, five acres of land were donated for church purposes and in 1881 a log church was erected, 34x50 feet. At the same time an Altar Society was organized with a mem- bership of 25. In 1882, Rev. Father Ph. St. Louis became the resident pastor of Phlox. In 1883 a paro- chial school was erected, occupying an area of 26x27 feet. In 1884 the church parsonage was constructed. In 1888 a new church in honor of St. Joseph was erect- ed by Father Ph. St. Louis. Father St. Louis closed his missionary labors at Phlox, September 12, 1893, moving to Aniwa. Pastors since in order were : Rev. Wm. De Haan, Rev. F. Vollbrecht, Rev. F. Ruessman, Rev. George Pesch, Rev. Wm. De Haan and Rev. I. G. Schmitt, who is now in charge of the Phlox church. The present Phlox parochial school was built in 1907. The parish was re-built in 1898, during Father Vollebrecht's pastorate. The first public school was erected on section 26 in 1880 and was first taught by Olive St. Louis. Those who attended were: Thomas Mitchell, George Young, Henry, Herman, and Mary Menting, Leo and Maggie Langlois, Delia St. Louis, Clophil St. Louis, Isadore Jansen, Thomas, Josephine and Philomene Lawrence, Michael and John De Broux, Kate Mitchell and Jos. and John Neubauer. The 1922-23 public school teacher at Phlox was Mrs. A. J. Reinert. George Guertz, Andrew Regan and Nels Jansen, are Clerk, Director and Treasurer, re- spectively. Postmasters at Phlox have been : John Jansen (first), Arnold P. Menting, Mrs. John Jansen, Ed. Knapp, Guy Mclntee, Margaret Kaufman and George Guertz, present postmaster. The first mill erected in the district was built by Thomas St. Louis on section 26 in 1880. It burned down shortly afterwards. Frank and Joseph St. Louis re-built the mill, sold to the Mattoon Mfg. Co., of She- boygan, who in 1889 sold to John and David Matteson, who came from Wittenberg. A tramway was con- structed from the mill to Elmhurst for hauling the pro- duct of the mill to the main track. The tramway was used but little, however. In 1897 Matteson & Co. sold to John Kaufman who in 1914 sold the plant to the Red River Mfg. Co. The Red River Mfg. Company is superintended by M. J. EUstad. Charles Elscholz is the resident manager. It is now a modern plant, on the banks of the Red river. Thomas Wilson operated a butter bowl factory from 1889 to 1892. John Menting was a partner to Wilson for some time. In 1889 John Menting erected a broom handle factory near the Andrew Regan property. A. P. Menting ran it also. Frank St. Louis had a cant hook factory on section 26, from 1892 to 1895. The first Phlox hotel was built by Peter Bissonnette. The present Hotel Allright was originally the John Jan- sen residence. In 1904 it was taken over by John Mat- teson, remodeled, and has since been used as a hotel. It has gained considerable prominence as headquart- ers for tourists and fishermen. The Red river is nearby. Highway No. 47 runs through Phlox from Antigo to Shawano. Warren Jones once ran a hotel in Phlox. It was sold to the Mattoon Mfg. Co., who in turn sold to J. and D. A. Matteson Co. Mattesons sold to Ed. Knapp, who came to Phlox from Clinton- ville. He traded the property to Ed. Hadler of An- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 223 tigo, who sold to W. B. Dresser. The building is now the Phlox Hardware location. The present industries and business places of Phlox are: Red River Mfg. Co., the Farmers' State Bank, A. J. Reinert, Cashier; The George W. Guertz general merchandise store. Duenke & Moss general store, Hotel Allright, John Matteson, prop.; George Jansen Hard- ware; George Schlientz, soft drink parlor; John Van Ooyan soft drink parlor; Norman M. Racine soft drink parlor; M. W. A. Hall; Henry Menting, Chiropractor; Phlox Garage, W. J. Menting & Co., Props.; Peter Weber and Henry Eggink, blacksmiths; The A. F. Schulz Creamery, A. F. Schultz, prop., was established in 1902 by the Fargo Creamery Supply Co., a farmers cooperative unit. In was purchased by John and Glen Kaufman May 7, 1912, and then by A. F. Schultz, May 1, 1915. The plant has an annual capacity of 160,000 pounds of cheese and 20,000 pounds of Clover Leaf Brand butter. The office of the Norwood township clerk, William Guertz, is in the village of Phlox. Phlox, Norwood township village, is 33 miles from Shawano, 25 miles from Keshena, Indian Reservation village, 121 2 jjiiles from Neopit and 13 miles from An- tigo, county seat. DISTRICT NO. 3. MAPLE GROVE DISTRICT. Maple Grove is ideally situated in the southwestern part of Norwood township, near the county line between Shawano and Langlade Counties. It was first settled in 1879 and 1880 by brave and courageous prospectors, homestead seekers and timber hunters, who came with their slow yokes of oxen or with the heavy wagons drawn by horses over the rough trails from Clintonville. Anton Sensenbrenner, Henry Lloyd, Walter Lloyd, then a child, Jesse Armstrong, Henry Hilger, Fred Goodwill, Charles Clifford and M. Thurot were the first settlers. Later settlers, who were in the district very early were ; Israel Ano, Frank Brouilliard, the Cunningham family, Ed. Jarvis, James St. Mitchell. Abraham. Dione, Mich- ael Rayome and John Rayome. The first school house was built on section 29. It was erected by all the settlers, who set aside a day for a log raising "bee." The district settlers set aside their daily tasks and in a short time a one-room log cabin was erected. Miss Z. Grignon was the first teacher. Laura Royer was the second teacher. The children of the Lloyd, Henry Hilger, F. Brouillard, Ano, St. Mitchell, Cunningham, Jarvis, Goodwill and Clifford families attended the first school. The log school was used until 1896 when a frame school was built. It is still in use. The school was erected by Misseador Thurot. It was remodeled in 1918 by Frank Mottel of Mattoon. The 1922-23 school officials were : Mrs. Martha Beusch, Clerk; John Spiegl, Director and Alfred Resch, Treasurer. The 1922-23 teacher was Esther Nowotny. The first cheese factory in this district was erected by Walter Lloyd on the site of the present Norwood Cheese Factory, section 28, in 1912. It was sold to Frank Barta by the original owner. The first factory burned down and in 1920 was re-built by him. September 16, 1921, Emil H. Hintz, progressive cheese maker, purchased the factory, which he ope- rated until September, 1922, when it burned. It was known as the Norwood Cheese Factory. The area of this district is 3,840 acres or six square miles. It contains all of sections 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33. There are four lakes in the district. DISTRICT NO. 4. APPLE GROVE DISTRICT. Apple Grove is sit- uated in the west central part of Norwood township and comprises all of sections 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21. Its area includes 3,840 acres of tillable land. Apple Grove was settled by a group of pioneers who came from Greenville township, Outagamie Coun- ty in 1879. Its first settler was John J. Simpson, who came from Greenville township in the fall of 1879 and settled on a homestead located on section 17 (NE I4). He was followed by George W. Bemis, who, in March, 1880, settled on section 19. Dallas Chappel came in 1879, homesteading on section 20. John A. Spencer homesteaded on section 22 in 1879. William McLean came from Omro in 1879 and homesteaded the SE V4 of section 17. Other early settlers were: Thomas Mc- Nutt, Charles Shead, J. W. Morse, Langlade County's first County Judge, who, in 1880, homesteaded on sec- tion 18. He came from Menasha. Charles Shead came from Vermont state and operated a store for Daniel Chandler, of Menasha. The store was locat- ed on section 16 and was erected in 1880, and dis- continued a few years later. Education of the children was important to the pioneer. Therefore as soon as the log cabins were "rolled up" means of education were discussd. School was opened on section 18 in the log shanty on the old George Garrett farm. This was three years before the first log school was built in 1883 on section 20 on the Dallas Chappel farm. He donated an acre of land for school purposes. This pioneer temple of education was used until 1897 when a new school was erected on the NW I4 of section 20 on the C. 0. Peter- son farm site. John J. Simpson, afterwards the first Langlade County Clerk, was the first teacher. Miss Hutchins was the first woman teacher. The first teacher in the frame school was Martha Miller. The first school board officials in Apple Grove district were : J. W. Morse, Treasurer; George W. Bemis, Clerk and Dallas Chappel, Director. Early teachers were: Osca Bemis, Miss Hutchins, John J. Simpson, Hattie Thomp- son and Nancy Hutton now Nancy Garrett. First pup- ils were : George and Osca Bemis, Charles, Henry, James, and Frank Morse, J. Spencer and Myrtle Chap- pel. In 1910 a Methodist Episcopal church was establish- ed on section 18. It was named in honor of Rev. San- born, its first Pastor. Apple Grove district has progressed wonderfully since the first vanguard of homesteaders came with horse and buck board or oxen from Outagamie Coun- 224 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. ty. It has a population of over one hundred inhabi- tants and more than twenty permanent farmers. The school, frame structure, is pleasantly situated in an apple grove, planted in an early day. Instead of the old trail and tote road the district now has well kept highways. Most of the old pioneers have moved from the district and new settlers have taken over the old historic homesteads. Those still living can recall when G. W. Bemis of the district or Henry Peters of the Strassburg district. Rolling town- ship, moved the settlers into the district, almost a half century ago. Antigo was then a hamlet with but three building, Doc. Olmsted's store, L. D. Moses' store, Niels Anderson's store and F. A. Deleglise's home and real estate office. The nearest railroad was fifty miles away at Clintonville. TWINTOWNSHIP NO. 596. Twintownship Grange No. 596 was organized No- vember 11, 1912. The following officers were elected to guide the grange during its first year : Master- William Haefeker; Overseer — Walter Swenson; Lec- turer — Martha Buesch; Steward — Henry Hameister; Assistant Steward — Harry Lyons; Lady Assistant Ste- ward — Alma Sage; Chaplain — P. T. Gillett; Treasurer — H. H. Schroeder; Secretary — Charles Vorass; Ceres — Ruth Lyon; Pomona — Irene Schroeder; Flora — Edna Johnson; Gatekeeper — Alvin Sage. The first gathering of the Twintownship Grange members was held at the Sanborn M. E. Church. On August 5, 1914, the grange was notified to look for a new meeting place and it was then that the members decided to build their own meeting place. A structure was erected on the northwest corner of the Charles Hippe farm, Norwood township. The building com- mittee consisted of: Minnie Elchnitze, Ferry Gillett, Henry Naumann, Ed. Dodge and Herman Wirth. The building, 30x50 feet cost $1,500.00. It was dedi- cated December 31, 1914, by State Master Culbertson. Regular sessions of the grange are held every first and third Wednesdays. Present membership consists of thirty. Present officers of Twintownship Grange No. 596 are: Master — H. H. Schroeder; Overseer — P. T. Gil- lett ; Lecturer — Fred F. Schulze ; Steward — Neal Schroeder; Assistant Steward — Paul Spearr; Chaplain — Charles Hippe; Treasurer — Andrew Johnson; Secre- tary — Minnie E. Schulze; Gatekeeper — Le Roy St. Pierre; Flora — Dorothy Gillett; Lady Assistant Ste- ward — Alice Hippe. DISTRICT NO. 5. SUGAR BUSH DISTRICT. Sugar Bush is in the northwestern part of Norwood township, within easy riding distance from Antigo, county seat. It is on Highway No. 47, main route from Antigo to Green Bay and is in one of the most developed areas of south- ern Langlade County. The farms are well establish- ed, many being homesteads of pioneer days. For years Sugar Bush was nothing but a desolate wilderness unmarred by homestead seeker, hunter, or prospector. Only the trail of the Indian, running from the Keshena country, was evidence of habitat by man. Not until almost a half century ago (43 years) did the first brave pioneers penetrate the region. John McCandless and Henry McCandless driving a span of horses on a rough tote road from Menasha, settled in this district in 1879. Their journey took four days and many times the heavy cart, that carried their worldy belongings, was mired in the swamps. August Boettcher came from Stevensville and Peter Tatro, who came from Menasha settled in 1879. Horace Beard came from Neenah the same year. The Beard family came to the district with a yoke of oxen and the jour- ney was long and tedious and would have proven dis- couraging to the ordinary folk. Other pioneers trekked in until the district became a settlement of log cabins with their picturesque "scooped roofs." Henry Mit- chell, prominent Milltown mill owner, Frank Thomp- son, Harry McCandless, B. Chandler, Charles Tecka- line, Ernest Abel, S. Schufeldt, Joseph and W. H. Smith, Henry Boettcher, Gustav Boettcher, Eli St. Peter and O. St. Peter, were later, but early settlers, Henry Heim, George Hooker, and Peter Peterson, also came to the district early. The first school was conducted in the log cabin built by John McCandless. The Tatro children, the Boett- cher children and the McCandless children attended the first session in 1879. Mary St. Louis was the first teacher. Other early teachers were: Mary Pur- dey, Hattie Thompson, Cora Sackett, Lucy Bliss and Frank Churchouse. Charles, Edward, Bessie and Mamie McCandless, David, Harry, Mable Thompson, Alvin, David and Walter Clifford, the Tatro children, Gustav and Matilda Boettcher were also pupils in this pioneer backwoods school. A year after the first school was commenced a per- manent log school was erected. This was used until 1898, when a frame building was erected. It is still used. The school is located on section 5. Henry McCandless, Gust Schmeige and Ernest Able were the building committee members in charge of building the frame school. They were appointed February 26, 1894. An acre of land was purchased from E. D. Stewart for school purposes. The old log school was purchased from the district by 0. Beard for $12.00. Early school board officers were : John and Henry McCandless, Henry Mitchell, Peter Tatro, Henry Heim, H. Beard, and E. D. Stewart. The 1922-23 school officials were: W. H. Smith, Clerk; Stephen Palmer, Treasurer and Arley Gilmore, Director. The 1921-22 teacher was Sophia Augustine. The 1922-23 teacher was Mrs. Dan Hale. In the early days school was held in July and August, November, December and January. The first cheese factory was built by John Keske. Ed. Tomae ran it for a while until it was purchased by Fred Buss, present owner. Early teachers — 1896 to 1922 — were : Minnie Hessel, Emlie Trettein, Jennie McGregor, Blanche Killkelly, Jessie Weeks, Myrtle Merrill, Anna Quinlan, Harriet Holley, Maud Morson, Margaret Healy, Esther Polar, HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 225 Louise Farnham, M. Keelan, May Guenthner, Alma Stromberg, Agnes Walters, Margaret Follstad, Nora Wirig, Lillie Winters, and Helen Belsky. The average enrollment in Sugar Bush school is sixty pupils. In October, 1903, Carl Griswold built an addition to the school. DISTRICT NO. 6. MAYKING DISTRICT. Mayking is situated in the northeastern part of Norwood township and is one of the oldest established districts in the county. The first settlers came to this region in 1878 and 1879. No railroads went north of Clintonville then, so it was necessary to walk over a rough trail, through swamps and dense forests to this part of Langlade County. Some of the hardy pioneers were able to make this long trip in a day. J. Morehouse, Fred Shank, Emil Shank, William Shank, Charles Price, Fred Nonnemacher, Lewis Rob- inson, Fred Robinson, Wallace Robinson, Frank Koch, Norman Koch, and Louis Tatro and their families, all were early settlers, coming between 1878 and 1885. Other early settlers, who arrived later, were : Frank Schisel, Wolfgang Schisel, John and Jaque Price, Frank Price, and William Nonnemacher. Morehouse was the first settler. He was a blacksmith by trade. The first school house was a log structure erected in 1880 on section 2. It was used until 1890, when a frame school was built. The frame school is located on section 2 and is still used. The first saw mill in the district was erected by James Kennedy and John Zehner in section 13. After operating from 1882 to 1893, they sold to Chris and Henry Wunderlich, in 1893. The Wunderlich broth- ers moved the mill in 1907. George Wunderlich operated a saw mill on section 3 from 1917 to 1919 and then it was moved to Forest County. While Henry and Chris Wunderlich operated their mill a post office was established and a thriving com- munity developed. It was called Mayking. When the mill disbanded the post office was discontinued. Mayking has had two cheese factories. The first was on section 12 and run by Henry Kletz and the second now is operated by Martin Parsons. The first factory burned in 1920. Mayking is well settled, has progressive farmers and fine farm houses. The school was in charge of Helen Elsholtz in 1922-23. The 1922-23 officers were : William Shank, Harry Kraeger, James McGraff, Treas- urer, Clerk, and Director, respectively. MAYKING GRANGE. Mayking Grange, No. 597, was organized by State Organizer John Wilde at the Mayking school Decem- ber 3, 1912. The first officers were: Master — Nor- man Koch; Overseer — Jake Price; Lecturer — Mrs. Nor- man Koch; Steward — William Smith; Assistant Ste- ward — Frank Price; Lady Assistant Steward — Mrs. Emil Shanks; Chaplain — Mrs. Wm. Nonnemacher; Gatekeeper — Leonard Koch; Treasurer — Emil Shanks. The first records show no representative to Pomona Grange and the chairs of Ceres and Flora were not fill- ed. The Mayking Grange is very active and has at this writing a membership of one hundred. Mayking Hall was constructed in 1914 and the material and labor on the same was donated by the membership. Regular meetings are held the second and fourth Tuesdays. Present officers are : Master — John Price ; Overseer — Stephen Palmer; Lecturer — Mrs. Shelby Robinson; Steward — Jos. Minch; Assistant Steward — Paul Franckowiak; Lady Assistant Steward — Hazel Minch; Chaplain — Wolfgang Schisel ; Gatekeeper — Elmer Graves; Treasurer— Jake Price; Secretary — James Beckingham, Jr.; Ceres — Lily Robinson; Pomona — Mrs. James Beckingham; Flora — Besse Robinson. 226 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XLIV. Peck Township No. 32 N., R. 10 E. Location — Boundaries — Drainage — Topography — Organization — First Township Election — Original Road Districts — Survey of 1860 — Township Officials 1891-1923 — Ormsby — Badger — Friebel — Blue Bell — Rose Dale — Joint Districts — Early Settlers in Districts. Peck Township No. 32, Range 10 East, named in honor of George W. Peck, Governor of Wisconsin from January 5, 1891 to January 7, 1895, lies in the west cen- tral part of the county. It is bounded on the north by Upham township, on the west by Vilas township, on the south by East Ackley township and on the east by Neva township. It embraces an area of 23,840 acres or thirty-six square miles. The northwest, central and southern portions of the township are drained by the west branch of the Eau Claire river, flowing through sections 5, 6, 8. 15, 16, 17, 22, 27, 29 and 33. The east branch of the Eau Claire river runs through sec- tions 25, 35 and 36. Clear Water Creek in the north- eastern part and Sucker Creek in the northwest part, drain those sections into the Eau Claire river. The central and southern sections of the township are level and flat, but the northeastern part is somewhat un- dulating. Peck was surveyed September 14, 1860 to September 20, 1860, by H. C. Fellows, U. S. Deputy Surveyor. Peck township is a vast stretch of Merrimac Silt Loam, covering all of the township with the exception of those sections or fraction sections in which Peat or Muck are found. Peat is not very extensive, but more so than Muck, found along the banks of the east and west branches of the Eau Claire river. Peat is found in the NE part of section 3, a strip runs through the eastern part of sections 4 and 9, also sections 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 17 and 36. ORGANIZATION. The territory comprising Peck township was once under the rule of Lincoln County. Later a part of Ack- ley township, and then Vilas township it was detached from the last named, January 28, 1891, by a resolu- tion adopted by the Langlade County board. The petition praying for the organization of Peck from Vilas township was sent from Morley, Peck town- ship village, to the county solons, January 6, 1891. It was signed by Z. Space, J. S. Bedah, Nathan Fryer, Thomas Stinson, Carl Yopes, George Hotchkiss, G. N. Tinney, Charles Stinson, Herman Iven, Fred Balch, Abe Bovee, Win Nelson, R. Hampton, J. Harris, Wm. Frick, Jonathon H. Reader, George Fenton, G. F. Walch, Jesse Tinney, Mike Churney, C. H. Harder, Wm. Reader, W. J. Hampton, John Nelson, John Wol- ter, Moritz Friebel, J. H. Reader, Peter G. Beck, W. R. Anason, H. Fryer, Thomas K. Johnson, D. C. Forrest, Carl F"riebel, W. Hampton, and August Wolfgram. John Nelson and Henry Strauss, members of the Committee on Town Organization of the County Board recommended the organization of Peck township, upon which the county representatives acted favorably. V. P. Rath, George H. .Tones and A. McMillan were se- lected to make a settlement between Vilas and the new township. The writ sent to the board by citizens opposed to organization was denied by the Town Or- ganization Committee. FIRST ELECTION INSPECTORS. The first election inspectors were appointed by the County Board. They were: John S. Wilson, Moritz Friebel and Peter G. Beck. The first election was held at the school house in District No. 2, * of the new township. FIRST TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. Thirty-four votes were cast at the first Peck township election, April 7, 1891. Peter G. Beck was elected first township chairman. Other officers were: Super- visors — G. F. Walch, Sidna Boda; Clerk — W. R. Ma- son; Treasurer — Moritz Friebel; Assessor — Herman Iven; Justices — Z. Space, T. Stinson (2 years) and C. H. Harder (1 year) ; Constables — John Nelson and W. Fick. FIRST ROAD DISTRICTS. Peck township was divided into four road districts April 14, 1891. Thomas Stinson, Z. Space, Carl Frie- bel and Carl Yopes were the first Overseers of Dis- trists No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The first road constructed in this township was au- thorized May 4, 1879, upon petition of six homestead- ers. It commenced at the southwest corner of section 31 ; thence north to the southwest corner of section 19; thence east to the northeast corner of section 19; thence south to the southeast corner of section 31. The hearing on the proposed road was held at the resi- dence of Joseph Parfitt. The next early road estab- lished was in the spring of 1882. It started at the SE corner of section 19, Township 32, Range 10 E., and ran east on the section line to the Lincoln County bound- ary. Five other highways were laid out in Peck town- ship between 1879 and 1885, the last in August, 1884. Early roads were constructed at a cost of sixty to sev- enty-five cents per rod. Others were as high as $1.25 per rod, while some went still higher depending upon the region through which they were cut. * County Board designated District No. 3 School as voting place, but Township oflicials changed location, April 6, 1891. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 227 OFFICERS OF PECK TOWNSHIP FROM 1891-1923. CHAIRMEN. Peter G. Beck— 1891-93; William Reader— 1893-94 ; Peter G. Beck— 1894-96; William Reader— 1896-1900; Warren Holt (appointed)— 1900-01 ; Moritz Friebel— 1901-02; John Wegner— 1902-03 ; Willard Lloyd— 1903-06; N. Shanks— 1906-09 ; Charles Motts— 1909- 11; George Bishop— 1911-12; Frank M. McKinney— 1912-13; Torsten Johnson— 1913-14; George Bishop— 1914-15; William H. Wegner— 1915-23. CLERKS. W. R. Mason— 1891-95; G. F. Walch— 1895-96; Phil Fryer— 1896-1910; August Lansing— 1910-16; J. K. Walker— 1916-17; August Lensing— 1917-18; J. P. Cleary— 1918-21; J. F. McKinney— 1921-23. SUPERVISORS. G. F. Walch, Sidna Boda— 1891-92; G. F. Walch, Jonathan Reader— 1892-93; Carl Friebel, William Fick —1893-95; Robert Lyon, E. H. Weatherholt— 1895- 96; E. H. Weatherholt, Jessey Tinney— 1896-98; Wil- liam Fick, George Hotchkiss— 1898-99; William Fick, John Wegner— 1899-01 ; Jas. Nelson, Albert Harder— 1901-02; Willard Lloyd, Joseph Helmbrecht— 1902-03; William Fick, Joseph Helmbrecht— 1903-04; Jos. Helmbrecht, Louis Heimler — 1904-06; William Fick, Peter Greenland— 1906-08 ; W. J. Drummond, L. Strum —1908-09; Jos. Helmbrecht— 1909-10; T. Johnson, Jos. Helmbrecht— 1910-12; T. Johnson, L. Strum— 1912-13; James Park, L. Strum — 1913-14; James Parks, William H. Wegner — 1914-15; George Parks, John Strandberg —1915-16; Edward Fick, Ludwig Strum— 1916-18; James Keyes, Ludwig Strum — 1918-19; Ludwig Strum, Frank Leidheisl— 1919-23. TREASURERS. Moritz Friebel— 1891-98; Jonathan Reader— 1898- 05; Moritz Friebel— 1905-15; George Friebel— 1915- 16; Alex Henry— 1916-17; George Friebel— 1917-18; August Lensing— 1918-23. ASSESSORS. Herman Ivan- 1891-93; C. H. Hoeder— 1893-94; Nelson Shanks— 1894-01 ; Orvis Vaughn— 1901-02; Nelson Shanks— 1902-03; H. W. James— 1903-05 ; Nel- son Shanks— 1905-06; W. J. Diamond— 1906-07; John Wegner— 1907-09; Nelson Shanks— 1909-10; Jerry Tenny— 1910-11; Frank M. McKinney— 1911-12; Chas. Shanks— 1912-20; Chas. Leidheisl— 1920-23. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Herman Harder — 1891-92; Z. Space, Thomas Stin- son— 1892-93; Herman Ivan, C. H. Harder— 1892-94; Z. Space, Thos. Stinson — 1894 (appointed) ; Herman Iven, Jonathan Reader— 1894-96; B. F. Walch, Thos. Stinson— 1894-95; John Maltby, Phil. Fryer— 1895-97; Thos. Johnson, Moritz Friebel— 1895-96; Thos. Stin- son, Chas. Klock— 1896-98; J. H. Lensing, G. F. Walch —1896-97; G. F. Walch, P. G. Brick— 1897-99; John Tinney, E. H. Weatherholt— 1897-98 ; E. H. Weather- holt, Albert Harder— 1898-1900; R. Space, D. Lensing —1898-99; R. Space, E. H. Weatherholt— 1899-01 ; Jas. Shopbell— 1899-1900; Albert Harder— 1900-02; R. Space, O. Vaughn, E. H. Weatherholt— 1900-01 ; E. H. Weatherholt, L. Heimler — 1901-03; Jessey James, Chas. Byers— 1901-02; Geo. Graves, Jno. Yopes— 1902- 04; S. Bishop, R. Space— 1902-03; E. H. James, W. Holt— 1903-05; N. Shanks— 1903-04; Ed. Hawley, Jno. Yopes— 1904-06; E. H. Yopes, Peter Olsen, W. J. Dia- mond— 1906-07; Ed. Hawley, W. J. Diamond, Chas. Bloedel— 1907-08 ; W. J. Diamond, Jno. Yopes, G. F. Walch— 1908-09; Alex Henry, G. F. Walch— 1909-11; Alex Henry, Geo. Friebel, J. Tenney, G. F. Walch — 1911-12; Chas. Yopes, Olaf Anderson— 1912-13; Olaf Anderson, J. H. Lensing — 1913-14; F. M. McKinney — 1914-15; John Wegner, Olaf Anderson— 1915-16; Olaf Anderson, Frank W. McKinney — 1916-17; John Weg- ner, Frank M. McKinney, 1917-18; Alex Henry, Frank M. McKinney— 1918-19; E. C. Thomae— 1919-20 ; Alex Henry, Wm. Veterna— 1920-21 ; August Koch— 1921- 23; H. Moschewske— 1922-23. CONSTABLES. Nelson Shanks, J. Tinney, George Fenton, Michael Churney, John Yopes, Phillip Fryer, John Wegner, Jerry Tracy, Walter James, J. De Moss, J. Tenney, Herman Harder, Thos. Stinson, Leon Mary, George Englebert, John Koenig, W. Berdan, W. Fick, D. Lan- sing, Henry Lensing, August Koch, J. H. Lansing, Thomas Murray, Charles Yopes, Geo. Hotchkiss, David Kelly, Frank McKinney, Jr., Jos. Helmbrecht, Martin Helmbrecht, Edward Fick, George Friebel, Fred Fick, Wm. Veterna, Andrew Berg, B. C. Good- man, Joseph Miner. DISTRICT NO. 1. BADGER DISTRICT. One month after the first election in Peck township the entire township was di- vided into four school districts. District No. 1, creat- ed May 8, 1891, originally consisted of all of sections 1 to 8 inclusive, and the north half of sections 9, 10, 11 and 12, Township 32, Range 10 East. By redistrict- ing, establishment of joint districts with other township sections the district has been gradually growing small- er, until now it consists of sections 4, 7, 8, 9, 17, 18, the N ^2 of sections 19, 20 and the W V2 of section 16 or eight sections. The Badger district, situated in the northwestern part of the township comprises an area of 5,120 acres. The last territorial change in the district was made in 1914. Before the arrival of the first white settler in Badger district Indians used the primitive region as a hunt- ing and camping ground. Their trails crossed each other in various parts of the wilderness. Hunting the bear, the fleet deer, monarch of the north forest, the lynx, wildcat, wolf or wild fowl was their chief oc- cupation. The adjacent streams afforded fishing for the impulsive red tribes. But just as the Indian was pushed westward from that moment when the Pilgrims first trod the soil of Massachusetts on that memorable 228 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. December 21, 1620, so too his unchallenged reign of this county saw its ending when the first settlers ar- rived in 1876. They came from New London, Wau- sau, Merrill and other adjacent cities. Z. Space and P. Fryer, prominent in early Peck township activities, were the first settlers. They were followed by Jos. Parfitt, Peter G. Beck and E. Whitney, who came in 1879. Oxen teams were used and the journey to the dis- trict, unmarred by the hand of white men, took many days. The roads were poor, swamps were crossed and Indian trails were followed. Tenacity, courage and persistency were typical characteristics of these first settlers and the majority who followed. Like General Grant, they "did not turn back," but faithfully forged ahead. Cabins were erected in the wilderness. Journeys for provisions were made with the slow oxen to Wau- sau, the village of Antigo or to Merrill. Most of the longer trips were made in the winter and the supplies for many months were thus brought to the pioneers. The first school in this district was erected in 1886 on section 20. Here the children of the early home- seekers acquired the foundation for their future educa- tion. The first school term was six months. As in most districts the salary averaged $25.00. The log school of pioneer days was called the Beck school in honor of P. G. Beck, first Peck township Chairman. In 1908, a frame school was erected on the south- west corner of section 17, near the M. E. church. It is a splendid school building, well equipped and a credit to the progressive district. The 1921-22 teacher was Miss Howe. Many of the children in the district at- tended schools in other districts before the erection of the present school, called "The Badger." The first silo was erected by 0. Anderson in 1920. The district is actively interested in community fairs and grange leadership. The first Langlade County township fair was held in the fall of 1914 at the Badger school. FOREST GRANGE NO. 615. Forest Grange No. 615, Patrons of Husbandry, was organized at the Badger school February 18, 1914. Meetings are still held the second and fourth Wed- nesdays of each month at the school. The first offi- cers were: Master — J. K. Walker; Overseer — Olaf Anderson; Lecturer — Alex Henry; Steward — Arthur Berg; Assistant Steward — Wm. Walker; Chaplain — Mrs. Alex Henry; Treasurer — John Christenson; Secre- tary — J. P. Cleary; Gatekeeper — Lawrence Nelson; Ceres — Eleanora Greenland; Pomona — Mrs. Jenny Greenland; Flora — Amelia Engeles; Lady Assistant Steward — Rose Christenson. Present officers are: Master — Harvey McKinney; Overseer — Mrs. J. W. Walker; Lecturer — Alex Henry; Steward — Carl Strum; Assistant Steward — Harold Mosherosh; Chaplain — Mrs. Harriet Henry; Treasur- er — Mrs. John Christenson; Secretary — John K. Walk- er; Gatekeeper — Emery McKinney; Ceres — Lina Fischer; Pomona — Gladys Lloyd; Flora — Blanche Holmes; Lady Assistant Steward — Alice Walker; Highest membership was attained in 1916 when sev- enty members were on the roll. It is now about sixty strong. The M. E. Church, a frame building, and an acre cemetery are located in the SW I4 of the SW I4 of section 17. District No. 1 has splendid promises for future de- velopment in agriculture, roads, community service and general public advancement. Section No. 1 of Peck Township is a part of Joint District No. 1 of Neva, and is found under Neva town- ship. Sections 5 and 6 are found under the Upham township subdivision. Joint District No. 2 of Upham and Peck. DISTRICT NO. 3. FRIEBEL DISTRICT. This is one of the oldest districts in Langlade County, being organized when this territory was a part of Lincoln County, long before it was organized as Ackley township, in 1876. The first settlers in this district trekked from Wausau, Green Leaf, Merrill, the state of Virginia and else- where. Roads were few in this territory before the '80's and for a long time after. A tote road ran from Merrill to Neva township territory near the Eau Claire river. This old road, barely passable, was used by some of the first settlers who homesteaded in this district. Pioneer settlers were : Herman Harder, J. Tinney, Moritz Friebel, after whom the school was named, the Jetsoms, Jane De Moss, Wm. Fick. Later settlers were : Martin Helmbrecht, M. Churney, the Pillar family, H. Ivan and Mose Hawley. Following still later came John Wegner, Will H. Wegner, the Leidheisl family, the Kauschinger's, Pet- ersons, and Stranbergs. The first school, log cabin of the back woods type of frontier days, was erected on the banks of the Eau Claire river, section 27. It was used for a number of years when another school was erected just a short distance away on section 22. The present school, lo- cated on the east banks of the Eau Claire river, section 27, is a frame structure, erected in 1894. It is well equipped and cared for. An addition was placed on the school to accommodate the recent increased enroll- ment. Miss Jetson of Ormsby taught the first school. The 1922-23 teacher was Clara Wagner. John Tinney, Herman Harder and Moritz Friebel were the first school officials (long before present dis- trict was organized). The first officers of the dis- trict under Peck township were: C. H. Harder, Clerk; Moritz Friebel, Treasurer; H. Ivan, Director, elected in 1891. The 1922-23 school offiicers were : Herman Fredrick, Clerk; Bert Goodman, Director; and W. H. Wegner, Treasurer. The first frame house was erected on section 22, and is now owned by William H. Wegner, present Town- ship Chairman. This frame dwelling was followed by others and now most of the settlers have supplanted the log cabin with the modern farm home. In 1895 W. J. Mattek erected a store on section 22. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 229 It was later owned by Edward Hawley who was asso- ciated with William H. Wegner. Improvements were made and the business flourished. It was later re- placed by a cheese factory ( 1917) operated first by Ed- ward Thomae. The latter was purchased by H. Ehl- man of Birnamwood, who sold to Emil Bartz in May, 1922. Among other industries of pioneer days was a lath mill erected on section 22 by H. C. Humphrey. It operated only a short time when a destructive forest fire ignited and burned it down. The Eau Claire river (west branch) runs through sections 22, 27 and 28 in District No. 3. Most of the roads are well maintained, the settlers are engaged in scientific farming, telephones are be- coming more numerous, pure bred stock, better dairy- ing methods, community social gatherings, and con- stant touch with Antigo, county seat, makes this a dis- trict of high standing. It is now a marked contrast to that time in 1880 when boats were used to go down the Eau Claire river to Wausau and then oared upstream with a load of sup- plies; or to that period when the oxen waited outside of the log cabin while the early settler took orders from his distant neighbors for flour and foodstuffs which he planned to return to them from Wausau or Merrill. Little trading was done at Antigo then. This district consisted of sections 13, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 36, when organized May 8. 1891. It has experienced changes many times since. Its ter- ritory now includes sections 12, 13, 14, 22, 23, 24, and the east Vg of section 28, the west Yz of section 27, the SE 14 of section 21, the NE 14 of section 27 and the north halves of sections 25 and 26. Its area comprises 5,440 acres. RIVERSIDE GRANGE NO. 620. Langlade County leads in grange activities. Im- portant in the granges is the Riverside Grange No. 620 organized at the Friebel school with 44 charter members by John Wilde, State Organizer, February 22, 1914. The first officers were : Master, William H. Wegner; Overseer, Joseph Helmbrecht, Sr. ; Ste- ward, Louis Lensing; Assistant Steward, Charles Leidheisl; Secretary, August Lensing; Treasurer, Se- bastian Leidheisl; Lecturer, Helen Friebel; Chaplain, Sara Lensing; Gatekeeper, Fred Fick; Ceres, Mrs. William H. Wegner; Pomona, Mrs. Jos. Kauschinger; Flora, Katherine Helmbrecht; Lady Assistant Steward, Esther Wegner. One meeting each month is conducted during the winter, while sessions are conducted every second and fourth Saturday during the summer and fall. 1922 officers were: Master, August Lensing; Overseer, Joseph Miner; Steward, Amos Wagner; Secretary, William H. Wegner; Treasurer, Sebastian Leidheisl; Chaplain, Mrs. Joseph Kauschinger; Lecturer, Leona Kauschinger; Ceres, Marie Kauschinger; Pomona, Leona Helmbrecht; Flora, Verna Wegner; Gatekeep- er, Louis Heimler; Assistant Steward, Joseph Kausch- inger; Lady Assistant Steward, Gertrude Helmbrecht. This organization is a potential force in community leadership. DISTRICT NO. 4. BLUE BELL DISTRICT. In the southwestern part of Peck township is an area of land consisting of six and one-half sections or 4,160 acres of land known as district No. 4 or the Blue Bell school district. It was first settled in 1877 by homesteaders. Among these early settlers were George Hotchkiss, Riley Mason, Mary Maltby, the Curtiss family, Wm. James, C. F. Balch, Mrs. Henry, Fadalia McCumber, the Johnston family, and the Fryer family. Then this was a vast territory, stretching north to the Michigan-Wisconsin boundary line and was a part of Lincoln County. All of the northern Wisconsin counties were very large in that period following the close of the Civil War. The pioneer settlers were constantly facing crisis', almost unbearable burdens and hardships. Their homes were roughly constructed cabins. Two rooms in a farm home was considered very progressive for the period. The first school was erected on section 31 on the old Maltby homestead location. It was used until 1883 when another building for school purposes was erected on the Yopes farm property, section 31. This school was used until 1891 when it was moved to sec- tion 32 where it now is used as the farm home of one of the settlers. In 1909 a modern school was erected by J. P. Cleary on the northwest quarter of section 32. It cost $1,000. On the McCumber old homestead, a general store and post office were operated for a number of years as Morley post office. It was then moved to the pres- ent site of Morley. W. J. Morley, Oshkosh lumber- man, was the proprietor of the store. The old build- ing still stands. Average attendance at the Blue Bell school is forty- three pupils. Mrs. Johnson (formerly a Miss Prosser) was an early teacher. Miss R. Singer was the first teacher in the new school. The 1921-22 teacher was Bessie Augustyn. Members of the 1922-23 school board were: J. P. Cleary, Director; Mrs. John Zirkel, Treasurer, and Ludwig Strum, Clerk. District No. 4 was organized as a joint district May 8, 1891. It consisted of sections 1 and 2 of Township 31, Range 9 East, sections 4, 5 and 6, Township 31, Range 10 East, and the south one-half of the north west quarter of section 30 and all of section 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, Township 32, Range 10 East (Peck). Peter G. Beck, G. F. Walch, and Sidna Boda were the township supervisors of Peck and Charles Nelson, W. L. Ackley and James Siota were the Ackley township supervisors who sanctioned the organization of this district. New settlers are still coming into this district. The chief occupation is agriculture. Antigo is the princi- pal trading center. The first district school officers elected were : Jona- than Reader, Clerk; Carl Yopes, Treasurer, and G. F. Walch, Director. They were elected in 1891. 230 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. August 17, 1892, the school term was designated at six months. The old blue school house of district No. 4 of Vilas was moved to Peck township, having been purchased by the people of this district. Their children heretofore had attended that school, but it was too far for them to walk every day. On September 17, 1906, this district ceased to be a joint unit with Ackley and became a complete Peck district. July, 1908, it was decided to erect a new school on the northwest corner of section 32. JOINT DISTRICT NO. 5. ROSEDALE DISTRICT. On July 30, 1906, this district was organized as a distinct school unit, includ- ing territory of both Ackley and Peck townships. That part of Peck included in this district consisted of the south half of sections 25, 26, the southeast quarter of section 27, the southeast quarter of section 33, sec- tions 34, 35 and 36. East Ackley territory in the dis- trict included the north ^2 of section 1, all of sections 2, 3, 4 and 5. Nelson Shanks, P. Greenland and William Fick were then supervisors of Peck township and Charles Nelson, F. G. Kennedy and R. Yonkee were representing Ackley township. No changes have been made in the district with the exception of the southeast quarter of section 25 and the northeast quarter of section 36 of Township 32, Range 10. This territory was added to Joint District No. 3, Neva and Peck townships, August 24, 1914. This territory was originally a part of districts 3 and 4 as created May 8, 1891. When district No. 5, Joint, was organized the territory was taken from Dis- trict No. 3 of Ackley and District No. 4 of Peck. Mi- chael Kennedy and John Hafner represented the Ack- ley school and Willard Lloyd and H. W. James rep- resented the Peck school at the negotiations. Before the district was organized the children at- tended the Friebel and Longfellow schools. The first school board in this district consisted of James Shopbell, H. J. Richey and W. J. Diamond, Di- rector, Treasurer and Clerk respectively. James A. Barker, A. L. Hayner and T. Johnson were Clerk, Trea- surer and Director in 1921-22. The first school in this district was an old store building which was used until 1906 when a modern school was erected at a cost of approximately $1,600. In 1906 $375 was set aside as "teacher's yearly sal- ary" for the ensuing year. Early teachers were: Nellie Kevan, Josephine Cook, Agnes Singer and Nannie Ma- loney. The 1921-22 teacher was Miss Sylvia Chadek. The land used for school purposes is one acre leas- ed from H. Fosterling. Early settlers in this district were H. J. Richey, Vo- hun Yonkee, R. Yonkee, H. Fosterling, Goettlib Walch, William Klaves, W. J. Diamond, James Shopbell, and others. In this district was once an extensive prairie where a Chippewa Indian settlement was located. This is within the memory of white settlers who established in the township in pioneer days. The Indians hunted and fished nearby. They left proof of their existence by burial mounds, utensils and arrow heads which are frequently found. Ray Walch and A. L. Hayner, settlers in this dis- trict, were selected as members of the original Lang- lade County Board of Education in 1915. The district has annual exhibits at the school. They are educational and instructive. A M. E. church is established in Rosedale. The Eau Claire river (east branch) runs through the district. The district is principally an agricultural one. All farmers are progressive, have excellent farm buildings and excellent soil, all of which speaks well for the future. DISTRICT NO. 6. ORMSBY DISTRICT. This district comprises a small area of land situated in the north central part of Peck township. The first settlers were Orvis Vaughn, Barney Brennan, Wm. Ormsby and R. C. Brown. Mr. Ormsby, after whom the post office was named, came to this district from Milwaukee. Asso- ciated in his work with him was R. C. Brown of Osh- kosh. They formed the Northern Woodland Company and in 1900 erected a sawmill on section 16. The mill v/as used until it burned in 1912. This original com- pany, by reorganization, became the Union Lime Com- pany and then the Ormsby Land & Timber Company. E. P. Hoeft, Ormsby, is the resident manager of the concern. H. R. Swanke of Tigerton, Wis., in his as- sociate. The first school was erected in 1906 and G. Deir- lein was the first teacher. Other early teachers were Martha Petrofsky and Blanche Nelson. The last teacher was Stella Jacobus, school having been dis- continued since 1920. The frame school, section 16, was built in 1906. Present industries at Ormsby are the general store, hotel and blacksmith shop of the Ormsby Land 8f Timber Company. The first postmaster was Henry C. Eickert, also the first store manager for Mr. Orms- by. E. P. Hoeft was the last postmaster. The Ormsby Land & Timber Company has four hundred acres of good land under cultivation in this district. The track from Kempster was laid to Ormsby in 1900. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 231 CHAPTER XLV. Polar Township No. 31 N., R. 12 E. Survey of 1857— Area— Drainage— Surface— H. B. Polar, Indian Trader— Territorial Changes of Polar— Early Roads— Officials of Polar, 1881-1923— Schuman— Highland— Franklin —Edison — Lincoln — Clark — First Store in Polar — Industries — Post Office — Sylvan Lake. Polar township lies immediately east of Antigo in congressional township 31 North of Range 12 East. It is bounded on the north by Price township, on the east by Evergreen township, on the south by Norwood town- ship and the Menominee Indian Reservation and on the west by Antigo township. The township survey was started November 21, 1857, and was completed December 1, 1857. James McBride was the surveyor. The surface of Polar is undulating and hilly. Deep ravines, valleys, highlands and plateaus, all exist, and are very fertile. Originally the entire area was cov- ered with a growth of heavy forest products, consist- ing of white pine, hemlock, oak, maple, elm, basswood and a dense undergrowth of small vegetation. All has yielded to the woodman's axe with the exception of some native groves that still stand. The only occupants of this unimpenetrated forest were the wild animals, and Indians whose trails crossed each other. Today Polar has a splendid net work of high- ways, and excellently improved farms which produce luxuriant crops of all agricultural products adapted to a temperate climate. Herds of pure bred cattle, fine dairy farms, sheep and hogs, poultry, well constructed silos, modern lighting systems, telephones — all these have taken the place of the timber and brush line. ONE OF SIX ORIGINAL TOWNSHIPS. Polar was named after Hi. B. Polar, English pros- pector, Indian trader and Stopping Place proprietor of the Wolf river country. It was one of the six original Langlade County townships of 1881. When organiz- ed it consisted of all that territory embracing the pres- ent township of Polar, Price, Ainsworth, a part of Nashville township, Forest county and a part of Wa- beno township. Forest county, in the following govern- ment civil divisions: Townships 31, 32 and 33 North of Range 12 East and townships 34 of Ranges 12, 13 and 14 East. The first township meeting was held at the log farm home of Moritz Mueller, section 16, town- ship 31, Range 12 East. James Schufelt was elected the first township Chairman. Herman Schmeisser and Chester Starks were the first Supervisors of Polar town- ship. EARLY ROADS. The first road application to be acted upon in Polar was a petition of settlers who wanted a township line road built between townships 30 and 31 of Range 12 East. The petition was sent to the Polar town board July 1, 1881. Other early roads were: Commencing at the southwest corner of section 31, Township 31, Range 12 East and running north on the range line to the quarter post of the west side of section 30, Town- ship 32, Range 12 East. Another early road was the one built along the section line of sections 21 and 28 of township 31, Range 12 East. The road running be- tween sections 31 and 32, 30 and 29, 19 and 20 was constructed in the fall of 1881. The application for this road was made August 23, 1881. The Antigo- Polar road was authorized in 1881. Early highway overseers were : Horace Dudley, Bur- nam Dudley, Valentine P. Rath, August Hanke, Robert Sprang, William Flemming, Charles Lade, and Wm. Kieper. TERRITORIAL CHANGES. Before the organization of Langlade County Polar belonged to Langlade township, Oconto County, a vast wilderness embracing 44 and a third townships, stretch- ing north to the Michigan-Wisconsin boundary. Its original area after the organization of Langlade County was 216 square miles, or six congressional townships. We will now see how it was cut down to its present area. On December 13, 1883, townships 32, 33, 34 of Ranges 13 and 14 East were detached from Polar and formed into a new township called Price. Polar has since been one congressional township. No. 31, North of Range 12 East. POLAR TOWN HOUSE. The Polar township hall is located on Highway No. 64 in the NE I4 of the NE 1/4 of section 20. It is a frame building and was erected in 1882. OFFICERS OF POLAR TOWNSHIP— 1881-1923. CHAIRMEN. James Schufelt— 1881-82; Moritz Mueller— 1882-84; E. Radditz— 1884-85; William Malliet— 1885-88; J. W. Parsons— 1888-98; M. D. Besse— 1899-01 ; Edward Nordman— 1901-02; M. D. Besse— 1902-04 ; R. J. Mor- gan— 1904-05; Otto Utnehmer— 1905-06; W. W. Clark —1906-08; John S. Bowen— 1908-11; W. E. Jones— 1911-12; Julius Schuman— 1912-16; John S. Bowen— 1916-18; Herman Parsons— 1918-21; Otto Utnehmer— 1921-23. CLERKS. J. Kennedy— 1881-82; M. D. Besse— 1882-83; Clark Walrath— 1883-84; M. D. Besse— 1884-86; Edward Nordman— 1886-89; Moritz Mueller— 1889-07; J. W. Yaeger— 1907-08; Ed. Utnehmer— 1908-09; John Groth —1909-23. 232 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. TREASURERS. M. Mueller— 1881-82; W. Schmuhl— 1882-83 ; Wil- liam Schmuhl— 1883-91 ; Frank Kuehl— 1891-05; Louis Teske— 1905-08; William Hintz— 1908-19; R. A. Bloe- dorn— 1919-23. SUPERVISORS. E. Radditz. William Malliet— 1882-83; Herman Schmeisser, Chester Sparks— 1881-82; J. W. Parsons, V. Winner— 1883-84; Herman Schmeisser, Charles Soman — 1885-86; Julius Schuman, Charles Soman — 1886-87; Julius Schuman, William Sanders— 1888-89; Julius Schuman, E. Kieper— 1889-90; David Drew, Charles Soman— 1891-92; B. Dudley, Charles Parsons —1892-94; Chris Brandt, Fred Hoppe— 1894-96; Wil- liam Flamming, Wm. Mader— 1896-97; Wm. Flem- ming, H. Brandt— 1897-98; H. Brandt, William Schmuhl— 1899-1900; David Drew, Henry Brandt— 1900-01; Albert Hoppe, William Rusch— 1901-02; Wil- liam Rusch, Albert Hoppe— 1902-03; H. Bruening, Otto Utnehmer — 1903-05; Herman Bruening, Ernest Fischer— 1905-07; John Bowen, Herman Teske— 1907- 08; W. E. Jones, Ernest Kieper— 1908-09; W. E. Jones, Henry Brandt— 1909-11 ; Henry Brandt, William Rusch — 1911-12; Otto Hafeman, Herman Parsons — 1912-16; Louis L. Teske, Herman Bruening— 1916-17; Herman Bruening, Henry Borneman — 1917-18; Her- man Bruening, Herman Dallman — 1918-22; August Helmig, Herman Bruening — 1922-23. ASSESSORS. James Kennedy— 1884-85 ; J. W. Parsons— 1885-87; John Drew— 1888-89; James Ryan— 1889-90; E. Rad- ditz— 1891-95; Martin Robrecht— 1895-97; Julius Schu- man— 1897-98; George Landess— 1899-1900; Herman Bruening— 1900-02; Henry Brandt— 1902-03; Herman Teske— 1903-06; William Rusch— 1906-10; Otto Ut- nehmer— 1910-13; William Rabe— 1913-14; L. L. Teske— 1914-15; William Rusch— 1915-16; Otto Ut- nehmer— 1916-17; Otto Hafeman— 1917-21; Geo. Schultz— 1921-22; Otto Hafeman— 1922-23. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. F. 0. Simmons, F. Wedeman, J. Schufeldt— 1884-85; August Hintz, M. D. Besse— 1885-86; J. G. Drew— 1885-87; Wm. Peters, B. Dudley— 1886-87; F. 0. Sim- mons, M. D. Besse— 1888-90 ; Charles Ensler— 1888- 89; Edward Nordman, J. W. Parsons, James Ryan — 1889-90; J. Ryan, B. Dudley— 1891-93; J. M. Fischer — 1891-92; Edward Nordman, George Wanninger — 1893-95; W. P. Landess, J. Fischer— 1893-94; F. O. Simmons, Nels Mikelson — 1894-95; J. M. Fischer — 1894-95; Wm. Mader, E. Kieper— 1895-97 ; Henry Brandt — 1895-96; F. 0. Simmons, H. Schmeisser, R. Dickman, C. Ensle— 1896-97 ; Edward Nordman, J. Fischer— 1897-99; Wm. Mader— 1897-98; J. Fischer, C. Schuman — 1899-01; H. Borneman, Wm. Landess — 1899-1900; Herman Teske, F. Wiershke— 1900-01 ; R. J. Morgan, T. H. Carson, Wm. Landess, Fred Hoppe — 1901-02; M. D. Besse, J. M. Fischer— 1902-04; H. Bruening— 1902-03; William Flitcraft, A. F. Hintz, Fred Wierschke— 1903-04; H. Borneman, J. M. Fisch- er, M. D. Besse— 1904-05; Wm. Flitcraft, David Drew, Charles Lade, H. Brandt— 1905-06; Wm. Darrow, F. Osten, — Sacken, Herman Teske — 1906-07; Robt. Schmidt, J. M. Fischer, Fred Montour, F. Schultz — 1907-08; Robt. Schmidt, Herman Schmeisser, Sr., M. Powell, Louis Kirsch— 1908-09; L. D. Mader— 1909- 10; Robt. Schmidt, D. A. Mader, J. H. Baker— 1910-11 ; John S. Bowen, Robt. Schmidt, J. M. Fischer — 1911- 12; D. A. Mader, Robert Schmidt— 1912-14; Albert DeVore, Albert Hoppe— 1914-15; D. A. Mader, Henry Brandt— 1915-16; R. S. Schmidt, D. A. Mader— 1916- 17; R. S. Schmidt, Wm. Flitcraft— 1917-18; Herman Krueger, Henry Duescher — 1918-19; (No justices since 1919). CONSTABLES. Joseph Wilson, Fred Rabe, Charles A. Lade— 1884- 85; Charles Lade, Fred Rabe— 1885-86; Julius Schu- man, J. W. Parsons— 1886-87; Joseph Wilson, John Keechler, Wm. Peters— 1888-89; Wm. Kieper, David Drew — 1889-90; Charles Parsons, Wm. Flemming — 1891-92; C. Fischer. B. Dudley, W. P. Landess— 1892- 93; H. Brandt, Wm. Flemming— 1893-94; H. Brandt, W. C. Weeks, D. Montour— 1894-95 ; Gustav Martin Albert Hoppe, Charles Parsons, Jr. — 1895-96; Gus Kluwe, J. M. Fischer, Gus Brandt, Albert Hoppe— 1896-97; G. Kluwe, H. Kieper, J. Keechler— 1897-98 Charles Fischer, H. Bruening, Julius Jahnke — 1899-1900; Henry Brandt, R. Dickman— 1901-02; F. Utnehmer, H. E. Wade— 1902-03; J. Utnehmer, Henry Parsons — 1904-05; Wm. Darrow, Charles Harron — 1905-06; George Landess, Wm. Fischer— 1906-07; R. Dickman, 0. Johnson, Thos. Galligan — 1907-08; Charles Rusch, J. M. Fischer— 1908-09; Albert Beim- born— 1909-10; John Utnehmer, George Sloat— 1910- 11; Albert Beimborn, William Harp— 1911-12; Wil- liam Harp, George Sloat, Herman Teske — 1912-13; J. M. Fischer, Gus. Martin — 1913-14; Albert Beimborn, F. M. Jones — 1914-15; Louis Krueger, Gustave Kluwe — 1915-16; William Rusch, Wm. Mader, Gustave Hen- selman— 1916-17; J. M. Fischer— 1917-18; Henry Brandt, Henry Parsons — 1918-19; Henry Parsons — 1919-22; Henry Waite— 1922-23. DISTRICT NO. 1. SCHUMAN DISTRICT. The Schuman school dis- trict is located in the southern part of Polar township. The land was taken up by homesteaders in 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888 and later. Julius Schuman, William Kie- per, Charles Rabe, August Kieper, Charles Behm, W. W. Wheeler, and the Pickel family, were among the first settlers. The first school was located on section 18 in 1887. It was a log structure. This school was used until 1902 when a frame building was erected by William Rusch. Edward Nordman, Hattie Reader, Mr. Conan and Anna Tibbets, Frank Ringsmith, C. Koenig and Mrs. Rine were early teachers. Carolyn McCarthy was the 1922-23 teacher. The Franklin and Schuman districts were once one HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 233 district. The 1921-22 school officials were: Wm. Schuman, Clerk; Ed. Kolpack, Director and Henry Parsons, Treasurer. Much of the district is yet uninhabitated. DISTRICT NO. 3. FRANKLIN DISTRICT. This is one of the oldest districts in Langlade County, being settled in 1877 by William Schmul, Jr. He was an immigrant from New London, Waupaca county, and with him came a colony of twenty-eight, all of whom moved elsewhere. Among this first group was Fred Demlow and Fred Rabe, who, in 1878 returned to the Franklin district. These hardy folk were followed by other homestead- ers, including William Flemming, Sr., Valentine Weim- er, William Malliet, William Schmul, Sr., Herman Schmeisser, Sr., E. P. Bridgeman, Charles Parsons, Sr., Ernest Demlow, James Kennedy, Anton Nonnenmach- er, Martin Robrecht, M. D. Besse, Joseph Wilson, J. W. Parsons, August Hintz, Ernest Keiper, Charles Schuman, William Bottrell and August Hintz. The thrifty pioneers of this district were not long in clearing the wilderness and erecting comfortable homes for their families. Roads were few, however, nothing but crooked, winding trails existing. Early roads were constructed east and west on the section line of sections 30 and 31 and also sections 29 and 32, 28 and 33. Another pioneer road was constructed on the section line between sections 31 and 32 running north and another on the south line of sections 31 and 32 running east and west. Four years after the first settler came into Franklin district the first school house was erected on land leas- ed from E. P. Bridgeman. It was a quaint structure 16x18 feet and entirely constructed of logs. All the benches, desks and other furniture were home made. Alice Root, a southern Wisconsin lady, was the first teacher. The Polar schools were then under the town- ship system. Elfrieda Pautz was the 1922-23 term teacher. Increased population made a new school necessary and in 1883 a larger, more pretentious frame school house was erected. This school was operated under the township system until 1885. The district was or- ganized that year with William Schmuhl, Jr., William Malliet and Herman Schmiesser, Sr., as Treasurer, Clerk and Director respectively. Thus they were the first district school officers. The frame school was condemned in 1915 and the following June, C. F. Dallman, who was awarded the contract, began the construction of the present brick school. It was completed in October, 1916. Appro- priate dedicatory services were conducted in which Judge J. W. Parsons, W. E. Switzer, A. M. Arveson, and D. A. Mader participated. This was January 13, 1917. The 1922-23 school officers were : R. Kieper, Direc- tor; H. Parsons, Treasurer, and Martin H. Parsons as Clerk. A Lutheran church is located on the NW corner of the NW corner of section 33. It was erected in 1885. The following have been the Pastors : Rev. Stuben- fal, Rev. Snider, Rev. Michalus, Rev. Dachstine, Rev. Ebert and Rev. C. D. Griese. The district has rapidly forged to the fore as a dairy- ing and agricultural center with the dying out of the lumber and logging industry. A cheese factory was erected in 1901 by Herman Krueger. It was moved to section 31 in 1907. Krueger sold it in 1912 to J. C. Holmes. In 1913 the factory was re-built. John Haese purchased the plant in 1918. Robert Krueger operated a store in 1916 in the old Herman Krueger saloon building. In 1918 Herman Krueger took it over. Mr. Krueger also has a saw mill on section 31. He built it in 1913. The old log house of William Flemming is the last of the early land marks in this district. Many of the pioneer settlers are still living, however. Franklin district was named after Benjamin Frank- lin, the eminent American statesman, scientist, publish- er and writer. DISTRICT NO. 4. POLAR DISTRICT. In the year 1877, Moritz Muel- ler, an esteemed citizen of Shawano County, Wiscon- sin, came through eastern Langlade County, passed over the Indian trails in what is now Polar township and staked a homestead claim on section 16, township 31 North, Range 12 East, near a beautiful little lake, since named Mueller's Lake, in memory of his settle- ment near its shores. A year passed and this pioneer homsteader moved his family into the wilderness. With him came his father-in-law. Mr. Mueller erect- ed a provision camp, which developed into the first store in Polar. A post office was established and Mr. Mueller became the first postmaster. Following the Mueller's came other pioneer home- steaders. Among them was John Fischer, John W. Par- sons and family, Edward Nordman, Julius Yanke, Charles Greenburg, John Hose, Ernest Fischer, Her- man Butzland, Fred Simmons, Chris Brandt, Ernest Radditz, Robert Sprang, David Montour, and James and John Drew. There were other early settlers also. The first manufacturing institution in Polar village was erected in 1888 by the Webster Manufacturing Company of Menasha. It operated successfully under their ownership until 1898, when the T. D. Kellogg Lumber St Manufacturing Company purchased it. It has since been under their ownership and management. Thomas Kellogg, a grandson of T. D. Kellogg, who owned one of the first of Langlade County saw mills, has been Manager and Superintendent of the plant since 1910. The planing mill burned in 1918. It was never rebuilt. Polar village originally adopted the name "Mueller's Lake." It was known by this name for many years. After 1888 when the Webster Manufacturing Company erected their mills at the village it was re-named Syl- van Lake by Mrs. Weeks, who was then Postmistress. The mill pond was then a large body of water and the name applied directly to it. When the Webster Com- pany sold their interests the name reverted back to Mueller's Lake and was called such until the citizens voted to call it Polar, in honor of Hi. B. Polar, the In- 234 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. dian trader and prospector, after whom Polar township was named. The first Polar school was a log building erected in 1878. Before this school was held in Moritz Mueller's residence. The first pupils were Herman and Clara Mueller and Ed. S. Brooks was the first teacher. School was conducted for many years in the log school that once stood on the site of the present Polar school, section 15. Lucy Grignon and Tille Fergu- son were teachers in the log school house. Follow- ing the log school a frame school was erected. Aft- er many years service it was moved from its original site and became a church. Then a new frame school, one story, was erected. It was used in its original form until a second story was added on account of increased enrollment. The Polar graded school of today is well equipped. 1922- 23 teachers in the Polar graded schools are : Elizabeth Kleiber, Mrs. Emil Kramer and Mrs. Ed. Hose. The oldest building in Polar still stands. It was the residence of Ernest Radditz and was erected in 1881. A Sunday School was organized in Polar in 1880 by W. W. Wheeler and Mr. Masterson. Old frame structures still existing belong to William Bruen- ing, Carl Gruenberg, Robert Hitz and Otto Bruening. Robert Schmidt is the present postmaster. Business places in Polar village are : Gus Hensel- man store and restaurant, the T. D. Kellogg Lumber & Manufacturing mill, T. D. Kellogg Lumber & Manu- facting Company store, R. A. Bloedorn, soft drink par- lor, the Polar General Garage, Arnold Hoppe, prop., the Walter Trakel garage, a cheese factory, now ope- rated by Emil Kramer, a blacksmith shop run by Charles Rusch, and a shoemaker shop conducted by Ed. Schultze, and the R. P. Schmidt store. The Polar Grange hall is located in Polar village. A Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Park is located at Polar and a full account of this project is found in the military chapter. The principal highway is No. 64. DISTRICT NO. 5. EDISON DISTRICT. This school district contains all of sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and the west half of sec- tion 9, in the northwestern part of Polar township. It was first settled by Charles Soman, Sr., who came there in 1878. Joseph Soman, Sr., and Frank Kuehl, Sr., also came in 1878. They took up government home- stead lands. Edgar Neff, a pioneer mill owner in Antigo township, took up a homestead in this district in 1879. These men were the first pioneer settlers. In 1880 a school district was organized and Charles Soman erected a small log school. The only children to attend this school were those of the Edgar Neff family. The school was then under the supervision of township school officers. The district originally was known as District No. 5, but after the Edgar Neff family moved from the community it was attached to District No. 2. In 1889 it was re-organized and a new school was erected. It was a frame school and most of the material was purchased from Davis Brothers of Bryant. Mr. Cunard was the first teacher in the frame school. Nelson K. Joles purchased the frame school for $13 in 1905, after a new one was erected of brick. August Stabe was the contractor. Nellie Larson was the first teacher in the brick school. Other teachers were : Nannie Congleton, Ida Hudson, Char- lotte Tobey, Lola Wilson, Agnes Wolter, Anna Weix, May Napier, and Dorothy Borth. The school officers once planned an eastern and western school in the district but this idea was aband- oned just before the brick school was erected. The 1922-23 teacher is Delphos Michaelson. The 1922-23 school officers were : T. C. Forthman, Director; J. L. Creech, Treasurer, and Mrs. Fred Mc- Carthy, Clerk. The district was named after Thomas Edison, dis- tinguished inventor and world renown scientist. DISTRICT NO. 7. CLARK DISTRICT. The Clark district is located in the northern part of Polar township. The first settler was James Bodo, who came into the district, settled for a short time, and then moved away. He was followed by Mr. Clark, who came into the district from Antigo, where he had prospected previously. The third set- tler was a Mr. Caudill, who came from Kentucky. He, like those who came before, erected a rough log shan- ty on section 12. He was dissatisfied, however, and would not live in the country without his family. He then returned to Kentucky, arranged for moving his family, which he did. The first frame building was erected by him. It was a two story house, in which he has since resided. Other settlers followed and before long Clark dis- trict was fairly populated. The railroad came through the district long before the first settlers, but roads were built after an elapse of years. The old Herman trail has since became the main highway. The first school in the district was a log school erect- ed just across the road from the present school. Mrs. Soman was the first teacher. In 1910 a frame school was constructed. Early teachers were : Cora Hunger- ford, Miss Censky, Maud Smith, Martha Weix, Alice Doucette, Mrs. Thornsberry, Anna Klitz, and others. The present teacher is Rose Singer. The first school meeting was held in the old Logan house. The district was organized in 1910. The Logan house was used for one year as a school. Au- drey Creeck, Florence Caudill and Ora Caudill attend- ed the log school. Mr. Caudill owned the first automobile in this dis- trict. The 1922-23 school officers were: Maud Jacobs, Clerk; F. M. Jones, Director, and Ben H. Baker, Treas- urer. Early settlers were: James Bodo, the Clark, Mr. Caudill, George Bonner, Mr. Dyer, W. W. Clark and Veclak families. The pioneers of Clark district were forced to under- go many hardships. However they have developed farms, erected good buildings and have provided prop- er facilities for the education of their children. This is a striking contrast to that day when James Bodo, the wanderer, first came into this region. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 235 CHAPTER XLVI. Price Township No. 32 N., R. 12 E. Named After Congressman William T. Price — Township of Eagle in 1883— The Davis Mill Ticket of 1883 — Val. Rath, Leader of the Homestead Ticket — Davis Brothers Influential — Schools Under Township System Originally — Price Detachments of 1885 — Forest County Beneficiary — Price Township Officials 1884-1923 — Kent Joint District — Malcolm District — Bryant District — Green Valley District (Price). Price township was named in honor of Congressman William T. Price, of Black River Falls, Wisconsin, who served in the 48th and 49th Congresses as a representa- tive of the 8th district, (1885-86). Congressman Price died December 7, 1886. The township dedicated in his memory was surveyed December 2-12, inclusive in the year 1857. Surveyor McBride reported "that the township contains but few swamps and no streams." The north half and eastern part of Price are hilly, rolling and broken regions while the southwest quar- ter is level. Elm, maple, birch, pine and fir were the principal forest products. Lawrence Lake lies in the northwestern part of section 15. The U. S. survey of Price was conducted by James McBride upon orders from the U. S. Surveyor-General with headquarters at Dubuque, Iowa. WANTED TOWN OF EAGLE. November 13, 1883, a petition signed by Sam J. Price, George H. Fehl and others was presented to the county board requesting that all of townships 32, 33, and 34 of Range 12 East and townships 34 of ranges 13 and 14 East, be detached from Polar township and or- ganized into a new town to be known as Eagle town- ship. December 13, 1883, the committee on town or- ganization recommended the creation of a new town- ship out of the divisions proposed. Thus the resolu- tion passed and Price township, containing the enor- mous area of 115,200 acres, most of which contained a wealth of forest products, came into existence. The first annual meeting was held at the home of John Rath, section 21, township 32, range 12 east on April 1, 1884. Twenty-nine voters cast their ballot for or against the "mill ticket" or the "homesteaders" at this historic election. These early pioneers of Price were: Charles H. Davis, V. P. Rath, George Miller, Austin Muzzy, Walter Vanderhoof, E. M. Phil- lips, Nicholas Preston, Thomas Hutchinson, John B. Lavene, Joseph Houle, George H. McGregor, Isreal Kims, John Rath, George H. Fehl, H. P. Polar, Fred Hayssen, B. McKinney, Henry Stadler, Ed. Dalton, James Hartman, John Connelly, John McClaskey, An- drew Hartman, Charles Price, Sam J. Price, J. E. Davis, J. B. Buckstaff, John Hartman and A. A. Hurlbert. THE ELECTION CONTEST. George H. Davis, mill owner at Bryant lead the "mill ticket" while the settlers, principally homesteaders ral- lied around V. P. Rath, who headed the "homestead- ers ticket." The remote homesteaders were unable to vote because of the distance from the polls and lack of roads. Oxen and horses were not plentiful and the Indian trail was the best road. Davis received 17 votes to 12 for Mr. Rath and was elected Chairman. A. A. Hurlbert and E. M. Phillips were elected Super- visors; Clark Walrath, Clerk; Fred Hayssen, who later became an Antigo Mayor, Treasurer; Charles Colta, Sam Price and H. B. Polar of the upper Wolf country chosen Justices of the Peace. J. McClaskey was elect- ed Assessor and C. Walrath and R. Brush were chos- en Constables. J. E. David, J. R. Buckstaff and J. McClaskey were the first election inspectors in the town. The settlers were opposed to licensing retail liquor establishments as was demonstrated by a 20 to 6 vote at the first election. THE FIRST ACT OF PRICE OFFICIALS. The first act of Price township officials was to raise $620 for teacher's salaries for the year 1884-85. They also appropriated $1,600 for school purposes at this same session, the first special meeting of Price town- ship. May 24, 1884. TERRITORIAL DETACHMENTS. History has produced the fact that not a single Lang- lade County township originally a vast area has re- mained long in that status. Price township is no ex- ception to this statement. The five townships did not have much in common with township 32 in which the village of Bryant is situated. The Davis Broth- ers, with their mill and its influence among the settlers and also the employes, controlled affairs, for many years. Townships 34 of ranges 13 and 14 East were detach- ed from Price and made a part of Forest County by Chapter 436 of Wisconsin statutes of 1885. This left Price township containing townships 32, 33 and 34 of Range 12 or all of the present area of Price township and Ainsworth township. It remained in that status until 1905, when townships 33 and 34 of Range 12 East were detached and created into Ainsworth town- ship. SCHOOLS UNDER TOWNSHIP SYSTEM. Price township originally was under the township school system. As late as 1907 it remained under the township educational system. Then four school districts were created as follows : District No. 1 — the 236 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. E. 1/2 of section 15. the SE Vi of section 22, the SW 14 of section 22, the NW H of section 22, the S 1 2 of section 21, all of section 28, all of section 27 and 34, the E. 1/2 of section 33, the NW 14 of the NW 1/4 of sec- tion 33, the E. I2 of the NW H of section 33 or an area of 3,480 acres. District No. 2— the SW 14 of section 33, the SW 14 of the NW 14 of section 33. all of sections 29, 30. 31. 32. the S. 1.2 of the S. 1 2 of sec- tions 19 and 20 or an area of 3.080 acres. District No. 3— all of sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, the W. 1 2 of sections 3 and 10, all of sections 16, 17, 18, the N. I2 of sec- tions 19 and 20, the north 1 2 of the south 14 of sections 19 and 20 and the north ^2 of section 21 or an area of 7,680 acres. District No. 4 — all of sections 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, 25. 35 and 36. the NE 14 of section 22, the W. 1 2 of sections 3. 10, 15, or an area of 8,800 acres. The same boundaries applied to the first four road districts of Price township after the last territorial detachments. The districts were in township No. 32. FIRST SCHOOL OFFICERS. October 6, 1884, A. A. Hurlbert was elected Presi- dent of the Price township school board. H. B. Polar and Thomas Hutchinson were chosen Vice-president and Secretary respectively. Thomas Hutchinson, E. B. Knapp (who resigned and was succeeded by Clark Walrath). A. A. Hurlbert and H. B. Polar was chosen clerks of the four districts. OFFICERS OF PRICE TOWNSHIP FROM 1884 TO 1923 INCLUSIVE. CHAIRMEN. J. E. Davis— 1884-90; V. P. Rath— 1890-91 ; T. Bethel— 1891-93; N. C. Bruce— 1893-95; Chester Starks— 1895-96; Thomas Hutchinson— 1896-98; Ches- ter Starks- 1898-1900; J. J. Seeman— 1900-01; Charles L. McArthey— 1901-03; C. E. Jones— 1903-05 ; Thomas Hutchinson— 1905-06; C. E. Jones— 1906-07; George P. Carlson— 1907-09; Thomas Hutchinson— 1909-10 August Carlson— 1910-12; J. H. Baker. Jr.— 1912-15 C. J. McClellan— 1915-17; Gustav Hartman— 1917-18 John H. Reeves— 1918-21 ; Gustav Hartman— 1921-23. CLERKS. Clark Walrath— 1884-85 ; J. B. Loomis— 1885-86; Niel McKinnon— 1886-90; A. Dalton— 1890-91 ; E. H. Van Ostrand— 1891-92; Charles L. McArthey— 1892- 97; E. R. Chambers— 1897-99; V. P. Rath— 1899-02 ; William Blythe— 1903-06; A. Dalton— 1906-07; Wil- liam Blythe— 1907-23. SUPERVISORS. A. A. Hurlbert— 1884-85 ; E. M. Phillips— 1884 (re- signed); Thomas Hutchinson — 1884-85; John McClas- key, David Montour— 1885-86; John McClaskey, B. McKinney— 1886-87 ; A. A. Hurlbert. Thomas Hutch- inson— 1887-88; David Montour. A. Barnes— 1888-90; Charles L. McArthey, John Rath— 1890-91 ; James Hartman. Charles Price — 1891-92; John Grant, August Carlson— 1892-93; Henry Johnson, S. L. Doolittle— 1893-94; Malcolm Hutchinson— 1893-94. (appointed in June); Charles Price. John Grant— 1894-95 ; John Gillen. John Grant — 1895-97; Grant Simpson, J. P. Sanders— 1897-99; John Hartman, John Grant— 1899- 1900; Frank Thompson, John Grant— 1900-01; Wm. Malliet, Herman Carlson — 1901-02; Flanary Horton, V. Snowden — 1902-03; Flanary Horton, George Carl- son— 1903-04; B. Dudley, Flanary Horton— 1904-05 ; William Malliet, Flanary Horton— 1905-06 ; H. A. De- hart. G. P. Carlson— 1906-07 ; J. W. Standiford. H. A. Dehart— 1907-08; Flanary Horton. Wm. Malliet— 1908-09; B. Dudley. Boone Powell— 1909-10; John Grant. Amos Crum— 1910-11; Wm. Feldt. Wm. Malliet —1911-12; Wm. Feldt, Flanary Horton— 1912-14; B. Dudley, C. H. Price— 1914-15; C. H. Price, C. E. Keg- ley— 1915-16; Fred Hartman, Emil Carlson— 1916-17; Flanary Horton, William Daugherty — 1917-18; Flan- ary Horton, Emil Carlson — 1918-19; Flanary Horton, Charles E. Kegley— 1919-22; Flanary Horton, C. M. Porter— 1922-23. TREASURERS. Fred Hayssen— 1884-87 ; George Fehl— 1887 (did not serve) ; John McClaskey — 1887-88 (appointed); C. H. Davis— 1888-89; Thomas Hutchinson— 1890-93; Andrew Norem — 1893-95; E. Jansen, (appointed) — 1895-02; J. J. Seaman— 1902-03; Gustav Hartman— 1903-10; George L. Congleton— 1910-13; Gustav Hart- man— 1913-16; Charles W. Porter— 1915-18; B. S. Powell— 1918-23. ASSESSORS. John McClaskey— 1884; H. B. Polar, (appointed) — 1884-85; Chester Starks— 1885-89; Clark Walrath— 1889-90; Chester Starks— 1890-92; E. Davis— 1892-93; Chester Starks— 1893-94; A. A. Hurlbert— 1895-96; V. P. Rath— 1896-97 ; Gustav Hartman— 1897-99; Charles Price— 1899-1900; M. D. Green— 1900-02; Malcolm Hutchinson— 1902-03; M. D. Green— 1903-07; Fred Price— 1907-10; Charles L. McArthey— 1910-14; How- ard H. White— 1914-15; Frank L. Malliet— 1915-19; Alfred Pearson— 1919-20; George Hurlbert— 1920-21 ; J. W. Standiford— 1921-22; C. J. McClellan— 1922-23. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Charles Colta, Sam Price. H. B. Polar— 1884-85 ; J. B. Loomis— 1885-86; John McClaskey— 1885-87; Niel McKinnon. George Fehl — 1886-88; S. Anderson. Sam Irish— 1887-88; Chester Starks— 1889-90; Charles D. Brown— 1889-90; T. G. McGraw. A. Dalton— 1890-91 ; E. T. Clegg— 1892-93; Andrew Norem— 1892-96; T. M. Dobbs— 1896-97; M. D. Green. E. T. Clegg— 1897- 98; M. D. Green. T. M. Dobbs— 1898-99; E. R. Cham- bers— 1899-01; T. M. Dobbs— 1900-02; J. N. Gillen. V. P. Rath, R. H. Hannon— 1900-01; V. P. Rath, Grant Simpson, A. Slimmer, Tom Wilson — 1901-02; Charles L. McArthey— 1902-03; J. W. Smith. Grant Napier. A. E. Foster— 1903-04 ; R. W. Phillips, Charles McArthey —1904-05; Wm. Mitchell— 1905-19; Thomas Hutchin- son— 1905-06; Charles McArthey, J. W. Standiford— 1906-07; J. J. Seeman, Clarence Malliet— 1907-08; C. H. Price— 1908-09; Wm. Daugherty— 1909-12; Flan- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 237 ary Horton, 1910; J. W. Smith— 1911-12; Frank Furry —1912-13; L. B. Judy, S. L. Porter— 1914-15; J. W. Standiford, L. B. Judy— 1915-16; J. W. Standiford— 1916-18; Ernest Luerquin— 1918-19; J. W. Standiford, C. 0. Dalton— 1919-20; F. Reems, M. Malliet— 1920- 21; W. A. Bryant— 1920-21; J. Belott, John Lund— 1922-23. CONSTABLES. C. Walrath, R. Brush— 1884-85; C. Walrath, David Montour— 1885-86; V. P. Rath— 1887-88; William Dal- ton— 1888-95; George Hurlbert, William Dalton— 1895- 96; Gustav Hartman, Andrew Haverland — 1896-97; T. J. Baker, Helm Tyra— 1897-98; James Phillips, T. J. Baker— 1899-1900 ; Boone Tyra, William Dalton— 1898-99; Earl Dalton, Thomas Baker— 1900-01 ; Wil- liam Blythe, N. Dudley— 1901-02; D. K. Spencer, Clayton Drake— 1903-04; J. B. Flannery, Julius Boel- ter— 1905-06; Charles Hatton, Stirl Dudley— 1906-07; J. H. Baker, Jr., F. Crum— 1907-08; Frank Thompson —1907-08; John Rath, William Daugherty— 1908-09; J. H. Baker, Jr., Charles H. Price— 1909-10; Wm. R. Mitchell, Flanary Horton, Wm. Daugherty — 1910-11; Martin Mantino, J. H. Baker, Jr.— 1911-12; Martin Mantino, William White— 1912-13; Louis Hartman, Charles Dalton— 1913-14; Ernest Boelter, Chas. Por- ter— 1914-15; Ernest Boelter, Daniel O'Brien— 1915- 16; Ernest Boelter, John Waddell— 1916-17; Ernest Boelter— 1917-19; Carl Boelter, Daniel O'Brien, 1919; M. M. Rusch, G. W. Sparks— 1919-20; F. Crum, L. E. Carlson— 1920-21 ; J. Boelter, A. Paukant— 1921-22; E. M. Jecka, J. Jones— 1922-23. JOINT DISTRICT NO. 1. (Price and Langlade.) KENT— (Cont.) DISTRICT. Kent, one of the old- est communities in Langlade County, was once a thriv- ing mill village in the heart of a great tract of timber. It boasted a well stocked general store, a modern saw and planing mill, a post office and hotel, and a number of progressive inhabitants. That Kent has changed as time passed. With the passing of the lumber indus- try in its vicinity went the saw mill, the planing mill and the employes, together with the allied industries connected with such institutions. Since then the gen- eral store and post office have been retained. The first saw mill was erected at Kent by Henry Sherry of Neenah, Wis., who came to the wilderness in Section 24, Township 32, Range 12 East. He ope- rated on an extensive scale cutting pine until he sold his mill and the hardwood holdings to the Antigo Man- ufacturing Company. They ran the saw mill, boarding house, kept the post office and general store for many years until their entire possessions were dismantled. When the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western rail- road laid their track to Kent they called the village Drexell, in honor of a Mr. Drexell, an official of the concern. It still holds that name in so far as railroad maps are concerned. The land for the first school, a quaint structure, was donated by Henry Sherry, first mill owner. This first school was in the village near the general store owned by Henry Sherry. It was a one-room log building. Its location was section 24. A frame school was later erected on the same section. This was used for many years until 1918 when a joint district was organized with sections in Langlade township. A modern brick school, the pride of the district, was erected then. The first school records were burned in the fire which destroyed the Adolph Heggs residence and much of the early data cannot be secured. John Tye, J. W. Smith and Richard Miller were the officers of the dis- trict when the frame school was erected. A. Brandt of Polar built the frame school. The land was pur- chased from Abe Gum. The 1921-22 school officials were: Thomas Ward, Clerk; Sam Wagner, Director and Ed. Cunningham, Treasurer. The teacher in 1921-22 was Hattie Verch. Postmasters have been: Mr. Snow, Peter O'Connor, Marvin St. Claire and J. W. Smith, present postmast- er. Mr. Smith has served since May 2, 1903. The post office was located southwest of its present location, SE I4 of NE I4 of section 24 at one time. While there are still good tracks of standing timber in this district lumbering has long ceased to be the important occupation. Agriculture has taken its place. Kent has become famous because it is the home of J. W. Smith, producer of the famous Smith strain of Tri- umph potatoes, pronounced the best in the United States. He plants but six acres and receives orders from every section of the country. There are 28 families in the district. It was once known as Rural District No. 4, previous to formation of the joint district. The district consists of sections 1, 2, 11, 13, 12, 14, 23, 24, 25, 26, 36 and the E I/2 of 3, 10, 15, NE 14 of section 22 in Price township and sections 7, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34 in Langlade township, (Township 32, Range 13 East.) Nels Uttemark of Seymour once operated a saw mill on section 24 in Price township. He employed a num- ber of men. The mill was dismantled and Uttemark moved to a place near Appleton, Wis., where he was in- jured in an accident resulting in him becoming blind. DISTRICT NO. 1. MALCOLM DISTRICT. This district is situated in the south central part of Price township. It was settled in 1880 and years following by Thomas Hutch- inson, Malcolm Hutchinson, Henry Stadler, John Mc- Claskey, Andrew Hartman and Gustav Hartman, all of whom have taken an active part in the progress of the township. After the pioneer settlers arrived and erected their cabin homes a school was erected in 1883 on the site of the present substantial brick school. The first build- ing was a frame structure erected at an approximate cost of $300.00 by Ed. Dalton. Thomas Hutchinson was clerk of the district then. He was responsible to the Price Board of Education (township system). Francis Churchouse was the first teacher. Other ear- ly teachers were Agnes Donohue, Minnie Moss and An- 238 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. nie Kelly. The first pupils to attend school were: Genie and Malcolm Hutchinson, William Dalton, Jes- sie Dalton, Earl Dalton, Grace McClaskey and Gustav, George and Annie Hartman. Tlie frame school was used until 1909 when August Stabe, Antigo contractor, erected the splendid school now used in the district. Its cost was approximately $2,100.00. Charles L. McArthey was Clerk, Malcolm Hutchinson was Treasurer and Wm. Daugherty was Director when the school was erected. The 1922-23 officials were: B. S. Powell, Clerk; Herman Bryant, Director, and Gustav Hartman, Treasurer. Miss Anna Kennedy was the 1922-23 teacher. Average annual school enrollment is 40. The principal occupation of the settlers, of which there are thirty, progressive and active, is agriculture. Lumbering and other forest industries was the chief occupation of the pioneers. southwestern part of Price township. It was surveyed by George A. Young in 1883 and the recorded plat was filed on December 18, 1883. The original village embraced the southwest ' 4 of section 32. Five years later, in June, 1888, S. S. Bryant made an addition to the village. The eighty acre addition was surveyed by B. F. Dorr, pioneer county surveyor. The streets of Bryant are Vinson, Washington, David, and Bent. The Milwaukee Lake Shore & Western constructed their railroad into Bryant in the fall of 1884 and this same year, James E. Davis and Charles Davis erected a saw mill in the village. The Davis Brothers ope- rated until about 1890, when they moved from Bryant. During their lumber operations Bryant was at its high tide. Fred Hayssen came to Bryant from Calumet Coun- ty, Wisconsin and in 1883 erected the first store. He nil", ISRVANT GRADED SCHOOL This school is a marked contrast to the first Bryant school Iniilt in 1SS5 at a time when the village was just being opened up to new settlers. The present Rrvant school is a state graded institution. This district was organized in May, 1907. It con- sists of sections 27, 34 and 35, the east half of section 33, the east ^ 2 of the west Vg of section 33, the east half of section 28, the SE I4 of the NW I4 of section 28, the east 1 2 of the SW 14 of section 28, the west V2 of sections 22, 15, 10 and 3. The latter part of the dis- trict represents a strip of land two square miles running north and south, through the central part of Price town- ship. DISTRICT NO. 2. BRYANT DISTRICT. The village of Bryant was named in honor of S. S. Bryant of Milwaukee, who once owned extensive tracts of timber in Price and other Langlade County townships. Bryant is situated in the was also the first postmaster. Other postmasters were: Sim Ball, T. M. Dobbs and Mr. Williams. En- dre Norem, present postmaster has served in that offi- cial capacity for a quarter of a century. Other store proprietors in Bryant in the past were : Williams & Brown, A. H. Merton, now of Antigo, and Thomas M. Dobbs. Present mercantile establish- ments are those of the Endre Norem Company and the E. M. Jecki store. Bryant has a garage, owned and managed by Emil Person. Dr. J. H. Baker is Bryant's present Physician. He is a former resident of the state of Kentucky. Bryant is on the main highway between Antigo and Lily. The famous Antigo flats ends just north of Bryant, but a short distance. 1 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 239 Bryant's first depot was erected in 1884. The vil- lage is now on the Wolf River branch of the Chicago & Northwestern railroad. Bryant has an excellent brick graded school. The first school was erected in the village in 1885. The 1922-23 school officials were : George Burmeister, Clerk; Leo Byrnes, Director and C. J. McClelland, Treasurer. The 1922-23 teachers were : Bessie Augus- tyn and Annie Schultz. J. B. Loomis, one time town clerk of Price and an active leader in township affairs was Bryant's first and only lawyer. He was in the village from 1883 to 1889. Attorney Loomis was a member of the Lang- lade County bar. THE WEST PRICE GRANGE. West Price Grange No. 595 was organized at Bryant, October 17, 1912. First officers were : Master — Frank Furry; Overseer — Ed. Buboltz; Steward — Dewey Hart- man; Assistant Steward — Arthur Paul; Secretary — J. W. Standiford; Treasurer — Henry Buboltz; Chaplain — Mrs. Malcolm Hutchinson; Lecturer — I. Hall — Ceres — Mrs. John Hartman; Pomona — Jewel Porter; Flora — Mrs. Peterson; Gatekeeper — Herman Carlson. Present officers: Master — Matt Norem; Overseer — Leo Byrnes; Steward — Walter Diercks; Assistant Ste- ward — William Bryant; Lady Assistant Steward — Mrs. L. E. Carlson; Treasurer — John Lamb; Chaplain — Mrs. Wm. Bryant; Lecturer — Anna Pearson; Ceres — ■ Mrs. Leo Brynes; Pomona — Mrs. George Hurlbert, Flora — Margaret Reif ; Gatekeeper — George Carlson. The West Price Grange has a membership of 101, probably the highest membership of any of the Lang- lade County granges. Meetings are held every second and fourth Thursday. Complete ownership of a hall is contemplated. (Now the grange has a half interest in the town hall). BENT CEMETERY— TOWN HALL. Bent Cemetery was recorded May 11, 1900. It is situated in the NE I4 of section 32. Malcolm Hutch- inson surveyed t'ne plat. It received its name after Mr. Bent, a land owner, who gave the cemetery site to the township. A survey was made in May, 1899 also. The Town Hall is located in the village of Bryant. DISTRICT NO. 3. PRICE (GREEN VALLEY) DISTRICT. The pas- sage of the National Homestead Act did much to open the wilderness of Wisconsin to soldiers of the Civil War, prospectors and others seeking public lands on which to build homes. This district was settled by homesteaders the first of whom was Sam Price, who came from Waupaca County in 1879 and settled on 160 acres in section 19. His homestead was once staked by J. Cherf, who never proved his claim, he leaving short- ly after staking. Following Sam Price came John and Valentine P. Rath, youthful and energetic, immi- grants from the city of Sheboygan. John Rath set- tled on section 21 in the fall of 1880. V. P. Rath stay- ed with him during the time their rude log cabin was being erected. After that V. P. Rath settled on sec- tion 7. (He was not old enough to settle on a home- stead at the time his brother did). Charles Price, a son of Sam Price, came into the district from Waupaca County in 1881 and settled on section 17. A. A. Hurlbert came at the same time, he also taking up a homestead on section 17. Others who settled on section 17 in compliance with Home- stead Laws were: George H. Fehl, Civil War veteran, who lost an arm fighting for the Union, and James Hartman. Mr. Fehl came from Dayton, Ohio and Mr. Hartman from Rhine township, Sheboygan. Wal- ter Vanderhoof and Elijah Vanderhoof settled on sec- tion 7 shortly after. In 1884 the first log school was erected on section 17. It was a crude log affair. Only the A. A. Hurl- bert and Charles Price families had children of school age then. Early teachers were : Addie Hill and Sybil Cornish. The log school was used but a short time. The first frame school was erected on section 19. In 1911 a brick school took the place of the frame struc- ture, which was moved across the highway on to sec- tion 20 and has since been used as a M. E. Church. Henry Buboltz operates a saw mill on section 19. The only other saw mill was once operated by Wm. Carl- son on section 21. The 1922-23 school officials were: Earl Shanks, Di- rector; Charles M. Porter, Treasurer and J. M. Standi- ford, Clerk. The 1922-23 teacher was Mayme Jack- imstahl. There are about 16 farms in the district. The re- gion is hilly and rolling. August Carlson, J. W. Standiford, Henry Buboltz. John Seamon and John Hartman have lived many years within the district, coming in after the first pioneers. 240 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XLVII. Rolling Township No. 30 N., R. 11 E. Boundaries — Soil — Lakes — Pioneer Settlers — Organization — Industries — School Districts — Property Value of 1881 — Milltown — Township Officers, 1881-1923 — Hillside— Str£ssburg — Sunnyside — Rolling Grange No. 635 — B. F. Hall-Pioneer Cemetery — Fernwocd — Elmhurst — Pine Grove. Rolling township comprises the entire congressional township 30, North, of Range 11 East, and was the first Langlade County civil division to be surveyed by the federal government. William T. Bradley commenced the survey on October 13, 1853 and completed it on October 24, 1853. Rolling receives its name from the general topography of its surface. It lies in the ex- treme southern part of Langlade County, is bounded on the north by Antigo and Ackley townships, on the south by Aniwa township, Shawano County, on the east by Norwood township, and on the west by Harrison township in Marathon County. There is a great dif- ference in the physical features of Rolling township as compared with Neva or Antigo townships. Spring- brook runs through sections 4, 5, 8, 17 and 18, a small rivulet runs through sections 30 and 31, another runs through sections 22, 25, 26, 27 and 35. In the eastern part of the township are two streams of little impor- tance, running through sections 13, and 24 in one in- stance and sections 25 and 36 in the other. Rolling township soil varies from level to very gently undulating. It has a gentle slope excepting the south central sections which are quite hilly. Three distinct types of soil are found in Rolling. The Merri- mac silt loam, extending on an average to 12 inches in depth, is found in sections 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and parts of sections 1, 2, and 9. Gloucester silt loam, an ex- tensive soil, is found running in a northeast and south- west course. Small tracts are also found in sections 22, 23, 24 and 35. Gloucester sandy loam is found in sections 1, 12, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 and the greater part of the southeastern part of the township. Peat can be found southeast of Elmhurst in section 27 with a small strip through sections 26 and 35. The leading variety of timber in the township was white pine, Norway pine, maple, oak, basswood and elm. White and Norway pine has long ago been cut, as this township in the last quarter of the 19th century was essentially a lumbering district. Hardwood still stands in tracks on various sections of cut-over land. ORGANIZATION— FIRST OFFICERS. Rolling is one of the original townships of Lang- lade County. It sent its first Chairman, James Quinn, to the first session of the Langlade County Board in 1881. It was detached from Shawano County in 1881 and at- tached to Langlade County. The reader must bear in mind that this township was not included within the territory of the original New County. Before 1881, Rolling was a part of Milltown township. A settle- ment was made between the towns in April, 1881. James Quinn, Luther Montgomery, and Henry Peters were the first township Supervisors elected in April, 1881. Louis Zahn was elected the first Town Clerk. Arthur Montgomery, first Town Treasurer, George W. Connor, first Assessor; Isaac Noble, A. Wenz and A. Winnege, first Justices and Charles Peters and Phillip Maloney, first Constables. FIRST ELECTION. The first Inspectors of Election and Clerks were : Charles F. Schroeder, Phillip Schweitzer and Ph. Bray, Inspectors and Louis Zahn and August Winnege, Clerks. The election was held at the school house of District No. 8, (now District No. 3). PROPERTY VALUATION IN 1881. The following is a statement showing the assessed valuation of all property in the township August 15, 1881 : 15 horses, aggregate value, $850.00; 51 neat cat- tle, $816.00; 15 swine, $31.00; 19 wagons and sleighs, $187.00; 5 watches, $24.00; 2 Melodians— $110.00; 197^4 acres of improved lands and homes, $375.00; Total— $2,393.00. 15,418 acres of land, aggregative value— $43,178.04; Total valuation— $45,571.04. ROLLING TOWNSHIP VALUATION IN 1879. Louis Zahn, first town clerk, certified "that it ap- pears by the books, files and records" that the valua- tion of "taxable property" in the town of Rolling is: 1879— $18,400.00; 1880— $19,002.00; 1881— $45,571.04. Aggregate assessed valuation — $21,704.00. TOWN OF MILLTOWN. Before 1881, Rolling and Norwood townships were territory comprising Milltown township, Shawano County. The territory was detached from Shawano County and attached to Langlade County on February 19, 1881. It became Norwood and Rolling townships, Langlade County. A settlement was made between the two townships April 15, 1881. John Jansen, Anton Sensenbrenner and Henry Heim represented Norwood and James Quinn, T. H. Peters and Luther Montgom- ery acted for Rolling at the meeting. TOWN HALL QUESTION. Rolling township has never erected a town hall. The Board of Review and all public assemblages are usual- ly held at the office of the Township Clerk or other- wise at some previously designated place. The ques- tion has been voted upon but defeated. An agreement with the M. W. A. organization at Elmhurst was made HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 241 whereby the township used the M. W. A. Hall until it was destroyed by wind in 1919. Rolling township was divided into four districts March 28, 1882, as follows: District No. 1— Sections 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. District No. 2— Sections 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 35, 36. District No. 3— Sec- tions 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 16, 17, 18. District No. 4— Sections 19, 20, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33. The first road petition submitted to the Rolling Township Supervisors was read May 2, 1881. It was signed by T. A. Gillett and others. The first list of jurors of Rolling township were se- lected from the original polling list as follows: Henry Peters, Louis Zahn, George W. Hall, Charles Schroe- der, Luther Montgomery, James Quinn, Philipp Bray, Phillip Schweitzer, Almon Mosher, T. A. Gillett, Solon Hall and William Peters. The first Overseers of Highways In Rolling town- ship were : Almon Mosher, William Peters and Chris- tian Hanson, who had charge of Districts No. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Appointments were made April (first Tuesday), 1881. Bernard Wright, Christian Hanson, John Sullivan, Andrew Nelson, H. Hale, L. W. Wright, Peter Ander- son, John Linsdau, Gideon Frills, Dan Butler, L. L. Ferguson, Ole Olson, and T. Graves, were all residents of Rolling township before the end of 1883. Dr. J. H. Dawley, Antigo Physician, was selected as the first health officer of Rolling township. May 12, 1883. CHAIRMEN, ROLLING TOWNSHIP, 1881-1923. James Quinn— -1881-82; Henry Peters— 1882-85 ; Charles F. Schroeder— 1885-86; George Wunderlich— 1886-88; Charles F. Schroeder— 1888-90; D. W. Keen —1890-91; George Wunderlich— 1891-93; Charles F. Schroeder— 1893-94; Henry Peters— 1894-95; George Wunderlich— 1895-96; James E. Monroe— 1896-97; George Wunderlich — 1897-99; James E. Monroe — 1900-02; Fred Kalkofen--1903-05 ; George Wunderlich —1905-06; Fred Kalkof en— 1906-09; Calvin Balliet— 1909-13; George Wunderlich— 1913-14; Calvin Balliet —1914-15; George Wunderlich— 1915-17; Calvin Bal- liet— 1917-18; Gustav Schroeder— 1918-21 ; August Goeman— 1921-23. CLERKS, ROLLING TOWNSHIP, 1881-1923. Louis Zahn— 1881-85; J. M. Bemis— 1885-86; Fred Spoehr— 1886-90 ; Louis Zahn— 1890-92; William Gropp— 1892-97; D. W. Keen— 1898-99; Asa Holmes —1900-01; William Gropp— 1901-02; Fred Becker— 1903-05; Charles Vorass— 1905-07; William Gropp— 1907-11; Jos. Wild— 1911-20; Frank Huggins— 1921- 23. TREASURERS, ROLLING TOWNSHIP, 1881-1923. Arthur Montgomery — 1881-82; Frederick Spoehr — 1882-83; Philip Bray, Arthur Montgomery, Leroy Fer- guson— 1883-85; Frederick Spoehr— 1885-87; L. Reid- burger— 1887-91; James Pentony— 1892-93; George H. Wunderlich— 1894-95; Fred Becker— 1895-99; C. F. Schroeder— 1900-02; Jos. Wild— 1903-10; Frank Ko- zarek— 1910-15; Chas. F. Jesse— 1915-23. SUPERVISORS, ROLLING TOWNSHIP, 1881-1923. Luther Montgomery, Henry Peters— 1881-82; Phil- lip Schweitzer, Isaac G. Noble— 1882-83; T. A. Gillett, Arthur Montgomery — 1883-84; C. Volkman, E. Schus- ter— 1885-86; C. Volkman, L. Riedburger— 1886-87; C. Volkman, N. Bryant— 1887-88; C. Volkman, Jos. Guenthner, Sr.— 1888-89; N. Bryant, Chas. Peters— 1889-90; Theo. Luderman, James Pentony— 1890-91 ; C. Volkman, John Hartl— 1891-92; Wm. Peters, James Monroe— 1892-93; James E. Monroe, Jos. Wild— 1893- 94; Jos. Wild, Martin Murdoski— 1894-95 ; Jos. Wild, Ben Vande Bogart — 1895-96; James E. Monroe, Frank Devaud— 1896-97; Jos. Kettner, Jos. Wild— 1897-98; Sol Barnes, Theo. Luderman— 1898-99; C. Volkman, Theo. Luderman — 1899-1900; John Lenzner, George Grail— 1900-01; Matt Schuh, George Grail— 1901-02; John Lenzner, John Hartl— 1903-04; John Hartl, Steve Noskoviak — 1904-05; John Hartl, George Vanderhei — 1905-06; Frank Wenz, George Vanderhei— 1906-07; Louis Schmoll, Chas. Peters — 1907-08; George Van- derhei, Calvin Balliet — 1908-09; George Vanderhei, Steve Noskoviak — 1909-10; Frank Huggins, George Vanderhei — 1910-11; Frank Huggins, Jos. Modi — 1911-12; George Vanderhei, Jos. Modi— 1912-14; George Vanderhei, Bernard Lenzer — 1914-15; Bernard Lenzner, Samuel E. Webb — 1915-16; Samuel E. Webb, Fred Kalkofen — 1916-17; Englebert Steber, Gustave Schroeder— 1917-18; Fred Kalkofen, Engelbert Steber —1918-20; Frank Nichols, Fred Kalkofen— 1920-23. ASSESSORS, ROLLING TOWNSHIP, 1881-1923. George W. Connor— 1881-82; Phillip Bray— 1882- 83; Phillip Bray, Louis Zahn— 1884; Phillip Schweit- zer, A. Kling— 1885; M. D. Brown— 1886-87 ; Charles Peters— 1887-88; Jacob Raess— 1888-92; John Litton —1892-93; August Winnege— 1893-94; Jacob Raess— 1894-95; Charles Oesterich— 1895-97; Charles Peters —1897-99; A. L. Lyon— 1900-01; John Keen— 1901-02 Charles Peters— 1903-05; Jas. E. Monroe— 1905-09 Chas. Peters— 1909-10; Gustave Schroeder— 1910-14. Jas. E. Monroe— 1914-17; Chas. Peters— 1917-18; Jas. E. Monroe— 1918-21 ; Charles Peters— 1921-23. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, ROLLING TOWN- SHIP, 1881-1923. Isaac G. Noble, A. Wenz, A. Winnege— 1881-82; James Quinn, Phillip Bray — 1882-83; Louis Zahn, Hen- ry Peters— 1884; Isaac G. Noble— 1884; J. M. Bemis, M. D. Brown — 1885-86; J. M. Bemis, John Monroe — 1886-87; J. M. Bemis, John Monroe, H. Wunderlich— 1887-88; M. D. Brown, Charles Vorass— 1888-90 ; J. M. Bemis, John Monroe — 1889-91; Charles Graves, Charles Vorass— 1890-92; Frederick Spoehr— 1893-95; J. M. Bemis — 1893-95; John Monroe, George Servi — 1893-94; John Litton, J. M. Bemis— 1894-96; James Monroe, Theodore Luderman — 1895-97; J. M. Bemis — 1896-98; J. Raess, N. Bryant, J. Babbler— 1896-97; J. 242 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. M. Bemis, Jacobs Raess, N. Bryant, Jos. Babler— 1896- 97; N. Bryant, Theo. Luderman— 1897-98 ; H. Holmes, O. A. Stevens, C. F. Schroeder, August Winnege — 1898-99; J. M. Bemis, W. F. Keen, George Servi— 1900- 01; Asa Holmes, S. C. Barnes— 1901-02; Asa Holmes, J. M. Bemis, Bernard Wright, August Goeman — 1903- 04; William Moore, Fred Becker— 1904-05; J. M. Bem- is, Asa Holmes, Walter Bryant— 1905-06; James Mas- terson, Jos. Wild, J. M. Bemis— 1906-07; Arthur Moss, J. M. Bemis, Calvin Balliet— 1907-08; J. M. Bemis, Charles Jesse, Fred Ohm— 1908-09; Calvin Balliet, William Mehne, Michael Nichols, Albert Tiehl— 1909- 10; William Gropp, Albert Tiehl, Michael Nichols— 1910-11; William Gropp, William Mehne, Chas. O'Con- nor— 1911-12; Jos. Wild, J. M. Bemis— 1912-13; Jos. Wild, C. F. Jesse— 1913-14; Jos. Wild, S. A. Barnes— 1914-15; Gustave Schroeder, Jos. Wild— 1915-16; Jos. Wild, Chas. F. Jesse— 1916-17; Jos. Wild, Chas. F. Jesse— 1917-22; Frank Huggins— 1922-24. CONSTABLES, ROLLING TOWNSHIP, 1881-1923. Charles Peters, August Winnege— 1881-82; Chas. Peters, James Hahn— 1882-83; W. F. Keene, Henry Schweitzer— 1885-86; W. F. Keene, H. Wunderlich, Gus Hohensee — 1886-87; M. McCann, Gus Hohensee, C. Wunderlich— 1887-88; Gus Hohensee, C. Wunder- lich— 1888-90; E. Ploeger— 1888-90; N. E. Bryant, 0. E. Stroebe— 1889-91 ; C. F. Schroeder, N. Bryant, Fred Ackerman— 1890-91 ; George Vanderhei, Ben Vande Bogart, Englebert Steber, Walter Bryant— 1893-94; Walter Bryant, George Vanderhei, C. McCann, James Modi, 1894-95; T. McCann, George Vanderhei, Walter Bryant, Rudolph Kuhn — 1895-96; August Goeman, George Vanderhei, T. McCann, Rudolph Kuhn — 1896- 97; A. Kuehn, B. F. Vande Bogart, George Vanderhei —1897-98; F. W. McCann, August Anderson, J. Zan- ger, August Lenzner — 1898-99; George Vanderhei, G. Schroeder, Frank Wenz, B. F. Vande Bogart— 1900-01 ; Chas. Weinant, George Graves, Harry Lyons — 1901- 02; J. Petterlick, R. Peters, A. Anderson, Andrew Au- gustin — 1903-04; Peter Anderson, Ludwig SchmoU, Geo. Vanderhei— 1904-05; B. F. Vande Bogart, Chas. Weinant, Herman Demlow — 1905-06; B. F. Vande Bo- gart, John McDonald, Geo. Vanderhei — 1906-07; Geo. Vanderhei, Frank Petterlick, B. F. Vande Bogart — 1907-08; John McDonald, Paul Kuehn, Chas. Kalko- fen, Frank Petterlick— 1908-09; Albert Schweitzer, Frank Petterlick— 1909-10 ; Frank Petterlick, Jesse Mc- Donald, Albert Schweitzer, Ray Hills— 1910-11 ; Albert Schweitzer, Jesse McDonald, Ray Hills — 1911-12; Geo. Snell, Henry Linsdau, Albert Schweitzer — 1912-13; Gus Hohensee, Fred Schweitzer, Henry Linsdau — 1913-14; Frank Petterlick, Albert Schweitzer— 1914-15 ; August Meisenhelder, George Snell, Leonard Vander- hei — 1915-16; Frank Ullma, Leonard Vanderhei, Jesse E. Hunt— 1916-17; August Meisenhelder, Walter Mon- roe, Leonard Vanderhei — 1917-18; August Meisen- helder, C. G. Maney, George Snell— 1918-19; Walter Monroe, August Meisenhelder, Leonard Vanderhei — 1919-22. DISTRICT NO. 1. HILLSIDE DISTRICT. District No. 1, Rolling township is situated in the northeastern part of the township. It consists of sections Nos. 1, 2, 11, 12, 13 and 14 and contains 3,840 acres. District No. 1 originally was known as District No. 6 of the town of Milltown, Shawano County (before at- tached to Langlade). Its boundaries have never been materially changed, since it was created April 17, 1880. April 24, 1880, at a meeting at the Carl Schroe- der home, section 14, Isaac Noble, Carl Schroeder and Phillip Bray were chosen first Director, Treasurer and Clerk respectively. The first school a log cabin was built on the NE 14 of section 13. John Lenzner gave one acre of land to the district for school purposes. April 23, 1881, the dis- trict number was changed to District No. 1. The first term of school was for three months in winter, an in- termission, and then a summer session lasting three months. The first teachers received an average of $25.00 per month as compared with a salary of $75.00 to $90.00 now. The second school was authorized June 15, 1896. Herman Laehn was awarded the con- tract at $525.00. Before the erection of the first log school, Mrs. Phillip Bray, the first teacher, taught the children the rudiments of an elementary education at her log home, section 12. The present school is on the SW 14 of the NW I4 of section 12. Other early teachers were: Jennie O'Hearn, Lizzie O'Hearn, Amy Furgeson, Maggie Canty, H. Dunn, E. Nolan, E. J. Couch, F. R. Churchouse, G. W. Bliss, F. L. Burdick, A. J. Burbank, Miss L. Rynders, Clara Tay- lor, H. C. Logan. Miss Christina Folk was the teach- er in 1922-23. The first pupils to attend public school in the dis- trict were : PVank, William, Gustav, Robert and Her- man Schroeder, Ida Schroeder, Jos. Guenthner, Jr., Adam Guenthner, Lawrence Guenthner, Rose Lenzner, Perry, Millie, Libbie, Elsie and Claude Gillett. Pioneer settlers imigrated into this district as early as 1878. Among them were : Isaac Noble, Carl Schroeder, Phillip Bray, Louis Zahn, T. A. Gillett, Jos. Guenthner, Sr., John Lenzner and John Linsdau. The district is a splendid agricultural district, which has emerged from a wilderness of almost fifty years ago to a prosperous section of Langlade County. By frugality, diligence and hard labors the settlers have developed some of the splendid farms of which the county has privilege to boast. The school officials of 1922-23 were : Frank Schroe- der, Clerk; Robert Schroeder, Treasurer and Harry Lyons, Director. Trunk Line No. 32 is located in the district. Many of the early settlers and now the new genera- tion of the district play an important part in Rolling township affairs. Since its organization there have been no churches, cemeteries, saw mills or cheese factories within the district boundaries. This is recorded for future refer- ence. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 243 DISTRICT NO. 2. STRASSBURG DISTRICT. This district is locat- ed in the southeastern part of Rolling township. Its territory comprises all the civil sections of the town- ships 23, 24, 25, 26 and 36 and the east half of sec- tions 22 and 35 and the SW I4 of section 22. Its area is 4,000 acres. The district was named by the settlers in honor of Strassburg, ancient capital of Alsace-Lor- raine. One year before the settlement was made between the duly accredited representatives of Norwood and Rolling townships an important meeting was held by the first homesteaders and pioneers for the purpose of solving the educational viccissitudes confronting them. Their children were growing, new settlers were arriv- ing, and the hardy folk recognizing the value of tem- ples of learning because of their own deficiencies, peti- tioned for a new school area. The request was grant- ed by the Supervisors of Milltown Township (Shawano County) and District No. 7 was created. It originally consisted of sections 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 35 and 36 or 5,760 acres. By a resolution adopted April 23, 1881, the number of the district was changed to Dis- trict No. 2, {first action of the Board of Supervisors of Rolling, 1881). The district was organized April 17, 1880. The first sessions were held at the residence of Henry Peters, one of the first Supervisors of Rolling township. This property is now owned by Albert Pagel, who runs a store. The first school, log con- struction, was erected on this site and after a number of years service burned. The first school officers were : Henry Peters, Clerk; Charles Peters, Treasurer and August Winnege, Director. The 1922-23 school offi- cers were: Charles Vorass, Clerk; Julius Winnege, Treasurer and Anton Peters, Director. Henry Peters, August Winnege and Terrence Mc- Cann were the building committee members who had charge of the first school, which was 18x24 and 12 feet high. Philip Schweitzer erected it at a cost of $140. The present school was erected in 1893 by B. Garri- ty. August 1, 1881, the valuation of assessment for Dis- trict No. 2 was as follows : Real Estate— $8,320 ; Per- sonal Property— $396.56; Total— $8,716.56. Septem- ber 26, 1881, the amount of taxes voted to be raised within District No. 2 was two hundred dollars which was assessed upon the taxable property therein. March 2, 1882, the amount of school money appor- tioned to this district was $16.90. Early settlers in this district were: Charles Volkman, August Winnege, Ph. .Sweitzer, Anton Sensenbrenner, William Peters, Charles Peters, Henry Peters, Charles Vorass, Sr., Charles Vorass, Jr., T. McCann, J. G. Bau- enfiend, T. Barnes, G. Klopstein, C. Doine, George Vanderhei, Louis Jordan, F. Leubcke, Sr., F. Jordan, John Martin, G. Trunz, James Weaver, Anton Weber and others. Wella Peters, now Mrs. Henry Keen, and Ida Schroe- der, now Mrs. Charles Vorass, Jr., were first and sec- ond white children born in this section of Rolling town- ship. Miss Lucy Grignon was the first teacher. She was followed by Minnie Moss, Minnie E. Jones, Effie Der- by, Ella Rynders, Matilda Ferguson, Ellen McCon- nell, C. C. Williams, Delia Nye, Clara Taylor, Matie Trettien, all of whom were pioneer school teachers. Miss Elizabeth Folk taught in 1922-23. The principal pioneer industry was the saw mill erected in 1883 by Henry Peters on the NE % of the NE I4 of section 24. He sold the property to the Mat- toon Lumber Company, who after operating success- ful sold to John Dailey. Mr. Dailey suffered a loss by fire. He re-built the mill only to have it burn again. A store was operated in connection with the mill. John Dailey later became Mayor of Antigo and an ac- count of his administration is found in Chapter XXV. A community grew miracuously while the saw mill operated. Thus a post office was opened. Henry Pet- ers and Anton Sensenbrenner were the postmasters. Present industries are the cheese factory purchased January 28, 1916 by D. Korth from the farmers co- operative unit in the district and the John Pagel store. There are thirty progressive and industrious farmers residents in this district. It is in rural free delivery di- vision number three. The Rolling Mutual Telephone service connects the settlers with Antigo, county seat or with other centers. Still a young district, its future is full of promise. DISTRICT NO. 3. SUNNYSIDE DISTRICT. The first resolution of the township Board of Supervisors, April 23, 1881, was to change the number of the different district schools in the township. District No. 7 then became District No. 3, of which mention is now made, While the district was set off as such in 1881, it was not until 1885 that a school house was erected on a clearing do- nated by Charles Herman, who was the first County Sheriff. The school, of log construction, was one room and was situated in the northwest corner of the district. Miss Hattie B. Vasburgh was the first teach- er. District No. 3 has the distinction of possessing fine agricultural lands. As fast as the white pine forests were cut settlers took up the cut-over land. The first settlers arrived m this region in 1878, three years before the coming of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western. James Quinn, the Vetelle family, George Hall, Solon Hall, George Connor, Charles Herman, Roy Ferguson, August Duchrow, John Monroe, Mr. Thompson, who was a trapper and fox hunter, Charles Blamberg, William Gropp, James E. Monroe, Walter Bryant, Albert Smith, Rudolph King, George Schraml, Hiram Tenant, R. H. Buck, all were pioneer settlers. Later settlers, who may rightfully be classed as pio- neers, were : Frank Kozarek, Albert Stone, Martin Marchiniak, Martin Murasky, Andrew Jahnkowsky, Anton Antoniewicz, Steven Noskowiak, Fred Becker, George Grail, Sam P. Nelson, Otto Hanke and Steven Scott. 244 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. It was not uncommon for the early pioneer to cart supplies and foodstuffs from Wausau or points farth- er away. The old corduroy roads, the marshes and rough oxen carts made the journey weary and tedious. Mention has been made of the first log school, which was replaced by the present splendid frame structure located on the NE 14 of the NW I4 of section 10. It was erected in 1888. An addition to accommodate its growing needs, was erected in 1908. Early District No. 3 teachers were: Hattie B. Vosburgh, Laura Thomas, Addie E. Hill, Mar>- Bertherlson, Henry F. Herman, John Schaen, Effie Gray, Anna Gropp, A. M. Arveson. Mrs. Irma Larzelere was the teacher in 1921-22. The first school board consisted of Charles Herman, George Connor and George Hall.. The 1921- 22 school board consisted of Martin Kozarek, J. E. Monroe and Walter Bryant. There has been no recent territorial changes in Dis- trict No. 3, which consists of sections 3, 4, 9, 10, 15 and 16. In the early days the settlers, after a busy day clear- ing land, sawing logs or working in the "pineries" would gather at the Solon Hall place where dancing and merriment were featured. This lightened the weary labors of the homesteader and others. Principal colonists and original land owners were: Upham & Russell of Shawano and F. A. Deleglise. Land sold for from $7 to $10 per acre in 1885. Pioneer loggers in the district were : A. Weed, Charles Gowan, and J. O'Brien. Present industries are : One saloon, owned by Louis Kruk and one cheese factory owned and operated by Umland Bros, of Birnamwood, who have been located on section 3.' Early factories were conducted by A. A. Miller and the Star Creamery, a co-operative com- pany. Highway No. 39 runs through the district. The Chicago & Northwestern Railroad main line runs through section 3, 9 and 16. The area of the district is 216 square miles or 3,840 acres. DISTRICT SCHOOL TAX. August 27, 1881, $650 was voted as the amount re- quested to be assessed in district No. 3. Persons liable for that taxation were James Quinn, Charles Herman, C. W. Connor, G. W. Hall. Moses Vitelle and L. M. Ferguson. In 1881 the valuation of assess- ment for district No. 3 was: Real estate, $11,833.08; personal property, $922.06; total, $12,755.14. B. F. HALL-PIONEER CEMETERY. The B. F. Hall-Pioneer cemetery, named after an early settler, is located east of the E. A. Sage farm- house on the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section 15. This cemetery was surveyed by Joseph Duchac by authority of B. F. Hall in accordance with Chapter CI of the revised Wisconsin statutes of 1878. ROLLING GRANGE NO. 635. Rolling Grange No. 635 was organized at Sunny- side school by Perry T. Gillett, January, 1915. First 1. This cheese factory has since burned down. officers were: Master, Charles O'Connor; Overseer, B. Wright; Secretary, Mrs. Charles Schotte; Treasurer, Frank Wenz; Lecturer, Mrs. Frank Wenz; Chaplain, D. Mahard; Steward, R. Monroe; Assistant Steward, Bert Wright; Lady Assistant, Mrs. Charles O'Connor; Gatekeeper, Walter Monroe. Meetings were held at residences of members until the spring of 1917, when a hall was erected. It is located in district No. 4, on the southeast quarter cor- ner of the southwest quarter of section 8. But for the generous donations of labor and material, cost of construction would have reached $800. Present mem- berships is 41. The officers of the grange are: Master, Charles Schotte, Jr.; Overseer, Charles Servi; Assistant Stew- ard, G. F. Kretz; Lady Assistant Steward, Hattie Schotte; Chaplain, George Hunt; Gatekeeper, Walter Monroe; Flora, Mrs. Charles Schotte; Ceres, Mrs. George Servi; Pomona, Mrs. Ferdinand David. Meetings are held the first Wednesday of each month during the winter. In the summer months ses- sions are held the first and third Wednesdays. Roll- ing Granges have captured first, second and third prizes in exhibits at the Langlade County Fair. They are justly proud of their organization. DISTRICT NO. 4. FERNWOOD DISTRICT. In the northwestern part of Rolling township lies an area of land 3,840 acres in extent, consisting of sections 5, 6, 7, 8, 17 and 18. This area is commonly termed Fernwood by reason of a name designated by the school pupils re- siding in the district. District No. 4 was one of the original Langlade County school districts. It was organized in 1880 and while the records of the first school officers are lost we have positive proof of the year of organiza- tion. It was known as district No. 9, Milltown Town- ship, Shawano County, before Rolling township was created and attached to Langlade County. The first settlers to arrive in this section came in 1878 and 1879. They were John McDonald, Luther and Charles Montgomery, John Rice, Theodore Luder- man, John Hart!, Joseph Wild, Sr., Matt Fleischmann, Englebert Steber, John Olson, Chris Hanson, George Wenz, Charles Steckl, Joseph Modi, Julius Heschke, Wolfgang Babler, Joseph Babler, John Bitl and Wen- eel Zollpriester and others. The first school was a log house erected on section 6. For four years it was used until another more pre- tentious structure of logs was erected on section 7. This was the knowledge center of the district until 1894 when a brick building was erected by Joseph Wild and Theodore Luderman. It cost $3,000. It was then and is yet one of the best of Langlade Coun- ty schools. Mrs. F. A. Deleglise was the first teacher in the district. Miss Mabel Schultz taught the school in 1921-22. George Wenz and Theodore Luderman were Clerk and Treasurer of the district when first organized. The 1921-22 school officials were Matt HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 245 Wachal, Jr., Clerk; Joseph Frisch, Director; Anton Hallada, Treasurer. Present industries are : Springbrook Cheese Fac- tory, purchased by John Ehman from Emil Bartz in May, 1922. It originally was a creamery owned by the farmers in the district, who sold to John Hruska. Others who owned it were Chris Wavrunek and J. Reislager (jointly), Fred Buss, George Nore, James Pavunka, Emil Bartz. The Joseph Stearn saloon was erected by John Hruska, was later operated by Chris Wavrunek, before Mr. Stearn secured it. Both indus- tries are located on section 5. There are forty farmers, fully alert to the possibil- ities of District No. 4 as an agricultural and dairying center, living in the district. Splendid roads, rural free delivery service. The Fernwood Telephone Com- pany, organized by Matt Wachal, Jr., and an air of progressiveness and optimism all tend to make the district a blue ribbon winner. In 1881 the valuation of assessment in district No. 4 was as follows: Real estate, $18,986.50; personal property, $518.00; total, $19,504.50. DISTRICT NO. 5. ELMHURST DISTRICT. Before the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad pushed their main track north into the territory of Langlade County, a hardy optimistic prospector came into the wilderness of southern Langlade County and settled at what later became the thriving village of Elmhurst. This man, Frederick Spoehr, came from Shiocton, Waupaca County. He planned to locate at Antigo, but in his own words, "I decided not to because of the swampy land and marshes," and in 1880 came to section 21, township 30, range 11 east. Mr. Spoehr was pre- ceded by W. J. Empey. Many settlers followed. The pioneers of this dis- trict were W. J. Empey, Frederick Spoehr, Dan But- ler, J. Wunderlich and sons, Mrs. Schraml, M. W. Brown, E. Ploeger, Sim Ball, James Pentony, Adam SchmoU, E. Schuster, Walter Strong, Joseph Haas and others. As new settlers homesteaded or purchased land from land agencies or the Northwestern railroad (which, while not operating in the county then, owned large tracts of railroad land grants within it) the education of the young became a paramount necessity. There- fore a school was erected on the site of the present modern structure in the village of Elmhurst. The first school served until December 19, 1919, when it was destroyed by fire. The new school was erected at a cost of $13,000. The officers of the district in 1922-23 were H. A. Carley, Clerk; G. H. Wunderlich, Treasurer and Frank Prosser, Director. The district was organized following a petition presented by W. J. Empey and others on March 28, 1882. This territory in the township previously belonged to another district. June 26, 1882, the town board appointed Daniel Buttler of Elmhurst to notify the electors of the newly created District No. 5 to meet at the home of James J. Haas for the first school meeting, July 18, 1882. This district was officially organized April 18, 1882, and consisted of sections 20, 21, 28, 33, 32, 29, 30, 31, 19, or the southwest quarter of the township. July 10, 1889, the boundaries of both districts No. 2 and No. 5 were changed. The northwest quarter of section 22 was placed in District No. 5. The district experienced various changes from then until now it consists of all of sections 19, 20, 21, 30, the west half of section 29, the northeast quarter of section 29 and the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 29, the northwest quarter of section 28 and the northwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section 28 and the northwest quarter of section 22. Pioneer industries in this district were many. The J. S. Wunderlich & Sons industries were launched in 1881. J. S. Wunderlich and sons moved to Elmhurst from Stevensville, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, in August, 1881. They operated a saw and shingle mill for many years. George H. Wunderlich now owns considerable property in Elmhurst. He is proprietor of a sawmill, the large Bear Lake farm and a general store. His home is in Antigo, Wis. M. Brown and W. Saxon of Appleton conducted a mill in Elmhurst in 1884. Sims & Jones, of Tuston and Appleton, Wisconsin, respectively, erected a barrel head and cheese box factory in the district in 1888. They sold out in 1894 to the Menasha Woodenware Company, which in turn sold to J. Clark of Pine River, Wisconsin, and Niels Nelson of Oshkosh. Sorenson Brothers of Tuston, Wisconsin, were then financially interested in the pro- ject. The latter owners sold to E. F. Nelson and Frank Deveau. The industry was discontinued in 1908. The Frost Veneer Seating Company located in Lang- lade County first in Elmhurst in 1886. They moved to Elcho in 1887-88. Jaeger Brothers of Berlin, Wis., had a stave mill on the same site for three years later. Frederick Spoehr conducted a small hotel and store from 1881 until 1888, when it was taken over by H. A. Carley. Other early hotel keepers were Thomas Ir- win, who started in 1889, Wunderlich Brothers, P. Near, Frank Busch, Fred Kalkofen and E. Ploeger. Joseph Haas, Jake Fischer and Charles Abet were the three early saloon keepers. Present industries in this district are H. A. Carley and George H. Wunderlich stores, two soft drink stands run by August Meisenhelder and C. F. Jessie, two boarding houses, a C. & N. W. depot, and a post office. The postmasters have been Frederick Spoehr, Hesh Tyler, George H. Wunderlich, John Zellmer, B. F. Vander Bogart, and Sim Ploeger, present incum- bent. The Modern Woodmen of America have a camp at Elmhurst. The Good Templars and F. R. A. lodges were once active in the village. Elmhurst at one time reached the high mark of 460 inhabitants and was for a short time a rival to Antigo. ^ The German Lutheran faith have a fine church lo- 1. Elmhurst at no time was as serious a contender for the leader- ship of Langlade County as was that historic region in the WoK river country where the Lily river joins the Wolf. 246 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. cated in the village. It was erected in 1891. Antigo and Birnamwood pastors serve the congregation. The Elmhurst cemetery is located on section 28. Elmhurst received its name because of the great elm forests that impressed the first settlers. The 1922-23 teachers were Erna Below, principal, and Maude Smith, assistant principal. DISTRICT NO. 6. PINE GROVE DISTRICT. Within the memory of settlers still living the south central part of Rolling Township was a dense unbroken forest penetrated only by the zig-zag trails of the Indian. Its very sur- face pictured the weary trials and struggles of a "squatter," homesteader or land purchaser. Yet reso- lute men of faith and courage braved the viccissitudes of the forest and settled in this region in 1880. Early settlers were Jacque Raess, Fred Kalkofen, Frank Hanus, Louis Ramer, and .Jacques Eric. The only per- manent old pioneer still within the district is Fred Kalkofen. Rolling township was originally four school dis- tricts. Then the fifth district followed and another change took place October 29, 1883, when District No. 6 was organized. It consisted of sections 27, 32, 33 and 34 and the south half of section 28. The district now consists of sections 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, the south half of section 28, the east half of the northeast quar- ter of section 28 and the southwest quarter of the north- east quarter of section 28, the south half of the south- east quarter of section 29 and the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 29, the west half of section 35. The area contains 4,080 acres. The district is drained by small rivulets and streams flowing through sections 27, 35, 31, 32, 33. The main line of the Chicago & Northwestern railroad runs through section 32 and a part of section 29. The soil in the district is varied. Merrimac silt loam, sandy loam, Gloucester fine sandy loam and peat are found. The only industry in the district, with the exception of agriculture, was a sawmill erected in 1883 on the southwest quarter of section 27 by Jacques Eric, who came to this county from Winnebago County, where he then owned a farm. The Eric sawmill brought in an influx of settlers and was responsible to a great extent for the arrival of early settlers. A terrible accident occurred in 1884 and was the direct reason for abandonment of the industry. Mr. Eric made a trip each day to Elm- hurst, nearest trading settlement, to secure mail and provisions for the settlers and employes at the saw- mill. He failed to return one day and upon investiga- tion it was found that his horses had run away. The heavy load of hay slid from the wagon box as the team ran down a hill. Mr. Eric was fatally injured. Dr. F. A. Beckel, Antigo pioneer physician, was called, but his efforts were futile. Henry Gustavus, associate of Jaques Eric, took charge of the mill, the lumber was hauled away and the mill finally moved. While operating, it furnished employment to a number of men. A little settlement grew up near the mill on section 27 during this per- iod. It died with the mill. The first school was erected in 1883 on the present location, section 27. It is still used. The building cost $300 when erected. First pupils were Fred, Jr., Albert, Charles, Herman, Alfred, Ernest, Amelia, Anna, Rose and Minnie Kalkofen, the Frank Hanus children, the Frank Zarda (Aniwa) children, and the Wolf family children. Indian trails abounded even at this time and many of the children had to trudge over them. Frank Hanus, Louis Ramer and Fred Kalkofen were first Director, Clerk and Treasurer of the district. The 1922-23 school officials were Frank Huggins, Trea- surer; Mrs. R. J. Doine, Clerk and Mrs. Zoa Hoj^, Director. Mrs. Jessie Huggins was the 1922-23 teach- er. Sixteen farmers reside in this district. The office of the Rolling Township Clerk, Frank Huggins (1922), is in this district. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 247 CHAPTER XLVIII. Summit Townships 33-34 N., R. 9 E. Two Congressional Divisions — Survey of 1860 and 1864 — Physical Features — Timber, Soil, Streams — Boundaries — Organization in 1886 — First Town Meeting At Summit Lake — Slashing Terri- tory From Summit— Parrish Tovsmship Created November 12, 1889— Officers From 1886 to 1923 — The History Of Sleepy Hollow District, Sunny Slope, Rocky Glen, Callsen, and Parrish Village. Summit township consists of two congressional divi- sions, No. 33 and No. 34 of the U. S. government sur- vey. The township lies in the extreme northwestern part of the county. South Summit was surveyed by William T. Bradley in September, 1860, and North Summit was surveyed by James L. Nowlin, commenc- ing on September 15, 1864. The township is bounded on the north by Oneida County, on the south by Vilas township, on the east by Elcho township, and on the west by Lincoln County. The physical and topographical features of Sum- mite are similar to surrounding divisions. The sur- face is generally rolling except in some places where swamps and marshes prevail. The leading variety of timber consists of pine, hemlock, birch, oak, elm, bass- wood and maple, of which splendid groves are yet to be found. The soil is Gloucester fine sandy loam, Spencer silt loam and Gloucester silt loam, rolling phase. The township has no large creeks or waters courses, the Prairie river being the largest. It extends through the central part of North Summit, running through sec- tions 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 19, 20, 22, 25 and 26. THE RESOLUTION OF 1886. February 2, 1886, J. C. Lewis introduced a resolution before the County Board calling for the organization of Summit township. The resolution stipulated that the proposed township consist of congressional town- ships 33 and 34 of ranges 9 and 10 east. It passed, but not without opposition. The first township meeting was held at the Summit Lake village school house. W. H. Pool, who was then operating a sawmill at Summit Lake, was elected first township chairman. His right to sit on the County Board was challenged by other members who declar- ed him to be a citizen of Antigo. He filed an affi- davit to the contrary stating he had been a resident of Summit Lake for a considerable length of time pre- viously. This quashed the arguments of his enemies. J. C. Lewis, B. H. Wooledge, Henry Heim, John G. Beardsley, Frank Kennedy and John Bahr were select- ed to make a settlement with Ackley township and the new town of Summit immediately after the town- ship was organized. Their report to the County Board, November 9, 1886, was adopted. SLASHING TERRITORY FROM SUMMIT. Summit township did not enjoy its extensive area for any considerable time. December 27, 1886, an effort was made to have townships 34 of ranges 9 and 10 east detached from Summit. Ed Daskam pre- vented this action by having the proposed new town- ship request tabled. Tabling the petition did not les- sen the activities of those who desired a new town- ship and on February 23, 1887, Elcho township was created. With parts of the original Neva township and townships 34 of ranges 9 and 10 east this new township was organized. Thus Summit, exactly a year after organization, was slashed to one-half its origin- al area. But the slashing did not cease. On Novem- ber 12, 1889, Parrish township was formed by detach- ing township 34 of range 9 east (North Summit town- ship) from Elcho township. This left Summit town- ship but one congressional township. No. 33, range 9 east, and it remained in that status until 1899, when Parrish township was vacated and attached to Sum- mit township. Its area has remained unchanged since. All of the officers of Summit township in 1886 came from the village of Summit Lake. Supervisors C. H. Graves, G. W. Glines; Clerk, R. C. Rice; Treasurer, Peter Loos; Assessor, L. M. Stearns, and minor offi- cials were principally from Summit village. Their leader was W. H. Pool, who fought the first attempt to organize Parrish township before the state legisla- ture. OFFICERS OF SUMMIT TOWNSHIP, 1886-1923. CHAIRMEN. W. H. Pool, 1886-88; George H. Jones, 1888-95; J. Cummings, 1895-98; C. J. Dore, 1898-1900; Charles Anderson, 1900-01; Joseph Hufnagel, 1901-02; Wen- zel Wildman, 1902-06; C. J. Dore, 1906-07; Wenzel Wildman, 1907-08; John L. Steger, 1908-09; Wenzel Wildman, 1909-12; John Fritsch, 1912-15; George E. King, 1915-18; John Fritsch, 1918-23. CLERKS. R. C. Rice, 1886-87; A. W. Service, 1887-88; John Cummings, 1888-89; Thomas Griese, 1889-90; William West, 1890-91; Frank Nilber, 1891-92; E. W. Nickels, 1892-93; George Bremer, 1893-94; C. J. Dore, 1894- 98; Wencel Wildman, 1898-1902; George L. Zagel, 1902-10; John Callsen, 1910-23. 248 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. TREASURERS. Peter Loos, 1886-88; A. Wildman, 1883-91; Carl Shadewald, 1891-92; F. Schauer, 1892-93; Charles Shadewald, 1893-94; Stephen Simon, 1895-1909; Robert Cummings, 1909-12; Eugene E. Hurlbutt, 1912- 13; George L. Zagel. 1913-20; Wenzel Wildman, 1920- 23. ASSESSORS. L. M. Stearns, 1886-87; Thomas Griese, Anton Wildman, 1887-88; Phillip Ryan, 1888-95; Wenzel Wildman, 1895-98; Thomas Griese, 1898-99; E. S. Brooks, 1900-01; C. J. Dore, 1901-02; George Herbst, 1903-08; Conrad Hauenstein, 1908-11; John Fritsch, 1911-12; Jacob C. Raess, 1912-13; Conrad Hauenstein, 1913-14; George E. King, 1914-15; Conrad Hauenstein, 1915-16; John Fritsch, 1916-18; Jacob C. Raess, 1918- 19; John F. Steger, 1919-21; Conrad Hauenstein, 1921- 22; Jacob C. Raess, 1922-23. SUPERVISORS. C. H. Graves, G. W. Glines, 1886-87; T. R. Beyer, J. H. Jones, 1887-88; Carl Shadewald, Frank Schauer, 1888-89; George Bremer, Carl Shadewald, 1889-90; H. Ebner, Thos. Griese, 1890-91 ; George Bremer, Carl Dumjohn, 1891-92; George Bremer, C. Kannenberg, 1892-93; Frank Schauer, John Holland, 1893-94; George Herbst, Joseph Hufnagel, 1895-96; George Herbst, George Koch, 1896-97; Conrad Hauenstein, George Zagel, 1898-99; John Strobel, Conrad Hauen- stein, 1900-01 ; George Gnahn, Lawrence Larson, 1901- 02; Abe Holland, John L. Steger, 1903-04; John L. Steger, Carl Dumjohn, 1904-05; John L. Steger, Thom- as Griese, 1905-06; John Strobel, Carl Dumjohn, 1906- 07; John L. Steger, Wilbert Sparks, 1907-08; George Strobel, George Gnahn, 1908-09; George Strobel, Wal- lie Holland, 1909-10; C. A. Shadewald, Wallie Hol- lands, 1910-11; Hans Dehorn, C. A. Shadewald, 1911- 13; Otto Bergeman, C. A. Shadewald, 1913-14; George Strobel, Otto Bergman, 1914-15; George Strobel, Con- rad Simon, 1915-16; William Bergman, Andrew Pil- hofer, 1916-18; William Bergman, Frank Simon, 1918- 19; William Bergman, John Simon, 1919-22; George Strobel, Jr., William Bergman, 1922-23. JUSTICES. C. F. Graves, Herman Pohle, T. R. Beyer, 1886-87; P. W. Glines, 1887-89; R. C. Rice, E. S. Koepenick, 1887-88; C. J. Dore, L. M. Stearns, A. W. Nickel, 1888-89; Fred Kasten, 1889-91; John Herbst, Henry Ebner, 1889-90; A. W. Nickels, Frank Shauer, 1890- 91; Fred Kasten, Conrad Hauenstein, 1891-92; J. Mil- ler, J. Helmbrecht, 1892-93; Albert Leistikow, John Holland, 1893-94; Fred Kasten, Albert Leistikow, D. Bussiere and T. Lee, 1895-96; George Bremer, J. Mil- ler, 1896-97; Matt Kluball, Henry Buck, Richard Bru- mit, 1898-99; W. Fellows, Matt Kluball, 1900-01; Al- bert Knak, Fred Kasten, J. L. Steger, 1901-02; John Holland, Wenzel Wildman, H. Brandemihl, Matt Klu- ball, 1903-04; George Herbst, Matt Kluball, 1904-05; Henry Brendemihl, Wenzel Wildman, 1905-06; C. J. Dore, Wenzel Wildman, George Herbst, 1906-07; John Callsen, George Herbst, Wer.zel Wildman, 1907-08; Wenzel Wildman, George E. King, John Callsen, Wil- bur Sparks, 1908-09; Stephen Simon, George E. King, Wenzel Wildman, 1909-10; Wenzel Wildman, James S. Sparks, George E. King, 1910-11; James S. Sparks, George E. King, George L. Zagel, John Callsen, 1911- 12; John Callsen, E. E. Hurlbutt, 1912-13; George E. King, John Callsen, 1913-16; John Callsen, George L. Zagel, 1916-18; Floyd Hurlbutt, Fred Schadewald, 1918-19; G. Zagel, 1919-20; J. Callsen, 1920-21; Otto Bergman, 1921-22; John Callsen, 1922-23. CONSTABLES. Henry Ebner, William Knak, George Foyell, 1886- 87; H. Collin, H. Kunza, F. King, 1887-88; H. Plesch- ner, John Swoboda, 1888-89; August Sherman, C. Wildman, Carl Hammer and George Koch, 1889-90; Fred Teske, George Lindner, George Koch, 1890-91 ; George Gnahn, George Dindner, 1891-92; J. Kausch- inger, A. Sherman, 1892-93; Joseph Kauschinger, M. Teske, 1893-94; J. Herbst, A. Holland, 1895-96; George L. Zagel, George Hufnagel, 1896-97; John Strobel. George Trull, 1898-99; F. Kaskey, A. Wright, 1899-1900; C. J. Dore, Robert Hutchinson, 1900-01; William Pufall, Edward Zagel, 1901-02; E. Zagel, August Zelm, 1902-03; George Gnahn, Abe Holland, 1903-04; Edward Zagel, Carl Dumjohn, 1904-05; George Gnahn, George Trull, 1905-06; George Trull, William Knopp, 1906-07; Wallie Holland, William Knopp, 1907-1908; C. G. Simon, John F. Steger, 1908- 10; Conrad G. Simon, George Strobel, Jr., 1910-11; George Strobel, Jr., Andrew Pilhofer, 1911-12; John Exford, Edward Lackerman, 1912-lS; John Strobel, Henry Oldenberg, 1913-14; Julius Bergman, Floyd Hurlbutt, 1914-15; Hugh Lee, Floyd Hurlbutt, 1915- 16; Julius Bergman, Floyd Hurlbutt, 1916-17; John Fritsch, Bart Tichacek, Fay O'Brien, 1917-18; Fred Schadewald, Floyd Hurlbutt, 1918-19; Julius Berg- man, 1919-20; R. Kluball, F. O'Brien, 1920-21; J. Fritsch, Andrew Kielhofer, 1921-22; John Fritsch, Leonard Hauenstein, 1922-23. DISTRICT NO. 1. SLEEPY HOLLOW DISTRICT. When the first settlers arrived in the Callsen district John Cummings, who emigrated from Aberdeen, Scotland, took up 160 acres of homestead land in 1883 on section 19 of South Summit township. Following him came Frank and Anton Wildman, who settled on sections 17 and 19 re- spectively. They also arrived in 1883. Other pioneer settlers were Robert and John Holland who took up land on sections 19 and 30 respectively. It was not but a short time before other settlers arrived. Frank Kursts and Thomas Griese came into the district and settled on section 30. In 1884 Conrad Dore moved into the district taking a location in the northeast part of section 32. Phillip Atkins came at the same time establishing himself on section 29. He homesteaded the south quarter of the section. The first school in the district was a log cabin erect- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 249 ed on the Robert Cummings property in southeastern section 19. Miss Emma Dore was the first teacher. Six pupils were in attendance. The log school was used for many years until a frame building was erect- ed on section 29. The 1921-22 school officials were Robert Cummings, Clerk; Wenzel Wildman, Treasur- er, and Otto Bergman, Director. This district has an area of 5,600 acres of land. Sections 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 29, 30, 31 and all of sec- tion 32 except the southeast quarter are in its limits. It was once known as District No. 5. Their are many sections of the district not inhabit- ed. Those parts where settlers have cleared farms is modern and progressive. Telephones, rural free delivery, splendid county roads, all aid in the general advancement of the district. But few of the original settlers still reside here. Most of them have moved away or are now dead. The soil of Sleepy Hollow is chiefly Spencer silt loam, with a little peat. The Pine river runs through section 33, nearby. (Section 33 is in district No. 3.) The Lutheran cemetery of Bavaria is located in this district in section 16. DISTRICT NO. 2. SUNNY SLOPE DISTRICT comprises all of sec- tions 15, 21, 22, 27, 28, the west half of section 36, all of sections 33, 34, 35 and the southeast quarter of sec- tion 32 in South Summit township, embracing an area of land containing 5,600 acres. It received its name from the picturesque slope on which the district school is located. The first settlers to homestead arrived in the dis- trict in 1884. Carl Dumiohn, Frank Tomany, George Zagel, Stephen Simon and son, C. G. Simon, August Zelm, Henry Zelm, George King (now a resident of Rocky Glen district), Michael Pilhofer, John Strobel, Julius Bergman, Conrad Hauenstein and A. Leistikow came into the district between 1884 and 1888. The first settlers had to walk to Dudley for provi- sions and for many years mail was hauled over poor trails and marshy roads to the settlement. Mr. Simon was the pioneer mail carrier, who would go to Dudley and return three times a week with the government mail. The first school was located on section 28 in 1889. Meanwhile Albert Leistikow sold the school district a building for school purposes. An acre of ground was secured from Stephen Simon at a cost of $5. The school was 16x20 feet and the floor of rough pine lum- ber. It was ready for the fall term of 1889. Fred Kasten, Stephen Simon and Frank Nibler were the first Director, Treasurer and Clerk of the district. Fred Kasten, Frank Nibler and Frank Tomany were in charge of the building of the first school. Early teach- ers were Lizzie Griese, Celema M. Lavague, Mary Higgins, Emma Molzberger, A. M. Bessey, Elma M. Snyder, Margaret Slover, Miss Filby, Nellie Boyle, Lottie Hinch, Emma Nordman, Nellie Tracy. The 1922-23 teacher was Eleanor Greeland. The 1922- 23 school officials were C. G. Simon, Clerk; J. L. Steger, Director; G. M. Simon, Treasurer. In 1898 a second log school was built on land leased from George Zagel, who received $27 for clearing it. This site was the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 27. Here a school was built at a cost of $300. It was 22x32 feet in dimensions. Ste- phen Simon erected it for the district. It was used until the modern school of red brick was built by C. D. Clark at a cost of $4,400. He was awarded the con- tract March 5, 1917. The school officials when the new school was erect- ed were C. G. Simon, J. L. Steger and George Zagel, Clerk, Director and Treasurer in order given. BAVARIA is the chief settlement of the district. A post office was opened in 1906 with Stephen Simon as postmaster. The office was retained until rural free delivery was secured in the district. May 1, 1921. It is route No. 1 from Gleason, Wis. Bavaria was nam- ed after the kingdom of Bavaria, which next to Prus- sia, was the second largest state in the once German Empire. Many of the settlers came from that state. A Lutheran Evangelical church is located on the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of section 21, just opposite the town hall. The Lutheran minis- ter from Gleason serves the community. Fred Molzberger opened a general store at Bavaria on section 34 in 1913. In 1920 it was moved to sec- tion 32 where it is now operated. Floyd Hurlbutt of Parrish, continuation district No. 1, erected a mill on section 34 in 1915. He sold it in 1917 to Fred Molzberger, who, after running for two years, sold it to Doering Brothers. It was then moved to Doering, Wis., a nearby village. The only saw- mill now in the district is owned by Ed. Walberger. It is located on section 33. He came to the district in May, 1922. A cheese factory, located on the southwest quarter of the southwest quarter of section 34 was erected many years ago. It changes ownership frequently. The S. Webster and the C. W. Matt stores are near- by but are located on sections in Vilas township, across the main highway. The Lutheran cemetery nearby is in Sleepy Hollow district. The Summit township hall is located on the north- west quarter of the northwest quarter of section 22 in this district. It has been repaired many times. It is located on highway "H." The thrift and progressive traits of the settlers are reflected in their fine farms and modern buildings. DISTRICT NO. 3. ROCKY GLEN DISTRICT. Much of this region is still unsettled and great tracts of timber still stand within its boundaries. Lumbering and logging has been the principal industry. This district was set off in 1899, ten years after the first log school was erect- ed. April 12, 1889, the first school district was creat- ed. Many of the early settlers homesteaded in 1886. William Knak, George Koch, Carl Shadewald, John Gnahn, Herman Pohl, S. Bruckner, George Hufnagel, Joseph Hufnagel, George Herbst, John Herbst, George 250 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. and John King, and Frank Kowsky and others all were early settlers. The first school, log cabin, was erected in 1889 on section 11. It was a 16x20 cabin. Karl Hammer erected the first school, it being completed September 20, 1889. The school ground was leased from Charles Schadewald. The school ground was cleared by Joseph Hufnagel. G. T. Conant, the first teacher, received $30 per month salary. Other early teachers were Emma Ketner, second teacher; others were: Anna D. C. Gropp, Emma Nordman, Emma Gleason, Jane Reader, Nellie Boyle, V. R. Berkman, Agnes Camic, and Albert Boettcher. The 1922-23 teacher was Echo Robbins. Wilhelm Knak, John Herbst and George Koch were the first Director, Treasurer and Clerk of this district. Eight children attended the first school. In 1903 John King erected the frame school now used, section 11, at a cost of $800. The building is 26x36 and 12 feet high. The job was let to Mr. King, August 13, 1902. The old log school was then sold July 21, 1902, to J. King at $1.55. The Langlade Lumber Company has been instru- mental in bringing in many new settlers into the dis- trict, they having located 145 settlers in their cut-over lands thus far. The district soil is chiefly Spencer silt loam, Glou- cester sandy loam and in the marshy areas peat is found, more noticeable at the intersection quarter post of sections 1, 2, 11 and 12. The region is hilly and rocky. In 1923 a new road from this district to Summit Lake will be constructed. Many old logging roads, old railroad beds and wrecked camp sites are still visible. DISTRICT NO. 4. CALLSEN DISTRICT. The year Antigo was di- vided into two camps as a result of an unsuccessful attempt to incorporate it as a city, a man, full of de- termination and energy, staked a homestead for him- self in the wild virgin forest of this district. This man, Frank Lee, was not long a solitary mortal in the region of pine and hardwood forests. Two years later, in 1885, Stedson and Christopher Callsen, taking with them their worldly belongings, left Milwaukee, Wis- consin, to make a home in that land, which has been the choice of the interpid Frank Lee. Others who followed were Edward Rosbach, Charles Haasman, Otto and Bernard Holtman, Alfred Wright, Gustav Brendemihl, Henry Brendemihl and Conrad De Horn, all sturdy pioneers of the new north. The Callsen district comprises all of sections 7, 8, 9 and the west half of section 10, all of section 4, 5 and 6, the west quarter of section 3, a small strip of sections 1, 2 and 3 of South Summit township and all of sections 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 of North Summit to- gether with the south halves of sections 25 to 30 inclu- sive. The district has an area of 11,568 acres. The district has three types of soil, Gloucester sandy loam, Spencer silt loam and peat. This district was organized in 1887 as a part of Elcho township and remained as such until 1890 when Par- rish township was detached from Elcho. Then it was organized as District No. 1 and for nine years it re- mained in that status until 1899, when upon the reor- ganization of Summit township it became district No. 4, by which it is now known. After preparing their homesteads for crops, building their log cabins and opening up some communication with the outside world, the pioneer settlers turned their attention to education of their children. In the year 1886 a log school was erected at the quarter post of sections 29 and 32. Ten children attended from the Haasman, Callsen and Rosbach families and were taught by Miss Lizzie Giese. Seven years later the log school gave way to the first frame school, erected in 1893 on the northeast corner of section 31. Miss Emma Castellion was the first teacher in charge. Frank Lee, Clerk; Detlof Callsen, Director, and Ed. Rosbach, Treasurer, had charge of the first school ac- tivities in this district in 1887. The 1922-23 school officials were John Callsen, a son of Detlof Callsen, as Clerk; Henry Brendemihl as Treasurer and Halvor Granum of Director. Miss Laurette Friebel was the 1922-23 teacher. In October, 1916, the frame school was destroyed by fire. The children were housed temporarily in a log building nearby. School opened in 1917 in a mo- dern $5,600 brick school erected by the Frazer Lum- ber Company of Appleton. It is on the site of the old frame structure, section 31. Early teachers in this territory were Anna Jensen, Alice Huntington, Martha Marsilliot, Jesse Waste, Blanche Kilkelly, Florence Bunton and Jeannie Lang. There is one stream of importance in Callsen dis- trict, Haymeadow Creek. Pioneer loggers were The Prairie River Lumber Company, J. C. Hollis and Paul Krueger, or The Par- rish Lumber Company, Detlof and Christopher Call- sen and John Callsen. The office of the Summit township clerk, John Call- sen, is in this district. The district presents a vivid contrast today to that time in 1885 when the first settlers had to walk to El- cho, a hamlet in the wilderness, for provisions, flour and other necessities. Now it has splendid farms, tele- phones, splendid residences and while highways are few those that are found are good. The region is steadily forging ahead. CONTINUATION DISTRICT NO. 1. PARRISH DISTRICT. The village of Parrish is situated in the extreme northwestern part of Langlade County, 32 miles from Antigo, County Seat. It is in the heart of one of the great lumbering regions of pioneer days, and in fact is yet important because of that industry. It received its name in honor of Judge J. K. Parrish of the 10th Wisconsin Judicial Circuit of 1889. Jule Edwin, first settler, located at the site now used as a hotel by Andrew Kuhl. Mr. Edwin erected the first store in the village for Brooks & Ross Lumber 1 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 251 Company. Mr. Edwin was followed by Andrew Kuhl, who because of permanent residence has been termed the first permanent settler. While the Brooks & Ross Lumber Company had their extensive lumber operations in the region Par- rish became a thriving settlement of fifty-eight famil- ies. In 1888 it was divided into three districts con- sisting of French, German and Swedes. These sec- tions were known as Frenchtown, Germantown and Swedetown. Frenchtown was located north of the Prairie river, while the other two groups lived on the south side. The first school district was created in 1890. The school, a frame building, was erected or the nf^rth- The Parrish school is one of the best in the county. Three teachers are employed. The 1922-23 teachers were the Misses Ethel Gallop, principal, and Gerda Tiller and Elna Augustead, assistants. Elm City, Lincoln County, is located near Parrish. An old sawmill site is the only monument left as a memory of that place. The great sawdust pile, remin- iscent of an industry that has passed, is covered with wild plants and good sized trees are growing at its top. The soil adjacent to Parrish consists of Gloucester fine sandy loam and Gloucester sandy loam, rolling "-ha^e. This district is hilly and rolling generally. THE PRESENT PARRISH SCHOOL which was trected over thirty years after the creation of the lirst school district in which the village of Parrish was included. west quarter of the southeast quarter of section 19. Miss Ruschlow was the first teacher. Among the pu- pils were Margaret De Horn and Annie Kuhl. With the construction of a track from Pratt Junc- tion to Parrish contact with the main route of the Chi- cago & Northwestern railroad was made possible. Parrish thrived for years during the pine timber con- quest. It declined from then, however, until 1904. The Parrish Lumber Company, owned by J. O. Hollis and L. Krueger of Wausau, gave employment to many people. C. O. Robinson once was interested in the concern also. The Hurlbutt-Tillman Lumber Com- pany now operate a mill, general store and a planing mill in the village. Floyd Hurlbutt is in active man- agement. Parrish district consists of sections 1 to 24 inclu- sive and the north halves of sections 25 to 30 inclusive, all in North Summit township (Township 34, N., R. 9 E.) The Prairie River Lumber Company saw, planing and shingle mills were erected in 1888. Barney Daugherty had charge of constructing the mills and George F. Rice supervised the work. The sawmill was 120x67 feet, had two band saws, one of which was a combined band and rotary saw. It also was equipped with a gang edger, a slasher and trimmer. Lumber capacity was approximately 90,000 ft. per day, 125,000 shingles per day and 25,000 lath per day. D. Mc- Gillis was the first manager. The mill first opened February 18, 1889. 252 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER XLIX. Upham Township No. 33 N., R. 10-11 E. Location — Boundaries — Government Survey — Organization in 1894 — First Township Assemblage — Why Ujiham Was Organized — Named After Then Governor-Elect William H. Upham — Early Roads — Town Hall — Last Boundary Changes — Settlements With Neva And Summit — Lakes and Streams — Early School Districts — Officials of Upham from 1895 to 1923 — Summit Lake Vil- lage — Lake Shore Railroad in 1881 — Bingham & Perrin Store — E. S. Koepenick Early Store- keeper — W. J. Empey Hotel — Lumbering — Early Postmasters — Schools of District — Present School Erected in 1906 — Destructive Fire in 1910 — Bass Lake — Koepenick District, Named in Honor of E. S. Koepenick — Its History — Forest District — Early Settlers — Area of District — Schools — Lakes, Soil, Roads — District No. 8 — Organization — Settlers — Officers. Upham township lies immediately south of Elcho township, in congressional townships 33, north of Ranges 10 and 11 east. It is bounded on the north by Elcho township, on the south by Neva and Peck townships, on the east by South Ainsworth township and on the west by South Summit township. It is thus situated centrally and favorably among many beauti- ful lakes and the scenery about these lakes is incom- parable. West Upham was surveyed in October, 1860, by H. C. Fellows, U. S. Deputy Surveyor. East Up- ham was surveyed by U. S. Deputy Surveyor H. C. Fellows at the same time. Upham township has a diversified surface and pre- sents to the homeseeker all variations of land, from the steep hillside to the low level marsh lands. Its natural resources, gravel and sand deposits, valuable timber, rich soil, springs of crystal pure water, wild fruits and wild game — all these were valuable assets to the pioneer homesteaders and land purchasers. PURPOSE OF ORGANIZATION. Upham township was created November 16, 1894, by the Langlade County Board in response to a peti- tion from settlers from the original town of Summit and that part of Upham township previously in Neva township. The township was named in honor of Gover- nor-elect Wm. H. Upham, Wisconsin's chief executive from January 7, 1895, to January 4, 1897. Township 33, North of Range 10 was detached from Summit township, with the exception of sections 32 and 33. Sections 34, 35 and 36 of Township 34, north of Range 10 East were also detached from Summit and Town- ship 33, North of Range 11 was detached from Neva township to form the new township. The voting precinct was established by a town- ship resolution at Summit Lake. The ordinance did not take effect until the April, 1895, town meeting. Philipp Ryan, Frank Schauer and George Bremer were chosen the first inspectors of election of Upham. H. G. Borgman, George Jones and Fred Jacobus, county solons, were selected to effect a settlement between Neva, Summit and the new township. November 7, 1894, a petition was sent to the mem- bers of the County Board requesting the new township for two reasons: 1. There were no roads to travel the polls. 2. It required three days for some settlers to get from their homes to a town meeting, one day to go to polls, one day to attend town meeting and another to return home. The settlers did not wish to leave their families in the wilderness alone. The east part of Summit township charged that the west part of the township (as it then existed) secured larger appropriations for roads and schools by reason of a greater population. The Neva township petition's charges were the same. This petition was signed by J. J. Hanson, Peter Person, John Hedin, George Bre- mer, H. G. Harwood, Abe C. Alesond, M. B. Millard, 0. C. Bardwell, Frank Schauer, Mike Haney, Thomas Haney, A. F. Franz, August Sharman, Frank Pillar, Charles Gehrke, Henry Ebner, John Miller, John Shuh, Phillip Ryan, Dave Woodmansee, Peter Loos, J. H. Andritz, J. H. Gibson, B. G. Olson, C. H. Calk- ins, Joseph Hasep, James Hurlbutt, George Hoover, John Murphy, John Shuh, Jr., Sib. Leidheisl, H. Biel- be, Wenzel Niesbauer, Donat Kille, Pins Milsbauer and Otto Christsen. FIRST TOWN MEETING. The first town meeting was held April 2, 1895. N. B. Millard was temporary chairman and J. J. Hanson temporary clerk. Charles Gehrke was selected clerk of election and John Miller and Peter Loos as bal- lot clerks. Otto Christensen, J. J. Hanson, Phillip Ryan, N. B. Millard, John Miller, Johannes Anschutz, James Hurl- butt, George Bremer, Chas. Gehrke, P. Loos and Frank Schauer petitioned the meeting to include the question of township school government in the election. The petition was granted. The school district system was adopted. The resolution granting the petitioners' prayer was the first one adopted by the Upham township officials. Phillip Ryan was elected the first township chairman and J. J. Hanson, first township clerk. The township was divided into two road districts, May 18, 1895. The first road petition was signed by J. J. Hanson, Frank Schauer, Peter Loos, John Miller, George Bre- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 253 mer, Mike Haney and F. Pillar, who asked for a road from the northeast corner of section 24 running south to the southeast corner of said section of township 33, range 10, May, 1895. The road was authorized June 3, 1895. The road to Koepenick was built in 1895. The Koepenick-Kempster road was built in the fall of 1895 after a special town meeting was held authoriz- ing a loan of $500 to finance the project. The money was borrowed from the Bank of Antigo. The first highway overseers of the township were appointed May 10, 1895, and were John Miller, Dis- trict No. 1, and Donat Killes, District No. 2. George Bremer was the first to receive a license to retail intoxicating liquors "in quantities of less than one gallon," June 25, 1895. ( Saloons were operated before this as early as 1882.) The license fee was $100 per annum. TOWN HALL. March 16, 1897, voters of Upham requested town officials to include the question of raising $75 for a town hall to be submitted to the electorate, April 6. 1897. The officers purchased lot 8 of block No. 5, Summit Lake, for $45. The building thereon was used as the first town hall. The vote on the town hall question re- sulted in 22-1 in favor of purchasing the property, rather than building a new town hall. The first meet- nig in the "town house" was held June 28, 1897. It was used but a short time. At the annual meeting in 1899 the town hall matter was up again. The super- visors voted to appropriate $100 for a town hall of which $25 was to be applied on the old town hall in- debtedness. The first session was held April 11, 1899, in the second town hall. LAST BOUNDARY CHANGES. The reader will recall that sections 34, 35 and 36, Township 34, Range 10 East were attached to Upham township November 16, 1894. These sections were detached from Upham and joined to Elcho township in November, 1902. Sections 31, 32 and 33, Township No. 33, of Range 10 East were taken from Summit township and attached to Upham. These two changes squared but every township in Langlade County. The request for detaching sections 31, 32 and 33 of Town- ship 33, Range 10 East was signed by Henry Buck, Thomas Griese, John L. Meyer, George Gnahn, Julius Bergman, Leo Nagel, Joseph Hufnagel, Conrad Hauen- stein, Andrew Kuhl, George Zagel, ioseph King, Steph- en Simon, Carl Dumjohn, F. Nibbler, G. Strobel, George Herbst, Henry Oldenberg, Michael Pilhofer and C. J. Dore. SETTLEMENTS WITH NEVA-SUMMIT. George H. Wunderlich, Phillip Ryan, John Gum- ming, Fred Jacobus and John Jansen, committee se- lected by the county board, made a satisfactory set- tlement between Neva and Upham, August 10, 1895, and between Summit and Upham, July 19, 1895. The statement of settlement was filed with J. J. Hanson, Upham township clerk, August 10, 1895. Upham township has many streams and lakes. The headwaters of the east branch of the Eau Claire river runs through sections 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35 in East Upham township. The Hunting river runs through the northeast part of East Upham township through sections 1, 2 and 3. Lakes in East Upham township are: Four small lakes in section 31, Noboken Lake, Lack Lake, High Lake, Low Lake, Game Lake, Pence Lake. In the West Upham township the west branch of the Eau Claire has its headwaters in sections 7, 8, 18, 19, 30, 29, 32. Numerous other rivulets and streams are found. Bass Lake, Summit Lake, Part- ridge Lake, Duck Lake, Dynamite Lake and Lower Bass Lake are the principal lakes. The C. & N. W. railroad runs through sections 1 and 12 of West Upham township and a branch line (Bass Lake branch) runs through sections 12, 14, 15, 9, 8, 7 and 18, West Upham. In East Upham the main line runs on the west through sections 31, 30, 19, 18 and 7. May 10, 1895, Upham township was divided into two school districts as follows: District No. 1, the north half of township 33, range 10 and sections 34, 35 and 36, township 34, range 10, all of the north half of township 33, range 11, except the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of section 18 of said town. District No. 2 consisted of the south half of township 33, range 11 east and the southeast quarter of the southwest quarter of section 18 of said town, and all of the south half of township 33, range 10 east except sec- tions 31 and 32. The districts have been changed fre- quently and the present boundaries are found in the review of each separate district. OFFICERS OF UPHAM TOWNSHIP, 1895-1923. CHAIRMEN. Phillip Ryan, 1895-97; Frank Schauer, 1897-99; E. S. Koepenick, 1899-1900; Frank Schauer, 1900-01; E. S. Koepenick, 1901-02; J. J. Hanson, 1902-03; E. S. Koepenick, 1903-05; Frank Schauer, 1905-07; George Durler, 1907-11; A. W. Klever, 1911-12; L. W. Filyes, 1912-14; A. W. Klever, 1914-15; L. W. Filyes, 1915- 16; Walter Gehrke, 1916-17; Wm. Pheister, 1917-18; J. T. Beattie, 1918-19; Wm. Pheister, 1919-21; George Durler, 1921-23. SUPERVISORS. Henry Ebner, James Hurlbutt, 1895-96; Henry Eb- ner, Donat Kille, 1896-97; P. Person, Henry Ebner, 1897-98; F. Piller, P. Person, 1898-99; P. Person, J. Miller, 1899-1900; Ike Fletcher, John Miller, 1900-01; Henry Albrecht, Andrew Bovee, 1901-02; Wolfgang Raith, Henry Albreht, 1902-03; A. W. Klever, George Bremer, 1903-05; P. Person, George Bremer, 1905-06; George Durler, Walter Gehrke, 1906-07; Wolfgang Raith, Edward Nutt, 1907-08; Edward Nutt, George Bremer, 1908-09; J. S. Colwell, C. S. Weyenberg, 1909- 10; Michael Raith, John Miller, 1910-11; Emil Person, Michael Raith, 1911-12; Walter Gehrke, Emil Person, 1912-14; Emil Person, Ormond Jones, 1914-15; Frank Long, Walter Gehrke, 1915-16; S. U. Tucker, Wm. 254 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Pheister, 1916-17; 0. J. Jones, Robert A. Seering, 1917-18; G. E. Fumal, Emil Person. 1918-19; George Quick, G. E. Fumal, 1919-20; George Quick, G. E. Fu- mal, 1920-22; George Quick, George Grossman, 1922- 23. CLERKS. J. J. Hanson, 1895-96; M. Haney, 1896-97; J. J. Hanson, 1897-98; George Bremer, 1898-99; Frank Schauer, 1899-1900; H. Kunze, 1900-01; Charles Gehr- ke, 1901-02; Frank Schauer, 1902-03; T. C. Laughlin, 1903-04; A. Gallenberger, 1904-05; W. Dresser, 1905- 06; A. E. Butler, 1906-07; L. W. Filyes, 1907-12; Rus- sell Knight, 1912-16; John Kunza, 1916-17; Richard Beattie, 1917-18; John E. Kunza, 1918-19; Harold Mattmiller, 1919-21; J. J. Hanson, 1921-22; Stedner Snowden. 1922-23. TREASURERS. Johannes Anschutz, 1895-97; 0. C. Bardwell, 1897- 1900; J. J. Hanson, 1900-02; A. Gallenberg, 1902-07; J. J. Hanson, 1907-08; E. S. Koepenick, 1908-09; Robert Seering. 1909-12; J. J. Hanson, 1912-13; A. W. Klever. 1913-14; P. H. Rasmussen. 1914-17; Russell Knight. 1917-18; H. C. Rasmussen, 1918-19; L. G. Cunningham, 1919-20; Aurel Koepenick, 1920-22; John E. Kunza, 1922-23. ASSESSORS. Frank Schauer, 1895-97; Charles Palmer, 1897-98; P. Ryan, 1898-1903; F. Metcalf, 1903-04; Charles Gehrke, 1904-06; A. Klever, 1906-11; Henry Albrecht, 1911-13; Charles Gehrke, 1913-14; Henry Albrecht, 1914-16; Charles Gehrke, 1916-18; Fred Kalkofen, 1918-19; George Durler. 1919-20; Charles F. Gehrke, 1920-21; Orvis Vaughn, 1921-23. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. O. F. Frantz, 0. C. Bardwell, E. S. Koepenick, Don- at Kille, 1895-96; George Bremer, John Miller, 1896- 97; Henry Ebner, 1897-98; F. Schauer, J. J. Hanson, 1898-99; A. Gallenberg, H. Ebner, 1900-01; E. S. Koe- penick, John Parker, 1901-02; A. Gallenberg, A. L. Ross, 1903-04; H. S. Wunderlich, Henry Albrecht, Wm. Craig, 1904-05; L. W. Filyes, W. Gallenberg, 1905-06; A. Gallenberg, George Bremer, 1906-07; Mar- tin Steinert, L. W. Filyes, 1907-08; Martin Steinert, J. S. Colwell, C. H. Turner, A. W. Klever, 1908-09; J. J. Hanson. J. S. Colwell. P. Person, R. A. Seering, 1909- 10; John Miller, R. A. Seering, John Miller, 1910-11; R. A. Seering, A. W. Klever, John Kunza, Joseph Clough, 1911-12; E. S. Koepenick, L. W. Filyes, 1912- 13; John Kunza, A. W. Klever, 1913-14; P. H. Rasmus- sen, Peter Stengl, 1914-15; C. H. Turner, P. H. Ras- mussen, 1915-16; J. C. Young, George A. Bremer, 1916-17; J. W. Chevalier, Herman Kunza, 1917-18; Al- bert Kelly, Charles Gehrke, 1918-19; James Therio, 1919-20; Fred Muzzy, George Bremer, 1920-21; Wil- liam Melchect, Joseph Villus, 1921-22; Howard Pruyn, W. Boucher, 1922-23. CONSTABLES. Peter Loos, S. Leidheisl, 1895-96; J. Kauschinger, M. Haney, 1896-97; G. F. Young, J. Marsh, 1897-98; J. Kruzel, J. Kauschinger, 1898-99; John Ryan, Charles Gehrke, C. H. Turner, 1899-1900; C. Stannard, 1900- 01; Oscar Anderson, H. Weyenberg, 1901-02; James Austin. 1902-03; James Cherney. 1903-04; J. D. Mil- ler. William Cornish, William Craig, 1904-05; George Durler, William Cornish. William Craig. 1905-06; E. S. Koepenick, Michael Raith, 1906-07; James Crum- mey, J. S. Colwell, 1907-08; J. C. Nelson, William Craig, 1908-09; Walter Gehrke. 1909-10; George Wey- enberg, Henry Joyce. 1910-11; Charles Koehn, Peter Stengl. 1911-12; Frank Warner. J. E. Clough, 1912-13 0. Jones, 1913-14; Henry Joyce, 1914-15; Truman Rice. 1915-16; Truman Rice, Herman Kunza, 1916-17 John Eaton, 1917-18; J. W. Nutter, Henry Joyce, 1918- 19; Fred Kalkofen, John Nutter, John Stone, 1919-20 Henry Joyce. John Stone, 1920-21 ; Charles Gehrke N. Rasmussen, 1921-22; Dell Merriam, 1922-23 Charles Snowden, 1922-23. CON. DISTRICT NO. 1. SUMMIT LAKE DISTRICT. This is the princi- pal commercial district in Upham township and is also the oldest in point of permanent white habitation. The village received its name from the track laying officials of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad, who found it to possess the highest body of water in Wisconsin. With the railroad came the first hotel and a number of homeseekers. W. J. Empey came from Elmhurst with the railroad in 1881. He conducted the first hotel in the village. Other pioneer settlers were : Frank Schauer. Charles Gehrke, E. S. Koepenick, George Bremer, Mrs. Elizabeth Kunza, John Miller, Frank Pil- lar, Henry Ebner, Peter Loos, Art Nichols, Joseph Helmbrecht, Spencer Cole and Frank Schabel. Lumbering was the principal pioneer industry. In 1884, Wm. Pool, associated with Smith Brothers of Oshkosh, erected a sawmill in the district. It operated until 1888 when it was moved to Jeffries, Wisconsin. Edward Baird started a saw mill in 1884, but it never was completed. In later years the Paine Lumber Company and from 1915 to 1919 the Langlade Lumber Company had ex- tensive lumbering operations in the district. They had many camps and a company supply station at Bass Lake. A post office operated at Bass Lake for a short time also. The camps and store are now located in Pearson, Ainsworth township. The first store was erected at Summit Lake by Bing- ham 8f Perrin of New London, who acted as supply agents for the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western while track was laid in this vicinity. They sold in 1882 to E. S. Koepenick. who came to this village from Osh- kosh. John Gorman was the first Summit Lake postmaster. Others were: George Bremer, Mrs. Mary Sherman, E. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 255 S. Koepenick and Mrs. Elizabeth Kunza, present Post- mistress. Smith Brothers, and a Mr. Phife were pio- neer storekeepers, while Dan Hubbard was an early retail liquor vendor. The first school was erected in 1882 on Section No. 1 and was used for a number of years. It was moved to its present site one-fourth of a mile from the pres- ent school and was purchased by the Lutheran congre- gation of Summit Lake for church purposes. The modern Summit Lake school was erected in 1906 by 0. S. Sherwood at an approximate cost of $4,000. George Durler, Martin Steinert and Mrs. George Dur- ler were members of the school board when that build- ing was erected. It is located on section 1, east of the main C. & N. W. track. William Pool, — Nichols and Louis Stearn were early school board officials in this district. The 1922-23 school officers were : Peter Rass- mussen. Treasurer; Robert Seering, Director and Mrs. Henry Joyce, Clerk. 1922-23 teachers were Miss Susie Daily and Martha Weix, principal and assistant, re- spectively. In 1910 the most destructive fire in the history of this district occurred. The J. C. Nelson saloon, the Henry Joyce residence, and the George Bremer hotel were destroyed. A year later another fire occurred in which the old Wyenberg saloon and a hotel were des- troyed by fire. The Frank Schauer residence burned then also. Summit Lake district has an area of water in sec- tion 2 that has attained distinction as a summer resort. Hundreds of people from all over the nation come here in the summer months. Many beautiful summer homes border the lake, which has some of the finest bathing facilities known. Its natural beach is one of the best in northern Wisconsin. The town hall is situated in the village of Summit Lake. Present business places are : The Charles Snow- den grocery; Howard Payne restaurant, Warren Bouch- er, modern dance pavilion. The C. & N. W. Railroad station, John Kunza store, Post Office, George Bremer hotel, Stedner Snowden's hotel, pool room and grocery. Agriculture is the chief occupation of the settlers. Summit Lake cemetery is situated in the NE I/4 of section 2, Township 33, Range 10 East. The cemetery was recorded September 8, 1908, when George Durler was Chairman and L. W. Filyes, Clerk of Upham town- ship. Congregational and Lutheran church services are held in the village, by non-resident Pastors. A school was held at Bass Lake, section 12, when the Paine Lumber Company had headquarters there. Teachers were Margaret Healy, Irene Day, Mrs. M. Smith and Yarda Parson. The building was sold when the township was redistricted to Truman Rice. Koe- penick and Bass Lake schools were closed in 1913 when pupils from that territory were assigned to Sum- mit Lake school. A buss hauled the children to and fro. DISTRICT NO. 6. KOEPENICK DISTRICT. This district is situated in the central part of Upham township and consists of sections In both east and west Upham. It was one of the principal lumbering sections of the county in early days. When the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western push- ed north this district was one vast wilderness. Summit Lake was a hamlet with one or two prospectors within its present limits. Not until 1889 did Koepenick be- come a community as it now exists. In that year Andrew Bruette started a sav/ mill on section 18, Town- ship 33, Range 11 East. Three years later he sold to Henry Sherry of Neenah, who moved it to High Lake, Upham township. For eight years the industry ope- rated by Mr. Sherry. A. M. Millard of Antigo then took over the mill. He was succeeded by Henry Wun- derlich, who, after successfully operating, sold to Fleet & Thompson of Wausau, Wis. The mill was then dis- mantled and moved to Michigan. Early settlers were Orvis Vaughn, Peter Person, E. S. Koepenick, J. J. Hanson and others. E. S. Koepenick moved to section 18, Township 33, Range 11 East, where he opened a store in 1890. He purchased his land from Thomas Spalding of Osh- kosh. He was the first Postmaster of the village of Koepenick and continued as such until his death in 1914. He was then succeeded by Mrs. E. S. Koepe- nick, who is present Postmistress. Tlie first Koepenick school was erected In 1892 on section 19 and was built by Frank Krall and Joseph Hoshek. The first school board consisted of J. J. Han- sen, Peter Person and E. S. Koepenick. The pupils grew numerous and in 1903 a new structure was erect- ed on section 18 at a cost of $2,000. Knute Ander- son was the contractor. Early teachers were Ethel Cardin, Nettie Hanson, Anna Beard, Pearl Williams, Josephine Donohue, Mat- tie and Maud Morson, Harry Hopkins, Clara Willlard, Lizzie Daily and Laura Spencer. Doris Sisel was the teacher In 1921-22 and Miss Margaret Gillls In 1922- 23. Settlers in this district are Harold Mattmiller, R. W. Beattie, J. J. Hanson, Peter Person, Emil Person, Julius Mai, Frank Dempsey, Paul Tappia, John Bale, Orvis Vaughn, Harry Beach, Joseph Ruffle, Mrs. Henry Albright, Mrs. E. S. Koepenick and R. Harvey. This district was originally a part of District No. 2 created August 10, 1895. The 1922-23 school offi- cials were Mrs. E. S. Koepenick, Clerk; Emil Person, Director and Harold Mattmiller, Treasurer. DISTRICT NO. 7. FOREST DISTRICT. This school district was or- ganized June 22, 1917, by detaching parts of District No. 1, consisting of sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27, 28, 34 and 35, all in Township 23 North of Range 10 East, from District No. 1. The first district school meeting was held at the old Turner school house on the evening of July 2, 1917. C. H. Turner in accordance with a request from the town board notified Robert Quick, Frank Long, Minnie Tuck- er, John Tucker, Mrs. John Tucker, Helene Kasper, Louis Learman, M. Quick, George Quick, Bertha Quick, S. U. Tucker, Warren McDonald and Mr. and Mrs. 256 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. John Simmons of the proposed meeting. Accordingly Mrs. Robert Quick, Louis Learman and George Quick were elected Clerk, Treasurer and Director of the school district. The 1922-23 school officials were: August Klever, Clerk; Louis Learman, Treasurer; and C. H. Turner, Director. Miss Mabel Schultz was the 1922-23 teacher. Early teachers were Yarda Bronson, Mabel Earlinson, Rosella Armstrong, Irene Hoyt and Miss Hoffman. While this district is situated a number of miles west of Highway No. 39 and a distance from Kempster it has a good population, many of whom were early homesteaders. The early settlers who first came into this rolling country were : C. H. Turner, S. U. Tucker, Warren McDonald, Jesse Hess, Andrew Bovee, Feight Loomis, Robert Quick, Louis Learman, John Turner, George Quick and the Tinney family. Settlers now in this territory are H. A. Tromblie, Glenn Wolf, Wm. Adkins, Homer Shelley, John Tuck- er, August Klever, R. E. Tucker, Roy Tucker, Ted Patterson, James Tucker, Alvin Klever, C. H. Turner, S. U. Tucker, Warren McDonald, Jesse Hess, John yield of crops. This is an ideal region for plums and apples and C. H. Turner, Louis Learman, Robert Quick and Warren McDonald have taken advantage of the fact and have some fine orchards. They should give the region a reputation in future years. A strip of level land runs five to six miles north and south of the Kempster road and many log farm homes have been erected near it. Principal occupation is agri- culture. In the winter wood cutting, logging and trap- ping the wolf, fox and other animals, are the chief occupations. DISTRICT NO. 8. This district was organized in 1921 and consists of sections 23, 24, 25, 26, 35 and 36 of Township 33, Range 11 East. The territory was detached from dis- trict No. 6. It was necessary to undergo many hard- ships and inconveniences before the creation of dis- trict No. 8. Roads were few and the children were unable to get to the Koepenick school except with great difficulty. Accordingly a hearing was held and the township authorities established the new district. THE FOREST SCHOOL Of District Number T, Upliam township. Compare with log school house shown on page 37. Turner, Louis Learman and George and Robert Quick. The first log school, still standing on section 28, just a short distance from the modern school, was used until the present splendid school was erected by August Klever. (See photo on page 37.) There are more lakes within this region than any other like area in Langlade County. Among them are Horseshoe, Black Oak, Bass, Moses, Government Pond (a government lake). Sucker, Cranberry, Fish, Saddle- back, Snag, Partridge, Long (there are two Long Lakes, only one of which is in this district), Green Bass, Squaw, and Indian lake, all small bodies of water. The west end of the district is swampy. The soil consists principally of Gloucester sandy loam, Spencer silt loam, level phase, Merrimac silt loam and some peat. While vast stretches of the country is hilly and must yet be cleared, that which has been cleared and cultivated produces an abundant School was at once opened. The first officers, Mr. and Mrs. George Linsdau, Director and Clerk respec- tively, and Fred Moss, Treasurer, lost no time in ar- ranging suitable quarters for a temporary structure. An old frame camp (No. 6) of the Langlade Lumber Company was rented and was in use the 1921-22 ses- sion. The property is owned by the Rev. Fr. J. J. Kaster, New London, Wisconsin. A new school, mo- dern and complete, will be erected. The 1922-23 school officers are Mr. and Mrs. George Linsdau, Di- rector and Clerk, and Mrs. Fred Moss, Treasurer. There are now eight settlers in the district. Matt Schja, Herbert Lutey, Steven Lacib, James McDou- gal, Fred Moss, George Linsdau, Carl Firch and Louis Langlois. This territory was originally a part of the old dis- trict No. 2, organized August 10, 1895. Mrs. Emil Kramer was the first teacher in this district, 1921-22. « HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 257 CHAPTER L. Vilas Township No. 32 N., R. 9 E. Government Survey in 1860 — Named in Honcr of Governor Wm. F. Vilas — Area of Vilas — Bounda- ries — Drainage — Surface — Organized in 1886 — Detachments — First Inspectors of Election — Old Road Records — Township Officials, 1887-1823— Liberty Bell District — Area — Early Settlers — Its Boundaries — Present Officials — Good Luck District — Its Early Settlers — Once in Lincoln Coun- ty — Hardships of Pioneers — Road to Gleason in 1883 — First Log School — Principal Agricultural Products — 1922-23 Officials of Good Luck — Forest View District — Its Area — School Buildings — Settlers in 1877 — The Log Cabin Homes — Merrill, Nearest Supply Station — Last District Change in 1908 — 1922-23 Officers — Teachers — Elmwood District — Location of Elmwood — Early Settlers — First School in 1882 — Pioneer Teachers — Present School on Section 26 — Industries — Town- ship Hall— Soil— 1922-23 District Officers. Vilas township was surveyed in September, 1860, by H. C. Fellows, U. S. Deputy Surveyor. The survey commenced on September 21 and ended on September 27, 1860. The township was named in honor of Wil- liam Freeman Vilas, American lawyer and statesman, who was elected to the United States Senate from Wisconsin in 1891, served as Postmaster General and Secretary of the Interior under President Grover Cleve- land and has often been termed the state's most illus- trious Democrat. The township is located in the ex- treme west central part of the county and has an area of 23,040 acres or 36 square miles. It is situated in congressional township No. 32, Range 9 East, is bound- ed on the north by Summit township, on the south by West Ackley township, on the east by Peck township and on the west by Lincoln County. Vilas township is well watered and drained by the McCloud creek, flowing through sections 4, 5, 8, 18, 17, 19, 20, 29, 30 and 31. Pine river runs through sections 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 31 and 32. Pratt creek flows through the central part of the township. Many smaller rivulets and streams are also found. The surface is somewhat undulating. Originally it was covered with a heavy growth of timber, consist- ing principally of hemlock, birch, pine, oak, ash, maple, poplar and other native trees. The lumber in- dustry still exists in this township in isolated groves of forest products. The soil is not naturally as strong and fertile as some other townships, but with drain- age and proper cultivation abundant crops can be pro- duced. It is one vast area of Spencer silt loam, a small percentage of which is the level phase. Along the banks of the Eau Claire river (West branch) peat is found in small quantities. Vilas township is a haven for new settlers, many of whom immigrate to this western part of the county from European Countries and larger cities of the United States. ORGANIZED IN 1886. Vilas township was organized November 11, 1886, after a resolution written by J. H. Trever, then District Attorney, was passed by a 10-3 vote of the members of the Langlade County Board. It originally consisted of township 32 of both ranges 9 and 10 east. January 28, 1891, township 32 of range 10 was detached from Vilas township to form Peck township. The township has remained as one congressional township since then. W. H. Dawley, N. Bangs, J. H. Trever and Edward Daskam were members of the settlement committee appointed to ajudicate the affairs of the new township and Ackley. The petition for creation of Vilas was presented to the County Board April 17, 1886. Fifty- six settlers signed it. W. L. ACKLEY OPPOSED VILAS TOWNSHIP. The Vilas township petition to the County Board was followed by another remonstrating against any proposed division of Ackley township, until the set- tlers "knew better what they wanted" and was signed by W. L. Ackley, Charles Ackley, J. De Moss, G. F. Walch, Thomas Bagley, C. Vaughn, Edward Chey and G. W. Schaeffer. They charged that a division such as was proposed would leave the south township of Ackley with an open marshy territory and "old pine choppings that were almost worthless." The remon- strance succeeded in filing the detachment petition for one day, when it was again taken up, and turned over to the District Attorney, who drew up the ordinance at once. William Hampton, H. W. James and R. Tracy were selected as the first inspectors of election in the town- ship. The County Board designated the Morley post- office as the first polling station. The first election was held at the home of W. H. Hampton, section 35. Z. Space and R. Balch were chosen ballot clerks. Then the meeting adjourned to the school house of district No. 6. Seventy-one votes were cast for Chairman, Jonathan Reader receiving 57 and Z. Space 14; 142 votes were cast for Super- visor, of which George Kasper and C. H. Harder, the successful candidates, received 46 and 58 votes re- spectively, and Richard Tracey and Robert Simms 13 and 26 votes. Elisha Rinney was elected first 258 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. township clerk. Peter G. Beck, who later became the first Town Chairman of Peck, was chosen first Vilas Treasurer. A. J. Mittemore was elected Treasurer, re- ceiving 48 of 71 votes. William Fick, Nelson Shanks, John Hubbard and J. S. Hughes were elected first Justices. John Barber and Al Hayes were selected as the first law enforcers (Constables) of the new township. The new officials took their oaths April 12, 1887. The first act of the township officials was to raise $300 for roads and bridges. Five hundred dollars was appropriated for township and incidental expenses. The town clerk was voted a salary of $75 per year. Vilas was divided into eleven road districts which were in charge of Robert Sims, Thomas K. Johnson, W. R. Mason, Henry Fryer, John Darrow, Charles Wet- zel, Benjamin Miller, W. J. Hampton, E. D. Pratt and George Dufick, April 18, 1887. May 18, 1887, the Vilas township officials divided the town into seven school districts. Thomas K. John- son was notified to call a district school meeting for the purpose of electing school officials. Alterations took place each year until Peck township was detach- ed. Then the township was divided into four equal districts. OLD ROADS RECORDED. In 1887 the town officials authorized the clerk to place all highways legally laid out previously by Ack- ley or Pine River townships on the town records. Thus ten roads were recorded that were laid out be- tween 1879 and 1887 but were not placed on record. Thirty-one new highways have been authorized and laid out by Vilas since June 21, 1887, up to and in- cluding May 10, 1920. The B. Heinemann Lumber Company owns vast amounts of cut-over and timber lands in the township. VILAS TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, 1887 TO 1923. CHAIRMEN. Jonathan Reader, 1887-90; Richard Tracey, 1890- 91; W. J. Hampton, 1891-92; A. J. Mittimore, 1892- 93; W. J. Hampton, 1893-94; A. J. Mittemore, 1894- 97; H. 0. Johnson, 1897-98; W. J. Hampton, 1898- 1901; H. 0. Johnson, 1901-02; W. J. Hampton, 1902- 07; Alton Burtch, 1907-11; Charles Polar, 1911-12; Geo. Marshall, 1912-18; Charles F. Polar, 1918-21; William Weisshahn, 1921-23. CLERKS. Elisa Tinney, 1887-88; Ben Miller, 1888-90; W. R Mason, 1890-91; Ben Miller, 1891-92; Elisa Tinney 1892-97; J. Fred, 1897-98; Philander Power, 1898-99 Elisa Tinney, 1899-1900; Charles Lloyd, 1900-03 Elisa Tinney, 1903-06; Philander Powers, 1906-08 George Marshall, 1908-12; Ernest James, 1912-13 Leon Merry, 1913-17; Charles Lloyd, 1918-23. SUPERVISORS. C. H. Harder, George Kasper, 1887-88; Moritz Frie- bel, H. 0. Johnson, 1888-89; Moritz Friebel, Henry Fryer, 1889-90; J. W. Hampton, R. Sims, 1890-91; John Hubbard, B. F. Warner, 1891-92; Edwin Hayes, Moses Wildfang, 1892-93; Carl Wetzel, Moses Wild- fang, 1893-94; Edwin Hayes, Arnold Engles, 1894-95; Moses Wildfang, August Wolf gram, 1895-96; Moses Wildfang, John Aird, 1896-97; Geo. Kasper, B. Te- hatchie, 1897-98; E. Hayes, Fred Moltzberger, 1898- 1900; George Holland, Edwin Hayes, 1900-01; Arnold Engles, Henry Cone, 1901-02; Albert Rolo, P. Pow- ers, 1902-03; Richard Powers, 1902-03 (appointed); George Kasper, Michael Dufeck, 1903-04; Edwin Hayes, Levi Galligan, 1904-06; Edwin Hayes, Jacob Jerick, 1906-07; Henry Weisshahn, Michael Dufeck, 1907-08; Henry Weisshahn, Charles Hubbard, 1908- 09; Charles Hubbard, Levi Galligan, 1909-10; Henry Weisshahn, Edwin Hayes, 1910-11; Chas. Hubbard, P. Powers, 1911-12; Chas. Beyer, Michael Dufeck, 1912-13; Michael Dufeck, Shirley Morgan, 1913-14; Chas. Beyer, Michael Dufeck, 1914-15; Michael Du- feck, Shirley Morgan, 1915-16; Ava Smith, Jacob Jirik, 1916-17; J. Jirik, Charles Polar, 1917-18; Jacob Jirik, F. Weisshahn, 1918-19; F. Weisshahn, Levi Galligan, 1919-22; Henry Means, F. Weisshahn, 1922-23. TREASURERS. Peter G. Beck, 1887-91; H. 0. Johnson, 1891-94; Myron Lloyd, 1894-97; W. J. Hampton, 1897-98; Geo. Holland, 1898-99; H. O. Johnson, 1899-1901; A. Burtch, 1901 (appointed); A. Burtch, elected, 1901- 04; George Wheeler, 1904-08; H. O. Johnson, 1908-09; Charles Lloyd, 1909-14; Gust Ullman, 1914-16; John Yopes, 1916-18; A. J. Miller, 1918-19; James Lamb, 1919-20; Martin Strandberg, 1920-22; W. W. Scott, 1922-23; ASSESSORS. A. J. Mittimore, 1887-88; H. W. James, 1888-90; Walker Holland, 1890-91; Richard Tracy, 1891-92; H. W. James, 1892-93; Walker Holland, 1893-94; Ed- win Whitney, 1894-95; Edwin Hayes, 1895-97; A. En- gles, 1897-99; Charles Lloyd, 1899-1900; Henry Cone. 1900-01; Myron Lloyd, 1901-05; Alton Burtch, 1905- 06; Elisa Tinney, 1906-07; A. Engles, 1907-08; My- ron Lloyd, 1908-12; Elias Spurgeon, 1912-13; Wil- liam Weisshahn, 1913-18; Dan Hubbard, 1918-19; John Spurgeon, 1919-20; A. Engles, 1920-22; Martin Strandberg, 1922-23. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. John Hubbard, Wm. Fick, Z. Space, 1887-88; F. C. Fuller, Wm. Fick, J. Hubbard. 1888-89; W. R. Ma- son, 1889-91; Herman Iwen, Harvey Nye, 1889-90; John Hubbard, Harry Nye, H. Iwen, 1891-92; Henry Fryer, 1891-92; Harvey Nye. Ben Miller and John Hubbard, 1892-93; George Holland, Charles Lloyd, Ed Pratt. Moses Wildfang, 1896-97; H. 0. Johnson. Chas. Lloyd, 1898-99; Geo. Kasper, E. Tinney, 1900- 01; Edwin Hayes, P. Powers, A. J. Mittimore, 1901- 02; Charles Polar, P. Polar, P. Powers, Chas. Lloyd, 1903-04; Edward Pratt, Moses Wildfang, Richard Thomas and H. 0. Johnson, 1904-05; Chas. Lloyd. A. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 259 J. Mittimore, Geo. Holland and Chas. Polar, 1905-06; George Holland, Moses Wildfang, S. Brockway, A. J. Mittimore, 1906-07; J. Rousch, Edwin Hayes, George Marshall, 1907-08; Ernest James, Edward Pratt, John Rousch, 1908-09; Charles Polar, Philander Powers, Edwin Hayes and Chas. Beyer, 1909-10; John Yopes, Robert L. Hughes, Chas. Hubbard, Chas. Beyer, 1910-11; John Yopes, Edwin Hayes, Chas. Beyer, 1911-12; Chas. Hubbard, Mose Wildfang, 1912-13; George Warner, John Yopes, 1913-14; Chas. Wenzel, John Yopes, 1914-15; James Lamb, John Yopes, 1915- 16, Ralph Polar, W. Holland, 1916-17; F. Weisshahn, James Lamb, 1917-18; Wm. Weisshahn, Chas. Beyer, 1918-19; Wm. Fehrman, Jr., Fred Schultz, 1919-20; E. Hayes, H. Dittman, R. Barder, 1920-21 ; Leo Merry, Charles Hubbard, 1921-22; H. Space, Wm. Weiss- hahn, 1922-23. CONSTABLES. Al Hayes, John Barber, 1887-88; J. S. Hughes, John Hahn, J. G. Beardsley, 1888-89; Arnold Engles, John Maltby, 1889-90; Fred Powers, Fred Molzberger, Ed Hayes, 1896-97; A. Johnson, E. Tinney, 1898-99; J. Hess, John Marlowe, 1900-01 ; Chas. Polar, Henry Weisshahn, John Spurgeon, 1901-02; George Holland, John Marlowe, 1903-04; Ben Warner, R. Hess, 1904- 05; John Koenigs, George Dufeck, Charles Beyer, 1905-06; Michael Dufeck, Gustav UUman, 1906-07; Elisa Tinney, John Marleau, H. 0. Johnson, 1907-08; Orrin Hubbard, Wm. Eagons, 1908-09; Charles Pratt, William Weisshahn, 1909-10; Wm. Weisshahn, Er- nest James, 1910-12; Shirley Morgan, John Spurgeon, 1912-13; Wm. Eagons, Wm. Holland, 1913-14; Ava Smith, S. R. Morgan, 1914-15; James Lamb, John Yopes, 1915-16; Fred Weisshahn, James Lamb, 1916- 17; Edward Shanks, W. L. Todd, 1917-18; A. Weiss- hahn, Fred Schultz, Edward Zerkel, 1918-19; L. Merry, Wm. Weisshahn, 1919-20; S. A. Dillman, James Spur- geon, James Lamb, 1920-21 ; Harley Space, Ed Griffith, 1921-22; L. Merry, 1922-23. DISTRICT NO. 1. LIBERTY BELL DISTRICT is situated in the northeastern part of Vilas township. Its area consists of 5,760 acres of land or one-fourth of the township. The outline of the boundary commences at the north- east corner of section 1, thence running west on the township line between townships 32 and 33, to the west corner of section 3, thence south to the south- west corner of section 15, thence east to the southeast comer of section 13, thence north to the northeast cor- ner of section 1. District No. 1 is a part of original district No. 5 of Vilas, created May 18, 1887, and also of the second district of this region, District No. 1 of June 26, 1893. District No. 1 of 1893 consisted of all of its present area together with sections 4, 5, 6 and 9 of the present District No. 2. This district is bounded on the north by a part of Summit township, on the south by Ackley township, on the east by Peck township and on the west by Pine River township in Lincoln County. The first settlers in Liberty Bell district were Rich- ard Tracy, George Holland, E. I. Whitney, James Spur- geon, Arnold Engles and others. The 1922-23 teacher was Luella Joles. The school officials for 1922-23 were Martin W. Strandberg, Clerk; A. Engles, Director, and W. W. Scott, Treasur- er. DISTRICT NO. 2. GOOD LUCK DISTRICT. The boundaries of this district begin at the northeast corner of section 4, thence run west on the township line between town- ships 32 and 33 to the northwest corner of section 6, thence south to the southwest corner of section 18, thence east to the southeast corner of section 16, thence north to the northeast corner of section 4, em- bracing an area of nine square miles or 5,760 acres. Good Luck district was organized in May, 1908, and is a part of the old district No. 7 of 1887 and of old districts Nos. 1 and 6 of 1893. This region once was a part of Pine River township, Lincoln County, of Ackley township and then Vilas. Early settlers arrived in the district in 1881. George Dufeck, John Zema, and Joseph Zema came into the wilderness and cleared twenty to thirty acres each. Moses Wildfang settled at the same time in the north- western part of the district on section 5. Joseph Yin- dra followed, settling on section 8. Other pioneers were J. Jirik, settling on section 4; George Dufeck settled on section 6. Dan Hubbard, another early ar- rival, settled on section 7. B. Tichacek, another early settled, established his farm a mile and a half west of the Jirik farm. The Ourada farm, section 5, is the former Tichacek property. Most of the early settlers came over the rough trails and paths with yokes of oxen. They came either from Merrill or Wausau. In 1883 a road to Gleason was constructed. This opened up an avenue of communication with the out- side world, made trade relationship more agreeable and paved the way for the arrival of more settlers. The first log school was erected in 1891 and was used until 1909 when a frame school house was erect- ed on section 6. The enrollment averaged six to eight pupils in the earliest year. Pioneer teachers in this district were the Misses Molzberger, Gleason and Kett- ner. The 1921-23 teacher was Blanche Bonnell. The members of the 1922-23 school board were Wm. Ander- son, Clerk; John Laughton, Director, and Mrs. M. Jirik, Treasurer. The first and only store in the district was erected in 1912 on section 3 by Mr. Webster. In the year 1920 he erected a new building on the same location. Near market places today are Gleason, Dudley, Bloomville and Antigo. Opening of new roads and the automobile make Antigo a convenient trading point, eliminating the disadvantages of distance. Agriculture and dairying are the principal occupa- tions. Potatoes and grains are the principal products. This district is making noticeable advances in both modern farming and scientific dairying. 260 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. DISTRICT NO. 3. FOREST VIEW DISTRICT. In the southwest part of Vilas township is an area of land containing 5,760 acres and consisting of sections 19, 20, 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 33, known as the Forest View Dis- trict. It is well named for the children trudging along to and from their daily tasks at school have a wonder- ful panorama of nature's art to view. The school is ideally situated on the northeast quarter of the north- east quarter of section 29. It is a model building, erect- ed in 1900 by the settlers, who take especial pride in it. Previously a frame structure was used and before then a log cabin. The first settlers established themselves in this re- gion as early as 1877. The Edward Pratt family came to the district from Hilton, Wisconsin. The trip from Wausau was made by wagon over rough miry roads. Henry Cone was the second settler who came into the district. He was followed by John Hubbard and family. Log houses were erected, one by one, as the sturdy pioneers arrived and before long the distances be- tween them lessened. They gradually were follow- ed by frame dwellings. However, many log houses are still found, many of which are the original cabins erected nearly fifty years ago. Hewn logs served as floors in these typical backwoods homes. The early settlers were frugal to the point of par- simony. Necessity made them thus. During* the long winter sieges cord wood was cut, but the market was far away. It did not pay to haul wood such a dis- tance. But logging camps were numerous, affording employment to the settlers. When spring approached the log drives commenced on the Eau Claire river and the men folks received employment on the drives. The Eau Claire river was improved and thousands of logs were driven down it to Schofield. The housewife, anxious to aid her husband, would do much of the garden and field work, planting and cu'tivating in order that a bountiful harvest might be reaped in the fall. Thus the years passed on. The children in the schools became your.g men and women, taking the places of their fathers ar.d moth- ers. They filled the district and township offices, man- aged the farms, irtroduced new ideas into agricultur- al advancement and by this day the second generation has full command. Many of the pioneers have died or are too advanced in age to actively engage in labor. The 1922-23 teacher was Leona Polar. The 1922-23 school officials were: Clerk, Charles Hubbard; Direc- tor, Jack Danburg; Treasurer, John Cockeram. DISTRICT NO. 4. ELMWOOD DISTRICT. The last territorial change in Vilas township school districts occured April 14, 1908. The Elmwood district since has consisted of sections 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 34, 35 and 36 of the township. It is situated in the southeastern part of Vilas and has an area of 5,760 acres. This district is the southern portion of the original District No. 5, organized in 1887. April 24, 1906, Vilas was re-dis- tricted and District No. 3 was eliminated. District No. 4 was enlarged by the addition of sections 28, 32 and 33. This area was not changed until 1908 when District No. 3 was recreated. Pioneer settlers in Elmwood were Henry Fryer, who cleared a little farm in the wilderness in 1877 after a long and tiresome journey from New London, and Ed- son Lloyd, who in 1878 brought his family to this dis- trict from Oshkosh. With him came Charles Lloyd, his son, who afterwards became prominent in Vilas ac- tivities. W. J. Hampton, Mrs. Hayes, A. Space, Frank Locks, William Holland, Ben Miller, M. E. Bessey and Olaf Anderson were early settlers. George Hayes, Edwin Hayes and Al Hayes and John Marlowe are old residents, who came into the district later. The first school was erected in 1882 on the south- east quarter of the southeast quarter of section 4. It was a one-room log building, which was used advan- tageously for many years. Early teachers were L. Hermanson, Mrs. M. A. Dexter, Hannah Reader, S. Gunderson, Emma Molzberger, Mary Cadigan, Ther- esa Wanninger, Ella Rynders, J. Ross, Adell Muscher, AUie Kennedy, Olive M. Space, Alice Casper, Ruth Graves and Irene Marshall. Miss Alfrieda Bruss was the 1921-22 teacher. On July 5, 1898, the school officials of District No. 4, Charles Lloyd, Clerk; H. 0. Johnson, Treasurer, and Alfred Hayes, Director, decided to locate the new pro- posed school on the quarter post of sections 25 and 26. The school was completed by October 15, 1898. It cost approximately $375 and was erected by Justin & Jensen, mill men. The frame school was used until 1921 when a modern brick school was erected at a cost of $8,000 by H. Hoffschmidt. This splendid school is located on section 26. The 1921-22 school officials were Charles Lloyd, Clerk; Fritz Weisshahn, Director, and Leon Merry, Treasurer. About 1899 George Drake and Justin & Jensen erect- ed a sawmill on section 36 in this district. It was operated by Joseph Weir and John Menting for many years until it was moved away. Louis Henry erected a cheese factory on section 24 in 1917. It has changed hands frequently and is now under the proprietorship of a co-operative concern or- ^ar ized among the neighboring farmers. The Vilas township hall, located on section 25 (NWVi of NWij), was completed in the summer of 1922. Its cost was approximately $3,000 and it is one of the best town halls in Langlade County. The first meeting was held in the hall (before its comple- tion) in April, 1922. Louis Jacobs was the contractor. Formerly all township meetings were held at the school house in District No. 4. Elmwood district has many splendid farms. The soil is rolling and level. The roads in the district are well maintained. Antigo and Merrill are the nearest trading centers of importance. The 1922-23 teacher was Elfrieda Bruss. The school officials for 1922-23 were : Clerk, Charles Lloyd, who is also Vilas township clerk; Treasurer, A. J. Polar, and Director, Fritz Weisshahn. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 261 CHAPTER LI. Historical Notes Chairmen of County Board, 1881-1923 — Vacated Langlade County Townships — The Boiler Explosion In Antigo in 1905 — New County and Its Possibilities by S. A. Taylor in 1880 — How Larzelere Paved the Way in 1875 — Lincoln District, New Settlement — First A. H. S. Basket Ball Team — Langlade County Wild Flowers, Birds and Songsters, Trees and Wild Fruit — Reports on Lang- lade County to the State Archeological Society — Miscellaneous. CHAIRMEN OF LANGLADE COUNTY BOARD, 1881-1923. John Jansen, 1881-83; Moritz Mueller, 1883-84; Joseph Duchac, 1884-85; E. R. Van Buran, 1885-86; J. E. Davis, 1886-90; Sam E. Leslie, 1890-92; J. L. Klock, 1892-93; J. C. Lewis, 1893-94; J. W. Parsons, 1894-95; James Quinn, 1897; J. W. Parsons, 1897- 99; T. D. Kellogg, 1899-1900; Leonard Freiburger, Sr., 1900-04; R. J. Morgan, 1904-06; T. W. Humble, 1906- 07; J. L. Klock, 1907; Walter V. Dorcheski, Nov. 12, 1907-08; Adolph Heeg. 1908-09; Charles Beard, 1909- 11; Henry J. Hersant, 1911-12; Charles Beard, 1912- 13; Frank Riendl, 1913-14; William Alft, 1914-15; E. S. Tradewell, 1915-16; Leonard Freiburger, Sr., 1916-21 ; Frank J. Olmsted, 1921-23.1 OFFICERS OF ORIGINAL (VACATED) TOWNSHIPS. The townships of Carpenter and Gagen, two of the six original Langlade County townships, were vacated but a short time after. The first officers of Carpenter were: Chairman, Abe Vanzile; Supervisors, Charles and Jay Cook; Clerk, Charles Vanzile; Treasurer, Leonard Marsh; Assessor, Jay Cook; Justice of the Peace, L. J. Marsh; Constable, William Varzile. There were but five votes cast in Carpenter at the first election, 1881. The first officers of Gagen, vacated in 1885, were: Chairman, Daniel Gagen; Supervisors, Odell Wood- bury and H. Dow; Treasurer, L. Motzfeldt; Clerk, P. Shay; Assessor, Odell Woodbury; Justice of the Peace, H. Dow. The postoffice was at Freidenland (Frydenlund). Ten votes were cast at the first elec- tion in Gagen. THEY ORGANIZED A COUNTY. November 11, 1880, within the Lost Nation, Charles H. Larzelere, John Springer and James R. Buckstaff, Chairman and Supervisors, respectively, together with Charles W. McFarland, Fred A. Dodge, Thomas M. Dobbs, A. Smith, S. A. Taylor, David B. Edick, 0. J. Yates, Ulysses G. Taylor, E. P. Bridgeman, and James Brennen, organized themselves together as officials of a new county to be known as Langlade County. They elected officers as follows : Charles W. McFar- land, County Clerk; Thomas M. Dobbs, Register of Deeds; Fred A. Dodge, County Judge; U. G. Grant, Assistant Register of Deeds; E. P. Bridgeman, County Superintendent of Schools. Other officers were not chosen at the election held November 2, 1880. The 1. George H. Wunderlich once served as temporary chairman. The men named are those who were elected at the regular annual elections. county board, according to record No. 1 of the Regis- ter of Deeds, Thomas M. Dobbs, consisted of three men. Charles H. Larzelere was Chairman. This attempt to elect officers for the County of Langlade was made nine months after the state legis- lature had passed an act changing the name of New County to Langlade County and three months before the legislature had created and perfected Langlade County and established certain towns therein. If these pioneers would have succeeded in their under- taking the county seat would have been established at Lily and the dream of Squire A. Taylor and his supporters would have been fulfilled. THE GREAT BOILER EXPLOSION At 9:30 a. m., Friday, February 24, 1905, a terrific explosion startled residents of the south part of Antigo. The boiler in the fire room of the Chris Wunderlich Lumber & Manufacturing Company WRFXK.AGE CAUSED BY GRE.^T BOILER EXPLOSION at the \\'iindcrlich Lumber and Manufacturing Company Saw Mill, .Antigo, February 24, l'.M)5. mill has exploded killing one man instantly and in- flicting fatal injuries on another. The man killed was Ed. Ploeger, Engineer. Peter Ingles, seriously in- jured, was rushed to a hospital, but died. The boiler, weighing approximately 10,000 pounds, was blown three hundred feet in the air and landed two thousand feet from the mill in front of Bishop's residence on Edison street. It first struck the ground in front of John Herman's residence, tore the front from 262 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Cecil's residence but none of the occupants of the residences were killed. A small part of the boiler landed near Springbrook. Bolts and splinters dropped from the boiler on the high school as it passed over the school building on its swift journey of destruction. School was in ses- sion and it was an act of Providence that prevented the death missile from plunging through the building. John Callaiian, County Treasurer of Langlade County, was then employed as an Engineer and was switch- ing in the C. & N. W. R. R. Co.'s yards near the flour elevator at the intersection of Dorr street and 7th Avenue. "I saw that object flying in the air but it was so high it looked like a piece of tin." I heard the noise of the explosion but thought it was the air coupling on my engine, that's why I stepped from the cab to look," he said. A few seconds later the boiler had struck the ground. Seven men were employed at the mill that day. The explosion was given nation- wide publicity in newspapers. ANOTHER BOILER EXPLOSION On February 28, 1911, at 1:30 p. m., a boiler ex- plosion took place at the Gillis saw mill, located in Neva township. One man was slightly scalded. The cause was a defection in the boiler. S. A. TAYLOR BOOSTED NEW COUNTY. S. A. Taylor, founder of Langlade (New) County, spent much of his life in advertising the county he was responsible for. A pamphlet he distributed in 1879 and 1880 contained the following interesting data : THE COUNTY OF NEW, WISCONSIN. 200,000 ACRES OF THE BEST OF FARM LANDS for sale in New County on long time, as hereinafter set forth. NEW COUNTY was formed in 1879 and has a population of about 1,200 people. This Is A Matter Worthy The Attention Of Every Person, both old and young, farmers, mechanics, and mer- chants. A portion of the best part of the State of Wis- consin is yet to be settled. An opening for all kinds of business; and what every man should have is a good farm, it matters not what other trade or business he may possess; and New County, Wisconsin, Is The Place To Secure It, for the least money, and expense of emigration from any portion of the Eastern States, the Canadas or any foreign country. The County Of New Is Second To None in the State for its fertility of soil, and production of crops of every kind, has an abundance of timber of the best quality, and of all kinds; and is one of the best and purest watered counties in the State. All of its lakes, rivers and streams supply the sweetest and purest of water, and they abound with speckled trout, and fish of every variety. New County Is Rather Sparsely Settled, the cause of this is, that a large portion of the lands were granted by the General Government to the State for the aid of great improvements in the way of ship canals, railroads, highways, and various other public enterprises, which grants covered nearly all of the unsold lands in the now County of New. The First Settlements of the State were in and about Milwaukee, along the shore of Lake Michigan, and at Green Bay and along the line of the State of Illinois, the whole Eastern and Southern portion of the State had been sold to real settlers so that the lands granted were mostly selected in the northern portion of the State and many of these improvements were under process of construction for a long term of years before they were completed, so that the companies and contractors could not secure a title to the lands from the State. So it will be seen that this answers the question, when it is asked, why the lands, if they are of the best quality of soil, timber, water and everything pertain- ing to a good country, have not been sold to real set- tlers long before this. The Best Of Farming Lands Can Be Had by settlers at from $2.50 to $3.00 per acre, and be paid for in the following manner; First payment, 10 per cent cash down of the total sum of money agreed upon to be paid. Second payment, to build a comfort- able house on the land contracted for. Third, fourth and fifth payments are, to clear, fence and till one- eighth part of all the land you bought, each year for the term of three successive years, then the payment of the balance of the purchase money will begin to fall due in three yearly payments with six per cent inter- est, this gives six years for the payment of the pur- chase money. Every Industrious Man Can Get A Good Home Here whether he has any money or not, and by this you will see that these chances are appreciated by a large number of people who have looked for themselves and have become satisfied that this place is preferable to others for securing a good home, as there has more than five hundred real settlers come into the territory that now forms New County within the last year. The Lands In Question Are All First-Class Farming Lands, well-watered, with abundance of timber, and as for crops they are the best of lands for growing winter wheat, and will produce the best of crops of all kinds. The soil is of a clay loam of black mold, interspersed with a small sprinkling of sand, which makes it a strong as well as a quick, warm soil. Take New County As A Whole, there is no better place for the poor to get rich, and the rich to get richer, and it is a conceded fact by all persons knowing of the advantages of this portion of the State of Wisconsin for real settlers and people who want cheap and good homes that every person who has any idea of going West of the State of Wis- consin, if they study their own interests, and the sav- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 263 ing or making of money they never will go beyond the boundaries of this State, without first making a thorough investigation of the lands, location and the material advantages that are to be found in the county of New, for a home, health, wealth and prosperity. When You Take Season and Climate Into Con- sideration, and the length of the seasons, there could not be any- thing more pleasant and congenial for the growing of crops, and the beauty of good homes. The snow generally begins to fall about the first of December, at which time there is little or no frost in the ground, there is good sleighing about Christmas, then the winter continues cool and dry until about the first of March, which gives about two months and a half of good sleighing. This makes the country clean and beautiful, then the Spring sets in, and the snow com- mences going off, and as there is little or no frost in the ground, by the tim.e the snow is gone, the water is all gone from the surface of the ground and it is comparatively dry and ready for ploughing, then comes warm weather which is continuous and steady during the whole season, which is sufficiently lengthy for the growth and ripening of crops, vegetables and vegetation of all kinds. The Northwestern Railway runs along the shore of Lake Michigan from Chicago to Milwaukee, thence to Fond du Lac, where it inter- sects with the main line, passing the whole way through a well settled and a beautiful country. The main line of the road starts at Chicago; the first place of any note that it strikes in the State of Wisconsin, is Janesville which has a population of about 10,000 people, from thence the road courses on northward through a well-settled and fertile country, interspersed with small villages until it reaches Fond du Lac, a city of some 15,000 people, situated at the head of Winnebago Lake, thence along the West shore of the lake to the city of Oshkosh, which has a population of about 17,000 and is a city of immense business, thence to the city of Appleton, which has a population of about 8,000 and is one of the most flourishing manu- facturing towns in the country, and has a good mer- cantile trade, also colleges, churches, and schools of every grade. At This Place, Or At Appleton Junction, You should Change Cars and then take the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad for Clintonville, or you can take the same road at Milwaukee, Sheboygan or Manitowoc, and go direct to Clintonville which has a population of about 1,000 people, having first-class dry goods, hardware, grocery, drug and fancy stores, good wagon and black- smith shops, also factories of various kinds furnished with the best of water-power, to which is attached a good sawmill, and one of the best flouring mills in the state. This is a place where you can get all kinds of merchandise at reasonable prices and also find a good market for all kinds of produce. The village has sev- eral churches, good schools, first-class hotels, and as a whole is a very enterprising and prosperous village. Stages Leave Clintonville Every Day For New, New County, which is a distance of forty-five miles. The next places on the way to New are Pella, Ray- mond's Mills and Leopolis. These are small places, but are supplied with postoffices, stores, grist mills, sawmills, blacksmith, wagon shops and hotels, and will soon grow to be smart business places. New Is Centrally Located for all kinds of business. At the present time, August 1st, 1879, the business of the place is small compared with its capacity and demands. It has, however, a steam saw and shingle mill, hotel, blacksmith shop, and postoffice. There are good roads to and from the place, with mail routes established over them, and is a place where a good trade or business of any kind can be built up in a short time. It is a good location for a custom flouring mill, sawmill, and all kinds of manufacturing, having abundance of water-power for all such purposes, and is surrounded with the best of timber of almost all kinds; and there is no better place for grocery, dry goods and hardware stores, hotels, wagon and blacksmith shops. New is so centrally located and so easily accessible from all parts of the country, that it is destined to be one of the best of markets and the place for furnishing and distributing supplies, for the whole lumbering in- terest, and the entire country of Northern Wisconsin. The Village Of New is located on the Wolf river, at or near the junction of the Lily river. Both of these streams extend away north across the county of New; they are beautiful streams of water, and are perfectly durable, with an abundance of water power and plenty of water at all times of the year. Building lots can be had free of charge by any one who will erect thereon a respecta- ble dwelling, or business house, and the raw material can be had here as cheap as it can at any other place for building purposes. All That Is Necessary For Anyone That Wishes A Good Home, in a good country, that is healthy and well supplied with everything that one must have, is to look New County over to satisfy themselves that it is the place above all others to make a home for themselves and families. It matters not what business or occupation they may have followed, it will pay them to investi- gate all points pertaining to New County and its sur- roundings before looking or going elsewhere for a home or a business of any kind. For Further Information call at the General Land Office, at New, where you can obtain any information you may wish pertaining to lands in New County, and reliable guides will show you over the country, and the location of lands, or address S. A. TAYLOR, New, New County, Wis. 264 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. LINCOLN DISTRICT, NEW SETTLEMENT. There are about twenty-two settlers in the Lincoln District of Polar township. William Peters came to that district in 1900 from Germany, settling on section 35. August Erickson came from Sweden in 1905, settling on section 26. Frank Rychlik came from Bo- hemia, taking up land in section 26. He came in 1908. Albert Smola came from Pennsylvania in 1908, settling on section 26, and the same year Frank Hlin- sky, a Chicagoan, took up a farm on section 35. This district had one sawmill on section 35, operated by water power. Adolph Blahnik ran it for four years. The first school was held in the William Peters home. Early pupils were Cora Peters, Emma Peters, and Eric Jartzke, while Lena Wendorf was the first teacher. The present school was erected in 1912 on section 25 by C. F. Dallman at a cost of $1,400. The 1921-22 officials of this district were A. Blahnik, Clerk; Louis Peters, Treasurer, and Emil Pautz, Director. The re- gion is rolling and in some places level. Drew Creek runs through it. In 1883 Squire A. Taylor was called "Old S. A. Taylor" by his enemies who opposed the County of Keeps. In this connection it is interesting to note that Mr. Taylor lived twenty years after that, dying in 1902. The first mower disposed of in Langlade County was sold in 1883 by the J. C. Lewis Hardware Company. The inhabitants then though the idea of mowers was a "wild dream" of J. C. Lewis'. The old farmers of that day should now see the implements on a Lang- lade County farm. In February, 1883, the announcement was made in Antigo "that land was rising in value at a rapid rate and that a tract adjoining the village of Antigo was sold at $25 per acre." This land now is valued at $200 per acre. LARZELERE PAVED THE WAY. While Squire A. Taylor was the father of Langlade County, which he succeeded in organizing as New County in 1879, the way was paved for organization in the winter of 1875, four years before organization. In 1875 Oconto County set off fourty-four and a third townships as Langlade township. Langlade township included all of townships in ranges 11, 12, 13 and 14 from township 31 north to the state line. Oconto County had previous to 1879 divided the townships in such a manner that all of the timber re- gions of the state line as far north as townships 40, 41 and 42 in ranges 11, 12 and 13 and also in other northern parts of Wisconsin (in Oconto County) could be taxed for the benefit of the settlers down at Oconto and its vicinity. The method of dividing their town- ships gave Oconto townships the name "stairway townships." This method of township division offended the heavy timber and land owners, who were not benefit- ed by the division. They demanded a new county. An example of the stairway township was the town of Pensaukee. It included all that territory in town- ships 37 and 38, range 13; also townships 34, 35, 26, 37 and 38 of range 14 east, a strip of territory one mile wide running from the southwest quarter of town- ship 34, range 14 east south on the line of townships 33 and 34 between ranges 14 and 15 east, to a point just north of Langlade (village) thence east about a mile, thence south three miles, thence east three miles, thence south three miles to township 31, range 15, thence east on the south line of township 31, through ranges 15, 16 and 17, thence south through townships 30, 29 and 28, to the southwest quarter of township 28, where Pulcifer, Outagamie County, is now locat- ed, thence east on the south line of section 28 one mile into section 28, range 19, where the strip connected with township 27, ranges 19, 20 and 21. Charles Larzelere went to Madison to confer with the County and Town Committee on Organization in the winter of 1875 with the purpose of securing a county to consist of the fourty-four and a third town- ships in Oconto county and then eliminate the stair- way system of townships, which was contiguous terri- tory, but unreasonably so because of the description of each township. He was opposed by Oconto lum- bermen and mill owners, who wanted the timber tax of northern Wisconsin sent into Oconto County coffers. He was assisted in Madison by Sam Shaw, who lat- er played an important part in the history of Forest County, and by Attorney M. Carpenter, Dean of the University law school, as well as Congressman Phile- tus Sawyer. FIRST A. H. S. BASKETBALL TEAM. The first basketball team of the Antigo High School was started during Christmas vacation in 1902 by Wil- liam H. Fuller, now a locomotive engineer on the C. & N. W. R. R., who was then a teacher in the high school. The only available place then to practice was the exhibition building of the Langlade County Agricul- tural Society, which was prepared for that purpose by Mr. Fuller and the players. The bounding boards were made and carried to the building. The first bas- kets were barrel hoops. Games were played also in the old Music Hall, now Brunswick Hall. The mem- bers of the first team were : W. H. Fuller, coach; West- ley Goodwin, center; Walter Nelson, forward; William Donohue, forward; Adolph Shepek, guard; Harry Clements, guard; George Crowe, forward (died in service during World War) ; and a Mr. Martin, guard (he drowned at Pelican Lake). The team played five games, winning four. SAW THE IMAGE OF CHRIST In the fall of 1901 Constantin Jankowski, father of Mrs. I. Pawlak, 803 Clermont street, while walking from his son's farmhouse. Rolling township, to his own home a short distance away, vows that he saw the image of Jesus Christ in the sky. He carried a rosary in his hands and began praying. The follow- ing spring Mr. Jankowski erected a statue of Christ crucified, on the exact spot. Father G. Zelinski of St. Hyacinth church said Mass at the spot were the statue is erected. Hymns were sung by a choir. The statue is located on the west side of the road near HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 265 the Jankowski farmhouse, located on section 8, Roll- ing township 30, range 11 east. CHIEF OF POLICE McARTHUR KILLED All Langlade County was shocked June 23, 1905, when it became known that Chief of Antigo Police John McArthur had been killed while attempting the capture of James Weipinger, escaped inmate from the state insane asylum. Sheriff John Driggs then cap- tured Weipinger, who had shot McArthur who didn't see the fugitive perched in a tree. Chief McArthur's funeral was one of the largest ever witnessed. He served as Chief of Police from 1896-97 and again from 1902-1906. He was a favorite with the children of Antigo, and an efficient officer. FIRST TELEGRAPH OPERATOR Jerry Dowing in 1885 resigned his position as op- erator at the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western depot and took charge of the telegraph office in the J. C. Lewis warehouse building. IRON, LEAD AND OIL EXCITEMENT In 1887 the city was drilling an artesian well on 5th Avenue and as those in charge cut through the dark granite, talk of iron, lead and oil became preva- lent. But it was all talk. LANGLADE COUNTY WILD FLOWERS. WISCONSIN FLOWER— VIOLET. Almost within a stone's throw from any district school in Langlade County the following wild flowers can be picked in the spring and summer months: He- patica. Anemone (Rue and Wood), Dutchman's Breeches, Phlox, Pale Laurel, Trillium, Bellwort, Ad- ders Tongue, Marsh Merrigold (commonly known as Cow Slip), Wild Ginger, Pitcher Plant, Blue Flag, Sleeping Beauty, Columbine, Golden Rod, Wild Rose, Solomon Seal, Violet, Trailing Arbutus, Buttercup. COMMON LANGLADE COUNTY SONGSTERS AND OTHER BIRDS. Birds common in Langlade County are the Cerulean Warbler, Bluebird, American Goldfinch, White-throat- ed Sparrow, Baltimore Oriole, Blackburnian Warbler, Cardinal Bird, Redstart, Woodpecker, Bobolink, Kill- deer, Sandpiper, Owls, Hawks, Humming Bird, Robin, Wren, Blue Jay, Cedar Wax Wing, Flicker, Blackbird, Meadow Lark, Horned Lark, Thrush, Grosbeak, Scar- let Tanager, Crow. TREES AND WILD FRUIT. Trees — Elm, Poplar, Birch, Oak, Maple, Cedar, Bal- sam, Tamarack, Pine, Hemlock, Basswood, Rock Elm, Spruce, Cherry. Wild fruits — Raspberry, Wild Straw- berry, Dew Berry, Huckle Berries, Blueberries, Cran- berries, Wintergreen Berries, Thorn Apples, Wild Plums. REPORTS ON LANGLADE COUNTY TO THE WISCONSIN ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Mounds reported to exist at Antigo. Reported by Emil Wiesse, Elcho, March, 1906. Indian trading post formerly located on east shore of Post Lake. Several burial mounds also on shores of lake. One explored, human bones and implements found. Indications of camp or village site nearby. Arrowpoints, flint rejectage, etc. Antigo Daily Jour- nal, July 31, 1902. Aug. 1, 1918, E. B. Barr, Duluth, Minn., reported to society that while clearing a tent site on the east bank he uncovered with a shovel a brittle pottery vessel and "all of the large bones and the skull" of an Indian. Mr. Emil Wiesse, Elcho, re- ported on Sept. 6, 1903, the presence of a fine group of mounds at the narrows of Post Lake. It is considered likely that some of the sources from which early Wisconsin Indians obtained quartzite are in Langlade County. FIRST ANTIGO LAUNDRY. The first Antigo laundry was opened by Amanda and Mary Krueger on May 1, 1885, on Superior Street. MISCELLANEOUS. The track of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & West- ern from Bryant to Polar was laid under the supervi- sion of George Young, a railway civil engineer, in 1888. The first Bryant school was held in the law office of Loomis & Foster. The mill owned by Henry Mitchell of Norwood was sold by him in July, 1889, to D. Brightman of Winne- conne, Wisconsin. Mr. Mitchell moved into Antigo. Charles Van Pelt was the first Superintendent of the Webster Manufacturing Plant at Polar, established in 1888. Officers of the Antigo Light Guards in 1888 were: F. A. Forbes, J. M. Reed, L. S. Neuman, S. W. Lar- sen, W. Kiefer and John Blinn. The late J. Pearson Hughes was the last person to walk across the lower Post Lake bridge erected in 1883 by H. B. Polar, contractor. The second bridge was completed in October, 1899, by John Byrne at a cost of $1,685. The track from Koepenick to Bass Lake was laid under the direction of David Edick for the Paine Lum- ber Company. John Menting had a saw and shingle mill on section 2, Ackley township and also a mill at Morley where he employed 35 men. M. M. Ross and Mr. Edwards erected the mill at Morley over twenty years ago. It was sold by Mr. Menting to the Martin Lumber Co., of Oshkosh, Wis., and was moved away. The Pence Lake sawmill was erected in 1910-11. Menting & Hickey operated it from 1913 until 1920. It is on section 36, East Upham township. The Lang- lade Lumber Company has camps on section 23, nearby. 266 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHAPTER LIT. Commemorative Biographical Record The Importance of Biography — The Life of W. L. Ackley, Englishman, Prospector, Indian Trader, Farmer, Township Official, Man — Sketches of Other Elarly Settlers — Biographical Record of Prominent and Representative citizens of the past and present. Biographical records are of value, not only for their immediate worth, but for future reference. Family genealogy can be preserved in no better way. The history of the nation, the state and the county depends upon the calibre of its people. The data herewith was gathered from the individuals immediately interested and should prove to be a treasured section of this work. WILLIAM LEROY ACKLEY— FIRST WHITE SET- TLER IN LANGLADE COUNTY. "Look now abrodd-another race has filled Those populous horders-ivide the wood recedes, And ioivns shcot up, and fertile realms are tilled; The land is full of harvests and green meads." WILLIAM LEROY ACKLEY. the first white set- tler in Langlade County, was born in the State of New York on or about 1830. Little is known of his boy- hood days except that he was a venturesome lad who was lured to the western states by the stories of ad- venture among the Indian tribes and the plucky fur traders of the great northern wilderness. He came west to the hamlet of Wausau where he stopped for a time before definitely settling in Ackley township, Langlade County, in 1853. Mr. Ackley was associated with P. Hogarty, a proprietor of a stopping place, who had extensive commercial intercourse with In- dians and home seekers. He built a log shack on the banks of the Eau Claire river, section 28, when he first came into this vast wild country inhabitated by Indians and animals. Young Ackley was twenty-one years old when he first made a claim in this region. He married Me-Da-Gee-Wa-No-Kwa, "Maiden of the Forests," a Chippewa Indian maiden, who bore him two children — De Witt and Charles Ackley. Charles Ackley is a merchant in Wabeno, Forest County; De Witt Ackley is living with the Pottawattomi Indians near Mole Lake, Wisconsin. Ackley, fur trader, lum- ber cruiser, adventurer, was a leader of the Indians who sought his counsel. He was a just barterer and those who were acquainted with him acknowledged him to be an upright business man. He never took advantage of the Chippewa's in their fur transactions. Most of his fur products were shipped down the Eau Claire river to Schofield and sold to agents of St. Louis fur buyers. Mr. Ackley died November 24, 1894. His wife died March 9, 1899, having lived to be over one hundred years of age. DANIEL GAGEN, fur trader, pioneer lumberman, picturesque leader in the first Langlade County Board meeting, was born in England in 1835. In the early '60's he came to Eagle River, Wisconsin, where there was a small settlement of English and Scotchmen. Here he established a trading post and bought furs of the Indians. He engaged in logging operations dur- ing the winter. He was the first man to log on the Eagle Waters. Dan Gagen took the pick of the pine which grew on the banks of the lakes and streams and, instead of hauling them for miles, rolled them into the River of Lakes. About the year 1877 he moved to Pine Lake (Hiles, Wis.) which was the headwaters of the Wolf river. Here he farmed and logged until about 1902 when he moved to Three Lakes, Wis. He died in November, 1908, at Three Lakes, Wis. His son, James Gagen, real estate dealer and abstract man, resides at Hudson street and Seventh avenue, Antigo, Wis. Dan Gagen represented Gagen township in Langlade County until that territory north of the present limits of the county was detached in 1885. His place in county history is with those other sturdy men who came into the forests of this country between 1853 and 1870. They were: Louis Montzfeldt, Hiram B. Polar, Henry Harvey, Charles Larzelere, "Old Dutch" Frank, David Getchell, Henry Strauss, Williard L. Ackley, and S. A. Taylor, all leaders of their time. THOMAS AND MALCOLM HUTCHINSON, were among the earliest of Langlade County pioneers and have left their splendid records here as monu- ments to their integrity and thrift. Thomas Hutchin- son, the father of Malcolm Hutchinson, well known Langlade County citizen, was born near Nelson, in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada, in June, 1830, the son of Henry and Katherine Hutchinson. He was reared on a farm and when a youth he settled at Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, the lure of the lumbering industry having called him to the thriving occupation in Northern Wisconsin. He cast his first Presidential vote in the Abraham Lincoln-Steph- en A. Douglas contest at the virge of the Civil War. In 1875, Mr. Hutchinson moved with his family to Langlade County, settling on the banks of the Wolf river near Langlade, being one of its very early pio- neers. Two years later he took up a homestead on section 27, Township 32 (Price), Range 12 East. Here he lived until his demise on October 22, 1912, having lived long enough to see the great pineries slashed, the "iron trail" follow the ox cart, the auto- mobile take the place of the "buckboard," to see cities develop, and the R. F. D. take the place of the mail HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 267 carrier of the '70's who rode the saddle pony on the old "militaire". Mr. Hutchinson was married on November 20, 1862, to Anna Farrell, a native of New Brunswick, Canada. Four children were born to this union, namely, Almira, now Mrs. Ben J. Daly of Oshkosh, Wis.; Malcolm, now a resident of Antigo, and Eugenie, now Mrs. William Worman of Seattle, Washington; and Jessie, now Mrs. Charles Powell, of Antigo, Wisconsin. MALCOLM HUTCHINSON was born at Oshkosh, Winnebago County, on April 9, 1867. When eight years old he moved to eastern Langlade County with his parents and two years later settled at Price town- ship with them. He attended the Price rural schools in the Malcolm District, named after him. There was once a community there and Thomas W. Hutchin- son was the first and only postmaster of Malcolm. Like his father, Malcolm Hutchinson has foliowea the lumbering industry, surveying and the woods. He has often been County Surveyor of Langlade County. Outside of Price schools he attended Dagget's Busi- ness College of Oshkosh for three years and then re- turned to Price to resume his work in the lumbering and surveying occupation, which fascinated him. He was united in marriage to Katherine Gratten of Osh- kosh, Wisconsin, September 1, 1898. To this union eight children were born. One is deceased. Those living are: Paul, Norma, Lura, Jacqueline, Malcolm, Jr., Almyra and Thomas. TTie Hutchinson family re- sides at 511 Hudson street, Antigo, they having mov- ed from the old homestead property in Price township in April, 1915. The Hutchinsons are honored and re- spected as pioneers of the county and in its history they deserve worthy representation. The family at- tend St. John's church and Mr. Hutchinson is affiliat- ed with the Modern Woodmen of America. FRANK DVORAK, SR.. Manager of the Antigo Water Department, City Treasurer and Councilman, was born in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, in 1869, the son of Frank and Philomena Dvorak. He at- tended the common schools of Manitowoc County and the Manitowoc High School from which he en- tered the Oshkosh Normal. He moved to Langlade County in 1882 with his parents, residing on a farm in the town of Antigo until 1902. Mr. Dvorak moved into the city of Antigo in the spring of 1903. He was elected County Treasurer in 1906, serving for two terms, 1907-11. He was then appointed City Treasur- er of Antigo in September, 1911. He was elected to that office in the spring of 1912. He was elected City Commissioner under the commission form of govern- ment in the spring of 1914, being re-elected in 1918, serving as City Treasurer, as well as City Commis- sioner. Mr. Dvorak is a member of the Public Library Board, the Board of Public Works and a Jury Com- missioner of Langlade County. During his public career he has been held in high regard as a man of good character, ability and integrity. He was united in marriage in 1890 to Miss Margaret Plzak, to which union five sons and two daughters were born. One son and two daughters died in infancy. Those living are : Frank J. Dvorak, Jr., Assistant Cashier of the First National Bank of Antigo, who in September, 1920, was united in marriage to Miss Marion Ver Bryck, daughter of Frank P. Ver Bryck, a well known pioneer locomotive engineer. FRANK DVORAK ProniiiK-nt public official, who has been a resident of Langlade County since 1882. The other sons are : Theodore, employed by the Thunder Lake Co.; Charles and Richard, students. Frank Dvorak, Sr., is a member of the L 0. 0. F., B. P. 0. E., L. 0. O. M., the Beavers, where he is now holding the office of Secretary, the Z. C. B. J. and M. W. A. lodges. The Dvorak residence is at 238 Wausau Road, An- tigo, Wis. DAVID B. EDICK. Long before Langlade County was created, and at a time when the Military Road was a "new thoroughfare," a young man of splendid physique and mentally alert to the wonderful oppor- tunities of the great "new north," cast his lot with the Wolf river country. This man has lived for forty- eight years in that country, which has since blossom- ed into an extensive and productive section of Wis- consin. It was on November 13, 1874, that David B. Edick, the subject of this sketch, arrived at Medina, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, after a four-day jour- ney from Cleveland, Ohio. Young Edick was seek- ing his fortune in the great expanse of Upper Wiscon- sin. He was born at Western Star, Summit County, Ohio, February 20, 1850, the son of Nicholas H. and Anna M. (Koplin) Edick, being the first of ten chil- dren. When but eighteen months old he moved with his parents to Lorraine County, Ohio, where he lived until he was fifteen years old. From then on he made his own way through the world. He received an ele- mentary education equivalent to the 8th grade of to- day. It was in the spring of 1865 that the Edick fam- ily moved to Medina County, Ohio, to settle on a farm. 268 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Nine years later, 1874, the parents of young David decided to move to Garfield, Pawnee County, Kansas. Young David stayed in Ohio, leaving Cleveland on November 9, 1874, for Wisconsin, where he began his picturesque career as a pioneer of the Wolf river country. The first summer he followed his trade of a cheesemaker at Pickett, Winnebago County, Wis- consin, in 1875. That fall he came to Langlade Coun- ty, spending the first night in the "old Henry Strauss stopping place" on section 17, Township 33, Range 13 East. He slept on the rough floor of the place. He worked as a woodsman for Timothy Crane on Crane Lake the first winter. In the spring of 1876 he went to Illinois, returning on October 19, 1876, working at Lily for Timothy Crane during the winter of 1876-77. The following spring he located on a farm, sections 15 and 16, township 33, range 13 East, and stayed on the farm from 1877 to 1881, inclusive. Here he conducted a stopping place also. Mr. Edick was united in marriage to Mary L. Tourtillotte on June 22, 1880. Miss Tourtillotte was a pioneer teacher at Nine Mile Creek and also at Polar. After spending their honeymoon at Appleton they returned to the farm. In October, 1882, they moved to Lily, where Mr. Edick was proprietor of a hotel for one year, following which he logged on Stoney Lake with Henry Tourtillotte, his father-in-law. For one year he logged there and in the fall of 1884 moved to Lily, where he spent the next quarter of a century. For ten years he tended dam at Lily for the Keshena Improve- ment Company and in the winter of 1887-88 logged with J. E. Schultz as his associate. April 5, 1893, he started in as a log buyer and cruiser for the Paine Lumber Company and was a valued and trusted em- ploye of that concern until January 1, 1915, when their holdings were taken over by the Langlade Lum- ber Company, whom Mr. Edick was retained by. He is a practical woodsman in every sense of the word, having had nearly fifty years of experience, probably more than any other man now active in the lumbering industry of Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Edick had ten children. Five are now deceased. They are Nicholas Henry, born in 1881. He died in infancy and is buried at Lily. Anna died in infancy; Mary died when ten months old; Ralph died on October 9, 1918, the day his brother, Lieut. Wm. Edick, was wounded on the bat- tlefields in France. He (Ralph) died at Flagstaff, Arizona. He was a talented musician, a great organ- izer of bands. He is buried at Omro, Wis. His wife, Juanita Jackson Edick, to whom he was married in 1916, and one son, Robert, survive him. Charles D., born in Keshena, was electrocuted at Oslo, Manitowoc County, on June 11, 1922. He was an expert meter- man and electrician and met his death while at duty. He is survived by his wife, Anna (Pautz) Edick, to whom he was married on January 1, 1918, and one child, Charles, who was born on November 24, 1884. He was buried at Omro on June 15, 1922. The five children living are: James Harvey, of Manitowoc, Wis., who married Blanche Rhodes, daughter of Earl Rhodes, on August 17, 1917; George L., who married Mabel Kurtz at Danville, Ind. He is now at Washington, D. C, employed by the govern- ment as a Rural Engineer and draftsman for the U. S. They have two children, Mildred and Kenneth. William J., a reserve officer in the U. S. A., now in the Secret Service of the U. S., married Josephine Olsen. They have one child, William J. Jr. Mr. Edick serv- ed as a Lieutenant in the Word War. He was wound- ed in combat. Their home is in San Francisco, Calif. Edward Everett is Assistant Principal of the Weyau- wega (Wis.) High School and athletic coach. He spent 28 months overseas during the war, part of the time in the aviation. He will soon complete a chem- ical engineering course at the University of Wiscon- son. John E., now in Oshkosh, Winnebago, County, Wisconsin, is a student of the State Normal. He is following out his intention to become a Chemical En- gineer. Mrs. David Edick passed away on October 8, 1915, and is buried at Omro, Wisconsin, in the family lot. David Edick is a member of the Masonic orders in which he takes a keen interest. His mother passed away at the age of 89 at Albuquerque, N. M., eight months after a visit from her son. His father died in March, 1894, and is buried in Albuquerque, N. M.. also. He was eighty years old when he died. David Edick has lived a life on honesty and his character as a citizen is of the highest type. His sons, four of whom served in the Word War, have grown to manhood and are all experts in their chosen fields of endeavor — an honor to the name of Edick. Such is the story of David B. Edick — pioneer, woodsman, citizen and man. WILLIAM WEGNER, prominent Peck farmer and leader, was born September 8, 1876, the son of Mary and Michael Wegner, in the Town of Gibson, Manito- woc County. He attended the public and parochial schools during his boyhood after which he journeyed to the scene of the great lumbering industry of north- ern Wisconsin and Michigan, working in the woods and mills. When he abandoned this field of endeavor he had attained the position of head sawyer. In 1897 he came to the Town of Peck, Langlade County, where he has since resided. Mr. Wegner took up his present farm on the south half or the southwest quarter of section 22 in the summer of 1905. It comprises eighty acres of land situated near the west branch of the Eau Claire river on route No. 1. Mr. Wegner was married to Laura Schwantes of Lincoln County, July 19, 1905. To this union three children, two boys, Amos and Ogden, and one girl. Ruby, were born. Be- sides operating his farm, Mr. Wegner has found time to operate a store and a saloon on section 22. This business he conducted from 1903 until August, 1909, when it burned down. He is a leader in Peck township affairs, and has served as Supervisor, Township Chair- man and School Treasurer. The last two offices he served in eight consecutive years, exact dates of which are found in Peck township history. Mr. Wegner is HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 269 a member of the E. F. U. The Wegner family attends the Evangelical Lutheran church. OSCAR J. SWANSON, auditor and credit manager, was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, the son of Lena M. and John Swanson. Coming to Antigo, Wisconsin, at an early age he attended the public schools and the Antigo High School. After attending high school two years he entered the employ of the Fidelity Savings Bank at Antigo. He then entered Marquette Univer- sity where he completed his high school course and in 1915 graduated from the commerce and accounting department of that institution. He then purchased the business of the Forest County Abstract Company and the Insurance Agencies of the Bank of Crandon in 1915. In 1918, when war was on with Germany, he enlisted. Returning to Antigo after the war he en- tered the First National Bank as Assistant Cashier, which position he held until he resigned January 1, 1921, to accept a position as chief auditor and credit manager of the Charles W. Fish Lumber Company, Elcho, Wis. Mr. Swanson was married June 18, 1919, to Cecelia Goebel, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Goebel, Antigo, Wis. He is a member of the Mason- ic lodge, the B. P. O. E. and M. W. A. Mr. and Mrs. Swanson reside at Elcho, Wisconsin. ARTHUR M. JANES, pioneer citizen. Among the earliest pioneers of Langlade County are Mr. and Mrs. Arthur M. Janes, who located in the village of Antigo in March, 1882. They first came to Antgio in the spring of 1881. At that time the old Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western came only as far as Aniwa, Shawano County hamlet. Track had been laid to Weed's mill, but the bridge had not been completed. From Ani- wa Mr. Janes came to Antigo with the construction crew building the Weed mill dam. The following spring Mr. Janes bought property where the Molle building is now located and moved his family here. Freight was then hauled by ox-team and Fifth avenue was lined with many stumps, removed the next year. Arthur M. Janes was married to Jennie Hill (see story on stopping places, taverns, hotels) February 13, 1879, at Shawano, Wisconsin. Eight children of Mr. and Mrs. Janes were born in Antigo. Mrs. E. A. Set- tler, Avondale, Arizona, was born in Shawano. Those born in Antigo were Edwin A. Janes, who died in 1899; Evelyn Janes Richardson, who died in 1919; Chris Janes, Superintendent of the Frost Veneer Co., Antigo, Wis.; Harry M. Janes, rancher, Avondale, Arizona; Mrs. Jessie Pearson Richardson, of Avondale, Arizona, and Guy, Dale and Howard Janes, of Antigo. Arthur M. Janes was one of Antigo's first merchants. The Janes family resides at 316 Fifth avenue, Antigo, Wis. CHARLES S. LEYKOM, deceased, was a pioneer Antigo business man. He was born November 14, 1857, at Manitowoc, son of John and Ann Leykom. After attending the public schools of Manitowoc, Mr. Leykom took a position with the Rand & Romer Hard- ware Company. In 1881 he came to Antigo, being one of the pioneer merchants of the city. He walked from Eland Jet. to get here as the railroad was not com- pleted this far north then. He established a hard- ware store with John Hessel, for a time was associated with H. A. Kohl and then resumed his partnership with Mr. Hessel. He was a member of the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity and the E. F. U., an officer of the city frequently, held the office of City Sealer of Weights & Measures for years and served with credit on the Board of Education. Mr. Leykom was one of the founders of the Antigo Public Library. The Li- brary Board sent condolences to his family at the time of his death, September 26, 1924. His remains were buried in the City Cemetery. Charles S. Leykom was married to Nellie Williams, an early Antigo teach- er, in 1883. He is survived by his wife and three children, Sumner Leykom, Mrs. Charles Thomas, and John Wallace Leykom. His name is cut deep among the worthy pioneers of Antigo. WALTER GUILE, Norwood pioneer, was born in Utica, N. Y., in 1834. He came to Norwood township in 1882, being one of its early settlers. Mr. Guile held the esteem and respect of his neighbors and associates as is evidenced by his election as Chairman of Nor- wood in 1884. He held this post a year and a half when he resigned. He was married in 1870 to Eleanore Litton, born at Sheboygan, June 15, 1853. Six chil- dren were born, Walter, Harvey and Arthur and Mrs. John Ott of Sheboygan being the children living. Wal- ter Guile passed away January 9, 1898, and his re- mains are at rest in the Antigo cemetery. Mrs. Guile is now living in Antigo. HARVEY GUILE, decorator and contractor, was born July 20, 1887, son of Mr. and Mrs. Walter Guile. He attended the Norwood rural schools and the Antigo public schools. He has been in the painting and decor- ating business since 1901. He is an expert in his chos- en work. Mr. Guile was married to Beatrice Du Bois of Antigo, March 3, 1906. Five children were born to this union. They are Clarence, Richard and Dorothy, living, and Florence and Norma, deceased. Mr. Guile is a member of the Knights of Pythias in which lodge he is active. The Guile home is situated at 1525 Cler- mont street. W. F. KASSON, prominent business man, was born in Ludington, Mich., October 8, 1869, son of Augusta and Robert Kasson. At age of two he moved to Yank- ton, S. D., then the capital of South Dakota. When 14 years of age he v/ent to Sioux City, Iowa, where he began as an apprentice in the printing trade. He then was employed on the Sioux City Journal, Minneapolis Tribune, Cincinnati Enquirer and Chicago Herald in succession. In 1888 he went to Ashland, Wis., from Chicago and for seven years was in a saloon and res- taurant business, went to Neenah where for eighteen years he engaged in the same business, being proprie- tor of the Russell and Union House there. November 18, 1915, opened Hanousek Hotel in Antigo. A year later he sold to Arthur J. Koch and purchased the 270 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. George Ottman property in Antigo township, known since as Kasson cabaret. April, 1919, took over Pick- erel Lake property from Kenosha Hunting & Fishing Club, James A. Fathers of Janesville, Wis., principal stockholder. He still owns this property, running a first class tourist resort. He was married at Liberty- ville, Illinois, in 1908 to Matilda Kempf. The Kasson family, Mr. and Mrs. Kasson and four boys and two girls, resides on South Superior street, in Antigo town- ship. Mr. Kasson is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose. He is a stockholder and part owner of the Antigo Herald, Langlade Printing Company pub- lication. HARRY LA FAVE, telegraph operator, was born September 9, 1896, at Duluth, Minnesota, son of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph La Fave. He attended the public and parochial schools following which he entered the employ of the C. & N. W. Railroad Company with which he has been for the past ten years. He is now an operator in the Antigo north yards. When the World War broke out Mr. La Fave enlisted September 18, 1917, in the 311 Field Signal Battalion of the 86th Division, attaining the rank of Sergeant. He was honorably discharged May 15, 1919. Mr. La Fave is a member of the B. P. 0. E. and K. of C. lodges. SEBASTIAN BUERGER, a pioneer Antigo business man, was born in 1842 in Wald Aschbach Baiern, Germany. He came to the city of Antigo in 1882, en- gaging in the newspaper business, conducting Antigo's second News Stand. He later engaged in the grocery business. Antigo was then a little village with few business places when he came to the village. Fifth avenue was a little "hole in the woods." Mr. Buerger was a member of the old Volunteer Fire Department and a member of the Sons of Herman lodge, now ex- tinct. He was married in 1887 to Wilhelmine Seefeldt of Brown County, Wisconsin. Six children were born to this union. Mr. Buerger died in 1917 and his re- mains are buried in the city cemetery of Antigo. Dur- ing his business career he was one of Antigo's promi- nent business men. JAMES J. HEALY. Stability of character and pur- pose and a high order of citizenship are traits which are found with a pleasing degree of frequency in the men who have witnessed the period of expansion in Langlade County from the day when the ox cart and tote road were supreme to this era of modern industrial and civic progress. James John Healy, who has spent practically all of his life in Langlade County, was born December 12, 1883, in Marathon County, Wis., the son of Angeline (Kanauf) and Richard Healy, Sr. When a child he moved with his parents to Antigo township, Langlade County, Wis. The family lived in Antigo township until 1897, when they moved to the city of Antigo, where they have been active since. Mr. Healy attended the rural schools of Antigo town- ship and then took five courses, extending over a per- iod of twenty years, in the International Correspon- dence School. The courses were in order: High School, Telephone, Locomotive Running, Steam and Complete Steam Electric. He attended the Antigo School of Chiropractics conducted by Paul Von de Schoeppe, from which he graduated in 1912. His practice in that profession is very extensive and covers a territory far north and south of the county limits. Mr. Healy was married October 8, 1903, to Olive Strong, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Strong. J. W. Strong was a pioneer settler of Elmhurst, Wiscon- sin. Seven children bless this union. The children are Marion, Eugene, Marcella, Dorothy, Olive, Jane and Alice. Mr. Healy is a member of the Modern Wood- men of America and the Knights of Columbus. He has been connected with the Antigo Electric Company for 21 years. The 1921-22 years of that time he has been Manager of the plant. Previously he was elec- trical engineer. The Healy family resides at 214 Second avenue. HAROLD S. MATTMILLER, Upham township farmer, was born in Chicago, 111., December 4, 1891, the son of Mary and August Mattmiller. He attended the public schools of Chicago after which he secured employment with an electrical appliance concern for one year. He then became a bank clerk for four years and two years later went to work as an employe of the International Harvester Co. in their Chicago tractor plant. Mr. Mattmiller moved to Langlade County in July, 1912. Two years later, in 1914, he purchased eighty acres of land in Upham township in section 30, where he has since resided. He has twelve acres cleared and is improving the farm steadily. Mr. Matt- miller was married October 23, 1919, to Theresa Vaughn, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Orvis Vaughn, pio- neers of Langlade County. One child, Ruth Lorraine, was born to this union. Mr. Mattmiller was Town Clerk of Upham township in 1919-21. The Mattmiller family attend the Congregational church. Mr. Matt- miller's parents are now living in Milwaukee, Wis., at 8751/2 38th street. FRED BEHM, retired farmer, was born in Pomen, Germany, the son of Fred and Mary (Hardwig) Behm, January 22, 1849. When twenty-two years old he left for the U. S., settling in Sheboygan County, Wis., where he stayed for a year. He then moved to Man- itowoc County on a farm, residing there about eight years. Hearing much of northern Wisconsin, he made a trip up into Langlade County and purchased eighty acres of land in Neva township in 1882. Here he set- tled. His land was purchased from Upham & Russell, Shawano, Wis., land agents, for $450. Mr. Behm clear- ed his land with difficulty. Mr. Behm was married first to Anna Sipek, who died a short time later. He remarried to Elizabeth Sipek. Mr. and Mrs. Behm had eight children — Fred, Joseph, Frank of Bavaria P. 0., Summit township; John Behm, Neva township; Fred and Joseph reside in Antigo, Wis. The girls are — Mary, now Mrs. Thomas Donohue of Manitowoc County; Anna, now Mrs. William Foucett of Manito- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 271 woe County; Lillian, now Mrs. Albert Winter of An- tigo, and Alvina, Mrs. Frank Schacher of Neva Town- ship. Mr. Behm held numerous offices in Neva town- ship, including School Clerk, Treasurer, Justice of the Peace, Supervisor and Township Treasurer. He was active in early Neva township affairs, was the guid- ing spirit in the erection of the first school in the Gillis District and did much for that township then. Mr. Behm moved to Antigo, Wis., residing at 327 Deleglise street, in 1918. He has lived to see a coun- ty covered with dense forests develop into one of the most productive in Wisconsin. perity of their community, and having succeeded them- selves, are almost invariably ready to assist others to success, thus materially contributing to the public wel- fare. Among the citizens of Langlade County who have been the architects of their own career and who have builded wisely and well, none stands higher in es- teem than William H. Wolpert, prominent clothing merchant and leader in city affairs. Mr. Wolpert was born May 24, 1879. When a boy of ten years he came to Antigo, the county-seat of Langlade County in the year 1889, but four years after that little com- WILLL\M 11. WOLPERT Pioneer -Antigo clothing merchant, former member of the Na- tional Emergency Clothing Board and active public citizen. Mr. Wolpert has been a resident of Antigo since 18S9. WILLIAM H. WOLPERT. It is almost entirely upon the standing of its business men and leading citi- zens, upon their reliability, integrity, enterprise and public spirit, that the prestige of any community rests. That city or community is indeed fortunate when it can boast of a number of self-made men, for, while they have been advancing their own interests, they have at the same time been forwarding the growth and pros- munity had been incorporated as a city. Here he attended the public schools and in 1892 he left Antigo to enter the Metropolitan Business College of Chicago, III. He returned to Antigo in December, 1895, and the following year became an associate of M. Krom, in the conduct of a department store, one of Antigo's first. This copartnership lasted until December 14, 1910, after which Mr. Wolpert engaged in the retail 272 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. clothing business in Antigo alone, commencing June 15, 1911. The William H. Wolpert & Brother clothing firm has since, through the practice of honorable deal- ing, gained an enviable reputation and the confidence of the people of Langlade County. When the World War broke out the conservation of those necessary articles of commerce vital to the win- ning of the conflict became imperative. Accordingly the President of the National Retail Clothiers of the United States appointed a board of twelve men, rep- resentative of the entire clothing industry of the nation, to devise ways and methods of regulating the style for civilian dress to the end that millions of yards of wool- en cloth be saved to the ultimate benefit of the fighting forces of the country. Wisconsin and more particu- larly Langlade County was signally honored by having as a member of that distinguished body none other than William H. Wolpert. The board acted in con- junction with the clothing manufacturers and the Com- mercial Economy Board of Washington, D. C, select- ed by President Woodrow Wilson, and it performed a distinct national service in time of stress. In July, 1922, Mr. Wolpert was selected by the Gov- ernor of Wisconsin, John J. Blaine, to represent the Badger people at the Brazilian centennial to be held at Rio de Janeiro. It opened in September, 1922, and lasts until March, 1923. Mr. Wolpert was united in marriage on October 23, 1909 to Gertrude Fay Butterfield, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Butterfield, prominent Antigo citizens. Four children were born to this union — Eleanore Jane, Eugene Bradley and William Butterfield Wol- pert, and Ellen, deceased. Residence 724 Clermont Street. JOSEPH L. HELMBRECHT, proprietor of the An- tigo Grocery Co., was born July 31, 1892, son of Anna and Joseph Helmbrecht, pioneer Upham and Peck township settlers. When three years of age he moved from Summit Lake, his birthplace, to Peck township where he lived with his parents until he grew to man- hood. He attended the Peck rural schools, later en- gaging in general farming and logging business. He affiliated with the co-operative movement in Langlade County when it was first inaugurated as the old Pa- trons' Cooperative Mercantile & Produce Co. in Anti- go, Wis. The name was later changed to the Grange Cooperative Co. and then a reorganization took place in which the name was changed to the Langlade Farm- ers' Cooperative Co. In 1920 Mr. Helmbrecht was made manager of the entire business with headquar- ters in the old Citizens Brewing Co. building, Antigo, Wis. Mr. Helmbrecht enlisted in the U. S. Army July 6, 1918, serving with the 53rd Machine Gun Battalion at Camp Travis, Texas. He received his honorable discharge at Camp Grant, 111., April 17, 1919. Mr. Helmbrecht was married to Sophia Steinfest of Ack- ley township, Langlade County, February 3, 1921. One child, Marjorie Jane, has been born to this union. The Helmbrecht family resides at 1037V2 Fifth Ave. Mr. Helmbrecht is a member of the Knights of Columbus, Antigo Council No. 1002. Joseph Helmbrecht, Sr., was very active in Upham and Peck township affairs in his time. WALTER DASKAM. Among the members of that class of self-made men of whom Langlade County has reason to be proud, men, who without assistance, have fought the battles of life without capital and in- fluential friends, and who have worked their way to the top of the ladder by sheer force of their own ability and industry, Walter Daskam, Cashier of the Fidel- ity Savings Bank, takes a prominent place. Mr. Das- kam was born in Chilton, Calumet County, Wisconsin, on August 8, 1872, the son of John W. and Caroline (Ashdown) Daskam. When ten years of age he mov- ed with his parents to the village of Antigo, then a few buildings in a forest. The old Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad had been in this region but a few months before then. He attended the public schools of Antigo and the Antigo High School. Fol- lowing his school days Mr. Daskam was employed by A. Goldberg as a salesman, was a bank clerk and bookkeeper in the old Bank of Antigo, was a book- keeper for the J. C. Lewis (hardware) Co. He moved to Houghton, Michigan, in 1898 and conducted a gen- eral hardware business there until 1904, going then to Park Falls, Wisconsin, where he successfully conduct- ed the same line of business until 1908. Mr. Daskam then returned to Antigo and organized the Fidelity Savings Bank, with which he has been associated as Cashier ever since. November 1, 1898, he was united in marriage to Miss Lillian Hogben, a daughter of G. H. Hogben, a pioneer Antigo manufacturer. To this union five chil- dren, Lyle, Paul, Lynn, Vivian and Gwendoljm, were born. The Daskam family resides at 920 Superior street, Antigo, Wis. Fraternally, Mr. Daskam is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose, The Benevolent and Protective Or- der of Elks, and the Masonic Orders. When not at the bank he delights in spending his leisure with his family at home, or in an exciting game of tennis, or at some wee hour in the morning he will be off to the woods where only the babble of a fine trout stream breaks the deadly solitude. WILLIAM PRIEM. Prominent Lily merchant, was born on January 8, 1866, in the town of Gerentz, Ger- many. He came to America in the year 1881 with his parents, who settled at Shawano, Wisconsin. As a young man Mr. Priem engaged in various occupations and first commenced work in the pineries of Langlade County in 1883. He was united in marriage on July 6, 1894, to Miss Ida Ehlers of Bonduel, Wis., to which union thirteen children were born, all of whom are liv- ing. Mr. Priem has taken a very active interest in all matters concerning Langlade township. He has been honored with positions of public trust such as Super- visor, Treasurer of the township, and postmaster at Lily for sixteen years. He had one son, Richard, who served in the World War. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 273 Mr. Priem now conducts a general store at Lily and has a very profitable business. He has been in that business since June 5, 1895. RAYMOND C. DEMPSEY. Attorney-at-Law, was born in Waukesha County, Wis., April 6, 1889, son of Ann and Edward Dempsey. Received public school education. He attended Oshkosh Normal in 1908-09 and then entered the Marquette University Law De- partment from which he graduated in 1913. The same year he was admitted to practice law in the courts of Wisconsin. Attorney Dempsey came to Antigo in January, 1915, and for one year was associated with Henry Hay in the practice of law. December 6, 1916, THOMAS J. MALONEY. Among the first van- quard of pioneer settlers in Norwood and Antigo town- ships, Langlade County, was the Maloney family, which imigrated to the county in 1878. Thomas J. Maloney, the subject of this sketch, was born in Bay City, Michigan on December 6, 1854, the son of Michael and Bridget (Riley) Maloney. When but an infant he moved to the town of Rubicon, Dodge Coun- ty, Wisconsin, where he lived with his parents previous to their removal to Kaukauna, Outagamie County. In 1878 the family head, having heard much of the coun- try west of the Wolf river in the valley of the Eau Claire river, decided to move to what became Norwood township, later a part of Langlade County, but then ATTORNEY RAV\[OND C. DEMPSEY Prominent democrat, world war veteran, public offic'al and well known member of the Langlade County bar association. he became a member of the law firm of Whiting & Dempsey. When war was declared agai, -t Germany he entered the U. S. army. He attendee; the second R. O. T. C. at Fort Sheridan, Illinois, and on Novem- ber 27, 1917 was commissioned a 1st Lieutenant. He was promoted to the rank of Captain, Infantry, on August 24, 1918. He was honorably discharged March 11, 1919. Attorney Dempsey thereupon resumed the practise of law in Antigo. He was appointed Corpora- tion Counsel of the city of Antigo in May, 1920. Po- litically he is a Democrat and in 1920 he was elected Chairman of the Democrat County Committee, which chairmanship he held until 1922. Mr. Dempsey is ac- tive in civic and commercial life of Antigo. In 1921 he was selected general chairman of arrangements for the reception of the G. A. R. and allied patriotic socie- ties of Wisconsin in convention in Antigo, June, 1921. of Shawano County. Michael Maloney homesteaded on section 6 of Norwood township and it was here that his son, Thomas, aided him materially in clearing land and making the new home of these picturesque pioneers comfortable. He was united in marriage to Miss Alice Crooks of Big Suamico, Brown County, Wiscon- sin, on October 9, 1881. To this union ten children were born, namely: John, now a resident of Clinton- ville, Wis., who is employed as conductor for the C. & N. W. R. R. Co.; Edward, an Antigo business man, who was married to Miss Anna Niles of Wittenberg, Wis., in the fall of 1915; George, who is engaged in agricul- ture in Forest County, Wisconsin; Chester, who was accidently killed in June 28, 1920, while in the employ of the Sheboygan-Dairy Products Co. plant in Antigo; Irvin, proprietor of Maloney's Grocery at 535 Field Street, Antigo. Born in Antigo, May 2, 1894, he 274 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. grew to manhood in his birthplace. His early educa- tion consisted of the parochial school elementary and the high school courses. He entered the employ of the Frank Cherf grocery in 1909 and for ten years was with that concern, during which time he became fami- liar with every phase of the grocery and mercantile field. He resigned to inaugurate the Maloney Gro- cery on May 12, 1919. The success he has made since is proof of his stability and is a testimonial to the con- fidence of the many citizens he has merited. He was a World War Veteran. Mr. Maloney was married on May 11, 1921 to Miss Alice Shaney of Eau Claire, Wis., the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Mathew Shaney. They reside at 535V2 Field Street. Fraternally Mr. Maloney is affiliated with the Loyal Order of Moose, The Catholic Order of Foresters, the Independent Or- der of Owls, the Beavers and the St. Joseph's Benevo- lent Society. The other children are Mae, Gordon, Roy, Durena and Gladys. Gordon served in the World War with the 107th Trench Mortar Battery, Antigo's overseas military contingent. Thomas J. Maloney passed away on November 2, 1916, and lies at rest in the Antigo Catholic Cemetery. He lived to see the townships, which were once cover- ed with virgin tracts of timber, develop into productive farms, and where nothing but an Indian trail through the forests gave evidence of man, there grew up in the valley of the Eau Claire, the village, later the city of Antigo, dubbed by the pioneers as "Deleglise's Dream." He was survived by his wife and all of the children. Mr. Maloney was a man who had a host of friends and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of every person with whom he came in contact. DAVID C. DEWEY. Produce and commission mer- chant, was born in lola, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, on December 4, 1859, the son of John M. and Mary C. (Chandler) Dewey. He received a common school education at Waupaca, attended high school and then entered the Bryant and Stratton Business College of Chicago. He graduated and then entered the produce business at Waupaca as an associate of his father. When twenty-one years of age, in the winter of 1881, he went to Chicago to engage in the commission busi- ness in that city. He was still associated with his fath- er, continuing in business with him until his death. In February, 1910, Mr. Dewey came to Antigo, Wisconsin, from Chicago. He began building up a produce busi- ness in Langlade County and has since operated in the potato buying business on an extensive scale. He has sold hundreds of car lots of potatoes to wholesale distributors in Chicago and other cities. Mr. Dewey was united in marriage to Flora A. Penney of Waupaca, Wisconsin, on December 27, 1883. To this union four children were born. They are Fred, born December 6, 1884; Edward, deceas- ed; Harold, born July 5, 1889; Robert C, born Sep- tember 22, 1894. Two sons, Robert and Harold, served as Lieutenants in the World War. Both were overseas. Harold was wounded September 12, 1918, in the St. Mihiel offensive. Mr. Dewey has a farm consisting of eighty-seven acres located on section 19, township 31, range 15 east. He is now in Chicago, 111., where he is marketing agent for the Produce Sales Co., Inc., with headquart- ers at Clark and South Water street. Langlade County potatoes are distributed from these headquart- ers in car lots. Mr. Dewey was baptised a Baptist, which faith he still adheres to. The Dewey residence is on Second avenue, Ar.tigo, Wis. FRANK J. WAGNER, a pioneer Antigo resident, who is well known in all sections of the county, was born in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, on September 12, 1874, the son of Jacob and Josephine (Nimits) Wagner. When a lad of seven years he came to Lang- lade County from his native county, settling in the village of Antigo, which then had a few rough frame buildings. Here Mr. Wagner, as a boy, attended the public schools following which he engaged as an ap- prentice in the tinner's trade and followed that trade for twenty years. He started with the J. C. Lewis Hardware Company, pioneer Antigo business. He has since been engaged sucesslvely for seven years with the John Hessel Hardware Company, nine years with the Antigo Hardware Company, where in both places he was an expert in gasoline engines and farm machinery. He now conducts a general automobile repair shop at 430 Freiburger avenue, Antigo, Wis. Mr. Wagner was united in marriage to Mary Friedl on November 25, 1897. To this union nine children were born as follows: Josephine, now Mrs. Joseph Walters of Pelican, Wis.; Verones, Evelyn, Aloysius, Irvin, Arthur, Irene, Dorothy, and Alvin, all of Antigo. The Wagner family attends St. Mary's Catholic church. Their residence is at 430 Freiburger avenue. Frank J. Wagner is a member of St. Wencel's So- ciety. He was a representative of the Third Ward as Alderman when the city was under the aldermanic system of government. Jacob Wagner died in 1902 and five years later, 1907, his wife, Josephine Wagner, passed away. Both are at rest in the Antigo Catholic Cemetery. ALFRED F. SCHULZ. One of the prosperous and progressive business men of his community is Alfred F. Schulz, who is engaged in the manufacture of dairy products in Phlox, Norwood township. Mr. Schulz is a man who has proven his worth to the community in no uncertain terms. He was born in Chicago, Illi- nois, on July 26, 1889, the son of Otto and Marie Schulz. When a boy of seven years of age he moved with his parents to Mauston, Juneau County, Wiscon- sin. He attended the rural schools of Marion town- ship of that county and afterwards engaged in agricul- ture on his father's farm. When twenty years old he started out into the world to seek his own fortune. He secured employment in the College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, and for one year was thus HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 275 engaged. He took the dairy short course of that in- stitution the following year and in 1913 received his diploma. Mr. Schulz then went to Guernsey, Iowa, and work- ed in a creamery four months, leaving then for Albert Lee, Minnesota, to become expert tester for a cow testing association. Six months later he came to Phlox, Norwood township, Langlade County, Wisconsin, to work for the Phlox Creamery Company. He was em- ployed by that concern from May, 1912, until May 1, 1915, when he purchased the entire institution and has since successfully conducted it under the name of the Schulz Creamery, A. F. Schulz, Prop. The business has a large and substantial patronage. Mr. Schulz was married to Martha Magewske of Shawano County, Wisconsin, on June 3, 1914, to which union five children, Mildred, Aaron, Daniel, Victoria, and Malinda, have been born. The family attends the Lutheran church. Mr. Schulz takes great delight in hunting and fishing and is a lover of nature and the outdoors. ALBERT C. STATS has been a resident of Antigo for the past thirty-six years. He was born on March 17, 1885, the son of Albert and Elizabeth Stats, at Ber- lin, Wisconsin. When but a year old he moved to the young city of Antigo in 1886. He attended the Antigo public schools and in 1920 began his railroad career with the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company, as a brakeman. He has, by years of faith- ful service, attained the rank of a conductor, and now enjoys that prestige on the Ashland Division. Mr. Stats was united in marriage to Theresa Mc- Intyre of Antigo on April 24, 1907. Five children, three boys — Merton, age 14; Everett, age 12; John, age 9; and two girls — Willela, age 8, and Ermogine, age li's years, were born to this union. The Stats family resides at 912 Edison street, An- tigo, Wis. The late Albert Stats, Sr., resided at 1133 Sixth avenue. Mrs. Albert Stats, Sr., passed away on December 23, 1916, and is buried in the Antigo cemetery. Fraternally, Albert Stats is a member of the Antigo Council No. 1002, Knights of Columbus, the Brother- hood of Locomotive Firemen and Engineers, and the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. He has been a resident of Antigo from the period it was a little ham- let of about two thousand souls to the present time when it has nearly ten thousand inhabitants. L. W. FILYES. The late L. W. Filyes was a man of unusual force of character. He was born in Bril- lion, Wisconsin, on March 30, 1872. When a boy of three years of age his father died at Waukesha, Wis- consin. His mother passed away when he was a youth of seventeen years. Thus from the start of life he was denied the guiding hand of a father and moth- er. He received his early education while living with an uncle and aunt on a farm near Brillion. With his cousin he constructed a system of telegraphy from one house to the other and it was at this time that he mas- tered telegraphy. He often walked to town every Saturday to practise telegraphy. When but sixteen years of age he held his first position as a station agent for the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Com- pany. He then secured employment from Mr. Under- wood at Appleton, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, as a bookkeeper. While engaged in that occupation he attended business college in the evening. He later became station agent at Birnamwood and for six years was in that village. From Birnamwood he went to Babcock, Wisconsin, to become a Train Dispatcher on the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. He moved to Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, from Babcock and entered the employ of the Paine Lumber Company with which concern he was affiliat- ed for fourteen years, at Bass Lake and at Oshkosh. He held various positions of trust and responsibility with the Paine Lumber Company until he became the superintendent of their extensive operations at Bass Lake, Upham township. While thus engaged in Up- ham township he was regarded as one of the outstand- ing leaders of the township, was admired as an hon- est and efficient legislator who zealously cared for the interests of the township and the county. Mr. Filyes was honored with the office of township chairman sev- eral times, was school treasurer, school clerk, town clerk and held other places of importance in the town- ship. He aided in the construction of some of the best roads in the county. It was through his efforts that the first County Agent was secured for Langlade County and he worked har- moniously with F. G. Swoboda for the general benefit of the county. The potato conventions successfully conducted at Antigo during Mr. Swoboda's tenure in office were largely the result of Mr. Filyes' zeal. He it was who secured Mrs. Nellie Kedzie Jones of Madi- son for a highly successful potato demonstration in Antigo. Mr. Filyes was an active booster of the agri- cultural possibilities of the county and was one of the leading county exhibitors at both the Langlade Coun- ty and the Wisconsin State fairs. During the World War he was chairman of the Y. M. C. A. campaign, gave much of his time to Liberty Loan and Red Cross drives, besides contributing liberally to these funds. He was Chairman of the Red Cross drive in Antigo and the county at one time during the war. He moved to Antigo in 1915, having engaged in business for him- self. At the time of his death he was engaged in ex- tensive logging operations at Lily, Wis. L. W. Filyes died on March 9, 1919. His death removed from the ranks of the leading citizens of Langlade County a man who had done much toward a greater and better community. JOSEPH JULE DUQUETTE. The story of the pioneer would be incomplete if the hardships and trials of those first settlers were not set down. The Duquette family was one of the first of the settlers in Antigo. Joseph Jule Duquette, a prominent Antigo merchant of this day, was born on July 13, 1874, at Norton Mills, Vermont, the son of Joseph Jule and Tl 276 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Melvina Duquette. When five years old he moved with his parents to Freemont, Wisconsin. He attend- ed school at Freemont, leaving that place with his parents for Menasha when still a boy. A year later, in 1882, the family moved to Antigo, then a little vil- lage with but few settlers. The father secured em- ployment at the J. H. Weed mill, which had just be- gan operations and young Joseph Jr., the subject of this sketch, attended the Gowan school (named after Charles Gowan). Three years later the family moved ciate of Charles Tuma and two years alone in the soft drink business, which he sold in 1921. He pur- chased the N. D. Neilson grocery on March 26, 1921, at 100 Superior street, took possession on April 2, 1921, and has since been successfully conducting that business. He has made extensive improvements in his business, which has resulted in an increase in his patronage. Mr. Duquette is a member of the Eagles and the Catholic Order of Foresters of Antigo. THEODORE J. REIXERT Well known member of the Langlade County bar, District .Attorney, prominent fraternalist and pnblic spirited citizen, who is associated with Attorney li. F. Morson in the practice of law in Antigo. to Rolling township where they settled on a farm. The Duquette family then moved to Ramsay, Michi- gan, from where two years later they went to Rhode Island and after six months residence there they mov- ed to the native home, Norton Mills, Vermont. They returned to the middle west, again locating at Ramsay, Michigan, from where they moved back to Antigo, and have since resided here. Mr. Duquette was united in marriage on June 5, 1900, to Miss Carrie Anderson, to which union six chil- dren were born, five of whom are living. Those living are Aloysius, Gladys, Everen, Gean, and Robert. Joseph Jule Duquette was for eighteen years in the retail liquor business in Antigo, sixteen years an asso- THEODORE J. REINERT. Among the citizens of Langlade County who have rendered signal services in public office none stands out more prominent than Attorney Theodore J. Reinert, the present District At- torney of Langlade County. Mr. Reinert has won for himself the general confidence of the electorate dur- ing the terms he is rounding out as District Attorney. He was born in Danville, Illinois, on March 10, 1883, the son of Peter and Margaret Reinert. He attend- ed the public schools of Chicago and graduated from Lyola University with an A. B. degree in 1904. He later entered the Webster College of Law, Chicago, 111. He was first admitted to the bar in the state of HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 277 Illinois and shortly afterwards admitted to practice in Wisconsin courts. Attorney Reinert became a candidate for District Attorney of Langlade County in 1920 and was elect- ed over Attorney Charles H. Avery, also a candidate. He has conducted the office since without fear or favor and has rigidly enforced all laws. Mr. Reinert was married to Miss Josephine Donohue of Antigo on June 21, 1911. They reside on Fifth avenue. District Attorney Reinert is an active mem- ber of the Elks, Moose, Knights of Columbus, and Foresters lodges. He is the attorney for the Antigo Loan & Investment Company and the Columbus Home Association. Mr. and Mrs. Reinert are members of St. John's church, Antigo, Wis. FRED SCHMEISSER. The life history of the gen- tleman whose name heads this brief review has been commensurate with that of Langlade County where he has made his home since his birth in Polar town- ship, September 23, 1883. Fred Schmeisser is the son of Herman and Fredericka (Demlow) Schmeis- ser and he spent his early school days and youth in the Franklin District of Polar on his father's farm. His father was a native of Germany, having been born in Hamburg in the year 1845. After he came to the United States he settled in Polar township, as a pioneer settler of that section of the county. He was united in marriage to Fredericka Demlow to which union thirteen children were born. Five boys and six girls of this family are now living. They are Ed of Elcho, Carl and Herman, Jr., of Polar township and Fred, the subject of this sketch, and Alvin of the city of Antigo. The daughters are Augusta, now Mrs. Ed Boernemann of Polar; Tillie, now Mrs. John Newberry of Antigo; Emma, now Mrs. Albert Krueger of Polar; Sophia, now Mrs. H. Krueger of Polar; Clara, now Mrs. John Holmes of Polar. (John Holmes is deceas- ed.) ; Elsie, now Mrs. Servi of Polar. Fred Schmeisser engaged in farming on section 31 of Polar for many years, for a time on the 240 acre farm originally owned by his father. Up to 1910 he engaged in that pursuit and then logged extensively at Elcho, Pearson, Long Lake and other places. He then took over eighty acres of land in Antigo township, known as the Suburban Farm, because of its close- ness to Antigo. In May, 1919, he was selected at the beginning of Mayor Hanzel's administration to take active charge of the office of City Street Commission- er of Antigo. He has filled the position of trust and responsibility with credit and success to himself and the city with a minimum amount of expense to the taxpayers. Mr. Schmeisser was united in marriage to Elizabeth Byrne, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Byrne, pio- neer Antigo settlers, and to this union three children were born, namely: Patricia, Lorraine and Valerie. The family attends St. John's church of Antigo. Mr. Schmeisser is a member of Antigo Council No. 1002, Knights of Columbus. He has fully maintained the reputation of his father, who as a pioneer, underwent many hardships, thus retaining a name for industry and integrity. JOHN WOJTASIAK. Among the prominent and highly respected farmers in Antigo township can be found John Wojtasiak, who has been a resident of Langlade County for nearly a quarter of a century. Mr. Wojtasiak is a native of Poland. He was born May 19, 1860. He received his education in the pub- lic and parochial schools of Poland. Mr. Wojtasiak was united in marriage to Miss Anna Szymanska, a native of Poland, who was born on July 16, 1862. The marriage took place September 30, 1884. Three years later they came to the United States, arriving April 10, 1887. On August 30, 1900, the family moved to Langlade County. Mr. and Mrs. Wojtasiak had twelve children, four of whom died infancy. The chil- dren living are : Hattie, Stanley, a contractor and build- er of prominence; Joseph, who assists Stanley as well as being employed on the farm; Louis, Francis, Mi- chael, Mary and Teofil. The Wojtasiak farm is a splendid area of one hun- dred acres that were practically cut out of the woods. The splendid brick residence, modern and well equip- ped barns and farm sheds and machinery is a fine tes- timonial to the industry and thrift of this early settler. During the World War the Wojtasiaks did their share to make the world safe for democracy. Francis enlisted at once as a private in the Franco-Polish army and soon reached the rank of 1st Lieutenant. He was wounded in an airplane engagement while fighting on the Russian front against the Bolsheviks. Joseph was a Corporal in the 107 Trenth Mortar Battery and his name will be found in the roster of that unit elsewhere in this book. The Wojtasiak family attends St. Hyacinth's Polish Catholic church of Antigo, Wis. STANLEY JOSEPH WOJTASIAK, contractor and builder, was born October 29, 1887, the son of John and Anna Wojtasiak. When eighteen months old he moved from Poland (Germany), his birthplace, to Chicago, 111. He lived there with his parents thirteen and a half years. He then came to Langlade County with his parents. The Wojtasiak family settled on a farm in Antigo township. At the age of twenty young Wojtasiak left the farm and began life as a railroader, being employed as a fireman. He also engaged in sawmill and general carpenter work until the year 1921. He has since been engaged in contracting and building and has the distinction of having erected some of the finest residences in the city of Antigo. Mr. Wojtasiak was united in marriage to Apolinia Kubia- czyk, a daughter of Valentine Kubiaczyk, pioneer set- tler. To this union two children have been born, Stan- islaus, who died in infancy, and Theophil, age 9. Mr. Wojtasiak resides at 1515 Fifth Avenue, he having sold his previous residence at 715 Deleglise street in 1919. He erected his present residence then. He is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose and the Polish National Alliance of America. The Wojtasiak family attends St. Hyacinth's church. 278 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. JOHN CHERF. One of the really prominent pio- neers of Langlade County is John Cherf, a resident of the town of Antigo, who was born May 17, 1853, in Bohemia. When an infant his father died and with his mother and step-father the young child mov- ed to America. The family settled in Cooperstown township, Manitowoc County, where Mr. Cherf lived until he was twenty-three years of age. He then was united in marriage to Katharine Skvor of the town of Cooperstown on January 1, 1876. To this union nine children, one of whom. Rose, is deceased, were born. The children are Mary, now Mrs. Joseph Sazama of Antigo township; James Cherf of Polar township; Anna, now Mrs. William Conn of White Lake; Emma, now Mrs. Charles Leitrich of Rolling; Julia, now Mrs. Morgan Harrison of Antigo township; Christine, now Mrs. George Miller of Antigo township; Tressa, now Mrs. Hiram Horn of Antigo, and Bessie, now Mrs. Oliver Mader of Antigo township. Upon Mr. Cherf's marriage he purchased a farm in Cooperstown and resided on it for two years. He then sold the land and moved to Antigo's present site, then known as Springbrook. He purchased five lots where M. Krom's store, Berner Brothers' plant, Bau- ter's gallery and Neuberger's shoe store is for $25. Here Mr. Cherf erected a little log cabin in 1878 and two years later moved to the town of Antigo, where he has lived since. He built the first bridge on Fifth Avenue over Springbrook near the old Neff blacksmith shop. He now has thirty-two acres of land on section 32, Township 31, Range 11 East, where he spends his declining years. Mr. Cherf has led a life of industry, is of high standing in his community and as one of the first of the pioneers, has lived to see Antigo grow from nothing nearly a half century ago to a thriving city of nearly ten thousand energetic souls. Fraternally, Mr. Cherf is affiliated with the E. F. U. lodge. JAMES BEATTIE. James Beattie, the father of Homer Beattie, the successful potato grower of Lang- lade County, was born in Clayton, Wisconsin, Septem- ber 14, 1860, the son of James and Nancy (Winfield) Beattie. He attended the public schools of Clayton in his boyhood days and later entered the Neenah (Wis.) High School. Leaving High School, Mr. Beat- tie began in the agricultural field by working on his mother's farm, his father having died when he was a boy. Mr. Beattie moved with his family to Antigo, Wis- consin, in 1893, and has since spent his days in and about this city. He was united in marriage March 3, 1886, to Hattie Babcock to which union six children were born, namely : Murray K. Beattie, who married Ann Hagelschine; Homer C. Beattie, who was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Culbertson of Antigo on July 20, 1921; Edna L. Beattie, now Mrs. Earl Georgeson and whose marriage occurred June 8, 1914; Lucius D. Beattie, who is married to Miss Gertrude Brooke; Janet, a student, resides with her parents; one child, Ruth, is deceased. The James Beattie residence is at 217 Field street, Antigo, Wis. HERMAN HIRT. Germany has furnished to Wis- consin many men who have attained leadership in business and political life and have proven loyal and substantial citizens. Among those men can be found Herman Hirt, who was born in Dueringen, Germany, the son of William and Caroline Hirt. Mr. Hirt was born February 16, 1875. At the age of thirteen he imigrated to the United States with his parents, who came direct to the Town of Antigo, Langlade County, Wisconsin. Here the lad attended parochial schools and in the time intervening aided his father on the farm, which he had started in the wilderness. Mr. Hirt grew to manhood on his father's farm, staying there until 1904, the year his father passed away. His mother died a few years later. He then became asso- ciated with his brother in the well known Hirt Broth- ers Lumber Company and Hirt Brothers flour mill of Deerbrook, Neva township and of Antigo. Mr. Hirt has charge of the flour mill at Antigo, holding the posi- tion of foreman. Herman Hirt has been a success in life and his rec- ord is a practical demonstration of what can be ac- complished when honesty of purpose is supplemented by industry and perseverance. THOMAS GRESKOVIAK. Rolling township is the home of some of the earliest settlers in Langlade County. The parents of Thomas Greskoviak, the sub- ject of this sketch, settled in that township in March, 1888, when it was yet a sparsely settled community. Thomas Greskoviak was born on February 19, 1892, . the son of Agnes and Albert Greskoviak. He was the last of five children in the family. He attended the rural school in District No. 3, of Rolling following which he engaged in farming for four years. During the winter months he began to log and was engaged in that occupation for five years. He then followed railroading for three years. During the summer months, for five consecutive seasons, he engaged in the threshing business, and at that time was one of the county's leading threshermen. He became proprietor of the Antigo Bottling Works in 1919 and operated that plant until December 1, 1921, when he sold to the Taylor Beverage & Candy Co. of Rhinelander, Wis. Mr. Greskoviak has since been engaged in financing and distributing a fumigating container, which will, no doubt, have a great demand. The container can be worn in a pocket and is a safeguard against diseases, particularly colds and influenza. Mrs. Agnes Gres- koviak is still living, residing in Antigo township. Al- bert Greskoviak passed away on April 29, 1922, and is buried in the Antigo Catholic cemetery. He had sold his farm in 1920 and spent his last years in re- tirement in the city of Antigo. MICHAEL F. CROWE, a retired pioneer locomo- tive engineer, residing at 836 Superior street, Antigo, Wisconsin, was born in Schuylkill County, Pennsyl- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 279 vania, on June 11, 1850, the son of Cornelius and Mary (Garvey) Crowe. He was the fifth of eight children. When he reached the age of twelve he was taken out of school to begin work in the anthracite coal mines. The Civil War was then raging and due to the short- age of man power the boys were used in menial work about the mines. It was Mr. Crowe's duty to haul coal from the mines on a cart to which a mule was hitch- ed. At the close of the war, 1865, he moved with his parents to Neenah, Winnebago County in 1866. A half year later, Cornelius Crowe took up a tract of land in Grand Chute township, near Appleton, Wis. When Mr. Crowe had worked for three years on the farm he started out to seek his fortune, going to Cheyenne, Wyoming, which then consisted of nine buildings, eight of which were saloons and the ninth a trading post. English traders were there at that time pur- chasing buffalo hides. Mr. Crowe hired out to a Mr. Van Dueren, cattle owner, of Red Oak, Iowa, as a cat- tle herder. The equipment consisted of two bronchos, a revolver and a sawed-off shotgun, used to blind cat- tle in a stampede. He stayed in that service for two years, being sta- tioned between Cheyenne and Ft. Larma, Wyo. He returned to the farm in Grand Chute and a little while later hired out as a brakeman on the old M. L. S. & W. R. R. Co. Gerry Donohue was then Superinten- dent and the road went as far as New London, Wis. He first "braked" for Conductor "Vet" Graves. Acci- dents among brakemen were numerous and therefore Mr. Crowe entered the firing service in 1877. Three years later he was promoted, 1880, to the rank of an engineer. He first piloted Engine No. 1, called the "Ben Jones." He served as an engineer on the old Lake Shore road until it was purchased by the North- western road in 1893 and thereupon Mr. Crowe was in the employ of the latter concern in passenger serv- ice for nearly thirty years and for eight years on the Wolf River Branch out of Antigo, Wis. He was pen- sioned after nearly fifty years of railroad service on December 1, 1921. May 14, 1922, Langlade Division, B. of L. E., of which he has been a member for over forty years, presented Engineers H. Darton and George Watson, together with Mr. Crowe, with a Badge of Honor, which they prize very highly. Mr. Crowe was united in marriage August 12, 1884, to Mary Hickey, daughter of Michael and Mary Hickey, of New London, Wis. To this union three children were born, as follows : George, deceased, was born May 27, 1885, in Antigo, Wis. He attended the public schools and graduated from the Antigo High School after which he was employed as an accountant in the C. & N. W. offices of Antigo. He enlisted when the World War broke out and served as a Lieutenant in the Medical Detachment of the 81st Field Artillery. He died in service at Camp Mills, N. J., on October 30, 1918, and was buried with military honors at An- tigo, Wis. Niel Crowe, the second son, was born April 27, 1889. He is a physician and surgeon at Delavan, Wisconsin. He served in the World War as a Captain, being sta- tioned at Manchester, England, in the Western Gener- al Hospital there. John Earle Crowe, the third son, was born Decem- ber 27, 1896. He is now a student in the College of Medicine of Marquette University, from which he graduates as a dentist in 1923. The Crowe family has resided in Antigo since 1882. M. F. Crowe has been identified with much of Antigo's public work, served for thirteen years on the City Council from either the Third or First wards, was Chairman of the Board of Public Works for four years when the sanitary sewers were laid in Antigo, was for two years Chairman of the Board of Public Proper- ty and was a member of the Council Committee select- ed at one time to investigate the feasibility of a muni- cipal gas plant. FRED FREDERICK GOEMAN. One of the lead- ing and most successful farmers of Rolling township, Langlade County, is Fred Frederick Goeman, who was born in Hanover, Germany, on September 12, 1869, the son of Fred and Augusta (Frisch) Goeman. When thirteen years old he came to the United States with his mother. One year before then his father had imigrated to America to seek his fortune. The family came direct to Antigo, Wisconsin. Young Goeman at- tended the evening English school under Rev. A. Grimm. For three years he lived in the city of An- tigo and then his father purchased a farm in Rolling township. The farm consisted of 200 acres. Here Mr. Goeman spent all of his life. He was united in marriage to Amelia Hattel. To this union seven chil- dren were born : Max A., Walter, Arthur, Fred, Irma, Esther and Mildred. The Goeman family attends the Peace Evangelical church of Antigo. Mr. Goeman has served for many years as a school Treasurer in his school district. As a farmer, Mr. Goeman has taken a keen inter- est in pure blooded stock. He has thirty-eight head of Holstein and high grade cattle. He also has been successful with full blood Poland China hogs. The Goeman family is one that has long enjoyed the friendship and esteem of the best people of the community which has been their home so many years and they are in every detail worthy of the high place they occupy in popular confidence and respect. JOSEPH CRUMMEY. Lumbering furnished to Langlade County many of its potential and industrious citizens. It opened up a wide avenue of commerce in a day when agriculture and other industries were just in their infancy. From all parts of the United States east of Wisconsin settlers came into Langlade County during the pine rush. Joseph Crummey, one of the pioneer lumbermen of the Wolf River country, was born in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, on February 7, 1849, the son of Johanna and John Crummey. He attended the rural schools of Summit Township of Waukesha County and after his school days assisted his father on the farm. He then moved to Oshkosh, Winnebago 280 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. County, Wisconsin, at the age of nineteen, being a resident of that place from 1868 to 1885. He then moved to Antigo, then a small village, and spent the greater part of his career here as a lumberman or he followed railroading. Mr. Crummey was united in marriage on September 11, 1876, to Miss Jennie Cusick, daughter of Phillip and Serina Cusick, of Oshkosh, Wis. To this union nine children were born, two of whom, James and Mary, are deceased. Those living are William, Serina, Jennie, Katherine, Joseph, George and Agnes, of Anti- CLARENCE J. TE SELLE. A prominent lumber- man and member of the Langlade County bar, was born in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, on August 7, 1887. He received a common school education and completed the High School of Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin. In 1905 he entered the State University at Madison and graduated from the College of Letters and Science in 1909 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He gradu- ated from the College of Law, University of Wiscon- sin, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1911. Fol- lowing his admission to the State Bar in 1911, he be- CLARENCE J. TeSELLE Secretary-Treasurer of the Hensliaw Lumber Co., prominent mombor of the Langlade County bar, former District .Attorney of Langlade Comity and Government .Appeal .\gent during the World War, who was probably connected with more \\'orld War activities in Langlade Conntj- than any other citizen. go. Wis. The Crummey residence is at 1145 Sixth avenue. Joseph Crummey, Jr., was married to Clara Cheslak on May 2, 1916. Mrs. Crummey passed away on July 24, 1922, and is buried in the Antigo Catholic ceme- tery. The Crummey family attends St. John's Catholic church of Antigo. The subject of this sketch has led a life unmarked by exciting events, yet a straight-for- ward career has gained for him the high regard of all with whom he has come in contact. gan the practice of his profession in Antigo in 1912. Attorney Te Selle was elected District Attorney of Langlade County for three consecutive terms (1913- 19). He was married in 1915 to Mabelle Henshaw, daugh- ter of Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Henshaw, and has two children, Janette and Clarence, Jr. At the outbreak of the World War, Mr. Te Selle was appointed Government Appeal Agent (see Mili- tary Chapter) by Provost Marshal General E. H. Crowder and served in this capacity with the Selective HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 281 Service Board of Langlade County during the war. Also organized the Langlade Council of Defense at the request of the State Council of Defense and served as its Secretary and on its Executive committee dur- ing its existence. He organized the Langlade chapter of the American Red Cross and was elected and still is a member of its Board of Directors. He served as Chairman of the Victory Loan committee, which suc- cessfully put over the united war fund campaign in Langlade County. He was appointed as Chairman of the Four Minute Men, speaking organization in the county and was probably connected with more diver- sified war activities in Langlade County than any other citizen. In 1919 Attorney Te Selle quit the practice of law and became Secretary-Treasurer of the Henshaw Lum- ber Company and is still in this business. LUTHER E. FARNHAM. One of the best known Langlade County families and one of the most highly esteemed ones is represented worthily by Luther E. Farnham, a prominent resident of Antigo. Mr. Farn- ham was born on March 22, 1858, the son of Eliza and Abner Farnham, at Lake Geneva, Walworth County, Wisconsin. He attended the public schools of his na- tive city and then entered Whitewater Normal, plan- ning to qualify for the teaching profession. Mr. Farn- ham taught for three years in Walworth County, fol- lowing which he became engaged in agriculture, which he followed for twenty years. On December 11, 1883, he was married to Hattie Allen, to which union three children were born, name- ly: Florence, now Mrs. C. G. Dittmer, Madison, Wis.; Lila E., Mrs. E. A. Yahr, deceased; and Alice A., now Mrs. Carl Duchac, of Antigo. Mr. Farnham came to Antigo to make his home on September 7, 1907. He was associated with E. H. Yahr in the coal and wood business from 1912 to 1919 when that firm sold out to Dakin & Strong. Since 1916 Mr. Farnham has been the Langlade Coun- ty representative of the Inter-State Oil Company and he devotes his attention exclusively to that business. The Inter-State Oil Company enjoys an extensive pat- ronage in and adjacent to Antigo and Langlade Coun- ty. Mr. Farnham has never been active in public life in Antigo. He held township and school offices at Augusta, Wisconsin, where he lived nine years, from 1898 to 1907. The Farnham residence is at 524 Hud- son street, Antigo, Wis. The Farnhams are members of the First Congrega- tional church. FRANK E. VANDERVEST, barber, was born March 14, 1872, at Ludington, Michigan, the son of Adelate and Joseph Vandervest. After attending the public schools he began to learn the barber business which he has followed for thirty years. He came to Langlade County in November, 1898, from Mattoon, Shawano County. With the exception of three years, he has since, been a resident of Antigo. Mr. Vander- vest was married to Vetline Ano, daughter of Israel Ano, pioneer Norwood township settler. Three chil- dren were born to this union, one passing away. Mr. Vandervest has his barber shop located in the Ullman block on Superior street. His first barber shop was located on the present site of the Neff-Roberts build- ing over seventeen years ago. Mr. Vandervest is a member of the E. F. U. and M. W. A. fraternities. The Vandervest family resides at 308 Superior street. CARL KRAUSE, shoe merchant, was born in Ger- many, June 17, 1878. He came to America at an early age. After attending the public school, high school and Wittenberg Academy, he came to Antigo. Here he was employed at various occupations, woodworker, engineer for Crocker Chair Co. for seven years, clerk for Louis Krom eleven years and two years in a cleri- cal position with E. S. Rayworth. He opened the Champion Shoe Shop, Fifth avenue, in 1913, since moved to his present location. Mr. Krause was mar- ried to Emilie Moldenhaur in Antigo, February 23, 1903. Two children were born to this union, a boy and a girl. Mr. Krause is an active member of the Peace Lutheran church, is a trustee of the church and a member of the parochial school board. The Krause residence is at 1124 Third avenue. I. D. STEFFEN, M. D. Thrice Mayor of Antigo and a representative citizen who has taken an active part in the advancement of the city, was born at Hor- tonville, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, December 17, 1855, the son of John and Applonia (Stark) Steffen. The Steffen family moved to Wisconsin from New York state in the spring of 1855. As a boy Dr. Steffen attended the rural schools of Hortonville and then en- tered Lawrence University from which he graduated in 1879. By thrift and diligence he was able to earn enough money to take him through the Rush Medical College of Chicago. Previously he had studied medi- cine under Dr. Hardacker of Hortonville. In 1900 Dr. Steffen took a post graduate course in surgery and med- icine in the New York Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital, New York City. In 1884, Dr. Steffen was married to Miss Effie L. Nye of Hortonville, Wisconsin. To this union five children were born as follows : Bernice E., now Mrs. E. S. Nelson, of Antigo; Dr. Lyman A., who was grad- uated in medicine from Rush Medical College on June 10, 1912, served as a Major during the World War, be- ing attached to the British Expeditionary Force, and now associated with his father in Antigo; Glydon F., deceased; Margaret, instructor in history, and Richard D. Steffen, a student. Mrs. Steffen passed away on July 25, 1922, and was laid to rest in the Antigo ceme- tery. Dr. Steffen was first elected mayor of Antigo in 1890 and then served again in 1899-1900 and was the first mayor elected under the commission form of govern- ment, in 1914. During his administration in 1890, the water system was laid out, in 1899 and 1900 his ad- ministration was instrumental in putting in a proper 282 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. sewerage system in the city, a very necessary improve- ment. Dr. Steffen is a member of the Langlade Coun- ty Medical Society, the Wisconsin State Medical So- ciety, the American Medical Association, and the American Association of Railway Surgeons. For the past thirty years he has been surgeon for the Chicago & Northwestern railroad. Dr. Steffen opened the first hospital in the city of Antigo in 1890. Fraternally he holds memberships in the Masonic orders, has serv- ed as Master of the Blue Lodge and as High Priest in the Chapter. He was also the first eminent Com- mander of the Antigo Commandery, Knights Templars. Dr. Steffen is a member of the Ancient Accepted Scot- tish Rite of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He is President of the Langlade National Bank of Antigo since 1918. Previously he was a vice-president and a director of that institution. Dr. Steffen came to Antigo two years after the city was incorporated, 1887. He has seen Antigo and Langlade County grow from a hamlet and wilderness to a splendid progressive community. Among the many positions of honor and trust that the doctor has held while a resident of the city of Antigo was an appointment to a position on the State Board of Health by Governor J. J. Blaine in June, 1921. This appointment was unsolicited and came as a surprise. It is a position of honor and a recognition of the quali- fications of this distinguished Antigo citizen. IGNATZ FRANK PAWLAK. A well known rail- road man of Antigo, was born in Gala, Poland, the son of Mary and Stanislaus Pawlak. He attended paro- chial schools and during summer vacations worked on his parents' farm as a boy. When twenty-one years of age he came to the United States. One year previous- ly his mother had died, his father having died when he was but two years old. Both are buried in the city of Jarazrewo, Poland. Coming to the United States Mr. Pawlak came direct to Antigo and stayed here for a year. He then moved to Chicago and three years later to Milwaukee, from where he returned to Antigo. He then bought a farm in Rolling township and en- gaged in agriculture for five years. He again moved to the city of Antigo to become chief blacksmith for the C. & N. W. shops. He previously conducted a blacksmith shop on Fourth Avenue for twelve years, assuming the position with the Northwestern in the fall of 1912. Mr. Pawlak was united in marriage on April 18, 1893, to Frances Jankowski, daughter of Constantine Jan- kowski of Rolling township. To this union five chil- dren, three of whom are dead, were born. Those de- ceased are : Mary, Felix and Agnes. Helen and Frank reside with their parents at 803 Clermont Street. The Pawlak family attends St. Hyacinth church. Mr. Pawlak is a former Treasurer of the church congrega- tion. During the World War he was active in pro- moting the cause of America among his fellow men. GEORGE HADLER, JR. The soil of Langlade County has attracted new settlers from every part of the United States and Europe. Progressive farmers are found everywhere in the county. Among them is George Hadler, Jr., who moved to Norwood township on September 10, 1917 from Plymouth, Sheboygan County. Mr. Hadler purchased eighty acres and in De- cember, 1920, added 40 acres to his fine farm. George Hadler, Jr., was born in Plymouth tov.'nship, Sheboy- gan County, July 15, 1869, the son of George and Chris- tine Hadler. He attended the public schools and then engaged in agriculture. October 26. 1906, he was unit- ed in marriage to Freida Lange. Two children, boys, Herbert John Albert, age H and Willard Edward John Hadler, age 6, blessed this union, which was severed March 14, 1917, when Mrs. Hadler passed away follow- ing an operation. She was laid to rest in the Plymouth Lutheran cemetery. George Hadler, Jr., his mother, and children then came to this county. George Hadler, Sr., died February 2, 1916. The Hadler family profess the Lutheran faith. The Hadler farm is situated in the Maple Grove district. PETER HIGGINS, SR. Was born October, 1846, in Tipperary, County Mayo, Ireland. At age of four he came to the U. S. with his parents, settling in Chil- ton, Calumet County, Wisconsin. Attended the common schools, then engaged in farming in Chilton township on Fond du Lac road. In 1868 he married Kate Lynch, a sister of Thomas Lynch, Antigo's first Mayor. Five children were born, three boys, Henry, Peter, and William and two daughters. Peter Higgins moved to Ackley township in 1889 settling on the old John Nelson farm, section 10, town 31, range 10 East. 160 acres was on the old Nelson place, 40 acres he pur- chased from the Baldwin Estate and 80 acres from Frank Metcalf. Here he lived thirty years. He died in the spring of 1919, having been preceded in death by his wife. His remains were interred in the Antigo cemetery. Peter, Henry and William Higgins, sons, reside in this county. Henry Higgins was born on November 4, 1869. He married Elizabeth Kennedy October 28, 1893. Two children bless this union, one boy, Eugene, and one girl, Mrs. Oscar Jerke, Kau- kauna. Wis. He is a member of the L. O. O. M., E. F. U., Beav- ers R. F. F., and has for the past five years been em- ployment agent for the Langlade Lumber Company, Antigo, Wis. He resides at 1423 N. Superior street, Antigo, Wis. OLIVER SHADICK, SR. A pioneer citizen, who first trod Langlade County soil in 1869 is the subject of this sketch. Oliver Shadick, Sr., was born in the town of Clayton, Winnebago County, December 22, 1849 and spent his boyhood on a farm with his par- ents. At age of 20 he cruised through the Military Road country up as far as Gardner's Dam, thence cross- ed over the Wolf, struck out west, traveling by compass and sun, and camped one night on the site of the Faust mill in Antigo, on Springbrook banks. May, 1871, Mr. Shadick bought eighteen 40's of timber that scaled 2^ 2 logs to the thousand. November 18, 1875 he took up a homestead claim 1 2 rn'le south of Phlox, section 35, HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 283 Township 30, Range 12 East, the first in Norwood. November 23, 1880, Mr. Shadick married Caroline De Broux of Grand Chute, Outagamie County. Eleven children were born to this union, eight of whom are liv- ing. Mr. Shadick moved from Phlox, Norwood town- ship in the summer of 1887 to Antigo and lived there until 1912 when he moved to Pearson, Ainsworth town- ship, where he now resides. He has seen Langlade County grow from a wilderness to "The Best County in the State." MATT WACHAL, JR. Was born in Ackley town- ship April 29, 1897, the son of Mary and Matt Wachal, Sr. He attended the Ackley schools and then engaged in agriculture. In 1919 Mr. Wachal took over the 40 acre farm which he now possesses. It is known as the old Sobish or McDonald place and is located in Fernwood district. Rolling township. Mr. Wachal was married to Mary Noskowiak of Rolling township, June 2, 1919. Two children, girls, bless this union. The subject of this sketch finds time to get acquainted, is an enthusiastic member of the L. O. 0. M. and is well respected in the township and county. He was the or- ganizer and President of the Fernwood Telephone Company. He has successfully served as Clerk of the Fernwood school district. MARTIN D. ROBRECHT. In the early history of Langlade County there are many accounts of the trials and brave sacrifices of those who are numbered among the first settlers of the various districts and townships. Without these courageous pioneers the bustle of urban existence would not at this day replace the low flight of the prairie chicken, the wild fowl and the Wolf pack. Among the families that have contributed their share toward the development of Langlade County is that of Martin D. Robrecht, Senior and family. Martin D. Robrecht, Jr., was born in Bremen, Germany, Septem- ber 18, 1870, the son of Martin D. and Johanna (Koch) Robrecht. When a child of thirteen he moved with his parents to the United States. The journey across the Atlantic was a stormy and perilous one for these hardy imigrants to the New World. They left Germany on January 23, 1883, and arrived at Defiance, Ohio, their destination, February 13, 1883, being twenty-one days on the trip, two days of which were spent going from New York to Ohio. The father settled on a farm in Henry County, Ohio, in the spring of 1883 and in the fall of 1886 decided to locate in Northern Wisconsin. Arriving in Langlade County the family lived with the Carl Frill family, pioneer Antigo township settlers, un- til their own little cabin home was erected in Polar township on section 30. Martin Robrecht, Sr., purchas- ed a half of the Johnson Hutchins homestead located in the section named in Polar township. The country was a vast wilderness. Thus young Martin became a valuable asset to his father in chopping away the for- est trees, pulling stumps and clearing the farm, which was a tract of virgin timber. Forty acres were cleared with the axe. It was on this farm that Martin Ro- brecht Sr., spent the rest of his life, which ended De- cember 14, 1912. He has lived to see a prosperous farm grow from a once wild country; to see a city where when he came Antigo was but a hamlet. His wife still lives on the farm. Martin Robrecht, Jr., was united in marriage July 15, 1902, to Mallie Haefs of Algoma to which union nine children were born: namely, Glenford, Raymond and Norman, deceased; six living are: Arnold, Howard, Esther, Marvin, Elmer and Ervin. The Robrecht fami- ly resides at 234 Dorr street, Antigo, Wis. Since coming to Langlade County, Mr. Robrecht has held various offices of responsibility and trust. He was Assessor of Polar township for two years; leaving the farm he became engaged as a carpenter for the Chicago & Northwestern railroad for a time; was em- ployed as City Marshal of Antigo under the Mayoralty term of the late T. W. Hogan for a year. In 1900 he was appointed as a Deputy State Conservation Warden and served efficiently until 1908 for eight years. He has held the office of Deputy Sheriff for the past twen- ty years. In 1913 he became branch manager of the Pabst Brewing Company interests in Antigo and on September 29, 1919, he purchased their entire interests and now conducts a beverage and soft drink distribut- ing agency of his own. He was appointed as Under- Sheriff by Edward Buchen. Mr. Robrecht is a mem- ber of the Masonic order, being the youngest member ever initiated into the Antigo lodge, is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose and the Eagles fraternity. In 1922 he was a Republican candidate for Sheriff of Langlade County. Mr. Robrecht is an extensive property holder and in the successful pursuit of his life work in Antigo and vicinity has gained a wide acquaintance and a host of friends. ROBERT C. WOJAN. Is an early resident of An- tigo, who has, by his energy and progress, made a suc- cess of the years he has resided in the county. He was born August 17, 1882, in Germany, the son of Augusta (Wentdland) and Charles Wojan, also early Antigo residents. When but three years of age he moved with his parents to Antigo. Here he attended the public and parochial schools. His educational years over young Robert began life at various occupations, prin- cipally with the P. J. Koelzer Flour & Feed store, an early Antigo institution. He began his plumbing trade with the J. C. Lewis Hardware Company for which firm he was employed a number of years. Feb- ruary 16, 1910, he was united in marriage to Miss Martha Ebert, also a native of Germany, daughter of August Ebert, a brother of Fred Ebert, a former Antigo fire department chief, who has been active in other city affairs. To this union two children were born, namely: Herbert, now nine years old and Robert, Jr., age 3. The Wojan family attends the Peace Lutheran church, of which Mr. Wojan is a member of the Church Council. They reside at 320 Lincoln street. Since 1906 he has been connected with the Louis Peters plumbing shop of Antigo, having been in the plumbing business since 1902. 284 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Charles Wojan passed away April 21, 1915, and his wife followed him in death May 24, 1921. Eleven chil- dren were in the Wojan family. Robert, Richard, Em- ma, now Mrs. Louis Strehlow, Emil, Edward and Esther, all live in Antigo and Mary, now Mrs. August Uebel, resides at Hurley, Wis. William, Otto and Paul are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Wojan are buried in the Antigo cemetery. The late Charles Wo- jan was born May 1, 1852, and while in Langlade Coun- ty was an early employe of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western railroad. E. A. MORSE. Former Congressman from the 9th Congressional District, was born on a farm in Racine County, Wisconsin, the son of Addison J. and Susette (French) Morse on May 11, 1870. He spent his boy- hood days on the farm and there attended the public schools, later entering Ripon College from which he graduated in 1893. January 1, 1894, he became the Superintendent of the County Schools of Racine Coun- ty, which position he occupied with success. He left the educational field for law, which he chose as his proper field and in 1899 entered the law department of the University of Wisconsin, graduating in 1900. He came direct to Antigo, Langlade County, after his graduation and began the practice of law. His legal work was interrupted, however, by his successive re- elections to the Sixty-First and Sixty-Second con- gresses, where Mr. Morse made a fine record. Mr. Morse is President of the Morse & Tradewell Company, a corporation whose activities embrace law, real estate, loans, insurance, lumbering, and other busi- ness enterprises. Before his election to Congress, Mr. Morse served as City Attorney of Antigo and it was during his term of office that the first revision of the ordinances of the city was made. In 1896, he was married to Myra Tradewell, daugh- ter of Wesley and Jane Tradewell, to which union one child, Catherine Susette, was born. The Morse resi- dence is at 600 First Avenue. Mrs. Morse is active in church and social affairs in Antigo and a leader in the Antigo Woman's Club. Mr. Morse is largely responsible for the Antigo post office as it was during his term in Congress that the appropriation for the erection of this splendid public building was passed. The measures were introduced into Congress by him. Fraternally Congressman Morse is a Mason, with Commandery affiliations, and is a member of the B. P. 0. E. and the M. W. A. The Morse family attends the Congregational Church. EDWARD GOEBEL. Among the prominent pio- neers of Langlade County there are none better known and no more highly respected citizens than Ed- ward Goebel, the Editor of The Antigo Banner and founder of The Antigo Herold. Mr. Goebel was born in Saalfeld (Saale) Germany on December 10, 1864, the son of Ernestine (Kitt) and Herman Goebel, and the first of four children. As a boy and youth he at- tended the public schools of Saalfeld, graduating from the high school of that place in 1881. He then studied Bookkeeping and Journalism and before immigrating to America was engaged on the Saalfeld Kreisblott, a publication now in its 106th year of life, and on the ex- change list of The Antigo Banner. Mr. Goebel was ambitious to come to America, the land of which he had heard so much, and when but nineteen years of age he arrived in New York City in the fall of 1883. He went westward to Fort Howard, Brown County, Wisconsin, and spent six months with relatives. His first employment in America as a Journalist was on the Green Bay Landsmann, a German weekly publication. He then associated himself with the Appleton Wecker, becoming its Editor in 1886. Two years later Mr. Goe- bel severed his connections with the Wecker and moved to Antigo, Langlade County, Wisconsin. Antigo was then a city of but three years of age. He launched the Antigo Herold, the first issue appearing on October KUWAKD GOEBEL Editor of tin Antigo Hanner. who has resided in .Antigo since 1S8S. 20, 1888. The Herold from then on played an import- ant part in the commercial, political, economic and so- cial advancement of Antigo and its vicinity. Decem- ber 5, 1919, Mr. Goebel sold The Herold and launched The Antigo Banner, which is discussed in a chapter elsewhere in this work. The Banner he now edits and publishes weekly. Mr. Goebel was united in marriage on November 10, 1888, to Minnie Weltzine, a daughter of Johanna (Scho- knecht) and John Weltzine of Greenville, Outagamie County, Wisconsin. To this union five children were born, namely: Elsie, now Mrs. F. S. Baldwin, Superior, Wis.; Flora, now Mrs. F. W. Mehne, Antigo, Wis.; Cecelia, now Mrs. 0. J. Swanson, Elcho, Wis.; Harvey and Erwin, both of Antigo, Wis. The Goebel home is at 242 Field Street, Antigo, Wis. Fraternally, Mr. Goebel is an active Beaver and a member of the Order of Owls. Mrs. Goebel is a mem- ber of the Ladies of the G. A. R. (MacPherson Cir- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 285 cle) and a Beaver. The family attends the Unity Evangelical Church. During the World War, Mr. Goebel proved himself a very loyal citizen. His newspaper was active in the support of the United States and its allies. One son, Harvey, was overseas, fighting with the 107th Trench Mortar Battery, Antigo's unit. Erwin was too young to enlist. Mr. Goebel has never cared for public life but takes a very keen interest in all matters that affect the com- munity. JOHN W. BROWN. President and manager of the Langlade County Abstract Company, with which he has been identified since coming to Antigo in 1905, was born on Long Island, New York, January 1, 1851, the son of John J. and Hester E. (Townsend) Brown. In October, 1857, with his parents, he moved to Wiscon- sin, locating at Kilbourn, Columbia County, where his father later became postmaster and still later, was there occupied as express and insurance agent. In 1876 the father moved to Chicago, there continuing un- til death claimed him in 1891, the mother passing away in the same year. Thus John W. Brown was for the most part reared in Kilbourn, Wisconsin, and there he attended the public school and the Methodist Institute. In 1861 he went to work for the Milwaukee Sz St. Paul Railroad Company, his work being that of billing clerk at Kilbourn. From that position he stepped into the employ of the bank of Kilbourn and the law office con- ducted by Jonathan Bowman. For seventeen years he was employed in that bank, advancing in those years from the post of clerk to bookkeeper and in 1876 be- coming Cashier in which post he served until 1886, when he was elected Register of Deeds for Columbia County. For four years he held that office, and then moved to Berlin, Wis., to take a position as cashier of the Berlin National Bank continuing therein from 1891 to 1904. In 1905 he came to Antigo, Wisconsin, to take charge of the business he is now conducting. Mr. Brown was married in 1877 at Kilbourn, Wiscon- sin to Miss Lucia Pedelupe, daughter of the Rev. J. B. Pedelupe, who was a native of Marseilles, France, and whose wife, Adeline Creteil, was born in Paris. The father was a Minister of the Episcopal church. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Brown : Adeline, the eldest, was the wife of the late Harry Hendall Bassett, Professor of English at the Universi- ty of Wisconsin, to which union four children were born; Robert P., now deceased, survived by his wife, Emilida Baensch Brown, a daughter of Judge Emil Baensch of Manitowoc County, and two children; and John Townsend Brown, engaged in business in Antigo. Mr. Brown is a member of the I. 0. O. F. and is a Past Grand Master of Wisconsin and he is also Past Grand Representative of the state. He is also a mem- ber of the Modern Woodmen of America. He was a member of the Board of Supervisors of Columbia County for five years, is a Republican in pol- itics and has appeared as a delegate to many state con- ventions. He was chosen census supervisor for the Ninth Census District of Wisconsin in 1910. Mr. Brown is a member of the Wisconsin Historical Socie- ty. The Brown residence is at 911 Clermont Street, Antigo, Wis. ^ DR. J. N. PROKUPEK. Among the prominent pro- fessional men of Langlade County, who have made notable successes in their work in Antigo is Dr. J. N. Prokupek, who has his dental offices in the First Na- tional Bank building. Dr. Prokupek was born on a farm in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, the son of Jennie and Joseph Pro- kupek. He attended rural school and the Kewaunee High School from which he graduated in 1902. Dr. Prokupek was also a student at Stevens Point Normal. He worked his way, so to speak, through both high school and later through the Wisconsin College of Physicians and Surgeons, now Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis., from which institution he graduated in dentistry in 1912. He worked in Milwaukee until that fall coming to Antigo, November 10, 1912. Dr. Prokupek opened offices in the First National Bank building where he is now enjoying an extensive and lucrative practice. He is a member of the Central Wisconsin, the Wisconsin State and the National Den- tal Associations. Before entering college. Dr. Pro- kupek taught school, four years in Kewaunee County and three years in Dorr County, Wisconsin, to enable him to continue his education. He is a member of the Delta Tau Chapter, Psi Omega Dental Fraternity to which he was elected in 1912. Fraternally, Dr. Proku- pek is affiliated with the Beavers Reserve Fund Fra- ternity, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the T. J. Sokol Society and Charter Oak Lodge, Knights of Pythias. Dr. Prokupek resides at 924 Fulton Street, Antigo, Wis. ERNEST STRUBE. The late Ernest Strube, fath- er of Strube Brothers, Antigo painters and decorators, was born in Hanover, Germany, on August 31, 1859. He attended the schools of his native land and assisted his father in his baker shop until he attained his man- hood. At the age of twenty-one years he decided to im- migrate to America, to which nation he came the same year, 1879. Mr. Strube followed his trade of a painter and decorator in New York City and other places on the Atlantic coast. He had heard much of western United States and soon he moved to Sioux City, Iowa. Here he lived for a number of years. Mr. Strube came to Antigo, Langlade County, Wisconsin from Audabon, Iowa, in 1894. An expert in his chosen field, he soon found a steady demand for his services. Before his death he has dec- orated some of the best Antigo residences and practi- cally all of the public buildings. Mr. Strube was twice married. His first wife. Ber- tha Tott, a native of Holland, died in 1889. He re- married in 1892 to Mary Bartz a native of Sorau, Ger- many. The Strube children consisted of three girls and six boys; namely: Gustie and Bertha, deceased; 286 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Herman, who resides at 814 Fulton Street, Antigo, was united in marriage June 1, 1920 to Hulda Applekamp of Pratt Jet., Wis., and to which union two children, Paul and Irma, was born. George resides at 330 Dorr Street. He was united in marriage to Miss Annie Lansky of Antigo in 1915. One child, Morris, was born to this union. Ernest, Paul, Wilfred and Fred- erick all live at Manitowoc, Wis. Martha, a daughter, now Mrs. George Albright, is a resident of Antigo, Wis. Ernest Strube passed away June 8, 1912 and lies at rest in the Antigo cemetery. He was an honored and respected citizen who enjoyed a wide acquaintance. Fraternally he was a member of the Mystic Workers of the World. He was a member of the Unity Evangeli- cal church of which congregation he was a pioneer. JOHN F. UTNEHMER. Among the citizens of Langlade County, who are conspicuous pioneers and who have rendered distinct service to their community is John F. Utnehmer, the son of Charles and Sophia (Douk) Utnehmer. He was born in Appleton, Outa- gamie County, Wisconsin, on June 25, 1879, the second of four children. When four years old he moved to Clintonville with his parents. In 1884 the family mov- ed to the Franklin District, Polar township, Lang- lade County. Here Mr. Utnehmer, as a boy and youth, aided on the farm during the rural school vacations. When twenty-one years old he started out in the world for himself, starting in at the bottom in the lumber business. He was engaged successively by Wunder- lich Brothers at Mayking, Norwood township, the T. D. Kellogg Lumber & Mfg. Company, at Polar, for three years; with the Crocker Chair Co., at Elton, Evergreen township; (he then spent four years on his farm in Polar township). The Utnehmer family then moved to Antigo where the subject of this sketch was employed by the old Antigo Lumber Company until they went bankrupt, then with the Tigerton Lumber Company at Tigerton and for four years with the Faust Lumber Company of Antigo. His occupation was that of a saw setter. Mr. Utnehmer was chosen as a Night Patrolman of the Antigo Police Department on July 2, 1917, and has conducted himself admirably in that position. He has been instrumental in some of the most important cap- tures of "bootleggers" and other criminals in this sec- tion of the state, including the famous Hurley "boot- leggers" who attempted to pass through Antigo with thousands of dollars worth of wines and whiskey in 1920. John F. Utnehmer was united in marriage on July 9, 1902, to Miss Clara Parsons, a daughter of Judge and Mrs. J. W. Parsons. Four children, Hattie, Walter, Oscar and Rueben, bless this union. The family re- sides at 157 Fred street. Mr. Utnehmer is a member of the Beaver's fraternity. His career has been one to reflect credit upon him as a citizen. EDWARD F. KASKE. Among the younger busi- ness men of Antigo who has, by ability and perserver- ance, forged to the front and conducts a highly success- ful enterprise is Edward F. Kaske, the son of Fred and Wihlemina (Brennecke) Kaske, pioneer Antigo resi- dents. Mr. Kaske was born March 5, 1896, in the city of Antigo. He attended the public schools of Antigo and the Antigo High School. He then engaged in rail- road work and various other business ventures until he opened up the Antigo Storage Battery Company shop at 611 Superior Street, Antigo, Wis., September 5, 1919. Mr. Kaske was united in marriage to Miss Florence L Kessen, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Kessen of Bowler, Shawano County, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Kaske reside at 611 Superior Street. Mr. and Mrs. Kaske are members of the Unity Evangelical Church. 'MICHAEL F. HELMBRECHT. Since in pioneer days the Helmbrecht family has played an import- ant part in the development of Langlade County. Michael F. Helmbrecht, a son of Joseph and Anna (Hartel) Helmbrecht was born November 5, 1897, in Peck township, Langlade County. He attended the Peck township rural schools after which he engaged in agriculture on his father's farm in Peck. Mr. Helm- brecht then entered the College of Agriculture, Uni- versity of Wisconsin, from which he graduated as an expert dairyman and manufacturer of cheese in Feb- ruary, 1918. He then went to Waterloo township, Al- lamakee County, Iowa, where for over two years he was in charge of dairy and cheese operations for the D. J. Murphy Cheese Company. Mr. Helmbrecht then returned to Wisconsin and be- came proprietor of the Brookside Cheese Factory, Harrison township, Marathon County, which he pur- chased in 1920 from F. J. Jeske. Mr. Helmbrecht sold the factory to R. F. Pavlichek in 1922. He then ac- cepted a position as Manager of the Fernwood Dairy Produce Company, an Ackley township unit, with fac- tory located at "Woodcock's corner," west of Antigo. June 29, 1920, Mr. Helmbrecht was united in mar- riage to Mary E. Sires, of Waukon, Iowa, to which union one child, Phyllis Jane, was born. The Helmbrecht family attends St. John's Catholic church of Antigo and Mr. Helmbrecht is an active member of Antigo Council No. 1002, Knights of Colum- bus. KARL BOERNER. In every community there may be found among its citizenship men who direct their lives in harmony with the old rule, known as that of the "Three P's — Push — Pluck and Perseverance." To this class Langlade County's only practical furrier, Karl Boerner belongs. Karl Boerner comes from a country in Europe that has produced some of the world's illustrious thinkers — in science, literature, phi- losophy, commerce, agriculture, state affairs and in economics. He was born in Einbeck, Province of Han- over, Germany, June 19, 1886, the son of Wilhelm and Christine (Eiland) Boerner. His early education was completed in Germany and then young Boerner follow- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 287 ed the skilled trade of his father and grandfather, that of a furrier. He is the third of three generations of old master furriers. Karl Boerner, his grandfather, was furrier to the Royal family of Hanover and the Duke of Cumberland; Wilhelm Boerner, his father, was awarded a Diploma of Honor in the Exposition of In- dustry at Hanover in 1876. Karl Boerner served in the Bavarian Army in 1887-90 at Nurenberg. Five years later, July 18, 1895, he was united in marriage to Elizabeth Seeve of Brunswick, Germany. The mar- riage ceremony was performed at Magdeburg, Ger- many, where Karl Boerner's father-in-law resided. He was an inspector of railroads and is now retired from active life. To this union three children were born: Irmagarde, now Mrs. John Reckinger, of Antigo; Guenthner of Antigo and Richard, also of Antigo. Mr. Boerner first visited Antigo in 1891 and stayed here for three years, then leaving for Chicago, 111. He returned to Antigo in 1915 and has since had his furrier offices in the Molle building. He resides in Antigo township, just a short distance from the business sec- tion of Antigo. The subject of this sketch has followed his profes- sion in Denmark and Sweden, the land of his nativity and in the United States and is an expert furrier. He is a member of the Unity Evangelical Church and holds the office of Congregational Secretary. He has served as Justice of the Peace and as a school clerk in the district in which he resides in Antigo township. He is an officer in the Antigo rural telephone company. Mr. Boerner can vividly recall many reminiscences of happenings in Antigo during his first business career here. He has made two visits to Europe since coming to America. Mr. Boerner is held in high regard as a citizen by a wide acquaintance which the present and coming generations can not do better than to emulate. JULIUS BELOW. It is not always the men of a community who make the greatest clamor and who take the prominent places who contribute the most to the solid growth and development of a community. It is, rather, an undisputable fact that some of the quiet, steady-going and persistent men have left more indeli- ble marks upon their home town than a showy individ- ual. Among these reliables is none other than Julius Below, pioneer tailor and chiropractor. He studied his Chiropractic profession in Elizabeth Hospital. Mr. Below was born in Greminz, Germany, March 29, 1858, the son of Freida (Von Bork) and August Below. He attended the public schools of his birthplace and then learned the tailor trade and the profession now known as Chiropractics. Mr. Below immigrated to the United States, April 27, 1881, and worked in New York City thirteen weeks before coming to Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, where for seven years he followed his chosen field of endeavor. May 10, 1884, he was united in marriage to Minnie Herrssen, then of Osh- kosh, but a native of Germany. To this union eight children were born, namely: Walter of Antigo; Freida, now the wife of Dr. A. G. Tohey, Oshkosh, Wis.; Dor- othy, now Mrs. Eugene Schidt, Elmhurst, Wis.; Wil- liam, of Antigo; Erna of Antigo; Leo of Belle Plaine, Iowa; Herbert of Antigo. Werner, a son, is deceas- ed. The Below family attend the Unity Evangelical Church and the parental home is at 802 Lincoln Street, Antigo, Wis. Mr. Below has his offices in the Albers building. He is a member of the Modern Woodman of America and the Mystic Workers of the World. Leo Below served in the World War and Herbert Below was ready to embark for camp when the Armistice was signed. Mr. Below was the third tailor to locate in Antigo, the others being Gustav Ulrich and F. Manthey. Mr. Below learned his Chiropractic profession in Elizabeth Hospital, Polzen, Pommen, Germany. PETER J. DUNN, a prominent railway conductor and a pioneer Antigo resident, was born in Montello, Marquette County, Wisconsin, April 1, 1881, the son of Delia (Fox) and Daniel Dunn. At the age of five he moved with his parents to Antigo, then a little city, one year old. He attended the public and par- ochial schools and graduated from the Antigo High School with the class of 1898. Twelve pupils grad- uated at that time. He then engaged in clerical work for the Chicago & Northwestern railway, began later as a brakeman and worked his way up to the rank of a conductor, which position he now holds. Mr. Dunn was united in marriage to Margaret Huhn, a daughter of Jennie (Marx) and J. Huhn of Clinton- ville, Wisconsin, on January 7, 1914. To this union four children were born as follows: George, James, Davom and Alice. Mr. Dunn and family attend St. John's Catholic church of Antigo, and he is a mem- ber of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen and the Knights of Columbus. He was appointed a member of the Advisory Board of the City of Antigo by Mayor Charles J. Hanzel in 1920. The Dunn residence is at 508 Deleglise street. Daniel Dunn passed away on December 25, 1904, and he lies buried in the Antigo cemetery. His wife is still living on Deleglise street. The identification which the late Daniel Dunn has with the city of Antigo was for its best good. The Dunn family possess many qualities of excellence and are respected for the high character of their cit- izenship. PETER PETROWSKI. A pioneer Antigo resident, who has been employed by the old Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad and the Chicago & North- western railroad for years, was born in Offen, German Poland, on April 16, 1855, the son of Carrie (Ossows- kae) and Jacob Petrowski. He attended the parochial schools of Offen after which he secured employment on the railroad entering Offen. In 1881 he was united in marriage to Miss Anna Zolodawske of Offen. The following year, Mr. and Mrs. Petrowski sailed from the native land to the United States, coming direct to Lang- lade County, Wisconsin. They settled at Antigo. Mr. Petrowski thereupon secured employment with the 288 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad and work- ed for that concern until its purchase in 1893 by the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company. He will be pensioned for faithful and honorable service in 1924. Mr. and Mrs. Petrowski had eleven children, two of whom are deceased. They are Peter and Frank. The chirdren living are Benjamin, John, Francis, Ellen, Mary, Carrie, Olga, Agnes and Mae, now Mrs. George Schlobasky of Fond du Lac, Wis. The Petrowski family attends St. Hyacinth's Catholic church of Antigo. They have a fine home at 414 Doersch street, Antigo. The citizens of the United States of Polish descent are as patriotic as any native born American. When the call to arms went forth in the United States the sons of Mr. Petrowski responded. John and Benjamin both served their country gallantly. John was in a hos- pital before and after his overseas experiences. John enlisted in March, 1918, serving a year overseas with the 112th Machine Gun Batallion of the 29th Divis- ion in the Alsace and Meuse Argonne battles, the most terrific in which American infantrymen partici- pated. He was honorably discharged in July, 1919. Benjamin served with Co. L. 125th Michigan Infan- try. He was wounded in the arm by machine gun bullets while in the Meuse Argonne sector. He was also shell shocked as a result of his war services and is now in the U. S. hospital, Maywood, a suburb of Chicago, 111. JOHN HOLLEY. Langlade County, it has been fittingly said, owes her greatest and best develop- ment to those men who have given their time and lives to the cultivation of the then waste places of the county and those who have aided in the commer- cial and industrial growth of Antigo, the county-seat, and its vicinity. One of the citizens of Antigo whose energy, sagacity and industry has enabled him to aid in the up-building of an important commercial enter- prise, The Antigo Manufacturing Company, is John Holley. John Holley was born in Ballycairn, Waterford County, Ireland, on March 15, 1847. As a boy Mr. Holley spent some time in the land of his nativity coming to the United States after the death of his mother. He imigrated to this country with his father, three brothers and two sisters, settling at New Orleans, Louisiana. When the father died the sisters and brothers separated and gradually became scattered to different points in the south. John Holley spent part of his boyhood days in Kentucky from where he went to Cincinnatti, Ohio. From Ohio he came north to Wisconsin and took up residence with a sister, who had previously moved to Menasha, Winnebago Coun- ty, Wisconsin. He made his first trip into Northern Wisconsin when he was a lad of sixteen. At that time he came to Merrill, called Jenny then, and floated a raft of logs down the Wisconsin and Mississippi rivers. This trip was a long and dangerous one over falls and rapids but at the elapse of six weeks he had safely arrived at his destination, St. Louis, Mo. Fol- lowing this hazardous experience Mr. Holley spent some time as a pilot on the Great Lakes and subse- quently engaged in the timber industry in the great "pineries" of Northern Wisconsin, Michigan and Min- nesota. After his marriage to Miss Mattie Babcock of Neenah, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, in 1885, Mr . and Mrs. Holley moved to Marshfield, Wood County, Wisconsin, where Mr. Holley engaged as foreman in the manufacturing plant of Ex-Governor William H. Upham. In 1891 he came to Antigo, then six years old as an incorporated city, and in company with two brothers-in-law, H. A. Babcock, of Neenah, George Maxwell and G. K. Meneely, started the Antigo Manufacturing Company. The plant was the first manufacturing plant in Antigo to establish a ten hour day and a weekly pay system. Later the company purchased the Henry Sherry Company at Kent and operated a small mill there for a number of years. A mill was operated at Mattoon, Shawano County, Wisconsin, by the same concern for several years. The Antigo Manufactur- ing Company originally manufactured staves, head- ing and broom handles but now is engaged in the manufacture of broom handles only. The Holley family reside at 303 Sixth Avenue. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Holley, as follows: Morris, the eldest, died in infancy; Malin- da, now Mrs. Newton Rosenheimer, of Kewaskum, Washington County, Wisconsin; Mary, now Mrs. Er- nest Johnson, of Iron River, Michigan; and Harriet, who resides with her parents in Antigo. During the long career of John Holley in Langlade County, he has ever possessed the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens and in a work of this character de- serves honorable reference. CARL OLSEN. Among the men of Langlade County who have won the confidence and esteem of their fellow men by the ability they have displayed while engaged as a public servant, none are better known than Carl Olsen, of Elcho township, the pres- ent Highway Commissioner of Langlade County. Commissioner Olsen was born at Larvik, Norway, Sep- tember 26, 1872, the son of Ole G. Olsen and Trena Christoferson Olsen. During his boyhood he attended the public schools of Norway. When but eighteen years of age he imigrated to the United States, arriv- ing in this country in September, 1890. He settled at Rhinelander, Oneida County, Wisconsin, where he en- gaged in sawmill work and was employed on the Wis- consin river in the lumbering industry. He stayed at Rhinelander until January, 1900, when he then moved to Elcho township, where he has since resided. He lived in Elcho village for about three years working for the Jones Lumber Company as a carriage rider and also worked in their lumber yard. He then pur- chased eighty acres of land northeast of Elcho and has, with his family, lived on that property since. For four winters he logged extensively for Richardson Brothers, of Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 289 Mr. Olsen was married at Rhinelander, Wisconsin, on November 27, 1897, to Emelia Warg, to which union nine children were born — seven sons and two daugh- ters, namely, Delia, Orville, Clarence, Friedolf, Edwin (deceased), Rudolf, Emil, Edward, and Inez. Mr. Olsen is a member of the Elcho Lodge of the Mystic Workers of the World. The family attends the Norwegian Lutheran church. Mr. Olsen has held the position of County Highway Commissioner since January, 1917, being elected at the November, 1916, session of the Langlade County Board. During his administration the roads of the County have been de- veloped to a higher degree of efficiency than at any time previously. LYMAN A. STEFFEN, M. D. The name of Stef- fen has been identified with the progress of Antigo for nearly forty years and will continue for many years to come, no doubt, to be synonomous with good citizenship and civic advancement. Dr. Lyman A. Stef- fen was born July 20, 1887, in Antigo, Langlade Coun- ty, Wisconsin, the son of Dr. I. D. and Effie L. Stef- fen. As a boy Dr. Steffen attended the public schools of Antigo, then but a few years old as an incorpor- ated city, and in June, 1905, he was graduated from the Antigo High School. He entered the University of Wisconsin in the fall of 1905 and until the fall of 1908 he was with that institution. While there he was chosen a member of the Apha Delta Phi fraternity. He then entered the medical department of the Uni- versity of Chicago, being there from 1908 to 1910. The next two years, 1910-12 he spent at the famous Rush Medical College, from which he graduated in June, 1912. While at Rush he was honored with mem- bership in the Alpha Kappa Kappa medical fratern- ity. Following his graduation the young medic served for nearly a year as interne at St. Anthony de Padua Hospital in Chicago. Completing his medical course Dr. Steffen became first assistant to the chief physician and surgeon in charge of the employes of the Virginia-Rainey Lake Lumber Company at Virginia, Minnesota, largest lum- bering institution in the world. He returned to An- tigo, his birthplace, in October, 1913, and became as- sociated with his father in the practice of his profes- sion. When the world war broke out he enlisted. May, 1917, and was called into service August 8, 1917. He sailed for England on August 29, 1917, and became attached to the Royal Army Medical Corps. He was stationed six months in England (Manchester) with the Second Western General Hospital, when he was ordered to France, in March, 1918, to become attached to the 63rd Royal Naval Division, B. E. F. He served two months with the 148th Field Ambulance of the B. E. F., and then was assigned as medical officer in charge of the 317th Field Artillery Brigade, 63rd Division. Dr. Steffen attained the rank of Captain while in service. In February, 1919, he returned from France to England and was again stationed at the Second Western General Hospital upon his re- quest as he desired more surgical practice. In May, 1919, he was transferred to the U. S. forces and returned to the United 'iStates, landing in New York on June 12, 1919, and being honorably discharged June 13, 1919, at Camp/Dix, New Jersey. He was awarded the British Military Cross, coveted British honor, while serving in the war. Dr. Steffen had the unique distinction of taking a Masonic degree with an Australian and a Canadian in February, 1918, and still holds membership in the Charlton-cum-Hardy chapter, a suburb of Manches- ter, England. Fraternally he is allied with the Mas- ons, Elks, Moose and Knights of Pythias. Dr. Stef- fen was selected City Health Physician of Antigo, in June, 1920. September 23, 1914, he was married to Miss Erma Hessel, daughter of John Hessel, pioneer Antigo mer- chant, and two children, Jean Louise and Elizabeth Allen, have been born to this union. The Steffen family resides at 511 Fifth Avenue. Dr. Steffen is a member of the Langlade County Medical Society, of which he has been President for the past three years, a member of the Wisconsin State Medical Association, the American Medical As- sociation, the American Association of Railway Sur- geons, and the Chicago & Northwestern Surgical As- sociation. CHARLES F. DALLMAN, a pioneer resident of Antigo, was born November 19, 1857, at Winchester, Wisconsin. He attended school at that place and spent his youth and early manhood in the place of his birth. June 1, 1882, he was married to Miss Eliza- beth C. Keen, at Winchester. His wife was a daugh- ter of the late D. W. Keen, one time Antigo mayor. Shortly after their marriage they moved to the then village of Antigo, having made their home in Antigo for thirty-nine years, until his death September 21, 1921. Charles F. Dallman was one of the early An- tigo citizens and as an architect and contractor he provided plans for and constructed more public build- ings than any other Antigo or Langlade County citi- zen. He erected the public library, the city hall, scores of schools in the rural districts of Langlade County and also many other buildings. These pub- lic buildings are a monument to his progressiveness and his thrifty spirit. Mr. Dallman is survived in life by his widow and three children: Lydia, now Mrs. Dudley Burton, of Fergus Falls, Minnesota; Hulda, now Mrs. Edward Van Deuren, of Antigo; Daniel Dallman, of Chicago, Illinois. One daughter, Ida, died in 1905. The late Mr. Dallman was one of the active mem- bers of the Unity Evangelical church and had much to do with its advancement and progress. He was fraternally affiliated with the Beavers and Fraternal Reserve Association. He lies buried in the old Anti- go cemetery. The life of Charles F. Dallman serves as an excel- lent example of the rewards that come only after a life 290 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. of probity, industriousness and integrity. Mr. Dall- man was a man of upright character and highly es- teemed by all who knew him. ANTHONY LOMBARDO. Prominent merchant, was born December 13, 1889, in the city of Termini Imerese, Italy, the son of Pauline (Castro) and Salva- tore Lombardo. His father was born in 1849 and his mother ten years later. His father was a farmer. Young Anthony spent his boyhood in Italy leaving that country April 14, 1903, for the United States. He en- gaged in the marble and mosiac and tile contracting in the U. S. and Canada, from 1910-15 in the latter. He came to Antigo in 1917, following the fruit business in which he entered with Curtis McCollister in The Antigo Fruit Company, now owned entirely by Mr. Lombardo. He was married to Anastasia Filbrandt, born October 8, 1888, at Berlin, Green Lake County, AXTHOXY LOMBARDO Proprietor of the .'\ntigo Fruit Company, Antigo. Wis. Wis. To this union three children have been born: Anthony Michael, Jr., April 9, 1918; Gertrude Pauline, April 3, 1919; Marie Catharine, November 9, 1921, all were born in Antigo, Langlade County, Wis. Mr. Lombardo obtained full citizenship in the U. S. in 1919 and two years later, February 11, 1921, returned to Eu- rope to visit at his birthplace and with his aged par- ents. He made stops at Rome, Genoa, Turin, Napoli, La Havre, was in Rome two weeks, saw Pope Benedict XV April 24, 1921, visited at Paris two weeks, the Ver- sailles Palace, Invalides Museum and Marsellies. He was also in Trieste, Austria, returning to America, May 9, 1921. Mr. Lombardo resides at 515 Virginia street. He is by faith a Catholic and fraternally is affiliated with the Loyal Order of Moose, Benevolent and Pro- tective Order of Elks, Catholic Order of Foresters and Knights of Columbus. LEONARD FREIBURGER, former Antigo mayor and a prominent pioneer, was born in the town of Arran, Washington County, Wisconsin, on May 20, 1859, the son of John and Katherine Freiburger. He lived on the farm operated by his father until he at- tained the age of seventeen, having in the time preced- ing that age attended the rural and parochial schools of the community. He started out in the world for himself at New London, Waupaca County, Wiscon- sin, where he learned the trade of a wagon maker. After serving two years as an apprentice he quit wagonmaking and went into the woods to work. This was followed by mill work until 1879 when he became associated with Chris. Buehlman in the brick in- dustry at New London. This business he followed until 1883 when he sold his interest to his partner and moved to Antigo, Langlade County, Wisconsin. He started to work June 15, 1883, for Edgar Neff, working by the piece. For three years he stayed with Mr. Neff and then purchased from his employer the wagon making shop. Since then Mr. Freiburger has been continuously in the same business. He conducted his shop one year where the Raskin second-hand store is located, having previously been asso- ciated with Laughlin & Kelly. He then formed a partnership with Jos. Wirig, which lasted from 1902 until 1917. In 1904 the shop was moved from Fifth Avenue to Field Street, present location. The firm was known as the Antigo Wagon Works. Mr. Freiburger was married November 2, 1881, to Agnes Monnette, of Duck Creek, Brown County. To this union five children were born : Irene, now Mrs. H. L. Pepper, of Wausau, Wisconsin; Florence Es- ther, deceased; Clarence, Leonard, Jr., and Vernon, all of Antigo. Vernon was a seaman during the World War. Fraternally the subject of this sketch is affiliated with the Catholic Foresters, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Fraternal Reserve Associa- tion, the Beavers, St. Joseph Benevolent Society and the Knights of Columbus. Politically he is a Demo- crat. He has served as Consultor and Treasurer of St. John's church of Antigo for about twenty years or more. Since coming to Antigo Mr. Freiburger has been inducted into public service continuously. He has served with distinction as school commissioner. Alderman, Supervisor, President of the City Council, Mayor of Antigo, Chairman of the Langlade County Board for five years, and has served in other public capacities. He is now a member of the County Nor- mal Board. He first was elected a school commis- sioner of the old 4th Ward (Antigo then had but four wards) in 1885. A synopsis of the administration of Mr. Freiburger as Mayor is given elsewhere. A. K. POTTER, prominent citizen, actively identi- fied with public welfare of Langlade County, was born March 9, 1870, at Adams, Mass. He came west to Wisconsin in 1891, settling at Wonewoc, Wis. Here he was married to Mildred Ella Holmes on February 14, 1895. To this union was born a daughter, Miss Mildred Potter, now a student at Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, Wis., and a son. Rusk K. Potter, now an electrical engineer. Mr. Potter entered the employ of the C. & N. W. R. R. Co. at Wonewoc in HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 291 1891 in the operating department and later transferred to the Purchasing Department, with which he has since been connected. The Potters spent several years in the south before coming to Antigo on April 1, 1902. Mr. Potter holds the responsible position of Purchas- ing Agent for the Chicago & Northwestern Co. on both the Ashland and Lake Shore Divisions. He had an active part in purchasing the land and other- wise aiding Antigo to get the Langlade Lumber Com- pany and the Charles W. Fish Lumber Company plants to locate here. During the great World War, 1917-19, Mr. Potter played the part of a 100 per cent American. His son Rusk, graduate from the Antigo High School in 1915, a University of Wisconsin School of Engineering graduate and from the School of Engineering at Milwaukee with a B. S. degree in E. E., was commissioned Lieutenant in the Field Ar- tillery, U. S. A., November 18, 1918, and ordered to Camp Zachary Taylor, Louisville, Kentucky, where he served until the end of the war, receiving an honor- able discharge December 14, 1918. Mr. Potter was in all the five Liberty Loan drives and other patriotic war work, was chosen in 1921, Chairman of Langlade County for "Relief in Ireland, soliciting funds for suf- fering of that belated country. The campaign went over the top. Langlade County was the first in Wisconsin to reach its quota. Mr. Potter is a mem- ber of the Congregational church, belongs to the Masonic orders as follows : F. & A. M., Chapter, Knights Templar, Thirty-two degree Mason, and a member of the Mystic Shrine, of Milwaukee. His son. Rusk, was married January 5, 1921, to Miss Marion Duchac. They reside at Milwaukee. Wisconsin, where Mr. Potter is state representative for the King Pneumatic Tool Co., of Chicago, 111. The Potter family are the kind of citizens that make for the betterment of a community. JOSEPH S. GUENTHNER, real estate dealer and farmer, was born in Milwaukee, March 11, 1877. He moved to this county with his parents the same year settling in Rolling township, then a wilderness. He attended the public schools and later engaged in farm- ing. In January, 1902, Mr. Guenthner was married to Lillie Schoblasky, of the town of Embarass, Wau- paca County. Four children, one girl and three boys, were born to this union. Mr. Guenthner is a member of the Beavers. Up to 1922 he was associated with Julius Schoblasky in garage business in Antigo. He is the owner of considerable real estate in the county. ASHER R. TREAT, Train dispatcher, was born November 16, 1859, the son of Alzina and David Treat. He attended the common schools at his birth- place, Buchanan, Michigan. Completing the common school education he studied telegraphy, which he has since followed. In 1874 he started with the Michigan Central at South Haven, Michigan, where he stayed four years; he then went with the Chicago, Burling- ton & Quincy for eight months; then with the Kansas Pacific, now a part of the Union Pacific system; the Louisville & Nashville, Burlington & Northern at Cedar Rapids, which concern he was with four years; then with the Canadian Pacific for a year, after which he served with the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific; the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul, the Soo Line, and then the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western, which in 1893 was sold to the C. & N. W. Railroad Company. Mr. Treat was married on August 9, 1906, to Pearl Barnes. They have one child, Asher E., Jr. Mrs. Treat is an accomplished singer of more than local success. The Treat family attend the Congrega- tional church. Mr. Treat is a member of the K. of P. Lodge. He came to Antigo February 22, 1905. The Treat residence is at 714 Second Avenue. GEORGE FALKENHAGEN, JR., plumber, was born July 22, 1890, son of Anna and George Falken- hagen. He attended the Chicago public schools, moving in 1904 to Antigo with his parents. He started a plumbing and heating concern for himself in 1912. Walter Falkenhagen, a brother, was his partner until 1921. The Falkenhagen shop is located in the First National Bank Building. Mr. Falkenhagen can trace his ancestors back many years, church records sub- stantiating the fact that Gen. F. Von Falkenhayn, German leader, was a distant relative. When war broke out George P'alkenhagen enlisted, serving in a Machine Gun School, Camp Hancock, Georgia, from July 8, 1918, to July 25, 1919. He is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose. Mr. Falkenhagen has gained recognition as an artist. His chief paintings are "Morning Scene on Duck Lake", Post Lake scene, and others. He often visits the Chicago Art Insti- tute and has entered his paintings in Wisconsin Paint- ers and Sculptors competitions. ANTON KRAUS, proprietor bowling alleys, was born in Neva township in 1883, son of Josephine and Joseph Kraus. His father was drowned in Bass Lake, west of Kempster when young Kraus was four years old. He often remembers when his father "packed provisions" from Wausau. He attended the rural schools, engaged in farming, was a retail store clerk, woodsman and retail liquor man in Antigo, also a year in Neva. He took over the Antigo bowling alleys, purchasing same from F. J. Hoffman. They are popular and well conducted. He was married to Carrie Schwartz, June 20, 1905. Mr. Kraus is a mem- ber of the C. Z. B. J., Eagles, and Elks. The family consists of Mr. and Mrs. Kraus and one child, a girl. They reside at 404 Dorr street. ^ FRED SCHWARTZ, Neva township farmer, was born May 30, 1860, in Checo-Slovakia. At an early age he came to Langlade County, settling in Neva on a farm. He married Antonio Ferminak, to which union ten children were born, five girls and five boys. Two children died. Mr. Schwartz has been Assessor fourteen years, three years town of Neva supervisor, four years a school treasurer. For seven years he was agent, five years Secretary and four years Presi- 292 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. dent of the Neva Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He is now Vice President of the Neva Farmers' State Bank. Mr. Schwartz is a member of the M. W. A. and Z. C. B. J. lodges. He has a splendid forty acre farm. J JOHN BENISHEK, ex-Mayor, real estate dealer, was born near the city of Tabor, Bohemia, January 21, 1856, son of Mathias and Apolonia Benishek. With his parents he came from Bohemia in December, 1871, settling in Manitowoc County on a farm. Un- til twenty-one years of age he aided on the farm, then went to the city of Manitowoc and learned the carriage maker's trade, following same for four years. Then worked in Milwaukee, same trade, one year, from there he went to Fayette, Michigan, two years. Here he started work in a machine shop, running steam en- gines, teaching music and leading a band. He moved to Manistique, Michigan, where he was four years in a machine shop, the last year as foreman. The Soo line was then built into the region. Mr. Benishek laid off from work and came to Antigo, small hamlet, in 1887, got a job on the railroad, saw greater oppor- tunities here and then moved to Antigo. He has pre- viously been in Michigan and at Minneapolis, Minn. January 14, 1889, Jos. Duchac and John Benishek formed a real estate partnership, lasting until August 26, 1891. From 1891 to 1894 he was in business alone, purchased old Antigo Brewing Co. from John Chalup- sky, aided to establish the Citizens Brewing Co., was Secretary and Manager of that business, engaged in real estate business for fourteen years with Hon. B. W. Rynders. In 1915 took his son, Ben Benishek, in the firm, known as Benishek & Son. John Benishek has been Supervisor, Alderman, Assessor, Justice of the Peace, member of the Board of Education, and Mayor of Antigo. He is a member of the C. Z. B. J., I. O. 0. F., Camp, Eagles and M. W. A. lodges. He was married to Anna Hynek in 1886. His first wife died in February, 1888. He was remarried to Bar- bara Holup in 1891. She died in February, 1900. Four of the Benishek children are living. The John Benishek residence is at 222 Edison street. W. B. DRESSER, prominent Norwood township resident, was born in Kenosha, May 2, 1867, the son of Ellen and Mark Dresser. He attended the Kenosha public schools and the Kansas City (K.) High School, having moved to that city with his grand- parents, Mr. and Mrs. James Priestly. Young Dres- ser was left on his own resources at an early age, his mother passing away when he was but nine days old and his father when he was a boy of nine. His school days over he entered the employ of the Union Pacific Railroad Company where he served for nearly twenty years. Mr. Dresser then went to Chicago, where for three years he was engaged in the lumber business. In 1901 he came to Langlade County as a representative of the Forest Lumber Company, Wis- consin corporation, a branch of an Illinois lumber con- cern. Mr. Dresser moved to Phlox, where for three years he conducted the Riverside Hotel. He was married on January 12, 1887, to Margaret Rob- erts, of Kansas City, Kansas. Eight children were born to this union, four of whom are living. A son. Dr. Harry B. Dresser, Marquette University dental graduate, has offices in Antigo in the Fidelity Bank building. Mr. Dresser is a member of the K. of P., Eagles and B. P. 0. E. lodges. He has travel- ed extensively, but Langlade County, where he has spent the greatest number of years of any one place, pleases him best. JOHN McCarthy, druggist, was born at Memee, Manitowoc County, July 28, 1864, son of Dennis and Bridget McCarthy. When a boy his mother died. He attended the common schools of Manitowoc County, after which he began railroading on the old Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad. In 1895 he went to Shawano where until 1901 he was engaged in the druggist business. In 1901 he came to Antigo, becoming proprietor of the City Drug Store, Clermont street and Fifth avenue, which he still owns. Mr. McCarthy was married to Eleanor Mullin, of Maple Grove, Manitowoc County, February 11, 1902. Five children were born to this union. Four children are living, one boy having died in infancy. Mr. Mc- Carthy is a member of the B. P. 0. E. and K. of C. lodges. OTTO P. WALCH, banker, was bom in the town of Holland, Brown County, November 8, 1873. When four years old he moved with his parents into the wil- derness of Outagamie County, where they hewed out a small farm. Here they resided until 1885 when they moved to Antigo Mr. Walch attended the pub- lic schools of Antigo and completed three years in the Antigo High School. In the fall of 1889 he took a position with the Langlade County Bank. This Bank was reorganized as the Langlade National Bank in 1901 and Mr. Walch was then made Cashier, Janu- ary, 1903. In 1918 Mr. Walch was chosen Vice Pres- ident of the same institution. He has served for sev- eral years on the Board of Education, was two years President of that body. In 1921 was selected a mem- ber of the Advisory Board of the City of Antigo, on which he still serves. Mr. Walch was active in many of the various financial campaigns during the World War. FRED H. SHAW, prominent lumberman, was born in Flint, Michigan, February 11, 1870, son of Ruth M. and Daniel E. Shaw. At the age of two years he moved with his parents to Bay City, Bay County, Michigan. He attended the public schools and the Bay City High School. When a youth he entered the employ of the Warren Lewis Lumber Company, of that city, and for three years gained his first knovl- edge of his future work. He worked successively for the Mosher & Maltby Lumber Company, Bay City, for eight years, the Ross & Wentworth Lumber Company, Bay City, following which he entered the HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 293 lumber commission business for himself. He follow- ed this business until 1908 when he became Superin- tendet for the Hackley-Phelps Bonnell Company, Phelps, Wisconsin, with which concern he was asso- ciated for five years. Since 1916 Mr. Shaw has been Superintendent of the Langlade Lumber Company plant at Antigo, Wisconsin. Mr. Shaw was married to Hannah Tomke, Bay City, Michigan, July 3, 1877. Three children were born, Floyd, age 4, and Fred H., Jr., age 23, passed away at the ages mentioned. Mrs. C. J. Peterson, a daughter, is living. Mr. Shaw is a member of the B. P. O. E., Masonic order and M. W. A. He was an Alderman for two terms at Bay City, Michigan, was the instigator of the original cement walk campaign years ago in that city, was Assessor at Phelps and is now a member of the Antigo Police and Fire Commission, since 1921. HARRY J. MORSE, Deputy Sheriff, was born July 10, 1889, in the city of Neenah, the son of Margaret and Charles Morse and a grandson of Hon. J. W. Morse, Langlade County's first County Judge. He moved to Antigo in an early day with his parents. Charles Morse, his father, often toted provisions and supplies from Neenah to Antigo. He attended the public schools following which he entered an engin- eering school. Mr. Morse then took an engineering positions with the T. D. Kellogg Lumber and Manufac- turing Company, Antigo Lumber Company, Antigo Electric Company, Henshaw-Worden and Henshaw Lumber Companies respectively. He is an ack- nowledged expert in his work. Mr. Morse enlisted in Co A, 43rd Engineers, 1st Army Corps, was overseas fifteen months and was honorably discharged in July, 1919. January, 1921, he was appointed Deputy Lang- lade County Sheriff by Edward Buchen. In 1922 he declined an appointment as a Federal Prohibition of- ficer. Mr. Morse is a member of the Masonic order and the Elks fraternity. JOSEPH FILBRANDT, plumber, was born in An- tigo, March 14, 1890, the son of Michael and Matilda Filbrandt. He received a common school education, attending both public and parochial schools. He en- tered the plumbing business in 1913 and on July 14, 1921, formed a partnership with H. Vowinkle of She- boygan, Wisconsin. The firm is known under the name of Antigo Plumbing & Heating Company, with offices on Edison street. While a new firm the concern has a steady growing business. Joseph Fil- brandt was married to Miss Helen Hurley on April 23, 1918. To this union one child, Francis, was born. He died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Filbrandt reside at 720 Pine street. IRVIN A. WHITE, Attorney, was born in Antigo, January 2, 1892. He attended the public schools and Antigo High School, from which he graduated in 1909. While in school he engaged in various occu- pations, delivering papers, clerk in a grocery store, etc. Entering the University of Wisconsin in 1910, he graduated from the College of Letters and Science in 1914. He taught History in the Bismark (N. D.) High School in 1915-16. Mr. White then entered the University of Wisconsin Law School from which he graduated in 1917. He served in the U. S. Army from May 12, 1917, to October 18, 1919, attaining the rank of Captain. He practiced law for a short time in the office of Olin, Butler, Stebbins & Stroud, Madison, Wisconsin. Then he came to Antigo where on April 10, 1920, he became the junior member of the law firm of Hay & White. In 1920 he was elected a member of the Board of Education and in 1921 was chosen President of that body. Mr. White is married and resides at 409 Edison Street. CARL O. SOMDAHL, mechanical engineer, was born in Christiania, Norway, February 3, 1884, the son of Marie and Martin Somdahl. He came to Phil- adelphia, Pa., with his parents in 1884. In 1885 he moved to Valley City, North Dakota, where he at- tended the public schools. He then entered Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, from which in 1910 he graduated as a mechanical engineer. He became affiliated with the Western Gas Construction Company^ Ft. Wayne, Indiana, and rose to the rank of Assistant Superintendent of that Company when he resigned to take over the Antigo Gas Company, June 1, 1919. Since then extensive improvements have been made with the Antigo utility. Mr. Somdahl married Alma Harriet Berge, of Valley City, N. D., June 17, 1914. To this union two children, Robert and Marjorie, were born. The Somdahl family resides at 519 Second Avenue. AUGUST A. ZELM, Summit township farmer, was born in Germany, August 29, 1882, the son of Henry and Anne Zelm. When three and a half years old he came to America with his parents, settling at Wausau, Wisconsin. A year later the Zelm family moved to Summit township where Henry Zelm took up a home- stead on Section 35, Township 33, Range 9 East. Young August attended the rural schools and then be- came engaged in agriculture. He also is an extens- ive logger, which business he does during the winter. Mr. Zelm has an eighty acre farm which he is con- tinually improving. LEON D. HARTFORD. Born at Loyal, Clark County, Wisconsin, March 10, 1871. Son of Fifield C. and Hattie Merrill Hartford. In boyhood attended common schools of Loyal. Went to Spencer, Mara- thon County at age of ten, with parents. His father died in 1887 and the following year he moved with his mother to Antigo, then a little village. Was em- ployed by Stacy & Merrill, following which he enter- ed the barber business which he followed for twelve years. Mr. Hartford then purchased the F. A. Mil- lard book store which he conducted for ten years, then consolidating with F. A. Millard, the firm being known as Millard & Hartford. January 24, 1889, he was married to Bertha Williams, of Antigo, Wisconsin. Mr. Hartford has served with credit as Supervisor, 294 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Alderman, Deputy City Clerk under Peter Chadek, was a member of the new court house building committee and was active in war drives during the World War. HON. CHARLES J. HANZEL. The career and life of every public man possesses interest to his fellow man and to posterity, particularly if his ajbilities have elevated him to an honorable office in which he has displayed honest effort and fidelity in the perform- ance of its many responsibilities. Pre-eminently is this true when executive position is involved and es- pecially is interest excited when the subject is so well and Paul Hanzel. As a boy he secured but a meagre education in the parochial schools of his birthplace. When but twelve years of age he secured employment in the factory of the McKinney Hinge Company and for three years industriously labored. He then en- tered the employ of the Star Enameling and Stamp- ing Company at the age of fifteen and served as a laborer for two years with that Company. He then accepted a position with the Globe Trading Stamp Company rising from 1899 to 1906 to the rank of Man- ager. Resigning his position he went to work for the Akron Truss Company, of Akron, Ohio, became the HON, CHARLES J. HAXZEL Elected Mayor of .Xntigo in .\pril, liiSO. Mayor Hanzel at once inaugu- rated an extensive progrant of city improvement. He became the Democrat nominee for Congress from the Ninth Congressional District in 1922, but Vi'ithdrew from the race, when the .Supreme Court ruled against placing the Democrat candidates in the regular party column. known and respected as the Mayor of the City of Antigo. The signal services of Hon. Charles J. Han- zel to the city of Antigo have won for him an undying place among the illustrious citizens, dead and living, who have been vital or instrumental to the future welfare of Langlade County. Charles J. Hanzel was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- vania, June 18, 1882, the son of Margaret (Herman) Vice President of that Company, serving as a trav- eling salesman as well. It was in the year 1912 that he decided to locate in the city of Antigo, and at once engaged in the wholesale liquor business from 1912 to 1917. He became a candidate for Mayor of Antigo at the request of many friends and in the elec- tion of 1920 he was victorious over John Benishek, who ran for re-election. The administration of Mayor HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 295 Hanzel has been marked with achievements that will serve as monuments to him when he has passed to his reward. (Mayor Hanzel's administration is dis- cussed fully elsewhere in this work). Mayor Hanzel was unanimously endorsed in the convention of Wisconsin Democrats, held at Milwau- kee, Wisconsin, in June, 1922, to become the standard bearer of the Democrats in the Ninth Congressional District of Wisconsin and was chosen as that party's candidate for Congress. He was united in marriage on January 16, 1916, to Mary E. Neff, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edgar Neff, and resides at 1016 Sixth Avenue, Antigo, Wisconsin. JASPER W. ALLERTON. Born in Waupaca County, April 30, 1857. At early age moved with par- ents to Aztalan, Jefferson County. The lad attended the common schools. At the age of 19 he moved to Eureka, Wisconsin. November 26, 1881, he married Annah Nicholson, of Eureka. Ten years later moved to Antigo, where he engaged in contracting and build- ing business until his death January 7, 1913. His re- mains were interred at Eureka, Wisconsin, January 9, 1913. Jasper W. AUerton was the father of six children, one of which, Volney, died in infancy. The other children are Willis, Harry, Floy, Ruth and Doris. J. W. Allerton was a member of the M. W. A., I. 0. 0. F., Rebekahs, and held various public offices, including Alderman, representing the second ward of Antigo. Oliver Hazard Perry Aller- ton, his father, was a pioneer Antigo merchant, com- ing here in 1887. He died at Manitowoc, December 31, 1899, and his remains rest there. The Allerton family genealogy is traced from Mr. Isaac Allerton, a fifth signer of the Pilgrims' Compact when they came to America, December 20, 1620. Harry Allerton served in the U. S. Army during the World War. EMIL OTTO HERMAN HINTZ. Born August 2, 1898, in the city of Antigo, Wisconsin. Son of Martha and Herman Hintz. Received common school education, graduating from Polar graded schools in 1912. Started learning the cheese and dairy business at Polar. After a year in cheese factory entered other employment. Became owner of Norwood Cheese Factory on September 16, 1921, purchasing from Frank Barta. The subject of this sketch is a member of the Lutheran church. JOHN H. BURNET. Born in the city of Manito- woc, March 3, 1863, son of Esther Sibree and Gilbert W. Burnet. His boyhood days were spent in the city of Manitowoc where he attended the public schools, graduating from the Manitowoc High School. In 1882 Mr. Burnet began railroad work for the old Mil- waukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad out of Mani- towoc. He has followed railroading for a period of forty years. June 30, 1890, Mr. Burnet married Lona Morse, of Jay, Vermont. Two boys and two girls were born to this union. One girl died in infancy. The Burnet family sent two to participate in the World War. Gilbert W. served in the aviation with credit and Anne served as a government nurse at Camp Mc- Clellan, Alabama. John, Jr., was not old enough to enter the war. Mr. and Mrs. Burnet moved to Anti- go in March, 1888, and make their residence at 303 Superior street. Mr. Burnet is a member of the Masonic lodge. Gilbert and John Burnet are now engaged in horticulture and bee raising at Prineville, Oregon. FRANK RIENDL, SR. The quality of a man's usefulness in a community is not impaired by the fact that he leads a quiet and unpretentious life. If a cit- izen goes on a straightforward, manly way, giving his best energies to the task before him and performing his just share of civic responsibility he proves a ster- ling citizen, as forcibly as does the most prominent individual. To this type belongs Frank Riendl, Sr., who was born December 24, 1854, in Bavaria, Prov- ince of Germany. He was the son of Frank and Ter- esia Riendl. During his early boyhood he attended Bavarian schools. In June, 1869, he came to Apple- ton, Outagamie County, and later engaged in track service. In 1876 he was married to Katherina Reichl. Five children were born to this union. Mr. Riendl has been identified during his residence at Antigo with several successful business enterprises. He is a member of the Catholic Knights of Wisconsin, Catholic Order of Foresters, and the Order of Eagles, in all of which he is active. He is a member of the St. John's church congregation, Antigo, and has served for years as a trustee of the congregation. Both Mr. and Mrs. Riendl are favorably known among Lang- lade County's best people. Mr. Riendl came to An- tigo in 1883 as roadma&ter for the old Milwaukee, Lake Shore Sf Western railroad. His subdivision then was from Antigo to the end of the track at Rhinelander and Watersmeet. During the world war, Mr. Riendl was one of the leading patriots, giving unstintingly for the cause of America. J. M. KUBICHEK. Came to Langlade County in 1907, locating at Neva, where he engaged in farming and cattle buying. He was married to Anna Chadek on June 19, 1906, to which union three children, two girls and a boy, were born. Came to Antigo in 1915 and engaged in the retail meat business. In 1922 purchased Flanagan building and on July 1, 1922, he opened up Kubichek market there. While in Manito- woc County he was Township Treasurer in Rapids township, Justice of the Peace at Neva, and a Repub- lican candidate for Sheriff of Langlade County in 1922. He is a member of the L. O. O. M., C. Z. B. J., and resides at 1326 Third Avenue. JAMES CHERF. In 1879 a hardy pioneer, John Cherf, erected a log cabin on the southeast corner of Fifth Avenue and Superior Street. He came here from Manitowoc County. His son, James Cherf, was then an infant, and therefore can be called a distinct Langlade County product as he has lived here since. James Cherf was born March 25, 1879, in Coopers- i^ 296 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. town, Manitowoc County. He attended the Antigo public schools during his boyhood. With school days over he engaged in camp work for twelve years and then for fifteen years has been engaged in the bee business, in which he is known as an authority. Mr. Cherf married Charlotte Heller, May 22, 1906. In October, 1919, he purchased the old Marsh orchard, section 30, Polar township. The Cherf family con- sists of Mr. and Mrs. Cherf and three girls and three boys. Mr. Cherf is a member of the Eagles, Beavers and Moose lodges, the Langlade County Bee Keep- ers' Society, which he aided to organize, and also the State Bee Keepers' Association. JAMES JENSEN. Born May 5, 1878, in Hosby, Denmark. Came to America in 1900, going to Clinton- ville, Wisconsin, where he stayed for a half year. Worked for Hon. Ed. Nordman, at Polar, Wis. En- gaged in farming and mill work until 1911 when he went into the harness and bicycle business. Married February 14, 1906. Took wedding trip to boyhood home in Denmark. Maiden name of wife, Hanna N. Hanson, of Clintonville. In 1920 Mrs. Jensen passed away, leaving five sons and two daughters to mourn with her husband. November 20, 1920, Mr. Jensen was married to Alice Johnson, of Neenah. They re- side on Tenth Avenue, Antigo, Wis. Mr. Jensen is a member of the I. 0. O. F., and attends the Baptist church. He is a man of pleasing personality and has a host of friends. GUSTAV WINTER was born in Gibson township, Manitowoc County, March 13, 1868. He attended public schools and followed agriculture as an occu- pation. October 8, 1903, he married Ada R. Stiewe at Milwaukee. They moved on a farm in Kewaunee County. Two and a half years later they moved to Antigo, where the Winters grocery was started in 1906. He moved his store into the present quarters in February, 1912. Mr. Winters passed away in the prime of life, February 4, 1914, and his remains were interred in the old cemetery. He is survived by his wife, Ada R., and five sons. The business which he founded is conducted still by his wife, and is known as the Ada R. Winter Grocery, 633 Superior Street, Antigo, Wisconsin. J. W. OTIS. Born March 7, 1876, in New York state, son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Otis. Moved to Oshkosh with parents in 1878. Attended public schools of Oshkosh. As a youth he worked in Osh- kosh, in Michigan, and in the west. Stopped at Springbrook House in pioneer days of Antigo and this little village appealed to him. Went west to Seattle, San Francisco and Portland, coming to Antigo in June, 1895. Engaged here in contracting and build- ing business. Purchased site of Otis building from auctioneer for $1500 May 31, 1907. Built splendid two-story structure, personal monument to his integ- rity and progress, in 1910. Engaged since in mater- ial, oil and cement business. Continued contracting until 1909, two years after purchase of Teipner site. July 1, 1915, took his son, Lyle L. Otis, into partner- ship, which still exists. In 1890 Mr. Otis was mar- ried at Seattle, Washington, to Miss Maggie Burns, to which union one son, Lyle, was born. Mr. Otis is a member of the Beavers, F. R. A., the Association of Commerce, and is enthusiastic over Antigo's fu- ture. He has long been an advocate of Antigo adver- tising itself to its own people and is a strong believer in the great potential possibilities of the northern tourist trade, much of which flows through Antigo and Langlade County. HECTOR McDonald. Bom August 5, 1856, at Park Hill, Ontario, son of Alexander and Margaret McDonald. Entered the public schools of Park Kill and after graduating from eighth grade entered Park Hill High School. Engaged in agricultural pursuits following school years. Moved to Wis- consin in 1883, and was married at Cascade, Wis- consin, to Miss Anne Duggan. Came from Es- canaba, Michigan, to Antigo in 1886 and has resid- ed here ever since. He has been connected with the C. & N. W. R. R. Co., and its predecessors since 1886. Mr. and Mrs. McDonald have five children; two boys, William and Norman; and three girls, Loretta, Leona and Gladys. The subject of this sketch is an active member of Antigo Council No. 1002, Knights of Colum- bus and a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen. Mr. McDonald resides at 702 Lincoln street, Antigo, Wisconsin. He has opti- mistic views regarding Antigo's future welfare. JAMES W. HERMAN, Antigo tailor, was born on September 15, 1870, the son of Joseph Herman, of the town of Michocott, Manitowoc County. Came to Antigo, a pioneer, September 29, 1880. Located with parents on a farm on Section 26, township 31, range 10 east. Attended public schools and followed farming until age of twenty. Became apprentice to Julius Below in tailor trade. Followed apprenticeship for five years and in May, 1897, went into business for himself. He married September 29, 1898, to Minnie Mathias, of Antigo. One child, a boy, Lee Herman, born to this union. Mrs. Herman died February 22, 1910. On June 21, 1911, Mr. Herman married Barbara Dvorak, to which union three child- ren were born — one boy and two girls. Mr. Herman has his tailor shop in the Hill building. He is a mem- ber of the E. F. U., Z. C. B. J., Eagles and Sokol. His residence is at 1027 Fourth avenue, Antigo. An- tigo was a vast wilderness when he came here with his father and mother nearly 43 years ago. FRANK CHARLES KRAUSE. Born January 25, 1876, at Pommer, Germany. Came to the United States when four years old. Came with parents from New York to Seymour, Outagamie County. Lived there four years and moved with parents, Mr. and Mrs. Louis Krause, to Antigo in 1885. Attended the public schools and high school when it was located where second ward is today. Engaged in clerical po- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 297 sitions for C. F. Dallman, Julius Schlemmer, J. P. Hughes, M. Krom, J. C. Lewis and A. Goldberg, then went into the flour and feed business for himself in 1914. Married September 4, 1903, to Miss Emma Moldenhauer, at Pella. Mr. Krause owns his residence at Fifth Avenue and Pine Street, also the Krause build- ing on Fifth Avenue. His father, Louis, was a pioneer Antigo tailor. FRED ZWICKY. Born in Oshkosh on December 29, 1871. Came to Antigo in October, 1884. Son of Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Zwicky. Settled in Norwood township on a farm. Walked from Aniwa to farm home in Norwood township when arrived. Married May 25, 1884, to Miss Nellie Beard. To this union was born five children, three girls and two boys. Mr. Zwicky has been a member of a Norwood town- ship school district board. Worked for H. A. Kohl seven years, John Hessel ten years. Marsh & Raess in grocery business and with W. H. Pardee. Two sons, Ira and Harry, served in World War. Recalls day when Fifth avenue was wilderness and when cat- tle and oxen waded through Springbrook where it now crosses Fifth avenue. He has resided at 720 Cedar street for past 22 years. He is a member of the F. R. A., Beavers, L 0. O. F., and Masonic orders. Six sis- ters and a brother came to Norwood township with him. His father came here in 1883. E. G. HUTCHINS. Born at Neenah, April 16, 1871. Came to Antigo first in 1885, entering em- ployment of Herman, Becklinger & Herman. Mar- ried to Alzada A. Cheever, July 6, 1892. Six children, five boys and one girl, were born. Eight years after marriage was employed by N. E. Preston Music House. Remained with N. E. Preston until 1909. In 1910 after year with H. N. Jewell Music House moved to Merrill where he stayed three years. Moved to New Lisbon from Merrill where he was employed as car inspector for ten years for the C. M. & St. P. R. R. Co. Came to Antigo in August, 1919, from New Lisbon and in October, 1920, took over N. E. Preston Music House, now known as Hutchins Music House, 632 Fifth Avenue. Member of M. W. A., I. 0. 0. F. lodges. Baptist by faith for past 32 years. HUGH E. ST. CLAIR was born June 27, 1876, at Northport, Waupaca County, Wisconsin. His parents were C. Marvin St. Clair and Susan Ainsworth St. Clair. He moved to Langlade County with his par- ents in 1900. On February 6, 1902 he was married to Miss Edith Cone, of Beloit, Wisconsin. Settled at Kent and lived there three years and then moved to Fifield, Wisconsin. After two years he returned to Lily, Langlade County, where he has lived ever since. Four children bless the marriage of Hugh St. Clair and Edith Cone, — three boys and one girl. He has a splendid farm near Lily. He has been elected town chairman successively since 1917. He came to Lang- lade County as a lumberman when it was very un- settled. Went into the eastern section and engaged in farming, which he considers the future of Lang- lade County. The St. Clair place is located on Sec- tion 35, township 33, range 13. Mr. St. Clair has been Supervisor, Assessor and Treasurer of Lang- lade township respectively. FRANK SAMOLINSKI. Among the residents of Antigo township who have, by industry and thrift, made an excellent mark in agricultural pursuits, is Frank Samolinski, a native of German Poland. Mr. Samolinski was born in the city of Jerwiki, Poland, on August 6, 1867, the son of Marcella and Peter Sam- olinski. He attended the public schools and later en- gaged in blacksmith business in Poland until he reached twenty-three years of age. He then came to the Uniter States, settling in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Eight years later he moved to Antigo township, Lang- lade County. Mr. Samolinski has a fine fifty-seven acre farm, part of which is in Rolling township. The subject of this sketch was united in marriage to Veronica Wudarski to which union seven children were born, three of whom are dead, namely, Frank, Jr., Steve and Joseph. Stella, now Mrs. Louis Smith of Antigo township, John and Leo, both of Antigo township, and Peter, who resides on Superior street, Antigo, Wisconsin, are the other children. Peter Samolinski is proprietor of the Economy Shoe Repair Shop of Antigo and also is an athlete and wrestler of note. Frank Samolinski and family are members of St. Hyacinth's church of Antigo. Mr. Samolinski is a member of the Polish Federation of America. DENNIS VANOOYEN. It was to the pioneer who blazed the way to civilization and made a vast wilder- ness bloom and blossom like a rose that credit and honor is due. The Vanooyen ^amily was one of the earliest of Langlade County settlers who played their part in the general advancement of Antigo and the County. Dennis Vanooyen, the subject of this sketch, was born in the city of Appleton on November 26, 1883 the son of Nina (Rodney) and Paul Vanooyen. Dur- ing his boyhood he attended the public schools of Antigo and later began his apprenticeship as a mason and bricklayer. He is an expert in his chosen trade, which he has followed for many years. Mr. Van- ooyen has laid brick in the construction of some of the best buildings in the city of Antigo. The Vanooyen family moved to Langlade County when Dennis was seven years old. Dennis Vanooyen was united in marriage to Miss Ina Boettcher, the daughter of Ferdinand Boettcher, pioneer Norwood township settler, on June 8, 1905. To this union five children were born, namely, Leon- ard, Marvel, Viola, Floyd and Charles. The Vanooyen residence is at 321 Watson street, Antigo, Wis. Fraternally Mr. Vanooyen is active as a member of the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity, the Order of Owls, The Loyal Order of Moose, and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. He has been often honored with offices of trust and responsibility in each of these named orders. The parents of Mr. Vanooyen are 298 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. still living, having seen Antigo and vicinity grow from "a wilderness hamlet" to a modern little city of nearly ten thousand inhabitants. PROSSER BROTHERS. Agriculture offers bless- ings in the greatest plenty, but does not allow us to take them in idleness. True there are those who are content to travel along the rut of mediocrity, taking from their land a bare living, but the full measure of success in farming only comes to those who are wil- ling to work hard and faithfully, to observe changed conditions and practices and to remember that the only true success in life is that gained through hon- orable dealing. In this connection it is not inappro- priate to mention the achievements of the Prosser Brothers. In the spring of 1914 five young men took over 225 acres of excellent agricultural land in section 17, An- tigo township. Since then they have developed this farm into one of the county's most productive areas. The entire acreage is under intense cultivation. They have 160 acres in Elcho township also under their care and proprietorship, 60 acres of which are cultivated. In 1922 the young men planted the largest potato field in the county. 140 acres of their potatoes are of the Early Ohio and Early Irish Cobbler varieties. They also have the Rural New Yorkers and the Rus- set Rurals. The potatoes have yielded on an average of between 250 and 350 bushels per acre, de- pending upon the variety. When the Prosser Brothers took over their place a farmer, less successful and not willing to experiment, scoffed at producing profitable yields of crops in "a farm of quack grass". The scoff of that farmer has been turned into amazement as the Prosser place developed. Situated at the junction of 64 and 39, state high- ways, and with the Wolf River Branch, C. & N. W. near by, the city of Antigo but a mile away, the Pros- ser farm is ideally located. Soon a warehouse and a Fairbanks-Morse scales will be installed and a spur track run from the Wolf river branch to the ware- house. Then the Prosser brothers, James, Harold, Marvin, Ray and John, will engage in not only the cultivation but the purchasing of potatoes in carload lots. FRED BUELOW. The vocation of tilling the soil has been numbered among the honored occupations since early history. Among the good, practical agri- culturalists of Langlade County, who thoroughly un- derstand their vocation and who have secured full measure of success in the intelligent application of their own knowledge in the conduct of their farm is Fred Buelow, who has been a farmer all of his life. Mr. Buelow was born in Germany on July 30, 1865, the son of Fred and Vendelina (Strieker) Buelow. When six years old he moved to Edgerton, Rock County, Wisconsin. A year later the family moved to Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, and after residing in that county for six years they moved to Clintonville, Waupaca County. For thirty-eight years Mr. Buelow resided in the county, having his farm in the town of Matteson. In 1915 he moved to Enter- prise, Wisconsin, and resided on his eighty acre tract of land there for three years. He then moved to An- tigo township, Langlade County, Wisconsin, in No- vember, 1917. He has fifteen acres of well devel- oped land and is engaged in general farming and the cultivation of strawberries. He supplies the Antigo market with his luscious strawberries in season. Mr. Buelow was married to Minnie Steenboch, a native of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, on Novem- ber 10, 1892. To this union eight children were born, namely, Arthur, who resides on the eighty acre farm at Enterprise, Wis.; Hilda, now Mrs. William Kunzie of Enterprise, Wis.; Walter, Otto, Viola, Lydia, Ray- mond, and Gordon, all of Antigo township. While a resident of Matteson township Mr. Buelow was hon- ored with fifteen years of successive duty as a school officer in District No. 3. The Buelows are members of the Antigo Peace Evangelical church. FRISCH BROTHERS. Jure 15, 1914, Joseph and Peter Frisch purchased the greenhouse of William King. The Frisch Brothers at once remodeled the in- stitution so that the plant now has eighteen thousand square feet of glass. Peter Frisch, one of the proprietors, resides at 116 Seventh Avenue. He was united in marriage to Miss Olga Olson on April 13, 1918, to which union, one child, Robert, was born. Joseph Frisch, the other proprietor, was married to Lucille Justin, July 28, 1917. They have three children, James, Jean and Stanley. Their residence is at 106 Seventh Avenue. Joseph is a member of the Elks, K. of C, F. R. A. and Moose lodges. Peter Frisch is affiliated with the Loyal Order of Moose. Both proprietors attend St. John's Catholic church. The Frisch Brothers are known over a wide area because of their well conducted business. In the spring of 1922 they installed an ideal water tube sys- tem to heat their plant, now one of the best in upper Wisconsin. W. J. SCHERF. Among the pioneer manufactur- ers and early settlers of Langlade County, W. J. Scherf holds a rightful place. He was born in Man- itowoc County, Wisconsin, on October 17, 1879, the son of Joseph and Mary Scherf. When but two months old he moved with his father and mother and the children of the family to Melnik, Neva township. The Scherf family was one of the first in Melnik vil- lage, then a wilderness. W. J. Scherf attended the Melnik schools and in the time intervening aided his father on the farm. He started in saw mill work when a youth and has since been employed at Melnik, Neva, Koepenick, Elcho, and Washburn, Wisconsin, in large saw mills. He rose to the important posi- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 299 tion of carriage rider, setter and also learned the filing business. Mr. Scherf operated a general store and cheese factory at Melnik or Star Neva. He ran the store two years alone before becoming associated with his brother, Louis W. Between them they con- ducted the store, cheese factory and blacksmith shop and for four years operated the saw mill. (This mill was the original Duchac mill, the first one in Neva township). Mr. Scherf is a member of St. Mary's Catholic church of Antigo, Wis. His mother is still living, and at present is with her son, Stephen Scherf, of Neva township. Mr. Scherf secured a United States patent nn Aug- ust 30, 1920, on an excelle.it fumigating container called "The Essence of Health", which destroys germs and is an excellent remedy against influenza. He is now manufacturing and distributing the product which can be easily carried in the vest pocket. Reared in Langlade County from infancy Mr. Scherf has witnessed its steady and surprising growth for the past forty-two years. tober, 1890, went with Herman, Becklinger & Herman to Duluth, Minnesota, to aid in erecting mill and fac- tory. December 11, 1890, fell with a staging and four men from elevation of twenty-five feet. In hos- pital, unable to work, eight months. Worked in har- vest fields Grand Forks, N. D., in 1881, returning to Antigo in November. Worked then for Marsh Bros. & Chase, ( C. O. Marsh, W. H. Marsh and G. E. Chase ) . Served as Night Police under Mayors J. F. Albers and Geo. W. Hill. Was Deputy Sheriff and Tuin- Key under ex-Sheriff Chas. Thompson. From 1900 to 1906 was freight conductor on B. & O. February 23, 1906, had misfortune of having left thumb ampu- tated in accident on that road. Mr. Marsh engaged in the restaurant business at Cumberland, N. D., 1906- 1909; shipping clerk in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1909-1913. After illness returned to Antigo i.T July, 1915. As- sociated V. ith his father, pi'^iieer nurseryman, for years. Father died in January. 1917. Mr. Marsh received Republican nomination for Register of Deeds in 1918, 1920 and 1922. He is residing at 923 Arctic street, Antigo, Wis. OTTO KLESSIG. A prominent Ackley township farmer, who has been a resident of Langlade County for the past thirty-two years, is Otto Klessig, who was born on June 11, 1859, the son of Louis Klessig. When nine years of age he moved with his parents from the town of Mosel, Sheboygan County, Wiscon- sin, his birthplace, to Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. The Klessigs stayed there for almost twenty years and then in P'ebruary, 1890, moved to Antigo, Lang- lade County, Wisconsin. Otto Klessig took over the branch office of the Pabst Brewing Company, with which organization he was affiliated for thirteen years. He then went farming and after three years became a valued employee of the Citizens Brewing Company, where he remained for six years. He then took up farming in Ackley township and followed that occu- pation for seven years. He sold his farm in 1919 and moved to Antigo, now residing at 224 Tenth Avenue. Mr. Klessig was united in marriage on May 28, 1895, to Miss Eleanore Berner. To this union four child- ren. Max, Earl, Linda and Harold, were born. Mr. Klessig and family attend the Unity Evangelical church of Antigo. Fraternally he is a member of the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity. EDWIN HENRY MARSH, Nurseryman, was boia at Bonus, Boone County, Illinois, December 26, 1869. Moved with his father, H. F. Marsh, to Sun Prairie, Dane County, Wisconsin, in 1871. Here he attended school until fifteen years of age. Moved then with parents to Faulkton, Falk County, South Dakota, i i 1886. Worked on his father's farm until February, 1889, when, with his parents, moved to Antigo. He worked in the old Badger saw mill; summer of 1889 delivered for Hessel & Leykom Hardware Company. In 1890 went to Cedar Rapids, Michigan. Worked in saw mills of Jesse Spaulding Lumber Company. Oc- JOHN E. MALTBY was born December 30, 1859, in the town of Clay, N. Y.. He attended the McClean, N. Y., public schools and then moved to Wisconsin with his parents when six years old, settling at Stock- bridge, Calumet County. He worked as a farm hand until twenty-one, went to Kirkland County, Illinois, to farm, worked in lumber industry near Merrill, Lin- coln County, operated a hotel at Gravesville, Calu- met County, and then moved to Peck township, Lang- lade County, where he settled on a farm. He re- turned to Stockbridge but came back to Peck, settling on Section 30. Here he stayed until 1892, when he came to Antigo. He now is a member of the Maltby & Maltby firm. Mr. Maltby was married to Annie Foley, a public school teacher, March 25, 1884. To this union ten children, eight of whom are living, were born. Those living are: Arthur, residing at 1227 Fifth Avenue; Mrs. Myrtle Bean, Mable, Amos, John, Lewis, James and Evelyn.. Mrs. Maltby passed away October 1, 1919. Her remains were interred in the Antigo cemetery. ROBERT W. ZOBEL, prominent merchant, was born in the city of Oshkosh, Winnebago County, the son of Louise and Robert Zobel, June 9, 1881. He lived at Oshkosh during his school days and early youth, coming to Antigo on August 5, 1901, to accept a position as law stenographer with Henry Hay, At- torney. A year later, in December, 1902, Mr. Zobel formed a co-partnership with George O. Palmiter, en- gaging in the retail furniture and undertaking busi- ness under the firm name of Palmiter & Zobel, taking over the business previously known as Palmiter & Son. In 1904 Edward McCandless purchased the in- terest of George 0. Palmiter in the firm and it has since been known as McCandless & Zobel Furniture & Undertaking Company, 717 Fifth Avenue. The business was incorporated March 6, 1916 under the 300 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. laws of Wisconsin. Mr. Zobel was married on No- vember 4, 1907, to Meda Lewins. The Zobel resi- dence is at 929 Clermont street. Robert W. Zobel, in twenty years, has served successfully in various ca- pacities. He was the first official Municipd Court Reporter of Langlade County, serving under Judge John E. Martin. He has been a member of the Board of Directors of the Langlade National Bank since February 10, 1919. Mr. Zobel is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran church, and is treasurer of the church organization. IZZE COHEN. Perhaps it is true that each indi- vidual is born with one natural gift, but not every one seeks to discover it, or, finding it, has the oppor- tunity to nurture or develop it. History and biog- raphy prove, however, that many of the most success- ful and brilliant careers in the direction of law, medi- cine, church, commerce or literature, have felt the natural bent for their life work in youth. Here and there are found those, who, at the open door of man- hood, find also the door open to their chosen field of effort. In this connection respectful attention is call- ed to Izze Cohen, who has gained a prominent place among the business and commercial leaders of the county. Mr. Cohen was born in Russia, the son of David and Fannie Cohen, on March 18, 1887. When sixteen years of age he imigrated to the United States, settling in Chicago. Here he began his life work. He entered as an apprentice in a ladies' tailoring es- tablishment, following which he rose to the position of manager of Friend Brothers store at State and Mad- ison streets. He stayed in Chicago until 1913 when he came to Antigo and opened up The Style Shop, in the McDonald building. Harry Aberman was his associate in this business from 1913 to 1916, when Mr. Cohen then purchased his interest, thus being sole proprietor of the business, which he since has been very successful with. Mr. Cohen was married on October 21, 1911, in Chicago, to Miss Fannie Kaplan, to which union three children were born: Martin H., age 9; Benjamin, age 6; Irvin, age 18 months. The Cohen family re- sides at 433 Clermont street. Mr. Cohen is a member of the B'nae Breth, the Elks and the Loyal Order of Moose fraternities. CHRIS ADRAKTAS. America has ever been look- ed upon as the land of opportunity. Among the thousands of Europeans who have crossed the Atlan- tic ocean to become citizens of America a lad nineteen years of age one day walked from the gangplank of an oceanic steamer to seek his fortune in a new world. This lad, ambitious and thrifty, in time became fully absorbed in American ideals and customs. He was a native of Agoralecha, Greece, where in 1885 he was born, the son of George and Anastasia Adraktas. For six months he stayed in New York and then mov- ed westward to Chicago where he was employed in some of the best known of United States hotels, including the Congress Hotel. He spent seven years (1905-1912) in Chicago, and on May 12, 1912, started a confectionery and ice cream parlor at Oconto, Wisconsin. In 1913 he erected a modern structure to house his business there and on June 20, 1915, fire, which came from an adjacent building, was respons- ible for his business being burned to the ground. Mr. Adraktas then visited Antigo, decided to locate here, ?nd on June 19, 1915, with $200 as his only capital, except much energy and grit, he opened the Adraktas Sweet Shop, which since has been very successful. Two years later he purchased the Daskam block, a splendid two-story brick structure in which he has his business, flats, office rooms and a lodge room and dance hall. This business is at 805-07 Fifth avenue. Mr. Adraktas employes seven to eight employees on an average annually. He was married on August 9, 1916, to Charlotte Nelson, of Chicago, Illinois. They reside at 1230 Superior street, which residence was purchased from F. Kester in 1921. Fraternally Mr. Adraktas is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose. ERNEST ADRAKTAS was born on April 10, 1892, the son of George and Anastasia Adraktas, of Agoral- echa, Greece. He came to the United States when sixteen years of age, settling in Chicago, where he was employed five to six years. He moved to Oconto to be in the employ of his brother Chris Adraktas, whom he is now with. He has been employed also at numerous places, including Fond du Lac, and places in North Dakota, Indiana and Minnesota, as well as Antigo. He enlisted May 25, 1918, in Co. A, 243rd Infantry and served at Camp Logan, Texas. He was honor- ably discharged from service on December 3, 1918, and resumed his employment in Antigo, as candy- maker for the Adraktas Sweet Shop. VERNON J. McHALE, a prominent young Attor- ney-at-Law, son of James and Katherine (Byrne) Mc- Hale, well known Antigo residents, was born on Aug- ust 25, 1897. As a boy and youth he attended the parochial schools of Antigo and the Antigo High School, from which he graduated in 1917. He then entered Marquette University where he took up the law course, which he completed in 1921. He re- turned to Antigo and on September 12, 1921, began the practice of law, opening up an office in the Lewis building, where he is now located. During his short career as an attorney he has made numerous friends and has won many cases of import- ance. He is a member of Delta Theta Phi, National legal fraternity. In 1922 he was urged by many of his friends and neighbors to become a candidate for the Democratic nomination for District Attorney of Langlade County and in a close race defeated T. J. Reinert, then District Attorney. The race Attorney McHale made was the biggest surprise of the elec- tion. He is now a candidate, at this writing, for that HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 301 office of responsibility and trust, and is making a strenuous campaign to be elected. Fraternally Attorney McHale is a member of An- tigo Council No. 1002, Knights of Columbus. One of the youngest practicing attorneys in Wis- consin, his future is bright and full of promise for an unusual success, as he is now rapidly building up a substantial practice. JOSEPH BOLL. A well-known Antigo lumberman, who has been a resident of Langlade County since 1882 is Joseph Boll, who was born on August 16, 1878, at Clark's Mills, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. When four years of age he moved with his parents to Antigo, then a small village. Here he grew to man- hood, having during his boyhood attended the par- ochial schools and the Antigo High School. From his youth he has followed the lumbering busi- ness, working at one time with the late B. F. Dorr, first civil engineer of the city, as a surveyor and cruis- er, for six years. He was twelve years associated with the Kingsbury & Henshaw lumber company as their foreman and since the reorganization of the Hen- shaw Lumber Company has remained as foreman of the plant. Mr. Boll was married in November, 1899, to Mary Yentz. To this union six children were born. They are Roy, born on June 25; Lila, born August 4; lola, born January 9; Clayton born July 17; Marie, born May 4, and Chester, born September 4. Fraternally Mr. Boll is a member of the Eagles, and Antigo lodge No. 662 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. The Boll residence is at 206 South Clermont street. Mr. Boll takes a keen interest in sports, is a lover of the great out-of-doors, and delights in spending a day or two at a good trout stream or a week in the tall timber during the deer hunting season. MATHEW E. PERSON. Price township has many influential and thrifty citizens among whom the name of Mathew E. Person is respected and held in esteem. Mr. Person, who is proprietor of the Bryant Garage, was born in Littlesand, Norway, the son of Anna and Thorwald Person. When two years of age he came to America with his parents, who settled in Price township. Here Mr. Person grew to manhood. He attended the Bryant graded schools and engaged in the occupation of farmer until he was nineteen years old. He then entered Greer College of Motoring, Chicago, 111., from which he graduated in 1917. He then was employed for nine months by the Four Wheel Drive Truck Company, of Clintonville, follow- ing which he returned to Bryant just before entering the services of the United States during the World War. While at Bryant he engaged in automobile repair work. He enlisted on September 2, 1918, and serv- ed in the 1st Ordnance Company, attached to the 85th Division and was stationed at Penniman, Va. He received his honorable discharge on March 14, 1919. Mr. Person was married on June 15, 1921, to Miss Florence Lambrechts. They make their home in Bryant, where, in 1920, Mr. Person erected the Bryant Garage, a prosperous business of which he can feel proud. Besides a general repairing of automobiles the garage is an authorized Ford Service Station. Mr. Person's mother passed away on November 4, 1912, and is at rest in the Bent cemetery. Price town- ship. His father, Thorwald Person, still resides in Price, which he has aided materially in developing. The Persons are members of the Methodist Episco- pal church. GEORGE JOHN MANTHEY. Leaders, it is said, are ordinary persons, with extraordinary determina- tion. Among the leaders in the commercial field in Antigo is George John Manthey, better known as The Farmer Boy, who has the distinction of producing a splendid business in flour, feed, grains, groceries and general farm produce on the site of the first store in Antigo. He was born at Ripon, Wisconsin, on March 20, 1884, the son of Anna (Rutkoski) and F. E. Man- they, the first of eight children. When but an infant he came to Antigo with his parents, his father estab- lishing himself in business as a tailor, the second in Antigo. As soon as the new settlers arrived F. E. Manthey, with his characteristic determination, set about to find a place to reside. A little frame build- ing was used as their first home in Antigo. The Greisch building now covers the place where it stood. Young George attended the parochial schools of Antigo and after receiving an elementary education started out into the world to seek his own fortune. He engaged in various occupations, including agri- culture, having owned a farm for three years in An- tigo township. He was also employed in railroad shops and manufacturing institutions. He started to work for the Antigo Cash Grocery in 1916 and three years later started a flour and feed and grocery business for himself. On September 16, 1919, he purchased the property of A. N. Anderson at 610 Superior street and in October, 1919, was es- tablished in business there. (A. N. Anderson is a son of Niels Anderson, first Antigo merchant). This business he originally opened up on Fifth Ave- nue but a short time before purchasing the Anderson property. George Manthey was united in marriage to Miss Mary Cherf on August 15, 1911, to which union four children were born. They are Bernardine, born May 20, 1913; Georgia, born January 18, 1915; John, born April 8, 1919 and Richard, born December 28, 1921. Mr. and Mrs. Manthey and children are members of St. Mary's church. Fraternally Mr. Manthey is a member of the Mystic Workers of the World. He is a great believer in optimism and an enthusiastic booster of practical progress in Antigo. While An- tigo should be generally advertised to the outside world, Mr. Manthey believes also that the city and county should be better advertised to the citizens within its borders. 302 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Rev. John Cherf, a brother of Mrs. George Man- they, was ordained on November 15, 1918. Rev. Cherf belongs to the Order of St. Benedict. He is now teaching theology and philosophy in St. Proco- pius College, Lisle, Illinois. He is a graduate of the University of Illinois and Northwestern University. SAM B. ULLMAN, prominent citizen, identified with many business enterprises, was born May 16, 1881, at Appleton, Wisconsin, the son of Pauline and Joseph Ullman. He attended the public schools and in 1899 graduated from the Appleton High School. is a member of the Board of Directors of the First National Bank, with which he has been connected for four years, is Treasurer of the Northern Timber Cor- poration, Big Bay, Michigan, the owner of several of the largest and best farms in Langlade County, as well as several large blocks of cut-over land. Mr. Ullman owned the Metcalf, Humble and Ogden farms but is now in possession of only the Humble famri. He is the owner of the Ullman building, intersection of Fifth Avenue and Superior street. During the war he acted as Vice President of the Antigo Red Cross Chapter, was a member of the Antigo Militia League SAM B. L"LLMAX A resident of Antigo for nearly twenty-five years, who has Ijeeii in charge of the J. Ullman & Company business since IHOO, is a memlier of the directorate of the First National Bank, an extensive real estate owner and has been often suggested as the logical citizen for Mayor of Antigo. In 1900 Mr. Ullm.an came to Antigo where he took charge of the J. Ullman & Company business, which is one of the pioneer Langlade County enterprises, having been established in 1882. Offices are located at 721 Fourth Avenue. Sam B Ullman was married to Lucile Stein of Chicago, 111., in September, 1915. Mr. and Mrs. Ullman have two children, Frederick and Tom. Mr. Ullman is a member of the B. P. 0. E. of which he has been Exalted Ruler for eight terms, and is a member of the Masonic lodge. He has been actively connected with many business organizations; of which he was an officer and actively participated in all campaigns for war funds including the Victory Loan. He was urged several times in the public press and through petitions presented to him by ad- miring citizens to become a candidate for Mayor of Antigo. This honor he has declined. The Ullman family reside at 1223 Superior street, Antigo, Wis. FRANK AUGUSTINE. One of the well known residents of Antigo, who has been engaged in the re- tail liquor and soft drink business for many years, is HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 303 Frank Augustine, who came to Antigo in May, 1910. Mr. Augustine was born in the town of Kossuth, Man- itowoc County, Wisconsin, the son of Anna and Peter Augustine, on August 20, 1877. He attended the rural schools of his native township and then engaged in agricultural work until twenty-six years of age. He left home at seventeen and purchased a farm in the township, which he sold later to engage in the retail liquor business in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. He traded the saloon for another farm in Kossuth town- ship where he farmed two and a half years, return- ing then to Sheboygan from where he moved to Mer- rill. He farmed in Lincoln County for two years and then came to Antigo in May, 1910. He rented forty acres of land in Antigo township, then worked for W. J. Mattek for over four years, and a short time for William Reader. He then entered the employ of An- ton Kraus and in 1920 purchased the Jos. J. Du- quette soft drink parlor in Antigo, which he conducted until July 3, 1922, when he sold out. Mr. Augustine was married to Mary Stuck on Dec- ember 30, 1901, to which union nine children were born. Mr. Augustine is a member of the Catholic Knights of Wisconsin and the family atljends St. John's church, Antigo, Wisconsin. The Augustine residence is at 320 Elm street, An- tigo. Mr. Augustine is a graduate of the College of Agriculture Dairy School, University of Wisconsin, from which he received his diploma in 1900. THOMAS E. CAVANAUGH. The trials of the pioneers of Langlade County were discouraging, thus only settlers of a courageous spirit weathered the storms and hardships of the new settlers' life. Among the early settlers in Antigo township was the Edward Cavanaugh family. Thomas Cavanaugh, the subject of this sketch, was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, on August 30, 1866, the son of Edward and Margaret (Kevin) Cavanaugh, and was the oldest child in the family. When a boy of fourteen years he moved to the town of Antigo with his parents, arriving in that township on November 1, 1881. Previously, in 1879, Edward Cavanaugh had purchased a farm in section 6 of Antigo township, then called Springbrook town- ship. For eight years young Thomas lived on the farm, clearing the forests, cutting wood, cultivating the crops and doing other work necessary. Then the family moved into Antigo, a growing little city. Thomas had but a meagre education, having attended the Third Ward School, Appleton, Wis., and spent one winter in an Ackley township rural school. He worked in the woods, on farms, sawmills, one winter with Val. P. Rath, veteran County Clerk, and was employed on a M. L. S. & W. work train in 1885. In 1886 he began his career as a railroad brakeman, be- ginning that work in November, 1886. Three years later, 1889, he was promoted to Night Yard Master and in June, 1891, received another promotion, being transferred to Milwaukee, where he was until Febru- ary 2, 1906, when he was returned to Antigo to as- sume full charge as Yard Master of the Antigo yards of the C. & N. W. R. R. Co., which position he has maintained as a reward for responsibility and service. Mr. Cavanaugh was married on February 20, 1895, to Ellen Buckley, then of Milwaukee, but a native of Canada. Six children were born, four of whom are now living. Marie and Ileen are deceased. The other children are Edward, James, Alice and Kath- leen. The devoted wife of Mr. Cavanaugh passed away on February 4, 1912. The Cavanaugh resi- dence is at 622 Lincoln street. Fraternally Mr. Cavanaugh is a member of Antigo Council, No. 1002, Knights of Columbus, the B. of R. E., and the Mystic Workers of the World; he is also a member of the Yardmasters' Association of Amer- ica. The family attends St. John's Catholic church. During the World War Thomas Cavanaugh was an active war worker, taking a leading part in the Red Cross, Liberty Loan Drives, and in the success of the Victory Fund. Edward and Margaret Cavanaugh, his father and mother, and pioneers of Langlade County, lived to see Antigo and the county at large grow into a thriv- ing and progressive community. Edward Cavanaugh died in 1913, two years after the death of his wife, Margaret. Both are at rest in Appleton, Wisconsin. James Cavanaugh, a brother of Thomas Cavanaugh, came to Antigo at the same time the rest of the fam- ily did, in 1881. He is now deceased, as is his wife. One son, Paul, a student of the University of Wis- consin, survives, and makes his home with Thomas Cavanaugh. HENRY HERSANT. Among the leading agricul- turists of Langlade County, who are not only pioneers, but have taken a prominent part in the various activ- ities of the county, is Henry Hersant, well known farmer of Norwood township. Mr. Hersant was born in Freedom, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, the son of Anna and John Hersant. When a youth he moved to Langlade County, settling in Norwood township on March 16, 1881. The county was new and farming was difficult. But with energy characteristic of him in later years, Mr. Hersant set about to develop one of the finest farms in the county, with the result that today he has 160 acres of land, a fine residence, splen- did barns, silo, machine sheds and other buildings. Mr. Hersant was united in marriage on September 29, 1891, to Mary Menting, of Phlox. The Hersant children all reside at Phlox. They are Joseph, Anna, Arnold, Albert, Frank, Hattie, Herman, Minnie, Igna- tious, and John. Henry Hersant, a product of the pioneer public and parochial schools of his time, was for ten years acting as Township Chairman of Norwood, a position of honor and confidence. During the World War he was selected as a member of the Board of Exemption of Langlade County. The activities of this Board are discussed elsewhere in this work. Mr. Hersant per- formed an extraordinary service to the country while in that service, and future county historians should accord the members of that body due credit. He 304 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. also was active in all other patriotic war efforts in the county. Mr. Hersant is affiliated with the Knights of Colum- bus, the Catholic Order of Foresters and the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity. The family attends the St. Joseph's church, Phlox, Wisconsin. Henry Hersant has seen Antigo and its vicinity grow from a vast stretch of wilderness to one of the most productive sections of upper Wisconsin during a span of forty years. The part that he played in this advancement has been of incredible importance. JOSEPH GROSSMAN. From the old world have come many of Langlade County's best agriculturists, men reared to the soil who have brought with them many of the sterling, sturdy traits of their forefathers. In this class stands the late Joseph Grossman. He was born on March 16, 1853, in Austria-Hungary. He received his education in the schools of his native home and came to America on January 29, 1893. Ten years previously he was united in holy nuptial bonds to Anna Kolz, in 1883. To this union four children were born, three of whom are living. They are George Grossman, a well known and prosperous farmer of Kempster, Langlade County; Mrs. Joseph Seis who resides at 519 Field street, Antigo, Wisconsin, and Frank J. Grossman, residing on Route 1, Antigo. Joseph Grossman settled in Langlade County at Elmhurst, Rolling township, in January, 1893. He followed his occupation as an agriculturist for many years, passing away on September 26, 1916. Mrs. Grossman died on March 30, 1913. Both are at rest in the Antigo Catholic cemetery. FRANK GROSSMAN, prominent business man. was born August 29, 1893. He received a common school education and began to make his way in the world for himself. He has been associated with Joseph Seis in a soft drink business on Field street for a number of years, the business being commenced before the Volstead act was passed, being then a re- tail liquor establishment. Mr. Grossman was mar- ried to Miss Agnes Spearo, who comes from a sub- stantial Langlade County family, on August 24, 1920. Frank Grossman is fraternally a member of Antigo lodge Loyal Order of Moose, and St. Joseph's Benev- olent Society. He has a wide acquaintance in the city of Antigo and in the county. JAMES H. WORDEN. Born in Sumner, Gratiot County, Michigan, June 19, 1864. Father, Arnold Worden. Received common school education. At age of 14 moved to Shelby, Oceona County, Michi- gan. Went into lumber business at Shelby, cutting for Nelson & Matters Furniture Co. at age of 18. Went to Cedar Springs, Kent County, Michigan, where operated his first sawmill for eight years. Purchased tract timber on Oceola branch of G. R. & Indiana, erected two mills, shingle and saw mill, which oper- ated for seven years. Located then at Jeffries, Wis., where he bought out Jeffries Lumber Company saw and planing mills and 16,000 acres. While at Jeff- ries organized the Jeffries & Northeastern Railroad Company in 1903. Charles Sligh was associated with Mr. Worden in Worden Lumber Co. for four years. Sold interests out in 1904 and came to Antigo, pur- chasing the sawmill of the T. D. Kellogg Lbr. & Mfg. Co., at Antigo. Mr. Worden was married in August, 1898, to Belle Allen, and has one son, James H. Wor- den, Jr. He is a member of the B. P. 0. E. and Ma- sonic lodges. His home is at 1335 Clermont street, Antigo, Wisconsin. He is president of Wolf River Lumber Company and is a partner in the Henshaw Lumber Company. H. A. FRIEDEMAN. Born October 25, 1858, at Watertown, Jefferson County, son of Ernest F. and Mary Friedeman. Attended public schools until 16 years of age. Was employed seven years with one firm in Watertown; went then to Milwaukee to Spen- cerian Business College for a year; returned to Watertown for two years and then returned to Mil- waukee where for four years he was engaged in dry goods business. Came to Antigo in 1887 with broth- er, Ernest F. Friedeman, and they engaged in bakery and confectionery business until spring of 1909 when Mr. Friedman was elected County Treasurer. Mr. Friedeman is still County Treasurer, having been re- elected since his election first. He was City Treas- urer of Antigo in 1897-98. February 11, 1888, he mar- ried Sophia Maas, of Milwaukee. Children, six; five living, four girls and one boy. While at Watertown was member of Co. I, 2nd Regiment, from which he was honorably discharged September 22, 1885. Was City Supervisor from the Fifth Ward, Antigo, Wis., in 1908-09. Mr. Friedeman is a member of the Beavers, I. 0. O. F. and Masonic lodges and a devout member of the Unity Evangelical church. His residence is at 713 .Sixth Avenue, Antigo, Wisconsin. SYLVESTER J. LYNDE, railway conductor, was born at Whitby, Province of Ontario, Canada, Decem- ber 7, 1860, the son of Jabez and Margaret (Tweedie) Lynde. When about two years old his parents died. He then lived with his grandparents on a farm until he reached the age of twenty-three. In the spring of 1883 he came to the United States, locating at Chicago, from where he entered the service of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad as a passenger brakeman. He worked in a mining supply store at Ironwood, Michigan, during the rush of the iron ore country when its boom was at high tide. He re-en- tered the service of the Northwestern railway in June, 1891, and has served continuously since with that rail- road. He is now a conductor of long standing and many years seniority. Mr. Lynde was united in mar- riage to Lillie May Canavan on March 19, 1894. Five children, three girls and two boys, were born to this union. Margaret, second child, died when seven months old. The other children are Frank T., born June 25, 1895, at Hudson, Wis., and Robert Gordon, a University student; Lydia, who attends St. Xaviers HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 305 Academy at Chicago, and Edith, a high school stud- ent. Frank Lynde, Division Account of the Ashland Di- vision, C. & N. W. Railroad, entered the army dur- ing the World War with Germany on April 21, 1917. He served overseas and attained the rank of a Lieu- tenant in Artillery. He was honorably discharged March 4, 1919. Sylvester Lynde, the subject of this sketch, is a member of the B. of R. T. No. 151 ; Order of Railway Conductors No. 462; the B. P. O. E. No. 662; and the Wisconsin Consistory, 32nd degree, A. F. & A. M. The Lynde residence is at 516 Second avenue, Antigo. y MATT WACHAL, SR. Before Ackley township was detached from Lincoln County some of Langlade County's most progressive residents took up home- steads or purchased land in the dense wilderness. Matt Wachal, Sr., a native of Bohemia, where he was born February 23, 1862, came to Langlade County in October, 1879. The trip was made by team from Wausau and required two days. There were no roads but rough trails. This hardy pioneer settled on section 36, East Ackley. He had landed on U. S. soil seven years before, June, 1872, and after engaging in mill work at Cooperstown, Manitowoc County, and elsewhere, concluded that this region offered better opportunities to the ambitious homeseeker. Antigo's site was then a vast swamp. Scott Hale and the Mc- Cloud family were living southwest and south of the present city limits. Sections 35 and 36 were dense areas of pine and hardwood. On April 7, 1883, Mr. Wachal married Marie Maresh. He has a splendid eighty acre farm, has been honored by his neighbors with various official trusts, including township Supervisor for three years, and School Clerk of District No. 1. Mr. Wachal has done his part to make Langlade County better. M. J. EVENSON. Born August 4, 1860. Came to Antigo in 1892 as head sawyer of the J. H. Weed mill, then Antigo's largest saw mill. Has been en- gaged in various occupations, principally building contracting and carpenter work. Married Louisa E. Holmes in the spring of 1892. To this union were born five children, four boys and one girl. One of the boys died. Mr. Evenson is engaged in a lucrative mercantile business in Antigo. His residence is 1539 Clermont street. Two sons, Louis and Earl, attend the University of Wisconsin, the former graduating in 1923. The Evenson family attends the Methodist Episcopal church of Antigo. LOUIS P. KIEFFER. Born April 13, 1885, at Schofield, the son of John and Agnes Kieffer. The subject of this sketch has been distinctly a self-made man. At the age of fourteen he moved to Wausau with his parents and began at once to learn the butcher business. He worked hard and ultimately Kieffer Brothers market was organized with L. P. Kieffer a partner. February 17, 1912, Mr. Kieffer came to An- tigo and with Peter Klemann opened the Palace Meat Market, 907 Fifth avenue. March 24, 1919, the en- tire market was taken over by Mr. Kieffer upon Mr. Klemann's temporary retirement from business. Mr. Kieffer was married September 27, 1907, to Hattie Boerke, of Wausau, Wis. Three children, one boy and two girls, bless this union. The Kieffer resi- dence is 1121 Fifth avenue. Mr. Kieffer is a member of the B. P. O. E., L. 0. 0. M., Eagles, and Beavers fraternities. The family attends St. John's Catholic church. E. W. VAUGHN. Born November 15, 1847, in town of Porter, Rock County, son of Anslem and Ro- setta Vaughn. When a child moved with parents to Portage County where he lived thirty years. Novem- ber 24, 1878, he married Helen Gould of the Town of Belmont, Portage County. In 1900 Mr. and Mrs. Vaughn moved to Antigo from Jordan township. Port- age County. Mr. and Mrs. Vaughn were the parents of four children, Albert, Walter, Eugene and Gerald, the latter dying at the age of five. Mr. Vaughn passed away December 13, 1903. He was buried in the An- tigo cemetery. His wife lives with her son, Walter, at 822 Mendlik avenue. E. W. Vaughn was a res- pected citizen who stood well in the community. He was a blacksmith by trade. PRIEBE BROS. Hubert and Amandus Priebe came to Antigo from St. Louis, Mo., in December, 1901. The Priebe Sheet Metal Works, located at 508 Superior street, was then organized by the industrious men. They have a profitable business with a drawing radius of sixty miles. GEORGE J. BOWLER, Attorney, was born July 19, 1879, at Sparta, son of John and Johanna Bowler. At- tended public schools and graduated from Sparta High School in 1895. Was employed as a farmer, taught school and traveled as a representative of the Interna- tional Harvester Co. Entered the U. of W. Law School from which he graduated in 1903. Has been engaged successfully as a practicing lawyer in Antigo since 1913. Was City Attorney in 1914. Previously practiced law with Jas. J. Bowler of Sparta, Timothy and E. R. Bowler of Sheboygan and C. A. A. McGee, of Milwaukee. George J. Bowler is active in Wisconsin Democratic politics. In 1912 he was chairman of the Speakers' Bureau for the State Central Committee. Attorney Bowler is a member of the B. P. O. E. and K. of C. lodges. PETER H. KLEMANN. Born in Wausau Septem- ber 7, 1884; was the son of Amelia and John Klemann. He entered the butcher business after attending the public schools of Wausau, where, with the exception of four years spent at Bessmer, Michigan, he resided until coming to Antigo in 1911. Mr. Klemann started his business career as a delivery boy at the princely sum of $2 per week. He formed a partnership with L. P. Kieffer six months after coming to Antigo. The Palace Market under the regime of Klemann & Kief- 306 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. fer built up a large trade. Seven years elapsed and Mr. Klemann withdrew from the firm, remaining out of business until March 1, 1920, when he purchased the A. N. Anderson market, 810 Fifth avenue, which he still owns. Mr. Klemann married Miss Margaret Friedeman, January 20, 1916, to which union three children, two boys and one girl, were born. The Kle- mann family resides at 928 Clermont street. In November, 1921, Mr. Klemann purchased the Roberts building on Fifth avenue in which his mar- ket is located. Mr. Klemann is a member of all Ma- sonic orders and held the 1921-22 term as Commander of Antigo Commandery. He is a trustee of the Evan- gelical church and was active in World War cam- paigns. hostelry he has been active manager of since 1902. On September 4, 1905, Mr. Hoffman was married to Miss Josephine Wanninger, a well known Antigo young lady. This union has been blessed with four children as follows: Joseph, born July 2, 1907; Fran- cis, born December 18, 1908; Marion, born March 6, 1910, and Margaret, bom June 28, 1912. Frank J. Hoffman is distinctly an Antigo product, he having grown up with the city from its early days when it was a settlement of less than 3000 souls. He is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Loyal Order of Moose, Eag'les, Catholic Knights of Wisconsin, the Greeters of America, a ho- tel organization, the American Hotel Association, and The Wisconsin State Hotel Association. He has FRANK J. HOFFMAX Proprietor of The Hoffnian House. Mr. Hoffman is a member of both the Wisconsin and .-Xmerican Hotel .Associations. He is a married man and has four children. FRANK J. HOFFMAN was born February 27, 1884, at Gresham, Shawano County, and came to Antigo with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Hoffman, from that place when he was three months old. Mr. Hoff- man attended the public and parochial schools and the high school of Antigo during his boyhood. Leaving school he became associated with his fath- er in the management of the Hoffman House, which never desired public office but his friends chose to elect him a member of the Board of Education and he served two years — 1914-1915. An honor seldom conferred was bestowed upon Mr. Hoffman in 1921 during the State G. A. R. Encamp- ment when he was made an honorary member of the Fife & Drum Corps. Only two awards are made dur- ing one year. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 307 HON. B. W. RYNDERS. Prominent Democratic leader, ex-Mayor and member of the Assembly, was born in the town of Ellington, Outagamie County, February 3, 1871. He was educated in the public schools of Hortonville and Oshkosh Normal, taught school for eight years and then engaged in real estate and insurance business in Antigo, Wis., for fourteen years. Mr. Rynders has served as Supervisor, Alder- man, President of the City Council, Mayor of Antigo two years. President of the Police and Fire Commis- sion, Treasurer of Langlade County Normal and in 1920 was elected to the Assembly, receiving 3282 votes to 2427 for James A. Parker, Republican. Mr. Ryn- ders was one of the only two Democrats in the Assem- bly. He was married to Marie Deane, of Clark Coun- ty, August 14, 1897. Four children were born to this union — three boys and one girl. He is a member of the Sons of Veterans, the E. F. U. and M. W. A. lodges. Mr. Rynders is proprietor of the American House, An- tigo, Wis. PAUL THOMPSON, prominent farmer, potatoe- grower and horse dealer, was born in the town of Clayton, Winnebago County, Wis., in 1880, son of Francis C. and Marion Pattirson Thompson. He spent his boyhood and youth on his father's farm there. In 1897 he moved to Langlade County where he was afforded opportunity to work with his team in the woods. Since then he has logged extensively. In 1903 he spent six months visiting Washington, Oregon and California. Returning to Antigo he oper- ated a livery service in connection with the Butterfield Hotel, for one year. He married Mary A. Brandt, September, 1906. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have two children, Harry P., and Roy K. Mr. Thompson spent the first years of his married life in Antigo, then mov- ed on a farm in Norwood township. In 1916 he sold his farm, and purchased the Chandler sugar-bush prop- erty. The timber was logged by Mr. Thompson. This completed he purchased the Quinn farm on Highway No. 39, just outside of the city limits. Mr. Thompson's farm is known as The City View Farm, and is one of the best in the county. JOHN EDWARD McKENNA, well known railroad conductor, was born March 11, 1874, at Chilton, Calu- met County, the son of Elizabeth and James McKenna. He is a pioneer resident of Antigo, coming here in 1881 with his parents when Antigo was a little hamlet. He attended the city schools of Antigo, and in 1890 en- tered the employ of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad which was purchased by the C. & N. W. R. R. Co. in 1893. Mr. McKenna rose to the rank of conductor, which position he still holds. October 11, 1898, he married Katherine F. Donohue, to which union six children were born. They are Eugene, Mary, Katherine, Mildred, Marjorie and Elizabeth. Mr. McKenna is a member of the Knights of Colum- bus, B. P. 0. E., and Order of Railway Conductors. He served on the Board of Education of the city of Antigo in 1919-20. The McKenna residence is at 1103 Superior street, at the Graham avenue intersection. AUGUST J. STABE was born in Germany, January 10, 1859, the son of William Stabe. At the age of twenty he came to America with his mother settling at Brooklyn, N. Y., from where they moved to Rhine- beck, a city on the Hudson, below Albany, N. Y. In 1880 Mr. Stabe moved westward and settled at Apple- ton, Outagamie County. May 15, 1882, he married Amelia Kratska, of Seymour, Wis. Eight children, five girls and three boys, were born to this union. One, a girl, died in infancy. Mrs. Stabe passed away Jan- uary 8, 1910. Her remains are buried in the old An- tigo cemetery. Mr. Stabe is a mason by trade. He began his trade while in Albany, N. Y. The Stabe family moved to Antigo in 1894. Ten years before then Mr. Stabe had contract work in Antigo. He is a charter member of the Beavers, President of Local No. 25 since 1918, and I. U. of M. B. & P., a delegate to the Central Labor Union. He has built many of the schools in Langlade County, including the Mal- colm, Kennedy, Elton, and other district schools. L. J. KOLES, wholesale confectioner, was born Aug- ust 9, 1889, in Antigo, Wisconsin, son of Julia and Albert Koles. He attended St. John's Parochial school and the Antigo High School, graduating from the lat- ter in 1910. He distinguished himself in high school as a fine athlete and star football player, one of the best ever representing the colors of the A. H. S. Sep- tember 14, 1914, he began as a bookkeeper for the Antigo Confectionery Co. and in five years, April 29, 1919, he purchased the Antigo Confectionery Co. busi- ness. He continued the wholesale candy business under the name L. J. Koles Candy Company. At the time of organization this concern was the only ex- clusive wholesale firm in Antigo. November 21, 1916, Mr. Koles was married to Mary Alice Strong. Mr. and Mrs. Koles have two children, Katherine, age three, and Louise, age one. L. J. Koles is an active member of Antigo Council No. 1002 Knights of Colum- bus, in which council he has held many offices. He is now Secretary of the Council. The Koles family resides at 502 Second avenue. Mr. Koles' pastime is bowling, which he thoroughly enjoys. The L. J. Koles Candy Company is located at 608 Dorr street. The concern enjoys a lucrative patronage in a territory with a radius of fifty miles extending out from Antigo through four counties, Langlade, Oneida, Forest and Shawano. LOUIS L. PORLIER, former Sheriff, was born at Oshkosh, Winnebago County, November 29, 1881. He lived on a farm at Butte-des-Marts, Wisconsin, until he attained the age of fourteen. He then returned to Oshkosh where he resided six years. Mr. Porlier came to Antigo when about twenty years of age. Here he worked in the woods and saw mills until coming to the city of Antigo in 1910. His rise in the police and sheriff departments was then rapid. He worked as 308 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. special police in Antigo for several years, was Deputy Sheriff under Sheriff Thomas Ford for two years, 1915-16. Appointed Under-Sheriff under Sheriff Ed- ward Buchen for two years 1917-18. In the fall of 1918 he was elected Sheriff over a field of candidates and served for two years. He then entered the vul- canizing business. He was married January 12, 1909, to Zehna Pearson, of Koepenick, Wis. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus, Loyal Order of Moose, B. P. O. E., Catholic Knights of Wis- consin and Beavers. Mr. and Mrs. Porlier have two children, Russel, age 10, and Virginia, age 6. he purchased Charles Polman's property in Borgman building. He has since conducted a well maintained restaurant since the Volstead Act became a law. Mr. Kupper first married Emma Krueger, who passed away. He re-married to Amelia Hayes, and upon her demise, Mr. Kupper was married to Mrs. Anna Schlunt. The Kupper family consists of seven child- ren, three boys and four girls. Mr. Kupper is a mem- ber of the Eagles and Camels fraternal organizations. He served as an Alderman from the Fourth Ward under Mayor T. W. Hogan in 1899, 1902-03. One son, Emil, served in the World War. JOHN P. CALLAHAN, railroad leader and County Treasurer, was born January 24, 1876, at Fond du Lac, son of Mr. and Mrs. Terrance Callahan. When a lad of five he moved to Antigo with his parents. Here he attended the public and parochial schools. At the age of sixteen he began his railroading career by ob- taining employment in the round house of the old M. L. S. & W. R. R. Co. He rose to the rank of fireman and then engineer. From 1901 to February 13, 1903, he served as an engineer on the C. & N. W. Railroad. He was injured permanently in an accident rendering his left leg practically useless, while performing his duty. He then, upon the request of many friends, became a candidate for County Treasurer and was elected in the fall of 1914. He was re-elected in 1916, 1918, 1920 and 1922. Mr. Callahan is a Demo- crat in politics. He was married to Catherine Reindl, Antigo, Wisconsin, April 23, 1891. Five children bless this union. They are John, Jr., Francis, Gerald, Margar- et and Catherine. Mr. Callahan is an active member of the B. of L. E., of which he has been Secretary- Treasurer of Langlade Division No. 536 for four years. He is a member of the Catholic Foresters, K. of C, Eagles, and E. F. U. lodges. The Callahan family reside at 428 Dorr street. MICHAEL J. BINDER, hotel proprietor, was born June 22, 1873, in Oshkosh, the son of Mary and Char- les Binder. He came to Langlade County in 1890 and settled at Elton, Evergreen township village, when that region was a vast dense forest. He was married January 28, 1908, to Miss Ida Jenson, of Chicago, Illinois. To this union three children, two boys and one girl, were born. The Elton Hotel, of which Mr. Binder is proprietor, is located on Highway No. 64, direct route from Merrill to Marinette. THEODORE KUPPER, restaurant proprietor, was born December 5, 1859, son of Eva and William Kup- per. He lived at the place of his birth, Genschmar, Germany, until he was twenty-three years old. He then came to the U. S. and settled at once in Antigo, June 7, 1883. With him came his parents. He work- ed at Weeds' mill, then on the M. L. S. & W. railroad, Herman & Becklinger's sawmill, Buerger's news stand and as a bar tender for Frank Reindl and Herman Schlundt. Entered business as a retail liquor mer- chant in 1904 associating with Jacob Kunz. In 1914 GEORGE E. MOORE, Physician and Surgeon, was born April 26, 1890, the son of Prof, and Mrs. R. A. Moore, University of Wisconsin, Madison. He attend- ed the Madison High School from which he gradu- ated in 1910. He entered the University of Wiscon- sin from which he graduated with a B. A. degree in 1914. He then entered the Northwestern University Medical School graduating in 1918. Dr. Moore be- came House Surgeon of King County Hospital, N. Y. and held a commission as a U. S. Naval Lieutenant. February 12, 1919, he married Louise Kroll, of New York City. The following June Dr. and Mrs. Moore came to Antigo, Wisconsin. Dr. Moore was associated with G. W. Moore, with offices in the First National Bank Building, but since the latter's removal from Antigo he has engaged in the practice of his profes- sion alone. He is a member of the B. P. 0. E. His residence is at 1005 Clermont street. JAMES GAGEN, real estate, abstract and insur- ance dealer, was born in Eagle River, Vilas County, Wisconsin, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Dan Gagen. When an infant he moved with his parents to Three Lakes, down the Chain O' Lakes and thence over the Mili- tary Road six miles, a total distance then of about thirty miles. Here he lived during his boyhood and youth. He attended school and engaged with his father in general farming and logging operations. He made his first visit to Antigo in 1886 when the city was about a year old. Mr. Gagen permanently locat- ed in Antigo in 1891 and now resides at 403 Hudson street. He has been Law Clerk in the office of George W. Latta, Antigo Attorney, Clerk of the Com- mittee on Engrossed Bills in the State Legislature, Secretary of the Langlade County Democratic Com- mittee, Official Municipal Court Reporter of Lang- lade County in 1910-12, and since has engaged in the real estate, insurance and abstract business. His of- fices are located in the Fidelity Bank building. He was married to Miss Florence E. Truesdell, of Antigo, Wis., September 1, 1904. EDWIN R. F. MURPHY, Physician and Surgeon, son of Frances Ferris and Garrison C. Murphy, was born June 24, 1876, in the city of Milwaukee, Wis. He attended the public schools of Milwaukee and then entered St. John's Military Academy, Delafield, Wisconsin, from which he graduated. He then en- I HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 309 tered Marquette University graduating from that in- stitution's school of Medicine in 1903. He became first assistant physician at the Milwaukee Society Hos- pital and later was attached to the Germania Clinical Laboratory of Milwaukee, Wis. He moved to Cran- don, Forest County, Wis., in 1905, and practiced his profession in that city for ten years. Dr. Murphy spent two years in charge of St. Stephen's Hospital in Alaska (1915-16). He returned to the U. S. and located in Antigo, Wis., where he has since practiced with the exception of that period when he was in U. S. service. June 30, 1917, he was commissioned a First Lieutenant, and in May, 1918, was called into service. He went from Antigo to Bellevue Hospital, New York City, where he took an eight weeks' course in war surgery, then went to Camp Dix, N. J., where he engaged in major surgery until embarking for France where he was attached to Base Hospital No. 78 until L. P. TRADEWELL, was born on a farm, town of Mt. Pleasant, Racine County, March 31, 1879. Father, Wm. Tradewell. Attended common schools and grad- uated from Racine High School in 1900. Taught rural schools at Kansasville and North Cape, Wis- consin two years. Came to Antigo in 1902. On Oc- tober 20, 1907, married Carrie Blanche Fricke, at Mil- waukee, to which union four children, two boys and two girls, were born. Mrs. Tradewell died March 2, 1918. On May 25, 1920, Mr. Tradewell was married to Helen Annette Benishek, daughter of ex-Mayor Benishek, of Antigo. Mr. Tradewell is interested in the Morse & Tradewell Company, Faust Lumber Com- pany, Great Northern Chemical Company, was inter- ested in the old Citizens Brg. Co., is a member of the Northern Hemlock Hardwood Association, has served on the Antigo Police and Fire Commission, member of the Park and Cemetery Boards, has logged extens- L. P. TRADEW^ELL A promiiu-nt hnnberman and manufacturer, who has been a resident of Antigo since 11)03. Mr. Tradewell takes an active part in the civic welfare of the city and frequently is called upon to serve the city m various public capacities. He is president of the Faust Lumber Company. the end of the war. Dr. Murphy was promoted suc- cessively from First Lieutenant to Captain and then to Major. He was honorably discharged from service May 24, 1919. Dr. Murphy was married to Marie Cummings, of Chicago, 111., August 13, 1905. He is a member of the American, Wisconsin and Langlade County Medical Associations. Fraternally he is af- filiated with the B. P. O. E., K. P., E. F. U., and Eagles orders. Dr. and Mrs. Murphy reside at 922 Clermont street, Antigo, Wis. ively, and is a member of Antigo Lodge No. 662, B. P. 0. E. Politically he is a Republican. RICHARD HEALY, SR., prominent pioneer citi- zen, was born in the town of Warren, Waushara Coun- ty, Wisconsin, September 24, 1853, the son of Eliza- beth and Michael Healy, natives of Ireland. He at- tended the rural schools of Waushara County during the winter months. Until he attained the age of 310 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. seventeen he aided his father on the farm, plowing with a yoke of oxen in that time. He walked to Wausau, Wisconsin, when seventeen to become en- gaged in the lumber industry. The trip took four days and can now be made in five hours with a motor car. He worked successively for Lawrence & Peters of Wausau, Wis., in the woods and on the Wisconsin river. Rafts of lumber were then floated down the Mississippi to St. Louis. Mr. Healy made many of these picturesque journeys. Leaving the employ of Lawrence & Peters he began work with Manson & St. Austin, and was five years with that concern. He then spent two years with Alexander & Stewart. Mr. Healy came to Langlade County in 1877 and home- steaded in Antigo township on section 26. In 1886 he moved his family from Wausau to Antigo township and lived on the old homestead until 1894. He then moved to section 28, Antigo township, where he re- sided from 1894-97, moving into the city of Antigo that year. Mr. Healy has engaged in the wholesale and retail ice business in Antigo since 1897. He was married to Angelina Kanauf, of Marathon City, Mara- thon County, in June, 1878. Eight children, now liv- ing, are J. J. Healy, Electrical Engineer and Chiro- practor; Richard, Jr., Electrical Supply dealer; Mich- ael, ice dealer; Elizabeth, Supervisor Langlade Coun- ty rural schools; Margaret, Instructor in Vocational Schools of Antigo; Mary, now Mrs. Hugh Bryne, Jr., of Antigo, Wis.; Daniel, Marquette University stu- dent, and Edward, of Glendive, Montana. Mr. Healy is a member of the Catholic Foresters, B. P. 0. E., K. of C, Beavers and Eagles lodges. He has served for many years as Alderman, Supervisor, Chairman of the Road and Bridge Committee of Langlade Coun- ty, member of the city Board of Education and has acted in many other public capacities. Mrs. Richard Healy, Sr. passed away April 22, 1918. She is buried in the Catholic cemetery, Antigo, Wis. The Healy family reside at 322 Fifth avenue. FRANCIS XAVIER KIELCZEWSKI, deceased, was a prominent settler in Langlade township. He was born in Posen, Poland, in the year 1843. He went to Paris, France, when a young man and there received his military and vocational training. He later served in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. In 1872 Mr. Kielczewski imigrated to the United States landing at New York harbor. He located in Baltimore, Md. the same year where he was united in marriage to Tressa Orphia Derhoska. To this union ten children were born, seven of whom reside in Langlade County, two are in Ontario, Canada, and one resides in Fond du Lac, Wis. In 1876 the family moved to Green Bay, Brown County, Wisconsin, where they resided for many years. After residing two years in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, to which place they had moved from Green Bay, the family returned to Green Bay from where they later moved to Chicago, 111. In 1886 they moved to Langlade County, taking up an eighty acres of land a mile and a half from Nine Mile Creek, now called Hollister. Mr. Kielczewski served with distinction on the Langlade township Board as Supervisor, Treasurer and Assessor and on the Hollister District School Board as Treasurer and Clerk for successive terms. Mr. Kielczewski was a substantial settler and holds an enviable place among those hardy pioneers who came into the eastern part of the county in an early day. He passed away May 1, 1904. His remains were buried in the Catholic Cemetery at Antigo, Wis. The surviving children are : Ray, George, Sigmund and Anna, now Mrs. Anna Walch, all of Antigo, Wis.; Anton, John and Leon, of Elton township, Langlade County; Mrs. Charles (Barbara) Zynda, of Fond du Lac, Wis., and Frank and Fred, of Ontario, Canada. HERMAN C. HAFEMEISTER, a well known farm- er of Antigo township, was born May 13, 1887, in Washington County, Wisconsin, the son of Christine and Herman Hafemeister. He attended the rural schools after which he began farming. He came to Langlade County March 15, 1912. One year later, May 10, 1913, he was married to Cora A. Voss, a daughter of Sophia and Charles Voss, pioneer Lang- lade County residents. To this union one child, Arno, age seven, has been born. Mr. Hafemeister has a farm of 160 acres of land located in Section 16, Town- ship 31, Range 11 E. The soil is the Merrimac Silt Loam, highly productive. Mr. Hafemeister and fam- ily are adherents of the Lutheran faith. While a young man Mr. Hafemeister has made excellent pro- gress in his chosen work. His fine farm, situated near Springbrook on Highway No. 64, with its splen- did barns and equipment, is a fitting example of the progressive type of citizenship of which Langlade County can boast. FRED G. VAN DER WEIDE, Auctioneer and Automobile Salesman, was born in Holland, March 16, 1886, the son of Annie and Gabe Van Der Weide. He lived in Holland until six years of age and then imigrated with his parents to the United States, set- tling in Chicago, 111. When ten years old he moved with his parents to McHenry County, Illinois, where he attended the public schools and farmed until he attained the age of nineteen. Mr. Van Der Weide at- tended school in Holland before coming to America and spent some time in Chicago schools when a lad. In 1905 the Van Der Weide family moved to Plover township, Marathon County, Wis. Mr. Van Der Weide held his first Wisconsin auction in that town- ship. He came to Antigo, Wis., in September, 1919. Since 1913 he has been engaged as an automobile salesman, first with the Marathon Motor Car Co. and then as a Buick representative. October 16, 1912, he was married to Erma Jonen, of Norrie township, Mar- athon County, Wis., to which union two children, Erma, age 8, and F'rederick, age 5, have been bom. Mr. Van Der Weide and family reside at 610 Second avenue in the city of Antigo. He has an enviable reputation as an able auctioneer and salesman in this section of Wisconsin. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 311 ANTON MOLLE was born March 29, 1870, at Mani- towoc, Manitowoc County, son of Charles and Johanna MoUe. Moved with parents to Kewaunee at age of eight where he settled on farm three and one-half miles out of Kewaunee in West township. The Molle home- stead is still there. He attended the public schools. Started in jewelry business at Two Rivers in 1892. In 1894 he came to Antigo, entered patrnership with Frank Braun. Four years later he took over the entire busi- ness, then located where news stand is today. In May, 1904, erected Molle building on Fifth avenue, and in September, 1904, moved into present quarters. Anton Molle married Miss Louisa Hallauer, October 21, 1895. He is a member of the Antigo Lodge B. P. O. E., M. W. A., and F. R. A., and an active booster and member of the Antigo Gun & Game Club, which he aided in organizing. He has six employes, two watchmakers, bookkeeper, victrola expert, clerk. He is a member of the Association of Commerce, was an active mem- ber of the old Commercial Club and is a leader for progress in Antigo and Langlade County. HARVEY E. HANSON, prominent theatre owner, was born in Appleton, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, June 16, 1883, the son of Peter J. and Christina Han- son. He attended the Neenah public schools and the Neenah High School, from which he graduated in 1902. Mr. Hanson then became associated with his father in the building and contracting business in Neenah, and followed this field of endeavor until 1908. He then moved to Antigo, Wisconsin, and started in the theatre business, opening his first motion picture theatre in the C. B. McDonald building on Fifth ave- nue. He has since erected two modern two-story business blocks in the heart of Antigo's commercial district, one of which is used by the F. W. Woolworth Company and the other is known as The Palace Theatre. Thus in an unpretentious way, by removing from the business district old landmarks and frame structures, the subject of this sketch has materially aided in the progress of the community. Mr. Hanson was united in marriage January 16, 1909, to Miss Tehkla Rex, of Merrill, Lincoln County, Wisconsin. The Hansons make their home in the Woolworth (Hanson) building. Fraternally, the subject of this sketch is affiliated with the Masonic orders of Antigo, is a member of Antigo Lodge No. 662 B. P. O. E., Antigo Lodge No. 470 Loyal Order of Moose and of Charter Oak Lodge, Knights of Pythias. As a man who has the interests of the community at heart Mr. Hanson lends his worthy support to those things that go for a better and more progressive city. E. S. TRADEWELL. Among the citizens of Lang- lade County who have aided materially in the devel- opment of its unsurpassed resources none other stands out more conspicuous than E. S. Tradewell, member of the well known firm of Morse & Tradewell. E. S. Tradewell was born on a farm in Racine Coun- ty, Wisconsin, on November 28, 1876, the son of Mr. and Mrs. William Tradewell. He attended the com- mon schools of Racine County and then entered the Ra- cine High School, from which he graduated in 1896. He then taught school for a time, later entering the Law Department of the University of Wisconsin, from which he graduated. He was admitted to practice law in Wisconsin in 1900. Mr. Tradewell came to Langlade County in 1900 where he has since been engaged in business, extens- ively in logging, lumbering and farming. He was united in marriage to Mary E. Humphrey, the daugh- ter of Mr. and Mrs. H. C. Humphrey, pioneer Antigo residents, on August 6, 1906. H. C. Humphrey was the second banker to establish himself in Langlade County. Mr. and Mrs. Tradewell have five children, namely, William, age 15; Dorothy, age 13; Margaret, age 11; Jean, age 7; Thomas age 5. The Tradewell residence is at the intersection of Clermont street and Willard avenue. Mr. Tradewell has always had a general interest in politics in Langlade County and has been especial- ly interested in the advancement of the county's re- sources. He is one of those substantial citizens, who, because of their keen interest in public and economic questions, has gained for him a place of prominence in the community. He is not an office holder and does not and has never sought public office. The Tradewell family attend the Congregational church. ALOIS T. AULIK. Presenting as it does an excel- lent example of youthful integrity, industry and res- pect as a worthy citizen and a man of character is the life of Alois T. Aulik. Mr. Aulik has been the archi- tect of his own success. The subject of this sketch was born March 3, 1884, and is a son of Anton and Dora (Halada) Aulik. Until he grew to manhood he resided in the town of Carlton, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, his birth place. Here he attended the rural public schools and assisted his father and others in agricultural employment. This work taught the young man to be industrious and self-reliant and Mr. Aulik profited by these experiences in his later life. In December, 1905, he moved to Antigo, Langlade County, and was engaged as a cook in the lumber camps, after which he was a car inspector for the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Company for five years. This work he gave up to take over the busi- ness of Anton Kraus at 828 Fifth avenue in August, 1921, which he has since successfully conducted. Mr. Aulik was united in marriage to Mary Randel, of Antigo, Wis., September 2, 1910, and they have three children — Joseph, Elizabeth and Dorothy. Mr. Aulik takes great pleasure in spending his time away from business with his family. He is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose, the Knights of Columbus, the Z. C. B. J. order, the B. A. R. E. and the B. R. C. of A. The latter are railroad organizations. The Aulik fam- ily attend St. Mary's Catholic church. Their resi- dence is at 1444 Minola street. In 1920 Mr. Aulik was called upon by a group of <^ 312 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. business men, farmers and laborers to be a candidate for Clerk of Court of Langlade County. Mr. Aulik reluctantly accepted this call and made an excellent run, polling over three thousand votes. This alone was a splendid testimonial as to his high standing in the community. Politically he is allied with the Pro- gressive Republican party. & Undertaking Co. Since then, 1904, the firm has been known as McCandless & Zobel. Mr. McCandless was married July 1, 1896, to Miss Emeline Trettien. Two children were born, Vivian, a graduate of Law- rence College, and U. S. Navy radio man in World War, and Earl, now a High School student. Mr. Mc- Candless is a member of the A. F. & A. M., L 0. 0. F., EDWARD W. McCANDLESS. pioneer merchant, was born September 11, 1870, at Guelph, Ontario, Canada, the son of Jane Chipchase and Henry Mc- Candless. When nine months old his mother, a native of England, died. With his father he moved to Menasha, Wisconsin. Hei.ry McCandless then mar- ried Jane Bailey, of Georgetown, Or.tario. When Edward had attained the age of eight years the Mc- Candless family braved the perils of the new north of Wisconsin and moved to what later became Norwood HEXRV .McC.\XDLESS None but t!u' pioneer can vividly recall the discomforts and hardships of the early settlers. Henry McCandless came to Norwood township in 1878, when all of the Upiier Wisconsin conntry was a dense wilderness. township, homesteading on section 8, township 30, Range 12 East, in 1878. The journey required lour days. Stops were made at log cabins of homesteaders on the lonely route, one night at the Tibbetts home and again with the Hutchins family. Edward Mc- Candless attended the first five months' school term in the log structure then belonging to John McCand- less. Leaving the farm he took up masonry and after seven years at that trade was employed by E. S. Ray- worth and Krom & Wolpert, clothing merchants. Four years passed and he then purchased the interest of G. 0. Palmiter in the Palmiter & Zobel Furniture EDWARD AIcCAXDLESS Member of tlic McCandless & Zobel Furniture & Under- taling Company, who has been a resident of Langlade Countv for ncarlv a half of a centurv. E. F. U., and F. R. A., a member of the Advisory Board of Antigo, was member of Board of Education 1908-12, active in all war drives, a member of Home Guards. He was once 1st Vice President of the An- tigo Tractor Corporation. The McCandless family re- side at 220 Sixth avenue. ANTON MARTIN TOLLEFSON. One of the early hardware dealers in Antigo was the late Anton Martin Tollefson, who was born in the city of Mani- towoc, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, on December 25, 1863, the son of Mary (Rude) and Iver Tollefson. He attended the city schools of Manitowoc, after which he started in as a youth in the mercantile business, which he followed during his life. He came to An- tigo in 1880, when Antigo was but a little hamlet in the woods, and was employed by a Mr. Koehler, then operating a general store. He stayed here until 1884 then moving to Wakefield, Michigan, to engage in the hardware business, in which he was successful. In 1887 he sold out at Wakefield and returned to Antigo, becoming an associate with H. A. Kohl, the firm being known as Kohl & Tollefson. When he first came to Antigo he was with Milton Bacon in the grocery busi- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 313 ness, and was for a while associated with Kohl and Leykom in the hardware business. He was united in marriage to Mary Erickson, a daughter of Eric Erickson, of Manitowoc County. To this union four boys were born as follows, Irvy, who died in infancy; Earl, Reuben and Leland, all of whom are deceased. Leland was killed in action while fighting for his country during the World War. An account of his death is found elsewhere in this history. Anton Martin Tollefson passed away in the prime of life on October 31, 1894, and is at rest in the An- tigo cemetery. He was a man well respected, an hon- est man in his dealings, a neighbor of high character and a citizen of the best type. His wife survives him and now resides at 624 Badger avenue, Antigo, Wis. EDWARD P. FAUST. A leading manufacturer who has made Antigo his headquarters for a number of years is Edward P. Faust, the son of Casper and Elizabeth Faust, well known Oshkosh citizens. Ed- ward P. Faust was born November 13, 1883, in Osh- kosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin. While a boy he attended school at Rhinelander, Oneida County, Wisconsin, and graduated from the Rhinelander High School. He then became a member of Co. L., Rhine- lander military unit. When still a young man he be- gan at the bottom of the ladder in the lumber busi- ness, which his father had followed. He started his lumbering career at Bundy, now known as Jeffries, Wisconsin. In the fall of 1912 he came to Antigo, Wisconsin, to assume the position of Manager and Secretary of the Faust Lumber Company, then the largest sawmill in Antigo. He was associated with the Faust Lumber Company until 1921, then becoming a lumber sales- man for the Charles W. Fish Lumber Company. Mr. Faust has his headquarters at Milwaukee, Wis. Edward P. Faust was united in marriage on Janu- ary 14, 1913, to Mary Thompson, of Black River Falls, Wisconsin. Three children have been born to this union, one of whom died in infancy. The other child- ren are, Edward, Jr., and Thomas. The Faust home is at 918 Arctic street, Antigo, Wisconsin. During the World War Mr. Faust was active in all war drives in the county. He was First Lieutenant of the Antigo Militia, or the Citizens' Training Camp; was an active member of the Antigo Militia League, was on various committees of importance, and assist- ed in the great homecoming of the 107th Trench Mor- tar Battery, Antigo's overseas military unit. WALTER VINCENT DORZESKI. Among the residents of Langlade County who witnessed the won- derful changes that have taken place during the past half century, and did their share in promoting the growth and development of the county, one of the best known was the late Walter Vincent Dorzeski. The subject of this sketch was born near Posen, Pol- and, in the year 1860, the son of John Dorzeski. When a youth he moved to America with his relatives. His mother died when Mr. Dorzeski was but a boy of nine years, and therefore a brother, residing in Posen, Pol- and, reared the boy to young manhood. Under his guidance and care the young lad attended the Posen schools. Coming to America he settled in Chicago, where he followed his trade of a custom tailor for many years. He was united in marriage to Jennie E. Moldrawski, a daughter of Ludwig Moldrawski, pio- neer settler in Langlade County. The marriage was performed in Chicago, July 10, 1883. Mr. and Mrs. Dorzeski lived first on the Moldrawski farm in Lang- lade township. Mr. Dorzeski later cultivated his own farm. The Moldrawski farm was located on section 7, township 32, range 14 east. The occupation of farming and logging he followed throughout his life, which was ended December 6, 1921. Mr. Dorzeski was in- jured in a wreck on the Wolf River branch, C. & N. W. railroad and never regained his health. He is buried beside the remains of his deceased son, Casimir at Lily, Wis. He is survived in life by his wife and Victor and Dr. Edwin, sons, in Chicago, 111., and Stanley and Walter, associated in the garage business in An- tigo. Edmund, another son, died at an early age. The Dorzeski family live at 513 Doersch street. The township of Langlade could find no better type of citizen than Mr. Dorzeski, who served as township Chairman, as Supervisor of Assessments, and for years on the school board as Treasurer. His life was without a blemish. His wide list of acquaintances held him in high esteem for his splendid traits of heart and mind. MAX A. GOEMAN was born October 14, 1894, son of Amelia and Fred Goeman, Rolling township. He attended the rural schools following which he took up agriculture on his father's farm. He then railroad- ed a short time but gave this up to attend the Milwau- kee Automobile School, from which he graduated. In September, 1919, he opened the Elgin Garage in An- tigo and later associated himself with his father in the Goeman Garage, Fourth avenue and Superior street. He was married September 21, 1921, to Miss Fern Robinson, of Chicago, 111. The Goeman residence is at 131 Fifth Avenue, Antigo, Wis. ANTON W. JICHA. Europe has provided Wis- consin with many leaders who have proven loyal and substantial citizens. Among such men who were pio- neer settlers in Langlade County was the late Anton W. Jicha. Mr. Jicha was born in Bohemia April 1, 1865. His parents were Julia and John Jicha. When a youth of eighteen years he longed for that day when he could come to America, the land of opportunity, and in 1883 landed in the United States. He went direct to Wausau, Marathon County, Wisconsin, from where he came to the city of Antigo a few months later. Mr. Jicha was united in marriage January 25, 1887, to Josephine Karel, a daughter of Joseph Karel, early Antigo settler. The ceremony was performed by Rev. Father Takken at St. John's church, Antigo, Wisconsin. From 1898 to 1900 he was associated t^ 314 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. with Louis Novotny and John Randall in the opera- tion of a saw mill in Neva township near Deerbrook, Wis. The mill burned. Mr. Jicha then moved to Antigo where he made his home up to his death on Oc- tober 14, 1914. He was laid to rest in the Antigo Catholic cemetery. He is survived by his wife; two sons, George and John, of Antigo, and two daughters. Rose, now Mrs. William Aulik, and Anna, now Mrs. Ed. Aulik, both of Antigo, Wis.. Mr. Jicha led a busy and useful life and when his death came the commun- ity lost one of its respected pioneer citizens. The conspicuous devotion to duty none stands higher in general esteem than Henry Hay, four times District Attorney, and a leading member of the bar of upper Wisconsin. Henry Hay, the third of four boys, was born in Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, the son of W. H. and Kate (Osborne) Hay. He studied at the Oshkosh Normal, which he finished in 1894. In the fall of 1894 he entered the University of Wis- consin and in 1898 graduated with the Bachelor of Letters degree. He then entered the University law school from which he graduated in 1899. He was ad- .\TTOR\EV HP:\RY llAY Senior nienil)er of tlio law firm of Hay & White, former Chairman of the War Legal Advisory Board, former president of the Antigo Mihtia League, was four times elected District .-Kltorney of Langlade County, finally declining to become a candidate for re-election. Jicha residence is at 403 Seventh avenue. Mr. Jicha was a member of St. Wencel's and St. Joseph's Benev- olent Societies and the Eagles lodge. George Jicha was a soldier in the World War. The family are members of St. Mary's church congrega- tion. HENRY HAY. Among the public spirited citizens of Langlade County, who have filled positions of res- ponsibility and trust because of marked ability and mitted to the bar in the fall of 1899. He then began the practice of law with E. J. Goodrick, the law firm becoming known as Goodrick & Hay. Arthur Good- rick, now Municipal Judge of Langlade County, had been in practice with his father previously but had given it up temporarily due to ill health. On February 10, 1900, Mr. Hay came to Antigo to make his home and has been engaged in the practice of law here since. He was elected District Attorney of Langlade County in 1904 and successively after HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 315 that until 1912, when he declined to again be a can- didate. He was previously twice City Attorney, in 1902-04. Attorney Hay was united in marriage on January 2, 1901, to Miss Alice Service, daughter of John R. and Janet R. Service, of Oshkosh, Wis. To this union three children, Helen, Janet and Marjorie, have been born. The Hay residence is at 1006 Clermont street. Mr. Hay has served in various public capacities. He was U. S. Court Commissioner for a number of years, served as chairman of the Legal Advisory Board during the World War, was active in all finan- cial drives in the county during the war, and was President of the Antigo Militia League. He is a member of the Wisconsin Bar Association, the Langlade County Bar Association, and is the senior member of the law firm of Hay & White, with offices in the Fidelity Bank Building. Fraternally he is a member of the Masonic orders and the Odd Fellows. HARRY W. JACKSON, Superintendent Antigo Water Department, was born at LaCrosse, Wisconsin, June 18, 1882, the son of Elizabeth and G. A. Jackson. When three years old he moved with his parents to Tomah, Monroe County. The family resided there two years, moving then to Kaukauna, where Mr. Jack- son spent his boyhood and youth. He attended the public schools and the Kaukauna High School. In 1898 he left High School to enter Armour Academy of Chicago, from which he graduated in 1900. He then entered Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, from which he was graduated as a Mechanical Engi- neer in 1904. Mr. Jackson then went to Wausau, Marathon County, Wisconsin, where he took charge of the Wausau Water Works as Superintendent, being Superintendent from 1907-11. He then moved to Antigo, organizing the Langlade Laundry Company with Frank G. Drews as an associate. This he was interested in from 1911-16, when the plant was sold to other parties. Mr. Jackson then accepted the Superintendency of the Antigo Water Department, which he has been in charge of since March, 1916. He was married to Antonette Ringle, daughter of Val. Ringle, of Wausau, November 25, 1910, to which union one child, which died in infancy, was born. The Jackson residence is at 912 Arctic street. Mr. Jack- son is a member of all Masonic orders, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the E. F. U., and F. R. A. H. W. Jackson is a son of the late well known loco- motive engineer, who was born September 26, 1857, at Tomah, Wis. G. A. Jackson was married to Eliza- beth Connor in 1879. He was in the locomotive ser- vice of the C. & N. W. railway for thirty-three years, all of which were spent, with the exception of one years, as an engineer. He had eight years' service with the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul railroad pre- viously. Mr. Jackson died September 5, 1919. His remains are interred at Tomah, his birthplace. He is survived by his wife of Antigo, Wis., one son, Harry W., of Antigo, Wis., and one daughter, Mrs. F. G. Drews, Antigo, Wis. The late Mr. Jackson was a member of the I. O. 0. F., the Masonic orders, and the B. of L. E. His death removed from service one of the oldest engineers of the Ashland Division, C. & N. W. railroad. GEORGE GRALL, a prominent deceased farmer of Rolling township, was born in Austria on August 15, 1854, the son of Theresa and George Grail. When eighteen months old he moved to the United States with his parents, settling on a farm at Francis Creek, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. Here he attended par- ochial school and assisted his father on the farm. He also engaged in carpenter work for a time. Mr. Grail was united in marriage to Barbara Thouser on July 2, 1880, to which union ten children were born as fol- lows: Barbara, now Mrs. Jos. Cejka, of Antigo, Wis.; Frank and Charles Grail of Rolling township, Lang- lade County, Wisconsin; George and John, of Milwau- kee; Anna, now Mrs. S. A. Klajbor, Joseph and Clar- ence, all of Antigo; Irene, deceased; William Grail, of Wausau, Wis. Mr. Grail came to Rolling township in 1882 when this territory was a vast wilderness. He engaged in agriculture on a forty acre farm which he lived to see developed into one of the best in the county. April 13, 1914, he moved into the city of Antigo, retiring from his years of farm work. It was his great enjoyment to see his sons carry on the work where he left off. Mr. Grail passed away at the age of 65 years and three months, November 15, 1919. He was laid to rest in the Antigo Catholic Cemetery. He was a member of the Catholic Foresters and the Modern Woodmen of America. Mrs. Grail is living at the Grail residence, 412 Edison street, Antigo, Wis. George Grail was a thrifty and substantial citizen who did his part in the upbuilding of a new country. ZACK T. BAGBY, JR., a prominent insurance agent, who has, by his square dealing and excellent person- ality, gained a host of friends in Langlade County, was born in the village of Gray, Ash County, North Carolina, on February 29, 1888, the son of Zack T. and R. E. (Mastin) Bagby. When a boy he spent his early school days at Gray from where he went to Trayer, Iowa, and for one year attended school. Mr. Bagby then went to Hartley, Iowa, and in 1915 grad- uated from the Hartley High School. He then went to Fulda, Minnesota, to become instructor in the Man- ual Training department in the Fulda High School, in which capacity he served from 1916-17. In the spring of 1917 Mr. Bagby came to Antigo and engaged in the life insurance business as a Dis- trict Agent for the well known firm of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. Mr. Bagby has been very successful in Antigo. April 5, 1916, he was married to Miss Mayme Robertson, of Alden, Minnes- ota. To this union three children were born, namely, Robert, age 4; Beth, age 3; Jene, age 1 — one boy and two girls. Fraternally Mr. Bagby is a member of the B. P. 0. E., the Moose, the Odd Fellows, and the Knights of Pythias. The family attends the Methodist Episcopal church. The Bagby residence is at 224 Hudson street. 316 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Mr. Bagby's father died in 1916 and is buried at Tran- son, N. C. His mother is a resident of Laurense, Iowa. FRED L. BERNER. In preparing a historical and biographical work, such as this publication is intend- ed to be, it is essential that specific mention be made of those who have been identified with the highest some and capable newspaper, one of the most efficient journals of northern Wisconsin. Fred L. Berner was bom in the town of Gibson, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, November 27, 1880, the son of Henry and Caroline Berner. He moved with his parents to Antigo in the spring of 1884, one year before the incorporation of Antigo as a city, and he has made this city his home ever since. FRHO L. BERXER Editor of the Antigo Daily journal. Secretary-Treasun-r of Berner Brothers Puhh'shing Company, has been a resident of .Antigo, with the exception of a few years, all of his life. He played an active part in the prosecution of the world war activities in Langlade County and takes a keen interest in all civic enterprises. and best interests of the community. It is therefore consistent with the spirit of this work that extended place be given to the life and activities of Fred L. Berner, Secretary-Treasurer of Berner Brothers Pub- lishing Company and editor of the Antigo Daily Journal, Langlade County's first and only daily publi- cation. In his capacity as an Editor he has given the best that was in him to the publication of a whole- The subject of this review attended the city schools and graduated from the Antigo High School with the class of 1898, following which he taught a rural school in the county for one year. Mr. Berner moved to Columbus, Wisconsin, in the fall of 1898 where he was associated with his brother, Henry Berner, in the publication of the Columbus Democrat, a weekly paper. He was editor of that HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 317 paper and at that time was the youngest editor in the state, having been only nineteen years of age when he entered upon that work. In the fall of 1901 he returned to Antigo, having dis- posed of the Columbus Democrat, and purchased the Antigo Journal, then a weekly publication. He has had editorial charge of that paper since, during which time it has developed into a twice-a-week paper, and in 1904 it was launched as a daily paper. Mr. Berner has always taken a keen interest in all public affairs and is a leader in all civic enterprises that tend to benefit the city and county. He was the first Secretary of the old Commercial Club, mentioned elsewhere, and became Vice President of the Associ- ation of Commerce, when the latter Antigo organization was perfected. During the World War he was Sec- retary of the Antigo Militia League, a member of the Langlade County Council of Defense, a member of the Executive Committee of the Red Cross, was Secretary of the Langlade County Liberty Loan Association and had complete charge of all publicity in that regard. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Antigo Lodge A. F. & A. M.; Antigo Chapter, R. A. M.; Antigo Coun- cil; R. & S. M.; Elks; Knights of Pythias; Moose; Beavers, and F. R. A. Mr. Berner was united in marriage to Margaret M. Edwards, of Oconto, on August 27, 1906, and their home is located at 1012 Superior street, Antigo. NICHOLAS BOLL. One of the pioneer families of Langlade County was that of Nicholas J. Boll, a native of Germany, who settled in the city of Antigo in 1885. No account of Langlade County's history would be complete without a sketch of this well known citizen, who passed away from this world on May 27, 1911, at the advanced age of eighty-two years. Nicholas Boll was born in Dumstadt, Germany. He spent the first sixteen years of his life in his native land, corning to America then with his mother, a broth- er and a sister. His father died in Germany when young Nicholas was but a small boy. Landing in New York the family soon became absorbed in the customs of their adopted country. June 17, 1885, Mr. Boll was united in marriage to Mary Rettinger, who had emigrated from Dumstadt when eleven years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Boll shortly afterwards moved to Ft. Atkinson, Wisconsin, and from there to Manitowoc County, settling at Clark's Mills in 1864. Here he en- gaged in the hotel business for about nineteen years and then moved to Antigo. He then took up a home- stead in Rolling township. While in Antigo he con- ducted a hotel and lived an honorable and useful life. He lived to see Antigo grow from a little hamlet to a thriving city of nearly ten thousand inhabitants. Ten children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Boll, as fol- lows: Barbara, now Mrs. Henry Heim, of Santa Rosa, California ; Anna, now Mrs. Anna Smith, of Norwood township; Mary, now Mrs. William Yentz, of the city of Antigo; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Thomas Schmitz, of the city of Antigo; Anthony, former Langlade County Sheriff, a resident of Antigo; Theresa, now Mrs. Anton Nowotny, the wife of the Clerk of the Circuit Court; Maggie, now Mrs. John Herman, of Antigo; Joseph Boll, a prominent lumberman of Antigo; Nicholas, Jr., deceased; Emma, now Mrs. R. A. Bloedorn, of Polar township. Mrs. Nicholas Boll, Sr., is living at 417 Hudson street. Nicholas Boll, Civil War veteran, as he was, from his first connections in the county, became deeply in- terested in all that was for the general betterment of the community. He was a member of the Catholic faith and lies at rest in the Catholic cemetery beside the remains of his son, Nicholas, Jr. With his death there passed from earth one of the real pioneers of the picturesque new north. E. J. BYRNE, prominent Antigo dairyman, was born in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, July 5, 1888, the son of Hugh and Margaret Byrne. He lived in that county for the first thirteen years of his life, attending rural school while there. In the year 1901 the Byrne family moved to Antigo, Langlade County, Wisconsin. Here Mr. Byrne engaged in the grocery business for seven years, following which he inaugurated the An- tigo Dairy, a model institution of its kind. With him in the conduct of the Antigo Dairy since 1915 has been Hugh Byrne, a brother. E. J. Byrne was united in marriage on June 15, 1914, to Mary Riley, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Riley, well known Antigo citizens. To this union one child, Robert, was born. Mr. Byrne is a member of Antigo Council No. 1002 Knights of Columbus, of which order he is a fourth degree member, and he is a member of the Fraternal Reserve Association. The Byrne residence is at 217 Lincoln street. The family attends St. John's Catho- lic church of Antigo, Wis. The Byrne family is one that has long enjoyed the friendship and high regard of the best people of the community which has been their home so many years and they are in every detail worthy of the respected place they occupy in popular esteem and confidence. WALTER L. ELLIOTT. Among the men of prom- inence over a quarter of a century ago, none were held in higher esteem than the late Walter L. Elliott, suc- cessful and energetic citizen, who passed away Janu- ary 2, 1904. The career of this active life should be an inspiration to any young man who has lofty ideals and ambition. Mr. Elliott was born on a farm in the town of Win- neconne, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, in 1868, the son of Thomas Elliott. He received but a limited education during his boyhood. Farm life did not sat- isfy his desire for accomplishing something definite in life. At an early age he became an engineer on a grain thresher. In 1887 he came to Antigo to take a position as an engineer for Herman Brothers, who then conducted a mill on the site of the Crocker Chair plant. A year later he accepted a position in the Antigo-Edison Electric Company, then managed by Lewis Lusk. In 1889 he went to Chicago after which 318 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. his rise was phenominal. He entered the employ of the National Electric and Construction Company and in four years was advanced to the position of Chief Engineer at a handsome salary. In 1896 he was made Consulting Engineer of that company. Mr. Elliott was also Superintendent of the Belvidere Street Rail- way. He returned to Antigo in October, 1897, and purchased the Antigo Electric plant, which he com- pletely reorganized. He was active in civic affairs in Antigo and was engaged in other commercial en- terprises, including the management of the Antigo Telephone Co. Walter L. Elliott was united in marriage to Bertha Albrecht in 1887. To this union four sons, Henry T., Walter P., George E., and Clarence M., were born. Mr. Elliott was a member of the Benevolent and Pro- tective Order of Elks. Few men in Langlade County stood higher in public confidence and esteem than he did. The electric industry in Antigo stands as a per- manent monument to his memory. ALDEN HERBERT MURTON. No record of the successful business men of Langlade County would be complete without a sketch of the career of Alden H. Murton, who has been a resident of this county for a number of years. Mr. Murton was born January 26, 1860, in the Town of Macomb, St. Lawrence County, New York state, the son of Martha (Walrath) and Thomas Murton. Until he reached twenty years he stayed on his father's farm, aiding him after he com- pleted the rural school course. He then moved to Weyauwega, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, and work- ed in the lumbering industry as a teamster. Between six and seven years passed and then Mr. Murton came to Langlade County, settling first at Antigo, and in the fall of 1890 he moved to Bryant, Price township, where he operated a store and engaged in a general lumbering business for two and a half years. It was at this time that the Bryant village fire occurred and Mr. Murton's was one of the most disastrous fires of the town. In 1894 Mr. Murton moved to New London, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, and for that time up to 1908 he was engaged there in the mercantile business, after which he went to Sugar Bush and for two years operated a business successfully. He then returned to Antigo, Langlade County, engaged successively in the scaling of lumber, logging, potato industry as a representative of the L. Starks Company and was for a few years in the mercantile business. April 1, 1922, he purchased the bakery of B. Finch at 603 Fifth avenue and is now conducting the same with an ex- cellent public patronage. Mr. Murton was married on November 7, 1885, to Sarah Davis, of St. Lawrence County, New York, to which union the following children were born: Earl, deceased, born at Weyauwega; Vera, born at Bryant, Price township, now Mrs. Oliver Weinandy, of Coch- ran, Wisconsin; Beatrice and Lila, both born in New London. Mr. Murton was a Supervisor and an Alder- man of the Second Ward, New London, while a resi- dent there. He has been a member of the Odd Fel- lows (North Star Lodge No. 104) of New London for over a quarter of a century. He is a member of the Congregational church. HENRY C. PLAUTZ, a man well known in Antigo and surrounding districts and one who has devoted himself assiduously to his business, was born May 13, 1865, in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, the son of Martin Plautz. When a year old he moved with his parents to Montpelier, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, where he lived until he reached the age of nineteen. What public school training he had he acquired at Montpelier. When nineteen Mr. Plautz started out into the world to meet the obstacles of life and fight them alone. July 5, 1884, he was united in marriage to Albertina Buss, of Kewaunee County. To this union five children were born : Herman and William, de- ceased; Henry, Jr., who, on March 19, 1919, was united in marriage to Miss Agnes Pohlman, of Antigo, and to which union two boys, Chester and Charles, and one daughter, Lorraine, were born; Edward, who on December 29, 1921, was united in holy bonds of mat- rimony to Miss Viola Kieren, of Gilbert, Minnesota, to which union one child, a son, was born; and Meta, a daughter, now Mrs. Henry Keanist, of Aberdeen, South Dakota. Henry Plautz is a member of the Modern Woodmen of America. He has resided in Sheboygan Falls, Clark County, and elsewhere before coming to Antigo to make his home on April 13, 1902. Mr. Plautz has followed the occupation of a millwright and a filer, and since 1913 has been engaged in the furniture bus- iness, as is his son, Henry, Jr. Mr. Plautz has three- fourths of an acre of Golden Seal and Ginseng in a model garden located on South Superior street. Anti- go, Wis. In the cultivation of these roots he is highly interested. The Plautz residence is at 703 South Superior street. The family is held in high esteem by a wide circle of acquaintances. HENRY BERNER, SR., one of the pioneer resi- dents of the city of Antigo, was born in Germany, February 29, 1829. He left Germany at the time of the exodus of the "Forty-eighters", but went to Can- ada, where he spent a year and then came to the United States, settling in the town of Gibson, Manito- woc County, where he conducted a shoe shop. It was while living there that he married Miss Caroline Zan- der, and to which couple seven children were born, Louis, William, Mrs. Otto Klessig, Miss Mary, and Henry, Fred and Otto. In the spring of 1884 the family moved to Antigo, where Mr. Berner had purchased a general store. The building has since been removed, it being located just south of the city hall. Shortly after getting lo- cated here Mr. Berner also purchased a tract of land, which was then a solid wilderness and considered far from the city. It is now the south-east portion of the city, mostly covered with homes. Mr. Berner was also the pioneer German newspaper HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 319 publisher of the city, having started "Die Pioneer" in the year 1885, with a Mr. Groser as editor. It was published here for less than two years, and then moved to Shawano, as the town was too small to support the publication, and it is still being published, although the name has been changed several times since then. It was about the year 1893 when he sold out his store and spent the remaining years of his life on the farm, which shortly after became a part of the city. He died December 25, 1893. years old. He was united in marriage to Amelia Schumann, of Grant township, Shawano County, on August 27, 1879. That fall, October 1, 1879, the Parsons family settled on a homestead near Polar, Langlade County. March 1, 1880, John W. Parsons and his young wife moved to Polar township. To this union the following children were born : Her- man W., April 17, 1880; Ella, 1882; William, 1884; Clara, March 11, 1888; Edward, December 24, 1890; George, October 10, 1893. JUDGE J. \V. P.\R.SOXS Who has served as Judge of Langlade County longer than the combined terms of his predecessors. Judge Parsons, who came to Langlade County in 1S8(). is the CJrand Commander of the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity. HON. JOHN W. PARSONS, for many years, and yet, a prominent Langlade County personage, was born on February 11, 1861, in the town of Wilson, Niagara County, New York, the son of Johanna and Charles E. Parsons. When three years old he moved with his parents to the state of Michigan, settling near Ludington, where the Parsons resided for seven years. The family then moved to Wisconsin making their home at Greenville. In 1872 they moved to the town of Lorrie, Waupaca County^ and there the future Langlade County jurist lived until he was eighteen January 23, 1886, the Parsons home was destroyed by fire and William, the third child, came to his death in the catastrophe. Edward Parsons passed away March 18, 1891. The other children are still living. Herman was married to Lizzie Dick, of Grant town- ship, Shawano County, and this union is blessed with four children, Arthur, Roy, Freida and Florence; Ella Parsons married John Techlien, of Norwood township, in 1906, and to that union four children, Elsie, Har- vey, Edna and Techlien were born; Clara married Patrolman John Utnehmer in 1904; their children 320 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. are Hattie, Walter, Oscar and Reuben. George W. Parsons, the youngest son, married Anna Krause in August, 1912, and they have one son, John Woodrow Parsons. Herman Parsons resides on the old Par- sons homestead in Polar township. The rest of the Parsons progeny reside in the city of Antigo. John W. Parsons became a leader among his fel- low men at once after he settled in Polar township. In 1882 he was elected Supervisor of Polar township and served two years in that capacity. He then serv- ed as Assessor for two years and then was promoted to township Chairman of Polar, serving in that posi- tion of trust for twelve years. He was Chairman of the County Board of Langlade County from 1895 to 1899 until he resigned to accept the office of Register of Deeds, to which he was elected. Two years of exceptional service in that office and Mr. Parsons found himself elected in the spring of 1891 to the office of County Judge. He qualified on January 1, 1892, and has been on the bench ever since. Judge Parsons and his father were two of the thirty-nine Antigo followers who went to Langlade and lay in ambush in the spring of 1881 before the polls closed and defeated the Wolf River pioneers by three votes on the question whether Langlade or An- tigo should be the county seat. Judge Parsons was first elected a Director of the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity in June, 1907. He served in that capacity fourteen years, until June 23, 1919, when he was elected, at a Grand Colony Con- vention at Racine to the office of Grand Commander and entered upon the duties of that office January 1, 1921, being elected for a term of four years. Judge Parsons is also a member of the Loyal Order of Moose, Knights of Pythias, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, I. 0. 0. F., Encampment branch of L 0. O. F., and also the Rebekah branch. His hobby is fraterralism and an opportunity to serve his fellow- man, which has been his inspiring motive in life since childhood. He occupies a position of prominence and prestige among the respected citizens of a county he has grown up with from his youth at a time when most of upper Wisconsin was a vast wilderness. DENNIS J. MURPHY, prominent railway conduct- or, was born June 10, 1869, at Footville, Wisconsin, the son of Ellen (Collins) and James Murphy. When a youth he attended rural schools and engaged in gen- eral farming on his father's farm. He began his railroad career as a brakeman at Baraboo, Wisconsin, in 1887. He was promoted to the rank of conductor when in the service of the Great Northern Railroad and making runs out of Superior, Wisconsin. He moved to Antigo township, Langlade County May 1, 1910, from Fond du Lac, Wis. Mr. Murphy was united in marriage to Margaret Gillespie, of Adams, Minnesota, on October 29, 1894. To this union the following children were born: Merrill, Pearl, Ella, Harold, Royden, Raymond, James, May, John, How- ard and Patricia. Merrill and Harold, sons, served in the World War as seamen in the United States Navy. Merrill enlisted January 3, 1918, and was hon- orably discharged October 14, 1919. Harold enlisted July 1, 1918, and served until his honorable discharge March 12 ,1919. The Murphy family attend St. Johns church, Antigo, Wis. D. J. Murphy, the subject of this sketch, is a mem- ber of the Knights of Coloumbus and the Order of Railway Conductors. The Murphy farm of 110 acres located on Highway No. 64, is within an easy dis- tance from Antigo. It is well equipped and intensely cultivated by Mr. Murphy and his sons. ERNEST E. SCHUBERT, former proprietor of Pal- ace Garage, was a new resident in Langlade County. He was born July 15, 1898, in Chicago, 111, the son of Anna and Charles Schubert. He attended the Chicago public schools and a private institution. He then en- gaged in the grocery business with his father for four years (1917-20) after which he became a salesman for the H. Piper Wholesale Bakery, Chicago, 111. He moved to Antigo, Wisconsin, February 1, 1921, and March 15, 1921 opened the Palace Garage with George Kernohan, Chicago, 111., as his associate. This association was dissolved after five months. Mr. Schubert then conducted the business alone until No- vember, 1921, when Donald E. Reed was taken into the business as a partner. The Palace Garage is located at 807 Superior street. Mr. Schubert was married July 30, 1919, to Anna Menze, Chicago, 111. One child, Robert, has been born to this union. The Schubert family resided at 1140 Seventh avenue. Mr. Schubert is a member of the Elks and Masonic orders. He believes that the tourist possibilities of upper Wisconsin are unlimited. Mr. Schubert is now a resi- dent of Chicago, 111. THOMAS E. FORD, ex-Sheriff and Farmer. Be- longing to a family which has resided in Langlade County since 1879 and has taken an important part in its advancement, Thomas E. Ford holds prestige as a worthy representative of his township's best citizenship. Mr. Ford was born October 8, 1877, the son of John and Mary Ford. He moved when two years old from his birthplace in Outagamie County, near Kaukauna, to Antigo township, Langlade County. Here he was reared to manhood. He attended the Boulder Hill district school after which he engaged in farming on his father's farm. John Ford passed away when his son was but fourteen years old, on April 15, 1891. He is buried in the Antigo Catholic cemetery. Thomas Ford was married to Maud Goodwin, a daughter of John Goodwin, who was one of the first citizens of Antigo, having erected one of the first frame houses in the city. The marriage took place October 31, 1903. Four children have been born to this union as follows: John and Edward, lone and Mae. Mr. Ford has found time to engage in public service as well as efficiently managing his 160 acre tract located on section 35, Antigo township. In 1915- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 321 16 he served as Sheriff of Langlade County and was one of the best officers ever in that capacity. He is a member of the Beavers, Knights of Columbus, Elks, Foresters, E. F. U., and Blinn Camp No. 7, Sons of Veterans. Mr. Ford has been honored by his fellow township citizens with township Chairman, Assessor, Supervisor, and school district director's offices fre- quently. The Ford family attend St. John's church, Antigo, Wis. Thomas Ford has lived from a boy to manhood in Langlade County watching it grow from a wilderness to a progressive region with nearly twenty- five thousand inhabitants. GEORGE OSCAR PALMITER, son of Abner Pal- miter and Mary Palmiter, was born in Sheboygan County, near Sheboygan, on February 23rd, 1852. He obtained his education at the country schools of Mishicott and Plymouth. At twelve years of age he worked in a lath mill all summer for fifty cents a day. He then worked on a farm near Chilton Junction for nearly two years. When seventeen years old he carried mail from Mishi- G. O. PALjMITER Present City Clerk and City Commissioner, who came to Antigo in 1883. He was the first chief of the Antigo Paid Fire Department. cott to Anapee (now Algoma) going one day and re- turning the next, making one trip from Algoma to Casco and two trips from Casco to Algoma during the week. In 1880 he was married to Mary Brodhead. To them was born one daughter, Maud, who is now liv- ing in Kansas City, Missouri. He came to Antigo, April 15, 1885, and purchased the residence on the corner of Edison street and Eighth avenue, where he has since resided. On November 9th, 1890, he was married to Mrs. Dealvi H. Beard, who passed away May 11th, 1920. He was Alderman of the Fifth Ward from 1894 to 1895, and Supervisor from 1896 to 1898, and finished out the term of George Drake as Alderman from Aug- ust, 1905, to April, 1906. From the time he came to Antigo until the estab- lishment of a paid Fire Department he was a member of the Volunteer Fire Department, and after the in- stallation of the paid department he was driver of the team six months and Chief of the Department for two years. In 1906 he ran for the office of City Clerk and was elected by a unanimous count of 764 votes and has held the office ever since. When the city took up commission form of govern- ment in 1914 he was elected one of the Commissioners and was appointed a member of the Board of Educa- tion, which offices he is still filling. He is a member of the I. O. 0. F., Maccabees, Beavers, Eagles and E. F. U. Lodges. E. S. KOEPENICK, deceased. The pioneers of this great section of Wisconsin were those who blazed the way to civilization and made a vast wilderness bloom and blossom like a rose. E. S. Koepenick, the subject of this sketch, aided materially in the build- ing of the great commonwealth of Langlade County. Mr. Koepenick was born in 1852 at Luxumberg, Ger- many, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Albert Koepenick. When seventeen years old he came to the United State (1869) where he lived a successful and honored life. Mr. Koepenick came to Langlade County in 1880, settling at Summit Lake, Upham township. Here he became a leader among the pioneers. He was the second postmaster of that village. In 1892 he moved to section 18, East Upham township, and opened a store. The community was granted a postoffice and was named Koepenick in his honor. Mr. Koepenick was the first postmaster. He lived at this settlement until his death October 27, 1914. He was buried in Antigo, Wis. He is survived by his wife, nee Mary Scanlon, whom he married July 20, 1879, and five children, as follows, Edward, creamery manager at Cloverdale, 111.; Alfred, locomotive engineer, Milwau- kee, Wis.; Auriel, a World War veteran, who is in business in Koepenick, Wis.; Emily, now Mrs. B. L. Prior, Detroit, and Alice Koepenick. Mr. Koepenick was honored with several township offices including that of Chairman for many years. His name has been firmly placed in the history of Langlade County through his deeds and his life. J. H. HOWE, Proprietor of Howe Creamery, was born at Decorah, Iowa, Feb. 3, 1877, the son of Jennie and Elmer E. Howe. When a youth he moved to Elgin, Illinois, with his parents. Shortly afterwards they moved to Madison, Dane County, Wisconsin. Here he stayed until he reached eighteen years. Mr. Howe began the study of cheese making in 1899 and attended the University of Wisconsin dairy school in 1900. He located at Loyal, Wisconsin, thence to Spring Green, Wisconsin, and thence to Clark County, Wisconsin, from where he came to Langlade County, November 2, 1908. Mr. Howe conducted the Howe 322 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. creamery in Antigo township until 1921 when he moved into Antigo. He is associated in the creamery business with his son-in-law, 0. W. Johnson. The plant, which since May, 1922, has had an ice cream plant in connection, is located at 509 Superior street. In January, 1900, he married Evelyn A. Foulkes, of Barneveld, Wisconsin. To this union three children, Bernice, Florence and Meda, have been born. The secure status of Attorney Whiting, who is known for his excellent professional attainments and his marked civic loyalty and public spirit. He was born on a farm in Murray County, Minnesota, the son of Aura and W. S. Whiting, March 8, 1885. When two years old he moved with his parents to Balaton, Lyon Coun- ty, Minnesota. He attended the rural schools of Lyon County and when a youth entered Carlton Academy, ATTORXEV .AMI X. WHITIXG Olio of the leading members of the Langlade Comity bar, who has been twice chosen District .\ttorney. first in 1018 and again in 1922. Attorney Whiting is a married man and resides at 12:!? Superior Street, .\ntigo. Howe family reside at 317 Fifth avenue. Fraternally the subject of this sketch is allied with the L. O. 0. M., and M. W. A. He is also connected with the State Grange and the Langlade County subordinate granges. AMI N. WHITING, Present District Attorney. Definite success and prestige as one of the younger members of the bar of Langlade County indicates the a department of Carleton College, Northfield, Minne- sota. In the fall of 1907 he left Carleton College to enter the University of Minnesota law department. A year later he went to South Dakota where he became stenographer and law clerk in the office of the late Justice Charles S. Whiting, of the South Dakota Su- preme Court. Mr. Whiting studied law with Justice Whiting until the fall of 1910. He then entered the HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 323 University of South Dakota at Vermillion, S. D., from which he graduated in law in 1911. He began prac- ticing at Sioux Falls, South Dakota, with Attorney Charles Bates, as his associate. Attorney Whiting came to Antigo, Langlade County, September 15, 1914, after having practiced at De Smet, S. D. alone for a while. He was associated with H. F. Morson in the practice of law until December, 1916, when the firm of Whiting & Dempsey (Ami N. Whiting and Ray- mond C. Dempsey) took over the entire practice of the firm of Morson & Whiting. Whiting & Dempsey have offices in the Hill building, Antigo, Wis. Attorney Whiting was married to Beatrice Hale, of Spring Valley, Minnesota, July 23, 1919, and they have two children, William and James. Mr. Whiting served in 1919-20 as District Attorney of Langlade County. Politically he is a Republican. Fraternal- ly he is associated with the Masonic order. Elks, of which he is a former Exalted Ruler, and the Modern Woodmen of America. The Whiting residence is at 1237 Superior street, Antigo, Wisconsin. - JOHN J. HANOUSEK, JR., Hotel Proprietor, was born November 25, 1895, at Ramsey, Michigan, the son of Katherine and John Hanousek. He lived at Ramsey, Gogebic County, Michigan, until he reached the age of seventeen years. Here he attended the public schools after which he entered Pio Nono Col- lege, St. Francis, Wis., from which he graduated in 1917. Mr. Hanousek then entered the College of Ag- riculture of the University of Wisconsin and gradu- ated from that institution in 1921. He was elected a member of the Farm House fraternity. College of Ag- riculture students' fraternity, in 1921. This frater- nity had just then been organized. He then came to Antigo. February 28, 1922, he was married to Emma M. Mattek, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Mattek, Neva township settlers. July 1, 1922, he took over active management of the Hotel Hanousek in Antigo. Mr. Hanousek is a member of the Antigo Lodge No. 662 B. P. 0. E.. When a youth he was engaged suc- cessively as a miner, logger and on road construction work in Gogebic and vicinity. WILLIAM HENRY BROWN, retired railway con- ductor, was born near Mauston, Juneau County, Wis- consin, August 14, 1856, the son of Hanna and Edward Brown. When seven years old he moved with his parents to Ripon, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. He attended the public schools of Ripon during the winter months. Leaving High School Mr. Brown worked on a farm and in the woods until he started his railroad career as a brakeman with the old Mil- waukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad April 17, 1879. His first run was from Oshkosh to Norrie, then the end of the track. In 1882 he was promoted to the rank of railway conductor, serving with the M., L. S. & W. R. R. Co until it was purchased by the C. & N. W. R. R. Co. in 1893. He was with the lat- ter company until 1918, when he retired from service after thirty-nine years. Mr. Brown married Meda Hickey, of New London, Wis., on November 22, 1890. Two children, Dr. William H., of Laona, Wis., and George, of Minneapolis, Minn., were born to this union. W. H. Brown first came to Antigo in November, 1881, when the first passenger train pulled into the village. He was then a brakeman. Antigo then had a box car for a depot, and a strip of forest blocked the sight of Teipner's log stopping place. Fifth ave- nue was just a path through the woods, and there were but a few log cabins, including Niels Anderson's store, and F. A. Deleglise's place. Mr. Brown per- manently located in Antigo in 1900. He was active in all Liberty Loan, Victory Fund, and other war drives, was a member of the Committee on the Wel- fare of the Soldiers and their Dependants, aided in the establishment of the Antigo Soldiers and Sailors Club Rooms, was a committeeman selected to meet the 107th T. M. B. at Camp Dix, N. J., and actively aided in other war activities. His two sons served, Dr. W. H. with an Ohio Medical unit, and George with the 107th Trench Mortar Battery. He is fra- ternally affiliated with the Knights of Columbus, B. P. 0. E. and M. W. A. He was once Treasurer of Antigo Council No. 1002, K. of C. The Brown resi- dence is at 1004 Superior street. WENZEL NEUBURGER, Shoe Merchant, was ■^born in Furstenhut, Bohemia, January 8, 1880, the son of Marie and William Neuburger. He lived in Bo- hemia until twenty-two years old, when he came to the U. S., settling at Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wis. He lived there for fifteen years following the trade of shoemaker, which he learned when a lad, before leaving Bohemia. From Oshkosh he moved to Beloit and after six months' residence there located in Antigo, Wis., in July, 1919. In January, 1921, he purchased the property owned by Harry Cash and has since conducted the Antigo Shoe Hospital in that lo- cation, 527 Superior street. Mr. Neuburger married Frieda Mondl, of Oshkosh, Wis., August 4, 1909. To this union two children, Bernice and Mildred, were born. The Neuburger family reside at 412 Second avenue. Mr. Neuburger's parents are still living, in Bohemia. Fraternally Mr. Neuburger is affiliated with the Loyal Order of Moose. ^ FRANK J. KOUTNIK, Merchant, was born in Deer- brook, Neva township, the son of Agnes and Jacob Koutnik, January 1, 1892. He attended the Deer- brook graded schools and the Antigo High School, from which he graduated in 1912. He then entered the Antigo Business College, from which he graduated in 1914. He was employed as a bookkeeper in the State Bank of Morton County, Mandan, N. D., from 1914-17. With war excitement high Mr. Koutnik en- listed in the U. S. Marines, May 21, 1917, and was overseas twenty months. He was in the 6th Regi- ment, 2nd Division, U. S. M. He received his hon- 324 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. orable discharge from service August 13, 1919. Re- turning to Langlade County he purchased the N. D. Neilson grocery, November 15, 1921. This business is located at 631 Fifth avenue and has since been known as Koutnik's grocery. Mr. Koutnik's parents have a splendid farm in Neva township. JOHN J. CHERF, retired farmer, was born in Reeds- vllle, Wisconsin, July 16, 1859, the son of Barbara and Joseph Cherf. He spent his boyhood and youth in Reedsville. June 6, 1880, the Cherf family decid- ed to move to the wilderness of Langlade County. They took the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad as far as Wausau and then "toted" their household goods and provisions from there via Ho- garty's stopping place to Neva township. Mr. Cherf followed the three wagon loads of family property afoot. His work was to drive the cattle, swine and sheep. The family arrived in this county June 10, 1880, the trip taking four days. Mr. Cherf married Katherine Karban, May 12, 1886. To this union five children were born. They are: Mary, now Mrs. George Manthey; Emil, city letter carrier, former ex-service man, who served in the areo construction service, from which he was honorably discharged on December 13, 1919, and a member of the American Legion; Frank, a Priest, now Professor at St. Procopius College, Lisle, 111.; Albert, deceased; John, an expert electrician. Mr. and Mrs. Cherf moved to Antigo March 10, 1914, having re- tired from the Neva farm. The family residence is at 1118 Third avenue. Mr. Cherf is a member of St. John's Catholic church. Mr. Cherf can recall many reminiscences of pioneer life in Langlade County. OTTO RICHTER, Shoe Merchant, was born May 6, 1855, in Kamen, Pomerau, Germany, son of Marie and David Richter. He attended the Kamen schools, staying in Germany until he was twenty-six years old. July 7; 1881, he landed in America and proceeded to Forest Junction, Wisconsin. Here Mr. and Mrs. Richter resided until October 18, 1888, when they moved to Antigo, Wisconsin. Mr. Richter has en- gaged in the retail shoe business in Antigo since then. He was married September 10, 1880, to Augus- ta Kash. The ceremony was performed in Demen, Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Richter are the parents of seven children: Daniel J., a Milwaukee, Wis., mer- chant; Otto, a vaudeville actor; David, retail shoe merchant; Mrs. Fred Bohan, deceased daughter, who passed away at the age of 26; Mrs. Edwin Berg, and Miss Lydia Richter. Mr. Richter attends Zion Evan- gelical church. His residence is at 436 Lincoln street. DR. FRANK KONRAD VOSS, Veterinary Surgeon, was born October 29, 1880, the son of Sophia and Charles Voss. When two years old he moved with his parents to Antigo (1882). He attended the public schools of Antigo until 1893 when he moved with his parents on a farm in East Ackley. He worked on his father's farm and in the lumber camps until he was twenty-four years old. Young Voss then went out west, returning to Langlade County to begin the practice of veterinary medicine and surgery. He fol- lowed this profession from 1895 to 1907, temporar- ily. That year he permanently went into the work. Dr. Voss has practiced in Antigo since April 28, 1912. He now has his office at 1036 Fourth avenue, where he has a modern equipped veterinary hospital and DR. F. K. VOSS Pioneer Antigo Veterinary Surgeon, who has the distinc- tion of erecting the iirst modern Veterniary Hospital in Langlade County. home stable for practice. This is the first stable of its kind in upper Wisconsin. The building is a tile and stucco construction 36 x 60 feet. Dr. Voss was married to Belle Horton Strong, on March 1, 1916. His home is at 1042 Fourth avenue. He is a member of the Beavers and Moose lodges. He has been Humane Officer of Langlade County for many years. Sophia Voss, his mother, died when he was six years old, March 18, 1886. Charles Voss, his father, resides in Antigo township on the Herman Hafmeis- ter farm. Dr. Voss is interested in good horses, likes to hunt, fish and go boating. EDGAR MINER NEFF, was born at Lundon, Can- ada, April 5, 1851, where he spent his boyhood days and attended the common schools. When a young man he learned the blacksmith trade, then came to Green Bay, where he worked at his trade for a num- ber of years. In 1875 he married Miss Mary A. Day. Six child- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 325 ren were born. Charles H., who died in his twentieth year; George; Albert; Margaret, (now Mrs. A. D. Washburn, of Ironwood, Michigan); Mary, (Mrs. Charles J. Hanzel) ; and a daughter who died in in- fancy. Moved to Mill Center in 1877, continued the trade there. And in 1879 he moved on a homestead near Bryant; came through Shawano on the old Military Road to Langlade; then to Mueller's Lake. Stopped at Mr. Herman Mueller's on October 25, 1879; from Langlade to Mueller's Lake followed N. Anderson's blazed trail — no roads were built at that time. In 1881 he moved to Antigo, which was only a village at that time. He immediately started a shop here. His skill as a workman brought him trade from all parts of the county. He worked from early morning until late at night. By hard work and much self- denial he saved enough to buy a half interest in a sawmill with Matt Miller, of Green Bay, at the place now known as Neff Switch. Later on he purchased the interest of his partner. He then built a new mill, one of the largest this side of Oshkosh. Besides the mill, he built a store, a boarding house and a number of houses for workmen. He built a branch line to connect with the Chicago & Northwestern. He pros- pered in the mill business. He was installing new ma- chinery in the new mill when a fire, of unknown origin, destroyed the entire plant. After this loss he returned to Antigo and went into the mercantile business. Later on he again went into the blacksmith business. Mr. Neff had great faith in the future of Antigo and he invested largely in real estate and built a number of houses for rent. In 1913 he and Mr. T. J. Roberts built the Neff-Roberts Block on Fifth avenue. He served in the capacity of councilman for several years. Was also a member of the school board a number of years and he was on the building committee for the Antigo High School. Mr. Neff was a man of quiet, unassuming nature and had a large number of friends and acquaintances. His useful activities continued until a few years be- fore his death, when he retired to enjoy the fruits of his many years of labor. Mr. Neff died on August 22, 1921. With his passing Antigo lost one of her most loyal and respected cit- izens. CHARLES E. HOWARTH, Machinist, was born in the city of Springfield, Illinois, June 3, 1882, the son of Luella and Robert P. Howarth. When two months old he moved to Marshfield, Wisconsin, with his parents. Here he attended the public schools un- til he was nine years of age. He then moved with his parents to Chicago, where he completed his edu- cation. When he was seventeen years old he entered a machine shop as an apprentice. He has followed the machinist trade since and is an expert in his chosen field. He has been employed twelve years in Milwaukee, four years in Wausau, six years at An- tigo, and at other places. He came to Antigo Novem- ber 1, 1916. Mr. Howarth has his machine shop at 513 Edison street. He lives with his parents at 331 Hudson street, Antigo, Wis. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum and Fraternal Order of Eagles. He is a Congregationalist by faith. DR. ALFRED B. JORGENSEN, Veterinary Sur- geon, was born January 27, 1881, at Norway, Michi- gan, the son of Caroline and Rasmus Jorgensen. When eighteen months old he moved to the Town of New Denmark, near Green Bay, Wisconsin, with his par- ents. Here he lived until five years of age. He then moved with his parents to Iron River, Michigan, in 1888. He attended the public schools of Iron River. When twenty-one years old he left Iron River for Algoma, where he was engaged in the veterinary med- icine and surgery profession for thirteen years. He then came to Antigo, September 25, 1915, opened up veterinary offices in Antigo at 712 Superior street. Dr. Jorgensen is a graduate of the Ontario Veterinary College, Ontario, Canada. He graduated in 1908. The Jorgensen residence is at 216 Second avenue. Dr. Jorgensen is a member of the Knights of Pythias and Antigo Lodge No. 231 F. & A. M. He enjoys a lucrative practice in Langlade County and adjacent territory as well as being Chief Veterinary and Ser- geant in Battery "A," field artillery, Antigo's military unit. CLAUDE CLIFFORD, Orchestra Leader, was born January 28, 1888, son of Eva and Charles Clifford. He attended the public schools of Antigo, his birth- place, after which he engaged in various occupations. He became interested in music at an early age and is now an expert drummer. Mr. Clifford organized Clifford's Orchestra twenty years ago. He is married and has two children, Dorothy and Loretta. Mrs. Clifford was formerly Miss Mayme Weix, and the wedding was performed on November 19, 1908. The Clifford family reside at 130 Hudson street. Clifford's Orchestra, popular and well known, has the following members: Claud Clifford, leader and drummer; Frank Janasek, cornet; Esther Fehring, piano; Mrs. Ruby Kimball, trombone. The orchestra has played at many events of local importance. GEORGE W. SCHMITZ, Insurance Agent, was born February 22, 1890, the son of Elizabeth and Thomas Schmitz, early Antigo residents. He secured his edu- cation in the Antigo parochial schools and in 1908 graduated from the Antigo High School. He attended Culver Military Academy one year following his grad- uation. Mr. Schmitz then returned to Antigo where he entered the employ of the Antigo Daily Journal as Advertising Manager. Resigning this position he be- came manager of the Insurance Department of Morse & Tradewell from 1911-14. Since then he has been in business alone forming the George W. Schmitz Agency. At the outbreak of the World War Mr. Schmitz en- 326 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. tered the second reserve officers' training camp at Ft. Sheridan, August 27, 1917. He was commissioned a Second Lieutenant November 27, 1917. Lieutenant Schmitz was promoted to First Lieutenant in July, 1918. He served at Camp Dodge, Iowa, and Decem- ber 13, 1918, was honorably discharged. June 15, 1920, he married Frances Zentner, daughter of F. T. Zentner, a former Cashier of the First National Bank Corning, Ohio. Mr. Cody was also employed in the wholesale and retail meat market business conduct- ed by Mr. Holden. Here he worked from 1890 to 1893, when he sold out. He then went to Ashland, Wisconsin, where he took up employment as a loco- motive fireman on the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & West- ern Railway, which position he held until 1894. Mr. Cody then returned to Columbus, Ohio, again enter- EDW.\RD CODY Former Chairman of the Langlade County Democratic Committee, President of the Cody Shoe Co., former City Treasurer of .\ntigo. Chairman of the Antigo Chapter, .-Kmerican Red Cross, and prominently iilentified with public activities during the \\'orld War. has been a resident of .\ntigo since ]i)01. of Antigo. Mr. and Mrs. Schmitz have one child, Helene. George Schmitz is a member of the American Legion, the B. P. O. E., and K. of C. lodges. EDWARD CODY, Postmaster, was born in New Lexington, Ohio, March 4, 1874. He attended the graded schools, finishing his education in 1890. In 1894 he took a commercial course in the Columbus Business College, Columbus, Ohio. When sixteen years of age he was employed by M. Holden, then en- gaged in the Furniture and Undertaking business at ing the employ of Mr. Holden in his new grocery and meat market business at that place. He held this po- sition until 1901. While in Columbus he was Election Clerk in Precinct B, 9th Ward. In 1901 he came to Antigo, Wisconsin, bought out a shoe store and has been since in that business. He married Nellie J. M. Anderson, a grand-daughter of Niels Anderson, An- tigo's first merchant, March 31, 1902. In 1915 he was in- strumental in forming a corporation, known as the Cody Shoe Co., of which he was made President. Mr. Cody was elected City Treasurer of Antigo in 1904, HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 327 serving one term. He is a Vice President of the An- tigo Loan & Investment Co.; was Clerk of the Modern Woodmen for several years ; held offices in the B. P. O. E. Lodge; went through the chairs of the K. of C. lodge, and is a fourth degree member of that order; was Chairman of the Democratic County Committee of Langlade County for ten consecutive years; a Di- rector and Treasurer of the Antigo Commercial Club, and Vice President of the Antigo Militia Company during the war. He is now Chairman of the Lang- lade County Chapter of the American Red Cross, which position he has held since its organization. He was one of the active committee members who put over all War Work in Langlade County. Sep- tember 1, 1921, he was elected State Treasurer of the Wisconsin Postmasters' Association. Mr. Cody has been postmaster of Antigo since February 24, 1915. Edward Cody played an important part in the organ- ization of Company G., Antigo's military unit in the World War. JOHN PALMER, Grocer, came to Antigo with his parents, Anna and Emanuel Palmer, in the year 1883, when Antigo was a village. He was born in Apple- ton, October 23, 1881. He attended the public schools and high school of Antigo. Mr. Palmer engaged in farming work for four years, following which he en- gaged in the painting business for nine years. In 1909 he went into the grocery business, corner of Sixth avenue and Superior street, with Wencel Sipek. This firm was dissolved upon the death of Mr. Sipek in 1916. Mr. Palmer since conducted the business alone as Palmer's Grocery. The subject of this sketch was married June 11, 1908, to Albina Sipek. Four children were born to this union. They are Vernon, John, Dorothy, and Jane. John Palmer is a member of the Charter Oak Lodge, Knights of Pythias. The Palmer residence is at 429 Edison street. FRANK P. VER BRYCK, pioneer locomotive engi- neer, has served as such for half a century on the Chicago & Northwestern railroad, first the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western railroad and then with the former, when in 1893 the property of the Lake Shore system was sold. Mr. Ver Bryck was born January 1, 1854, in Gran- ville, Milwaukee County, the son of Samantha and Ralph P. Ver Bryck. He was the fourth of five child- ren. When an infant he moved with his parents to the Town of Eden, Fond du Lac County, from where the family moved to the city of Fond du Lac. It was here that he attended the public schools. At the age of seventeen he started as a railroad fireman, January 13, 1871, with the C. & N. W. R. R. Co. Two years later, February 13, 1873, he was promoted to the rank of locomotive engineer which he still holds. In 1872 Mr. Ver Bryck moved with his mother to Oshkosh, Winnebago County, where he lived until 1878 when he was transferred to the Chicago Division. Here he piloted out of Chicago on various important branches. He returned to Wisconsin in 1881, taking up his resi- dence at Manitowoc. It was then that he entered the service of the M. L. S. & W. R. R. Co. He moved from Manitowoc to Kaukauna, thence to Ashland, from where, in 1887, he came to Antigo. He has made Antigo his home since. Mr. Ver Bryck, on January 13, 1923, will have rounded out fifty-two years con- tinuous services as a railroad man, fifty of which were spent as an engineer. He was married to Elizabeth Clifford, of Janesville, on February 3, 1875. Mrs. Ver Bryck passed away in Antigo on September 2, 1920. Her remains were laid to rest in the old Antigo cemetery. F. p. Ver Bryck has been prominently identified with public activity in Antigo for many years. He served as an Alderman from the First Ward contin- uously for eleven years and was for a long time Chair- man of the Board of Public Works of Antigo. From these offices he resigned when they conflicted with other duties. Mr. Ver Bryck is a member of the B. of L. E., a 32nd degree Mason, and a member of the Mystic Workers. He resides at 323 Seventh avenue. CLIFF'ORD B. KNAPP, Grocer, was born in Osh- kosh, Winnebago County, May 8, 1879, son of Geor- giana and Edwin Knapp. He began life as a printer at the age of fourteen years, working in the Byron Van Keuren publishing plant, the Allen & Weidner plant. Baker Paper Company, Castle-Pierce plant, at Oshkosh, until when he came to Antigo in November, 1913. He was employed in Antigo as make-up man in the mechanical department of the Antigo Journal and later as Foreman of The Herald job department, from which he resigned in the fall of 1920. Mr. Knapp opened the Knapp Grocery at 208 Hud- son street April 20, 1921. He was married Septem- ber 27, 1906, to Clara Boeder, to which union three children, Wilton, age 14; Edward, age 7, and Robert, age 3, were born. Mr. Knapp is a member of the F. R. A., M. W. A., and typographical union of Antigo. He has held many offices in Antigo fraternal circles, and was once Secretary of the Antigo Central Labor Union. NICHOLAS JOHN GREISCH, Antigo Merchant, was born at Appleton, Outagamie County, June 22, 1883, son of Catherine and Fred Greisch. At an early age he left for Milwaukee and Chicago, having completed the graded schools at Appleton. Young Greisch followed the machinist's occupation. Mr. Greisch came to Antigo from Wausau, Marathon County, May 1, 1904. He engaged at once in the retail tea and coffee business which he has followed with success for the past eighteen years. In 1911 Mr. Greisch built the Greisch building on Fifth avenue. Important additions were made to this two story brick structure in 1918. The Greisch building is a lasting monument to the integrity of the subject of this sketch. November 24, 1918, N. J. Greisch married Martha Welnetz, to which union, one child, Mary Elizabeth, was born. Mr. Greisch is a member of the Knights of 328 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. Columbus and is a member of St. John's congregation. In 1921 he was a member of the Antigo Board of Education. The Greisch business is located at 724 Fifth avenue. Fred Greisch, father of Nicholas J. Greisch, passed away when his son was two months old. His remains are buried at Appleton. Mrs. Fred Greisch is still living in that city. ticed law at Wittenberg, Shawano County, for two to three years; moved to Oshkosh where he stayed two years; and then, because of ill health, moved to Elcho, Langlade County, where he took up a 160-acre home- stead. For five years he improved his holdings, built fine farm buildings, engaged in logging opera- tions and farmed. His health regained, in 1904 he moved to Antigo, associating with his father in the 'iCX. .ARTHUR GOODRICK Unanimous choice of the l.ang'.ade County bar for .Municipal Judge fol- lowing the death of Judge T. W. Hogan. Judge Goodrick was re- turned to the bench by the people in .April, 1021. Judge Goodrick enjoyed a lucrative law practice prior to his elevation to the bench. HON. ARTHUR GOODRICK, Municipal Judge, was born at Northport, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, September 3, 1874, the son of Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Goodrick. He moved with his parents to New London and thence to Shawano, where he spent his boyhood. Ill health forced him from High School after com- pleting three years, and for one year he divided his time between his father's law office and recuperating from illness. The next year he entered Lawrence College, Appleton, and two years later returned to the law office of his father, where he studied law. In 1894 he took a special examination and was admitted into the Senior law class. University of Wisconsin, graduating in 1895. Attorney Goodrick then prac- practice of law under the firm name of Goodrick & Goodrick. This partnership was dissolved July 12, 1917. Attorney Goodrick then practiced alone. Upon the death of Hon. T. W. Hogan, Municipal Judge of Langlade County, the Langlade County Bar Associa- tion, at a special meeting, unanimously recommended the appointment of Attorney Goodrick as Municipal Judge, and on December 9, 1919, Governor Emanuel L. Phillip appointed him to that important office. In April, 1921, Judge Goodrick was returned to the bench by the people of the county for a new term, defeating Attorney George W. Latta. With the ex- ception of being township Chairman of Elcho prior to his appointment as Municipal Judge, Judge Good- HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 329 rick held no public office. At the time of his eleva- tion to the bench he had one of the most lucrative and largest practices in Northern Wisconsin and ac- cepted the Judgeship at a considerable sacrifice from a pecuniary viewpoint. While Municipal Judge he has fearlessly and ably upheld the dignity of the of- fice. Judge Goodrick is a member of the Commandery and other Masonic bodies, and the M. W. A. He was married to Miss Birdie Smith, of Chicago, Illinois, October 14, 1896, and they make their home at 402 Fifth Avenue, Antigo, Wis. F. A. MILLARD, once a prominent Antigo Merchant, was born January 14, 1861, in Neenah, Wiscon- sin, the son of Johan and Susan Millard. At the age of six he moved to New London, Wisconsin. He resided on a farm for five years, returning then to a farm near Neenah. Leaving the farm, Mr. Millard was engaged in various clerical positions in Neenah with four concerns. He then went to Oshkosh, Winneba- go County, for a year and a half, and January 1, 1882, he came to Antigo, as one of the city's pioneers. Employed by L. D. Moses, Moses & Gray, Hessel & Leykom hardware, the Antigo-Edison Electric Light Company, then in the painting and papering business. Mr. Millard ended thus a variation of occupations by purchasing the Dan Mahoney stationery store which he operated for seven years. He then went to the Wolf River country engaging in logging for a year; returned to Antigo, buying out Harry Hopkins' sta- tionery business. He has been engaged in the same business since. Mr. Millard sold his interest in the Millard & Hartford book store and on August 1, 1922, he moved to Madison, Wisconsin. F. A. Millard married Winnie B. Williams, pioneer Antigo woman, April 30, 1886. Two children were born to this union, Robert D., a University of Wisconsin graduate, and University of Pennsylvania graduate in the medical department. Doctor Robert Millard is now at Queen Hospital, Honolulu, H. I.; John Millard, younger son, is a University of Wiscon- sin student. Mr. Millard is a member of the Masonic, E. F. U., Beavers, and F. R. A. fraternities.. Their Antigo residence was at 614 Eighth avenue. HARRY E. RADTKE, Real Estate Dealer, was born at Caroline, Shawano County, Wisconsin, May 9, 1897, son of Gustav and Louise Radtke. He attended the graded schools after which he worked at various oc- cupations, driving for a doctor, worked as timber cruiser for his father, engaged in the manufacture of cheese, becoming manager of the W. A. Stanton fac- tory, at New London, Wis., purchased a cheese fac- tory at Bear Creek, Outagamie County, returned a year later to cruising and surveying with his father. Two years later he entered the employ of the Holub Real Estate Co., Wausau, Wisconsin. A year and a half later he came to Antigo opening the Radtke Real Estate Agency, with offices in the First National Bank building. Mr. Radtke is a member of the B. P. O. E. GEORGE JOHN FRANZ, Antigo Merchant, was born April 23, 1870, near Nova Kdyne, Austria, the son of Mary and James Franz. While a boy he at- tended the public schools of Nova Kdyne for five years. He then entered the great spinning mills of Nova Kdyne and for four years was connected with the spinning and weaving departments. The desire to cross the Atlantic and settle in America was strong in his breast. This hope was realized when he land- ed at Baltimore, Md., September 27, 1884. He went to Milwaukee, worked in a factory, and then moved to Kewaunee. After working for a year on a farm he went to Rib Lake, Marathon County, where for a short time he was a sawmill worker. Mr. Franz returned to Milwaukee and worked twelve years in a tannery and twelve years for the Gem Hammock & Fly Net Company as foreman. He came to Antigo, Wisconsin, June 12, 1914, pur- chased a property at Elm street and Third avenue, sold it and then bought his present property at Fourth avenue and Deleglise street. Mr. Franz since en- gaged in the retail grocery business at that location. He was married September 22, 1910, at St. John de Nepomac church, Milwaukee, Wis., to Maria Neuwirth. Five children, three girls and two boys, were born to this union. They are Maria, Anthony, Georgia, Harrietta, and Alice. Mr. Franz's father died in Austria in 1884. His mother died in Chicago in 1912. The Franz family attends St. Mary's Catholic church. WILLIAM JACOB GIESE, Manager Beverage Plant, was born in the Town of Shields, Marquette County, April 18, 1890, son of Mary and William Giese. He attended District No. 4 rural schools, same township, following which he engaged in farm- ing on his father's farm until 1904, working on Albert Giese's, a brother's farm, in 1905. He then worked successively as timekeeper. Red Granite Monumental Co., six months. He was then called to Shields township because of his mother's illness; came to Antigo in June, 1906; September, 1906, called to Shields township because of his mother's death. While in Antigo has been employed as cement con- tractor for W. A. Stewart. Mr. Giese aided in con- struction of Court House, High School, and other public works. He worked with the Paine Lumber Co. in the fall of 1906, with his brother John Giese in Shields township, Marquette County, during that winter and in 1907; returned to Antigo working with A. Goldberg grocery department; September, 1907, with M. Krom & Son, until spring of 1908. His father died April 30, 1908, and Mr. Giese then went from Marquette County to Abbotsford where he hired out as a fireman on the Soo. He made his student trip to Minneapolis and decided that railroading was not to his desire. He then engaged as solicitor for Kaisser & Johnson, wholesale grocers, Minneapolis, returning September 19, 1908, to Antigo. October 8, 1908, he opened An- tigo Cash Grocery as Vice President of corporation. In spring 1913 he entered employ Charles Hanzel, 330 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. wholesale liquor dealer, where he was employed until July 1, 1918. Then entered Antigo Furniture & Un- dertaking Co., staying with them studying undertak- ing, until May 18, 1919. June 1, 1919, took up posi- tion as F. R. A. district manager, which he resigned December 5, 1921, to take over Antigo office of Taylor Beverage & Candy Co., Rhinelander, Wis. Mr. Giese was married November 20, 1912, to Hen- rietta Meidam. They have two children, Marion Elizabeth and Melbourne James. Mr. Giese is a mem- ber of the K. C, F. R. A., Owls lodges. He is a member of St. John's congregation. The Giese resi- dence is at 916 Eighth Avenue, Antigo, Wis. JOSEPH G. WIRIG, prominent citizen, was born in Oakland township, Jefferson County, May 23, 1871, son of Barbara Heidelman Wirig and Adam Wirig. He moved from the farm to Ft. Atkinson, Jefferson County, at an early age. Here he attended the public schools, after which he entered the employ of the Northwestern Manufacturing Company, of that city. At the age of seventeen, 1888, he began as an appren- tice to learn blacksmithing, which he has since fol- lowed. Mr. Wirig resided at Ft. Atkinson until 1889 when he went into northern Wisconsin, working at Gagen, named after Dan Gagen, pioneer fur trader. He then went to Eagle River, Vilas County, where he followed his trade for three years. Mr. Wirig then moved to Antigo where he has since been. He was a blacksmith for fifteen years for Laughlin & Kelly and was about twelve years with Leonard Freiburger. He then went into business alone, in 1917. He was a member of the original Antigo Wagon Works. Mr. Wirig was married October 30, 1895, to Annie Richey and they have three children, Nora, a teacher; Ruth, a nurse; and Marres, a medical student at the University of Wisconsin. Mr. Wirig had served with credit as Supervisor and Alderman of the Sixth Ward, the latter seven years, and for three years as a member of the Board of Edu- cation. The Wirig residence is at 339 Virginia street. NATHANIEL R. BABCOCK, Real Estate Dealer, was born in the town of Clayton, Winnebago County, January 20, 1868, the son of Malinda and Marvin Bab- cock. He received a common school education after which he attended the Marshfield High School. His school days ended, young Babcock began to meet the vicissitudes of life. He engaged in employment with a stave factory for two years at Marshfield, following which he was employed by the Vollmar & Krause general store. At this time, June 27, 1887, Marshfield was destroyed by fire. Mr. Babcock then went to Warren, Minnesota, where he farmed for one year, 1888. He returned to Marshfield, working a year in a hotel. Thirty-three years ago, 1889, he drove a number of horses up to Langlade for Charles Larze- lere and Charles McFarland. John Gibson was then mail carrier on the Military Road. He came to Antigo from Langlade when much of the intervening country was a vast wilderness. Returning to Marshfield Mr. Babcock advised John Holley, G. H. Maxwell and others interested, to locate the stave mill (of the An- tigo Manufacturing Co.) they contemplated, at An- tigo, which they did in 1892. He was in their em- ploy until 1896 — he assisted in clearing the land for the mill site — then associated with Jos. Duchac and Webster, of Chicago, 111., in real estate business. Many settlers have been located in the country through his activities. He was married to Miss Ellethra Beattie, Clayton township, Winnebago County, September 6, 1893. One child, Orpha, was born to this union. Miss Babcock is a graduate of the Antigo High School, 1918, White- water Normal, 1920, and is now a teacher in the Ap- pleton High School commercial department. The Babcock home is at 232 Field street. Mr. Babcock has served as Alderman, five years on the Board of Education, as Chairman of the Building Committee of the present High School, and is now a member of the Park and Cemetery Board of the City of Antigo. OTTO G. NOLTE, Shoe Merchant, was born in Winnebago County, January 18, 1881, the son of Kath- erine and A. C. Nolte. He attended the public schools of Oshkosh, where he moved with his parents when two years old. Leaving school he began office work in a wholesale shoe house from which he was promoted to stockman in the same business. He came to Antigo in November, 1903, and entered the employ of the First National Bank as a bookkeeper. He rose from bookkeeper to Assistant Cashier, resigning in April, 1921, to take over the Herbst Shoe Store, 811 Fifth avenue, which he has since owned. Mr. Nolte was married to Euphemia Hill, daughter of the late George W. Hill, pioneer merchant and former Antigo Mayor, October 3, 1905. One son. Dexter George, was born to this union. Mr. Nolte is a member of the Elks lodge and the Masonic orders. The Nolte family reside at 319 Seventh avenue. FREIDERICH GOTTFRIED GUNKEL, Antigo Baker, was born at Sollstedt, Province of Sachsen, Germany, December 3, 1868, son of Johanna and Heinrich Gunkel. He attended the schools of Soll- stedt until he was fourteen years old, after which he began to learn the baker trade, and for three years was in a bakery in Berlin, capital of Germany. When seventeen years old he came to America, October 10, 1903. For five years he engaged in his business at St. Louis, Mo., and on November 2, 1908, came to An- tigo where he has since conducted Antigo's oldest bakery establishment, 506 Superior street. He was married to Othelia Bork, August 30, 1900, Berlin, Germany. Two children bless this union — Gertrude and Alfreda. Mr. Gunkel has made ex- tensive improvements in his bakery from time to time. It is well patronized. LOUIS FRANK PETERS, Plumber, was bom in the city of Wausau, Marathon County, April 19, 1883, the son of Antonette and Hugo Peters, natives of HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 331 Germany. They came to Wisconsin early in the '60's settling in Milwaukee, later coming to Wausau, where they have since resided. Louis Peters received a common school education and at an early age learned the plumbing trade. He became a master plumber, or plumbing contractor, on April 5, 1904. April 15, 1904, he came to Antigo, where he has since lived. Mr. Peters was married to Christie Summ, September 17, 1907. One son was born, Marlowe Hugo, July 25, 1909. Louis F. Peters is an active member of An- tigo Lodge A. F. & A. M. No. 261, Antigo Chapter, Antigo Commandery No. 61, and the Tripoli Shrine of Milwaukee. He is a member of Antigo Lodge No. 662 B. P. 0. E., also a member of Charter Oak Lodge, No. 150, Knights of Pythias. The Peters fam- ily reside at 419 Lincoln street. CHARLES W. FISH. No better resume of the life of Charles W. Fish, one of the leading manufac- turers of Wisconsin and often referred to as the largest individual lumber operator in the United States can be told than the following, which appeared in a current issue of THE AMERICAN LUMBERMAN in 1918: "Men who fail to achieve conspicuous success are prone to take refuge in the excuse that the day of great opportunities has passed. It is a favorite alibi in the lumber business especially. We are told that the great captains of the industry won their positions through the fortuitous circumstances of a pioneer per- iod, when the raw material was easy to acquire, com- petition nil and a developing nation clamorously de- manded their products. It is an excuse that convinces many people, but seldom convinces the pioneer lum- berman, who knows that he had his own special dif- ficulties and the special handicaps of his time with which he had to contend. The door of opportunity is as widely open today in the lumber business as it was in the '80s. It may re- quire commercial genius; but these have inevitably been the price of real success. There is no finer example of what the young man of today may do than is found in the life story of Charles W. Fish, of Elcho, Wis. Less than fifteen years ago he was a store clerk at $35 a month today he is the head of a million dollar proposition employ- ing 700 men, operating three sawmills, electric light plants and other utilities, and is the creator, or re- creator, of one of the most progressive communities in America — the town of Elcho, in which he lives. He is 40 years old — and now that the fact is revealed many men will be astonished that he is so young, having accomplished so much — and at that age he has taken his proper place among the great lumbermen of the United States. He is no fortunate child of a pioneer period. He hewed out his own success while other men of his age were complaining that the day of opportunity in the lumber business was past, today offering them no promise. There is no more fascinating story than the biog- raphy of men. There is no more romantic biography than that of "Charlie" Fish, sailor, gold hunter in the Klondike, structural iron worker out of a job and "broke"; then the door of opportunity opened an inch; he shoved his foot through and forced his way, over- coming every obstacle, until, in a rapid rise of eight years, he attained his present position. Charles Wesley Fish was born August 28, 1877, at Otterville, a suburb of Toronto, Ontario, a son of Oliver C. Fish and Priscilla (Schooley) Fish. The mother died in 1915. Oliver C. Fish has lived to see his son reach success, and is a resident of the commun- ity which is his headquarters. The Fish family moved to Michigan in 1878, the father becoming an inspector of lumber at Manistee, After it had opened an nch, Chas. W. Fish shoved his foot through the door of opportunity, and by overcoming every obstacle, has attained a commanding position in the lumber world. later managing the business at Gratwick, Smith & Fryer, of Tonawanda, N. Y., of Franfort. There were two other children besides Charles. His brother Don- ald is now associated with him in Elcho; the other brother is Dr. Edward Fish, chief of the interdenomin- ational medical missionary corps of the province in Thibet. At 14 years Charles began clerking in a general store. Then he was a Western Union messenger at $1 a week and spent a year at it. The big steamers of the Manistee lumber docks called to him, and he became a sailor, serving on the old propellers carry- ing lumber to Buffalo. In 1895, when 18 years of age, he joined the rush to Cook's Inlet, Alaska, before the larger Klondike 332 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. excitement. There were sixteen adventurers in that party and his father staked him for two hundred dollars to make the trip. He prospected all of the summer of 1895 in Turnagain Arm and lost nearly all he had. One of the men had sciatic rheumatism, and the party drew lots to see which should take care of him. Fish drew the long straw, and passed up the opportunity to seek a fortune to nurse his comrade through that illness. He had a little money left and he bought an interest in a clean-up in Canyon Creek, which used everything in his belt but never paid a dividend of any kind for the investment. One day a mail boat that came once a month touched the coast. When the captain asked for an ablebodied seaman Fish replied "I guess I'm your man." He sailed on the steamer Commodore Perry in the coastwise trade and at the close of the season returned to Lake Am, Michigan. At Lake Ann he married Miss Grace Vernier and went back to sailing on the lakes. He sailed for four years on the lower lake boats, attaining a second mate permit, making him probably the youngest second of- ficer on a big boat on fresh water. He had definitely made up his mind to be a steamboat man ; but one night his captain had a bad evening and, disliking his language, young Fish quit the steamer at Cleve- land and at the same time quit steamboating for good. He had had enough of wandering. The family had returned to Toronto, Mrs. Fish with them. Accom- panied by his wife and his year old son he went to Manitowoc, and went to work climbing for a structural iron gang. One night he was pulled out of bed at midnight and offered a job as second mate on a ship. He refused; he was through with steamboating. He was out of employment at the time. One day, crossing the bridge at Manitowoc, he met F. P. Jones, a lumberman whom he still defines as "the salt of the earth." "What are you doing" asked Jones. "I'm doing the hardest work any man can do," he replied, "I'm looking for a job." Mr. Jones owned a little sawmill plant at Elcho and offered him employment. The fare was $4.56. Fish borrowed $5 and went. He became a clerk in the store of the Jones Lumber Co. at Elcho at $35 a month, and sent for his wife. That was his salary for a year. Then he added $5 a month to it by looking after incoming freight for the Chicago & Northwestern Railway. One day his luck turned. A homesteader wanted to sell out. Fish gave him $50 for 160 acres, paying for it with $15 of his own money and $35 he borrowed in $5 lots. He had to live in a log cabin of two rooms and walk a mile night and morning to the store — and his work at the store was finished at 9:30 or 10 at night. One day the mill com- pany needed that 160 acres of timber in which he had invested his $50. He sold it to the Company for $3,300 cash. He had nerve and vision and, to use his own words, "I began picking up timber." That was not in the pioneer days but only a few years ago. When the G. W. Jones Lumber Co., to whom the Elcho plant belonged, decided to get out of manu- facturing Mr. Fish bought a half interest in the plant and, with Thomas Mullen, a traveling salesman, as his partner, organized a $20,000 concern. Fish & Mul- len. One afternoon the planing mill burned with little insurance. Fish rebuilt it; and then the sawmill burned. He was left with a planing mill and one sawmill site. He bought the stock of the others in- terested, but had nothing with which to rebuild or operate. So he went to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and for one and a half years was sales manager for the Hackley-Phelps-Bonnell Co. Then he was manager of the operations of the Mason & Donaldson Lumber Co. at State Line, Wis. But he was determined to get back into business for himself. He returned to Elcho eight years ago, built a small mill and began cutting lumber by the thousand. He cut 400,000 feet the first year. He kept adding to his operations and made a specialty of hardwood piling. The last eight years is a contin- uous story of swift and aggressive progress. He bought a store in the village. He cut 1,000,000 the next year, 2,000,000 the next, between three and four million the next. He built forty or fifty houses. He started a bank. He built a model hotel. He made Elcho a real community. Then he bought the plant of the Andrews & Roepke Lumber Co. at Birnamwood, in 1915, rebuilt the mill and increased its capacity. He bought the electric light and water plant of the town. But he still didn't have the sawmill capacity for his timber holdings, which had grown to $500,000 worth of standing trees. In 1916 he built a mill at Antigo. The Charles W. Fish Lumber Co. (which consists of Charles W. Fish) now operates night and day a band mill at Elcho, a band mill at Birnamwood, and a band mill and resaw at Antigo. In 1918 it will ship 45,000,000 feet of lumber, 35 per cent of it hemlock, the rest birch, maple, elm and ash. The name of Fish has come to mean good lumber to the yard and factory trade of Wisconsin, Chicago, and Michigan and a constantly widening territory. Mr. Fish's family consists of his wife, his son, Glenn H. Fish, employed at the Birnamwood plant, and two charming daughters, Blanche and Grace, students at the Milwaukee-Downer College Seminary, Milwaukee. Mr. Fish is a member of the Wisconsin Consistory, Scottish Rite Masons. No one knows of his private charities except that they are many. He has never held public office, and recently, when mentioned by enthusiastic friends for United States senator, declin- ed to be a candidate. He finds his chief joy in his family, his business and his timber — and Elcho. It is a model town with a happy and contented popula- tion, beautiful homes, a good hotel, drug store, com- m.issary, electric lights, a boulevard lighting system, an excellent school, and other conveniences of good living. He has one dream yet — to put 400 families on 400 40-acre lots, and to give them such a long time to pay for it that each man may attain a home of his own. His love of the woods is genuine. In 1917 he pen- etrated northern Alberta and walked 200 miles alone HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 333 through the woods under the shadow of the Arctic. That was his idea of a vacation. Such is the story of Charles W. Fish, sailor, gold hunter, structural iron worker, lumberman, captain of industry, man. C. W. VAN DOREN was born in Oshkosh, Winne- bago County, November 16, 1882. At the age of three years he moved with his parents to Birnamwood, Shawano County, where he lived until 1901. He at- tended the Birnamwood public schools, graduating from the Birnamwood High School in 1900. In 1901 Mr. Van Doren graduated from the Wisconsin Acad- Knight and Reo automobiles for Langlade, Forest and Oneida Counties. Mr. Van Doren is a member of the Knights of Pythias and Masonic Orders. In 1922 he was elected Worshipful Master of the Blue Lodge. Mr. Van Doren takes an active interest in all civic enterprises in Antigo. His work with the Community Welfare Association alone has been unequalled. DR. J. C. WRIGHT. Over forty years of devotion to his chosen profession is the record of Dr. J. C. Wright, prominent citizen of Antigo and Langlade County. Nearly a half century of his life has been spent in the alleviation of the ills of mankind. Such C. W. VAN DOREN A well known Antigo citizen, member of the Antigo Library Board, Worshipful Master of the Blue Lodge. Masonic order, and former Superintendent of the Antigo Water Works. Mr. Van Doren is married and resides at 1(113 Superior Street, Antigo. emy at Madison, Wis., and attended the University of Wisconsin in 1902-03. He returned to Birnamwood and for six years was employed as Assistant Cashier in the Bank of Birnamwood. March 30, 1905, he married Flora Jessell at Birnamwood. For three years following he was Superintendent of the Antigo Water Works, after which he resumed his connection with the Bank of Birnamwood. In April, 1915, he erected a garage in Antigo, corner of Superior street and Sixth avenue, and has the agency for Overland, Willys- is indeed a faithful service — a record of which no man need be ashamed. Always giving of his best ener- gies, always faithful to his trust, his life has been a useful one and he may look over that span of years with a sense of duty well done and he may take a pardonable pride in a work that has served to assist humanity as well as to add to the professional pres- tige of his community. Dr. Wright was born on a farm in Richland County, Wisconsin, March 18, 1858, a son of Rev. I. J. and Catherine Wright. His father 334 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. was for many years a useful worker as a minister of the United Brethren church. Reared in Richland Dr. Wright attended the public schools and for four years was a student in Edwards Academy at Greene- ville, Tennessee. On leaving preparatory school, he took up the study of medicine and graduated from the oldest and the most famous school of medicine, the Rush Medical College of Chicago, where he was a member of the class of 1881-82. Soon after he took up practice at Excelsior, Richland County, where he remained a successful practitioner for more than a quarter of a century. He moved to Antigo, Langlade County, in November, 1906, where he has since been in practice. He has served as Cit/ Physician, as Secretary of the Langlade County Medical Society, as County Physician, and was the government exam- iner of the county boys vvho were i.. ducted i..to the National Army during the World War. In 1893 Dr. J. C. Wright was united in marriage to Miss Rose Hamilton, who for fifteen years prior to marriage, had taught school in Richland Center, Wis- consin. They have seven children, namely: John J., an attorney; Martha Marie, now Mrs. Harry Jewell of Antigo, Wis; Grace Belle, an instructor in physical culture; Mary, a student at Lawrence College, Apple- ton, Wis.; Catherine, a stude: t at Lawrer.ce College, Appleton, Wis.; and Hamilton and Richard, students in the Antigo public schools. Dr. J. C. Wright has membership in the Langlade County Medical Society, the Wisconsin Medical Society, the American Medi- cal Association. He is a member of the Masons, the Modern Woodmen of America, the Equitable Fraternal Union, the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity, the Mystic Workers, the Owls, and socially and in his pro- fession is a man of highest standing. He posseses unusual poetical ability having written many poems, including one of which has been widely read under the title "Wisconsin", and is often read at patriotic gatherings. Dr. Wright is also interested in many substantial commercial enterprises. The Wright fam- ily resides at 412 Fifth avenue. was chosen for. He retired from the office in 1919 to engage in the life and fire insurance business, in which he is now associated with G. E. Crandall, with offices on Fifth Avenue, Antigo, Wis. Mr. Arveson was united in marriage to Louise Belle Henshaw, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Hen- shaw on September 11, 1901. To this union the fol- lowing children were born : Maurice H., Elliott R., Holly, Arthur, and Beth. Mrs. Arveson passed away in the prime of her life on October 18, 1920. A. M. .\RVESOX Ex-City Clerk, former County Superintendent and well known insurance man, who has been a resident of .\ntigo since is;i:i. A. M. Arveson has been active in state fraternal af- fairs and in 1918 was Grand Master of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. During the World War he was active in the various war campaigns and served on im- portant county committees to further the Victory Fund and Liberty Loan campaigns. The family attends the Methodist Episcopal Church. A. M. ARVESON. Former County Superintendent of Langlade County Schools, former City Clerk and a well known insurance man, was born on February 14, 1874, in the town of New Denmark, Brown County, Wisconsin. Here he attended the rural schools. He later entered the Oshkosh State Normal. Mr. Arveson came to Antigo in March, 1893, and began teaching in the Sunnyside School, Rolling township, but a short distance from Antigo. For five years he followed his profession in the rural schools of the county and then taught five years in the city schools as principal of the Sixth Ward. During this period he attended summer school at Oshkosh Normal and the University of Wis- consin. He was elected City Clerk of Antigo in 1902 and re-elected in 1904, serving with credit in that ca- pacity. In the fall of 1902 he was elected County Su- perintendent of Schools for Langlade County, in which capacity he served for seventeen consecutive years — a longer period than any other County Superintendent DR. MICHAEL J. DONOHUE, was born at She- boygan, Wisconsin, on April 29, 1874, the son of Cor- nelius and Mary (Kittrick) Donohue. Cornelius Don- ohue, the father, was one of the pioneer railroad men of Wisconsin and spent forty-five years as an engin- eer on the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western and then the Chicago & Northwestern railroad. He died in Antigo in 1901, his widow surviving him until 1907. Michael J. Donohue moved to Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, and in 1882, with his parents, he moved to Antigo. Here the future physician and surgeon at- tended the public schools and in 1890 graduated from the Antigo High School. From 1890 to 1892 he studied medicine in the office of the late Dr. J. F. Doyle of Antigo, and the two succeeding years he spent in taking a pre-medical course at the University of Wisconsin. In 1894 he entered the Medical De- partment of Northwestern University at Chicago, Illi- nois, and in 1898 graduated with the degree of M. D. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 335 He continued to practice alone in Antigo until 1907 when he formed a partnership with his brother. Dr. E. J. Donohue, who was graduated from the schools of Antigo and from the Northwestern University at Evanston, medical department, in 1906. Dr. Donohue and his brother have one of the best equipped offices in northern Wisconsin, the same be- ing located in the First National Bank building. The brothers devote considerable attention to surgery in which they have and continue to gain increased pres- tige. Both are members of the Langlade County and the Wisconsin State Medical Societies and the Ameri- can Medical Association. Drs. Donohue & Donohue are members of the Roman Catholic church and they are fraternally identified with the Knights of Colum- bus and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Dr. E. J. Donohue was married to Miss Elizabeth Mueller November 24, 1913. Dr. Michael J. Dono- hue was married to Miss Mabel Cody, of Antigo, on October 7, 1915. They have one son, Eugene. Dr. E. J. Donohue resides at 521 First avenue, and Dr. M. J. Donohue's residence is at 415 Clermont street. WALTER EDWARD WIENANDT, Dray Propri- etor, was born in Milwaukee, July 20, 1883, son of Fred and Anna Wienandt. He moved to Milan, Mar- athon County, at an early age. His parents decided to move on a farm near that village, and it was on the farm then purchased by Fred Wienandt that Wal- ter, as a boy, spent his early days. When he was twenty-one years old he moved to Athens, Wiscon- sin, where he engaged in the dray business for nine years. He came to Antigo in 1918, and a year later purchased the John Kingsbury Transfer Line, which he now operates, with offices at 613 Edison street. Mr. Wienandt was married to Mary Albrecht at Athens, August 25, 1917. His home is at 214 Watson street, Antigo, Wisconsin. He is an active member of the L. 0. O. M. JOHN J. KINGSBURY. No stronger character or one more beloved by all classes or better known in Langlade County ever exceeded the late John Jer- ome Kingsbury in those qualifications. John Jerome Kingsbury was born in Dexter, Maine, the state from whence came most of the leading Wisconsin lumber- men. He was the son of J. R. Kingsbury and was born on March 25, 1852. He lived with his parents in Maine state until he was ten years of age and then the Kingsbury family moved to Portage County, Wis- consin, in 1862, residing at Jordon. From Jordon they moved to Stevens Point, Wisconsin. Here Mr. Kingsbury attended the public schools and then en- tered Ripon College, from which he graduated. He began his lumber career when he was sixteen years old, spending some time in Portage County logging for himself. In 1873 he went to Auburndale, Wis- consin, and with his brother. Forest, erected a shingle mill, operating the same until 1882. He went to Stevens Point from Auburndale and there operated a lumber yard with his brother, the Auburndale mill having burned. Mr. Kingsbury also operated a mill at Whittlesey, Wis., for a short time. From Medford, Wisconsin, he went to the Penoki Range, operating a sawmill there. He was associated with George Rogers and Ed Winchester. In the fall of 1890 he became acquainted with Charles E. Henshaw, of Medford, Wisconsin. They formed a partnership known as the Kingsbury & Henshaw Company, and that same year they moved to Antigo. Here Messrs. Kingsbury and Henshaw operated a grist and flour mill and a mod- ern sawmill from 1890 up to the time of Mr. Kings- bury's death. The Kingsbury & Henshaw Lumber Company was one of the best known of Wisconsin manufacturing institutions and was a vital part of the industrial section of the city of Antigo. iMR. AND MRS. JOHN T. KINGSBURY The late John J. Kingsbury, beloved by all with whom he came in contact, was a resident of Antigo for over a quarter of a century. The late J. J. Kingsbury was married to Alice Paige, a native of Rock County, Wisconsin, on May 16, 1871, at Stevens Point, Wisconsin. To thjs union eight children were born, namely: May, Bessie and Leigh, deceased; Arthur J.; Beatrice and John E., all of Antigo, Wis.; Carl W., of Tulsa, Oklahoma; Faye, now Mrs. George Kircher, of Olivia, Minnesota. Mr. Kingsbury died on August 2, 1917, and was buried in the family vault in the Antigo cemetery. He was a member of the Antigo lodge B. P. O. E. and all Masonic orders. He took the 32nd Masonic de- gree in 1913 at Milwaukee, Wis. The late J. J. Kings- bury was regarded as one of the busiest, most ener- getic and enterprising men of the county and his hon- orable methods of dealing with his fellow man firm- ly established him in the respect and confidence of all with whom he came in contact. 336 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. VALENTINE P. RATH, pioneer citizen and County Clerk of Langlade County, was bom in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, February 15, 1860, the son of Val- entine and Mary Anna (Feser) Rath, both of whom were born in Bavaria and imigrated to America in 1858, settling in Sheboygan. The father died in Sheboygan in 1911. Valentine Rath, Sr., was a soldier in the Civil War, enlisting from Sheboygan County and see- ing service in some of that conflict's severest battles. Mr. Rath was reared in the city of Sheboygan and there attended the parochial school of the Roman Cath- olic church, of which his parents were, and he and his family are now, members. When a youth he learned the trade of a cooper and worked at that trade for two years or more and then entered the employ of Henry Rath, packing lime. When nineteen years of age he came to Langlade County, then a part of \'. P. R.\.TI1 Veteran County Clerk of Langlade County, who, with his brother John, came to what is now Price township in 187!). Mr. Rath has been chosen County Clerk at each general election since 1902 and is now the Treasurer of the Wisconsin County Clerks Association. Oconto County, and he is one of the pioneers of this community. He settled in Price township and was active as Chairman, Assessor, Town Clerk, and in County affairs before his election to the office of County Clerk in 1902. He held the position of Town Clerk at the time of the election. Mr. Rath has been successively re-elected to the office of County Clerk at each election since 1902 with handsome majorities. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus as well as the Catholic Knights of Wisconsin and the Catho- lic Order of Foresters, having held various official capacities in the last two named. He is at present the Treasurer of the Wisconsin County Clerks Asso- ciation, having been re-elected in 1922. Mr. Rath is also a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, the Sons of Veterans and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. May 15, 1890, he was united in marriage to Made- lene Mary Friederich, of Sheboygan, who was born and reared in that city. To this union six children have been born, as follows: George P.; Joseph F. ; William M.; John H.; Clara Mary; and Thomas E. Rath. Four of Mr. Rath's sons served in the fighting forces of Uncle Sam during the World War, Thomas E. being too young at the time, later served in the U. S. Navy, and Mr. Rath, as a member of the Board of Exemption of the Langlade County district, and who engaged actively in other war activities, distinguished himself as a true patriot. William M. Rath, while overseas, met and afterwards married Marthe Au- bertin. This was Langlade County's only war romance. Valentine P. Rath has played a conspicuous part in Langlade County activities for many years; he was instrumental in getting Price township detached from Polar township and was the leader of the homesteaders in their political battles in the pioneer days of Price. When Mr. Rath first came to Langlade County he took up a residence on one hundred and sixty acres of land in Polar township, now Price township. He resided there for a number of years and then moved to Bryant, village in Price township, and was engaged as a lumber grader and cruiser, which work he fol- lowed until his election as County Clerk. He then moved into Antigo, where he has since made his home. By his capable and thorough performance of duty, his high order of citizenship and his fidelity to the county, Mr. Rath has won the confidence and highest esteem of scores of citizens all over Langlade County. The Rath family reside at 130 Lincoln street. EDWARD FREDERICK BUCHEN, Sheriff of Langlade County, was born in the town of Lyndon, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, March 21, 1877, the son of Elizabeth (Hanke) Buchen and Goodhart Buchen. He attended the rural schools of Lyndon township after which he engaged as a farmer on his father's farm until he attained the age of nineteen years. He then engaged in the cheese and dairy business at Adell, Sheboygan County, for five years, selling his interests then to his brother, George Bu- chen. November 20, 1901, he moved to Antigo town- ship, Langlade County, and started a cheese factory and creamery on Highway No. 47, what is commonly known as the "Howe Cheese Factory" site. This was the second factory in Langlade County at that time. For three years Mr. Buchen operated this in- dustry successfully and then sold out. He then be- came the proprietor of the Star Creamery, a co-opera- tive organization in Rolling township, which he was associated with for two years. He then moved into the city of Antigo, opening the Buchen Creamery on Fifth avenue, which he conducted until 1915 when he sold out to Andrew Anderson. Mr. Buchen then con- ducted a cheese factory at Kramer's corner in Antigo township for two years until his election for the first time to the office of Sheriff. Mr. Buchen's adminis- tration of that office was so satisfactory to the general public that he was re-elected in 1920 by an overwhelm- ing vote. The office of Sheriff has been faithfully administered by him since and with his announcement for re-election in 1922 Mr. Buchen merely yielded to the requests of numerous friends. Mr. Buchen was married to Ella Ferk, of the town of Sherman, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, Novem- ber 18, 1900. Three children, two of whom are de- ceased — Clarence Edward and Violet — and Hilda, a HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 337 daughter, now a student at the Whitewater Normal School, were born to this union. During the war Mr. Buchen was active, serving as Chairman of the Langlade County Board of Exemp- tion. He is a member of the B. P. 0. E. and Beavers fraternities. The Buchen family attend the Lutheran church. PETER J. ROUiVIAN. Among the younger citizens of Antigo and Langlade County are many industrious and ambitious men who have ably demonstrated their fitness to carry on worthy commercial enterprises. Peter J. Rouman, who is, comparatively speaking, a new resident, can be classed with this group. Mr. Rouman is a native of Greece, the son of Helen and Gregory Rouman. He was born November 23, 1894. As a boy he attended the public schools of his birth- place and then entered high school. He was a post- office clerk in Greece. When seventeen years old he sai'ed for America where he planned to settle. He went to Marquette, Michigan, and three months later came to Antigo to enter the employ of Peter Papa- dakis, an uncle, then conducting a confectionery in this city. Two years later he entered the popcorn and confectiorery business for himself. At the out- break of the World War he entered the U. S. National Army and served with the 86th Division for nine months at Camp Hospital No. 21, overseas. Return- V ing to the U. S. he was honorably discharged at Camp Grant on June 12, 1919. He had enlisted June 17, 1918. He then returned to his business at Antigo. May 1, 1921, he sold his popcorn interests and pur- chased the Helmbrecht Cafe, changing the name to the Antigo Cafe. This cafe is located at 827 Fifth avenue and enjoys a fine local and a splendid summer tourist patronage. Mr. Rouman was united in mar- riage in Antigo to Miss Esther Saunders on August 24, 1920. To this union one child, Dafney Helen, was born. Mr. and Mrs. Rouman reside at 827% Fifth avenue. The subject of this sketch is a mem- ber of the Loyal Order of Moose. ANTON J. NOWOTNY. Among the pioneer citi- W zens of Antigo and Langlade County is no more con- spicuous a figure than Anton J. Nowotny, the Clerk of the Circuit Court. Anton J. Nowotny came to Antigo in the winter of 1878-79 with his widowed mother, Mrs. Elizabeth Nowotny. With his mother the young lad lived in Ackley township for six months on a homestead. Mr. Nowotny moved to this wilderness from Manitowoc County with his mother, his father having passed away in Manitowoc County in 1873. The subject of this sketch was born November 15, 1865. With an older son he came to this county with his mother. The embryo town was then a place that gave little promise of reaching its present population of close to ten thousand inhabitants. Anton J. Nowot- ny was then thirteen years old and he roughed it through the years of his youth and early manhood. He performed all manner of manual labor as a boy. serving as the janitor of the first Antigo school. Here he built fires and cut wood for the sum of six dollars a month. It should be stated that he went to school a part of the time, later attended night school and then entered St. Francis Academy at Milwaukee. He was variously employed at saw mill work, and at one time was active in contracting for the delivery of logs on the river. He also learned the cigar maker's trade and for a time ran a cigar factory, which, owing to the hard times then, he was compelled to close. He then took up a homestead in the town of Elcho on which he lived for about four years, and it was then that he was first elected Clerk of the Circuit Court fcr Langlade County, which office he has been hon- ored with at each successive election since. This fact is a splendid testimonial of the esteem and con- fidence the public holds in Mr. Nowotny as a public servant, tried and found to be true. In 1892 he was united in marriage to Theresa Boll of Antigo, Wis. To them were born eight children: Irwin, Clarence, Mary, Esther, Lester, Lloyd, Glen and Dorothy. Esther and Lester are twins. Irwin and Clarence were members of the 107th Trench Mor- tar Battery which served during the World War. Anton J. Nowotny is a member of St. John's Cath- olic church and is fraternally a member of the Knights of Columbus and the Catholic Order of Foresters. He is one of the substantial property owners of the com- munity and, with his family, he holds a high place among the respected citizens. ARTHUR J. KINGSBURY. One who has consid- ered the pursuits of private life as abundantly worthy of his best efforts, and who has concentrated his in- terests, energies and attention upon his home county, has labored for its advancement and growth and at the same time has promoted his private interests so that he had attained a position of prestige among his fellow citizens is Arthur J. Kingsbury, the son of Alice (Paige) and John Jerome Kingsbury, pioneer Antigo residents. Mr. Kingsbury was born September 23, 1876, in Stevens Point, Portage County, Wisconsin. When ten years old he moved with his parents to Ash- land, Wisconsin, and a year later to Cornell, Wiscon- sin, from where the Kingsbury family moved to An- tigo in 1890. Here Mr. Kingsbury attended public school and the high school, which was then located on the site of the Second Ward school. He then en- tered the Michigan Agricultural College, East Lan- sing, Michigan, and after completing his course re- turned to Langlade County engaging in farming. He then moved to Boulder, Colorado, and worked in the oil fields, and the following years was at Bay City, Michigan, thence to the state of Kansas for two years; thence a year he spent in Oklahoma in the oil fields. He then returned to Antigo and opened up a field photography and kodak business, which he has since developed into an extensive enterprise. Arthur J. Kingsbury was united in marriage on Feb- ruary 16, 1897, to Miss Myrtle Cunningham, of An- tigo. To this union three children were born, as fol- 338 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. lows: Claire, now engaged in the oil business at Tulsa, Oklahoma; Wayne, who passed away at the age of five; and Doris, a student in the Antigo public schools. Arthur J. Kingsbury is accounted one of the substantial and dependable business men of the city and county. WALTER J. GALLON. Among the citizens of Langlade County who are rendering their community signal services both in a public and a commercial nature none stands in higher esteem than Walter J. Gallon, the alert President of the Antigo Association department of the Wisconsin Telephone Company in Milwaukee. He later became manager of the Janes- ville (Wis.) telephone industry, was then transferred to Chicago for a short duration following which he was promoted to the position of chief inspector of the Central Union Telephone Company, Dixon, 111. He returned to Wisconsin later to become the chief con- tract agent for the Wisconsin Telephone Company from where he was called to Sheboygan to become manager of the Sheboygan Telephone Company. In 1916 Mr. Gallon assumed the active management of the Antigo Telephone Corporation, which he still holds. WALTER J. GAI.LOX The President of the .Association of Commerce of .Antigo. General- Manager of the Antigo Telephone Corporation, and leader in community advancement played a prominent part in local activities during the late \A'orld War. of Commerce and General Manager of the Antigo Tel- ephone Corporation. Through marked ability and con- scientious devotion to duty he has climbed from ob- scurity to a position of prominence in the telephone world. Walter J. Gallon was born in England in 1873, the son of John Gallon. He received an elementary gram- mar school education and when a youth started out in life on his own merits. He came to the United States in 1896 and in the fall of that year came to Wisconsin. For three years he worked in various vo- cations until 1899 when he began in the construction He has been active in all civic and commercial wel- fare movements in Antigo and it is to his credit that the present Antigo Association of Commerce was or- ganized. He has been President of the Association of Commerce since its organization in 1916. During the World War Mr. Gallon took an active part in all local activities, including the Liberty Loan, Red Cross, Victory Fund, and other drives. He gained distinction as a patriot during the war for his scathing denunciation of all things un-Ameri- can. Mr. Gallon is a member of the Executive Com- mittee, Antigo Chapter, American Red Cross. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 339 Mr. Gallon was married on November 10, 1910, to Clara Lea. They reside at 615 Second avenue, Antigo. Fraternally he is a member of all Masonic orders, including the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery, and he is also a member of the Benevolent and Pro- tective Order of Elks. JOHN SIPEK. The name of John Sipek has been y associated with activities in Langlade County since 1881. The father of the subject of this sketch, John Sipek, Jr., was born in Centerville township, Manito- woc County, Wisconsin, on June 19, 1860, the son of Joseph and Anna (Rine) Sipek. He settled in Neva township, Langlade County, resided there some nine years, clearing about sixty acres. On February 8, 1885, he was married to Emma Skarivoda, a native of Manitowoc County, who was the daughter of Anton and Elizabeth (Krache) Skarivoda, who were among the pioneer settlers of Manitowoc County. During the spring of 1890 Mr. Sipek retired from his farm and purchased property in Antigo, where he kept a hotel, now known as Martiny's Hotel, Edison street. Mr. and Mrs. Sipek had four children, Matilda, Alvina and John, living, and Joseph, who died when two years of age. John Sipek, Jr., was born in Antigo on July 5, 1893. He attended the public schools of Antigo and grad- uated from the Antigo High School with the class of 1912. He then started in the plumbing business and for nine months was associated with Joseph Hoefer. He then began as a journeyman plumber with Louis Peters and has since been with Mr. Peters in that business. Mr. Sipek was united in marriage on September 2, 1916, to Anna Fischer. He resides at 600 Badger avenue, Antigo. Fra- ternally he is a member of Charter Oak Lodge, No. 150, Knights of Pythias. The Sipek family is regarded as one of the oldest Langlade County families, having been in the county four years before the city of Antigo was incorporated. ENDRE NOREM. Among the pioneer families of Langlade County whose members have contributed materially to the progress and development of the county, none is more highly esteemed than that of Norem, whose history is commensurate with that of Price township. Endre Norem, the subject of this sketch, was born in Christiansand, Norway, on Aug- ust 7, 1864. Like the Viking of old, young Norem wanted to sail the seas. He made three trips to the United States, the last one which he decided to lo- cate in this country. Previously he had visited the West Indies and New Orleans. He settled in Brown County, at Ft. Howard, to where he came direct from New York. From there Mr. Norem went to Angelica, Shawano Count3^ Wisconsin, and secured employment in the woods. He settled in Price town- ship, Langlade County, in September, 1889. He was employed for a time by N. C. Bruce at Kent as a bookkeeper. Mr. Bruce was then manager of the Henry Sherry interests at that place. For eight years he followed this employment, until 1897. Mr. Norem then moved to Bryant and engaged in real estate, merchandise and a general logging business, which has, during the time since, flourished and ex- panded. Mr. Norem was married in 1901 to Edna Mildred Mills, of Brown County, Wisconsin, to which union seven children — four boys and three girls — were born. Two of his sons served during the World War in the United States Navy, and Mr. Norem took an active part in all patriotic drives and campaigns in the county during the conflict. One son served on the battleship Nevada and the other in the U. S. N. aviation. Endre Norem has served as postmaster of Bryant for a quarter of a century, longer than any other postmaster in Langlade County, and there are few who can equal this period of service. He was origin- ally appointed by President William McKinley. He has been Township Treasurer and has held other po- sitions of public trust. In 1895 Mr. Norem became associated with F. H. Van Ostrand. His brother, Ernest Norem, became a member of the concern in 1898. Mr. Van Ostrand sold his interests to Norem Brothers in 1905. The con- cern was incorporated to do a mercantile, real estate and forest and farm produce business in 1904. Fraternally Endre Norem is a member of the Ma- sonic orders, the Elks and M. W. A. lodges. He is a typical example of what thrift, ambition, integrity and good character can do toward a successful career. WILLIAM F. INGS, Superintendent of The Antigo Gas Company, was born in Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, on June 6, 1884, the son of Henry and Ella (Fletcher) Irgs. He was the first of three children. When he was six weeks old he moved with his parents to the city of Antigo. Here he at- tended the public schools and the Antigo High School. Following his school days he began working on his father's farm in Antigo township and stayed there un- til 1907. He then began employment with the Antigo Gas Company, rising to the important position of Superintendent, which he now holds. It was managed by Oliver B. Kohl when Mr. Ings first started with the utility fifteen years ago. William F. Ings was married to Bessie Horn, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Ernest Horn, on June 6, 1906, and to this union three children. Marvel, Max- ine and John, have been born. The Ings residence is at 114 Field street, Antigo, Wisconsin. When off duty Mr. Ings likes nothing better than rambling off to a sparkling trout stream or to spend a week in the timber during deer hunting season. Henry Ings, pioneer Antigo township resident, was for many years a public official and served with credit as County Treasurer of Langlade County. The Ings family has a wide acquaintance in and about the county. 340 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. CHARLES E. HENSHAW. In the earlier history of this country, there are many notable accounts of the trials and brave sacrifices of those who are num- bered among the industrial pioneers of certain dis- tricts. The tide of civilization was then ever moving westward, and as soon as a section of country was fairly developed, there would always be some venture- some and hardy souls eager to pass still farther to- ward the frontier, making new boundary lines for the outposts of civilization. Without these rugged peo- ple the United States would not today stretch from age. He sacrificed his life for the cause of the North, being killed in action in 1865. Wharton Henshaw lies at rest in Franklin, Indiana. Charles E. Henshaw was but a boy when, with his parents, he left his place of nativity in the Pan-Handle state, settling in Wooster, Ohio. The family moved successively from Ohio to Missouri, thence to Indiana and from there to Kansas, which was then in the threes of the great contest over organization precipi- tated by the Kansas-Nebraska bill. Returning to In- diana, the family located at Franklin, and it was here CHARLES E. HENSHAW Pioneer Antigo manufacturer, who with John J. Kingsbury, started in business in Antigo in 1S90. Mr. Henshaw, Ijesides his local commercial activities, is a Director of the American Founders' Security Company, X'ice-Presidcnt of the Talge Mahogany Company of Indianapolis and an associate Director in the Old Line Life Insurance Company of -America. coast to coast, from the Canadian boundary to the gulf, but would be clustered along the seaboard of tht Atlantic. Among those who faced the perils of the west in this early period was the Henshaw family. Charles E. Henshaw, pioneer Antigo manufacturer, was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia, on September 14, 1849, the son of Anderson F. and Margaret (Busey) Henshaw. He was the second of two children, both of whom were boys. At the outbreak of the Civil War Wharton, the other son, joined the L^nion Army, enlisting in Wilder's Mounted Infantry of Indiana when but fifteen years of that Charles received his education, consisting of the common school curriculum of that day, supplemented only by the fact that youths were largely dependent upon their own resourcefulness then. At the age of fifteen, in the year 1864, he began work in the Premium Flour Mills of Franklin, being there employed for four years, during which time he thoroughly familiarized himself with the flour and grist business. From. 1868 until he became proprietor of his first flour mill, at Trafalgar, Indiana, Mr. Henshaw was employed in the flour business at various places in Indiana. In 1882, having closed his business at HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 341 Trafalgar, he began operations at Marcus, Iowa, and he was there until 1885. The Henshaw family then moved northward to Medford, Wisconsin, where the subject of this sketch entered the employ of the A. J. Perkins & Son flour mill. Mr. Henshaw had previous- ly lost his entire business at Marcus, Iowa, in a disas- trous fire. His task of rehabilitation was difficult and for five years he stayed at Medford with the same concern. Becoming acquainted with John J. Kingsbury, a lum- berman, the matter of a partnership was discussed and an organization effected prior to July, 1890, when the Henshaw family moved from Medford to Antigo. John J. Kingsbury and Charles E. Henshaw erected a grist mill in Antigo then. The firm was known as the Antigo Roller Mills. About seven years later the Kingsbury & Henshaw Lumber Company was organ- ized and a sawmill, one of the substantial manufactur- ing institutions of Langlade County, was erected. The Company thrived and prospered, giving employment to many Antigo people, during the long span of years which was broken on August 2, 1917, by the untimely death of Mr. Kingsbury. The firm is now known as the Henshaw Lumber Company. For about two years after Mr. Kingsbury's death it was known as the Hen- shaw-Worden Lumber Company. The roller mills dis- continued operations sometime previously. Mr. Henshaw was married to Jennie Roberts, a daughter of Andrew and Sarah (Nelson) Roberts, of Carlisle, Indiana, on May 27, 1872, and to this union four children were born, namely: Louise, born on October 11, 1875. She was married to A. M. Arveson on September 11, 1901, and they had five children, all of whom are living. On October 18, 1920, Mrs. Arve- son passed away in the prime of life. She is at rest in the Elmwood Cemetery, Antigo. Jessie, the second child, was born on April 1, 1877, and on September 22, 1897, married C .W. Talge. They reside at Los Angeles, California. Mabelle, born on March 20, 1890, was united in mar- riage to C. T. Te Selle, of Antigo, on October 11, 1916, and they have two children, Janette and Clarence John. Nellie Henshaw, another daughter, died in infancy and is buried at Marcus, Iowa. Anderson F. Henshaw passed away on October 11, 1888, and is buried at Medford, Wisconsin, where he died. Over a quarter of a century later his wife fol- lowed him in death, she passing away at Antigo on November 14, 1914. She is buried at Medford also. Charles E. Henshaw, besides his local business con- nections, is Vice President of the Talge Mahogany Company, of Indianapolis, Indiana; is a Director of the American Founders' Security Company and an Asso- ciate Director in the Old Line Life Insurance Company of America, the latter two organizations having head- quarters in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mr. Henshaw finds no time to enter politics as a seeker after personal preferment but in 1901-02 he was inducted into service as an Alderman, being thereupon selected as Chairman of the City Finance Committee. In him good government and ideal citizenship have al- ways found a staunch friend and supporter as do move- ments tending to advance the cause of education, civic enterprises, morality and general progress. As an avocation he finds keen delight in spending a few days at his cottage on the shores of Post Lake, Wisconsin, or in whiling away an hour or two in some clear, sparkling trout stream, of which Langlade Coun- ty has many. ARCHIE SPENCER, a pioneer Antigo citizen, was born at Fremont, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, on September 3, 1874, the son of Benjamin and Pricilla Spencer. He moved to the village of Antigo when a youth, his parents being among the first settlers in Antigo. This was in the fall of 1881 when the Milwau- kee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad pierced north to Aniwa and thence to Antigo. At that time James Quinn and a man by the name of Mr. Hahn hauled the worldly belongings of the Spencer family with two yokes of cattle to the place where the J. H. Weed mill was erected just south of the city of Antigo. Ben Spencer, the father of Archie Spencer, was fore- man in the woods for various lumber concerns in Langlade County and Mrs. Ben Spencer cooked for the lumber concerns. In the year 1882 Ben Spencer bought two corner lots where the Hill building now stands (at the intersection of Fifth avenue and Edison street) from F. A. Deleglise, paying $33 apiece for the lots. Ben Spencer started the Spencer House, one of the leading Antigo hotels for many years, which was operated until 1895, when the Spencers sold to George W. Hill. Archie Spencer used to cut wood on the lots now the site of the Antigo postoffice. As a youth Archie Spencer attended the public schools and the Antigo High School. He also at- tended Daggett's Business College, Oshkosh, Wiscon- sin. Leaving school he followed the call of the woods, becoming an expert woodsman and river driv- er. He took part in many of the picturesque river drives of pioneer days when the great pineries were being slashed by the lumber barons of Wisconsin, many of whom in their greed for gold and pine left the country in a desolate state. Archie Spencer was married to Mary Harvey of Shawano, Wisconsin, on July 12, 1895, and to this union ten children were born, namely: John, Har- vey, Clyde, Clara, Pricilla, Wesley, Odean, Loean, Ida, May and William H. Archie Spencer has found time to participate in public affairs besides attending to the arduous task of caring for a family. He was School Clerk in an Ainsworth township district, and while a resident of that township was once a town Supervisor. He was once a candidate for Sheriff on the Democratic ticket and secured that party's nomination for that office. Fraternally he is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. During 1922 he was en- gaged in farming on two hundred acres in Elton town- ship on sections 7 and 8. He has been a resident of Langlade County since 1881. The Spencers now reside in Antigo. 342 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. THOMAS W. LESLIE, whose name in Langlade County is the synonym of progressiveness, liberality and honesty of purpose, has been a resident of this county for over forty years during which time he has built himself up an honored reputation and a good name. Mr. Leslie is a native of Hortonville, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, where he was born on August 24, 1856, the son of Hugh and Dorothy (McComb) Leslie, who were the parents of eight children. The subject of this review attended the rural schools of Hortonville, having received a common school edu- cation. He then began to make his own way in the world and became a well driller and pump dealer. He followed this occupation in and adjacent to Hortonville until 1879 when he came to Langlade County. Until 1883 he was associated with Niels Anderson, the first merchant of Antigo, in the well drilling and pump busi- ness. Retiring from the pump business in 1883, Mr. Leslie devoted his entire attention to his farm in An- tigo (Springbrook township). When he secured his farm it was in control of Shawano County as New County was then attached to that county for county and judicial purposes. He moved into the city of Antigo from Antigo township in 1891 and has since been a resi- dent of the city, where he has been engaged in the real estate and loan business for thirty-one years. He has also spent considerable time in looking over lands and conducting logging operations during winter months. Thomas W. Leslie was united in marriage to Miss Anna Dvorak, the daughter of Frank and Philomena Dvorak. To this union six children were born, two of whom are deceased. Those living are Blanche, now Mrs. Edward Lackerman, of Rolling township, Lang- lade County; Robert, now at Hiles, Forest County, Wisconsin; Myra, now Mrs. Joseph Scholey, of Los Angeles, California; and Mabel, of Antigo, Wisconsin. The Leslie residence Is at 1444 Clermont street, An- tigo, Wisconsin. Fraternally he is a member of the Beavers Reserve Fund Fraternity and the Equitable Fraternal Union. During pioneer days Mr. Leslie op- erated a general store at Deerbrook for a short time. This was one of the first stores in that part of the county. He had previously been associated with a brother, Sam Leslie, in a store at Tigerton, Wisconsin. During the World War the Leslie family did its part. Robert was a member of the 22nd Base Hospital, U. S. A., and served from May 27, 1917, to April 23, 1919. He was overseas from June 2, 1918, to April 2, 1919. Mabel E. Leslie served as a nurse, having enlisted on November 11, 1919. HUGH B. MUTTART, a prominent Antigo mer- chant, was born in Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, on August 22, 1882, the son of William and Helen (McCarthy) Muttart. William Muttart was born in Canada and Helen McCarthy Muttart was a native of Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, where the McCarthy family was among the early pioneers of the district. The father followed the trade of a well driller in the state for many years until his death in March, 1911. H. B. Muttart was reared in Oshkosh where he at- tended the public schools. He followed the printer's trade for four years following his public school ca- reer. He then went to Milwaukee to take up the study of embalming under Professor Williams in his College of Embalming. Returning to Oshkosh he successfully passed the state examinations and in 1904 he located at Antigo in the undertaking and embalm- ing business. In this work he continued alone until 1912 when a consolidation of three well known Anti- go business houses took place, forming the Antigo Furniture & Undertaking Company, of which Mr. Mut- tart became President. A. D. Stewart and Rudolph Kratche were the other members of the original firm. This firm progressed and made an excellent showing in the business. In the fall of 1918 T. T. McGillan of Appleton became a member of the firm, which has since been known as Muttart & McGillan Furniture and Undertaking Company. H. B. Muttart was married in 1908 to Miss Mary Hoffman, daughter of Joseph Hoffman, proprietor of The Hoffman House. Two children, Helen and Mary, have been born to them. H. B. Muttart is a member of the Roman Catholic church, as is his wife and children. He is a member of the Knights of Colum- bus, the Fraternal Order of Eagles, The Loyal Order of Moose. PAUL J. MILLARD, former Postmaster, and now Assistant Postmaster, was born on June 23, 1859, at Wausau, Wisconsin, the son of Burton and Harriet (Crown) Millard. He received a common school ed- ucation. When a young man he came to Antigo, in August, 1882, from Wausau, and, with his brother, A. B. Millard, a prominent pioneer, became the proprietor of The Weekly News Item, serving as one of the own- ers until 1893. He served as Postmaster from April 23, 1893, to June 30, 1897, and on July 21, 1901, was appointed Assistant Postmaster, which position he has served in since. Mr. Millard has been a member of the City Council and also a member of the Board of Education. Fra- ternally he is a charter member of Antigo Lodge No. 231, F. & A. M.; Antigo Chapter No. 64, R. A. M., and Antigo Commandery No. 31, K. T. He was married on December 26, 1884, at Royalton, Wisconsin, to Hattie M. Waite. Four children w<-re born to this union, Glenn E., Arnold B. (deceased), Paul V. and Harriet E. The Millard residence is at 718 Graham Avenue, Antigo. HENRY BERNER. The history of Langlade Coun- ty would be incomplete without a resume of the life activities of Henry Berner, the President of Berner Brothers Publishing Company. He was born in the town of Gibson, Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, on June 10, 1878, the son of Henry and Caroline Berner. When five years of age he moved with his parents to Antigo where he attended the public schools and the Antigo High School. Leaving school he began his HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 343 career as an employe for the Weekly News Item and was with that publication for three years. It was then located where Mrs. A. R. Winters now has her grocery store. Mr. Berner then secured employment on The Antigo Republican and was with that paper from 1895 until 1899 when he went to Columbus, Wis- consin, where, with his brother, Fred L. Berner, he took over the Columbus Democrat. He returned to Antigo in 1901 and with his brother took over the Antigo Journal, then a weekly paper, purchasing the same from George W. Hill. The Journal has grown to be one of the best news and advertising mediums of a teacher in the Menasha public schools; Henry, Jr., a student at the University of Wisconsin; Artemus, of Antigo; Thelma, a student; Lynn, who passed away on October 4, 1922, following fatal injuries received in an automobile accident; Leland, who died on Oc- tober 5, 1908. Both Lynn and Leland are buried in the Antigo cemetery. Fraternally Mr. Berner is affiliated with The Bea- vers Reserve Fund Fraternity, The Knights of Pyth- ias, The Modern Woodmen of America and the Sons of Veterans. He is the Secretary of the Langlade County Fair Association, and for twelve years, (1910- HENRY BERNER President and General Manager of Berner Brothers Publishing Com- pany has been a strong asset to that leading firm, which has forged ahead commensurate with the progress of .'\ntigo and vicinity. this section of the state through the business princi- ples that the brothers followed during the span of twenty years they have had charge of The Journal. Mr. Berner is now the general manager of the large printing plant at 533 Superior street. Henry Berner was united in marriage to Elizabeth Yeager, of Marshfield, on December 19, 1899. To this union six children were born. They are Dorothy, now 1922), was oil inspector for this district. He is also a member of the Antigo Association of Commerce. The Berner residence is at 423 Tenth avenue, Antigo. A. H. BERENDSEN is one of the oldest and most respected citizens in Langlade County. He was born in the town of Freedom, Outagamie County, Wiscon- sin, on July 25, 1869. He came to Langlade County 344 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. from the town of Freedom on November 10, 1882, with three cows and five head of young stock. A yoke of oxen were hitched to his heavy wagon. Twelve days later he arrived at the Henry Hersant farm, Nor- wood township. Because of difficulties with the cat- tle it was necessary for him to leave the cattle at a place owned by Joseph Schnorich, now the site of the E. E. Hemingway home at Mattoon, Wisconsin. John Menting and Gerard Berendsen made the trip with the subject of this sketch. With no roads and about a sixteen inch fall of snow it was difficult for these sturdy pioneers to find their way about. The father of Mr. Berendsen, Theodore Berendsen, homesteaded on section 25, township 30, range 12 east. This place has since been known as the Bernard Berendsen farm and is situated one-half mile east of Phlox. Mr. Berendsen recalls well when in the spring of 1883 he came in to Antigo with a yoke of oxen to do some trading at the Niels Arderson store, the first store in Antigo. He also went over to the depot to see a train pull into Antigo — then this was considered an event of great importance (the approach of an airplane is regarded with less significance by Anti- go people now). Mr. Berendsen stayed on the homestead for some- time helping clear land, until he was sixteen years of age. Then as his parents were in need of some money he went to work at the carpenter trade. He earned ten dollars per month and board. He later secured work from Joseph St. Louis and son, Frank St. Louis, who had a mill at Phlox. After working there until the fall of 1888 he went to work for the Mattoon Manufacturing Company putting in bridges and cul- verts on the railroad between Mattoon and Aniwa. He was employed as camp foreman, carpenter and lumber inspector until the spring of 1898. He then entered the employ of G. B. Lesch as a lumber inspector and was with him until he went out of business in this territory, in the fall of 1900. Mr. Berendsen then en- tered the employ of the G. W. Jones Lumber Company of Appleton, Wisconsin, on November 1, 1900, and was with them until January 1, 1921, a period of twenty years and two months. He has been dealing in lands and forest products on his own initiative since. Mr. Berendsen was married to Rosalia M. Hones at Phlox on June 2, 1921. He is a Catholic by faith and fraternally is affiliated with the B. P. 0. E. and the Catholic Order of Foresters. The Berendsen family moved from Mattoon to Antigo in June, 1899, and has resided here since. A. H. Berendsen, dur- ing these many years, has won the respect and confi- dence of a score of citizens. WILLIAM READER. Former Assemblyman and Register of Deeds, was born in Stockbridge township, Calumet County, May 16, 1864, son of John Reader. He moved with his parents to Menominee, where the family stayed for one year. August 20, 1882, he moved to Ackley township (now Peck township) where he settled on a farm. Here he held several respons- ible town offices, including the Chairmanship of Peck township for seven years. In 1900 he was elected Register of Deeds of Langlade County. Then he sold his farm and moved into Antigo. He served with credit as Register of Deeds from January, 1901, to 1909, when he was elected a member of the Assembly. Mr. Reader framed the bill making Langlade a separ- ate Assembly district and Marathon and Langlade Counties a Senatorial district in 1911. Mr. Reader purchased the Market Square Hotel in 1913 from the Langlade Bank and has been its proprietor since. \VILL1.\M RE.\DER Pioneer Langlade County Citizen, former Register of Deeds, former .Assemblyman, and now proprietor of the ifarket Square Hotel, the reconstructed Springbrook House, Antigo's first hotel. This hotel is the reconstructed Springbrook House, pioneer Antigo "stopping place of 79". Mr. Reader was married June 11, 1892, at Wrightstown, Outagamie County, to Mary McCabe. Three sons, John, George and Merritt, and one daughter, Irene, were born to this union. All three sons are veterans of the World War. Mr. Reader is a member of the Catholic For- esters and the American Hotel Association. He is an upright business man, a fearless advocate for those things that tend to benefit the community, and is high- ly regarded by scores of friends throughout the county. PERRY McINTOSH. Born in Fitzgerald, Georgia, May 13, 1895, son of Charles and Viola Mcintosh. Came to Antigo in 1915. Married Mary Poinkowski September 8, 1919, to which union two children have been born, a boy and a girl. Employed as brakeman with the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. Noted wrestler of middle west. Has engaged in wrestling bouts with such able men as John Meyers, Louis Tal- aber, Wjonne Kattoonin, Witt, Sanders, Alex Kazaan, Sam Chapman, British champion. Van Worden of Can- ada, Kid Sperenio of Illinois, Bob Langford of Virginia. Total matches engaged in is 156 with between six to eight that were lost. His first match was in 1913 with Alex Kazaan, whom he defeated. Mr. Mcintosh is a member of Antigo Council No. 1002 K. of C, and of Antigo Lodge 662 B. P. O. E. In wrestling he was trained under George and Fred Belle, who was once world champion, having defeated Frank Gotch. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 345 WILL C. BRAWLEY. The editor of a widely read, interesting and substantial newspaper always plays a leading role in the advancement of a community. Will C. Brawley, the genial editor of the Antigo Her- ald and General Manager of the Langlade Printing Company enjoys that prestige in Antigo and vicinity. Mr. Brawley, a veteran journalist, has been engaged Ashland Daily News. Mr. Brawley was also a staff writer on the original Chicago Herald, established by James W. Scott, and for a time was political writer on the old LaCrosse Chronicle and the Oconto Enter- prise.. In 1919, with William F. Kasson, he purchased the Antigo Herold, German language publication, and WILL C. BRAWLEY Editor of the Antigo Herald, and prominent Wisconsin Democrat, who has been a member or Secretarj' of the Democratic State Central Committee for twenty-seven years. Mr. Mrawley was chosen as a delegate to four Democratic National Conventions. in publicity work for forty years. His first venture in journalism was the launching of The Yellow River Lumberman at Necedah. The publication was later transferred to Mauston, Wisconsin. He later sold the Mauston Sun, the mechanical department of which was transferred to Pierre, S. D. With Jeremiah C. Murphy he then established the changed it to the present English language publica- tion. The Antigo Herald. The editorials from The Herald are frequently copied by leading state papers. Through the late Governor Peck, of Wisconsin, Mr. Brawley represented the Ways and Means Committee of the Democratic National Committee in the last Bryan campaign and in the interests of that Committee 346 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. made a tour of the state of Iowa. He was for twenty years Secretary and a member of the Democratic State Central Committee and attended four National Conventions as a delegate. J. C. LEWIS, a prominent pioneer, former President of the First National Bank and Chairman of the Board of Directors of that institution, with which he has been connected for many years, was born in Co- lumbia County, Wisconsin, on July 8, 1856, the son of H. 0. and Elizabeth (Jones) Lewis, both of whom were natives of Wales. The Lewis' lived on a farm J. C. LEWIS Pioneer merchant, leading banker and a prominent citizen in all public activities was one of the leading figures in the fight to incorporate the city of Antigo. Mr. Lewis has held many important official positions in the cit3' and county. in Columbia County for some time before moving to Portage, Wisconsin, where the father took up work as a blacksmith and dealer in implements. It was in Portage, Wisconsin, that J. C. Lewis gained the main parts of his education. At the age of twenty-two he had completed an apprenticeship to the tinsmith's trade, and going to Waupaca he worked at his trade there in the branch store of the man with whon he learned his work. Three and a half years he continued there and then went to Merrill, Wisconsin, as manager of a hardware store at that place. From Merrill he moved to Antigo and established himself in the hardware business, the J. C. Lewis Hardware Company being the foundation of the present Antigo Hardware. It was not long before the thriftiness and industriousness of Mr. Lewis began to assert themselves in the little village of Antigo. Mr. Lewis erected the fine brick building now occupied by the Antigo Hardware. In 1887 he built the structure now known as the Odd Fellows building, intersection of Fifth avenue and Clermont street. Mr. Lewis has been worthily connected with many of the leading financial and industrial enterprises that have had their inception in Antigo. The public life of J. C. Lewis has been one of long and devoted service to Antigo and Langlade County. In 1887-88 he was County Treasurer and rendered valuable services in that position. He has served as Chairman of the County Board and as a member of the School Board. He also was an Alderman under the aldermanic system of government in Antigo, and was Secretary of the old Antigo Telephone Company organization. Mr. Lewis was married in Waupaca, Wisconsin, to Miss G. Lord, the daughter of George L. Lord, and to this union five children were born: Bessie, J. Parrish, now a partner in the Grossman-Lewis Company, Mil- waukee, stock and bond company; Martha and Hugh Lewis. One child died in infancy. J. C. Lewis, during his many years of residence in Antigo, has proven himself a dependable citizen whose energies and best efforts have been put forth unreservedly for the general welfare of the city. He is a 32nd degree Mason and a Shriner. The Lewis residence is on Clermont street, Antigo. ADRIAN SCHILLEMAN. From the old world there has come to America thousands of thrifty and substantial people willing to become citizens of the United States and to do what they can to make this nation a haven for the oppressed of the war torn coun- tries across the sea. The parents of Adrian Schille- man, the subject of this sketch, were natives of Hol- land and came to this country before the birth of this subject. Adrian Schilleman was born in New York state in 1844. When a young man he moved with his parents westward soon settling in the state of Wiscon- sin at Cedar Grove, Sheboygan County. Here he was married in 1872 to Mary Serier, born in 1853. The Schilleman family consisted of ten children, two girls and eight boys: Edward, of Casper, Wyoming; Wil- liam, of Hollister; Anton, Lac du Flambeau; Jake, Wabeno; John, who died in October, 1916; Walter, of Mercer; Alvin, of Marshfield; Emma, now Mrs. V. Hill, of Waukesha; Nettie, now Mrs. Charles Loper, of Antigo; and Irving, of Antigo. They moved to Langlade County from Gillette, Shawano County, in 1908. Mr. Schilleman owned four farms in Langlade County, two southeast of An- tigo and two west of Antigo. He now resides on his farm southeast of Antigo. Irving Schilleman was born at Cecil, Shawano Coun- ty, Wisconsin, on March 8, 1896, the son of Mary and Adrian Schilleman. He attended the Hunter Grange and Heineman Country Schools. When a youth he began as an apprentice in the mechanical department of The Weekly News Item of Antigo in 1911 and has since been with the following printing establishments: Ironwood Times; Bessmer (Mich.) Herald; Shawano Journal; Casper (Wyo.) Daily Press and the Antigo Daily Journal, which he has been with for three years. Irving Schilleman was married to Irma Foltz, of Antigo, in 1918. To this union one son, Marvin, has been born. Mr. Schilleman is a member of the Antigo Typographical Union. Irving Schilleman resides on Tenth avenue, Antigo. HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 347 J. WERNER. A resident of Wisconsin since 1899, J. Werner has lived a career not crowded with varied experiences but marked, nevertheless, by ventures of extent and importance, characterized at all times by the strictest integrity and adherence to honorable busi- ness methods, and stamped with the approval of all with whom he has come in contact. Mr. Werner was born in Russia, on June 15, 1877, the son of Moses and Esther (Rosenberg) Werner. He received an elemen- tary and high school education following which he be- gan as a law clerk with one of the leading law firms of his community. It was his intention to become thoroughly acquainted with the law and eventually to become a lawyer, but unfortunately conditions in Rus- sia at that time placed too many technical as well as actual obstacles in his path. When twenty-two years of age Mr. Werner settled in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he started in business selling ladies' ready-to-wear apparel. He has followed this field since and in September, 1916, he opened Wer- ner's Shop for Ladies at 728 Fifth avenue, Antigo, which he has since conducted with success. Mr. Werner was married on October 20, 1907, to Rebecca Cohen, of Chicago, Illinois, and to this union one child, Millette Esther, now nine years of age, was born. The Werners reside in the Schneiter flat on Sec- ond avenue. Fraternally J. Werner is a member of Charter Oak Lodge No. 150, Knights of Pythias. H. B. KELLOGG. Belonging to a family that ha:^ made Langlade County its home since the days of the first pioneers in 1875 and members of which have been identified with the substantial growth of this section of the state since then is H. B. Kellogg, President of the T. D. Kellogg Lumber & Manufacturing Company, a pioneer Antigo institution. H. B. Kellogg w.i-; born in Rockton, Illinois, on July 4th, 1859, the son of Thomas David and Harriet (Buffum) Kellogg. His father was a native of Connecticut and Mrs. Kellogg was a native of New York state. When but two years old Mr. Kellogg moved with his parents to Appleton, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, where his father was engaged in the operation of a first class flour mill. The Kellogg family moved from Ap- pleton to Stevensville, located in the same county and it was at that place and the Appleton High School where young Kellogg received his education. In the year 1875 Thomas D. Kellogg moved to the territory in Oconto County, later to become New Coun- ty, and that year he rented a saw mill from Thomas M. Dobbs, who had erected the first mill in the county two years previously, 1873. Mr. Kellogg moved the mill to the "burnt section", near Langlade, and later to Lily, then called New. The old Kellogg place on the Military Road is still pointed out to passers-by at this day as the "Kellogg farm". Horace B. Kellogg began as a teacher in the terri- tory that was to become Langlade County, he being one of the very first teachers in the first Langlade Coun- ty school, located on section 3, township 31, Range 14 East. He also taught at Gagen, his pupils being James, Henry and John Gagen. Since then he has followed the lumber business, being initiated into that industry in the days of the pine conquests on the Wolf River. He logged on both the Wolf river and Pickerel Creek, being associated with his father, T. D. Kellogg, up to the time of the latter^s death, in 1903. The Kelloggs moved to Antigo in March, 1883, and H. B. KELLOGG Who began lumber operations in the territory now com- prising Langlade County, with his father, the late T. D. Kellogg. T. D. Kellogg purchased Thomas M. Dobbs' sawmill in 1S7.5. the following winter T. D. Kellogg and his son pur- chasd the old Novotny Brothers mill, this being the first sawmill in Antigo. They operated a mill for many years on this site, selling in 1905 to J. H. Worden. The T. D. Kellogg Lumber & Manufacturing Com- pany was organized with T. D. Kellogg as President in 1890 and he remained at the head of that firm until his death. H. B. Kellogg has since been President of the concern, which has offices at 619 Superior street, Antigo. Besides being at the head of a large lumber industry Mr. Kellogg is identified with the First Na- tional Bank of Antigo, and since July, 1922, has been President of that institution. He previously served as Vice President, being selected for that office in 1902. He has been a director of the bank since 1910. Mi. Kellogg has also served as a member of the Board of Education, as did his father, after whom the Kellogg (First Ward) is named. Fraternally he is a member of the Masonic orders. June 20, 1883, Mr. Kellogg was married to Mary Bauter at Appleton. Four children were born to this union, namely, Helen, who died in 1904, and who is buried beside her grandparents and her great-grandpar- ents, Mr. and Mrs. Hudson Kellogg, in the Kellogg family lot in the Antigo cemetery; Myrtie V., now Mrs. Ralph Krause, of Seattle, Washington; Thomas D., Superintendent of the Polar mills of the T. D. Kel- logg concern; and Horace B., Jr., who assists his father in the management of the Antigo office. During the World War the Kelloggs proved them- 348 HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. selves stern patriots.. Both Thomas D.. and Horace, Jr., served in the U. S. Army and were honorably dis- charged in 1918 and 1919 respectively. THOMAS D. KELLOGG. Born August 5, 1889, son of Horace B. and Mary Kellogg, and a grandson of T. D. Kellogg, pioneer Langlade County lumber- man. Attended the Antigo public schools, graduated from the Antigo High School in 1908, attended Law- rence College. Took charge of the Polar township mill and other business affairs of the T. D. Kellogg Lumber & Mfg. Co. in 1909. September 1. 1915, was married to Lettie Uhlman, of Willston, N. D. Thomas B. Kellogg is a veteran of the World War, being honorably discharged December 31, 1918. He is a member of the B. P. 0. E. lodge. AUGUST A. LUECK. There is probably no more exacting vocation than that of the modern optometrist and pharmacist. A man of thorough training and ab- solute reliability, he must also be a master of several occupations beside his own, and to make a success of his enterprise must be capable, courteous in manner and ready to serve the long hours that the vocation demands. The most widely known optometrist and pharmacist in Langlade County is August A. Lueck, one of the leading figures in his vocation in the United States. Mr. Lueck was born on August 12, 1875, at Tomah, Wisconsin, the son of Mr. and Mrs. Julius Fred Lueck. As a boy he attended the public schools in Tomah and at fourteen years began working for the Thayer Drug Company, serving six and a half years. He later attended the Chicago School of Pharmacy, 1894- 96, graduating then. This school is a department of the University of Illinois. Following engagement for a half year by H. J. O'Connor, at Whitewater, Mr. Lueck, in December, 1898, took the state board exam- ination at Milwaukee, was successful and was then awarded full registered papers as a druggist. He lo- cated at Merrill, and until September, 1897, was em- ployed by F. H. Hillyer, when he then moved to An- tigo to manage Spencer's Drug Store, and after four- teen years, he purchased the entire business, since known as Lueck's Drug Store. In August, 1915, he was appointed a member of the Wisconsin Board of Examiners in Optometry, was re-appointed by Gov- ernor E. L. Phillip on July 28, 1920, his term expiring on August 9, 1925. He is a member of the Wisconsin Association of Optometrists, President of the State Board of Optometry for two years. President of the Wisconsin Association of Optometry and is a Director of the same. He has made addresses on Optometry and has conducted three dissecting clinics in Wiscon- sin. He has lectured frequently in and out of the state and his lectures are quoted by nation-wide optom- etry mediums. Mr. Lueck married on September 3, 1903, to Hattie Delia Buffum, of Buffalo, N. Y., and they have two children, Irvin Buffum and Mildred Lucile. During the World War he was a member of the Cit- izens' Training Camp and Sergeant of the Day upon return of the 107th Trench Mortar Battery, was a mem- ber of the old Commercial Club, being Chairman of its Rural Relations Committee, and is now a leading mem- ber of the Antigo Association of Commerce. FRED W. BAUTER. The pioneers of Langlade have done their work and the result of their efforts is shown today in magnificent farms, cities, modern schools and well maintained highways of communica- tion. Photography was in existence in that early day and to Fred W. Bauter, the pioneer Antigo photog- rapher, has fallen the lot to preserve the memory and faces of these hardy folk. Mr. Bauter was born in Appleton, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, on Septem- ber 6, 1869. His father died when he was six months old. He attended the Appleton public schools and when fourteen years of age came to Antigo, in 1883. He attended school in Antigo and spent a year in the Antigo High School. In 1885 he began as an appren- tice to Morgan Brothers, who conducted a photograph gallery where Muttart-McGillan Company's Clermont street entrance is now located. By working faithfully for Morgan Brothers and later for R. Leutsker, who purchased out Morgan Brothers, Mr. Bauter mastered his vocation. About 1890 he purchased the gallery from R. Leutsker and has been in the photography business in Antigo ever since, being for about twenty years in his present location, 519 Superior street. Mr. Bauter was married to Ida Hudson, of Green Bay, Brown County, Wisconsin, on September 28, 1897. They have one child. Dale, a Senior in the Antigo High School. Fraternally Mr. Bauter is a member of the council, chapter and Blue Lodge, Masonic orders, and Charter Oak Lodge No. 150, Knights of Pythias. He served as Alderman from the Second Ward in 1905-06. The Bauters attend the First Congregational Church of An- tigo. Mr. Bauter loves the lakes and forests and during the summer delights in spending a week or two at his cottage at Pelican Lake. EDWARD CLEARY. The late Edward Cleary was one of the prominent pioneer railroad and business men of Langlade Cour.ty. He was born in Lancaster, Wor- cester County, Massachusetts, October 25, 1855, the son of Michael Cleary, a native of Ireland. In 1863 he moved with his parents to Appleton, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, from which place they moved on a farm., and then returned to Appleton. Until nineteen years of age the subject of this biography assisted his father on their farm. During the next four winters he worked in the lumber camps of Northern Wisconsin. In June, 1378, he secured employment as one of the workers on the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western, then piercing the northern part of Wisconsin. The tol- lowing December he started as a brakeman on the M., L. S. & W. Ry., and for many years after was one of the most efficient conductors on the Ashland Division. He was granted his first passenger run in 1884. Two years later he took up his residence in Antigo and from that time until his death he labored faithfully in the HISTORY OF LANGLADE COUNTY. 349 promotion of everything he considered essential to the welfare of Antigo. He erected the Cleary Building in 1891 and became financially interested in numerous commercial undertakings, viz : President of the J. C. Lewis Hardware Company and an officer of the old Antigo Telephone Company. He devoted much of his energies toward helping the fortunes of the county and the success of many enterprises are directly due to his activity. Mr. Cleary was united in marriage in 1882 to Miss Margaret Morrissey, of Appleton, Outagamie County, Wisconsin, the daughter of Patrick and Mar- garet (Landers) Morrissey, natives of Ireland. To this union seven children were born, namely: John E., a resident of Chicago, 111.; Agnes M., now Mrs. Charles E. Cody, of Antigo, Wis.; Raymond W., of Chicago, 111.; Emmet V., of Antigo, Wis.; Aloysius F., deceased, who is buried in the Antigo Catholic cemetery; Mar- quette, of Antigo, Wis, and Eugene, also of Antigo, Wis. Politically Mr. Cleary was a Republican. He was for several years a member of the City Council as a Supervisor and Alderman, and served on the Board of Education of Antigo for many years. Fraternally he was affiliated with the Order of Rail- way Conductors, a charter member of Antigo Lodge No. 662, B. P. 0. E., and also a charter member of An- tigo Council No. 1002, K. of C, and of the Catholic Order of Foresters. In religious faith the entire fam- ily are members of the Catholic church. With the death of Mr. Cleary on February 21, 1918, Antigo lost from its citizenship a man who had taken a keen inter- est in all matters pertaining to the community and as a consequence a good and public-spirited citizen. When he was selected as Postmaster of Antigo on July 21, 1901, he had made no solicitation for the appointment which came to him as a surprise. He was postmaster from that time until July 30, 1910. Mr. Cleary's life should be an inspiration to any young man who, handi- capped in youth because of meagre worldly posses- sions, strives to succeed. NELSON WILCOX GORHAM, a pioneer Antigo citizen, was born on October 3, 1859. Mr. Gorham was named after Col. Wilcox, his grandfather, who was active in the war of 1812. His father was a school teacher and later a lumberman at Gorham, Maine. The subject of this review spent his boyhood at Ing- ersol, Ontario, and on a farm near Rochester, New York. Moving to Wisconsin he was a millwright and hotel keeper at Necedah, Wisconsin. Here he was married to Anna Holms on April 2, 1883. To this union three sons were born, George, Will and Charles. The Gorham family moved to Antigo in the spring of 1890, Mr. Gorham becoming engineer for the Camp- bell & Lanning mill, then on the Heinemann site, Ackley township. He was fraternally affiliated with the Odd Fellows, of which he was Noble Grand at Necedah, where he was active in Masonic circles. Mr. Gorham passed away on May 4, 1918, five months and nineteen days after the death of his wife, which occurred on Decem- ber 16, 1917. Both are buried in the old cemetery, Antigo. Three children survive. Thus with the passing of Mr. and Mrs. Gorham, two pioneers went to th^ir reward. The substantial name so zealously guarded by them now occupies a prom- inent place in Antigo. George Gorham, oldest son, was united in marriage to Glenna Duncan, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Duncan, on February 12, 1912, and they have three children — John, Robert and Phyllis. Mr. Gorham is active in Antigo Masonic circles and has been often honored with leading offices in the various branches of Masonry. He is a member of the Baptist church. Charles Gorham, World War Veteran, was married to Alice Mader, a daughter of John Mader, early An- tigo settler, on March 1, 1919. They have one child, Bettie. William Gorham, married Iva Now on June 12, 1915, and they have three children. They are Marjorie, Kieth and Naomi. The three Gorham brothers reside in Antigo. WILLIAM H. DESSEREAU, retired, was born on July 30, 1854, at Champlain, P. Q., Canada, the son of Hermaine Lacourcir and Modest Dessereau. He at- tended the public and parochial schools of Champlain. In 1870 he moved to the United States, settling at Saginaw, Michigan, and for thirteen years studied the lumber business. In 1883 he entered Spencerian Bus- iness College, Detroit, Michigan, from which he grad- uate din 1884. He had studied landscape and portait painting under W. Christian, of Bay City, Michigan. He followed the woods for three years at Otsego Lake, Michigan. In 1898 he moved to Wisconsin and was engaged in looking after the cutting of the Yawkey- Bissel Lumber Company for twelve consecutive years. On May 24, 1912, he moved to Antigo, the family re- siding at 1435 Clermont street. Mr. Dessereau was married to Catherine Cunning- ham, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Cunningham, of Bay City, Michigan, on August 25, 1886, to which union ten children were born. He is a descendant of Julian Dubuque, the founder of Dubuque, Iowa. His grandmother was Tarcil Du- buque, a daughter of George Dubuque, who was a brother of Julian. NORMAN SCHLEIS and CHARLES KOPESCH- KA are proprietors of The Farmers' Feed Store, which was opened Sept. 1, 1921, at 623 Sixth Avenue. The firm deals in feed, grain, hay, salt, seeds and the fol- lowing brands of flour: "Better Bread," Gold Medal, Royal Elk. Tlieir business is from a radius of 25 miles. They have a feed grinder to accommodate the needs of the farmer. Mr. Schleis has eleven years of experience and Mr. Kopeschka eight years in the flour and feed business. Both are long time resi- dents of the county. Their business is located in the old Freider Creamery building. INDEX P^ o'iA ^^ ^ Ackley, W. L.. 88. Atkley. Life of W. L., 266. Ackley Township. 176. First Town Meeting. 176; Anached to Langlade Co., 177; Officers. Districts, 178. Ackley's Trail. 21. Adraktas, Chris. 300. Adraktas. Ernest. 300. Advisory Board, 143. Agriculture. 88. Ainsworth Township, 184. Organization, Officers, 185 ; Pearson, 186; Arbutus Hill, Cloverdale. Swamp Creek, 187. Aird. John, 73. Albers, Mrs. J. F., 41. Aldermen, First, 102. Aldermen, List of 106. Alft, Joseph. 69. Alexander. Walter. 30. Allerton. J. W., 295. American Legion. 75. American Library Assoc, 73. American Red Cross, 74. Anderson. Hans, 52. Anderson. Niels. 148. Anti-federalists. 33. Antigo Bldg. Sup. Co.. 52. Antigo Boys in Mexico, 66. Antigo Brewery. 83. Antigo Canning Co.. 52. Antigo City Band. 173 Antigo Cornet Band. 157. Antigo, County Seat. 98. Antigo Electric Systems, 166. Antigo Engine Co., 165. Antigo Fire. Worst. 86. Antigo Gas Co.. 52. Antigo Guard Co.. 66. Antigo Herald, 145. Antigo Herold, 145. Antigo Hospital. 92. Antigo Hub & Mfg. Co., 51. Antigo Journal, 144. Antigo Laundry, First. 265. Antigo L'ght Guards, 66. Antigo Lodges. 169. Antigo Lumber Co.. 53. Antigo's Main St., 1882. 98. Antigo Militia League. 67. Antigo Mill. First. 60. Antigo Mining Co.. 52. Antigo P'oneer. 144. Antigo Post Office. 147. Antigo Public Library. 41. Antigo Quintet Club. 157. Antigo Republican. 144. Antigo Screen Door Co.. 52. Antigo Streets. Names of, 99. Antigo Township. 188. Officers, School Districts. 189; Pioneer District. 190; Mayflower and Boulder Hill. 191; Selenski and Chamberlain, 192; NefT Switch and Fairview. 194. Antigo Tractor Corp.. 63. Antigo Water Co.. 166. Antigo Water Dept.. 166. Aoel-an Orchestra. 157. Apparel Shops. 161. Arbor Day, 38. Art. 155. Ashmun. Margaret, 155. Assemblymen. 17. Assessors. 106 Attempts to Organize a County, 261. Attorneys Roll of 60. Atwood. Emma. 42. Augustine. Frank. 302. ^Aulik. Alois T.. 311. Automobile Association. 29. Avery, C. H.. 71. Babcock, T. W., 22. Babcock. H. A.. 62. Babcock. N. R.. 330. Bacon, Charles. 20. Bacon House. 20. Badger Hub Factory. 51. Bagby, Z. T., Jr.. 315. Bakery Shops, 169. Ballard, Thomas. 69. Bangs. Nick. 62. Bank of Antigo, 65. Banks and Finances. 55. Bank of Mineral Point. 56. Bank of Wisconsin. 55. Baptist Church. 152. Barber Shops. 160. Bardwell O. C. 148. Battery "A." 76. Bauer, G. H.. 66. Baum. Amos, 55. Bcattie. W. W., 278. Beecher, L., 30 Bee Keepers' Assoc, 89. Behm, Fred. 270. Below, Julius, 287. Below, Walter, 39. . ^Benishek. John, 141. '>'1V Benes. John. 20. Bennet Law. 37. Berner. Fred L.. 316. Berner, Henrv, Sr., 318. Berner, Henry, 343. Bicycle Era, 27. Big Eau Claire R. Co.. 30. Big Roll Dam. 31. Binder. M. J.. 308. Bird's Eye View, Antigo, 100. Bissell. W. H.. 30. Blacksmiths. 161. Blanding. Pearl A., 48. Blind Pig, 82. Blinn. W. H.. 61. Board of Education. 123. Bob Brook. 31. Boerner. Carl. 286. Boerncr. Edward, 79. Boll. Joseph, 301. Boll, Nicholas. 317. Bonnel, W. B.. 31. Borgman. H. G.. 55. Bouck, Gabe. 57. Boutin. Frank. 54. Bowler, George J.. 305. Bowling Alley. 160. Bowman. W. F.. 165. Braddock. Gen. Edward, 5. Brandt. R. A.. 42. Bray. Matt.. 18. Breckenridge. John C 61. Brennecke. William. 73. Brenner. T. A.. 52. Brewster. Maude. 48. Brown, J. W.. 285. Brown. W. H.. 323. Buerger. Sebastian. 270. Buckstaff. George. 30. Buckman. Louis. 51. Burkhart. May N.. 155. Buelow, Fred, 298. Burnet. John. 295. Butterfield Hotel. 20. Butterfield. W. E., 20. Byrne. E. J., 317. Byrne, John, 15. Calhoun, C, Fred 141. Callahan. John P.. 308. Campbell, A. C. 30. Carr. W. S.. 61. Cavanaugh. Thomas E., 303. Cavers, W. D.. 73. Cemeteries, 168. Chairmen. County Board. 261. Chairmen. Victory Fund. 73. Charter, City of Antigo, 109. Chatrau Thierry. 69. Cherf. J. J., 324. Cherf, John. 266. Chiefs. A. F D.. 106. Chief McArthur. 266. Chiropractors, 92. Christianity. 149. Christian Scientists. 164. Churches, 149. Circuit Judges. 17. C'ty Adm-nistrations. 128. City Atorneys. 105. City Clerks, 105. City Engineers, 105. City Finances. 168. City Hall. 166 City Health Officers. 105. City Hospital. 92. City Mail Delivery. 147. C-tv Marshals. 105. City Officials. 105. City Parks, 168. City Planing Mill. 51. City Superintendents. 42. City Treasurers. 106. Citizens Brewery. 83. Citizens Training Camp 67. Civil Divisions. Langlade County. 7. Civil War Veterans. 62. Clanccy. J. E.. 15. Clancey Bldg. Factory. 51. Clark. Charles. 66. Clerks. Circuit Court. 17. Clerks, County. 17. Clithcro. George. 62. Clements. J. S., 30. Clifford. Claude. 326. Clothing Firms. Antigo, 159. Coal & Wood Dealers. 161. Cody. Edward. 326. Cohen, Izze. 300. Cole. Rev. Jesse, 149. Coldest Season, 84. Collins, Carrie, 73. Commercial Antigo. 168. Commemorative Biographical Record. 266. Commercial Organizations. 162. Community Welfare Association, 73. Confectioneries, 161. Congregational Church, 149. Conover & Porter, 40. Conway, A. C 60. Cornish. Sybil. 38. Council Chambers. 166. Council of Defense, 70. County Agents. 89. County Agricultural Society. 89. County Bridges. 29. County Bridge. First. 29. County Court. 59. County Court Case. First 59. , County Fair Scene. 91. County Road, First, 28. County Superintendents, 40. Courts, Laws. Lawyers, 57. Court Reporters, 17. Cow Testing Association. 89. Crane, Timothy. 30. Crone, Emma J.. 43. Crowe, M. F., 278. Crowe, Mrs. M. F., 41. Crummey, Joseph, 279. Crowell. A. G.. 22. C. & N. W. R. R. Co., 25. C, St. P. & Fond du Lac, 25. Cyclones. 85. Dailey. John F., 135. Dairy-Creameries. 101. Dairying. 88. Dallman, C. F., 289. Daskam, Ed. 15. Daskam, Walter. 272. Dawley-Northern Yds., Inc., 53. Dawley. W. H.. 41. De Langlade, Charles, 5. De Langlade, Augustin. 5. Deleglise, Francis A., 103. Democrat Party. 33. Dental Association. Langlade County. 94. Dempsey. R. C. 273. Dcspins, Dr. F. J.. 93. Dewey. D. C. 274. District Attorneys. 17. Disposal Plants. 168. Dobbs. Thomas M., 60. Doctors, 92. Doerisch, John, 148. Donohue. Agnes. 38. Donohue, M. J. 334. Dorr. B. F.. 105. Dorzeski. Walter V., 313. Douglas. Stephen A., 61. Dodge, Fred, 19. Druggists. Antigo. 158. Dunn. P. J.. 287. Duquette. J. J.. 275. Eau Claire River, 6. Edick. David B.. 267. Elcho. Township of. 195. Petition for Elcho. Detachment of Par- rish. First Election, 195; Officers. 196; Elcho District. 197; C W. Fish Lum- ber Co.. Elcho High School. 197; Post Lake. Sunset and Polish Districts. 198. Election, First, Antigo. 110. Elections. General. Antigo. 111. Elective Officers, Antigo, 109. Electric Shops. 160. Elton Township. 200. Surface, Survey. Soil. 200; Organiza- tion. Officers. 201; White Lake District. 203: Wolf River District. Markton Dis- trict. 204; Hollister District, 206. English. John. 52. Episcopal Church, 153. Evans. John. 50. Evenson, M. J.. 305. Evergreen Township. 206. Surface. Survey. Drainage. 206; Wolf River Township. Officers of Evergreen. 206; Cozy Corner, Sherry Districts. 207; McKinley, Wilson, Elton and Wash ng- ton D-stricts. 209. Excelsior Factory, 52. Fairchild, Gov., 22. Falkenhagen, George. 156. 291. Farmer-Labor Party. 33. Farmers (Phlox) State Bank, 56. Farm Statistics. 8. Farnham. L. E.. 281. Farrell House. 20. Farrow. Isaac. 31. Faust, Edward, 53, 313. Faust. Caspar. 53. Federalists. 33. Fellows, H. C, 88. Fidelity Savings Bank. 56. Fight to Incorporate Antigo, 101. Filbrandt. Joseph. 293. Filyes, L. W.. 276. Finances. City, 120. Finucane. F. J., 60. Fitzgerald. Daniel. 30. Fire Dept.. Old. 102. Fire Dept. 124. First of Things Commercial. 162. First Aeroplane. 28. First Road Appropriation, 27. First Read Petition, 27. First Antigo School, 38. First Antigo High School, 38, First Opera House, 163. First, Wis. School, 37. Flanagan, M. G., 60. Fletcher, G. N.. 22. Floods, 85. Flour.-Fecd Stores, 159. Fish. Charles W., 331, 53. Fish, C. W., Lumber Company. 53. Ford, Thomas, 320. Ford, Michael, 191. Ford. Robert, 105. Ford, John, 191. Fort Howard, 21. Fort Wilkins, 21. Foster, George, 53. Four Minute Speakers, 71. Fox, A. J.. 22. Franz, George J,, 329. Free Soilers, 33. Freiburger. L.. 139, 290. Freideman, H. A., 304. Frick, Henry, 51. Frisby, O. R.. 64. Fruit Stores, Antigo. 159. Gagen. Daniel, 14. 266. Gagen, .Tames. 308. Gardner, George, 18. Gardner, W. A.. 27. Garages, Antigo, 159. Gas Companies. 52. General Charter. City, 127. Geography, 6. German Press Association, 14G. Gibbs. L. L., 64. Gibbs. Mrs. L. L., 48. Gicse, William J., 329. Gilkey. George. 30. Gilmore's Mistake. 31. Gilray. Robert. 19. Ginseng Buyers. 161. Glugla, Frank, 41. Goebel, Edward, 284. Goeman, Fred F., 279. Goeman, Max A.. 313. Goodrick. Arthur, 328. Goodrick. E. J.. 39. Good Templars, 82. Goodwin, R. M., 51. Government Appeal Agent. 71. Government by Commission, 140. Government Land Measures, 174. Graduate, The, 146. Grail. George, 315. Grant. W. A., 55. Grand Army Monument. 62. Greskoviak, Thomas, 278. Green Back, 33. Grignon, Pierre. 37. Grimm, Rev. A., 155. Grocers, Antigo. 158. Grossman, Frank, 304. Grossman. Joseph, 304. Guile, Harvey, 156, 269, Guile, Walter, 269. Guenkcl, Frederich, 330. Guenthner, Joesph. 291. Hadler, George, 282. Hadley, Jackson. 22. Hafemeister. H. J., 310. Hardware Stores. 159. . Hanousek Hotel. 20. - Hanousek, John. Sr., 67. 'Hanousek, John, Jr.. 323. Hanson, Harvey E.. 311. Hanzel. Charles J.. 142. Harness Shops, 160. Hartford. L. D.. 293. Hay. Henry. 314. Hayter Dam, 31. Healy. R.. Sr., 309. Hecker, F. A.. 64. Helmbrecht, Joseph, 272. Helmbrecht. M. F., 286. Henshaw-Worden Lbr. Co.. 54. Henshaw, Lbr. Co.. 54. Henshaw, Charles E.. 340. Herman, Becklinger & Herman, 51. Herman, James W., 296. Hersant, Henry, 303. Heyser, E. H.. 27. Hicks. Asa C. 30. Hickok. W. H., 42. Hide, Welcome, 30. Hill. Christopher. 18. Hill, Jennie, 18. Hill, George W,, 134. Hill. Warren. Hintz, Emil O. H.. 295. Hirt. Elsie. 64. Hirt, Ernest, 63. Hirt. Herman. 278. Hirt Milling Co., 54. Hirt Lumber Co., 219. Historical Notes. 261. Historic War Posters, 71. Hixon. F. P.. 30. High School B. B. Team. First. 265. High School Papers. 145. Highway Commissioners, 29. Higgins. Peter, 282. Higgins. Henry. 282. Hoeffler. Charles, 41. Hoffman, Frank, 306. Hoffman Joseph. 20. Hoffman House. 20. Hoffman, Max, 15. Hogan. Thomas W.. 136. Hogben. G. W.. 30. HoUey, John, 288, HoUister, Seymour, 30. Holman. Earle S., 146. Holway. Orlando, 79. Honor Roll. World War, 79. Horse Dealers, 161. Home, C. E.. 54. Horticulture. 89. Hospital, First, 92. Hotels, 19, 20, 162. Hoxie, 1. C, 51. Howarth, C. E., 325. Howe, J, H.. 321. Hudson, Henry, 31. Humphrey, F. W.. 55. Humphrey. H. C. 55. Hurlbutt, A., 73. Hutch-ns, George, 155. Hutchins, E. G.. 297. Hutchinson. Malcolm, 267. Hutchinson, Thomas, 266. Hutchinson. W. W., 164. Immel Construction Co.. 39. Implement Dealers. 161. Important Fires, 87. Improvement Concerns, 30. Indians, 1. Indian Trails, 21. Indians in War. 65. Industries, 50. Insurance Agents, 159. International Hoist Co., 52. Island. Five. 19. Jacobus. Fred, 73. Jackson, H. W.. 315. Jackson, Joseph M.. 29. Jackson, G. A.. 315. Janes. Arthur. 18, 269. Janes, Chris, 53. Janscn. John, 13. Jefferson, Thomas, 33. Jewelers. 158. Jewish Welfare Board. 73. ,^icha. Anton W.. 313. Johns, R. B., 67. Johns, W. B.. 61. Johnson. William, 19, Jones, D. E., 65. Judges. County. 17. Judges, Municipal, 17, Juetten, H. P., 73. Jury. Grand, First, 60. Jury, Trial. First, 67, Justices, 106. Kahaal Adaas Yesiu, 154, Kaske, E. F., 288. Kasson, W. F., 269. Keats, Myron E., 42. Keen. D. W. 130. Keeps County. 12. Kelly, Anna, 41. Kellogg. T. D.. 50. Kelloggg Gen. J. A.. 61. Kellogg. G. A. R. Post. 61. Kennedy, James. 27. Kennedy. Frank, 176. Kennedy, Joseph, 176, Ke No Sheca Lake, 21. Keshena, 19. Kiefer, F. W., 147. Kieffer. L. P.. 306. Kielczewski. F. X.. 310. King, Gen. C. E., 67. King. George E., 73. Kingsbury & Henshaw Lbr. Co., 54. Klemann, P. H.. 305. Kkssig. Otto. 299. Koebke. Richard, 147. Koelzer. P. J., 20. Koepenick. E. C. 321. Koles, Edward, 76, Kolcs, L. P., 305. . Kolerus. F. A.. 148. VKoutnik, F. J.. 323. Knapp, C. B,. 327. Kraus, Anton, 291. Krause. Frank. 296. ^JCubichek. J. M.. 296. Kuhr. William. 148. Kupper. Theodore. 308. La Blonde, Mrs. Charles, 41. Lac Vieux Desert, 21. Ladies' Shops. 159. Ladwig, Lily, 148, La Fave, Harry, 270. La Follette, R. M., 35. Lake Shore House, 20. Lake Superior Trail. 21. Lambert. L. G., 166. Lange. William A., 54. Langlade County, Organization of, 12. Langlade County. Founder of. 12. Langlade County. First Court House, 14. Langlade County Official. 17. Langlade County, Finances, 16. Langlade County Bar, 60. Langlade County Schools, 38. Langlade County Normal, 47. Langlade County Historical Society, 41. Langlade County Flowers. 266. Langlade County Birds. Trees, Fruit, 266. Langlade County Breeders Associations, 90. Langlade County in War. 51. Langlade County Bank, 55. Langlade Laundry Co,, 54. Langlade Lumber Co., 64. Langlade Ptg. Co.. 145. Langlade House, 20. Langlade National Bank. 66. Larzelere. Charles, 18. Larzelere Paved the Way, 264. Lasher. J. H., 48. Latta, George W,, 16, Lav/, James, 19. Law, Mag, 19. Legal Advisory Board, 71, Lenroot. I. L., 79. Lesch, J. B., 63. Leykom. C. S.. 269. Liberty Loans. 74, Lily River. 30. Lily. Village. 212. Limits. Original Township, 13. Lincoln. Abraham. 61. Lincoln Box Co.. 54. L-ndsay, W. G.. 156. Lind, Gus. 33. Literature. 155. Liveries. 159. Location, Village Antigo, 99. Lombardo. A., 290. Long. Charles, 20. Lumbering. Pioneer, 30. Maerlz. W. A.. 20. Mail Carriers. 148. Maltby, John, 299. Maloney, Thomas. 273. Maloney, Irvin, 273. Manthey. George J.. 301. Market Square Hotel, 20. Marsh. C, O.. 42. Marsh, E. H.. 299. Marshall, George, 73, M arson, R. T.. 20. Martiny. Hynek. 20. Mattefs Bros,. 53. Mattmiller. Harold S., 270. Mayors of Ant'go, 105. Mayer Bros., 52. Maxwell. G. H., 52. Meat Markets. 160, Medical Society, 94. Medicine, 92. Meetings. First Town, 13. Meetings. First Supervisors, 13. Mellor. E. N.. 61 Memorial Hospital. 76. Memorial Park, 77. Mendlik, Louis, 163. Meneely, G. K.. 41. Mrssmer. Robert, 41. Meteoric Phenomena, 84. Meteorology. 84. Methodist Church. 149. Military History, 61, Military Road, 21. Military Road Land Grants. 21. Military Road. Life on. 24. Millard, F. A., 329. Millard, Glenn, 148. Millard. P. J., 147. Miller, C. O.. 62. Milliners, 161. Milltown, 67. Mills, H. v.. 164. Milwaukee. Lake Shore & Western, 26. Miscellaneous Items, 265. Mitchell, Henry, 67, MoUe, Anton. 311. MoUitor. John, 65. Montcalm. Gen, L. J., 5. Moonshine Era. 83. Moore. Dr. G. E.. 308. Moore. Dr. G. W,. 92. Morse, E. A.. 284. Morse. Mrs, E. A.. 41. Morse. Harry J... 293. Morse, J. W.. 59. Morson. H. F.. 71. Moses, L. D.. 65. Moss, E. A,, 73. Moss. Bertha, 40. Motzfeldt, Louis, 19. Municipal Court. 60. Murphy. Dr. E. R.. 308. Murphy. D. J., 320. Murphy, Pat, 15. Murray-Mylrea Co.. 62. Murton. A. H., 318. Music. 155. Mus-cians Assoc. 157. Music Houses, 160. Myers. Hon. G. H., 57. Mylrea, W. H.. 27. McCandless. Edward. 312. McCandless, Henry, 312. McCarthy, Tohn, 292. McCusker. Belle. 43. McDonald, C. B., 52. McDonald. Hector, 296, McFarland, C. W.. 155. McGinley. John. 65. McGill. EUzabcth. 38. McGreer. John. 41. McHale. James. 17. McHale. Vernon. 300. McKenna. James. 107. McKenna. John E.. 307. McMulUn. R. H.. 134. Kagel. Rev. Carl. 155. National Banks. 55. National Catholic War Council 73 Nelson. J. R., 62. Neff. Edgar M.. 324. Nequia-Antigo-Seebeh. 98. Neubcrger. Wencel, 323. Neuman. S., 164. Neva Farmers State Bank. 56. Neva Townsh-p, 214. Organization. Town Meetings. Roads. 214: First Election. Officials. 215; Kempster District. 216: Gillis District. 217; Deerbrook District. Springbrook District. 219. New County. 12. New County. Organization, 12. New County. Boundaries. 12. New County. Founder of, 12. New. Village of. 12. Newspapers. 144. Nolte. O. G.. 330. Northern Hotel. 20. Norwood Township. 220. Location. Officers. 220: Riverside. 221: Red River District. 222; Maple Grove. Apple Grove. 223; Sugarbush. 224; May- king. 225. ^,*-Novotny. Louis. 50. Oakley. Byron, 38. O'Brien. John. 73. Officers, First County. 13. Ogilvie. Jane. 41. O'Hara. John. 42. Ohlen. Carl. 178. Old City Hall. 102. Old Dutch Frank. 18. Old Settlers Club. 41. Olmstead. D. S.. 57. Olmsted. Frank. 196. Olsen. Carl. 288. Order of Camels. 83. Ordinances. 119. Ordinance of 1787. 37. Ornamental White Way, 143. Original Plat. Antigo. 98. Owen. A. R.. 54. Otis. J. W.. 296. Quigley. G. J.. 67. Quinn. James. 14. Palmer. E. V.. 156. Palmer, John, 327. Palmer. Stephen. 220. Palmiter. G. O., 321. Pardee. W. H.. 51 Parochial Schools. 40. Parsons. Hon. J. W.. 319. Patrons of Husbandry. 91. Pawlak. L. 282. Penney. J. C. 158. Period of 1882-86. 164. Person. M. E. 301. Personal Politics. 35. Peters. Henry. 15. Peters. Louis. 330. Fetters. Walter. 148. Petters. W. G.. 161. Pctrowski. Peter. 287. Phiester. William, 73. Philakean Society. 39. Photcgraphers. 161. Physicians. List of. 94. Pioneer Buildings. 163. Pioneer Iron Works. 51. Pioneer Life. Military Road. 24. Pioneer Merchants. 163. Pioneer Temperance Rallies. 83. Pioneer. The, 9. Plautz. Henry. 318. Plumbers. 160. Polar. H. B.. 19. Political Campaigns. 34. Political Episodes. 101. Political Langlade County. 132 Pool Rooms. 161. Poor Commissioner. 105. Porlier. Louis, 307. Porter. George. 38. Populists. 32. Postal Employes. 148. Postal Savings System. 148 Potter. A. K.. 290 Potter. Rusk. 290. Potato Buyers. 161. Potato Growers Association. 90. Potato Warehouses. 161. Powers of Common Council. 112. Powers of City Officers. 116 Pricbc Brothers. 305. Priem. William. 272. Presidential Vote. County. 35. Presidents. Board of Aldermen 106 Price. Cong. W. T.. 82. Progressives, 32. Prohibition. 82. Prohibition Club. 83. — Prokupek. Dr. J. N.. 285. Promotion. 107th Officers. 69. Prcsser Brothers. 298. Prosser. William. 75. Public Utilities. 165. Pure Bred Cattle. 90 Radtke. H. E.. 329. Ra-sse. Charles. 20. Railroads. 25. Railroad Officers. 162. Ratcliffe. George. 14. Real Estate. General. 159. Recruits. World War. 67. Rechcygl. Edith, 41. Red River, 7. Register of Deeds. 17. Reindl. Frank. 295. Reinert. T. J., 275. Republican. Langlade, 144. Rtscue Hose Co. No. 1. 165. Respect for Law. 83. Restaurants. 160. Return of the 107th T. M. B.. 70. Rezula Bridge, 29. Revolutionary War. 5. Rice. Horace. 18. Rich. George. 30. Richards. R. C, 27. Ringsmth, Frank. 41. Rivers, 6. Robbins, T. H.. 166. Rcbrecht. Martin D.. 283. Robinson. M.. 53. Ross. J. D.. 30. Ross. M. M., 129. Roster of Co. G., 4th Wis. Inf.. 67. Ruins Antigo H. S., 87. Rummery. Lyman. 30. Rural Free Delivery. 148. Rusk. Gov. J. M.. 59. Rynders. Hon. B. W.. 138. Salvation Army. 73. Samolinski. Frank. 297. Sands. Louis. 30. Sanvidge. Thomas, 165. Sawyer, Philetus, 22. Scherf. W. J.. 298. Schmeisser. Fred. 277. Schneiter's Hotel. 20. Schmitz, G. W. 325. Schrocder. Gus. 73. Schufeldt, J.. 14. Schultz. W. J.. 55. Schuhz. A. F.. 274. Schwartz. Fred. 291. Second Hand Stores, 161. Selective Service Act. 71. Settlers. Military Road, 22. Seven Dav Adventists. 154. Shadick. Oliver. 282. Shaw. Fred. 292. Sheriff. Anna. 38. Sheriff. Robert, 188. Shin; Parlors. 161. Shoe Shops. 158. Short Course for Boys, 89. Simmons, V., 14. Smith. W. W.. Jr.. 56. Smith. Ammessey. 18. Smolk. James. 156. Soil Formation. 95. Soil Tests. 90. Soft Drink Stands. 60. 162. Solliday. Dr. A. H.. 55. Somdahl. Carl O.. 293. Spanish-American War. 60. Sparks. Reese. 69. Spencer. Ben. 20. Spencer. Archie. 148. Spencer. J, C. 52. Springbrook House. 19. Stabe. August J.. 307. Statutes. Boundary Error ''n. 15. . State Dept. of Education. 37. State Banks. 55 State Bank. Elcho. 56. Stats. Albert. 275. StefTen. Dr. I. D.. 131. Steffen. Dr. L. A.. 289. Stengl. George, 148. Stewart. D. S.. 53. Stickney. E. A.. 14. Stopping Places. IS. Strauss. Henry, 19. Streams. 6. Streets and Highways. 122. Street Commissioners. 106. Strnad. James. 157. Strube. Ernest. 156. 285. Strube. George. 156. Strube. Herman. 156. St. Clair. Hugh. 297. St, Louis. Fr. P.. 145. St. John's Church. 151. St. Mary's Church. 152. St. Hyacinth's Church, 162. St. Ambrose Church. 153. Swanson. Oscar J., 269 Switzer. W. E . 48. Tailor Shops. 160. Taylor. S. A.. Boosts New. 262. Taverns. 18. ^V^^Av^ A V)-] Tea and Coffee Stores. 161. Telephone Industry, 166. Temperance, 82. Teipner. Charles. 19. Teipner. Julius. 19. Territorial Changes. 15. Te Selle. C J.. 280. Ten Cent Stores. 160. Temperance Ticket. 83. The Surprise Voters. 101. The Great Welcome. 70. The Last Draft, 72. The Victory Fund. 73. The First National Bank. 65. Thursby. John F.. 51. Tinsmiths. 159. Tidd. Ora N.. 69 Thompson Paul. 307 Tradewell. L. P.. 309. Tradcwell. E. S.. 311. Treasurers. County. 17. Telle fson. Corp. L. A.. 69. Tol'efson. Anton M.. 312. Tourt Uotte Dam. 30. Twin Valley Inn. 20. UUman. S. B.. 302. United War Work Campaign. 73. Unity Evangelical Church. 150. Upham Township. 252. U. S. Government Survey. L. C.. 174. U. S. Monetary System. 55. U. S. Surveyors. 174. Van Buren. E. R.. 15. Vandtrvrst. Frank E.. 281. Vander Weide. F. G.. 310 Van Doren. C. W.. 333 Van Doren Garage. 159. Vanooyen. Dennis. 297. Van Zile. Abe. 14. Vaughn. E. W.. 305, Vaughn. Walter. 166. Ver Bryck. F. P.. 327. Villa. Pancho. 66. V-olat on. Ordinance. 119. Vivian Hotel. 20. Volunteer Fire Dept.. 165. Von De Schocppe. Paul. 20 Voss. Dr. F. K.. 324. Voss Veterinary Hospital. 324. Vulcanizing Shops. 161. ''^Vachal. Matt A.. Sr. 305 -'^Vachal. Matt. 283. Waddell. J. F.. 42. Wagner. Frank J.. 274. Waite. S. L.. 20. Walch. O. P.. 292. War Orphans. 75. Warmest Season, 84. "Ward Supervisors. 107. Ward Boundaries. City of Antigo 109 Ward Schools City. 40. Wanek. F. G.. 55. Weekly News Item. 144. ■Webster. Daniel. 61. Webb. Mrs. R. G.. 43. Wegner. William. 268. Weatherby & Crowe. 30. ■Webster. W. H.. 32. Weston. Alijah. 22. ■Wheeler. Chris. 18. White, W. F.. 105. ■White. I. A.. 293. Whiting. A. N.. 322. White Lake State Bank. 56. Williams. W. H., 42. Williams. Nellie. 38. Wisconsin and Northern. 26. Wisconsin Geog. Society. 41. W-scons'n Handle & Mfg. Co.. 52. Wisconsin 14th Regiment. 66. Wisconsin Press Association. 146. Wisconsin Bark & Lbr. Co., 53. Winn. Lowell A.. 20. Winthow. James M.. 22. Winter. G.. 296. W'nn Murder Trial. 58. Wood. Albert. 19. Wood Burner. Old. 26. Woodland Homes. 145. Wolfe. James. 5. Wolf River Lbr. Co.. 53 Wolf Millwork Co. 53 Wolpert. W. H.. 271. Woman and the War. 75. Worman. Mrs. E. H 156 Worden. J. H.. 304 Wojan. R. C. 283. Wojtasiak. Stanley J.. 277. Wojtasiak. John. 277. World War Activities. 71. World War Heroes. 77. V/orden. T. H.. 51. Wundcrlich. Chris. 53. Yates. O. J. ■yawkey-Bissel Lbr. Co., Yentz. Herman. Yentz, William, Zobel, Robert W., 300. Ztlm. August A., 293. Zion Evangelical Church. 153. Zoern. Joseph W.. 20. Zwickey. Fred, 297. Zcntner. F. T., 56. S\^