iiiisiiiiiiii if (if 1 f ! litJ.: ■ iii iii Class. Book COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT HISTORY OF MONTCLAIR TOWNSHIP STATE OF NEW JERSEY INCLUDING THE HISTORY OF THE FAMILIES WHO HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED WITH ITS GROWTH AND PROSPERITY ILLUSTRATED Qui transtiilit, susliiut.' BY HENRY WHITTEMORE AUTHOR OF THE REVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF ROCKLAND COUNTY, N. Y, HISTORY OF MIDDLESEX COUNTY, CONN. HISTORY OF SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT N.G.S.N.Y. HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY IN NORTH AMERICA. HISTORY OF STEAM NAVIGATION. ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PROSPECT PARK. BROOKLYN, ETC. mew Porh : THE SUBURBAN PUBLISHING COMPANY 1S94 COPYRIUHTF.D, 1S94, BY THE SL-IiUiiBAN rrBLISIIHs'G CO. \ >g»^.t_j, >, k f. f. >. >. --_J_A_^_.',_A_;_j,_i_ L.ufggi ?/' J^ ciiafti:r I. Discovery of tiik Nkw Worlu. — Oltline History oi- the Indwns. — The Algonqiins or Iroquois. — Tiiii Dei.awarks or Lenni LENAPft — The Turkey ami Wolf Branches of the Lenni Lenai'?-..— The Sub- divisions OF THE Trihks: Minsiks, Mohicans, Raritans, Hackensacks, Pomptons, Tapi'Aans, of East New Jersey. — Incidents of Indian Life. — Indian Loiai \amks, k ir 1-5 CHAPTER II. Outline of New Jersey.— Origin of the Name.— Philip Carteret Appointed Governor.— Governor Andros OF New York Claims Jlrisuiction over New Jersey.— ResisIance by the People. — Re-affirmation FROM England of Carteret's Authority. — Government under the Twenty-four Proprietors. — Union OF East and West New Jersey.— Lord Cornbury's Rule. — The Colonial Govern.ment from its Com- mencement TO ITS Termination f>,7 CHAI'TKR III. Geographical Formation of Esse.\ County. 8,9 CHAPTER IV. The Newark Colonists. — Their Previous History. —Robert Treat and Jasper Crane— Their Influence in the New Haven and Connecticut Colonies. — Incidents in Connection with their Duties as Magis- trates of the New Haven Colony. — Warrants for the Arrest of Whalley and Goffe, the Regi- cide Judges. — Negotiations for the Union of the Colonies of New Haven and Connecticut, and THE Important Part Taken by Robert Treat and Jasper Crane. — Dissatisfaction of the Branford People with the Union.— Opposition to the "Half-way Covenant" AfiD the " Christless Rule of Connecticut." — Causes of Division in the Milford, Branford, Guilford and Stamford Churches, VviiichLed to the E.xodus of the Dissenters and the Formation of the Newark Colony 10-12 CHAPTER V. The "wise men of good report" Sent in Search of a New Canaan. — Difficulties Encountered. — Anxiety of Stuyvesant to Secure the Settle.ment of the New Haven Colonists for New Jersey. — The "Agreement" of the Branford Colonists.— Landing of the Milford Colonists. — Unexpected Difficulties with the Indians. — Formal Conveyance of the Lands by the Indians. — Additional Conveyance of Land Extending to the Top of Watchung Mountain 13-17 iv Contents. CHAPTER VI. PAGES Government of the " Ne\v-\vorke" Colonists. — Liberal Tre.\t.ment of the Indians and New Settlers who COULD NOT Subscribe to the "Fundamental Agreement." — Capacity of the Colonists for Self- Government ; Existing for Twf.i.ve Years with No Other Government than the " Fundamental Agreement." — Extracts from the Town Records Relating to Local Government. — Jasper Crane, Robert Treat and Matthew Camfield Chosen Magistrates. — Organization of the "First Church of Newark," — Rev. Abraham Pierson and His Successors. — Increase in Population. — Laving Out of the Highway as Far as the Mountain. — Application of De.^con Azariah Crane for Land for a Tanyard. — Establishment of Additional Plant.itions. — Cranetown, Watsessing, etc, — "Early Out- lands and Houses." — Old Roads iS-24 CHAPTER VII. Cranetown During the Revolutionary War 25-31 CHAPTER VIII. Events Leading to, and Erection of, Bloomfiei.d Township in 1S12. — Name of Cranetown Changed to THAT of West Bloomfield. — Okigin.\l Boundaries. — Toney's Brook, the Source of Second River, AND ITS Manufactories. — The First Saw Mill,— Israel Crane's Mill on Toney's Brook, — West Bloomfield Manufacturing Company. — Henry Wilde & Sons, — Wilde Brothers, — First Manufacture OF Plaid Shawls in this Country. — John Wilde. — Burning of the Lower Mill. — Mill Property Leased to, and Subsequently Purchased by, Grant J. Wheeler and Others, for the Manufacture OF Paper and Oakum under the Firm Name ok Crane, Wheeler & Company. — Manufacture of Straw Board by Machinery, by Grant J, Wheeler & Co.mpany. — Indian Relics Found Beneath the Wheeler Mill. — Removal of Wheeler to Waverly, and Closing of the Mill. — Valuable Pearls Found on Notch Brook, the Source of Third River. — Construction of Newark and Pompton Turnpike. — Business Develop.ment and Growth of West Bloomfield. — Construction of Newark and Bloomfield Railroad. — The New Settlement. — The Name of Montclair Substituted for that of West Bloomfield 32-42 CHAPTER IX. Montclair in the War of the Rebellion : 43. 44 CHAPTER X. Act Creating the Township of Montclair. — Boundaries. — Organization of Montclair Railway Company. — Bonding of the Township. — Advantages Accruing to the Property-holders from the Construction of the RoAD.^LniGATioN Growing Out of the Defaulted Bonds.— Final Decision by the United States Supreme Court. — Increase of the Indebtedness of the Township from $200,000 to $400,000. — Township Committee of 1883 and 1884 ; Election of Messrs. Russell, Carey and Farmer. — Efforts of this Committee to Purchase the Outstanding Bonds and to Fund the Indebtedness. — Placing of the New Loan with the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company of Newark, N. J. — Amount Saved by the Township Through the Efforts of this Committee. — Township Officers. — The New Charter Adopted. 1894.- Post Office and Postal Facilities 45-5^ Contents. v CHAPTER XI. PAGES Religious Interests of Montclair. — Congregationalism and Presbyterianism. — Erection of the Second Meet- ing-house, 1753, of the Mountain Society (Orange). — Organiz.vpion of the Church at Watsessing, known as the "Third" Presbyterian Church in the Township of Newark; Later as the First Presbyterian Church of Bloomfield.— Laying of the Corner-stone, etc. — Subscribers 10 the New Edifice.— Legacy of Nathaniel Crane for a Presbyterian Church at Cranf.iown or West Bloom- field.— The " First " Presbyterian Church of Montclair.— Organization of the Church, 1837.— The First Place of Worship— The School Building. —List of Original Me.mbers. — List of Pastors. — Erection of Church Edifice.— Purchase of Organ.— Erection of Parsonage.— Statistics of Member- ship, etc.— Sketches of Rey. J. F. Halsey, Rev. J. A. Priest, Rev. Nelson Millard, D.U., Rev. J. RoMEYN Berry, D.D., Rev. Wm. F. Junkin, D.D, LL.D.— Sunday School —Tkinity Presbyterian Church— Sunday School.— Rev. Orville Reed.— Grace Presbyterian Church— Sunday School.— Methodist Episcopal Church— Sunday School.— St. Luke's Episcopal Church.— The Church of THE Immaculate Conception, R. C— First Congregational Church of Christ.— Rev. Amory Howe Bradford, U.D.— Sunday School.— Pilgrim Mission.— First Baptist Chupxh.— Rev. Wm. N. Hubbeli.— Sunday School.— The Unitarian Society.— Young Men's Christian Association.— The Women's Temperance Union.— The Colored Population and Their Churches.— Union Baptisi- Church, Colored. — St. Mark's Methodist Episcopal Church, Colored 57-107 CHAPTER XII. Educational Development.— The First School in Newark, 1676.— Act Adopted by the General Assembly, 1693, FOR Establishing Schools.— First School Commitif.e, 1697.— First Appropriation by the State Legislature, iSi6 — Acts of iS2g, 1S3S, 1S46, 1852, 1S67, eic— Schools of Cranetown, West Bloom- field and Montclair.— The First School-house, 1740.— Second School-house, 1812.— Gideon Wheilkr, the First Teacher in the " New School-house."— Special School Law for the Township of Bloom- field. 1S46— Teachers, 1846 to 1S56.— Trustees, 1S31 to 1856.— The "New Departure," and the Result.— Increased Facilities.- Establishment of the High School, and its Gradual Development.— The New School Building, 1892-93.- Efforts of Dr. J. J. H. Love, the First President of the Board, and His Successors, Geokoe H. Francis, Thomas Porter, Charles K. Willmer and John R. Howard.— Sketch of Randall Spaulding.— Private Schools.— Washington School— East End- Warren Holt's School.— Ashland Hall.— Hillside Seminary for Young Ladies— Montclair Military Academy. — Free Public Library 10S-128 CHAPTER Xin. Municipal aud Business Organiz.ations, Sociefies, Clubs, etc.— Vill.vge Improvement Society.— Montclair Fire Department —The Montclair Water Company.— James Owen, Township Engineer.— The Press.— MoNTCL.MR Times, Augustus C. Studer.— Montclair Herald, G. C. Eari.e and H. C. Walker.— United States Printing Company ; Joseph E. Hinds.— Bank of Montclair.— The Montclair Savings Bank.— Masonic Lodges; Bloomfield Lodge, No. 40, F. & A. M.; Montclair Lodge, No. 144. F. & A. M.— W.\TCHUNG Lodge, No. 134, I. O. O. F.— Gen. Sherman Lodge, No. 51, A. O. U. W.— Other Secret .\nd Benevolent Societies.— The Citizens' Committee of One Hundred.— Good Gov- ernment Club.— Children's Home. Mrs. Samuel M. Porter.— Mountainside Hospital Association.— The Montclair EouESTRiAN Club.— Montclair Club.— The Outlook Club.— Tariff Reform Club — Montclair Glee Club.— Montclair Dramatic Club.— Montclmk Lawn Tennis Club 12.J-170 VI Contents. CHAPTER XIV. PAGES The Mkdicai. Profession of Montci.air. — John J, II. Lovr, M D.— John Wakren Pinkham, M.D.— Clarence Wii.lard Butler, M.D. — James Si'FNCER Brown, M.U. — Charles Henry Shelton, M.D — Richard C. Newton, M.D. — Richard P. Francis, M.D, — Levi Dudley Case, M.D. — Herbert W. Foster, M.D. — L. W. Halsey, M.D. — The Founders and Builders of Cranftown. — West Bloomfield and Moniclair.— The Families of Ckane, Baldwin, Doremus, Hakrison, Munn, Wheeler, Harris, Prati-, Chittend:".n, Parkhurst, Boyd, Nason, Hening, Drafer, Wildf, Wili.mkr, Adams 171-225 CHAPTER XV. The Families of Brautu;am, Sweet, Holmes, Porter, \'an Vi.eck, Johnson, Noyes, Benedict, Sullivan, Baldwin, (VV. D.), Carev, Russell, Rand, Wilson, Underhill, Miller, Hurc.ess, Bradley, Farmer, F,shbauc;h, Howard, Graham, Wheeler (F. Merriam) 22&-271 CHAPTER XVI. Lkgal Profession — Paul Wilco.x, E. B. Goodell. Starr J. Murphy, G. W, Murray. — The Dental Profession — Dr. S. C. G. Watkins, Dr. Albert J. Wright. — Art and Artists — Harry Fenn, Lawrence C. Earle, J. S. Hartley, George Inness, Sr., George Inness, Jr. — Roswell Smith, Founder of the Century Magazine; A. H. Siegfried. — Two Heroes of the War — Abram P. Haring, Harry Littlejohn 272-295 CHAPTER XVII. Architectural FE.\TrRES of Montclair Homes.— Frank E. Wallis, Architect. — Residence of William Fellowes. — Of Frederick J. Dresher.— The " Farley Houses."— Christopher A. Hinck.— Thomas S. Gladding 296-304 CHAPTER XVIII. Upper Montci.air. 305-320 HiyJlUlUIllllUl.^ .1 IJ. T T T T T r T ? T T T T T TT r y n I n ^y /a i i i ; 6 H i i i 4 4 i u i u u i i i i i i i i i i i i .1 i i i i i u i i U\ ^T%< )NTCLAlli, in its natural in-ospurity, in its elevated, moral and irligious life, and in tlie ^TZ. *^'^'**' ''"*^' inteiiec-tuai culture of its people, stands pre-eminent among the .suhurixs of our great metropolis. These characteristics of a high civilization are not the result of accident, hut are due largely t<> the influence of a few energetic, enterprising and progressive individuals, who fi-oni the heginiiing have directed its affairs, and have contributed to its physical, social and moral development. The early Connecticut settlers of this locjility adopted as their motto that inscrihcd on the arms of their native State, viz.: "Qui transiidit, stistinet" and the thousands of settlers from various ])arts of the country, who have beautified and developed this Paradise of .Xaturc, have shown bv their acts that they too have implicit faith in an overruling rrovidence to sustain them in their lie ic work. [The original Connecticut .settlers named their " Townc on the Pcsavick " '• Nnr Worke''' (Newark), indicating their new enterpri.se. | To show the result of their efforts has been the aim of the compiler of this work. If he has failed to give credit to any individual who, during the early settlement of the new town- ship, or its later development, has contributed to its greatness and prosperity, it is because of his inability to obtain the requisite information. To enumerate all who lia\c aided him in this under- taking Would reipiire more space than is usually allottecl to a Preface or Introduction. His acknowledgments are due first of all to ]\Ir. .lulius II. Pratt, one of the pioneers in the new settlement who. from the inception of the enterprise, has done everything in his jiower to make the " IIistokv of .Mo.ntci.aik " a success, and has contributed much valuable data, attainable from no other source. To Dr. J. J. II. Love, who is recognized as the chief founder and promoter of the splendid system of public school education for which Montclair is famous, the writer is greatly indebted — not only for information concerning its educational affairs, but other matters of historic interest. Joseph Doremus, the recognized authority on all matters connected with the history of this locality and its early settlers, has rendered invaluable aid. The assistance of Colonel Frederick H. Harris in supplying data of early railroads, early settlers, etc., is gratefully acknowledged. viii Preface. Mmiiv ui the licautifiil laiiilscaia's and otliur illustratinns with wliicli this \V(!ik is I'liihrliisiie'd are re|)i-(KhK'tioiis of photographic views taken liv Mr. Randall Sjiaulding, Superintendent uf the l'ui>lie Schools, who has also supplied additional matter to that of Dr. Love on Educational Develo])- nient in ^fontclair. Mr. \V. 1. Lincoln Adams has also assisted the author in the illustration of this work. Iioth hy supplving oriii'inal photoiiiaphs of his own and in i;-ivintory of that institution; to ]\Ir. -lohn 11. Wilson and Mr. A. C. Stndor for many favors; to Dr. Alhei-t J. Wriglit for information concerning the Fire Department; to Mr. James Owen for the article on Montelair Water Works; to Mr. Yost and other townshi]3 otficers for inf(.)rniati(.in on township affairs. The writer is also indebted to the editor of the Moiitda!r Times for valuable extracts taken from its tiles, and for other courtesies extendeil ; also to the pnjprietor and editor of the Montelair llcruhl for similar favors. Chapter I. DiscovKRY OK THE Xkw Wori.d. — OrTLixE History OF THE Indians. — The Algoxquins or Iroquois. — The Del.vwares or Lknm J.exai'e. — The Turkey and Wolf Branches of the Lenni Lexape. — The Sub-divisioxs <>f the Tribes: ^[ixsies. ilonicAxs. Rakitaxs, IIackexsacks, PoMiToxs, Tai'I'AAXs. ok East New Jersey. — Ixcidexts ok Inoiax Like. — Indian Local Nasies, etc. k.^-3 X l."«24. .lolm lie \ enizzaiio. a FlorLMitiiio iiiiviirator in the service of !■ raiicis I. of !• raiice, ^- made a voyage to tlie North .\inerican coa.st, and. as is believed fmiii tlie account which •X^v he L'ave. entered tlie liarlmr uf Xew York. X(j colonies were ])lanted and no results ^^■' fMlluwed. Though discoveries were made hv the French imrth from this point, and colonies ,\^ planted liy the English farther to the south, it is not known that New York was again visited hy Europeans till Itio'.t. when tlie Dutch East India Comi)any sent Ilendrick Hudson, an Englishman hy hirth, on a voyage of discovery in a vessel called the "Half Afooii." He reached the coa.st of Maine, sailed thence to Cape Cod, thence southwesterly to tlie month of Cliesapcake P>ay ; then, coasting northward, he entered Delaware Bay on the 2>'tli of August. From thence he proceeded northward, and on the 3d of Sejitemher, 1609, anchored in New York Bay. On the 12th he entered the river tliat hears his name, and proceeded slowly up to a point just ahove the present site of the City of Hudson; thence he sent a boat's crew to explore farther up. and they passed above .Albany. Septeinlier 23d he .set sail down the river and immediately returned to Europe. In I GOT. Samuel Champhiiii. a I'reiicii navigator, sailed up the St. Lawrence, explored its tribu- taries, and on the 4th of July in that year discovered the lake which bears his name. At the time of the discovery of New York by the whites, the .southern and eastern jiortions were inhabited by the ^rohican or Mohegan Indians; while that iiortion west from the Hudson liiver was occu])ied by tive confederate tribes, afterward named by the English the Five Nations, and by the French, the Iroquois, and by themselves called Hodenosaunee — people of the Long House. The long house formed by this confederacy extended east and west through the State, having at its eastern portal the JLihawks, and at its western the Senecas; while between them dwelt the ( )neidas, Onondagas, and Cayugas; and, after 1714, a sixth nation, the Tuscaroras, southeast from < )neicla Lake. Of tliese Indians, Parknian says that at the commencement of the seventeentli century. " in the region now forming the State of New York, a power was rising to a ferocious vitality, which, but for the presence of Europeans, would probably have subjected, absorbed, or exterminated every other Indian community east of the Mississijipi and north of the Ohio. "The Iroquois waa the Indian of Indians. A thorough savage, yet a finished and developed savage, he is, perhaps, an example of the highest elevation which man can reach without emerging from his primitive condition of the hunter. A geograjJiical position commanding on the one hand the portal of the great lakes, and on the other the sources of tlie streams flowing both to the Atlantic and the Mississippi, gave the ambitious and aggressive confederates advantages which they perfectly understood and by which they profited to the utmost. Patient and politic as they were ferocions, they were not only the conquerors of their own race, but the powerful allies and the dreaded foes of the Frencli and 2 History of Moxtclair Township. English colonies, flattered and caressed by liotli. yet too sagacious to give themselves without reserve to either. Tiieir organization and their history evince their intrinsic superiority. Even their traditionary love, amid its wild puei-ilities, shows at times the stamp of an energy and force in striking contrast with the flimsy creations of the Algonquin fancy. That the Iroquois, left under their own institutions, would have ever developed a civilization of their own. I do not believe." These institutions were not only characteristic and curious, but almost uniijue. Without sharino- Morgan's almost fanatical admiration for them, or echoing the praises which Parkman lavishes on them, it may be truly said that their wonderful and cohesive confederation furnished a model worthy to be copied by many civilized nations, while, so long as they were uncontaminated by the vices of civilization, they possessed, with all their savagery. n)any noble traits of character, which would adorn any people in their pnlilic. social, or domestic relations. They made themselves the dreaded masters of all their neighbors east of the ]\Iississippi and carried their victorious arms far to the north, the south and the east. Their dominance is eloquently pictured in Street's " Frontenac " : " The fierce Adirondacs had fled from their wrath. The Hurons been swept from their merciless path, Around, the Ottawas, like leaves, had been strewn And the lake of the Eries struck silent and low ; The Lenapc, lords once of valley and hill Made women, bent low at their conqueror's will : By the far Mississippi the Illini shrank When the trail of the Tortoisk was seen on the bank ; On the hills of New England the Pequod turned pale W'hen the howl of the Woi.f swelled at night on the gale ; And the Cherokee shook in his green, smiling bowers When the foot of the Bear stamped his carpet of flowers." Hudson's journal indicates tliat the Indians on the east side of the Hudson Eiver held no intercourse with those on the west side, and that the former were a niucli more flerce and implacable people than the latter. Tliis probably arose from the fact that those east of the Hudson and along the upper banks were allies of the Iroquois. On the point where New York is now built Hudson fuiuid the Indians a very hostile people, but those living on the western side from the Kills upward, "came daily on board the vessel while she lav at anchor in the river, bringing with them to bai-ter furs, the largest and finest oysters, Indian corn, beans, pumpkins, squashes, grapes, and some apples, all of which they exchanged for trifles." Most writers on Indian antiquities have considered the tribes of the lower Hudson, and of East New Jersey, as branches of the general Delaware nation, or Lenni Lenape, which means original peoj^le. This was a title which they had adopted under the claim that they were descended from the most ancient of all Indian ancestors. This claim was admitted liy the Wyandots, Mianiis, and more than twenty other aboriginal nations, who accorded to the Lenapc the title oi grmulfathers. or a people whose ancestors ante-dated their own. The Rev. John Heckewelder, in his " History of the Manners and Customs of the Indian Nations," says of the Delaware nation : " They will not admit that the whites are superior beings. They say that the hair of their heads, their features, and the various colors of their eyes, evince that they are not. like themselves, Lenni Lenapc. an original peopJe—'A race of men that has existed unchanged from the beginning of time, but that they are a mixed race, and therefore a troublesome one. Whoever they may be, the Great Spirit, knowing the wickedness of their disposition, found it necessary to give them a (ireat Book, and tauo-ht them how to read it, that they might know and observe what He wished them to do, and what to abstain from. ^ But they— the Indians— have no need of any such book to let them know the will of their Maker ; they find it engraved on their own hearts; they have had a suflicient discernment given to them to dis- tinguish good from evil, and by following that they are sure not to err." History of Moxtclair Township. 3 The Delawares, or Lenni Lenape, occupied a domain extending along the seashore from the Chesa- peake to the country Ijordering Long Island Sound. But from the coast it reached the Susquehanna Valley to the foot of the Alleghany ilountains, and on the north joined the soiithern frontier of their domineering neighboi-s — the hated and dreaded Iroquois. This domain included not only the counties of Bergen, Passaic. Hudson and Essex, hut all of the State of New Jersey. In the organization of the .savage communities of the continent, one feature, more or less conspic- uous, continually appears. Each nation or tribe — to adopt the names by which these communities are usually known — is subdivided into several clans. The.se clans are not locally separate, hut are mingled througiiout the nation. AH the members of each clan are, or are assumed to he, intimately joined in consanguinity. Hence it is held an abomination for two jwrsons of the same clan to intermarry; and hence, again, it follows that every family must contain members of at least two clans. Each clan has its name, as the elan of the Hawk, of the Wolf, or of the Tortoise ; and each has for its emblem the figure of the beast, bird, reptile, i)laut, or other object, from which its name is derived. This emblem, called totem, is often tattooed on the clansman's body, or rudely painted over tlic entrance of liis lodge. The child belongs to the clan, not of the father, init of the Tuother. In other words, descent, not of the totem alone, but of all rank, titles and possessions, is thrnugli the female. Tiie son of a chief can never be a chief by hereditary title, though he may become so by force of personal infiuence or achievement. Neither can he iidierit from liis father so much as a tobacco-pipe. Ail possessions pass of riglit to the brothers of the chief, or to the sons of his sisters, since these are all sj)rung from a common mother. The principal tribes composing the Lenni Lenape or I^elaware nation were those of the IJnamis or Turtle, the I'lialachtgo or Turkey, and the ^linsi or Wolf. Tlie trii)es who occu|)ied and roamed over the counties of Berj^en, Passaic, Hudson and JL'sxcx, were those of the Turkey and Wolf branches of the Lenni Lenape nation, but the possessions and boundaries of each cannot lie clearly defined. There was probably a tril)e for every ten it twenty miles, each taking tlieir names from tiic streams near which they severally located. In 1648 they were governed by about twenty kings, which migiit seem U< warrant tiie belief that their numbers were great; but the insignificance of this regal sway is seen from the fact that in one case twelve hundred were under two kings, and some kings had only forty subjects, so that these rulers might with greater correctness be called chiefs. The Wolf, commonly called the Minsi (corruptly called Jlinsevj liad chosen to live back of the other two tribes, and formed a kind of bulwark for their protection, watching the nations of the Mung- we, and being at hand to afford aid in case of rupture with them. The Miiisi were considered the most warlike and active branch of the Lenape. Those most intimately connected with this region were the ^linLsies ami Mohicans — the former being the inhabitants of the range of country frf)m Minisiid< to Staten Island, and from the Hudson to the Raritan Valley. The latter inhabited the east side of the lower Hudson to its mouth. The Dutch called them resi)ectively Swannekins and the Manhicans. According to Brodhead the former were called Wal)ingi or Wappinges, the hitter name, as Ileckewelder claims, being derived from the Delaware word wapimj, signifying opossum. These were divided into numerous tribes, and the latter again into clans. In this section of New Jersey they were railed Karitans, Ilackensacks (or Ackinkes-hacky), Pomptons, and Tappaens. On Manhattan Lsland dwelt the fierce Manhattans, whom De Laet calls " a wicked nation," and " enemies of the Dutch.'' These names, together with their chiefs, appear in the treaty between the Dutch and the Indians soon after the war in lGi4 (^brought on tlirough the hai-sh and unjust treatment of the latter by Kieft), as follows : " This day, being the 3(tth of August, 164.5, appeared in Fort Amsterdam, before the Director and Council, in the presence of the whole Commonality, the Sachems of the savages as well in their own behalf, as being authorized by the neighboring savages, namely : Oeataney, Chief of Ackinkes-hacky (meaning low lands), Sessekenick and "William, Chiefs of Tappaen and liecJcgawawank, Pacham and 4 History of Montclair Towxsmii'. Pennewink (wlio were hei'e yesterday and gave tlieir power of attorney to tlie fortiier, and also took ujjon themselves to answer for those oi 0/n/?ii'i/ and the vicinity oi Mtij(niweti/ine//u>i. oi JL-inr/KuricJi; oi Nyack and its neighborhood) and Aep.ien, who pei'sonally appeared, speaking in l)ehalf of Wajfjnnx, Wiqxuieskecks, Sintsnicks and Jvichtawons.''' "Whitehead, in his " East New Jersey under the Proprietary Governments,"' concludes that there were not more than two thousand Indians within the province while it was under the domination of the Dutch. Fifty years later it was stated that they — the Indians — are greatly decreased in niimbers. And the Indians themselves say that "two of them die to every one Christian that comes here." Before the European exjjlorers had penetrated the territories of the Lenapi', the power and prowess of the Iroquois had reduced the former nation to the condition of vassals, and when in 1742 they were commanded by the old Iroquois chief, Connosscitigo, at the treaty of council iu I'hiladelphia, instantly to leave the court house, and to prepare to vacate their hunting grounds on the Delaware and its tributaries, the outraged and insulted red men were completely crestfallen and crushed : but they had no alternative, and must obey. They at once left the presence of the Iroquois, returned to their homes, which were now to be their homes no longer, and soon afterward migrated to the country bordering the Susquehanna, and beyond that river. The Indians of this locality were quiet, peaceal)le and domestic in their habits, and there existed among them a code of honor — engraven on their hearts by the Great Sjnrit — which would put to shame their white neiglil)ors, who were kejit in restraint only by wholesome laws vigorously enforced, and all attempts by the Dutch to corrnjit and demoralize their savage (?) neighbors by the introduction of "fire water" met with a manly resistance on the part of the Indian Chiefs, as appeal's by the following : " Warrant empowering Oratam, Chief of IIackingkeshacky, axd Mattano, another Chief, to seize any brandy found in their country, and take it, with the persons selling it, to New Amsterdam. "Whereas, Oratam, Chief of Hackingkeshacky, and other savages, have complained several times, that many selfish people dare not only to sell brandy to the savages in this city, but also to carry whole ankers of it into their country, and peddle it out there, from which, if it is not prevented in time, many troubles will arise, therefore the Director-General and Council of New Netherland, not knowing for the present a better way to stop it, authorize the said chief, together with the Sachem Mattenonck, to seize the brandy brought into their country for sale, and those offering to sell it, and bring them here, that they may be punished as an example to others." Local Indian names, and other evidences, clearly indicate that the territory comprised within the present township of Montclair was at one time the habitation of one or more of the several clans of Indians. Early surveys show that Indian paths led through this region of country, and that the route of the various tribes in passing from the seashore to the interior led along this line. On one of the early maps is shown the Indian path which led to the Minisink. From the Shrewsbury north-west it crossed the Raritan west of Amboy, and thence northerly to Minisink Island in the Delaware. This was the great path from the sea to the Minisink, the Indian council seat. The most direct route from the Hudson to Minisink Island was through the great notch on the first mountain, four miles north of Montclair, which struck the main path near Little Falls. There were also inter.secting paths through the same terri- tory. The several routes led to the Minisink, about seven miles west of Watchschunk Mountain, through the notch at Eagle Rock and other openings through the mountain. LOCAL NAMES. Nearly, if not quite all the Indian names in this locality indicate their origin from the language of the Delaware Indians, most of them being mispelt as well as misinterpreted. Wachimg, referring to the First Mountain, is evidently a corrujition of Wachtschunk. meaning " on the hill." The name of History of Moxtclaik Township. 5 " Watsessinj; " or " Wardsesson '' as early applit'd to Bloomiield, is doubtless from the word Waktschieclien, meaning crooked. Mr. I), (t. Brinton, author of " Aboriginal Amkrican Authoes and their Produc- tions," writes: "I would say that vou arc <|uite Hirht in supposins: Wachung — Wachtschunk — on the hill, or, at the mountain, or. the hilly spot. The name Watsessing I take to be a form of AVaktschieehen, it is crooked (i.<.'., a road, a stream, etc. i. In this case the traditional rendering you give seems to me well founded." Pachseyink — in the valley — is doubtless the original of •• Passaic," or " Pesayic," as spelled in the early records. Hachkihacanink — in the field ; fc>epunk — to or on the river ; Ilatink — in or near the earth; Meechekachink — at the big rock; Tekenink — in the woods; TapiAvi — on the river bank. HABITS AND GOVERNMENT OF THE DELAWARES. The ordinary form of .salutation of the Delawares was : •' I thank the Great Spirit that he has pre- served our lives to this time of our happy meeting again. I am indeed very glad to see you." "They do not tight with each other; they say that lighting is only for dogs and beasts; they are, however, fond of play and pa.-siiig a joke, yrt are very ranful that they do not offend.'^ " They have great respect for the aged ; they have a strong innate sense of justice." A well-known writer says : " Tlie Delawares were eminent for valor and wisdom, and held a prominent place in Indian history, but on the rise of the Iroquois power, they lost their independence and fell under suspicion because many of them applied themseves to agriculture. "It may justly be a subject of wonder, how a nation without a written code of laws, or a system of jurisprudence without any form or constitution of government, and without even a single elective or hereditary magistrate, can sulhsist together in peace and hap])iness, and in the exercise of the highest virtues — how a people can be well and etticiently governed without any external autliority. The secret of it is found in the early education of their children. The first step that parents take toward the edu- cation of their children is to prepare them for future lia])piness by impressing upon their tender minds that they are indebted for their existence to a great, good and benevolent Spirit, who has not only given them life, but has ordained them for certain gieat purposes. That he has given them a fertile, extensive country, well stocked with game of every kiml for their subsistence, and that by u.se of his inferior spirits he has also sent down to them from above coon, pumpkins, squashes, beans, and other vegetables, for tlieir nuurishment. That this great Sjiirit looks down upon the Indians to .«ee whether they are grateful to him. and make him a due return for the many benefits he has bestowed ; and, therefore, that it is their duty to show tlieir thankfulness by worshiping and doing that which is pleasing in his sight. Tliev are taught in everything to ])lease the (ireat Spirit. When the child does a commendable act the father will say : ' May the (ireat Spirit who looks upon him grant this child a long life ' " Trkaimk.nt of TiiK WiiMK.v. — .\n Indian loves to see his wife well clothed, which is a proof that he is fond of her. In bartcrini: the skins and pelfry with the trader, when the wife finds an article which she thinks will suit or please her husband she never fails to purchase it for him ; .she tells him that it is her choice, and he is never dissatistied. The more a man does for his wife the more he is esteemed in the community. Chapter II Outline of New Jersey. — Okigin of the J^ame. — Philip Carteret Appointed Governor — Gov- ernor Anuros of New York Claims Jurisdiction Over New Jeksev. — Resistance bt the People. — Re-affirmation from England ok Carteret's Authority. — Government Under the Twenty-fouk Proprietors. — Union of East and West New Jersey. — Lord Coknbury's Rule — The Colonial Government from its Commencement to its Termination. X tlie l-!tli of March, 1(>()4, (Hiai'les II., of Eiiglaiul, granted to liis lirotlicr James, Duke of York, Inter uliag, all that part of New Netlierland lying cast of Delaware Bay, and sent a force under Sir Rohert Carr ami Vo\. Rieliard Nicoll to dis]wssess the Dutch of their territory in the New World. General Stuyvesant, of New Amsterdam, was, by reason of his defenseless condition, compelled to surrender without resistance, and the conquest of the colony on the Delaware was accomplished l>y Sir Rohert Carr "with the expenditure of two barrels of powder and twenty shot." Tlie Duke's squadron was yet on the Atlantic, and the country yet in possession of the Dutch, when he, by deeds of lease and release, dated the 24:th of June, conveyed to John, Lord Berkeley, a brother of the Governor of Virginia, and Sir George Carteret, the tract of land lying between the Hudson and the Delaware Rivers, "which said tract of land is hereafter to be called by the name or names of JVeiv Cwsarea or New Jersey." [The name was given in compliment to Sir George Carteret, who had defended the island of Jersey against the long Parliament in the civil war, but the powers of government which had been expressly granted by the Duke were not in terms conveyed, though it would seem that both jiarties deemed them to have passed by the grant. | The proprietors formed a constitution, or, as it was termed, " concessions and agreements of the lords proprietors," which secured equal privileges and liberty of conscience to all ; and it continued in force till the division of the province in 1(u^'>. In August, 16ti5, Philip Carteret, a brother of Sir George, was appointed governor, and he made Elizabethtown the seat of government. The constitution established a representative government, and made liberal provision for the settlers. In a few years domestic disputes arose, and in K!"^ an insuri'ection occurred, compelling General Carteret to leave the province. In 1673 England and Holland were at war, and a squadron was sent by the Dutch to repossess New Netherlands, which was surrendered without resistance by Captain JManning, in the absence of Governor Lovelace. On the conclusion of peace between England and Holland, New Netherlands was restored to the former. The Governor of New York, ^Major Edmund Andros, claimed juristliction over New Jersey, insisting that the Dutch conquest extinguished the proprietary title ; but early in 1075 (Tovernor Carteret returned and resumed the government of the eastern part of the province. He was kindly received by the people, who had become dissatistied with tlio arbitrary rule of (Governor Andros. A new set of concessions was published, and peaceable subordination was established in the colony. Governor Andros, however, continued his efforts to enforce his claims of jurisdiction, and issued a proclamation abrogating the Carteret government, and recpiiring "all persons to submit forthwith to the King's authority as embodied in himself." To this the people of Newark replied: "The town being History of Montci.air Towxship. 7 met together, give their positive answer to tlie Governor of York's writ that they have taken the oath of allegiance to the King, and tidelity to the present government, and until we have siiiRcient order from his Majesty we will stand hy the same." Suliseqnently Carteret himself wrote to Andros : " It was hy his Majestv's eipinmands that this government was established, and without the same commands shall never be resigned hut with our lives and fortunes, the people resolving to live and die with the name of true subjects, and not traitors." Tlie difficulty was finally settled by a reaffirmation from England of Carteret's authority, and a complete renunciation by the Duke of York of governmental right in New Jersey. Sir (ieorge Carteret died in IBT'J. By ids will he directed the sale of that jxvrt of the province for the payment of his debts, and it was accordingly sold to William Peun and eleven others, who were termed the twelve proprietoi"s. A fresh impetus was given to tlie settlement of the country, especially by the peo})le of Scotland. Each of the twelve ])roprietors took a partner, and they all came to be known as the twenty-four ]iroprietors. and to them the Duke of York, on the lith of March, 1082, made a fresh grant. I'nder the new regime in Xew Jersey, Robert Barclay, one of the proprietors, was chosen Governor for life, with power to name his de]iuties. There were, in succession, Thomas Rudyard (1683), Gawen Lawrie, Lord Neil Campbell, and Alexander Hamilton. In West New Jersey Samuel Jennings was commissioned deputy governor by Byllinge in 1(580, and during the next year he convened an ii.*send»ly which adopted a constitution and form of government. His successors were Thomas Olive, John S. Keene, William Welsh, Daniel Co.xe and Andrew Hamilton. In 1701 the condition of affairs in both ])rovinces had arrived at that state when the benefits of good government were not attainable. Each had many proprietors, and their conflicting interests occasioned such discord that the people became (juite willing to listen to overtures for a surrender of the proprietary government. " The proprietors, weary of contending v.ith each other and with the people, drew up an instrument whereby they .surrendered their right of government to the crown, which was accepted by (^)ueen .Vnne. on the ITth of .\pril, 17n2. The Queen at once reunited the two provinces, and placed the government of New Jersey, as well as of New York, in the hands of her kinsman. Lord (Jornbury." Cornl)ury"s rule was terminated by the revocation of his commission in 1708. He was succeeded by .lolm. Lord Lovelace, who soon died, anil the functions of government were discharged by Lieutenant- Governor lnglesl)y till 171", when (Governor Hunter commenced his admini.-tration. He was followed in 172U by William Ihirnet, who was removed to Boston in 1727. John Montgonierie then became Governor, and continued until his death in 1731. The government then devolved on John Anderson, President of the Council, who died in about two weeks, and was succeeded by John Hamilton (son of Andrew Hamilton, Governor under the proprietors), who .served nearly two years. In 1738 Lewis Morris, Esq., was appointed Governor of New Jersey, " separate from New York." His successors were John Reading, Jonathan Belcher, John Boone, .losiah Hardy, and. in 17*53, William Franklin, the last of the roval governors, and a son of Benjamin Franklin. Chapter III. GEOLOGICAL FOEMATION OF ESSEX COUNTY, (From Prof. Gerrge H. Cook's Geology of the State. i HAT portion of New Jer.sey wliicli is of tlie Triassic or lied Saiicistone Age, is included in a lielt of ccamtrv wliieli ]ia.s tlie Highland range of mountains on its north-west side, and a line alnio.-^t straight from Stntcn Island Sonnd, near Wnodbridge, to Trenton, on its south-east. It has the northern houndary and the Hudson Kiver <.)n the north-east, and the Delaware on the south-west. The area within these hounds is entirely free from rocks of an earlier age, and al.so from anv extensive formations of a later period. The strong and decided red color of the prevailing rock of this formation has given name to the whole, and while most of the names of the kind have been discarded by the geologists, tins is so striking and suggestive that it i-eceives the approval of all. Prominent in the Triassic district are the two long and parallel ranges of trap-rock, known in Es.sex county as the First and Second Mountains. The eastermost or outer ridge we shall call, for convenience of description, the First Mountain, while the inner parallel range may be termed Second Mountain. The former, rising at Pluckamin, in Somerset county, has an ea.st-southeast trend, for seven miles, to the gorge through which passes Middle Brook. The continuous ridge runs thence on an cast aiul north-east course to ]\Iillbnrn, in Essex county, a distance of sixteen iniles, where the gap between the two ends of the disconnected range is about one and a half miles. From Millbui-n to Paterson. a distance of fifteen miles, its course is a little east of north. The whole length of this mountain from its rise at Pluckamin to its terminus near Siccomae is forty-eight miles, and its general trend is north-nortiicast. The prominent and characteristic feature of this mountain is the great ditference between its inner and outer slopes. That toward the Second Mountain is gentle, while tliat toward the red sandstone country is steep, and in many places precipitous. Tiie former corresponds to the dip of the shale or sand- stone which forms the basis upon which the trap rests, and at nearly all points trap constitutes the rock of this declivity. The steep outer slope shows sandstone or shale at the base, and up to the precipitous bluffs of trap, covered, however, in places, by the debris from the rock above. The breadth of this range is quite uniform, from one to two miles. The height is also remarkably uniform, ranging from three hundred to six huundred and fifty feet above the level of the sea. Everywhere the trap forms the crest and upper portion of this slope, under which is the sandstone, generally covered by trap debris. The top of the sandstone is from one hundred to one inindred and fifty feet below the top of the mountain. The located line marks the base of this steep face, and is at the same distance from the top of the mountain. It is plain on all roads crossing the ridge, cy.^ on the old South Orange Turnpike, the mountain roaounds, and receive thereafter corresponding allotments of land. He signed the first agreement 4tli June, 1649, at general meeting of all the planters, in ilr. Newman's barn : took Ihe oath of fidelity at the organization of the government, with Campfield, Pennington, (iovernor Eaton and others. In l(i44 lie was " freed from watching and trayning in his own person, because of his weakness, but to find one for his time."" At East Haven he was interested in a bog furnace in Kiol; he removed to ISninfoni in l(i.->2, and represented the town in the (reneral Court of the Jurisdiction in 1053. The restoration of the Stuarts in 1660 wa.s not favorably received in New England, and wiicn tlie time arrived for the next election in New Haven Jurisdiction it was difficult to find ]HMsons willing to accept office. Mr. William Leite was chosen Governor. Mi-. Matthew (iilbert. Deputy Governor, Jlr. Rohkrt Treat and Mr. .J.\si'ki! Cii.vxi:, Magistrates. After the restoration of Charles II., AVhalley aial (iolfe, the Regicide Judges, escaped to New P^ngland and were reported in the New Haven Colony. The pursuivants who were sent in pursuit of the fugitives ajiplied to Deputy Governor Leite. and demanded military aid, and a power to search and apprehend. "The Court was called together and Magistrate Cr.\.nk, of liranford. had arrived in company with Liete."" " The Magistrates held a consultation of two or three hours, after which, being further pressed by the pursuivants to do their duty and loyalty to his Majesty or not. it was answered they would lirst know whether his Majesty would own them." Magistrates Crane, Gilbert and Treat subsecpiently issued a warrant for the arrest of the fugitives, but as the most prominent men in the colony were in sympathy with, and aided in concealing them, the warrant was never executed, liev. .Mr. Davenport, their leader, covertly advised them so to do. He preached to his people from I.saiah xvi., '.'• ami 4: " Take counsel, execute judgment, make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noonday; hide the oufnistx, betray not him that wandereth. Let mine outca.sts dwell with thee. .Moab, be thou a covert to them from the face of the spoiler."" In this controversy between the Colonies of Connecticut and New Haven, growing out of the new- charter granted to Connecticut by Charles II., in ir,tl2, .Iasper Ckank and KoiiKRT Treat bore a promi- nent part in liringing about a })eaceful .settlement. A comniTinication from the Connecticut Colony was reafi at a meeting of the freemen of the New Haven Colony held at New Haven, November 4, 10G2, setting forth the advantages of the patent, with the " earnest desire that there may be a ha|)py and comfortable union between yourselves and xis accord- ing to the terms of the charter." The reply to this communication was signed by William Leite, Matthew Gilbert, Benjamin Fenn, Jasper Crank, Robert Treat, William Jones, John Davenport, Nicholas Street, Abrah. I'ierson, and Roger Newton. On the 10th of August a '•committee was appointed to treat with our honored friends of New Haven, Milford, Branford and Guilford, about settling the union, and incorporate with the Colony of Connecticut."" Among the queries jjropounded by the New Haven Colony, and finally accepted by Connecticut, was one providing "That the Wor.shipful Mr. Leite, Mr. Gilbert, Mr. Jones, Mr. Fenn, Mr. Treat and Mr. Crane be and remain in magisterial power within the county, and any three or more of them as they see cause to have power to keep a county court, they choosing out from amongst themselves a 12 History of Montclair Township. moderator j>>''^ tempore, in the president's absence, whom we hereby nominate to be Worshipfiil Mr. Leite for the county, and they to stand in force mitil an orderly election of officers at general election in May next," etc. Notwitlistanding these peacefnl negotiations, the inliabitants of the Xew Haven Colony were greatly disturbed at the possible termination of affairs. Mr. Davenport and otlier ministers were strongly of the opinion that all government powers should be vested in the churches, and the churches were unanimously opposed to being united with Connecticut. In New Haven, only church members in fxdl communion could be freemen. The adopted tenet of the Connecticut Colony was that all bajitized per- sons, not convicted of scandalous actions, are so far church members that, upon acknowledging their baptismal covenant, and promising an outward conformity to it, though without any pretension to inward and spiritual religion, they may present their children for baptism. This was known as the " Half-Way Covenant," and continued in force in Connecticut for more than a hundred years. The proposed union aroused deep feeling through all the New Haven Colony settlements. Bran- ford people were especially disturbed. Rev. Mr. Pierson and others had left Southampton, L. I., because they found it was claimed by Connecticut. Now they were to be under Connecticut jurisdiction after all. This was the blighting of all their hopes. They did not believe thei-e could be any good and safe government for Christian people unless the voting and office-holding were all in the hands of Christians. Having "spent so much of their means and so much of their labor on houses, fences, mills, lands, and done so much for living comfortably, it was a serious matter to bi-eak up, go into another wilderness, and begin again." Their labor of twenty-three years meant a great deal. Excessively alarming and distasteful were these views to the supporters of the policy of the fathers. Without money, credit, or political affiliations of any importance, they yet clung to the hope of independ- ence, believed the danger from England to be averted, and spurned " the Christless rule of Connecticut." Mr. Davenport was very bitter at the action of Leite. He wrote to Gov. Winthrop in 1603: "As for what Mr. Leite wrote to j'ourself, it was his private doing, without the consent or knowledge of any of us in the colony ; it was not done by him according to his public trust as Governor, but contrary to it." A serious division of sentiment had arisen in the colony which threatened its very existence. New Haven and Branford supported the cause of " Godlj- Government"; but Mr. Leite was continued in his office, and the nominal head of the elder faction, Matthew Gilbert, was, as usual, chosen to the sub- ordinate office of Deputy Governor. Many now began openly to declare themselves citizens of Connecti- cut, and to isrnore the New Haven officers and laws. Taxes coidd not be collected, and the colony, unable to f)ay the regular salaries of its officials, was jiluiiging deeper and deeper into debt. Discouraged and almost disheartened at the inexorable logic of events, ^Iv. Davenpoi-t exclaimed, "The cause of Christ in New Haven is miserably lost." Chapter V. TiiK •' WISE mi;n OF GOOD repokt" sent IX Search of a Xew Canaan. — Difficulties Encountekkd. — AxxiFrrv of Stuyvesaxt to secure the Settlement of the New Haven Colonists for New Jersey. — The "Agreement" of the Branford Colonists. — Landing of the Milford Colon- ists. — Unexpected Difficulties with the Indians. — Formal Conveyance of the Lands by the Indians. — Additional Conveyance of Land extending to the top of Watciiuno Mountain. (HE events narrated in the preceding ciiaptcr whicii seemed so dark miuI foreljoding to the Now Haven f(j]onists proved to tlieni a l(les.-iing in disgnit^e. Tlie "land of promise" — the New Canaan — was awaiting them, wiiere tliey could not only "worship God under their own vine and tig tree." but where they could regulate their civil affairs in accordance with their own convictions of truth anil right. The possible overthrow of his plans liad itccii furc-'Uen liy Mr. Davenport, ;uk1 by the leaders of his party during the quarrel with the townsmen in 16o8-()U, and at tliat time they had secretly .sent out "wise men of good report" in searcli of a New Canaan. They turned naturally to the Delaware region with which they were already familiar, having {)revioiisly invested large amounts in that locality. -V Committee of Inspection was .sent thither in ItJGl, and on the .sth of November, Matthew Gilbert, Deputy Governor of the Colony of New Haven, wrote from ^[ilfor^l to Governor Stuyvesant at New Amsterdam, informing him that "a Coinjmnie of Considerable that came into N. E. that they might serve God w"" a pure conscience and enjoy such lil)erties and ]>riveledges, both Civill and Ecclesiasticall. as might best advantage unto, and strengthen them in the end and worke aforesaid, W^"" also, through the mercy of God, they have enjoyed for more than twentie yeares together, and the Lord havcing blessed them w"' posterities so that their numbers are increased and they being desirous to p'vide for their posterities so tliat their outward comfortable subsistence and their soulles welfare might in the use of sutable means througli the blessing of the Almighty, be obtained, — that this company having been encouraged so to do by the courtesy extended by the Governor to persons appointed to visit 'some adjacent parts' on a previous occasion, had appointchich preceded the settlement, was perfected by the execution of a moie formal instrument at a conference with them lield "at the head of the Cove of Bound Brook," July 11, Ififi?. which defines the boundaries as follows : That Wek the said Wapamuck, the Sakanuxker, and AVamesane, Peter, Captamin, Wecapj-okikam, Napeam, Perawae, Sessom, IMamustome, Cacanakrue, and Ilarish, doe, for ourselves and With Consent of the Indians, Bargain, sell and deliver, a Certain tract of Land, Upland and Meadow of all sorts; Wether Swamps, Rivers, Brooks, Springs, fishings. Trees of all sorts, Quaries and Mines, or Metals of what sort soever. With full liberty of hunting and fouling upon the same. Excepting Liberty of hunting for the above said i)roi)rietors that were ujtpon the upper commons, and of tishing in the above said Pesayak River; which tract of Land is bounded and Limited with the bay Eastward, and the great River Pesayak Northward, the great Creke or River in the meadoM* running to the head of the Cove, and from thence bareing a West Line for the South bounds, wh. said Great Creke is Commonly Called, and Known by the name of Weequachick on the West Line backwards in the Country to the foot of tlie great mountain called Watchung, being as is Judged, about seven or eight miles from Pesayak town; the said Mountaine, as Wee are Liformed, hath one branch of Elizabethtown River running near the above said foot of the mountaine ; the bounds northerly, viz.: Pesayak River reaches to the Third River above the towne, ye River is called Yauntakah ; and from thence upon a northwest line to the aforesaid mountaine ; all of which before mentioned Lands for the several kinds of them, and all the singular benefits and Privileges belonging to them, with ye sevi-al bounds affixed and ex])ressed herein, as also free liberty and range for Cattle, horses, hoggs, and that though they range beyond any of the bounds in this Deed expressed, to feed and pasture Without Molestion or of damage to the owners of cattle itc, above said. Wee, the above said Indians, AVapamuck &c doe sell, Alienate, make over, and Confirm all Right, Title and Interest of us, our heires and Successors, for ever Unto the said Lands, &c as above-mentioned to Mr. Obadiah Bruen, Mr. Samel Kitchell, Mr. Michael Tompkins, John Browne, and Robert Denison, towns- men and Agents for ye English Inhabitants of Pesayak, to them, their heires and associates for Ever ; to have hold and dispose of, Without Claim, Let or Molestation from ourselves or any other Whatsoever These Lands, ttc are thus sold and delivered for and in consideration of fifty double hands of powder ; one hundred bars of lead, twenty axes^ twenty Coates, ten Guns, twenty Pistols, ten Kettles, ten Swords, four blankets, four barrells of beere, ten pair of breeches, fifty knives, twenty howes, eight hundred fathem of wampem, two Ankers of Liequers, or something Equivalent, and three troopers' Coates ; these things are received, only a small number engaged to them by bill," etc. Eleven years later, on the 13th of Mai'cli, 167S, the western limits of the tract were extended to the top of the mountain by a deed from two other Indians, the consideration for the extension being "two guns, three coats and thirteen cans of rum." The boundary line of the town on the south, separating it from Elizabethtown, as agreed upon on the 20th of May, 1668, ran from " the top of a little round hill named Divident hill ; and frrun thence to run upon a northwest line into the country " until History of Montclair Township. 17 it reacheil tlie Watcluiiiij Mdiiiitaiii. The commissioners appointed for tliis work from Newark were Jasper Crane, Robert Treat. Matthew Camfield. Samuel Swaine, and Tliomas Johnson : from Elizabeth- town. Jolm Ogdeii, Luke Watson. Robert Bond, and Jeifrev Jones. It wa.s ])roposed b_v the Milford settlers to call the new settlement after their own town in the New Haven Colony, and it was called Milford until the arrival of the Branford people. Tlien. upon a formal or^canization of the town government, the name wa.s dropped iind Newark substituted. The substitute appears to Lave been agreed upon in honor of Rev. Abraiiam I'ierson, the first Pastoral Shepherd of the place, who came origiiuillv from Newark-on-Trent, and who, although second on the li.st of the Branford emigrants, -was second to none in the esteem and reverence of the entii-e commmiity. In the old "Town Book" which is still j)reserved. the name is written Xew-AVokkk. The territory thus acquired by moral right from the natives, and by a legal right finni tiie proprietors, embraced the present townships of Newark. Orange. Bloumtield. Bellcvibe, (lintnn. and Montclair. In the division nf the land.s, each settler received a " hotne lot" in the town laid out on the river, for which lots were drawn, the division being in strict conformity with Hebrew jirecedents — always the Puritanic model. There were, also, fii*st, -second, antj third divisions of the '• upland," with an equitable distrii)ution of the "bogged meadow." Chapter VI, Government of the "New-Worke" Colonists. — Liberal Treatment of the Indians and New Settlers who could not Sdbscribe to the ''Fundamental Agreement." — Capacity or the Colonists for Self-Government; Existing for Twelve Years with no other Government THAN THE "FUNDAMENTAL AGREEMENT." EXTRACTS FROM THE ToWN EeCORDS RELATING TO Local Government. — Jasper Crane, Robert Treat and Matthew Camfield Chosen Magistrates. — Organization of the "First ('Hurch of Newark." — Rev. Abraham Pierson and his Successors. — Increase in Population. — Laying out of the Highway as far as the Mountain. — Application of Deacon Azaeiah Crane for Land for a Tanyard. — Establish- ment of Additional Plantations. — Cranetown. Watsessing, Etc. — "Early Outlands and Houses." — Old Roads. ^^iHE little band of expatriated New Haven Colonists, after nearly thirty years of wander- ji iiigs, foiiiul at last their ideal "Canaan." Without coniiting the exodns from England to Lynn, Mass., there were then three removals within thirty years and each time in search of a " Government according to God." 1. From Lynn to Southampton, L. L 2. Thence "i^^ to Branford. 8. From Branford to New Jersey. It has been stated that Branford moved bodily to Newark; this, however, is an exaggeration. Mr. Pierson was a more bitter ^^t parti,san than Mr. Davenport, and the history of his flock was indeed a " moving " one. " Our Towne on Passaick " was Utiy named by its founders " New-Worke." It was to be a Avork of love. Recognizing as they did the "Fatherhood of God" and the " Brotherhood of Man," they built accordingly. A government was established in the wilderness, the fundamental principles of which were drawn from the Mosaic Law. The history of this people for more than a quartei- of a century was a i-epetition of God's chosen people under the rule and guidance of the judges and prophets. On entering the " land of Canaan," however, they did not attempt to " drive out the heathen," but lived at peace with their Indian neighl)ors. In the testimony of the Council of Proprietors at a later period it is stated that : " We are well assui^d that since the lirst settlement of New Jer.sey, there is not one instance can be assigned of any breach of peace with the Indians thereof (though very few of the other provinces can say so as to their Indians); nor that any proprietor ever presumed to dispossess one of them, or disturb him in his possession ; but have alway amicably paid them for their claims, from time to tiuie, as they could agree with them." There was nothing false, nothing Pharisaical about these Puritan settlers. They were brave and honest enough to say exactly what they meant and what they de.sired, and while they encouraged honest settlers to come among them, they embodied in their Fundamental Agreements the following article : '"The planters agree to submit to such magistrates as shall be annually chosen by the Friends from among themselves, and to such laws as we had in the jilace whence we came." Another provision was as follows : "/few;, it is agreed upon that in case any shall come into us or rise up amongst us that shall will- ingly or willfully disturb us in our Peace and Settlements, and especially that would subvert us from the Religion and Worship of God, and cannot or will not keep their opinions to themselves, or be reclaimed after due time and means of convictinn and reclaiming hath been used; it is unanimously agreed upon History of Monti i. air Townsiiii'. 19 and fuiiseiited unto, as a Fundamental Agreement and Order tiiat all [.such] persons so ill-disposed and affected, shall, after notice given tlieni from the town, ipiietly depart the place seasonably, the Town allowing them valuable consideration for their Lands and Houses as indifferent men shall price them, or else leave them to make the best of them to any ^Um the Township shall approve of." The capacity of this people for self government was early tested. "Will you know," inquires Bancroft, " with how little government a community of husbandmen maybe safe '. For twelve years the whole pi'ovince wa.s not in a settled CDudition. From June, Hi89. to August, 1692, East Jersey liad no government whatever." The maintenance of order during this period rested wholly witli the local authorities and with the peoitle thciiiselves. A town meeting was accordingly convened, March :i."i. 1089-90, to pnnide for the exigency. Hamilton, the 1 )cputy (iovernor. having left for Europe the preceding August, it was •' \'otey Mi-. William .V. Whitehead and Mr. Samuel II. Conger for the New Jersey Historical Society : i'owx M?;Kri.\(;. Jan. lOtis. Mr. Crane and Mr. Treatt are Cho.sen Magistrates for the Year Insueing for our Town of Newark. Itfiii. Mr. Crane and Mr. Treatt arc Chosen deputies or I'.urgesses for the Ceneral Assembly, for the Year Insueing; and Lieut. Sanniel Swaine is Chosen a Third man in Case of either the other Failing. Town Meeting, the tir.st of January ItiC.H. Mr. .Ias|>er Crane anil Mr. Robert Treatt and Mr. Matthew Cantield are chosen Magistrates for our Town for the ensueing year. Item. The .said Mr. Crane and .Mr. Treatt are chosen Dei)uties for the General A.le." He was succeeded by his son. who was his assistiuit during nine years of his pastorate. Others followed the younger Piei-son, and continued in the good old way. The sixth regular pastor of the First Church was IJev. Jose|)h Webb, a graduate of Vale, who was ordained by the Presbytery of Philadelidiia, Oct. 2l!d, 1710. The Presbyterian ordination and settlement of Mr. Wel)b is the tirst indicatiim which appears of the people turning aside from "the Congregational way." Though the leatnngs of the second Pieison were toward Presbyterianisni, the form of worship in his time and duriiiir the time of his succes.sors. until Mr. Wi'bb's ailvent, was Congregational. There is no record of the prcci>c time of the change. Tlir ditference between the two forms was compaiatively so slight, that from the tirst. in New England and in New Jersey, jiersons of lioth persuasions lived in peace, har- mony and good fellowship together, except when tirebrand zealots appeared in their midst and sowed discord. About the year 1[t7-S, it was "voted that Thomas llayse. Joseph Harrison, Jasper Crane and Matthew Cantield shall view whether Azariah Ci'ane may have land for a tan yard at the front of John Plum's home lot, out of the common, and in ca.se the men above iniMitioned agree that .\zariali Crane shall have the land, then he. the said .\zariali Crane, shall v\\'\o\ it so long as he doth follow the trade of tanning." .\s is shown by the Towne IJook that he and Edwai'd Ball had been settled near the mountain n;any ycar> it is to be supposed that the decision of the examiners in the matter of the tan yard was against him. Jasper Crane, Thoma^ Huntington, Samuel Kitchell, and Aaron Itiatchley, are owners of land "at the head of Second River." Sanniel Swaine in acres at the foot of the mountain with John Baldwin Sen'r on the north. " By warrant April 27, HJ'Ji, there was laid out by John Gardner a tract of land at the foot of the mountain, having Azariah Crane on the northeast and Jasper Crane on the southwest." Cranetown and Watse.ssing, which were snb.sequently included in the township of Bloomfield, were simply outlying plantations of the " Towne on the Eiver," taken up and occupied by a few of the original settlers of Newark. AVhile it is evident that there were other settlers in this locality, the name of Cranetown was doubtless given in lioiKjr of Jasjier (,'rane and Deacon Azariah, his son, both of whom 22 History of Moxtci.air Township. were held in liigh esteem throiioliout the entire coniniunity. At jnst what period the name was given, and the exact boundaries inchuled in tlie original ]iurchase is not known. Ilev. Charles E. Knox, in his History of Montclair Township, undur tlie head of the Early Outlands and Houses, says : " Even before the second purchase from the Indians had fully established the right to the slope of the mountains the first land owners had made their way from the Passaic to the top of the mountain. Tn the proprietory records the iirst name on the list of surveys of these outlands is Jasper Craine, in KITS. IJesides his ' home lot ' in the settlement, his lots on the ' Great Neck,' and his lot near the head of Mill Bi'ook, he has land tiiat year ' at the /((.'(^c/ of y*" Second River," twenty acres, with ^Ir. Samuel Kitchell on tlie north, with Thomas Huntington on the east, and with common land south and west. Another adjoining land-owner is Aaron Blackley. Tliis group of fmir iand-owneis, tbree with surveys in l^u'i and one with a survey in 1679, is located, according to the descriptions, 'at the head of Second River," ' lying in the branches of Second River," "by the tirst branch of the Second Rivei'," with a highway running east and west along the side of one of the tracts. This location was, no doubt, in the heart of the present Montclair, some- where l)etween the old Fordiiam Crane mansion [on the Valley Road] and south, end of the town, along the Second River. The east and west road »*'/// have l)een the present Church street or a road con- necting eastward with Y/atseson as Bloomlield was then called. "In addition to these owners of outlands in the centre of the present 2>0])ulation, there were also extending along the mountain from the northern part of Orange to the northern part of Montclair a good number of others whose names can be traced. There were 7iear the mountain, in 1075, John Ward (turner) and John Baldwin Sr. At the mountain, in 1(175. Robert Leyman, Sergt. Richard Harrison and Samuel Swaine ; in 1()S4! Azariah Crane and John Cardner, and in IfiSG Nathaniel Wheeler, John Johnson, Mr. Ward and the Widow Ogden. Bt'tween the mountain and Wigwam Brook, in 1CS5, Mathew Williams, Paul, George and Samuel Day, and Mary Day, 'now Mary Cliff.' Ujxm the mountain, Robert Leyman and John Baldwin. At the mountain, with land reaching to the foji of the mountain, in 1675 John CatHn and John iiaidwin, Sr., Hannah Freeman and Richard Harrison. At the foot of the mountain, in 107!:t, Sannicl Harrison, Anthony Ollif (()live) Jolni Catlin and Tiiomas Johnson; in 1604, John Condner, Azariau Ckaxe, and John Baldwin Jr. Along the mountain, Edward Ball in 1694; [Dr. Wickes, in his History of the Oranges, places the residence of Azai'iali Crane, near the present Valley Road, a little south and west of Chnrcii street; and tliat of Edward 1 'all, at or near the corner of Valley Road and Church street] between Third River and the mountain at the Acqnackanonck line, at about the end of the century, John Cooper and Samuel Kitchell ; and between Toney's Brook and the mountain, in the new century, in 1724, Joseph Ogden, 'adjoining to the plantation of Vanneuklos, on which he now dwells." " These land-owners, who had penetrated beyond the land-owners at Watseson and Wigwam Brook, did not venture to build houses. We have hints of the woods and the swamps, of the wigwam and the ford, but no intimation as yet of a house. Although the Indians were friendly, tlie apprehension of 'a rising' on the part of the natives had been one cause to prevent immediate settlements in the out-lands. There had been Indian wars in Connecticut, and this colony was directly connected with those who were engaged in bloody battles against the native tribes there. "The saw-mill which Thomas Davis had lilierty to set up in 1695 is ^u])posed to have been located near tlie Peter Davis land, the site being not far from the ruins of the Crane or Wilde woollen mill ; the saw-mill implies houses soon after. Anthony Olive had a house in AVigwam Brook, in Orange, in 1712 ; Joseph Jones a house in 1721, on the mountain road, (probably in East Orange) ; Daniel Dodd a house in the present Bloomlield, in 1719; Capt. John Morris, a grist mill, * lately built," in 1720, on the Morris plantation; but no authentic date of a house appears here earlier than that of a dwelling of one Van- neuklos, near Toney"s Brook, in 1724. Stone houses which were then antitpii ties were one hundred years ago all along the Orange and Paterson and Bloomlield roads. There were two stone houses on the Vincent property. There were the Charles Crane, the Phineas Crane, the Samuel Jedediah Ward, and the Joseph Baldwin houses along the old Orange Road in the same vieinitv. There were the houses of the Cranes; — History of Moxtci.air Township. 23 Benjamin, Stephen, Eliazer. N'atlianiel. Aaron (>o known afterwards) built some of them before tiie Revo- lution, aud some of tliem, it can hardly be questioned, in the early part of that eentin-y. The William Crane house, called afterwards the Anios Crane house, or the Fordham Crane house [• Washington's headquarters'] ujipears in 1743, and Levi Vincent, John Low. Johannes Kiper and Thomas Cadnnis are residents that year. Tlie Egbert houses, the Joseph Ealdwin house, the houses of the Van Giesoiis, of Jacob Kent, of the Seiglei"s and the Speers, along the Valley and the Falls roads northward, go back undoubtedly before the Revolution. The Parmeiius Dodd bouse, on the site of the Presbyterian Church, facing the road southwards ; the Nathaniel Dodd house, half wav down from the church to the depot, facinir the old road northward ; the JtJin Smith house and the Peter Davis house, farther east on the same road, were built probal)ly between the middle of the century and the Revolution. The most of these houses, two rooms long and one story high, wore Iniilr of field stone rudely dressed. Tlie freestone first began to be quarried in 17"-'l but was not used for house-liuilding. ■• In the account of a hiirricjine whicii swept along the mountain, reporteil in a New ^drk news- paper in July. 1750, orchards, fences, cornfields and woodlands, for a mile and a half along the mountain and Doddtown region are mentioned, with twenty-five houses and barns as being injured or destroyed. This shows a great advance in improvemi^nt and building." oi.l) i;(».M)S. The first public statute passed by the General xVs.semMy >>{ tlie Province of East Jersey, made provision for the laying out and improvement of roads. This was in November, ItM-"). A resolution was adopted by tiie Town Meeting, at Newark, on December 12, 1G81, "That there shall be Surveyors chosen to lay out a Highway as far as the Mountain, if need be." Apparently no further action was taken at the time, and the planters at the iiioiiiitiiiii were obliged to follow the Inilian |)aths in passing to and from the river, for some years. On the Stli of (Jctolier. 17<>.'>, the Commissioners for Newark, Andrew Ilani|)toii. Theopeliis Pierson, and Jasper Crane, laid out the several highways, which are described ii,s follows: " First a Road from the Town to the foot of the Mountain, or Wheeler's as the Path now runs as streight a* the (iround will allow. " .Vn other road from said Road, South, by a line of mark'd trees to Joseph Riggs' House. "An other Road from the .•viid Riggs' to Town to run by a path as streight as may be. and by a Line uf mark'ti Trees, from first mentioned Road North, at Foot of said ^fountain. " An other Road running by a line of marked Trees unto .\nthony Olieve's (Olifl) House. " An other Ruail running from s'd Anthony's House t(j first mention'd Road, by a Line of mark'd Trees and path to the other Road running from s'd Anthony's Road to Caleii Rail's House, by path and mark'd Trees. " An other Road, running N.E. from s'd Road to Town, by a path aud Nuttmau's line. "An other High-way from the way at tlie foot of the Mountain, running up to the top of the Mountain, beginning on the North side of Amos Williams House ; thence in tlie line between Amos and John Johnson as near as may be to Rocks, North to the Notch." The " mark'd trees " referred to indicate the Indian paths or the paths of the planters through the forests. The .system of " marking" or "blazing" trees consisted in cutting with the hatchet, trees at intervals through the forests to mark the way >^o that a person might be able to retum by the same route. The planters might have followed the Indian paths, or marked out new ones for themselves. When the .surveyors first commenced laying out the road or roads to the mountain, instead of taking a direct line to the mountain, they evidently followed the.se beaten tracks or " paths,'' hence it is difficult at tliis late day to trace definitely the line of any of the old roads. The P'rst road described, viz., that "from Town to the Foot of the Mountain," was doubtless the one indicated on the early maps as the " Crane road." It began at the head of Market Street, near the 24: History of Moxtci.air Township. present Court-House in Newark, and passed the residence of Jasper Crane at Higli Street, and ran throusjli the present Warren Street to Roseville. The oldest maps of Essex County show a continnous road to tlie mountain connecting witli the " Crane road." Tiie continuation of tliis road is tlie SM'ine- field Road; it was said to have been used \>y tlie aborigines in theii- journeys from the Hudson to the Delaware Rivers. Originally a " jiath," it branched from the ])resent JNIain Street, Orange, at the Brick Church, and running tln'ough Toi'v Corner, cros.sed the mountain at Eagle Rock. From Tory Corner westward to tlie toji of the mountain, it was laid out as a common highway in 1 "n.j, and after- ward in 1733. The tloomtield Avenue, through what is now known as Green Street to the Old Road, now known as Franklin Street. The Baptist Church of Bloom- tield stands at the junction of these two streets. Chapter \'II OKANESToWN I)1-R1X(. 'I'llK liKVOLFTK ).\ AUY WAR. By Rev, Oliver Crane, D.D.. LL.D. 'O State of tlie I'liidii was more ctiiitimioii.sly, or inure aiiiiuviiigly, .ack twenty or thirty miles into New Jersey, might he equally included ; for. although the main army of patriots, when not in active service was located to the west and nortli of this belt, still tiie suffering from dej)rivations hy incursions of the enemy, mi'I from plunderings l)y a set of freebooters styled refugees (consisting of what were called cowhiii/n in the pay of the eiiemyV and sl'uuiers (who were even more dreafled because of their irresponsible rapacity, though nominally classed witii patriots), was often exceedingly trying. This state of things existed almo.st from tlie outbreak to the closL- of the war. From the time of the disastrous battles of Brooklyn (August 27, 177G), and of White Plains (Sept. 15-1 ti, 177'i), and (ieneral Washington's conse, 177<>), followed by the cer dav until t'urther Orders." This ii.xes the precise date of march from Totowa for the occupancy of what Gen. Lafayette calls "our Station at Cranc'stown." hut (ien. Washington •' Cranetown (iap." The order, it will be noticed, is sutHciently detinite for nuircliing. hut dues not reveal the design of the movement; and for the obvious reason that it was not (ien. Washington's intention to do so, lest, by any nuforeseen accident, tlie order be conveyed to the enemy, and so the secret aim — Gen. Lafayette's night attack on Staten Island — be known and thwartey t h e It was known llenrv Clinton THE OLD CRANE MANSION' (waSIIINC.TO.n's IIEADQl'ARTERS). ceedingly eager hostilities; espe- true of General impetuous spirit br(K)k delay, and opportunity to son which had moment to stain nohle cause which espoused. I/e rd General AYash- mitted to strike a successful, would enemy, bv scouts that Sir had at this time a large amount of military stores on Staten Island, guarded mainly by Ile.'sians. Lafayette proposed to secure these by a night attack: and such was his importunity that the Commander-in-Chief yielded; and in order to be in nearer ]>roximity to aid, if needed, the endeavor, he gave ordci-s for the main divisions of the army to move southward. This was done, and the station selected, in which to await the result of the movement under Lafayette, was at Cranestown. Tlie position was well chosen, commanding as it diil the i)ass across the mountain, and at the junction of the roads both from Newark and Orange to that point. Washington appropriated the largest hou.se in the town, and one best located, the old Crane mansion, then owned by my great-grandfather, William Crane, himself at the time in the ranks. Washington took possession of tlie two lower rooms on the west side of the main hall, while members of his stall occuj)ied the other side and all the second story rooms. Ju.-t back of the rear and smaller room, was an old-fashioned lean-to which had been, and was then, the kitchen. 1 myself well remember that old lean-to, with its large open tirc-place, but it has long .since disappeared. On the evening of his Excellency's arrival, my great-grand- mother, Mercy Crane, then in charge of the hou.se, as she was having her slaves prepare supper for her disthiguished guest, came to the General and apologetically explained to him her deep regret that she 28 History of Montcf.air T()\vxsiiir. had no tea to serve to lier guests. "Xever mind, my goud lady," replied liis Excelleiicy unperturbed, '' please have a crust of bread toasted, and use it for tea. Tliat is good enough tea for me."' Her anxieties thus allayed, she hastened to furnish the best that her house afforded for the supper of her worthy guests. After supper another ditKciilty caused no slight solicitude in the mind of the patriotic hostess. Owing to the unusual demand for beds, none was left for Generals Washington and Lafayette in the lower back room, which had been chosen by them, but which had been hitherto used as a dining- room. This deiicienc}' was made known to his Excellency by the hostess with even deeper regret than the fact of her having no tea. "But there is plenty of straw in the barn, is there not V rejoined her courteous guest. " Abundance," was the quick response. Immediately Washington had several bundles ordered and spread in a corner of the room ; and there on it. wrapped in their army blankets, that night slept two of the noblest Generals whose names are on the scroll of fame. Doubtless better accommoda- tions were devised for their convenience while they remained in occupancy thereafter. During the three weeks of Washington's remaining in headquarters at Granestown, the troops were encamped directly to the smith ng the meadows, then wholly unobsti'ucted, from Valley Ivoad to what is now ^[ountain Avenue, and guarding the inter- section of the old Newark Road (now Church Street) with the road leading to Orange and thence to Elizal)ethtown and beyond. ^\s \\'^ashingt()n had brought his army there for a purpose, preparations were immediately set on foot to further the designs of the entlmsiastie leader, Lafayette, in his plan of attack on Staten Island. Boats were ordered brought down the Passaic River to a point where the crossing of the Kill was to l>e effected ; wliile others were hastily constructed on wagons to be conveyed overland to the required place of embarkation. All things seemed at length in readiness for the attempt which promised success. Lafayette, with his command, repaired to the designated spot with all secrecy on the evening of October 26th, not doubting but that the boats ordered would be there to convey his command over the narrow stream. All night long he and his splendidly ecpiipped cordis waited impa- tiently to hail the sight of the wished-for boats, but they came not. From some unaccountable cause they were delayed, until the dawn warned the disappointed watchers that their so much coveted oppor- tunity was past, and that they had nothing now to do but to return to their Cjuarters. But happily just at this point we are supjilied with very im])ortant data respecting the fact of the occupancy of Cranes- town by Washington at this juncture. Soon after General Lafayette had fairly started on his return to headquarters, he dispatched a courier with a letter to the C'onnnander-in-Chief, stating the unfortunate outcome of the attempt; and this letter we tind in "'The Memoirs of Lafayette,*' by his son, George Washington Lafayette, and pub. lished in English in New York, 1837. The letter is dated at Elizabethtown, October 27, 17Sn, and is found on pages 48 1-2 of the tirst volume. It reads as follows : "I have taken my position between Elizabeth- town and Connecticut Earuis. General Clinton has not the time of making any disposition against us. Tomorrow, at nine or ten, I will march to our position of Cntne stoam, and the day after tomorrow to Totowa, unless I receive contrary orders. Newark Mountain (Orange) was rather too far to march it this night, and too near for tomorrow ; because our men, being iu want of blankets, will like better to join their tents again. If your Excellency approves of this arrangement, I beg you will order our baggage to wait for us on our position of Crane stoimi : if you dislike the disposition, your orders may reach us on the road." This fixes exactly the date of the occupancy of Cranestown as temporary headquarters, and also supplies the specific object ; while distinctly stating that the troops were there in tents. Meanwhile, probably during the absence of General Lafayette on the abortive expedition referred to above, an alarm, as had often occurred before, but now of sufficient importance to awaken solicitude, came late one afternoon, that the British were about to make an attempt on the American lines in their somewhat insecure position at Cranestown. At all events Washington considered it of sufficient weight to cause him to be in readiness to meet it, if true; but in the emergency he did not deem it advisable to History of Montclair Township. 29 spare even a single man fron) the ranks to be sent to warn out the Minnte men living beyond the so-called "first and second mountains." lie called, therefore, for a volunteer out of the service. One of the sons of his hostess, who had been lame from his boyhood, and hence disabled from active military duty, and yet able to ride on horseback, and who knew every road and lane of the country to be visited, came forward and olTcred to umlcrtake the somewhat hazardous and wearisome iiiijht journey : for he was to go, if ]>usritisli soldiers had made their appearance during the night, but the heroic act was remembereil. and often told as a ri'iiiiniscence of the war in after times none the less. Shortly afterward Oeneral Washington withdrew his troops from Cranestown to their strongly entrenched positions on the heights on the left bank of the I'as>aic at Totowa. Fortunately we have a very exact description of the location aiiland on Septenilier 15. 1770, and one of the last to leave the Held under a sliower of hullets, indicates that citizens here early entered the military service. From 1777 the eidi.stments were common throughout the county. Among those known to have heen from the Montclair region, were Capts. Abraham Sjteir, and Thomas Sieglei-, Second Lieut .loseph ("i-ane, Sergt Obadiah Crane, privates, Jonathan and Joseph iJaldwin, Aaron, Matthias, Nathaniel, Joseph, Eleakine, Denjaniin. Oliver. William and Phineas franc, Peter Davis, Nathaniel and Parmenus Dodd. Amos Tompkins, ,\braham and Francis Speer. John ami Levi ^'incent, John Smith and a \'an Gieson. "After the retreat of Washington from Acquackanonck, through the lower part of the town, to New Brunswick, universal consternation prevailed. The peo])le tied tt) the mountains atid over the mountains. The pastor of the .Mountain Churcii wa.s marked for capture. The scouting parties of the Pritish carried devastation everywhere. Hut not till the reaction of the next year 1777, did the people venture back to their desolate lands and plundered hou.ses. "Nathaniel Crane — and we may infer that others were with him— was at the battle of Motiinoulh, in 177s, where was also Gen. Ploomtield. " When Gen. Anthony Wayne — according to tradition — left his camp at Second Kiver, just south of the ruins of the copper works, his troojis took their march in the famous snow storm of Jan'v, 1779 up the old road to Ilorseneck, posting a picket at Ploomtield, and abandoning their cannon embedded in the snow in Caldwell. "The bold hill on the east side of the notch, was, it is said a favorite lookout of Washington. From that height he once iletected a raiding j)arty of British sallying from Eli/abethtown to the mount- ains. He dis])atclied at once a troop of cavalry behind the hill to Springfield, who cut off the foragers, and reclaimed the tine lot of cattle they were driving off. The army here was in that de]ilorable condition which led, in 1781, to the mutiny of the Pennsylvania troops at Ponipton. 'J'he detachment extended along the road and the mountain southward from the Crane homestead. Confiscated house- hold furniture taken from the P):-itisli, is still in possession of a family here, purclia.sed with Continental ciiri-ency earned by working for the soldiers." A part of this was destroyed by tire in the spring of 1890. The mahogany stand or writing table which was used by General Washington while at the Crane mansion i.- in the possession of Mrs. Harry C. Crane, daughter of Kev. Oliver Crane. D.D. Chapter VIII Events leading to, and Ekkction of, Bloomfiei.d Township in 1S12. — Name of Cranetuwn chanued TO THAT OF West Bloomfield. — Original Boundaries. — Toney's Brook, the Source of Second River, and its ]\Ianufactories. — The First Saw Mill. — Israel Crane's Mill on Toney's Brook. — West Bloomfield Manffacturing Co. — Henry Wilde & Sons. — Wilde Brothers. — First Manffacture of Plaid Shawls in this Country. — John Wilde. — Burning of the Lower Mill. — Mill Property Leased to, and subsequently Purchased BY Grant J. Wheeler and Others, for the Manufacture of Paper and Oakum under the Firm Name of Crane, Wheeler & Co. — Manufacture of Straw Board by Machinery, BY Grant J. Wheeler ifc Co. — Indian Eelics Found Beneath the Wheeler Mill. — Removal of Wheeler to Waverly, and Closing of the INIill. — Valuable Pearls Found ON Notch Brook, the Source of Third River. — Construction of Newark and Pompton Turnpike. — Business Development and Growth of West Bloomfield. — Construction of Newark and Bloomfield R. R. — The New Settlement. — The Name of Montclair substituted for that of West Bloomfield. |F the ehikh-en of Ueaeon Azariali Crane only Natlianiel and Azariali. Jr.. are mentioned in connection with tlie settlement at Cranefown. They ac(iiiired hy ]Mircha?e, as well as hy inheritance, lar<>-e tracts of land within the present houndaries of Newark, Orange and Montclair. Dr. Wickes, in his '• History of the Oranges," states that : " Their lands were bounded south hy the Swineiield Eoad, east by the Cranetown Road, now Park street, west by Wigwam Brook, M'hich was the division line between the Crane lands and those of the Harrisons and ^A'illiams, and on the north by Antony's Brook at Montclair, the northern boundary of Second River. The family of Crane also held land on the south side of the Northtield Road to the summit of the Mountain. It afterwards came into the possession of Simeon Harrison (1) being conveyed to him by the executors of Caleb Crane. There is a tradition that when the Lords Projirietors claimed the payments of the quit-rents for lands taken by Azariali and Nathaniel Crane, they brought in a bill for their services as surveyors in the employ of the Proprietors as an offset. Their bill was not accepted, and the controversy was finally settled in the Supreme Court in favor of the surveyors." A RELIC OF SLAVERY. Know all men by these presents, that I, Enoch Williams, of the township of Newark, in the County of Essex, and State of New Jersey, for and in consideration of the sum of one hundred and eighty dollars paid, or secured to be paid by Phineas Crane of the Town, Comity and State aforesaid, unto the said Enoch Williams, for which payment I have given, granted, bargained and sold unto the said Phineas Crane, my Negro man named Tom; to liave and to Imld the said Negro man unto the said Phineas Crane, for himself, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns; and doth warrant, secure, and forever defend the sale of said Negro man named Tom unto the >aid Phineas Crane, his heirs and assigns forever. In wriNiiss whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and nine. ENOCH WILLIAMS. Sealed and delivered ) in the presence of f Elizabeth Crane. Poi-ly Williams. History of Montci.air Townsiiii'. 33 After tlie erection of Blooiiitield a.s a ;, I find the following notices: "'At a numerous meeting of the Congregation of Wardsesson. Oct. 13. 1796: Joseph Davis Esq. in the Chair : •' ■ It a]ipearing that agreeably to a resolution of a meeting held the 10th inst., advertisements have been set up in three of the most public places within the bounds of the Congregation, notifying the objects of the present meeting ; the members proceeded to choose a name by which the society should be distinguished, when it ap])eared that the name of Bi.oomfikld had a large majority of votes. '^"' Extract from the minutes. '"ISAAC W. CKANE, Secretary.' 34: IIisr(iK\- (11' MiiNrci.AiR Township. "To the ])rece(liiiii I will luld, fi-oiii memory, in wliicli I may be incurrcct, tliat Isaac Watts Crane beiii^ acquainted M-ith Gen Bloomfieki, of Burlington, a man of wealth, and Laving no children thought it might be policy to take his name and engage his generosity towards this child of adoption. And, as it will appear in the scipu'l. the plan jjroduced some good fruit. This plan was carried out by giving (-Jen. Bloomtield suitable notice of what had been done respecting the aduption of his name, accompanied with a barrel of cider, the jiroduce of Bhxiuiliehl" The Scnt'ini-l of July 12, 1797, contained the following: "CoMMixicATKiN FKOM Ijloomfield. — On Thursdav, the (Itli inst., Maj Gen. Bloomtield and his lady made a visit to the Society of Bloomtield. They were escorted from Grange by Lieut Baldwin's (Jesse division of cavalry, and other gentlemen, to the liouse of Joseph Davis Esq., where they were received by a numerous concourse of people belonging to the Society A procession was then formed in the following order : " The farmers, hcaduil by Col. Cadmus, and Mr Timothy ^Vard ; the masons and laborers ; the trustees and managers ; the venerable clergy ; Gen. Bloomtield and suite ; the battalion oiiicers ; Lieut Baldwin's division of horsemen ; forty young ladies uniformly dressed in white, their heads neatly orna- mented with turhan><2in(S. corona hedera, crowned with ivy, besides two hundred young children belonging to the schools of Bloomtield ; and in the rear of tlie whole Capt. Crane's elegant company of infantry, giving the procession a dignified appearance. The procession being thus formed, proceeded to tlie new stone church and from tiience to a large bower, prej)ared for the occasion, where a ]iraycr was made by the Rev Mr AVhite, adapted to the occasion ; and anthems were sung by forty young ladies, uniformly dressed in white. Gen Bloomtield, from an eminence, addressed the assembly, recommending the virtues of patriotism and of ]iolitical and Christian union An answer was returned by Mr Watts Crane in behalf of the Society reechoing the same sentiments'" A white mai'ble tablet, with inscription, "Bloomtield, 17!'*!," was set in the brown free-stone tower, to mark the beginning of a new townshiji. The civil township was not erected until ISI'2, when it included the territory from the crest of the mountain to the Passaic River. The Town Patent oi; Cuautkr of Newark, given in 1713, defines the west, nortli and east line of what became afterward Bloomtield : '• Purchased from ye Indians, now known by ye ]S'ame of Newarke, liounded easterly by a great creek that runs from Ilackingsack Bay, through ye Salt ]\Ieadow called by the Indians Wequahick, and now known by the Name of Bound Creek, and continuing from the head of ye Said Creek to the head of a Cove to a ^farkt Tree ; from thence it Extended Westerly upon a Straight Line, by Computation Seven Miles be the Same more or Less, to the End or foot of the Great Mountain, and to the Ridge thereof, called by the Indians Wachung, Near where Runs a branch of the Railway River; from thence extending on a Northerly Course along the Ridge of the Said ]\[ountain to a heap of Stones Erected to Ascertain the Boundary between the .s'd Town of Newark and the Town of Achquickatnunck ; from thence Running a South-east course by AclKpiickatnunck Bound Line to where the brook or Ri valet Called by the Indians Yantokah. liut now known by the Name of the Third River, Emptieth itself into Pasayack River, and from thence Continuing Down along by the said Passaick River and Ilackingsack Bay to the mouth of the said Bound Creek." The southern line of Bloomtield was established in 1S(M!, when the township of Newark was divided by its own authority into three wards— the Newark Ward, the Orange Ward and the Bloomtield Ward. The Orange Ward became that same year the township of Orange, and the Bloomtield Ward became the township of Bloomtield in 1S12. The line between the Orange and the Bloomtield AVards was established, in 1SU(5, as follows: "Beginning at the Green Island in Passaik River and running thence to the Boiling Spring on land of Phineas Baldwin, dec'd and from thence to the Bridge at the Slough between the houses of Jonathan Baldwin and Elihu Pierson, and from thence to the bridge near Martin Richards', and from thence to Turkey Eagle Rock, on the top of the first Mountain ; which we agree shall be the line between the Ploomtield Ward and the wards of Newark and Orange." \ HiSTORV iiK MONTCI.AIK ToWXSI [IP. 35 The '• iuliabitaiits of Second liiver ami the Body of Newark" acted separately "in all affairs relating to tlie Poor for fifty-three years.'" 'liie line of division was in part the line which aftei^ward divided Belleville from Blmnntield. The description jriven in 1743—14 is as follows: "BeKinninj' at Bassaick River at the Gullv near the house of Dr I'iiTot, thence northwest to Second River, thence up the same to the Saw Mill belonging to George Harrison, thence a direct line to the north-east corner of the Plantation of Stephen Morris, thence to the Notch in the mountain, leaving William Crane's house to the southward, thence on a direct line to Stephen Van Site's ]>ars and Abraham Franci-sco's to the Northward of said line ; and it was agreed that all on the Northward of said lines should Ije esteemed Inhabitants of Second River, and all on the southward of the Body of Newark."' The Notch referred to is jtrobably the little ojtening in the mountain just north of the present Mountain IIou.se. "Cranetown" by popular designation became after 1S12 We.st Bloomfield, and so continued until ISfis. Its Snrffire Streams itml Snil are thus described bv Rev. ^fr. Knox in his Ilistorv of Bloomfield \ fKW CIS liiNK\ Townshij): " Between the natural boundary of the uKjuntain crest on the west and the natural Ixiundary of the Pas.saic River on the east lies an unusually diversified and beautiful expanse of country. Bai-allel waves or ridges of land run from north to south. The mountain slope descends into plain and valley, and rises again n])on a wave nearly the length of the township known now as the Ridgewood line. This territory fonns the beautiful region of what is now ilontclair." Two rivulets rise in the northern part of the present township which How southward and eastward to form in Bloomfield the little stream anciently known as Second River. The first of these known as "Tony"s Brook"" uiamed probably from Anthony Oliff, one of the early settlers at the mountain), though now an insignificant stream, was early utilized for manufacturing purposes, and furnislied sufficient power to run two or three mills, which gave this part of the township its first impetus. As early as 1695, accord- ing to the '• Towne Records of Newark," Thomas Davis had " liberty to .set up a saw mill." It has been supposed that this was the saw mill on a site near the pond above the old dilapidated vacant building 36 History of Moktclair Township. formerly known as Wheeler's pa|)er mill. Israel Crane, who, in ISOl, in conuec-tion with Charles Kinsey, leased a mill seat at Paterson, and erected the second cotton mill there, was the first to make use of Toney's Brook for manufacturing purposes. About 1S1:>-15 a eoinpany was organized under the name of the West Bloomtield Manufacturing Company. The prime mover in the enterprise was Israel Crane. Associated with him wei-e Daniel P. Beach, E. P. Stiles, Michael Cockfair, Peter Doremus and others. Two large buildings uere erected near the present Wheeler mill, where the manufacture of cotton and woolen gooils was carried on for some years. The property subsequently passed into the hands of Israel Crane, and the factories were closed for some time. In 1827 these mills were leased to Henry AYilde and Sons, who came from Yorkshire, Eng. He had long been engaged in the manufacture of broadcloths and other woolen goods in the old country, as had also his father and grandfather. He began the manufacture of ]3laid shawls which, it is said, were WHEKLER S IIII.I,, the first ever made in this country. He made many changes and in)provements in the machinery, utilizing the water power for spinning and carding the wool ; the manufacture of the goods was all done on hand looms. Mr. Wilde employed about 100 hands, most of whom were brought from England. The manufactured goods were disposed of in the New York market, and Mr. Wilde was awarded a number of prizes by the American Institute Fair for the superior quality of his goods. Owing to the partial failure of the water power, which jn-oved insufficient for the mamifacture of heavy goods, they gave up the manufacture of these for rkc to 7.J horse power, but the streams and rivulets from which it was supplied were diverted in their course, and the water supply cut off, so that the firm was obliged to resort to steam jjower in addition. A successful business was carried on until 1S$7. In the meantime the State Legislature having piissed an act to i)revent the |iollution of the streams in Fast New Jersey, the successors of the old firm were indicted by the Board of Health and compelled to close the mill and n-niovc their plant some miles di.-tant to AVaverly, N. J. lieferring to this stream and also what was known as Thii-d River, (iordon (in 1830) says: "These streams are the source of wealth to the townshi]), ami have converted it almost wiioily into a niaini- facturing village." A few years ago, while excavating for the foundation of a steam-engine underneath Wheeler's mill, there was found, ten feet below the surface, a number of Indian relics, showing that the same locality had been used by the Imlians for the construction of arrow heads, cooking uten.-ils, and articles of stone for grinding corn, etc. Some forty years ago a nundjer of valuable pearls were found near the source of Third River — known as Notch Brook — one of which, it is .said, was sold to Tiffany & Co., and by that firm to Empress Eugenie for §2,00o. CONSTRr( TIOX OF .NEWARK AND POMPTON TFRN PIKE.— BUSINESS DFVFLnPMENT. Previous to 1800 the whole region of countiy comprising what was afterward Bloomfield township, was wholly devoted to agricuitni-a! purpose^, and little or no business was transacted in this locality, the farmers relying principally on Newark for their supplies. The construction of the Newark and Pompton Turn|)ike. of which Israel Crane wa.s the projector, wrought in the course of a few years a great change, and West Bloomfield became the centre of traffic, and at one time drew a large amount of trade from Paterson and beyond, and bid fair to rival that town in iniportance. The Newark and Pompton Turnpike Comjiany was incor])orated February 24, 1806. The incor- porators were John N. dimming, John Uixld. Israel Crane, Noah Sayrc. Isaac Mead, Robert (iould, and 38 TIlSTOkV OF MONTCLAIR TOWXSIIIP. Nathaniel Douglass; the c-oiiiiuissioiiers, Andrew Wilson, Nathaniel Camp and Richard Edsal. Israel Crane was President of the Company. A part of the capital stock— four thousand dollars a mile— was made payable in work. The road was to cross the Passaic River, near Little Falls, and to pass through " the more convenient gap in the mountain near Cranetown." Starting from JSTorth Broad Street (near Belleville Avenue, Newark), it ran northwesterly direct to Bloomfield and Cranetown, thence over the First Mountain to Caldwell and Parsippany, crossing at Piue Brook, with branch from the west side of the mountain to Syngack ; there were four toll gates, six miles apart— one near the Morris Canal, another at the top of the mountain, another at Pine Brook, the last at Syngack (near the upper Passaic). The road cut diagonally through several farn)s, and thus aroused a strong opposition on the part of some of the farmers, which was finally allayed. The road was not a paying investuient, and hecame largely indel)ted to Mr. Crane for repairs, etc., and finally passed into his jwssession. After his death it was sold by his heirs to the Essex Puhlic Road Board ; tl'ie Company still has, however, a nominal existence. Within a few years the road has been widened and graded, and now forms a beautiful drive through Bloomticld and Montclair, to the top of the mountain, thence to Caldwell, and is known as Bloomtield Avenue. When the road was originally constructed Mr. Crane cut "the little turnpike''— the street past the present depot (now known as Spring Street) — from the turnpike to his store, and his business became very large and widely extended. He had a large cpiarry in Newark, where he employed a number of hands who obtained their supplies from this store. He also had a large cider mill and distillery, which before the davs of temperance agitation were liberally patronized by the best class of people. A large peach j)mduction at one time was manufactured into brandy at the distillery, and the Jersey "peach brandy.'' l)ecame as famous as Jersey "applejack." The far-famed Harrison. Canfield and Baldwin apples, M-hich originated in this section, were slii])ped to every part of t]ie conntry, and the eider made from these apples was said to be the best in the market. The Baldwins and Harrisons also did a thriving liusincss in the manufacture of cider, and there was at one time upward of six thousand barrels a year of Newark cider ]U'oduced, a large portion i:f which came from this locality. The tannery of Smith iV Dorennis (Matthias Smith, father of Charles and Melanctliou Smith, and Peter, the father of Joseph and Philip Doremus), south of the Presbyterian Church, soon after 1807 brought its hides fi-om New York, its bai'k from over the mountain, and sold its leather to the boot and shoe manufacturers of Bloomticld and Orange. Peter Doremus also did an extensive business in di-y goods and groceries, and being located at a convenient point on the turnpike, near the present store of liis son Philip, caught a great deal of the farmers' trade before it reached other localities. Gordon's Cyclopedia, published in 1832, gives the entire population of Bloomfield township. which then embraced an entire area of 14,000 acres, and included the present township of Belleville at -1,309. "In 1832 the township contained 500 taxables and 20*> householders whose ratable estate did not exceed $30; 82 single men. 17 merchants, fi gristmills. 2 cotton manufactories, 5 sawmills, 4 rolling mills for copper, 3 paper mills, 1 paint factory, 2 calico printing and bleaching works, one very extensive 40 ton vats, 3 woollen factories, and several very extensive shoe factories; 387 horses and mules, 862 neat cattle, above three years old. The township paid state tax $754.50, county $287.37, poor tax $1,200, road tax $1,200. The annual value of manufactured products probably exceeded $2,500,000." Reference is also made to the villages of Bloomfield and West Bloomtield (designated as one village). "The chief part of the town lies n|ion the old road, but part of it on the turnpike. It contains about 1,600 iidiabitants, above 250 dwellings, 2 hotels, an academy, lioarding school, 4 large connnon schools, 12 stores, 1 Presbyterian church, 2 Methodist churches, [one in Bloomfield and one in West Bloomtield] ; a very extensive trade is carried on here in tanning, currying and shoemaking, and the following manufactories are considered annexed to the town — two woollen factories. 1 nuihogany saw mill, 1 cotton mill. 1 rolling mill, 1 calico print works, 2 saw mills for ordinary work, 1 paper millj 1 grist mill." History of MoxxriAiR Townsiiii'. 39 A tlirivinc l)n?iness was done here in tlie manufacture of fur and other liats — all hand made — and it is said that John Jacob Astor, of whom the skins were purchased, made occasional trips here to look after his interests. One of the largest manufactories in tin's line was carried on \>y C^ipt. .loseph Munii and Xathaniel Baldwin, under tlie firm name of ifnnn «.V: Baldwin. The introduction of machinery and the estai)li.shment of large manufactoric.s in the East, wliicli supplied the trade throughout the country, wrought a material change in West Bloomfield ; it ceased to be a manufacturing centre, and became noted for its excellent boarding schools, and otlier educational advantages. A few years later |)arties from New York, who had sent their children here to be educated, were impressed with the healthfulness of the locality and the beauty of its surioundings, and began to make this a place of summer resort. It was not, iiowever, until the 0})cning of railroad communication with New York City, that business men were enabled to avail themselves of its many advantages as a place of permanent residence. The history of railroads in the counties of Essex and Hudson is contemporaneous with the history of the introduction of these great highways of travel into the United States and almost parallel with the success of railroading in England. As early as 1812 Colonel John Stevens, of Iloboken, published a pamphlet urging the government to make ex]>eriments in railways traversed by steam carriages, and, if feasible, propose«l the construction of^sucli a railway from Albany to Lake Erie: and long before George Stephenson, of England, who in 1829 "demonstrated that the locomotive was competent, not oidy to move itself, but also to drag a heavy load," Stevens had demonstrated its practicability by constructing a circular railroad track around the town hall in Floboken, where he ran his locomotive for some weeks to the delight of tiiousands who witnessed the experiment. The first railroad enterprise started in New Jersey was that of the Camden and .\inl)oy Railroad and Transportation Company, which was incorporated by the State Legislature on the 4th of Febi-nary, 1830. [The road ran from Camden to .\nd)oy.] At the same time the Delaware iuid Karitan Canal Company was incorporated, and in ls:*l the two companies were consolidated. The Paterson and Hudson River Railroad was chartered in ls:U, and subseijucntly became a part of the Erie Railroad. The New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company was chartered by tiie State Legislature in 1S.S2. having pa,ssed the Assembly by a vote of 39 to 5, after a bitter fight on the part of its oppimcnt, the Camden anid transit ijver the old slow stage coach. It was not. however, until 1854 that any actual steps were taken to open railroad commimication between these points and New York. A few enterprising gentlemen of IJIoomtielil and West Bloom- field, after considering the feasibility of such an enterprise, obtained a charter from the Legislature for the organization of a company known as the Newark and Bloomfield Railroad Company. The West Bloomtield incorporators wei'e Zenas S. Crane, Grant J. Wheeler and William S. Morris; those from Bloomtield were Joseph A. Davis, Ira Dodd (who afterward became the Superintendent), David Oakes, Robert L. Cook, David Cougar and Warren S. Baldwin. The (company elected as its first Board of Directors William II. Harris, Grant J. Wheeler and Jared D. Harrison, of West Bloomfield; Joseph A. Davis, Ira Dodd, Wright F. Cougar and Jason Crane, of Bloomtield. The Board organized by the election of Jose]>h A, Davis as President of the Company. The comparatively small population and limited means of the iidiabitants of Bloomfield Township, and the difference of (ipinion among them as to the best route and termination, made it very difficult to get the necessary subscriptions to the capital stock. Some favored the route to the ilorris neighborhood, 4n History of Moxtclaik Township. wliilc others insisted that it should terininate at West Bloomtieki. After repeated and unsuccessful efforts to secure sufficient funds to build tlie road, the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company encouraged the belief that they would give financial aid to the enterprise so that the road might be built. Two of the representatives of that road, Dr. John S. Darcy and John P. Jackson — recognized as two of the leading railroad men in the State of New Jersey — were elected members of the Board of Directors of the Newark and Bloomfield Bailroad Company. The design of that Company (The New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company) was to reap the benefit of a condition in the contract which had been made with the Morris and Essex Railroad Company at the time of building the bridge over the Passaic and the connection with that railroad. This condition was that the New Jersey Railroad should have the right of way foi' the Newark and Bloomfield Railroad alongside of the ti-aek of the Morris and Essex Company as far as Roseville or East Orange, without expense, M'hicli ]irivi]ege the New Jersey Railroad estimated to be worth at least One Plundred Thousand Dollars. Having secured this position with the Newark and Bloomfield Railroad Company, they were not disposed to push the enterprise to completion, but ratlier to pursue a Fabian policy of delay. They suggested the advisability of interesting parties in Boonton and Paterson and other places, without avail. Finally, when the Bloomfield Directors became impatient at the delays, a sm-vey was made by the engineers of the NeAV Jersey Company, who placed the cost of building the road at from $175,000 to $225,000, and the only proposition which they considered feasible was that the subscription to the ca])ital stock should be increased to at least $75,000, M'hen the New Jersey Road would endorse the bonds of the new company to say $150,000, and thus secure the means for building the road. The Board of Directors of the Newark and Bloomtield Road held several meetings, but made little or no progress. Finally, however, at a meeting of this Board, the representatives of the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company proposed that the Bloomfield Directors should be appointed a committee with ]iower to secure the means for the construction of the road, and call a meeting of the full Board when that was secured. Tliey evidently thought it impossible for them to obtain outside assistance. Complications had arisen between the New Jersey Railroad Company and the Morris and Essex Railroad Company in reference to their bridge contract, and the latter company felt very much aggrieved at the conduct of the New Jersey Companj', and desired to relieve themselves, as far as possible, from the valuable privilege for right of way which they had given for the Newark and Bloomfield Railroad Company along their track. The suggestion was made by their representatives to this committee that tliey would like to enter into negotiations with them for building the road. Thereupon a corps of their civil engineers was placed on the route from Roseville to West Bloomfield, and estimated the cost at $105,000, or about one-half the cost estimated by the engineers of the New Jersey Company. A written contract was then entered into between the Morris and Essex Railroad Company and the Committee of the Newark and Bloomfield Railroad Company, which provided that the Morris and Essex Company would subscribe $55,000 to the capital stock of the road, on condition that the Committee of the Newark and Bloomfield Road should increase their outside sul)scriptions from $-40,000 to $50,000, the total sum according to estimates made ($105,n00) to build the road. This agreement was made in writing and signed by the respective parties. A meeting of the full Board of Directors of the Newark and I'loomfield Railroad Company was then called and the committee reported the arrangements which they had made with the Morris and Essex Company. The New Jersey representatives were greatly surprised at the results, and suggested more favorable terms. But the agreement having been definitely settled, according to the authority previously given to that committee, there was no opportunity for any change. The representatives of the New Jersey Railroad Company in the Board, finding tliat their " occupation was gone," immediately resigned. These vacancies were filled by Messrs. Bassenger and Faitoute, representing the Morris and Essex Railroad Company. The work of grading and constructing the road was begun in 1855, and completed to its present History of Montclair Townshii'. 41 terminus in 1850. Tiie §105,000 which was raised proved to be not only sufficient for grading and building the road, but left a balance sufficient to purchase a locomotive whicli was named the '• Bloomtield." Tlie trains commenced running to Bloomfield in the early part of the year 1856; the first trains were run to Montclair during tlie month of June of tliat year. The equipments consisted of one locomotive, two passenger cars, and one baggage car, which ran regularly between West Bloomfield and Newark, connecting witli tlie Mowis and Essex Railroad for New York. These equipments at tlie time were amply sufficient to accommodate travel. There was a deficit of fi.S.SO at the end of the first seven months. AViien first oj^ened the same person sold tlie tickets at West Bloomfield station and acted as brakeman on the railroad. Although at first there was a small deficit, yet the Company did a profitable business, and 87,000 tickets were sold during the first year ; at the end of the second year a small dividend was declared by the Company to its stocklioiders. The Morris and Essex Eailroad Company, having a majority of the stock. ^t ' '•srSiciiMaSi9f£ THE OI.r> D., I.. * W. R. R. STATION. proceeded to elect a majority of the Board or^Directors, and so manipulated the expenses of the road that it practially absorbed all tiie income, and proposed in exchange Morris and Essex stock for the stock of The Newark and Bloomfield Kailroad C'cim|)any, which the individual stockholders accepted, so that the road finally fell into the hands of the Morris and E^^sex Kailniad Company. "When the lease was made by that Company to the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Company it included the i!lo(iinfield branch, which has since been operated by that Company. Continuous trains from Montclair to New York were not run for several years after the road was built, and not until the Montclair and Greenwood Lake Railroad Company was built. It is believed by persons who are familiar with railroad enterprises that no piece of road of the same cost in this country produces a larger net revenue than is received by the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western from the orijiinal Bloomfield branch. THE NEW Sl-:TTI.E:\rEXT— -r^^fV TL'A.XSTULKT SCSTI.XETr With the opening uf railruad coiiinuuiicatioii, the intiiix of New York and other business men began. Among the earliest settlers were William H. Harris, Grant J. Wheeler, Frederick H. Harris, Dr. J. J. H. Love, Julius H. Pratt, Henry A. Chittenden, Stephen Parkhurst, Henry Nason, William B. Bradbury, Robert Hening, N. O. Pillsbury, Joseph B. Beadle, Samuel Wilde, Dr. H. H. Lloyd, and others. These men formed the nucleus of the new settlement. They bought their little farms at $150 to $300 an acre, hoping to enjoy the quiet repose of a delightful and healthy country village, little dreaming of the great developments that awaited them. Could they have foreseen the changes that a few years would bring — that their farm lands would be worth as much per miming foot as tiiey paid per acre, they would have mortgaged all their possessions if necessary, and doubled their purchases. They 42 MlSlORY OF MOXTCI.AIR TOWNSHIP. liiiililcd lictft'r tliaii tliej knew, and soon their ]>low.sliaros were beaten into (rail) road shares, their [•riinini; liooks into silver hooks; tlie beautiful conntry villas took the place of the old farm lioiises; the familiar well sweep disap]icarcd, ami the sonfi; of the " Old oaken l)ncket which luiiii;; in the well" was heard no more; the apostles of temperance laid an embargo on Jersey cider and Jersey "applejack"; the mills were closed, the " i;riiuler8 ceased because they were few," and the piercing shriek of the locomotive reminded the; farmer that the husking bees as well as the honey bees must take their dejiaiture, for the "city folks" had come to stay. The newcomers brought with them new ideas not at all in harmony with the old. For nearly half a century this locality had been known as West Bloomtield, and the old peo])le held the name in the greatest veneration because it was associated with (Tcneral Bloomtield, who gave the original township its name. The new settlers, liowever, found it very inconvenient. Their letters frequently miscarried, and either stopped at Bloomtield or went to West Bloomtield in New York State. Strangers visiting the village, thinking it a part of Bloomtield, would purchase their tickets and check their baggage thereto. A public meeting was held in ISfiO, and a change in the name decided upon. Several names were suggested, but among those which received most favor were Eagleton, Hillside, and Claremont. On referring to the map of the United States it was found there were several places of the name of Claremont; the difficulty was solved however by Mr. Julius II. Pratt, who suggested reversing the name and calling it Montclair. This suggestion was favorably received, but when the matter was put to vote it was found that Eagleton had 73, JVIontclair 57, and Hillside 7 votes. There was nothing legally binding in this vote and the majority of the property holdei'S were in favor of adopting the name of ]\l<)ntclair. They first induced the railroad inanagcrs to change the name of their station. A petition signed by a large number of the proiierty hoklers was put in circulation by Mr. Robert IVI. Ilening, and through his personal influence with Mr. Casson, the Assistant Postmaster (ieneral, the change in name of tlie post-office was adopted in 1860, the name of West Bloomtield being dropped and that of Montclair substituted. The name of Montclair is uui(jue. At the time this name was selected it was nowhere to be found on the map of the United States, and it had even been obliterated from the nuxp of P^urope. During the Franco-Prussian war a correspondent of the lYew York Herald discovered on the banks of the llhine, in (lermany, the ruins of an old castle formerly known as Montclair, which was destroyed during the crusades by Theodore J'aldwin, the founder of the Baldwin family. That his descendants should have been one of the founders of this locality which has per|ietuated the name is a noteworthy fact. Chapter IX. .MoMTCLAIii IS THE WAU OF TIJE llElJKEi.lU.X. IIP^ infant village of ISOn having received its baptismal name, and cast off its swaildling elothep, was looking forward to a bright and glorious future ; when suddenly the tocsin sounded tlie call '■^to amm!''' and men were Ijrought face to face with the stern realities of war. All thoughts of village improvements and the speedy accumulation of wealth were for a time forgotten; — tlie spirit of '7mi);iny were looking for a route through New Jersey, and at once opened negotiations with them. Under his agree- ment with them his company was to construct the road from Jersey City to the State line at (xrcenwood Lake. Tlic officers of the New York and Oswego Midland Company agreed to imild tlieir road from Middletown, Orange County, N. Y., to connect with the Montclair road at the Sate Line. They also agreed to indorse and guarantee all the bonds that might be issueil to construct the ^fontclair Railway. The Montclair Railway Company carrie. Littell, and Jared E. Harrison, who were appointed by the Court as Commissioners under the bonding act. In a statement made to the township authorities in 1SS3, by Mr. Julius U. Pratt, regarding the bonding of Montclair township, he says' " Tnder the original administration the interest of the Township Bonds had been promptly provided for by the Montclair Railway Company, l)ut the failure of tlie lessee of the railway deprived the township of the means with which to \in\ interest tliereaftcr, except by regular taxation of townsliip property, and it seems tliat no township committee had the courage to order such taxation. The iirst default occurred in ^Liy, 1873, and consccjuently the original issue — §200,000, and ten years' interest — makes the total debt at j)rcsent about §350,001 •. "Can the township afford to pay this claim, and is it equitable? To understand this question we must refer back to the condition of our township just prior to the building of the new railroad. An outraged feeling on account of the abuses to whicli we were subjected by the insolent tyranny of the M. & E. Railroad Company was universally prevalent, and when the question of lending the credit of the township in aid of a new line was presented, more tlian two-thirds in amount of the taxpayers signed their written consent, and acknowledged it before Commissioners with the same solemn formality that tliey would a mortgage deed. Allowing for non-resident owners, trustees and others legally incapable of signing, but in fact favorable to the movement, it may be fairly assumed that not one-fourth of the property- owners made any opposition to the issue of the bonds, while a large majority were enthusiastically in favor of it. This consent was given with the full knowledge that, from the time of signing, the claim became a lien on their property by their voluntary act and deed. The railroad company, in accepting the bonds, became morally bound to use the proceeds in the construction of the road within the townsliip, and manifested tlieir good faith by spending their own money greatly in advance ot any avails obtained from the bonds. 48 History of Montclair Township. Tlie carrying out of this bargain cost tlie railroad conipanj' more than $1,000,000, and probably caused its subsequent bankruptcy. Tliis statement may seem to require explanation, and I give it briefly thus: '' The Company had acquired under its charter and supplements the option to bnild its road by way of Paterson instead of Montclair on substantially the route afterward adopted for the main line of the D. L. & W., a line which would have cost at least $1,000,000 less than the Montclair route. The Company had, in consequence of the want of financial support from Bloomfield and Montclair, bought considerable right of way at Rutherford Park, and had a deed of right of way given by the Paterson Society of Useful Manufactures through more than one-half the distance across the city of Paterson, and an arrangement with the city authorities for the use of an avenue through the remaining distance for a trifling cost, by which the freight traflic of all the great locomotive woi'ks within a few rods of the line would have been at once secured. Rutherford Park had given consent to the issue of $200,000 of bonds in aid of the road on that line. "The Montclair route involved the Kearney cut, costing $500,000, the expensive right of way through Newark, Bloomfield and Montclair, and continuous deep excavations across the ridges from the Passaic river westerly, making a difFei-ence in cost between the two i-outes of not less than $1,000,000. The acceptance of proffered hospitality is often expensive, and in this case was disastrous to the railroad company ; for the road could have been built on the Paterson j'oute at least one year sooner, and would have been in operation, and its securities marketed, before the financial crisis of '73, and would have been self-supporting from the start. " It is certain that the road would not have been built through Montclair except for the issue of the bonds. No one connected with the railroad company employed either influence or efibrt to secure the taxpayers' consent ; it was obtained by Commissioners appointed by the Court at the solicitation of many respectable freeholders of the township, and the entire movement was carried through by the influence of representative men of wealth and high standing in the community. "What benefits did the township secure in consequence of the construction of the railroad? This question may be concisely answered thus : The value of its real estate was immediately and permanently increased at least $2,500,000, and the annual saving to our citizens has been at least $100,000 every year since the road was built. I have a statement carefully prepared with the aid of our real estate dealers, showing the prices of fourteen pieces of property in Montclair (about 500 acres) sold just pvlor to the locating of the road, also the prices at which the same pieces of property were resold just after the road became a fixed fact. The former prices range from $150.00 to $1,000 per acre ; the latter from $1,000 to $3,500; the average profit on the transactions being over $1,100 per acre ; and the property was fairly distributed over the township. " Taking these prices as a criterion, the entire 4,500 acres in the township were enhanced in value ahout five millions of dollars. This startling conclusion will be better understood by noticing the fact that without the railroad two-thirds of the land in the township would have continued to this day purely agricultural in character, with only one railroad station near the south end, while now we have five stations, some one of which is in proximity to every acre of land in the township. " Let us be moderate in our estimate, allowing something for subsequent shrinkage, and discount fifty per cent., then we have $2,500,000 as the increase of value in consequence of the construction of the new railroad. " What has been the annual saving to our people? I show it approximately thus : 300 commutations formerly $13 per month ; now $6.50— total $19,500 15,000 tons of coal, $1 per ton 15,000 Other freight, say 10,000 Time of trips reduced twenty-five minutes each way for 500 passengers whose time is worth $3 per day. . 37,500 Profit in local trade from increased population, estimated 20,000 Total $103,000 " Add the fact that every rod of land for right of way was bought and paid for, and generally at History of Montct.air Township. 49 prospective i)rices, uiid another fact tliat not more tliaii two men in the township of Montciair had invested a dollar in tiie original construction of tlie railroad which has benefited this coninuinitj so largely, while non-resident investors to the extent of ^3,0()0,n0(l lost it all, and you have facts sufficient to decitie tlie (jiiestion of equity involved in tlie issue of the Montciair Bonds." Suljse. Howe; 1880-90, Piobt. P.. Harris; 1891, Charles C. Morris (elected for thiee years). Collector.— \%QS-'IQ, Edwin ('. Fulk-r; l.s77, Edwin J. Ileustis; 1878-90, Edwin C. Fuller; 1S91, Edwin C. Fuller (elected for three years). Toirn Clerk. — 1SG8-7-1, Charles P. Sand ford ; 1S75, Geo. ^\', Poole; 187tj, E. G. Ileustis; 1877, Edward Madison ; 1878-81, Geo. W. Pool ; 1882, Edward Madison ; 1883, Wm. L. Ludlam; 1S84 and 1885, J.din Poole, Jr. ; 18SG, Kanford E. Van Gieson ; 1887 to 1892, Henry L. Yost ; 1893, Henry L. Yost (elected for tiirce years). Chosen Freeholders. — 1808, Robt. il. Hening, Grant J. Wheeler; 1869, Amos Broadnax, Grant .1. Wheeler; 1870, Wm. Sigler, Grant J. Wiiceler; 1871-7, M. W. Smith, Grant J. Wheeler; 187S-S3, M. W. Smitii, Philip Doreinus; 1884, Mclancthon AV. Smith, J. Wesley Van Gieson; 1885-6, J.Wesley Van Gieson, Jasper R. Rand; 1887 and 1SS8, J. Wesley Van Gieson, MelancthonW. Smith ; 1889, J. Wesley Van Gieson (held for two years). [By the law of 1890 Chosen Freeholders were elected at the annual election in the Assembly District for two years.] 1890, James Peck, elected for two years; owing to insufficient legislation he held over to the spring of 1893, when Thomas McGowan was elected from the Xlth Assembly District. Surveyors of Iliijhwaijs. — 1868, Edgar T. Gould, Joseph II. Baldwin ; 1809, Joseph II. Baldwin, Wm. A. Torrey; 1870-73, Edgar T. Gould, Cluis. Smitii; 1874-77, Aaron Sigler, Chas. Smith; 1878, Xathaniel Dodd, Aaron Sigler; 1879-83, Nathl. R. Dodd, Jos. II. I5al(hviii ; 1884-88, WiUiam Ticluior, Aaron Sigler; 1889, William Tichnor, Aaron Garabrant ; 1890-93, William Tichnor, Mclvin Sigler. Tiwn Committee. — 1868, Cha.s. B. Baldwin, Amos Broadnax, Jos. H. Paldwiii, Jacol) B. Brau- tigam, Robt. J. Dodge ; 1869, Peter 11. A'an Riper, Amos Broadnax, Wm. 15. Holmes, Wm. S. Morris, John J. II. Love; 1870, John J. II. Love, Thos. C. Van Riper. Xathaii T. Porter, Daniel V. Harrison, Wm. Frame; 1871, Saml. Wilde, Jr., Thos. C. Van Riper, Xathan T. Poiter, Daniel V. Harrison, Edniuml Williams; 1872, John J. 11. Love, Alfred Taylor, Aaron Sigler, Daniel V. Harrison, Edmund Williams; 1873, John II. Parsons, Alfred Taylor, Philip Doremus, Clark W. Mills, Edmund Williams; 1874, J. J. H. Love, Alfred Taylor, E. T. Gould, Wm. Tichnor, Thos. Levy; 1875, AV. I. Adams, Jacob C. Brautigam, Edgar T. Gould, Thos. A. Levy, A. E. Van Gieson; 1876, John II. Parsons, Jos. Van A'leck, A. A. Sigler, F. AV. Doremns, Edmund AVilliams ; 1877, Jos. A^an Vleck, A. A. Sigler, F. AV. Doremus, John II. Parsons, Thos. H. Bouden ; 1878, Jos. A^au A'leck, A. A. Sigler, Reynier Van Gieson, Thos. Russell, AVm. H. AVilson ; 1879, Jas. R. Thompson, Jas. B. Pierson, Thorndike Saunders, Thos. 52 History of Montclair Township. II. Boudcn, Warren S. Taylor; 1880-81, Tlios. H. Bonden, Jasper E. Eand, Ja?. B. Piersoii, Warren S. Ta^'lor, Henry Speer; 1881-2, Jas. B. Pierson, Geo. P. Fanner, Jasper II. Rand, Warren S.Taylor, A. Eben Van Gieson ; 1883, S. W. Carey. Warren S. Tayloi-. Tlios. Enssell. A. Eben Tan Gieson, Geo. P. Farmer; 1SS4 and 1885, Thomas Enssell, Stephen W. Garey, Siiepard Eowland, A. Eben Van Gieson, Warren S. Taylor; 1886, Thomas Enssell, Stejihen W. Carey, James Owen, A. Eben Van Gieson, Warren S- Taylor; 1887 and 1888, Stephen W. Carey, Thomas Enssell, James Owen, A. Eben Van Gieson, Warren S. Taylor; 18S9, John H. Wilson, George Inness, Jr., A. Eben Van Gieson, Isaac Denby, Warren S. Taylor; 1890, John H. Wilson, Isaac Denby, George Inness, Jr., Morgan W. Ayres, Warren S. Taylor; 1891, John II. Wilson, Wilson AV. Underhill, Amzi A. Sigler, James B. Pier, Morgan W. Ayres; 1892, John H. AVilson, Wilson W. Underhill, I. Seymonr Ci-ane, James B. Pier, Morgan W. Ayres; 1893, John H. Wilson, I. Seymour Crane, Hngh Gallagher, Moses N. Baker, Decatur M. Sawyer. Commissioners of Puhlic Hoads. — 1872-73, Hiram B. Littell, Nathan T. Porter, Samuel Holmes, Thos. C. Van Eipei-, Jacob C. Brautigam; 1874, N. O. Pillsbury, Saml. Holmes, Jos. Van Vleck, A. A. Sigler; 1875, N. O. Pillsbury, J. Van Vleck, A. A. Sigler, Saml. Wilde, Abram Speer; 1876, A. E. Van Gieson, N. O. Pillsbury, Samuel Wilde, Samuel Holmes, Elmer G. Doolittle ; 1877, A. E. Van Gieson, Saml. Wilde, E. G. Doolittle, Saml. Holmes, E. M. Harrison ; 1878. A. E. Van Gieson, Saml. Wilde, E. G. Doolittle, E. M. Harrison, Wm. Tichenor; 1879-80, Saml. Wilde, Elmer G. Doolittle, Saml. Holmes, E. M. Harrison, A. E. Van Gieson ; 1881, A. E. Van Gieson, Saml. Wilde, Geo. P. Farmer, Saml. Holmes, E. M. Harrison ; 1882, Theron A. Doremus. Saml. Wilde, W. Irving Adams, Saml. Holmes, A. P. Haring ; 1883-88, Theron A. Doremus, Saml. Wilde, Eobt. M. Boyd, Saml. Holmes, E.M.Harrison; 1889, Theron A. Doremus, Edwin M. Harrison, George P. Farmer, Charles W. English, A. V. Haring (the latter could not serve, not being a freeholder), Amzi A. Sigler, appointed in place of A. P. Haring; 1890, George P. Fowler, Amzi A. Siglei", Samuel Holmes, Edwin M. Harrison, Charles W. English ; 1891-2, Charles W. English, Edwin M. Harrison, William J. Soveral, William B. Holmes, Theron A. Doremus; 1893, Edward B. Crane, Edwin M. Harrison, AYilliam J. Soveral, William B. Iluhnes, Theron A. Doremus. Commissioners of Appeal. — 1868-69, Edward H. Merrltt, Hiram B. Littell, Wm. S. Morris; 1870-71, Alfred T. Taylor, Nehemiah O. Pillsbury, Wm. S. Morris; 1872, Amzi A. Sigler, Nehemiah O. Pillsbury, Clark W. Mills ; 1873, A. A. Sigler, N. O. Pillsbury, John J. H. Love; 1874, Peter H. Van Eiper, Jose^jh Doremus, Samuel Wilde ; 1875-93, Peter H. Van Eiper, J. J. H. Love, Josepli Doremus. Township Treasurer. — This ofhce was created in 1892, and I. Seymour Crane was the first appointed Treasurer, and was reappointed in 1893. Police Force. — Previous to 1889, the only township ofiicer who exercised the functions of police was the regularly elected constable. Two regular policemen were appointed this year by the Township ELM STRKET. History of Moxtclair Township. 53 Committee, viz.: "William Diinlap and James MeNarar. Others have since been adiled and tiicre are now seven, including the Ca])tain. "William G. Niederliauser. Overseer of\he P(>oa— 1868-69, Xathaniel R. Dodd ; 1870-73, W. Corby; 1S74-8S, Charles Smith; 1889, "Wniiam R. Greene; 1S9("»-91, Melancthon W.Smith; 1892, John Sanford ; 1893, John Sanford (elected for three years); deceased September 18,1893; vacancy was filled by the Township Committee appointing John Gonian. Jtisiires of the Peace. — 1868, Zenas S. Crane, "William S. Morris, Amos Broaduax, Stephen R. Parkhurst; 1869, Xehemiah O. Pillsbury, Charles W. i[orris ; 1870, no choice: 1871, A. E. Van Gieson ; 1872, Zenas S. Crane; 1873. Joseph Lnx; 1874, J. Ogden Clark, A. E. Van Gieson; 1875, N. O. Pillsbury, Charles P. Morris; 1876, Zenas S. Crane, George Ennis; 1877, Alfred Taylor, A. E. Van Gieson, Z. S. Crane; 1878, A. E. Van Gieson; ISSn, X. O. Pillsbury, Charles P>. iforris. A. E. Van Gieson ; 1881, Franklin "W. Dorman; 1882, F. AV. Dorman, James C. Crane, II. E. Clark ; 1883, George R. Milligan, Abram Speer, Edward B. Crane ; 1884, Abrani Speer, PMward P.Crane; 1885, J. Ogden • Clark, Henry E. Clark, N. O. Pillsbury, Charles P. Morris; 1886, incumbents held over ; no election ; 1888, George R. Milligan ; 1889, incumbents held over; no election ; 1890, Charles P. Morris, J. Ogden Clark, Henry E. Clark, Hugh Gallagher (the latter did not serve); 1891, Edward P. Crane, elected but did not serve ; Thomas P. Meyer, Louis Lang; 1S92, Aaron Garabrant, Thomas Harrop (the latter did not quality); 1893, George R. Milligan, "William Jones (the latter did not qualify). Constdhh'n. — 1868, Ira Crane, Geo. Speer. Edward II. Merritt, Abram Speer; 1869, "\V^ Corby, Jared Van Gieson, George Powman ; 1870, "W. Corby, John 11. ILiyden, James C. Crane; 1871, W. Corby, John II. Ilayden, Edwin J. Pacron, Henry S. Rodman; 1872, W. Corby, Geo. Simonson, Edwin J. Pacron, "Wm. Simonson; 1873, "W. Corby, Geo. Ungemah, Edwin J. Pacron, James Kane ; 1874, John M. Layland, Jos. Dunn, Geo. DeLong, Edwin J. Pacrun ; 1875, Edwin J. Pacron, Joseph Dunn Stephen "W. Tibl)S, Oliver Levy; 1876, Edwin J. Pacron, Thos. Wiggins, Francis Concannon, Geo. Simonson; 1877, J. H. Jacobus, Geo. Ennis, E. C. Fuller, E. J. Pacron, Thos. Wiggins; 1878, Thos. J. Courter, Geo. Ennis, Geo. T. Punten, E. J. Pacron, Ja.s. E. Murphy; 1879, Geo. T. Punten, Geo. Ennis, E. J. Pacron, Geo. Dipley, J. C. Doremus, Jr.; 188i», Geo. T. I'.unten, Jas. T. Norman, J. C. Doremus, Wm. R. Green, Thos. Courter; 1881, Geo. T. Punten, J. C. Doremus, Isaac A. Dodd; 1882, Isaac A. Dodd; 1883. Geo. T. Punten; 1884, John P. Doremus; 1885, Thonuis Wiggins, James Kane; 1886, George T. Punten, Wm. F. Allsworth, Jr.; ]8s7, John P. Doremus; 1888, James Kane, AViiliam Mulligan ; 1889, Wm. F. Allsworth, Jr., John Bowman, Isaac Dodd ; 1890, Isaac Dodd, George Green; 1891, James Kane, Charles J. Dickson; 1892, Wm. F. Allsworth^ Jr., Peter Whiting. Henry Kane, Isaac A. Dodd, Cornelius Ilalstead; 1893, Isaac A. Dodd. Toionshij) Engineer. — This office was created about 1884, and James Owen was appointed by the Township Committee, and has been reappointed every year, with the exception of 189n, wIhmi the office was held by F. W. Crane. PRESENT TOWNSHIP CioVEUN MENT. Tou'Hshij/ Ohrl; Henry L.Yost; A-xsefsor, Charles P. Morris; Colhctor of Ta.eefi, Edwin C. Fuller; Townshij) Counsel, AUred ^. Padgley ; Civil Engineer, James Owen; Township rhysicitu), James S. Prown ; Ovenseer of the Poor, John Sandford; Health Inspertor, Dr. Richard P. Francis; Commissioners of Appeals, Peter H. Van Riper, John J. II. Love, Joseph Doremus; Coiniiiis>aker, Crane; Fire Committee, Crane, Gallagher; Sewerg, Crane, Baker; Auditing, Sawyer. Board of Health. C(_)niposed of Townsliip Conunittee, Health Physician, Inspector and Assessor. CJif which otlieis were denied. At a meeting of representative citizens held in April, 1893, the subject of a change of govern- ment was introduced by Mr. John H. Wilson, Chairman of tiie Township Committee, and fully discussed, which resulted in the appointment of a non-partisan committee, consisting of the following- named gentlemen : John H. Parsons, Stephen W. Carey, John J. H. Love, John R. Livermore, Charles IL Johnson, Charles K. Wilmer and Andrus B. Howe, to consider the question and tlie advisaliility of a change. This committee held several conferences during the summer and fall of 1893, and as the result of their deliberations found the existing form of government inadequate, antiquated and unsatis- factory, and recommended the adoption of the law of 1888, known as the " Short Law." The preliminary steps were taken to submit the matter to a vote of the people, and on February 21, 1894, an election was held, and by a vote of more than two to one the new charter was adopted, and, with the life of the present Township Committee the old form of government ends. Among the advantages to be derived under the new charter are : First, in the matter of ap])ropria- tions, which will henceforth be made by the governing body or council; Second, in the administration of public schools, all the school interests are consolidated and the management placed in the hands of a central Board of Education, thus giving every citizen in the township equal privileg&s in the matter of common and also of high school education, of which, under the old law, many were deprived throngh the division into school districts. The management of the affairs of the townsliqi will he lodged in a council matle up of representatives from wards into which the town will be divided, it lodges in the council all the powers heretofore exercised by Conmiissioners elected or appointed by the Court for levying assessments, opening streets, improving and regulating thoroughfares, etc. It sinqilities matters in the form of government. It is substantially a City Charter without the usual executive head. One of the most important changes under the new law is that relating to excise. Under the old law the township had no voice in the granting of licenses to liquor dealers, that power being vested solely in the Court of Common Pleas, at Newark. A written application, signed by ten Freeholders, enabled the applicant to procure a license from the Court. Under the new law the power is vested in the Town Council to "regulate, license, or prohibit inns, taverns and restaurants," and the sale or transfer of spirituous liquors, and to fix and pre.scribe the terms and conditions upon which license shall be granted, and to provide for the annulling of licenses for violations of conditif)ns. History of Montclair Township. 55 I'USTMASTEKS AND POSTAL FACILITIES. Previous to aiul for some time after the erection of Bloomtield as a separate towiiship tiie ix'sitlciits of Crauetown were dependent on the Newark post office for their mail. When in later years a post office was established at Bloomfii'M.and in addition tlieieto a regular daily mail service between there and New York City, it was hailed with delijrlit l)y the citizens throujfhout the township, as it brought them into more direct communication with each other and with the outside world. Gradually, however, as business increased in West Bloomtield, and it became an important manufacturing centre, the want of better postal facilities Avas felt, and in ls:',(i ajijilicatioii was made for the establishment of an office at the west end of the township. It was at this period, during the administration of President Jackson, that the cry was raised, "To the victor belongs the spoils"; 1)ut as the political sentiment of the jJCHiple of Bloomfield, and more esj)ecially the locality of West i'.loomtield. was overwhelmingly whig, an acee])tabl(.' democrat could not be found to fill the position. Nathaniel II. I'.alilwin. a well-known business man. although a whig in ))oliti<-s, received the first appointment as postmaster of West Bloomfield in ls;!(i. He was a bachelor, and boarded at the tavern kept by Munn iV i!alc|\vin. The mail was so small at that time, that it re(|uir('i| but little of his time, and the proprietors of the tavern were very willing to have the office ke])t in their |>lace, as it would naturally increa.se their patronage. Mr. Balilwin proved a very acceptable jiostmaster, and iield the position fi-om 1830 to I "^ I i. during the democratic administrations of Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and a ])art of the whiff administration of President Harrison. Calvin S. Baldwin (no relation of the former! was a|)pointed in Is-IL under the administration of Tyler, who succeeded Ilarri.son, the latter having died in office. ^Ir. Baldwin transferred the office to his own building, on the north side of Bloomfield Avenue, west of what is now Fullertoii Avenue. There being no democrat to dis])ute his title, he held the office until 1S53, under the whig administration of John Tyler, the democratic admini.stration of James K. Polk, the whig administrations of Taylor and Fillmore, including a part of the democratic administration of Franklin Pierce. Amzi L. Ball, a democrat, succeeded Calvin S. Baldwin, but oidy held the position for a short time. He kept the office in Sandford's tailor's shop, which was then located on the south side of Old Koad — now Church Street. William Jacobus, a democrat, who had frequently assisted Ball in his work, was appointed in 1S5S, under the administration of James IWichanan. and two years later the name of the j)Ost otiice was clianged from West Bloomfield to Montclair. The office was still a small one, and under the |)ercentagc system, which then prevailed, was worth oidy about .^i;(t(l to ^?,*U) a year. John C. Doremus, a republican, was the tii-st one api>ointed under a rei>ulilican adniinisti'atioii, which began in l^iil with President Abraham Lincoln. He kept the office in his own store on tlie south side of Bloomfield Avenue, opposite the residence of Judge Zenas S. Crane. The business had increased to a considerable extent, :ind the office became for the first time a salaried one. He held the ])osition longer than any of his predecessors — a period of sixteen years — isfil to 1878 — and served under Presidents Lin- coln, Johnson, and the two terms of (ieiieral Grant. Charles P. Sandford, republican, was ai)pointed jjottnuistei' under the administiation of Pi'esident Rutherford B. Hayes iu 1876, and held the position until 1878. The office was located at that time on the south side of Church Street, on the site now occupied by Dr. Love's office. The business con- tinued to increase during his term, and the office was well managed. William Jacobus received his second appointment as postmaster under the adniinistratioji of Presi- dent Cleveland, in the spring of 1886. There had been a large increase in the population, but the income of the office was only about 87,000 a year, and while the salary appeared to offer sufficient inducement for him to accept the position, he found that, after paying rent, clerk hire and other expenses, he had nothing left. He was handling at this time a lai'ge amount of mail matter, requiring a 56 History of Montclair Township. corresponding clerical force, and lie observed several New York business men were in the habit of buying tlieir stamps at the New York office, tlie latter receiving the benefit which should accrue to Montclair. lie called attention to this fact, and finally induced most of these parties to purchase their stamps at the Montclair office. As a result the income foon increased to $10,000, and the next year to $13,000, and the last year of his administration the amount had reached $15,450. This large increase brought the office up to one of second class with a corresponding increase in the salary, while the running expenses wei'e then borne by the government. It also entitled the township to a free delivery, and effoi'ts were made to accomplish the desired end. Tlie houses were all numbered, and the streets properly named, in accordance with the retjuiremcnts specified by the government authorities, and on January 1, 1800, the system of free delivery was established. George A. Van (Tieson. I'cpublican, was appointed postmaster in 1S90, under the administration of President IlaiTison. The office is now located in wliat is known as the Morris Ihiilding, on liiloomtield Avenue, near the junction of Glen Hidge Avenue. The office is fully equipped with everythin necessary for a complete postal service, and is conducted in a thorough business-like maimer, satisfactory to the people of Montclair. When he took the j^jsition the income of the office was $10,000, and it now amounts (1803) to $'.^4,000, an increase of une-third in three years. This is due to a large extent to the increase in population, especially that of summer residents. With the increase of business there has been no increase in the clerical force, and the whole expenses of the office are about $12,000 per annum. Four footmen and two mounted men attend to all the deliveries. Mr. Van Gieson is a descendant of one of the old Holland families, originally of Acquackanonk, who settled in the latter part of the present century in what was then known as Speertown, now Ujjper Montclair. He was born in Speertown, Aug. 30, 1S51. He was educated in the public school, and was afterward clerk in the store of John C Doiemus, and was also a clerk with him in the post office. He was a clerk in the grocery business for live years, and then went to New York with the firm of Hines, Ketcham & Co., with whom he remained eleven years until his appointment as postmaster in 1890. lie is courteous and obliging and well liked in the community. » I o tr I O z < LU I- > m CO UJ cc a. in cc ChaptcM" XI. RKLKilors IXTKKF.STS (>!•" MoXTCLAi i;. CoNGEWiATIOXAI.ISM AND PuKSln TKUIAMSM. ElJKCTloN OK TIIK SkcdXD MkIVIIXC-IIOI'SK, 1733, OF THK .N[oUXTAIX SociKlV (OkaXGK).— OK(iAXIZATIi>X OF THE ClirKCII AT AVATSKSSIXr;, KXOWX A8 THE •'TiiiiU)"' I'kksbytkkiax Ciukcii in the Towxsiiii' of Newark: i.atek as hie First Pkeshy- TEKiAX Church of Bi.oomfiei.d. — Laying of the Corxek-stoxe. »\:f. — SriiscKiiiKks to the New Edifice.— Legacy of Nathaxikl Craxe for a 1'resbyteriax Chfrch at Ckanetonvx or West Bloomfield. — The "First" Presbyteriax C'iurch of ^[oxtci.air. — ()r<;axizaik)x of the Church, 1837. — The First Place of Worshii- — the School Piildixg. — List of Orkuxal Memi'.ers. — List i>f Pastors. — Erecitox ofChir( h Edifice. — Pirciiase of ()r<}AN. — Erfxtiox OF Parsonage. — Statistics of ^[EMliERslm•, Arc. — Skeiches of Kev. .L F. IL\lsky', Kev. .T. A. Priest. Kev. Xelshx Millard. D.D., Kkv. .]. IIomeyx P>i;rky. D.I)., IJev. Wm. F. Jinkix, D.I)., LL.I).— SiNDAY School. — Trinity Pki sbyteriax Church. — Suxday School. — Rev. Orvillk Reek. — Grace Presbyteriax Church. — Sunday School. — Methoiu.st Episcopal Church. — Sunday School. — St. Luke's Episcopal Church. — The Church of the Immaculate Concep- tion, R. C. — FiRsr CfiNGREGATioNAL CiiuRcii okChrlst. — Rev. Amory Howe Uradforh, D.D. — Sunday School. — Pii.ciRiM Mission. — FiRsr I^aphst Church. — Rev. AVm. X. IIubbell. — Suxday School. — The I'xitariax Socieiv. — Vouxc; Men's Ciirisiian Asscmmation. — The Women's Christian Temperance I'nion. — The Colored Population axd Their CJiiurches. — I'nion Baptist Cm rcii. Colhrep. — St. Mark's Methodist Episcopal Church, Colored. HE old Prt'sl)VteriaM Clmrcli lias for loiii; vcars been a iiotofl hindiiiark in ^rontclair. Staiuiiiifr at the intersection of six street.^, and looking, from its eoniniaiuling ])ositi()ii, down the principal avenue of the town, it arrests the attention of every visitor. The relijrious orc;anization. of which its solid stone walls are a fitting symbol, represents to-day, as it always h.is done, the Pauline doctrines of grace and the Covenant Theology, \\ Inch are the glory and .strength of Presbytcrianism. The spiritual life of the Church was the earliest fountain of religious and moral inHueiices in the community; and the hcathful How of its current is increasingly marked and strong. Bancroft, tlie hi.Ntorian. writing half a century ago, records, that '' Scottisii Presbyterians of virtue, education and courage, blending a love of popular liberty with religious enthusiasm, hurried to F)a.st Xew Jersey between the years inS2 antitutii)iis and preferences have given life and color to the common mind." Divergence of views naturally marked the progress of religious movements among such sturdy adherents of varying polities. Dr. Charles Hodge tells us : •• that on the soil of New Jersey at large Pre8l)yterianisin has not invaded and supplanted Congregationalism. It was the earlier and predominant type of ecclesiastical order, and naturally absorbed and assimilated the Congregationalism that came in. This assimilation was not, how- ever, without a struggle between the two systems, and, in a community like that of Newark, originally com])osed of Congregationalists only, the process of change was necessarily slow. When the second Fierson (son of Rev. Aliraliam Piersoii) manifested some leanings toward the Presbyterian order, the dis- pleasure of his people was e.xcited, and troubles arose which resulted in liis dismissal. Yet, on the 22d of October, 1710, Joseph Webb, in the line of his successors, was ordained and settled over the same flock sue by the Presbytery of Philadelphia, and the next year took a seat his church." the Svnod with a ruling elder from 58 History df Montclair Township. The people of Newark at that time were siilistantially a unit in favor of Presbytery, and those of the Monntain were united in favor of the old Congregational basis; Rev. Jedediah Buckingham, a native of Saybrook, Conn., was engaged as a supply for the Newark ciiurc-h during a part of 1710-17. Tlie withdrawal of Mr. I>uckingliani from the Newark pnlpit was nearly coincident with the fact that "in 171S many of the inhabitants of the ^Mountain broke off and foi-med a new society." This was known for some years as the JMonntain Society, and nfterward as the Second Church in Newark — now the First Presbyterian Church in Orange. The I'ecords of this church show that Cranetown was largely represented in its membership. The first on the list of those who were " rated " in the parish in 1 759 to pay the minister's salary was Jedediah Crane. An "a Com])t of the money received on account of the pasanage house" shows the names of David Baldwin, Nathaniel Crane, Noah Crane and Azariah Crane. Among the list of subscribers for the erection of the second Meeting-house, in 1753, the " tribes of Crane" included Nathaniel Senr., Nathaniel Jr., Caleb, AVilliam, Job, Garniel, Noah, Stephen, Lewis, Jedediah, Elihu. Ezekiel : their total subscriptions amounted to £'50. 16. 6. The "tribes of Baldwin," twelve in numlier (same number of the Cranes), subscribed £'43. 1. 1. Anu^ng the "Members in Communion of the Mountain Society ]n'ior to 1750" were Stephen, William, Noah ami Caleb Crane, and Lewis Crane and his wife. In the record of baptisms from 1750 to 1702 are found the names of Nathaniel, son of Noah Crane, 1757, Charles, son of Lewis Crane, John, son of Eliakim Crane, Lois, daughter of Stephen Crane. Of those who "Entered into Covenant" from 1770 to 1783 are the names of Abigail, wife of Job Crane, Phoda, wife of Stephen Crane, Timothy, and Sarah his wife, Elizabeth Crane, Jonathan and Pachel ( 'rane, Matthias and wife Elizabeth, Hannah, wife of Joseph Crane, and Joseph Crane. In the record of baptisms from 1705 to 1784 are ]\Iary, daughter of Elder (Noah) Crane, Lois, daughter of Stephen Crane, Amos, son of William, Josiah, son of Eliakim, Jeremiah, son of Stephen, Nehemiah, son of Elder Crane (Noah), Zenas, son of Samuel and Mary Crane, 1774, Abigail, daughter of Matthias and Elizabeth Crane, Lydia, dan. of Jonas, Stephen Bradford, son of Stephen Crane, 1Y79, Eleazer and Nathaniel, sons of Josef)h Crane, Nancy, Thomas. Jeptha and Hannah, children of Aaron Crane. There were representatives of the Baldwins, Williams, Munns, and other fanulies connected with this church, who were residents of Cranetown, but as the same names appear among the Orange families it is difhcult to locate them. The incii)ient measures for the organization of a separate congregation and church in Bloomfield were taken early in the year 1794 by the members of the above-named churches resident in what was afterward the township of Bloomfield. The Presbytery of New York then extended over all Southern New York and East New Jersey, and the matter was carried up before that body, at their meeting in May of that year, for advice and action. The Presbytery favored the movement, and appointed a committee to confer with a committee from the churches of Newark and Orange in reference to the matter. The meeting of these joint committees was held on the 10th of June following, at the house of Mr. Joseph Davis, of Watsessing. A petition w'as signed by ninety-eight heads of families requesting to be formally organized into a distinct congregation and to take the name of the Third Presbyterian Church in the township of Newark. It was not, however, until four years after this that the church was regularly organized after the Presbyterian form of government, in June, 1798, by the Pev. Jedediah Chapman, then pastor of the First Church in Orange. Eighty-two members constituted it — fifty -nine of whom were from his own church and twenty-three from the First Church in Newark. The ruling Elders and Deacons chosen at the time of its organization were Simeon Baldwin, E2)liraim Morris, Isaac Dodd, and Joseph Crane. The Sentinel of Freedom^ of December 7, 1790, contained the following notes : " At a meeting of the Trustees of the Wardsesson Congregation, Oct. 2(!, 1796 ; History of Moxtci.air Township. 59 " Agreealilv to a resolution of tlie Congregation, the 'J'rustees, having met tliis dav, do assume to themselves the name and title of T/te Trustei's of fhe Presbyk'rian Socirty of BloumficJd. " Extract from the minutes. "Isaac Doud, President." The erection of a Mceting-hoii.se for this Congregation was hegun in the spring of 1707. The corner-stone was laid with >ras(inic ceremonies >fay Sth. 1T'.'7. hv Dr. MeWiiorter. a mendier of t!ie Masonic Fraternity. Tlie Sentinel of June 14. 17'.i7, contained the following: '■ CoMMt'>ric.VTiox FROM Hr.ooMriKi.D : — The head workmen, nicclianics and laliorcis, eni])l<)vc(] at Bloomtield ■^[eeting-]lOuse, take this inihlic way of expressing their acknowledgments to Dcac'on Morris and Mrs. Morris for their polite and agreeahle repast of cake and cider which they gratuitously afforded to them (who were 4o in nundieri at the laying of the i-urn' r-xtpcl foi- S in the Orange CInirch. On Nov. S, 1S12, the following ruling elders were electeecu tlie custom of the people to meet at the piiblic school huildiiii;; for prayer and conference. Tlio inhabitants had generally attended service at the Presbyterian churches in Xewark. at the First Church in Orange, and afterward a number of them went to Bloomtield, and others to Caldwell, as cliurches were being erected at these several places ; the large majority of them, however, were identified with the Bloomtield Cliurch from the date of its organization, and religious services wei'e held in the school-house at Cranetown oti Sunday after- noons and evenings by members of the Bloomtield Chui-ch, the pastor of that chui'ch usually otticiating. The place of meeting was the room in the second story of the public school building on a site just in fi'ont of the present churcli. Major Nathaniel Crane, an elder in the Bloomtield Church, left a bequest at his death, in 1833, designed to assist in establishing a new organization. He directed that tlie residue of his estate, valued at about ten thousand dollars, should be invested for the support of a church in West Bloomtield, when- ever that portion of the ])arish shouhl form a separate congregation and erect a church edilice. FIEST PRESBYTEEIAN CHUIiClI. A meeting was held at West Rloorafiekl on tlie 17th of A\;gust, 1737, to consider the propriety of a separate organization, and on the 31st of tlie month the new parish was created, taking the name of "The West Bloomtield I'resbyterian Society," and electing as its first Ti-ustees, Zenas S.Crane, Cyrus Pierson, Jared E. Harrison, lleubeii I). Baldwin, James ]5aldwin, James Crane and AVilliam Smith. The district school building, of stone, stood about twenty-five feet in front of the present church edilice ; it had, on the second floor, a room which had long been used for religious meetings. This building was purchased and enlarged ; the upper story was removed and over tiiis was erected the new building, the old school room forming tlie lecture room, with pastor's study at one side of the vestibule, and the main auditory was placed above. With columns before the open vestibule it is said to have been quite an imposing edifice ; though often mistaken by travelers for a pulilic house ; the addition was a frame build- ing, painted white. It was dedicated on the 9th of August, 1838, the sermon being preached by the Eev. Mr. Hoover, of Newark. The church was organized at the same time by the Rev. Dr. Hillyer, of Orange, and the Rev. Mr. Seymour, of Bloomfield — a committee of the Presbytery of Newark. There were seventy-one original memliers of the church ; sixty -six from the Church in Bloomfield, two from the Caldv/ell Church, two from the Church at Succasunny Plains, and one from the First Church at Orange. These were : Zenas, Betsey and Joseph H. Baldwin, and Lydia A. his wife ; Jane Ball, Hannah Benjamin, Ann Campbell, Ira Campbell, Sophia Collins, Taliitha, widow of Aaron Crane, Elias B. Crane, and Nancy his wife ; George A. and Zenas S. Crane, and Maria Crane, wife of the latter ; Matilda, wife of T. A. Crane; Harriet Crane, wife of Robert Earl, Amos Crane, Susan, widow of Oliver Crane, Stephen F. Crane, Oliver Crane (Rev.), Joshua Crane, Elizabeth, widow of Jeremiah Crane, Ira Crane, and his wife Margaret; Sarah Day, Nathaniel R. Dodd, John C. Doremus, and Mary K., his wife ; Rhoda, wife of Peter Doremus, Caroline, wife of Joseph Doremus, Sarah Earl, John II. Iloger, Sally, wife of Moses Harrison, Catharine W., wife of Jared E. Harrison ; Warren Holt, Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Jackson, Phebe Kelly, widow ; Robert Laing, Lydia, widow of Elias Littell, Electa, wife of William Mann, Isaac S. Miller, William S. Morris, Harriet P., wife of W. S. Morris, John Munn, and Eunice, his wife ; Rhoda Munn, widow of J. Collins; Rachel, wife of Eli Munn, Nancy, widow of Dr. Cyriis Pierson, Sarah, wife of Richard Romer, Matthias Smith, and Jemima, his wife, William Smith, Harriet G. Smith ; Mary Ann Smith, 2d wife of R. Earl, Matthias Smith, Ji-., John Smith, Jane Smith, widow, Ephraim P. Stiles, and Ann, his wife, Moses Stiles, and Elizabeth, his wife, Ann Maria Stiles, Phebe C. Stiles, Ann, wife of James Tucker, Caleb S. Ward, and Eunice, his wife, Isaac B. Wheeler, and Harriet, his wife; Abraham Zuk. The Church made choice of Matthias Smith and Elias Crane as its ruling elders ; they having held History of Moxtci.aik Tvu\\ li»t (ir mislaid. Tlie followinii is the list since that date : Ilinini 1>. Littell. 187n. Dr. Vincent Harrison. John M. Donlileday. Theodore J!, ('arter (mi date); Thomas ltu.s.sell, 1S7<>. William .1. JIutchin.-on, 1S7'.>, Frederick II. Harris, 18S.3, Theroii II. Sanford, John S. Fo.ster, Malc(Jm II. Smith, ISS7, John Jefferson, 1888, Paul P>al>cock, Wilson W. Smith, 1890, Murdock Howell, isiH. FMward F.ailey, ISttS. The first pastor of the new church was Ilev. Samuel W. F'isher. D.D., who cdntinued from 1831* to 1843, and was afterward pastor at Alhany, X. Y., Cincinnati, Ohio, I'resident of Hamilton College, New York, and pastor at Utica, N. V. He was succeeded by Rev. Nathaniel E. Johnson, 1843-44, Rev. Aaron C. Adams, 184.1-51. Rev. J..I. F. Ilalsey, D.I)., l852-5. During the first twenty-two years of its existence down tu l^»;o the clnuch received 354 nu inlicrs ; 151 on profession of their faith, and 2"3 by certificate from otiier churches. It dismissed during that period, to unite with other churches, 11 1, and lost 47 by death. At the close of ISfin it had l'.H'> com- municants, and the parisli at that time comprised about 85 families. Fnder the pastorate of Rev. Dr. Halsey the present church edifice was erected, and dedicated in 185G, the sermon being preached by the Rev. Dr. Rowland, of Newark. One of the Newark papers, referring to the important work in connection with the affairs of this churcli uniler date of Oct. 24, 185(>, .says-: •' The Presbyterian Church and congregation of West Bloomfield, N. J., have succeeded in the erection of a nio.st substantial house of worship, some 85 by 55 feet in dimensions, and out of a material furnished Ijy the rich freestone quarries in the immediate vicinity of the church. "This house has been erected at a cost of about s|(>,(iO(i, and upon the basis of a subscription, obtained almost entirely within the bounds of the worshijiping congregatii.m. Some individual subscrip- tions have reached the sum of §1,0U0 ; and the people generally have manifested a degree of liberality and zeal in getting U]) this temple of prayer, worthy of the high |)rai.ses of Him to whom it is now devoted. "It deserves also to be noticed in this connection, that the ladies of the congregation have shown great zeal and untiring perservance in this undertaking, and have succeeded in raising more than a thousand dollars from the u.se of their needles, and otherwise, and have appropriated the .same to the purchase of all the requisite furniture necessary to gratify the taste and minister to the comfort of those who shall hereafter resort to this hou.-^eof prayer. "Nor must we pass over in silence the very generous — nay, magnanimous — offering made by our highly respected friend. Miss Mary Crane (daughter of Israel Crane), of a very rich and mellow-toned bell, from the foutidrv of ^lessrs. JoTies it Hitchcock, Troy, N. Y. '• Our beautiful and well proportioned edifice is now completed, looking as though its massive walls of solid masonry would outlive a thousand generations. A house of sufficient dimensions to accommodate the people living within its immediate vicinity, and room in I'eserve for those who shall hereafter, as it is hoped, be induced to locate themselves in this elevated and healthy region." 62 History of Mi jxtci.mr Township. Further additions and inipiMvenients were made to the church editice in 186(1 during the pastorate of Rev. Nelson Millaivl. ( )ne of the local papers stated that : " The Presbyterian Church at Montclair was reopened yesterday with services of a dedicatory character. * * * " During tlie intermission very great changes have been accomplished. The ca])acity of the house has been increased by the addition of tifty jiews, and about two huudi-cd sittings. Tlie congregation had overrun the ciiurch, and before long it will probably reijuii'e extension. It will now seat aljout seven hun- dred people. A beautiful light, open iron balcony presents itself in front of a new narrow gallery, and the effect is very pleasing. '■■■ * * The old pulpit has been replaced by a new one, severely plain, in exact keeping with the simplicity of the service of the church and modern notions of pulpit architecture. It now consists of a mere platform, with a small mov- al)le desk." In 1870 the organ was placed in the church at a cost of about §6,(H)0. Tlie public school bnilding located on ground adjoining the church lot was pur- chased in ISCit, and converted into a lecture room, and in 1SS;3 that building was removed and the present FIRST PKKsllVTHKlA.N rHUKCH. chapel erected. The first jiarsonage, on Eloomfield Avenue, opposite Park Street, was built about the time of the original church building, and first occupied by the Rev. Sanuicl Fisher, D.D., and his family ; his son, Rev. Samuel Fisher, pastor of the church, boarded with his ])arents. The sti-ij) of land on M'liich the parsonage was bnilt extended from Bloomtield Avenue to Church Street, and was a legacy from Xathauiel H. Baldwin. The present handsome and commodious parsonage, located in Church Street, was built during the pastorate of Rev. J. R. Berry, D.D. In 1870 a large Colony went ont from the First Presley tei'ian Church, and uniting with others formed the First Congregational Church of Montclair, and the separation took place amid such farewell greetings and beiiedictions as are expressed by an aiiectionate but overgrown family when its younger members go out to an independent life. Most of these had united with the Presbyterian Chnreh, though of Congregational convictions and preferences. Avith the understanding that they should, when it should become expedient, withdraw in order to organize a Congregational Church. The departing Colony received therefore the cordial Gmlapeed of the old MoTUER CnrRcn. During the pastorate of the Rev. Dr. Berry, the Trhi'dij Vreisbyterhm Church (of which a sketch appears elsewhere in this work) Avas established. Its charter members were set off from the First Church by the Presbytery of Xewark, to compose the new organization. Francis L. Patton, D.D., LL.D., President of Princeton University, supplied the pulpit of Trinity Church for a year; after wiiich the present devoted and highly esteemed pastor, the Rev. (Jrville Reed, was settled over the Church. Since the Re\'. Dr. Junkin became pastor of the First Church, two church edifices have been built in Montclair, at a cost to the Mother Church of ten or twelve thousand dollai-s. The first of these is known as Grace Presbyterian Church. It stands on a beautiful and extensive plot of ground, — the generous gift to the Trustees of the First Church, for the purposes of this bnilding, of Mr. Alfred J. Crane, — at the corner of Forest and Chestnut Streets. Within two years after the establishment of a Sunday school, by the First Chnreh, in this section of the town, so hopeful was the progress of the work, the bnilding was erected and a chnreh organized ; a history of which will be found on another page of this work. The Rev. F. X. Rutan was called and installed as its first jjastor, History of Moxtci.air Townsiiii'. (13 and tlie church lias ^rown steadily durino^ his pastorate. He and his peojile are held in high rcirard hy tlie pastor and nieinhers of the Motiier ( hurch. Tlie colony which she sent out has become a prospei'ous and growing church, and the building and plot of ground, which were transfeiTed to their Board of Trustees by the Trustees of the First ("hurch in 1S9;^,, has become the centre of most promising Christian activities. The Cedar Street C/n'jie/ is the name of the second forward movement made by tlie First Presbyterian Church durinof the la.st few vears. The lot on which it stands, one i)f tlie most eligible and Iteautiful in the south section of ilontdair. was given to the First Church, as a site foi- the chapel, by i[essrs. Edwin and J. Caldwell Williams. It was a most generous donation, and greatly encouraged and helped the devoted woikers, who have labored so zealously to establish and carry on the Sunday school, which with jireaching services conducted there on Sunday night, gives hopeful ]iromisc of Frcsli\ tcrian advance in the south end of the town. The policy of the First Church is that of organizing new en.terprises, new centres of fri'sh aggressive moveincnt. rather than of retaining over-crowded mcmbcrsliii) in the ^Iotukk Cnim ii. The old landmark, so dear to the hearts of many, and so pleasantly familiar to the eyes of all the people of ilontclair. will, however, soon be a thing of tlie past, a fragrant memory, rich with sacred a.ssociations. Arrangements are now lieing made which will result in the removal of the old and the erection of a new, larger an7 per.-ions into its membership — 741 by certificate and 6It) on profession of faith. There are now 450 communicants. The record f>f e\|>enditures for the tii-st thirty-two years is incomplete and no accurate state- ment is po.-isible. During the last 2:J yeaiv :i;::{2S,7n{i has been expended. Of this amount §22U,«81 was raised for congregational pui-])ose.s ami sKiS.Ol'.t for l>enevolent objects. Of the eight pastors who have presided over tin.- church and c()ngregation. data referring to the Work of tive only has been fouml. Uk\ . -bii: Fosir.R JIalskv. J).1J. Dr. II al.-ey was a graduate of Union College and was a classmate of Hon. Wm. 11. Seward; he studied tlieology at Princeton Seminary. Ilis first ))a.storate was over a church in ^lonmonth County. From thence he removed to Allegheny, but his voice failing him, he obtained a [)rofessor's chair at a college in Missouri, but soon resigned to open a female seminary at Paritan Hall, Perth Amboy. He accepted the pastorate of the First Presbyterian Church at West PlooniKeld in 18.52, continuing until 1856. It was during his pastorate in 18.5ti that the new cliurch edifice was erected. He left this church to go to Norristown. Pa., where he died at the advanced ase of eiirlitv-two. While he was thoroughly orthodox as to his religious tenets and his church, his heart was bi enough and his charity Ijroad enough to end)race every member of the human family within their influence. Sinii)le-hearted and gentle as a child in mere worhlly matters, in the cau.se of the Master he was not only valiant, but an aggressive soldier, who would not abate one jot of his faith, his loyalty and his allegiance. The following reference to the installation of Rev. J. A. Puikst was published in one of the local papers at the time : "The Rev. J. A. Priest was installed as pastor of the Presbyterian Church in West Bloomfield, N. J., on Tuesday of last week by the Presbytery of Newark. Rev. I. X. S]ii'ague, of Caldwell, pre- sided ; Rev. J. Pingry of Roseville, read the Scriptures and offered the introductory prayer. Rev. Asa In 64 History of Montci.air Township. D. Smith, D.D., of the Fourteenth Street Presbyterian Church, New York City, pi-eaelied tlie sermon; Rev. I. N. Sprague offered the installation prayer; Kev. J. Few Smith, D.D. of Newark, delivered the charge to the pastor; Rev. C. M. N". Nickols, of Newark, the charge to the people. The discourse of Dr. Smitii was based on Psalms Ix.xxvii. 7; 'All my springs are in thee.'" Referring to his resignation three years later, the same paper says: " Rev. J. A. Priest, of West Bloomtield, N. J., has resigned the charge of the Presbyterian Church at that jilace, and intends sojonrning in Europe for a couple of years for health and study. We trust he may be abundantly prospered and return to labor for many years in that sacred calling in which he has already been so worthily successful." Rev. Nelson Millard, D.D. The ])astorate of Rev. Jlr. ]\Iillard extended from 1S62 to 1867. and during this period the church increased in numbers and influence. A friend of Dr. Millard, under date of March 24, 18(;7, writes: "Mr. Millard did not venture into the region of the pathetic, but in plain, familiar language, often interrupted by emotion, he led us back over the scenes of the past live years of honest, faithful ministry. This was his earliest settlement, and he will probably never fail to reviev,- the scenes of his ministry here with peculiar jileasure. Never were a peo]ile more perfectly united in a pastor. It is the sundering of ties, such as are seldom formed — of associations full of endearment. He counseled his people to avoid divisions — to be willing to bear and forl>eai', and to seek the general good of the church even to the sacri- fice of private judgment. The cliurch now numbers about three hundred members, half of which have joined under Mr. Millard's ministry. ( )f these additions twenty-two were by profession and seventy by eertitieate. There have been seventy baptisms (of which forty-eight were children) and twenty marriages." Dr. j\[illard left this church to go to the Olivet Street Presbyterian Church in Chicago, and was afterward for ten years pastor of the First Presbyterian Church in Syracuse, N. Y., and was said to be " one of the ablest clergymen of that denomination in the Empire State."' Rev. J. RoMEYN Berky, D.D. Dr. Berry was liorn in Ilackensaek, N. J., in 1826, and died at Asbury Park, N. J., June 12, 1891. He was a graduate of Rutgers College and the Theological Seminary of New^ Brunswick. While quite young he became the pastor of the Reformed (/hurch at Lafayette, now a part of Jersey City. From there he went to Fishkill. N. Y.. serving as the pastor of the Reformed Church there. In 1 870 he accepted the unanimous call of the First Presbyterian Church at jMontclair. One of the Newark papers I'eferring to the call said : " Dr. lieri-y's experience of nineteen years in the ministry, his well-known abilities and his invariable success in the several fields where he has labored, are a sufficient guarantee of sTiccess in his new field. These characteristics, together with his genial manners, are sure to prepare a hearty welcome for him among his Presbyterian brethren with whom he now casts his lot." An impromptu gathering took place at the close of his first years pastorate, and he was jiresented with a purse of $300 in gold. The surprise M-as complete and the response touching. He said that the year past had been a happy one with him, and that in his ministry he had never experienced so much kindness, nor spent a year so full of pleasant memories. Just previous to the coming, of Dr. Berry, some eighty members had withdrawn to organize the First Congregational Church of Montclair, but notwithstanding this loss the chu]-ch prospered and there \vas a steady growth from year to year. During his pastorate of seventeen years, — far exceeding that of any of his ]iredecessors, — 532 persons were admitted to the chui'ch. 276 of whom united upon profession of their faith in Christ, and there was a constant growth of spirituality among its members, an increase in the benevolent contributions, and an improved material and financial condition of the church. Nearly $50,000 of the debt was liquidated, and the handsome chapel on Church Street was built during his ministration. An average of c>ver $14,000 per annum was raised for C(Uigregatiunal and benevolent 'X,;i History of Moxtclair Township. r.5 purposes, ami (luring the last two years of his pastorate, i>'2 united with tlie church on confession of faith and 36 by certificate. Just previous to his departure from Montclair, a large number of his fellow-citizens signed the following request : '■ Dear Sir — The undeisjgned citizens of Montclair. recognizing tiic value of your niinstry in our community, and feel- indebted to you in ways it ing that the.se sentiments the churches, and among gratified to have a public their love for you as a you as a minister, ask you when they may meet yon ing, in some formal way, and esteem. AVe feel that leave the place where yon so efficiently without carry- ances of appreciation as we time and ])lace as shall be Dr. lierry, in his reply, fectionate suggestion, but his intended departure tunity for such a reception, sum of ^.5,000 was rai.sed ed to him in token of their appreci:ition of his labors, noble qualities, foremost in mankind; as a j)reacher lie ing from the Great Truths the sole purpose to build and to save his fellow-men. //. .( ^ e ^ /" _^ ^x Kl.\. J. iMI.'. N 1:1. KKV, li.l). ing that the whole town is cannot repay: and believ- are shared by many in ail all classes, who wimld be opportunity of expressing man, and their love for to name .some near day for tlie purpose of present- their tribute of affection we cannot allow you to have laliored so long and ing with you such assur- desire to e.\ press at sucli most pleasing to you." thanked them for the af- stated that the nearness of would preclude the op]>or- liefore his departure the hy his j)eople and present- love to him and of their Dr. IJeirv was a man of all that tended to benefit was fen'ent and uiiwaver- wliich he expounded with ujt the Kingdom of God I II politics he was a staunch Republican. Personally Dr. IJerry was a kindly disjjo.sed gentleman, of commanding and dignified presence, and the attachment between him and his ])eople was deep and la.sting. Rev. William Finney -fi .nkin, D.l).. LI..I). It was certainly a " new departure," and an indication of the progressive spirit of its membership for the First Presbyterian Church of Montclair to call as pastor a man who from his youth had been identified with tiie people of the South, and was as much a Southern man in priiicijile as though t<< the manor born. They made no mistake in their choice, however, as results have proven. Dr. Junkin's work had been in a different field under different environments, l)ut he readily adai)ted himself to his new field of labor, and found the people in hearty sympathy with him and ready to aid him in his work. The sketch of his life will l)e read with interest by those who have learned to love him as a man and admire him as a preacher. Rev. William F. Junkin was born in Philadelphia, Pa., May 1st, 1831. lie came of a sturdy lineage. His father was Rev. George Junkin, D.D., LL.D., the famous leader of the Presbyterian t'hnrch of his day. whose father in turn was Col. Joseph Junkin. an officer in the Pennsylvania line during the Revolution. An old record says of Col. Junkin : "ilis Company on the Tth of July, 1776, was on parade when a courier rode up with the news, that the Declaration of Independence had been 66 History of Moxtci.air Towxsiiir. adopted and and bringing a copy of the instrument. It was nnaninionslv and by acclamation ratified on the spot. The Company volunteered at once, and soon were ordered to Amboy, New Jersey, where they were em])loyed in guarding the Court. lie was severely wounded at the Battle of Brandywine. Having fainted fi'om loss of blood, the enemy passed him liy, taking him for dead. Night came on. A shower of rain revived him. He arose, and di-eading to fall into the enemy's hands he made his way across woods and fields and rejoined his connnand. A horse was procured for him and with a rope for a bridle, a Icnapsack stutfed with hay for a saddle and wrapped in his bloody garments, he ari-ived at his home, ninety miles in three days." Joseph Junkin's gi'andmother was present at the immortal seige of Derry. " She saw from the walls of glorious old Derry the smoke of the most important gun ever fired, the lee-gun of the 2Iountjoy, which righted the ship, broke the boom, relieved the starving garrison, forced the allies to raise the siege and retreat upon the Boyne, where the arms of William and of liberty triumphed and completed the blessed Revolution of 108S." Just a centnrv later her great-grandson, George Junkin, was born at the family seat in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania. From a JSIemorial Yoluuie of distinguished Pennsyl- vanians we quote : " He was a man of God, devout, humble, prayerful. A strong intellect, great ])owers of generalization and analysis, a keen and discriminating logic, a power of language always clear and vigorous, often rising to the height of poetry, a glowing heart full of deep affection, a disposition firm as a rock when contending for the right, but gentle as a woman's in all social elements, made George Junkiu the great and good man that he was." While a student of theology, under the distinguished Dr. John ^I. Mason, in New York, he assisted in organizing the first Sunday school formed in that city. He was a jiroininent leader in the progress and conflicts of the Presbyterian Churcli. A staunch Ohl ScJiouI man in the trying times of 1835-37, he maintained then and always, with pen and voice and undaunted courage, the views of truth as he believed them. He was the author of many ))Ooks and addresses and essays of tiie times. As the founder and father, and President, for many years, of Lafayette College, at Easton. Penn.sylvania, his name will be held in that influential institution in everlasting remembrance. He was President of Miami University, in Ohio, and for many years also President of Washington College, now Washington and Lee University, in Virginia. His influence in these seats of learning was felt and acknowledged throughout many States of the ITnion. He left his delightful home in Lexington, Virginia, in 1861, because he "would not live under any other flag than the Stars and Strij)es." Dr. George Junkin had five sons and three daughters. Among these, William Finney was the youngest son. The eldest was Margaret J. Preston, of Virginia, whose writings, prose and jjoetry, have given her a name as one of the most gifted women of the country. She is often called affection- ately the So((ther7i Poetess. Another daughter, Elinor, was the beloved first wife of Gen. T. J. (Stone- wall) Jackson. And Mrs. J. M. Fishburne. of Philadelphia, is an honored and useful officer of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Board of the Presbyterian Cliurch. John Junkin, M.D., the Rev. E. D. Junkin, D.D., an able Presbyterian clergyman, late of Texas, and George Junkin, Esq., for years a distinguished and honored member of the Philadelphia Bar, are lirothers of the subject of this sketch. William E. Junkin was graduated at Washington College, in 1851, and in theology at the Seminary of the Presbyterian Church in Princeton, in 1854. His first pastorate was in the Falling Spring Church, one of the oldest and largest in the Valley of A'irginia. Here he remained for thirteen years. Four of these years were years of Civil War. He volunteered in the Confedei'ate Army, in 1861. serving under Generals Henry A. Wise and Robert E. Lee. in Western Virginia, and subsequently in the Army of Northern Virginia, as a private soldier, an officer, and volunteer chaplain. Pie was for a time Lieut.- Colonel of the Reserves. The permanent results of his ministry in his charge of the old Falling Spring Church were a large increase in the membership and efficiency of the Church, the erection of a beautiful manse, and the building of a lai-ge and handsome church which adorns one of the most picturesque sites in the Virginia Valley. In 1868 he was called to the pastorate of the First Church of Danville, Kentucky, in connection with the Southern Branch of the Presbyterian Church. While iu Kentucky his Alma Mate)', Washington and Lee LTniversity, conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinitij. History of Montci.air Towxsiiii'. 67 As a preaclier and ehiirclimaii, Dr. Jiiiikin's iiiflneiice and elo(juence gave liiin liigh position tiiroiigliuut the State. His inherited devotion to educational interests led him into large fields of effort. His labors at Danville started the movement and did much to lay firmly the foundations of the Ventral Unicersitij of Kentucky, wliich by its rapid growth and rich endowments has asserted a vast power for good in the sonthwestern section of onr country. In the position of Chancellor of the University for a short period, and as Moderator for the Synod, expression was given of the regard in which he was held, by tiiose who controlled large intluence in Ciinrch and State. From Kentuci."i.i Dr. Junkin was married to Anna Aylett Anderson, eldest daughter of Judge Francis Thomas Anderson, Justice of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, where the record of liis opinions ranks him with his illustrious fellow statesman, John .Mar-hall. She, like her husl>and, comes of honored Revolutionary lineage and churchly Pre.-byterian ancestry. She reaches back through distinguished family lines during the Colonial period of \'irginia's hi.story to illustrious antecedents of English blood. She is the grant meeting was he]resent at this meeting: I). Vincent Harrison, Abra- liam Bussing, William I.. Ludlam. I'Mward S. Smith, Kobert Lj. Hutchinson. Dr. .lolm .1 11. Love, E. Au- gustus Smith, Charles li. ^lorris and I'iiilip Doremus. A committee consisting of ^lessrs. Harrison and Dore- nnis was appointed to prepare a petition to the Presby- tery of Newark, for the organization and secure the ncci'ssarv sijinatnres. \t a meeting held at the iiouse of Mr. Harrison, Saturday evening, Oct. id, 1SS<;, reported the follow- ing i)ctition, signed by fifty-eight church members: '• To TiiK Presbyteky of Newakk. — We, whose names are subscribed, residents of Montclair, respect- fully beg leave to make the following presentation to your body. After long and careful deliberation, it ha.s become our conviction that the time has come for the organization of another Presbyterian Church in Montclair. In forming this opinion and seeking to give it effect through your authority we believe we are prayerfully seeking the interest of Christ's Kingdom in our community. We believe the best interests of our denomination require that the action now contemplated and sought from you should be no longer delayed. We therefore petition that your honorable body will take such steps a,s are requisite for the organization of a new Presbyterian Church in ilontclair at your earliest practical convenience. •• .MoMcr.AiK, New Jersey, Aug. is, ISSfi." The ])etition was granted by a unanimous vote of the Presbytery, and at a meeting held in the old Presbyterian church, on Thursday evening, Oct. 14th, it was duly organized by the Presbytery of Xewark, with fifty-eight members, fifty-seven on certificates (mostly from the Presbyterian Church in Montclain, and one on profession of faith, under the name of "Trinity Presbyterian Church of Mont- clair." The following certificates were placed in the hands of the commissioners: John J. II. Love, Francis J. Love, Edith Love, Philip Uoremus, Hester A. Doremus, Carrie S. Doremus, Adah N. Doremus, Annette C. Goodell, S. C. G. Watkins, Mary Y. Watkins, Caroline Doremus, Martha M. Doremus, JIary K. Doremus, Julia ^. French, Albert French, Caroline French, H. C. Dabney, D. Ileber Baldwin, Effie K. Baldwin, Eveline P. Munn, Abbey M. Munn, Josephine French, William L. Ludlam, x\nna R. Ludlam, Frances W. Priest, Martha B. Priest, S. Maud W. Priest, Daniel Y. Harrison. Frances P. Harrison, Benjamin Y. Harrison. Peter A. Tronson, M. Ilattie I M'.Y I K.KIAN I }l 70 History of Montclair Township. Tronson, Samuel T. Stewart, Marv C. Stewart, Julia T>. Douolass, Charlotte Isabel Bavles, Edward S. Smith, Arabella G. Smith, Charles B. Morris, Fannie L. Bacon, Carrie A. "Williams. Eliza il. Morris, Mary C. Meade, Harriet ]\I. Meade, Samuel C. Mnnn, Abraham Bussing, Emma F. Bussing, Alice C. Bussing. From the First Congregational Church, Montclair : Eobert G. Hutchinson. Alniira Hutchinson, Robert G. Hutchinson. From the Congregational Church in Wells River, Vt. : Clara B. Morris, wife of C. B. Morris above. From the Caldwell Presbyterian Churcli. Caldwell. X. J.: Mrs. Sarah ^Montanye. Miss Alice Montanye. From the Reformed Church. Little Falls. N. J.: Mrs. Ella Obrien Munn. wife of Joseph W. Munn. From the Brooklyn Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N. Y.: Mrs. Elizabeth C. Mead. From the Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church, Brooklyn, N". Y.: Miss Sarah "W. Walker. Miss Marie ilargucrite Tronson united with the churcli on profession of faith. An election for Elders at this time resulted in the election of D. Y. Harrison for a term of three years, and Philip Doremus for two years, both of wliom were duly installed. By permission of Presbytery the church provided for its pulpit and Prof. Francis L. Patton, D.J)., of Princeton, X. J., was engaged by the Society to preach for them until a pastor could be .secured. The first regular service was held in Montclair Hall, October 17th, the Sabbath following the day of organization. The iirst baptism took place Sabbath morning, December 12, 1886, being that of Annie Yarrington "Watkins. born January 2S, 1SS3, daughter of Dr. S. S. G. "Watkins, and granddaughter of Pliili]) Doremus. The Society very soon jiurehased property containing about one and a quarter acres on the corner of Yalley Road and Church Street, at a cost of s7,."j(>0, on which a frame building -iO by 08 feet was erected, fronting on Churcli Street, with a seating capacity of 350 persons. The cost of building, inchiding furniture, ii.xtures, etc., was S.5,781. The entire cost was $13,281. Of this amount §8,30(> was rai.sed by subscription, leaving a balance of §4.075. wiiicli was secured by mortgage on the ])roperty. The chapel was opened for pulilic worship Jfay 29, 1887. Dr. Patton supplied the pulpit at intervals imtil the summer of 1888, wlien a call was extended to Rev. Orville Reed, and he was duly installed as pastor on the evening of October 11, 1888. The first auxiliary society organized was that of the " Ladies Church Home Society," in 1887, its object being " the social development and material interest of the clinrch." The total amount I aised the first year for regular expenses and benevolent purposes was §3,263. The second year the total amount raised was §12,395.58, which included tlie subscriptions to the church building fund. The amount rai.sed the third year was §-1,517. In 1890, §5,350. In 1891 the total sum was §9,115.-42, of whicli §1,732.28 was contributed to Home and Foreign Missions. An organ was also purchased for the church at a cost of about §3,000. In 1892 the amount raised was §7,347.55, of which §2,284.08 was for benevolent purposes. In 1893 the total sum was $7,678.64, of which $1,890.71 was for benevolent purposes. In 1887 the additions to the membership were 6, making total of 64. In 1888, there were 2 on profession of faith and 19 on certificate. In 1>89, there were 2 on profe.ssion of faith and 16 on certificate; 2 dismissed; liaptism of infants, 2. In 1890, there were 6 on profession of faith and 15 on certificate ; 6 dismissed. In 1891, there were 10 united on profession of faith and 4 on certificate. In 1892, there were 10 received on profession of faith and 12 on certificate; 3 dismissed. In 1893, there were added by letter 12, and 4 on confession ; 3 dismissed and 2 deceased. The total membership at the close of 1893 was 158. The present officers of the church are: Elders, Philip Doremus, Benjamin Strong, Daniel ^^ Harrison, Edwin Ferris. E. A. Smith; Clerk. Benjamin Strong: Treasurer, Edwin Ferris. History of Montclair Township. 71 Trustees. — Dr. John .1. II. I.ovp, President. D. H. Baldwin, Secretary, "William L. Ludlani. Treasurer, Edwin B. (Toodell, "William Y. Buirle, Dr. S. ('. G. AVatkins, Adrian O. Sclioonmaker. Auxilianj Socledt'f. — Ladies" Clnircli Home Society, "Woman's Foreign ilissionarv Society, Woman's Home Missionary Society, Young People's Society of f 'liristian Endeavor, Cliildren's Mission Band, Boys' C-hib. SlXDAY St[[(llir,. The Sunday school was organized inmiediately after the first Sabbath morning service with a membership of fifty, and Mi-. William h. Ludlam was cho.sen Superintendent, wjio. with the exception of one year, has continued up to the present time. Tiie school has steadily increased in numbers and interest under his able management. The report for 1892 shows a total of 10 teachei-s, 18!) scholars, and an average attendance of 72. Number added to the church from the school, 17. Number of volumes in the library. 2.50. Present OjjJrers. — William L. Ludlam, Su])erintendent, William Whitney Ames, Secietarv and Treasurer, W. Leslie Ludlam, Jr., Assistant, W. E. Strong. Librarian. Bf\. Okvii.i.k Reeu. Trinity Presbyterian Church was fortunate in its selection of K(\. ( >rville IJeed as its tirst i>astor, a man whose training and experience eminently titled him for the work of building up a new interest in a field of labor where the denomination he represents has held sway for more than a hundreil years. Mr. Reed comes of Puritan-HoUand-Diitch ancestry. He is tlie youngest of four brothers, all of whom are ministers of the gospel. His patenial ancestor was probably John Reed, of Norwalk, Conn.. \\ liu caiiu' from England in Itliin. He had served in the army of the Commonwealth, and at the restoration of Charles II. he left England with many others. He entered the army at the age of sixteen, and had risen to office in which he gained di.rojectors of this branch of the family. On his mother's side Rev. Mr. Reed is des'-ended from the Aliens of Coniu'Cticut, and Abnmi Jac(il( I^ansing, the founder of Lansingburg. Mr. Reed was prepared for college by a private tutor, and entered the Sophomore Cla.ss of "^'ale in 187-1 and was graduated in 1^77. lie afterward taught for a year in the High School at Troy, and then entered I'nion Theological Seminary, wiiere he sjjent two years, and was then sent abroad as tutor in Robert College, Constantinople. This gave hiiTi the o])portunity to travel aiui aecjuaiut himself with the cu.--toms of the East. He remained abroad three vears returning in the autuum of 1SS3, and was graduated in Auburn Seminarv in ISSI. 11 is first pastoral work was at Springfield, Ma.ss., where he had charge of two mission chapels connected « ith the Congregational Church of that ]>lace. Later, he became as.sociate pa-stor of Hope Congregational Cinircli. He continued his laboi-s there until the summer of 18S8, when he acce])ted a call from the Trinity Presbyterian Church, and was soon after installed as its pastor. He was cordially received by the pastors of other denominations and given a hearty welcome by the community. He is faithful and earnest as a preacher, aiul the church has had a steady and healthy growth under his pastorate. He has been in hearty .sym])athy with and labored earnestly for the several reform and benevolent movements tliat have been organized from time to time in the community. ilr. Reed married in 1884 Caroline ^fargaret. daughter of Dr T. L. Byiugtoii. of Coustantinoi)le, missionary to the Bulgarians. She is a native of Adrianople and was a teachei- in tiie American College for young ladies at Scutari, opposite Coustantinople. GRACE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The movement which led to the establishment of this church was begun in 1889, by the First Presbyterian Church, and was tlie outcome of a desire on the part of the Presbyterian churches to extend their work into the section of Montclair nortli of Walnut Street. They recognized the fact that 72 History of jMoxtci.aik Township. all the c'liiii'clies were centred Mnniiid Bludiuiield Avenue, and tliat tlie newer fiection was without a ehnrch. During 1SS9 a collection was taken np in the First Preshyterian Church every Sabbath evening; this collection formed a nucleus of a fund with which to start the new enter|)rise, and early in 1890 the work was pushed forward. A joint committee of the two churches, consisting of Dr. Junkin and Mr. Wilson W. Smith, of the First Church, Eev. Orville Reed and Mr. Philip Doremus, of Trinitj Clairch, took steps to organize the work. Through the kindness of the officers of the Greenwood Lake Railroad, the waiting room of the Montclair depot was secured as a temporary place of meeting until such time as a suitable building could be secured. The first meeting was held at the depot on Sabbath afternoon, June 22d, 1890, and the services were conducted by Rev. AVilliam F. Junkin, D.D., of the F'irst Presbyterian, and Eev. Orville Reed, of the Trinity Presbyterian Church. On the following Sabbath, June 29th, Mr. Henry A. Strohmeyer was elected Superintendent, and Mr. Raymond S. Pearce, Secretary. There wei'e present forty-one scholars and eighteen teachers. The school continued to meet in the depot until Dec, 1S9(>. A choice building lot on the corner of Chestnut and F'orest Streets was presented to the Society by INfr. Alfred J. Crane, and on this a chapel was erected, which was formally dedicated on Sunday, Jan. 19, 1891. Dr. Junkin preached the dedicatory sermon, and Rev. Orville Reed made the dedication ]irayer. Architecturally the chapel is a thorough success, effective in its outlines, and symmetrical in its prop(_irtions ; the interior pi-esents an artistic appearance, and is well an-anged with a view to comfort and convenience. The pulpit is of carved oak, and is an elegant jiiece of work ; it is a memorial of Mr. Ilirani Littell, who was for many years an honored ruling elder in the F'irst Presljyterian Church. The church has been financially self-sustaining sir.ce the autunin of 1891, and in October of that year, Rev. F. N. Rutan was engaged to preach. On Peb. 15, 1892, it became a separate and distinct organization, under the name of Grace Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Rutan was called to be its regular pastor, March 1, 1892. The total membership at this time was ()7, and the following were the first officers elected : Elders. — H. Y. Torrey, C. A. Cook, P. P. Zeiger, (4. S. Jellerson. Becwons. — H. A. Strohmeyer, T. J. Selever, William Clubb. Trustees. — P. P. Zieger, N. D. "Wyman, A. J. Crane, G. M. Johnstone. Trusteex. — F. P. Zieger, N. D. Wyman, A. J. Crane, G. M. Johnstone, I. Campbell. The present officers are: Elderx. — II. T. Torrey, C. A. Cook, II. A. Strohmeyer, G. S. Jellison. Deacons.— T. J. Selever, William < Mnbb, X. 11. Cook. Trustees.— y^. D. AVyman, Alfred J. Crane, G. M. Johnstone. R. Smith. James II. Renshaw. The total number enrolled in the Sabbath school is 2.5(), of which there are officers, 4, teachers, 21, and scholars, 225. METHODISM AND THE MONTCLAIR M. E. CHURCH. Although the birth of Methodism in Rloomfield and West IJloomtield can only be traced back some eighty odd years, there is little doubt but that the '' circuit rider," — whose circuit often extended over a territory from fifty to one hundred miles, — held at different times meetings in this locality, and that the seed thus scattered by the wayside, in due course of time, bore fruit which formed the nucleus of the first Methodist church within the limits of the present township. ]Most of the facts in connection with the history of this organization are embodied in an historical sketch delivered by Rev. J. I. Poswell, in 1879, before a large assemblage, "in the last service held in the (lid building." He says : MoNTCLAiE Methodism. •' About 1SU4 this region formed a small part of Haver.straw circuit, and was under the charge of Rev. Barney Matthias. The circuit was of great extent, and the preacher rode from place to place, preaching in school-houses, in private houses, and frequently in barns. The ]io[)ulatiun was small and HlST()RV OF MONTCI.AIR TowxsHir. 73 ■scatterefK and the preacher enjoyed lianl work and small pay. It was the day when sacrifices were made, tlie precious fruits of whicli we are now reaping. At the (piarterly meeting held at the ham of Martiny II()geneaiiip"s. near tlie ])ond in darkstown. Rockland f'onnty. X. Y., on Saturday, the 1st of November, 180.>, tliere is an account of moneys received from tlie ditferent classes. The amount received was $35.24, and tlie faithful preacher received as his salary for a quarter of the year, §27.68, with which he mounted his horse and rode on his way rejoicing. "In 1811 the circuit was divided and this region became a part of Bergen circuit, and was miller the charge of two preachers, whose names alone survive. This circuit was wide in extent, and the two jtreachers were not in the least danger of dying for lack of something to do. It included such places as Orange, then called Orange Furnace (or factory), Ilaverstraw and Nyack, in Ilockland County, X. Y., and Fort Lee, Paterson aiul Newark, X. J. The fir.st mention which we have of Bloom- field is in the year 181". In August of the preceding year — ISlfi — Bergen circuit held a quarterly conference. X^ewark jiaid in at this conference for the su]>port of the two preachers, *7.()'i ; Paterson, ^1 ; Ilaverstraw, §0.S7i ; and Bloomfield now makes its first a])pearance with S4.16 in its hand. The entire amount rai.sed was ?iit2.51, of which nearly one-third was raised by ])ublic collection. Bergen circuit formed a part of the East Jersey District, wliich district included such places as Trenton, Stroudsburg, Pater.son and Staten Island. It was attached to the l'hiladeli)liia conference, wliich in those days included Xew Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and a large part of Pennsylvania." In the year 1813. a young man named Michael Osborn was a|)prenticed to W. Crane, a joint proprietor with Israel Crane and others in the cotton spinning mills located near the present site of the vacant Wheeler mill just off from Bloomfield Avenue, where the I).. L. iV: W. R.K. crosses if. lie became acquainted with another young man named fiorlinc Dorenius : and. both anxious to do good, they resolved to organize a Sunday .school. .Several of the parents objected as they thought that the (l;iy sch(»ol was sufficient. The .school was, however, opened with eight scholars, and met in the school-house which stood where the Presbyterian Church of Bloomfield now stands. (This antedates the Sundny school of the First Presbyterian Church of Newark, which claims to be the oldest Sunday .-chool in Xew Jersey.] The school grew rapidly. The school attached to the church which was then located in Wall Street. Xew York City, of which young Osborn was a mend)er, nuule a donation of books and tracts. In a short time Osborn left the place to receive an education and finally entered the ministry. Doremus left the school and soon after this he withdrew from the Presbyterian Church and connected himself with the A[ethodist Society. " The Society, which was feeble, met in a .small .stone church wliich was erected about 1S18, and stood on the Paterson Road near P)ay Lane. It was torn down in 1853 and a portion of its materials used in building the jiresent Bloomfield Ciiurch. Meetings were held not only here but in the upper part of Garrabrant"s wagon manufactory, and in the old house at the corner of Old Road and Bay Lane. On one occasion a young man stood u]> to preach a sermon. He was timid, for it was his trial sermon, and by it he wits to be judged whether lie was a suitable person to enter the ministry. He preferred to stand in front of the the pulpit and not in it. He was of delicate form and his voice was weak ; l)Ut he gave the message of Oud to the iieojJe and he was licensed to prtacli. A great mission was before him, for in 1844 he was elected a Bishop of the Church, and for thirty-three years Bishop Edmund S. Janes did grand and faithful work and, dying, left ])eliind him the reputation of being the most effective Bishop wliich the Methodist Episcopal Church in America has ever had." The Methodi.st Episcopal Cliurch at Montclair was an outgrowth from that at liloomfield, as the Bloomfield Church was from that of Belleville. The three churches were on one wide circuit, and churches at Belleville. Bloomfield. Montclair and Orange were organi-ced in order. Tlie early J^loomtield Church worshiped for some years in the hou.se of Mrs. Naomi Cockfair, north of the Morris neighlior- hood, previous to the erection of the stone church above Bay Lane. Meetings were held in the western part of the town about 1817, at Joel Crane's house across the turnpike from where Leist's hotel now stands. "Wood meetings" were also held south of the Joel Crane house at about the same time. In 1827 James Wilde and family came from Saddleworth, Lancashire, England, and established a woolen factory 74 lIlSIOKV (II- MoNrCI.MK 'I'ltWN'SllII'. in tlic Isi'iu'l rraiio mill. Diirini;; llic cMrly vciirs Ivov. Isaiic WimuT, wlm sii|)|)lioil flic circuit, organized a cliiircli in ( )rani;'o, in which Henry Wilde, o( West iiloouilicld, was a tiaistee. The Wildes wore oriLjinall V ( "Inircli ef Ellijiand |)e(>|ile, Init I he sectmd M rs. ^\' ildc had liecdnie a Wesleyan in JMitiland. The earlier portion of the AVilde liunily esi)eciall\ .Inlm, w ho w as a son of .lames iiy his tirst wife — gave assistance in the or<;'ani/,atioii of St. i.nkc's I'lpiscojial ( 'Imrch. luit the lattei- jiortion sn|)i)ortcd the AFctliodist org'anization. The streuiith, iherel'ore, in the tcnvii was traiisfei-red lo the vicinitv of the factories. The Washington School-house was erected in the immediate vicinity by James AVilde. tlu' elder. Tlie first .sermon in it was ]>reached \>\ the ilev. John Kennedy. l"ew of tiie eliildren could attend the school as they nearly all worked in the mills, so a Sunday schoiJ was organized with Mr. KadclillV' as Superin- tendent. Two sessions were held and the i-oom was fidl of scholars. There was also preaching service ever\ Sunday afternoon. Keading and writing wci'c taught, as well as the I'ihleand catechism, and parents and children alike attendiMJ. When the day school was cstid)lished seculai' instruction was omitted in the Sundav school. Here the sehoiJ met until the erection of the present church Imildiiig in iSI'a! (now occupit'd by the ciJored M. V.. (hni'i'li. on liloomlicld .\\('mu'\ when the school was transferred to the gallery (»f the chur'ch. " ( )ii j-'cbiaLary "JUlh, iS'_'S. at ;i meeting of the male meiidiers, the following persons were duly elected Trnstees (the tirst Tiaistees of the congi-egation'i : John Moore, (lorline Horemns, Josiah \\ . Crane, M ichael Cockefair and James \\' ihle. (ioiJine noremus was probably the most useful mendier the ehunJi has ever had. for forty-three years he was closely idenlilie(l with its interests, and his name constantly ap]iears on t he I'ccords of t he rlmi'ch. I*"or a jioi'tion of that long ]>eriod he was 'I'i'casurer, class leader, and Sunday-school teacher, and his house was always open to a Methodist iireacher. He died March iMst. IST.'i, at the age of SI years, and on his tond)stone are engraved these words: 'His record is on high.' "In IS.'lii r.liionilield becanu> the head of the circuit, which included Orange. Woodbridge, and several other places. The lirst ipiarti'rly conference was held at l"\iirlield. June I'J. .\nioug those pi'(>scnt was the rresiding Mlder. Ke\. ( 'harles i'ilman. who afterward became Mi.ssionary Secretary of the Methodist Church. There was jircsiMit alsoasa class-leatler. lulwin I.. Janes, twin brother of liishop Jaiu's. and who at this conferiMice received licensi" to preach; and Henry Wilde, a son of James ^\'ilde, who acted as secretary for the ipiartei'ly conference fi'om IS.'JO to 1833. (Still living 1S',I4K ■■ In 1S;>,") the (piarterly conference was formed into a two weeks' circuit with one |nvaclier. and a year later Kcv. Mr. Swain was apiiointed to the Orange Society, and from that time Hloonitield was no longer a circuit, but I'ose to the dignity ol' a station. "In the year lS;il lots were procured for a church and parsonage. The deed shows that the money was paid for these lots, but it is said that the ground was given by James Wilile. although the amount was not entered in the 1>, aged seventy-nine yi>;irs. The church had for many years a financial struggle. The nu'inbers were few in mnnber, and many of them able to give but little money. In those years the salary of the nuuisters was small. In 1S,");> it was unanimously voted that the preat'her should receive a salary of ><;!.")(> a year. In 18()4. when the price of everything was at the highest point, the estimate for the preacher was ^tiOO. I'rom that time it advanced to STOO. then $1,000. and then to $1.-00. and has since been still further increa.sed. The church during its history has raised cousiilerable money for benevolent purposes. The yeai' IStiti wai5 known as the Centenary year. Large collections were raised in all Methodist churches to what was called the (^entenary fund — to commemorate the one hundredth anniversary of tlie tirst sermon l>re.'U'hed by a Mefliodist preacher in .\nierica. This ehnrch raised foi- that fund $8('i"i. History ok Montci.air Townsiiii'. Y5 Tlieru liavi- hceii u niimlKT v( revival.- in tlio cluircli. Itiit flic greatest of these was niider the ])ast«rate of Itev. .lolni Scarlet, in tlie winter of IS.JT-S, wlien a f^reat reviviil spread over tiie wliole i-oiintry. Crowded nieetiniis were held nif^ht after ni[cthriS. The new organization as a separate l)od\- left tlie old in a weakened condition, and for a short time the latter was known as the West Hloomtield .^[ission. The great revival referred to however, in 1S.j7-8, added materially to its nunilpcrs. and it tlii'n I.ecatm- known as the Wkst I'.i.oomkiki,I) N[KTnoi)isT Ei'iscoi'Ai. CniKcn ; aktkk 1S<50, MoNTn.Aiu M. K. ('niiicii. I'or several years the snhject of changing the location of the chiinli to ;i more central neighhorhood was considered, Imt nothing iletinite wii> acconiplishcd nntil JsT'.". wlicn a lol was IKKLIl AMI I'ARWJNAOIi. purchased on the west side of l''ullerton Avenue, north of Hloomtield Avenue, on which was erected a handsotne wooden structure. An ani])le par.-onage adjoining the church lot was conij)leted and occupied in Novendier, 18H1. The total valuation of the present church property is ahout $30,000. Tlie old church edifice was vacated after the last meeting, helil on Sunday evening, Decemher 7, ls7!t, ami since 18H3 has Iteen occupied hy the colored Methoilists. The new church edifice was formally dedicated Decemher 14. 187'.', with appropriate ceremonies. Chaplain McCahe led the congregation in jjrayer. and I)r. Hunt read a portion of the '"form pre- scribed for the dedication of a church." hy the liook of discipline. The morning scimmoii was j)reached by Rev. .J. V. Ilnrst, D.D. The statement was made by Chaplain McCabe that the co.st of the chureli, and the land on which it stood, was about $10,000. There was at that time a balance due of about $5,0oo. The amount subscribed at the morning service was over ^3,000. Tt! History of Montci.air Township. Chaplain McCabe preached the evening sermon, at which time subscription lists were again opened, and tlie total sum raised at this and two previous sessions amounted to 85,234. Rev. Dr. Berry of the Presljyterian, and Rev. A. H. Bradford, D.D., of the Congregational Church, took part in the ceremonies and spoke encouraging words for the movement. The following is a list of those who have served since 1805 : Rev. Jeremiah Cowiiis, 1865 to '67; Rev. Jesse Lyman Ilnrlbnrt, 1SG7 to 'C9 ; Rev. Thomson H. Landon, 1869 to '72; Rev. James L. Ayers, 1872 to '74: Rev. G. W. Smith, 1874 to '77 ; Rev. Jonathan K. Ihirr, ^farch, 1877, to Nov., 1878; left on account of sickness; Rev. James I. Boswell, March, 1879, to March, ISSO; Rev. John J. Reed, 1880 to 1881; Rev. John Crawford, April, 1881, to :\[arcli, 1884; Rev. Morris D. Church, April, 1884. to March, 1887; Rev. Charles S. Woodruff. April, ls.s7, to :Mareh, 1890; Rev. J. A. Owen, 1890, still continues (1893). Si'NDAY School. From the beginning of the Sunday-school movement in 1813, there have been found faithful workers in this church, who from year to year have kept up the interest in tlie school whether pi-each- ing services were held or not. The list of those who have been especially prominent in this work is incomplete. Gorline Doremus maintained his interest in the school up to the day of his death. There was a period of depression in 1855, and a material falling off in numbers. The attendance of teachers at that time was from 6 to 12, and of scholars from 4(( to 70. The Superintendent was away from home for six months ; the former librarian had left, and. owing to the difficulty experienced in warming the building, the school was closed during the winter. In 1858, however. Rev. John Scarlett, writes: "The school was never in a more flourishing condition." Among those of later years who have been consi)icuous for their zeal and earnestness in the Sunday-school work are James Robley, Joseph II. Richards and Stephen A. Tower. James Robley was Superintendent from 1859 to 1866, when Joseph H. Richards succeeded him, and who, for thirteen years, by his faithful, earnest efforts, lifted the scliool to a high grade. Mr. Rieliards removed to Elizabeth in 1879, and was succeeded by Chas. I. Reeves (who had been brought into the church during Mr. Richards' service), and who served the school for fourteen yeai's ; who in turn was succeeded, in 1893, by Mr. Frank H. Syvelt, the present incumbent. The jiresent member.ship of the school is 6 officei-s, 24 teachers, and 134 scholars in the main school ; 3 teachers and 100 scholars in the Bible classes, and 12 teachers and 77 scholars in the pi-imaiy department ; making a total of 353. ST. LUKE'S P PROTEST AXT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The first church edifice in which the Episcopal Church service was held in this locality was a small frame building 25 by 40 feet, in the rear of a deep lot fronting the turnpike, or what is now Bloomfield Avenue. This was erected by John Wilde, son of James Wilde, the founder of the Methodist Church in the same locality. While the father was a strong believer in the Wesleyan doctrine, John and one or two of Ms brothers were firm adherents of the Church of England. The locality selected for the first church edifice was in the midst of what was then a manufacturing district. This was in 1846, and there was a large and growing 2>opulation in that neighborhood. Later, the " new comers," who were mostly settled in the western pnvt of the village, met in this building, and services were held with more or less regularity until May, 1858, when it was decided to organize. On Easter Monday, 1860, St. Luke's Parish was form- ally constituted by the election of a vestry, and in May following Rev. Henry Marsh was chosen Rector and the Rev. George R. Davis Assistant l\[inister. The first wardens were Owen Dorenms and C. St. John Seymour, and the vestrymen were Dr. R. F. Brower, Richard Naylor, William II. Ashley, H. N. Chittenden and George N. Wright. Mr. St. John Seymour was untiring in his efforts for the church, and to him, more than to any other man, the parish owes its existence to-day. Rev. Henry Mar.sh served History of Moxtci.air Townshii'. 77 from >r;iy 11 to N'ovember 5. isc.d. Rev. Geo. R. Davis continiUMl in cluiriie of the parish until tiie autumn of 1S62. Services were theu iield by the Eev. J. D. ^fnore and others until October 30, 1864, wlieii the Rev. James Chrvstal was chosen Rector. The attendance at this time was small, most of the families living at a great distance from the church. The sittings were free, and the expenses were mostly borne by members of tlie vestry. It was thought the church would succeed better in some other locality, and a site on Fullerton Avenue was thought to be the nii)st desirable, but while the matter was under consideration, Mr. Kobert M. ilening, a member of the vestry, offered to give a plot of land on what was afterward known as St. Luke's Place. His offer was accepted, and, in addition, he contribiited a large amount toward the erection of a church edifice. Others joined in this undertaking, and in 1805 the corner stone of the new church was laid. It was proposed to build it of stone as the money was contributed, and no contract was made for the labor. This proved to be a serious mistake, for before the building was half completed the cost had exceeded the original estimates for the entire building. The work continued under great embarrassment for a time, and it tinally became necessary to mortgage tlie property in order to complete the building. Further advances were made by individual members of the vestry, and it was finally finished in .Vjiril, ls7e totally inadeijuate to meet the growing demands. At t\i\> juncture, ^Ir. AViiliam Fellowes. a parishioner, offered to give the lot on the corner of Fullerton Avenue and I'nion Street. |irovidcd the parish would build there, and complete the edifice free of debt. This being agreed to. and Mr. Fellowes having further contributed most liberally, the corner stoTie of the present edifice was laid by l>ishop Starkey with impressive ceremonies on June 13, ISSf), and on .Vdvmt Sunday. Xovendier 3U, IS'.to, the first service was held therein. The architect was Mr. R. 11. Robcrt.(» feet high from floor to ridge. The churcli seats 750 persons, and there is an unobstructed view of the chancel, owing to the entire absence of columns — a notable feature. The chancel has stalls for fifty choristers. On its northern side is the oi-gan chamber, containing a fine three-manual instrument by IIarri.son. having more than 2,000 pipes, and on the southern side is a spacious vestry, which is used also as a place of assembly for the choir just before beginning the processional, and which communicates with the nearest transept by a wide Gothic double door. Both the organ chand>er and the vestry are .separated from the chancel by passageways opening into the nave, which are utilized as exits for communicant.-. The robingroom for the choir occupies the full deptli of the Iniilding beneath the chancel. The nave is lighted at the west by a cluster of five Gothic windows of equal height, surmounted by a rose window, and the transepts by similar clusters rising in height toward the centre. The choir has two ui>per windows on the soutli, and the apse five, all with glass by Booth, the two nearest tlie choir being designs without figures, and the others figures emblematic of Faith, Hope and Charity ; Faith and Hope on each side being represented a.s women, while Love, in the centre, is represented by a figure of our Lord as the Good Shepherd. The altar and reredos are of commanding design, these and all the other chancel furniture, together with the pews, being of antique oak. The pews have been specially admired for their design and for their comfortableness. 78 HiSTORV OK MONTCLAIR TOWNSHII' Tlie acoustic propertie=^ of tlie cluircli are remarkably good. There are five entrances. On tJie north is a churcli porch, wiiich can be entirely shut oil' from the body of tlie Iniilding and from other entrances, making it sjjecially convenient for weddings, etc. Another door leads directly into the tower and thence both to the porch and to the nave. Tlie carriage entrance is on the south, and on the south- east and east there are doors for cleigy and choir respectively. The building is of reddish brown sandstone from the Belleville quarries, and the tower, when completed, will rise, with its spire, to the height of about 160 feet. The total cost of the property thus far had been about $90,000. Being entirely free from debt, the church was consecrated on December 20, 1892. The rector iiad appointed Rev. Alexander Mann, of Orange, as master of ceremonies, who marshalled the clergy and choir into procession. The clergy folio «-ed P>isho]) Starkey, who had his pastoral staff borne before him l)y his chaplain, the Rev. John Keller, as he walked up the middle aisle repeating, with the clergy. Psalm xxiv. The instrument of donation was then presented by Mr. L). X. Force, the senior warden of the pai'ish. The sen- was read by the Rev. the rector of the ])ar- meneement of Morn- made a brief and hap- ulation to the congre- referred to the beauti- parishioners in partic- devotion of the vesti'y also paid a well deserv- for his faithfulness as loyalty as a jiriest of bishop. was said by the Rev. Dr. Goukh of Phila- Dr. Boggs and Rev. sermon was delivered bert Tulhot, D. D.. and Idaho. It was a of the half-forgotten be known by its good shipping church ; and to the congregation use of the consecrated The bishop of the Holy Communion, as- bot and Archdeacon Jenvey. The otfei'ings were received for the Parish House and Sunday-school building fund. The nnisic was rendered l)y the vested choir of between thirty and forty men and boys of St. Luke's, under the direction of Mr. Joseph II. Moore, the organist and choirmaster of the church. The work of the choristei's was well done and fully sustained the more than local reputation of Mr. Moore as a reverent, scholarly and efficient church musician. Among the visiting clergy were the Rev. ^lessrs. Richard Hay ward, Ilai-old Arrowsmith, Frank A. Sanborn, M. M. Fothergill, John S. Miller. !•". M. McAllister, of Elizabeth, and I)r Haskins. of Brooklyn. In 1S92 the old church property was sold to Montclair School District No. s, and with the proceeds, and the promise of subscriptions in addition, a parish building was commenced in 1893 connected by covered cloister with the church. It is expected to be ready on or about Easter. 189-1. ST. I.UKE S EPISCOPAL ruiRCH. fence of consecration Frederick B. Carter, ish. Before tlie com- ing Prayer, the bishop \)y adtlress of congrat- gation, in which he ful gifts of one of the ular, as well as to the of the church, and he ed tribute to the rector a pastor, and for his the diocese to its Morning Prayer Archdeacon Walker, delphia. Dr. Bishop, C. S. Abbott. The hy the i;t. Rev. Ethel- Bishop of Wyoming forcil)le presentation truth that a church to works must be a wor- an earnest exhortation |iresent to make good building. diocese celebrated the sisted by Bishop Tal- HiSTORV DK MdNTCI.AIR TOWNSHIP. 7'.' The building is intended for the Sunday school, chapel and parish house work. It has a seating capacity of about 400. and is admirably arranged for these purposes. The architect is ilr. Win. llalsey Wood. The estimated cost of the entire property, with church spire and rectory, will \>',I3, for .securing a deacon in orders, whose whole time would be given, it was decided to engage, as rector's as.sistant, the Rev. Claudius ]\[. Rdome. lie entered on iiis duties at once, and later, on Sunday. February 1 1. 1^'.'4. was solemnly ordained a priest l)y Bishop Starkey, at morning services. The members of the vestry at this time. .March. 1S04. are as follows: Senior Warden. Dexter N. Force; Junior Warden. Frcdrrick W . (iwinn ; \'estrymen, Edwin A. Bradley, .lc;cl .lenkins. .lolm T. Weeks. Edward (i. Burgess, F. Meriam Wbt-eler. (George I. Wichman. George Batten. Till-; CliriM 11 OF TllF lMM.\(ri.ATF CONCEPTION, (Roman (yatliolic) is an outgrowth from Itelleville. TJie Kcv. .lolm llogan. pastor of St. Peter's Church, Belleville, visited West Bloomtield, as one of his stations, and about 185<> tin- tditice was erected. It was located on Washington Street. It continued under the care of the Belleville ])astor till lS*i4. The Rev. Titus .loslyn, the first resident i>astor. cauic to the congregation on February litli of that year. He was born a Protestant, in Schenectady, N. Y.. and was educated in I'nion College, uiuhr tlic cure of his father. Professor .loslyn. of that college. His parents removed to New ^'ork in 1S4I). wiiere lie was baptized by Bishoj) Hughes, June 10, 1^4."). lie entered St. Joseph's Seminary, under the Jesuits, in 1847, wa.s ordained prie.st in St. Patrick's Cathedral, in New York, March 13, 1852, ami labored under the direction of Archbishop Hughes till he came to the parish — West Bloomfield. He remained pastor for over ten vears — till Sei)tend)er ."), Is74. I'nder his direction the church was enlarged, in ls.">6 the tower built, and one-half of the present property ])urcha.sed. The jiarish included the Roman Catholic popula- tion of Caldwell. Bloomtield and Watse.ssing. The Rev. A. M. Steets succeeded Mr. Josyln as pastor from Sejjtendier .">. 1S74, to >Marcli 18, 1879. During his ])astorate the new rectory, at the corner of Elm and Fulton Streets, was built in 1876. Rev. Jo.'seph F. Mendl was a[>pointed rector of the parish in .\pril, 1879, by ArchhislKjp Corrigan, who was then Bishop of the diocese of Newark. There were at that time about 900 communicants. In August, 1898, after a thorough canva.ss of the parish, it was found tliar there were 1,5211 — an increase of nearly sixty-seven jier cent. The religious and secular education of the children i)ecame a matter of |)aramount impoi-tance with Father .Mendl, and in Septemt)er. l>»M,a parochial school was established, with liln pupils, taught by five Sistei-s of Charity, from Madison. N. J. This has now an average daily attendance of 250 pupils. The propertv of Bernard Wallace was purchased for the church the same year. In 1S7S the Church of the Sacred Heart was organized in Bloomtield, it being an outgrowth of the Montclair Church. Caldwell and Tei-oiia, wjiich were formerly included in this parish, were subsequently separated, and in 1SS5 I!ev. J. J. Shannessy was appointed the first resident pastor of the new church. .\t the time of its organization the church on Washington Street was considered to be cen- trally located for the population of Montclair and Bloointield, but after tlie organization of the so History of Moxtci.air Township. Bloomlield Churcli it was tlioiiirlit advisable to select a location nearer to the mountain, as the new township was crowinji; rapidly in that direction; and in December, 1891, a large building site was purchased of Tlieodore Carter on the corner of North Fullerton Avenue and Mnnn Street, for the sum of $20,000. Additional land was purchased of J. N. Kudgers, in 1892, adjoining the other, for SIO.OOO. Plans for au iiiij)osing church edifice were designed by William Schickel, architect, of New York, and ground was broken in May, 1892. The corner stone was laid October 21, 1893, the ceremonies being conducted liy the Right Eev. W. i\r. Wigger, D.D. The sermon on that occasion was preached by Rev. J. J. Synnott, D.D., a mendier of the parish, and the first American .student who received the degree of D.D. at the Catholic University in Innsbruck, Tyrol, in ISST; he is at present Professor of Theology at Seton Hall College, South Orange, N. J. The basement of the new church was finished and covered with a temporary roof, and dedicated on Decoration Day, 1893, AViggei-. The first ser- worsliip was held on the The basement has a seat- people. It is Iniilt of and cost $26,000. ure of the completed esque, clear-story, of the tower to be located at lertou Avenue and ^luuii frontage on North Fuller- and 178 feet in depth, building, complete, is Two insurance societies the pari,sh, — one, a branch lent Legion, " Fat be ]■ another. Branch 426, of America, in November, Joseph FhancisMenj)!., tlie Imniacniate Concep- bruck, Tyrol, Austria, educated in the Gymna- four years in the study of dained a priest July 2.5, sent on a mission as assist- ing oiit of the Austria- Italy allied against Aus- as chaplain in the Austrian Army with the commission of Ca])tain, being at the time the youngest priest in the diocese. At the close of the war he returned to the mission, and in 1869 went to the American College,* Louvain, Belgium, as prefect, remaining two years, until October, L871, when he came to this country and was appointed cui-ate of St. Peter's Church, Newark, in October, 1872; he was then sent to St. Paul's Church, Jersey City, as pastor, continuing until 1878. On Christmas, 1878, he came to Montclair, and assumed his present charge. Under his pastorate the cinn-ch rapidly increased in membership, necessitating, in 1881, the building of a gallery, with an additional seating capacity of 300. There was then a debt on the church of $16,000, which has since been liquidated, and large thh; church of ihf. immaculatk conception. by Right Rev. W. M. vice in the new place of first Sunday in J une, 1893. ing capacity for 1,000 Belleville brown stone. The style of architect- church is to be Roman- Belleville brown stone, the corner of North Ful- Street. It will have a ton Avenue of 75 feet. The estimated cost of the $75,000. have been established in of the Catholic Benevo- Steets's Council," in 1 888; the Catholic Knights of 1885. rector of the Church of tion, was born in Inns- March 17, 1813. He was sium in Brixen, and spent theology. He was or- 1865, and immediately ant curate. At the break- Prussian war (Prussia and tria), in 1866, he served * Archbishop Riordan, of San Francisco, Archbishop Janssens, of New Orleans, Bishop Spalding, of Peoria, Ul., Bishop Vander Vy ver, of Richmond, Va., Bishop Maas, of Covington, Ky., Bishop Brondel, of Helena, Montana, and about 500 priests of this country were graduates of this college. HlSTOKV OF >[nXT(I..\IR TdWNSHir. SI additional suius l•ai:^ed for the erection of tlic new flmrch edifice. Tiie amount was raised liv liiin largely among the poorer classes, the total amount exceeding S+(»,000. He established tlie jiiuocliial school and gave up his own elegant residence on Elm Street for that jiurpose. He is Ueloveil liy liis people, respected and honored in tlie community, and devnteij to tlie iiitoicsts of liis cliurcli. Till-: FiijsT ('()X<;i;i;(;ati<>nai. ciiriicii of ciiihst. Tiiis ( linrcli and Society, aithougli of recent origin. ii;iving l)een cstaUlit-lied long after the founding of tlie i)resent town of Montdair. has grown to he not o]ilv the hirgest in the township, but, with one exception, the largest church in the State — having a nieniheishii) of over 7eadle. Samuel Boyd. Samuel Holmes, AVilliam I!. Hunt, Charles 11. Pinuey, Theodore L. Tubbs and Samuel meeting after a full it was iinanitnously lieving that the interests of the cau.se of Christ in this place demand the organization of a new Church and Society, we do pledge to each other our mutual and hearty su])p(jrt in such an enterpri.se. A com- mittee on organization was then appointed, consisting of Samuel Holmes, Charles H. Johnson, Samuel Wilde, Jr.. Joseph B. Beadle aiul Edward S. l^inney. This committee made a report January 17. 1S70, reconmiending a call for a meeting for organization, which was adopted. The following ]iersons were then adiied to the Committee: Julius H. Pratt, James B. Pearson, and Kev. Daniel S. Rodman. ONGRK'.A I KlNAI. LIU R( II. 82 History of Montclatr Township. At a meeting lield on the 20th of January, ISTO, the Society was organized, and the following persons were elected Trnstees: Samuel Holmes, Joseph B. Beadle, Chsirles IT. Joliiison, Edward Sweet, Samuel Wilde, Jr., and Julius II. Pratt. At this meeting Mr. Julius II. Pratt, hv request, read a paper entitled " ]\Iontclair Prior to the Organization of the Coiigreeational Church." in which lie clearly established the " prior claims" of this '•new Church and Society." .\fter briefly reviewing the history of the other religious denominations of Montclair, and his own work in connection with them, he says: "As Congregationalists we are not intruders, and we make no apology for being here, for we come only to claim a long neglected inherit- ance which is ours by indisputal)le right." Referring to the little band of Connecticut colonists — 30 in mimher — under the leadership of liev. Abraham Pierson, who separated from the Church of Branford because of their unwillingness to accept the doctrine of the "• half-way covenant," and remoyed to Kew Jersey, landing on the west shore of the Passaic, at a place which they named " Xeworke " — new work — meaning the "new enterprise," Mr. Pratt says : " I haye alluded to the extinct race of Congregationalists who once dominated the greater part of the State of New Jersey, and our time may he profitably employed in a rapid glance at the liistory of the ]Siew England jjilgriins ^yllO first settlet into the vortex of Presbytcrianisni. an organization which struck its first roots into the New Jersey .-oil fifty years after the ay degrees Congregationalism became united with ami gradually merged into Presbyterianism. Continuing, he says: "This fatal union which soon embraced all, ur nearly all, the churches founded by the Congrega- tionalist settlers in New Jersey proved to be the union of the lion and the lamb, with the lamb inside, which by the succession proces.-;cs of deglutition, digestion, absorption and assimilation added immensely to the stature and strength of a constitution favored by the accession of a new and rich blood. "The process of digestion was going on from about 172i' to ITot!, when by the 'Adopting Acts,' so called, the present system of Presbyterianism was established on the Western Continent, and the early Congregational Churches of New Jersey thus vanished away. " What is the les.^on taught us by such a distinctive disjiensatiun ; "That the old testament religion is not adaj)ted to modern life — that the new gospel of universal charity must crush all barriers of sect, and exterminate all theological dogmas of human invention. "The old Puritans had great virtues aTid great faults. The good in them was transmitted to their posterity, and to-day shines forth in glorious lustre from our Presbyterian churches. Their illiberal and narrow j)rejudices, which were the fruit of a hard and persecuted life, were swept away by the free breezes of our new World. Now, on the same soil where the old Congreg.itioual policy perished, a resuscitated life aswserts itself, and with tlie spirit of * malice toward none and charity for all,' Congrega- tionalism only .seeks the opportunity of joining hands with Christian brethren, of whatever sects, in the great work of regenerating the world.'' On the evening of February li'th, 1S70, a committee consisting of Kev. Daniel S. liodman, James 13. Pearson. Alexander M. Clerihew, David B. Hunt, and Samuel D. Cro.sby, was appointed to prejiare by-laws and business rules for the society, and on the ■i'.'th of ^farch following the basis of Union and By-Laws were adopted. At a meeting held at the residence of Kdward Sweet. A|)ril ."., 1870, it was voted tliat measures be taken toward the organization of a Cimrcli, ;md that the Committee on " By-Laws for the Society "' be a Committee on Organization, and to prepare and submit for consideration Articles of Faith and a Covenant, S-i HisToKv (ir MdNTci.AiR TdwxsniP. LIST 21(11/ 29, JS7(K II > Samuel Holmes. By Mary G. Holmes. Jane A. Hemingway. Mary M. McLaughlin. Lewis S. Benedict. Harriet J. Benedict. Sarah Benedict. Minnie H. Benedict. John W. Taylor. Amelia Benedict Taylor. Samuel Boyd. Sylvia C. Boyd. Edward S. Pinney. Elsie P. Pinney. Charles E. Baker. E. Louise Baker. Thomas H. Bouden. Lucy A. Bouden. Samuel Wilde. Jr.. Mary E. Wilde, William H. Wilson. Cynthia Wilson, Charlotte L. Wilson, George S. Merriam, William B. Holmes. Mary H. Holmes. Nehemiah O. Pillsbury, Mary K. Pillsbury. Adra E. Bradbury, Amanda F. Bradbury, Israel Crane. Anna B. Crane. Anna B. Lloyd, Frances J. Piatt, Evelyn S. Piatt, Charles H. Johnson. Nettie H. Johnson. Joseph B. Beadle, Laura A. Beadle. Edward Sweet, Carrie W. Sweet. Anna C. Bull, Fannie H. Harrison, Henrj- Nason, Anna G. Nason. Abbie Y. Smith, Theodore L. Snj-der. Julia L. Snyder, Samuel D. Crosby, Fannie D. Crosby. Marj- N. Crosby. Jesse H. Lockwood. Sarah R. Lockwood, Susie G. Shafer. Samuel W. Tubbs. Ruth Emma Tubbs, Alexander M. Clerihew. Emily F. Clerihew, OF MEMBERS IX THE CHURCH WHEN ORGANIZED, David B. Hunt. • from The Broadwav Tal>ernacle Church. New York City. First Congregational Church. Fair Haven. Conn. Presbyterian Church. Montclair. New Jersey. Plymouth Church, Brooklyn. X. V. Presbyterian Church. Montclair. N. J. First Congregational Church. Jer sey City. N. J. Presbyterian Church. Montclair. N.J. First Reformed Church. Hoboken. N.J. Congregational Church. Yale C<»1- lege. New Haven. Conn. The Broadway Tabernacle Church. New York City. V'\ letter from Presbj'terian Church. Montclair, N. J. Presbyterian Church. N.J. Montclair. First Presbyterian Church. Bloom- field. N. J. Presbyterian Church. Montclair. N. J. Plymouth Church, Milwaukee, Wis. Presbyterian Church. Montclair. N.J. Elm Place Congregational Church. Brooklyn. N. Y. First Congregational Church. Jer- sey City. N. J. Presbyterian Church, N.J. Montclair. Madison Square Presbyterian Church. New York Citv". Lee Avenue Reformed Church. Brooklyn, N. Y, Presbyterian Church. Montclair. N.J. Chrstnut Street Presbyterian Church, Louisville, Ky, Presbyterian Church, Montclair, N. J, Congregational (luircli, Williams' Bridge. N. Y, First Congregational Church. Jer- sey City. N. J. Plymouth Church, Brooklyn. N. Y. Sands Street Methodist Episcopal Church, Brooklyn, N. Y. First Congregational Church, Jer- sey City, N. J. :\Iary A. Hunt. Mary C. Hunt. David B. Hunt. Jr.. Helen E. Terry. James B. Pearson. Ellen J. Pearson. Charles J. Pearson. Angeline Horton, Jlargaret A. Hamilton, John W. Pinkham, Cornelia F. Pnkhani. Josiah T. Wilcox. Helen M. Wilcox. George W. Leonard. Mary J. Leonard. Julius H. Pratt, Adeline F. Pratt, Gertrude C. Pratt. Mary C. Crane, Abbie F. Crane. Henrietta G. Chittenden, Daniel S, Rodman. Lucy W. Rodman. Nathan T. Porter. Mary C. Porter, Congregational Church. North- ville. L. L. N. Y. Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church. New York City. Classon Avenue Presbyterian Church Brooklyn. N. V. Presbyterian Church. Montclair. N. J. Lee Avenue Reformed Church. Brooklyn, N. Y. Presbyterian Church, Montclair. N.J. Nettie M, Bradbury. Amory H. Bradford. Julia S. Bradford. Francis B. Littlejohn, Han-y Littlejohn, Agnes L. Littlejohn. John Habberton, Alice L. Habberton. Dorman T. Warren, Harriet C. Warren, Henry L. Crane, Louisa DeLyons. Lucy ?I. Brown, Marv Jane Adams. Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, N. Y, Second Congregational Church. Stonington, Conn. From Baptist Church. Waterbury, Conn. By letter from Second Congregational Church, New London, Conn. November 6, 1870. By letter from Presbyterian Church. Bloomfield. N. J. Congregational Church. Charlotte. Mich. Presbyterian Church. Clinton. N. Y. The Broadway Tabernacle Church. New York City. Plymouth Church. Brooklyn. N. Y January i, 1871. James Baker. Henry White. Henrietta H. White. Theodore Taylor. Marj" B. Taj lor. Charles A. Hopkins. Sarah L. Hopkins, Hattie M. Hopkins, Frederick G. Hastings, By letter from Presbyterian (.'hurch, Montclair, N. J. Second Baptist Church, Savannah, Ga. St. Luke's Church. East Green- wich. R. L Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York City. March 5, 1871. By profession of faith. May 7, 1871. By profession of faith. By profession of faith. Py letter from New England church. New York City. July 2, 1871. Pv letter from Tabernacle Church, Jersey City, X. J. Congregational Church, Nurth- ampton. Mass. HrsTOKV OK MoxTcr.AiR Township. 85 The following officers were chosen in accordance with the Con.-titntion and By-Laws of the Church: Di'acmM — Samuel Holmes. Josepli B. Beadle, James B. Pearson and David B. Hunt. John "\Y. Taylor was chosen Clerk, and F.ewis S. lienedict. Samuel T>. Crosby, and Samuel "Wilde. Jr.. members of the Standing Committee. .\ hall was secured on Bloomtield .\ venue, near Fullerton .\veiuie. in the third storv of a building- since destroyed by fire. This was fitted up as a place of worshij). and on the morning of June 5, 1870, the first meeting of the church was held, at which .service Rev. Leonard Bacon, D.D., of New Haven, Conn., preached the sermon and adnunistered the rite of Baptism to three children, viz.: Grace Pinnev. Lucy IJodgers liomlen. and Edwin ^[ortimer Harrison. (M\ the afternoon of the same day this church by invitation united with the Presbyterian Church in a union Communion service. Rev. Dr. Bacon and Rev. T)r. Berry jjresided at the table, and the deacons of each church officiated in the service. On the Sth of June, ISTi', at three and a half o'clock p. m., a council was convened by invitation in the Presbyterian Church to examine the .«teps taken in the fonnation of this church, and to consider the propriety of its formal recognition. The following representing their several churches assembled in council : Oraiiijr Valley Lhiiri'li — Rev. (ieorge B. Bacon, Pastor; Deacon A. Carter. Delegate. Seamil Valley Clutnlu Orange — Rev. T. .\tkinson. Pastor; Mr. .\. P>aldwin, Delegate. Bellerilte Ai'enue Churrh, Newark — Rev. C. B. Hulburt, Pastor; Mr. William D. Russell, Delegate. Grove Street Church, East Orange — ^[r. R. D. Weeks. Delegate. 7'V/'.nY ('(iiKjreijutinnul Churrh, Newark — Rev. William B. Brown. Pa.stor ; Mr. J. !'. Jube, Delegate; Phj,n„uih Church, Brooklyn. N. Y.— Mr. T. H. Bird. Delegate. Churrh . Willcox. Pai;tor ; Deacon H. D. Holt, Delegate. Also P^ev". G. AV. Woow's great undertaking. A inircliased on the corner ton Street, and the corner laid on the 30tii of May, Amory H. Bradford, and by Rev. George B. Bacon, ing exercises were held in and the .sermon preached lor, D.D., of Xew York ()ctober,1873,theChurch priate ceremonies. The and the erection of $75,000. A mortgage of erty and advances made for the balance. The by subsequent .subscrip- was carried along by the 1881, when, bv a general inadequate owing to the Church, and a permanent to be an absolute and im- early in the year 1870 a raise the requisite funds and the erection of a foin- persons subscribed of over$07each. Allgave their means, and some mite to carry forward this large building site was of Plymouth and Fuller- stone of the church was lS72.1)y the Pastor, Rev. an address was delivered of Orange ^' alley. Even- tlie Presbyterian Church, byRev.^VilliamM.Tay- City. On the 15th of was dedicated with appro- original cost of the land the Church was about $25,000 where the prop- by the trustees provided debt, somewhat reduced tions from time to time, trustees until J anuary, consent of the congrega- INTERIOR OF FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHLRCH. JUNE STII, 1 890. tion, it was resolved to raise by subscription a sufficient sum to pay off the debt and procure an organ. This movement was made on Sunday, the 15th of February, 1881, under the direction of Mr. Roswell Smith, of Xew York City. The total amount required — $35,000 — was subscribed on that day, payable within a period of three years. The number of persons .subscribing, was 111, many of whom were chil- dren paying small amounts. The largest sura subscribed was $3,200, the smallest sum being $1.50. The organ, so long desired by the congregation, was purchased in April, 1882, which, together with the cost of erection, involved an outlay of $6,000. other changes and improvements made in the Church at the time increasing the amount to $10,000. The growth of the Churcli has been phenomenal, far exceeding that of most suburban churches. Beginning, as has been shown, with a membership of 84- in 1870, the total number admitted up to January 1, 1S'.»3, was 1,002. Of this number at least 50 per cent, was by profession of faith. During the entire period of nearly twenty -three years only one member has been expelled. The loss by death and dismissal — 230 — leaving the total member-shi^j on the 1st of January. 1893 — 772. History ok Montci.air Township. sT Soou after the celebration of its Twentietli Anniversary, steps were taken fur tlie enlargenient of the church edifice and erection of a chapel whicii shuuld be snitable for the purposes of the Sunday school. It was decided that the audience room should l)e enlai'ired by the addition of transepts, which would make its seating capacity twelve hundred. I'nder the direction of J. C. C'ady A: Co., ai-chitects. of New York City, work was begun. At the same time Mrs. Samuel Wilde, one of the original mem- bers of the church, generously consented to undertake the erection of a Memorial ('hai)el, which should be devoted to the purposes of the Sunday school. Before that Mrs. Edward Sweet had undertaken the building of one of the transepts, in which she has since placed a beautiful window in memory of her hus- band. A memorial window of beautiful design was also placed in the north transept by Mrs. Roswell Smith, in memory of her two grandchildren, sons of Mr. George Inness, Jr., and Jlrs. Julia G. Inness, members of the churcli. In about one year the improvements were completed, and the church pro])erty as it now stands represents an expenditure of about iS17o,(i(iO. The Memorial Chapel will comfortably seat one thousand ])eople, and i.s admirably ada])ted for its purposes. In IS'J2 the Pilgrim Mission Chai)el wa.s erected on Uloomtield Avcnui.-. It is a beautiful liuildiiig, perfectly equipped for its work, seating about four hundred people, and valued, including the land, at about $10,01 »0. The land was the gift of Mr. James Hwich. of iiloomtield. The Superintendent of the Mission is Mr. Louis lleckman, who was formerly a mechanic in the village, l)ut who on his conversi(jn began an active Christian life, which has been singularly ble.ssed. In 1S93 the old Mission building was moved from Washington Street to the northwestern part of tlie town, antriimtntal in the erection of the church of which he is ]iastor. It is deejjly interested and constantly liearing a large proportion of the tinancial burden of the Peo])le"s Palace work in Jersey City, which is its base of opera- tions in City Missions. Poth in the home church and in the Pilgrim Chapel are various organizations — Christian f^ndeavor Societies. clivs.se.s, etc.. by which the work is carried on. An interesting fact is that the Pastor preached for the church the very first Sunday after its organ- ization ; that no other candidate was heard, and he has been with it from that time until the present. There ap])eared in the Chrixtian Uniim under date of Decemlier 12, 1S91, an article entitled " Progressive Methods of Church Work," by Mr. John R. Howard, de.-icribing the methods, and giving an excellent summary of the work accomplished by this church during the twenty-one years of its existence up to that period. After a brief description of the then recent improvements, he says : •' This, however, is indicative only of the material ])ros|ierity of the Eirst Congregational Churcli of Montclair, X. J.; and that, in so lovely a town, so near the metropolis, and growing so rapidly as it is, would not be especially noteworthy but for the fact that the church has always been particularly active, aggressive for good both at home and abroad. "Of cour.se this kind of activity — which shows itself also along the lines of good citizenship and all things valuable in the life of the town, in which the members of the Congregational (luirrliareeverywliere forward and valued elements — presu|)poses a gathered .*ocietv of vigorous-minded, intelligent, cultivated, devoted meti and women. The original memliership (many yet living and active in the church i comprised an unusually large proportion of such, and Dr. Bradford has been greatly favoix-d by that fact. Yet aLso, of course, much has dejiended on the man at the head of it all — the way in which it would hold or lose his people, and the kind of new comers that he would naturally gather about him. He has been tempted many times to go to larger places and ampler salaries — Albany, Boston, ^iew York — and other oj^en fields have again and again solicited him ; but he has had the wisdoiri and the grace to stay where he was, and bring up his own family in his own way. He has grown, and his people with him, in their twenty-one years together. Ilis preaching is eminently practical, simple, emphasizing rather this life's duties than the S8 History of Moxtci.air TowNsnir. other life's possiliilities ; making much of what all Christians believe, and paving little or no attention to the infinite (and valueless) points of difference. While ethical on the one hand and inspiring on the other, it has been largely educational. AVitliin a few jears past Dr. Bradford has preached, in course, through the Life of Jesus ; First Corinthians ; the Epistles of John ; Hebrews ; and he is now on the Acts. Sunday evcTiing services (largely attended I ly people outside his own regular congregation) have given courses on Books of the Bible ; biograjiliical lectures on Great Heroes of Christianity ; notable classes of Literature (fiction, poetry, history, etc.) ; Marked Movements in religion, philosophy, social interests, labor and capital — in short, a constant application of Christian thought to daily life. "The (piestion of making Sunday evening services attractive haslieen solved by hard work on subjects al)out which people are anxious to hear, and the audiences are nearly always as large as the morning congregation — sometimes larger. This winter, once a month, the ])eople will hear some outsider of note and worth. Sunday evening of last week it was Mrs. Booth-Clibborne, and the thousand dollai's raised then and there on her appeal for her work in France shows the i-esponsive temper of the gathering. Mrs. Ballington-Booth, Dr. Charles A. Briggs, and Professor M. R. Vincent are others who are already engaged to come during the winter. Either by exchange or otherwise Dr. Bradford's people hear the best speakers in all departments of Christian life and labor. Not long since, a periodical course of sermons on Christian Evidences embraced such preachers as Professor Tucker, of Audover, Charles S. Robinson. Lyman Abbott. Charles F. Deems, Richard S. Storrs, Dr. Behrends, Ecob, of Albany, and others. Thus Dr. Bradford keeps both his chui-ch and him.self av\-ake to the best thought of the day ; yet care is taken that the thought shall not end in mere entertainment or intellectual self-satisfaction, but issue in works, for God and man. A little volume of Dr. Bradford's discourses, including several on the work of the Holy Spirit, and others on fundamental 2>i"iiiciples of Christian thiidving and doing, was issued a year or so ago, entitled ' Spirit and Life,' which took high rank not only, but finds and helps many readers M'ith its simple and eloquent directness. During this winter he is giving lectures on Congregationalism at Audover. '' There is nothing unique about this ]Montclair church. It offers no startling innovations or ingenious mechanisms and methods; except that. l)eing neither a city nor a country church, but suburban, ir must hud a conunon ground of interest and activity for a very promiscuous gathering of people, both metro- politan and rural. And, as a genviine Christian church, doing excellent Christian work, it is on the right road, because it follows the simple ways of the Master. It teaches the way of this life as He did ; in study of the Scriptures for moral and spiritual guidance it ' brings forth things both new and old ' ; and, with a cheerful vigor, 'goes about doing good.' "Its theology. Fatherhood ; its polity, Brotherhood : revealed and exemplified in Jesus Christ. " The society was formed in January. 1870, and was in May organized as a church, with eighty -four members, and formally established in the Congregational fellowship by council on the 8tli of June. The 2Sth of the same month Mr. Bradford, then a new graduate from Andover, aged twenty-three, was called, and on the 28th of September installed as the first pastor of the church — and for over twenty-one years he has been their only one. In 1872 their stone building was erected, then far too larije for then- needs; but now the increased niend:)ership (about seven hundred) and the steadily growing congregations have compelled the new enlargement. The need for it is proven l)y the fact that in the ser^nces the church is as well fiUod as before the extension. " It is a church of families — a true suburban church. It emlu-aces many professional men, but New York toilers of all kinds are among its attendants, and numerous resident workers, tradesmen, mechanics and townsfolk of Montclair itself, and people from the country near by. It is a capital sample segment of the 'social loaf.' " It is a church where the young people receive much attention, and well repay it. Most who unite with the church on confe.ssion of faith do so by way of the pastor's class, which supplements at that critical time the foregoing work of the Sunday school and Bible classes. The little catechism and leaflet of suggestions prepared by Dr. Bradford for this class has been jjublisbed by tlie Congregational History of >rnxTri.AiR Towxship. 89 Publishing Society in Boston, for \rider usefulness. The young people are interested in missions, in their Society of Christian Enrleavor, and in the work of the church generally. " It is a missionary ciiureh. It has put forth one colony (not as a mission, hut an outgrowth") in Fpper Montelair. It has in one of the neediest portions of Montclair a mission chapel, winch provides a Sunday school, regular preaching services Sunday evenings, and meetings during the week for Christian reformatory and social work. Dr. Bradford's helper, now in charge of it, 'Mi: I.ouis Heckman, trhullv proclaims himself a rescued one, and is devoting his whole time, tireless energy, and special aptitude to the mission. This includes, hy the way, weekly services at the Mountain-side Hospital and at the Penitentiary in Caldwell — from which latter place discharged convicts come in considerable numbers, and stop at the ' Wasiiington Street Mis.>ion ' to tind their friend Heckman and get through liim. from Montelair people, some material aid in clothes, money, and sometimes work, as a beginning toward a new and better life. Another similar mission is under way for another part of the town. The T-adies' Missionarv vSocieties (three of them) are in constant activity for the home and foreign tield.<, and the annual monev contributions for missionary ])urposes are about $10,000. Two of the church mend)ers — the IJev. J. I). ICaton and his wife, the latter a daughter of the church — are missionaries in ifexico. and three of the young men of the church are at present ])reparing for the ministry. Dr. 15radford, about a year ago. delivered an address on 'The Duties of the Snburl)s to the Cities," and this has been circulated in thou- sands by Dr. Scudder's Jersey City Tabernacle Church, while the Montelair Clinrch. more than anv other, has been behind the noble effort of the Tabernacle to reach the neglected portions of its great citv. The enthusiasm for such labors of love ])ermeate> Bradford's own jjeojile, and several of the vouuir ladies of the church have engaged in the New York Rivington Street and other City Mission work. In fact, thr ideal aimed at seems to l)e that of a large central church for the main source of intluciice and inspiration, with siicli other focal points of practical altruistic Christian labor as may develo|) uniler the demand of need." Of tho.se who have .served as deacons since the organization of the church are Samuel Holmes, Joseph B. Beadle, James P.. Pearson. David B. Hunt. Samuel D. Crosby, .Mexander M. Clerihew, Franklin W. Dorman, Cornelius .\. Marwiii. Frederick D. Somers. .loseph \'an Vleek. William P>. Holmes. Charles H. Johnson. Those who have served as trustees are Samuel Holmes. Josejjh P.. Beadle. Sanuiel Wilde. Charles H. Johnson. Edward Sweet, Julius 11. Pratt. Xathan T. Porter, Dorman T. Warren, Henry A. Dike, Joseph Van Vleck, J. Ilewey Ames, George H. Mills, Robert M. Boyd. Jasper R. Rand, Ogden Brower. Tmk SiNKAv School. The Sunday school was the natural outgrowth of the Church, and was organized, under the most favor- able auspices, on the second Sunday of June, l.sTd, with 72 scholars and IS teachers, ifr. Charles H. John- son was chosen its first Su])erintendent. and continued to discharge the duties of that ofhce with commend- able zeal, earnestness and devotion for eighteen years, resigning in December, 18S8. He was ably supjiorted by a corps of otficers and teachers, fidly equipped by pre\nous experience for the work. Mrs Edward Sweet, a lady of great executive ability, was made Assistant Superintendent. She proved a valuable aid to him in his work, and won the hearts of all by her kindness and atfahility. >Vfter four years of earnest and patient labor, she was compelled to resign the position in conse(juence of failing health. She was followed by Mrs. Samuel Wilde, who for nearly twenty years has been uni'emitting in her efforts to increase the efficiency of the school, and has shown by hei- acts of love and kindness to the children, and her sympathy ami encouragement to the teachers, her fidelity and devotion to the Master's cause. Mr. J. H. Bouden, who was elected the first Secretary and Treasurer, continued to discharge the duties of that position in amost admiral)le and efticient manner for many years. Without a murmur orcomplaint he has met the increa.sed responsibilities devolving upon him, and in his intercourse with his fellow laborers in the school has displayed that evenness of temper, that tact and wisdom, so essential to harmony and good feeling among officei-s and teachers. Few suburban schools have been favored by a more efficient, capable and well-trained coips of teachers. Fully appreciating the importance of the work, and their personal 90 History of Moxtci.atr Towxsiiir. responsibility, tliey have labored with a singleness of purpose to lead those committed to their charge to "a knowledge of the truth as it is in Jesns," and the result of tlieir labors is shown in the large additions to the church by profession of faith. One important feature in the management of tliis school has been its ability to hold the scholars as they have advanced to years of maturity, and the al)ie manner in which its adnlt Bible-class has been con- diicteeen trained to habits of self-denial and systematic giving of tliat which was their own, and have been constantly familiarized with special objects of charity and benevolence, and the work connected with such prominent institutions as the Chihlren's Aid Society, the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and others of this character. The gifts of the children have been invariably de\oted to charitable purposes, and in no case to assist in defraying the expenses of tlie school. The musical training of this school is wortliy of special notice. This part of the service was for fourteen years conducted l)y Dr. C. A. Marvin, a higldy accomplished teacher and musical composer. Some of his most beautiful compositions were designed especially for the use of this school It has l)een observed by visitors who were disposed to be critical that the singing was above the average, and evinced excellent training and culture. The music of the school is now in chai'ge of Mi-. John B. Pratt. In his address given at the 20th aniuversary of the school Mr. Johnson alludes in a most touching manner to some of the faithful ones who were with them at the beginning, but who had since joined the heavenly throng above. Among these was Mrs. Julius II. Pratt, "whose memory still rests upon our school like a benediction." He refers to Mr. J. II. Beadle and Mr. Samuel Wilde, who were teachers at the beginning, faithful and steadfast, with the highest and best motives prompting all their efforts, and whose royal gifts of over $5,000 each, made possible this splendid building we now occupy, have joined the innumeral)le throng above. Mr. Johnson alludes to the faithfxd co-operation of Dr. Bradford, the pastor, in the work of the school, in the following terms : " One thing that has cheered and encouraged the hearts of officers and teachers through all these years has been the hearty co-operation of the pastor; he has indeed been the pastor not only of the church, but the school. The sessions have been few indeed, except by reason of illness or absence that he has not been present, to advise, counsel and encourage the teachers hi their work." Referring to Mrs. Wilde, who was about to resign her connection with the school, he says : "The brightness and joy of the present hour is dimmed by the thought that Mrs. Samuel Wilde, who commenced as a teacher in the school at its very first session, and who has held an official position for sixteen years, fourteen of which she was assistant superintendent, now feels it necessary to relinquish the position she has so ably tilled all these years." In December, 1888, Mr. Charles H. Johnson, who had so faithfully discharged the duties of Super- intendent since the organization of the school, tendered his resignation, much to the regret of his fellow laborers in the work. The school under his supervision had increased from 72 pupils and 18 teachers to 350 pupils and 45 teachers. More than 200 had been added to tlie church from tlie school during his administration, and a few had joined the church triumphant. History of Monici.aik Townsiiip. 91 He was succeeded l)_v Mr. D. U. Eslibaiigh. who tilled the position with honor and credit fur three years. Referring to his election Jfr. Johuson says: '"The wisdom of that selection has heen manifest from the beginning of his ottice. and I can hoar witness to the fidelity and sonnd jndgnient with which he has tilled a position to which he brought little previous exiierienci'. and 1 believe I voice the opinion of teachers and scliolars in e.xpressing profound and sincere regret that he feels it incumbent upon him to relinquish the office at this time." Mr. Eshbaugh proved himself a model superuitendent, jjossessing by nature and experience all the requi.site [eyei-s, who occupied the ])osition one year. The present otticers of the school are: Superintendent, Mr. ('. S. Olcott; Assistant Superintendent, Professor .John F. Woodhull ; Secretary. Mrs. Samuel Wilde ; Treasurer, Mr. W. L. .Johnson; Librarians, Mr. Walter Lloyd and ifr. W. Skidmore. The present uund)er of teachers is 32, the number of scholars, 210. Number in Young Men's I'iblo Class, 2.i. Prinuiry I)('iiarfinont : Mrs. A. ('. Komcr. Superintendent ; numl>er of otticers. 3; teacher*. 14; .scholars. 12, the corner-stone of the new church edifice was laid by the Pastor. Rev. Amory >«'. Bradford, and an address . 93 Dr. Bradford has made several tri]>s al)ruad, both for study and for recreation. He studied si.x months at Oxford, and was the first American ever invited to preach a baccalaureate sermon at that institution. In July, 1891, he was sent as a delegate to represent the Congregationalists of New Jersey in the great International Council of Congregationalists held in London at that time. No American preacher ever received greater honors than was accorded him during his stay. He took a leading part in ail the discussions of the Council, and at all times was listenele on both sides of the Atlantic in their expressions concerning I )r. Bradford as a man and as a preacher. If, as has been said, a foreign verdict is like a verdict of posterity in its impartiality, some extracts from these foreign journals will be in point, ll^e Leicexter Z>a27y Poj<^ referring to his sermon preached before the Clarendon Park Congregational Church, said: "The mere fact that this distinguished visitor was one of the few who had been chosen to represent the Congregationalism of the Rejiultlic at the International Conference in London, alone s|)eaks volumes to PARSONAGE OF FIRiT CONGRKOATIONAL CI1LRCH. the eminent rank he had gained among the Independents of America. Had there, however, been the slightest doubt as to his title to the enviable reputation he has gained among the religious preachers and teachers of the Xew World, it must have been swept away by his discourses yesterday. * * * * Hardly had he passed beyond the opening sentences of his morning sermon than it became clear that he was master in his own field of service — a j)ul)lie teacher of the first rank. In one or two respects Dr, Bradford fills a place in the sphere of pulpit oratory which is distinctively his own. Not only has hu strongly marked views on some of the pressing problems of his time, and all the courage of his advanced con- victions, but he has at least three of the essentials of success. He has grasp of thought which enables him to graple with the most difficult subject with no ordinary skill. He has a power of expression wliich crystallizes his ideas into the most incisive and xngorous phrase. And lie has a delivery which, while not of the highest order, is still most effective, sustaining the lively interest of the hearer by, among other things, an occasional sudden transition from a tone that rings through the church to one that is almost inaudible in its mingled softness and depth. .Vfter all his paramount title to fame is necessarily not so 9-t History ok Montci.atr Township. much liis manner as liis matter — not so much the words that arouse and 'burn' as the 'thouiilits tliat breathe.' Our American visitor Ti\ndly recognizes that lie lias a mission to fulfil which is higher and broader than the boundaries of any single creed — a Christianity to teach and jireacli which overleaps even the nobler selfishness of patriotism, and has as its essence that spirit wbicii compelled the famous preacher to be content with nothing less than the 'whole world" as his 'parish." Another paper referring to " a very remarkable and stirring sermon preached \>\ Dr. Bradford at Mans- field Chapel " says : " lie is rich in illustration, cultured in diction, vigorous in thought, and delivered with impassioned yet dignified eloquence. These sermons stamp the preacher as one of the very strongest of our living preachers.'' Rev. Joseph Parker, D.D., the " London Beecher,'' in his criticism of the men who took ])art in the Council, says of Dr. Bradford : " lie is broad in mind, generous in impulse, eloquent in expression — a harmou}' of the progressive aspects of evangelical truth." The Jfi/iic/ieste)' (hianlian says: " Dr. Bradford is a tower of strength to Xew England Congre- gationalism. A keen student of Congregational history and polity, his eminence in this department is attested by the fact that he is appointed lecturer for three years at Andover on Congregationnlism." (He beffan the coiir.se in 1S!)2 with '• Eneli.di Cono-reffationalism."") Another writer says: " He is just a trifle theatrical in his style of oratory, but he has to perfection that vigorous gift of driving a point straight home that Mr. Spurgeon"s niamier illustrates so forcibly. He has a storehouse of anecdote, and has a story to fit every moral that he wants to emphasize. His cultered, refined face will not soon be forgotten by those who had the privilege of listening to him. He is a clear thinker — progressive, reverent, constructive, full of tact, sincerity and spiritual simiilicity." Dr. Bradford's uuselfish devotion to his own church and to the Master's cause, and his refusal to entertain the numerous "calls" extended to him ')y leading churches throughout the country, is thus referred to by a writer in one of the English journals : " His reputation in the United States is not con- fined to his own body. He is a powerful and impressive preacher, and it is through his own desire, strengthened by the affection of an attached congregation, that he remains in a place so little known as Montclair, and not in one of the large centres of population. Several tempting calls have been made to him to settle in one or another of the large cities of the Union. He frequently, in Mr. Beecher's time, occupied the pulpit in the famous Plymouth Church, Brooklyn. About twenty years ago, not long after he began his ministerial career, he, for the sake of his health, exchanged work for six months with a brother pastor stationed on the Pacific Coast. Here Dr. Bradford was so much liked that every effort was made to induce him to stay, and when he answered that tiiis was impossible, as the East had greater claims ujion him than the West, he was entreated to accept a testimonial. He agreed to this provided he could choose the gift. When told he could have anything he liked, his request was that the church in which he had l)een laboring temporarily should be cleared from all trace of debt. It was a goodly sum that had to be raised, but it was fully subscribed. The act was characteristic of Dr. Bradford." The utterances of Dr. Bradford, in his discussion of the great questions which are agitating the world, were extensively quoted and freely commented u|)on by the English press. T/ie Lvndon Indepetulnt of July 10, 1891, said : " Kev. Dr. Bradford, whose course through our principal [nilpits par- takes somewhat of the nature of a triumphal progress, Avas last Saturday in Leicester, conducting the anniversary services of Clarendon- Park Chapel. He preached in the morning from tiie text 'The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand.' and delivered a wonderful oration on the nature and prospect of the Divine Kingdom. He said no phr-ase ever more exactly defined the ideal to which the Master opened tlie way than the words ' The nalization of righteousness in the life of humanity." How can wealth and poverty both be filled with the spirit of Christ so that they shall minister one to another? How can the islands and continents be filled with the good news of the Father (Tod and the Saviour Son of God? Silently the Kingdom of Heaven is extending. Its limits are bounded neither by race lines nor continental frontiers. It is a kingdom of spirit in which the individual realizes his privilege in the eifacement of himself and in grateful devotion to the service of God in tiiat humanity for which Christ History of >[ontci,.\ir TnwNsiiir. 95 died ; a Kingdom before wliicli the walls separating nations are falling, the selfishness of patriotism is disappearing, and poverty, vice and sectarian rivalrv yielding to the magnetism of love.*' Referring to the sermon preached by Dr. Bradford, at New "Weigh House, London, the Chrhtian Worltl said, " Dr. Bradford believes in organism rather than mechanism. He refuses to acknowledge that the men of two centuries ago were more under divine guidance than the men of to day. He holds that where the supremacy fif the spirit is recognized, men will not be asked if they acce]it systems of doctrine written liy the dead, but whether they have open minds, living hearts, humble wills, ready to be taught and led by God to-day. He predicts the federation of churches, the cessation of denominational rivalries, ami the realization of a universal brotherhood in its fullest expression as what we are moving towards. These are brave words." During his stay in England, Dr. Bradford visited the village of Austei-tield — the birtliplace and resi- dence of his American ancestor. Governor AViiJiam Bradford- wliich is only two or three miles from Scrooby, where John Bradford became a convert from listening to the preaching of Clyfton, a leading pa.stor of the Scrooby congregation. He found the church at Austertield '"not in a good state of repair, though its Norman doorway is worthy of a visit." There is an ancient font, probably the one in which Hradford was l)aptized March 11', 15S'.>. Dr. Bradforulpit or his magnificent church at Montclair in assuming these new duties. The Iiiilrjh ml, lit. i^>i London, in referring to his connection with the I'liristian C"?;?'o?;, says, " The appointment of Dr. Hradford to be collaborateur with Dr. Lyman Abbott is sure to gratify our readers, and may draw the attention of some to tlie Christian Union who do not know liow admirable an organ and leader of religious thouradford on a previous occasion were anxious to hear him again. Dr. Bradford met with a hearty reception and su]i|>lied the ]»ul|)it for some weeks, and before leaviiig received a unanimous call from the Church. On his return home, when it became known tliat he had received a call from Westminster Chapel, London, his own cona;reradford became interested in his work, and tiirough his aid he was ena- bled to secure a building on Wasiiington Street, J)r. iiradford becoming personally responsil>le for the rent. The ^Methodists and otlier denominations assi.sted in furnishing the room suitable for lioldinc meetings. Mr. Ileckman made slow progress at first, but after one or f'.vf) conversions, others came out of curiosity. The meetings at first were helil oidy on Thursday evenings, but as the attendance and interest increased, .services were lield on Sunday evenings, and it soon l)ecame nece.s.sary to Imild on an addition. Tliis was done through individual subscriptions raised by Mr. Fleckmaii. Witli the incicascd facilities he oi)ened, in 1>•V^1, a Sunday .school, lieginning with li:! children and 4 teachers. (Jtlier C'hiistian workers became interested in the movement, and Mr. -lames G. Beach, of Bloomfield, presented the Mi.ssion with a lot of ground on Bloomtield Avenue, and Mr. Ileckman's clforts to raise money to erect a Chapel met witli a generous response from liberal and enterprising citizens, .Mr. W. W. Egbert donating $1,000 and Mr. Stephen Carey $5(X>; others gave various sums, ranging from §200 down to .$5, the sum total amounting to S'^,*""'- A building was erected 32 .x *'A feet, with a seating capacity of ."»00. All the furniture, coiisisting of 400 chairs and a tine Brussels carpet, were donated by Mrs. George Innis. A fine organ was presented by the Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor connecti d with the Congregational (iiurcli, and a §400 ]>iano was given by the King's Daughters, a nol>le baml of young ladies worthv of the name tliev bear. The Sunday school connected with this Mission is now in a flourishing condition with nearly 200 scholars, 5 oflicers, and 14 teachers. Mr. Ileckman is still tilling the position of Sui)eriiitendent. Auxiliary .societies have been organized, which have done etfeetive work. Among these are the Christian Endeavor Society, the Yoke Fellows Band and the King's Sons. Of the latter society all are j'oung converts of this Mission. Mr. Ileckman, who founded this Mission with tiie assistance of l>r. liradford, is a native of Montclair, of humble parentage, and his educational advantages were very limited. Since he began his evangelistic labors, however, he has been a close student, and though still a layman, has done most of the pastoral work connected with the Mission, lie has received great a.ssistauce in his work from Dr. Bradford, who gave him the use of his library, and became his steadfast friend and supporter in his nnssion work. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. With the rapid increa,se of population there has doubtless been for many years past a sufficient number of Baptists to have organized a church, had the attempt been made. It was not, however, until the autumn of 1885 that .systematic efforts were begun in this direction. At that time a few enterpris- flS History of Montclair Township. ing Baptists met together, and after a free discussion of the matter, decided to have a thorough canvas made of the townsliip for the purpose of ascertaining tlie number of resident Baptists. Accordingly Rev. Henry Bromley, an aged Baptist of large experience in mission work, a resident of Brooklyn^ N. Y., was employed for this purpose. As the result of his efforts he found 58 members of Baptist churches and a nnnd)cr of others who were in sympathy with the movement and gave assurance of their co-operation. On Nov. 6, 1885, during the progress of these ert'orts, a neighborhood prayer meeting was held at which there were present thirteen. A second meeting was held Friday evening, Novembei' ]?>, at which there were present 10 young people and 30 adults, Rev. Henry Brondey of Brooklyn, N. Y., and Rev. E. D. Simonds, then pastor of the Bloomfield Baptist Church. It was decided to begin operations at once, and to organize a Sunday school, to be followed by preaching service, and to hold a prayer 1 IKSl EAI'TISI CHrRCH. meeting every Friday evening. Rev. E. D. Simonds agreed to supply the preaching service for a period of three months. The Sunday school was duly organized, Irving Cairns being elected Superintendent and Wm. H. Ketchum, Secretary, and Sunday school and preaching services were held regularly at Montclair Hall until Jan. 6, 1886, when steps were taken to eft'ect a permanent organization by the election of Rev. E. U. Simonds as Chairman, and Irving Cairns as Clerk. A committee, consisting of Geo. P. Farmer, E. P. Benedict and Irving Cairns, who had previously been appointed to obtain a list of such persons as were willing to unite in the organization of a church, reported that they had secured a list of thirty-eight names by letters from other churches, and live by experience — a total of forty-three, — and recommended the adoption of the following resolution: " Believing it to be the will of God, as taught in His word, and indicated in His providence, and History of Moxtci.air Township. 99 trusting in His divine guidance, blessing and i>resence, we, and all whose letters and names have heen placed in the hands of the clerk of this meeting, do hereby form ourselves into a regular Baptist Church by the adoption of the New Hampshire Confession of Faith and Church Covenant." -— Edwin P. Benedict, First Baptist Church, Hackensack, N. J. C. Wesley Jacobus, First Baptist Church, Newark, N. J. Mrs. Louise M. Benedict, First Baptist Church, Hacken- Louis A. Koehler, First Baptist Church, Newark, N. J. sack, X.J. Mrs. Cornelia Koehler, First Baptist Church, Newark, N. J. Alonzo Crawford, First Baptist Church, Hackensack, N.J. William H. Ketchum, North Orange Baptist Church. Mrs. Harriet A. Crawford, First Baptist Church, Hacken- Mrs. Louisa P. Kinnan, Schooley's Mountain Baptist Church. sack, N. J. Miss Julia A. Phelps, Baptist Church of the Epiphany, Irving Cairns, North Baptist Church. Jersey City, N, Y. City. Mrs. Ella V. Cairns, North Baptist Church, Jersey City. Mrs. Mary F. Muir, Park Baptist Church, Port Richmond, William Cairns, North Baptist Church, Jersey City. S. I. Mrs. Marj- A. Cairns, North Baptist Church. Jersey City. William A. May, First Baptist Church, Newark, N. J. Thos. V. Carpenter, First Baptist Church, Newark, X. J. W. H. A. Maynard, Herkimer Street Baptist Church, Brook- Mrs. M. E. Carpenter, First Baptist Church, Newark, N.J. lyn, N. Y. Franklin N. Class, Central Baptist Church, X. Y. City. Chas. S. Salmon, Baptist Church, Schooley's Mountain, N. J. Mrs. Mar>- E. Class, Central Baptist Church, X. Y. City. W. H. Smith, Strong Place Baptist Church, Brooklyn, X. Y. Mrs. E. Crossman, First Baptist Church, Xewark. X. J. Mrs. Adelia G.Taylor, First Baptist Church, Bloomfield, X.J. Otis Corbit, Baptist Church of the Epiphany. X. Y. City. Amy T. Weaver, First Baptist Church, Bloomfield, X. J. Mrs. Amelia P. Corbit. Baptist Church of the Epiphany, Theodore C. Van Arsdale, First Baptist Church, Bloom- X. Y. City. ' field. X. J. G. M. DeWitt, Baptist Church of Port Jervis. X. Y. Mrs. Louisa C. Van Arsdale, First Baptist Church. Bloom- Miss Helen M. Dodge. First Baptist Church of X. Y. field, N. J. Mrs. Minnie Dudgeon. Park Baptist Church. Port Rich- Miss May Van Arsdale, First Baptist Church, Bloomfield. mond, S. 1. X. J. Geo. P. Farmer, First Baptist Church of BlcM)mfield, X. J. Miss Jane E. Dodge, by experience. Mrs. H. E. Farmer, First Baptist Church of Bl(M)mfield, X. J. Mrs. Mary M. Taylor, by experience. Miss Annie E. Farmer. First Baptist Church of Bloom- Mrs. Dora T. Munn, by experience. field, X'. J. Miss Sarah A. Hooe, by experience. Mrs. Mary A. Hoyt, Strong Place Baptist Church, Brook- Mrs. Margaret Tyson, by experience. lyn, X. Y. Tlie report of the Committee was adopted, and the name of tJie organization decided upon was the " Montclair Baptist Church." The name was changed, August 20, 1890, to " Tiie First Baptist Church. Montclair, \. J." Geo. P. Farmer was elected Deacon for three years, Thomas V. Carpenter two years, and E. P. Benedict one year. William A. May wa.s elected Church Clerk, and E. P. Benedict, Treasurer. A Board of Trustees was organized January "22, LSSt;, consisting of Alonzo Crawford and E. P. Benedict, who were elected for three years ; Franklin N. Class and Irving Cairns for two years, and William H. Ketchum for one year. The first covenant meeting of the Church was held March 12, 1886, and the first coninninion .service Sunday, March 1-1, ISSrt. The first letter to tlie North New Jersey l>ai)tist Association wiis written under date of June tl, 1886, to the Association in session at Schooley's Mountain, at which time the Church was recognized and admitted a member of the Association. The first regular installed pastor of the Church was Rev. Geo. F. Warren, formerly of the Fair- mount Church, Newark, N. .1. His pastorate began on January 18, 1887, and continued for two years, lie was succeeded by the Rev. William N. Ilubbell, who began his labors June 1, l.s9n, and was ordained at a council assembled at Montclair, June IG, ISIK). on the call of the Montclair Baptist Church, con- sisting of 89 members, representing 35 churches. The ordination services took place on the evening of June 16, at the Trinity Presbyterian Church of Mimtclair. Mr. Uubbell has labored faithfully and .systematically to build up the Church, and his labors have been eminently successful. A total of 2.57 were added to the Church up to Jaimary 1, 1894. Of this nuinlier 75 were received by bapti.sm and 167 by letter, and 15 on experience. The total number of deaths up to this period were 14. Only 3 names have been dropped from the Church roll. Erasure, 8. Dismissed by letter 38. Present membership, 194. 100 History of Montclair Township. A number of auxiliary societies liave been organized wliieli liave aceomplislied niucli good in their way. A Woman's Foreign Mission Society, a Woman's Home Mission Circle, a Ladies' Guild, of which Mrs. F. M. Sonic is President ; Young People's Society, Wm. H. Farmer, President. A Mission Band organized in 1SS7, is now known as the Willing Workers. On June 10, 1890, a series of weekly services in the Swedish tongue was begun under the direction of the Eev. A. F. Bargendahl, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Great good has been accomplished by these efforts, and a class of people have been brought together and instructed in their own tongue that it would have been difficult to reach in any other manner. In April, 1S92, this was recognized as the Baptist Swedish Mission of Montclair, and on Tuesday evening of each week services are held in the Swedish tongue by Rev. Olaf Heddeen, of Brooklyn. On April 6, 1887, plans for church work were adopted, and committees appointed for that purpose. A systematic plan for collections for benevolent purposes was also adopted as follows : For the Missionai-y Union, for the Home Mission Society, for Children's Home and Mountain- side Hosj^ital of Montclair, for the ^Ministers" and AVidows' Fund, for the Educational Society, for the New Jersey Baptist State Convention, at stated periods each year. In May, 1S88, a legacy of $200 was received from the estate of Mrs. Amy T. Weaver, which formed the nucleus of a buikling fund. Additional amounts were received from time to time through the members, and in October, 188'.i, a lot (SO X 145 feet) was purchased on Fullerton Avenue, near Bloom- tield Avenue. By the latter part of July, 1890, the total sum of S^ 13,020.43 had been subscribed by 135 persons, and soon after plans were adopted for the erection of a chapel, which shoiild include rooms for a ladies' parlor, library, etc. Mr. Irving Cairns, the first and only President of the Board of Trustees, E. P. Benedict, Frank H. Tooker and Geo. P. Foamier, were constituted a Building Committee, and Joseph Ireland, an architect, of New York City, was employed to draft the plans. The building was completed and ready for occupancy, and the iirst services were held March 1, 1891. The total cost of the present building and grounds is about $25,000 ; the estimated cost of completing it, according to plans, is $60,000. PeV. WlLLIiVil N. HuBBELr.. The pastorate of Rev. William N. Ilubbell has been successful from the beginning, and under his ministry the Baptist Church has increased in numbers and intluence, and has done its share of the work in the community. As an organizer, Mr. Hubbell has displayed great ability, anil has shown himself thoroughly (pialitied for this, his first undertaking in church work. Mr. Hubbell hails from the great AVest, although he is of Puritan stock, both on the paternal and maternal sides. He was born in Keokuk, Iowa, June 8, 1862, and is the son of a successful banker. On the paternal side he is descended from Richard Ilubbell, who settled at Pecjuannock. Conn., about 1047. His direct line is through Saumel, son of Richard, and Nathan. Gersham and xVbijah. The latter lived at Ballston. N. Y., and was a soldier in the War of the Revolution. He had a son. Hiram, who was the father of Charles Hubbell. The latter married Anna M. Sage, of Rochester, N. Y.. a descendant of David Sage, of Middletown, Conn., 1652, through John (1), John (2), Giles aiul Oren. Deacon Oren Sage, the maternal grandfather of Rev. AVilliam N. Hubbell, moved from Ballston Springs to Rochester, where he acquired wealth in the numufacture of boots and shoes. He was a man of great benevolence, and it was partly through his efforts that the University of Rochester was established, he being a large contributor to that institution, of brains and money. AVilliam N. Ilubbell is the son of Charles and Anna (Sage) Ilubbell. When he was nine years of age, he went with his parents to San Diego. Cal.. where he received his preparatory education. He was graduated at the University of Rochester in 1885. He afterward studied law for a time in Minneapolis, Minn., and then took up the study of theology, graduating at Crozer Theological Seminary, Chester, Pa., in 1889. He took a post-graduate course at the same institution, completing his studies in 1890. He was called to the First Baptist Church of Aloutclair in June of the same year, and was regularly ordained on June ItUh fullnwing. & History of Montci.air Townsiiii'. in] Mr. llubbellV call was made prior to June. He was settleil as pastor on June 1, 1S90. lie married, December 31, 1SI»1, iliss Katharine D. Price, danjjiiter of Capt. Joseph D. Price, wlio served with distinction in tJie Civil War under Slieridan. ilr. Ilul)bell is a close student and a iiard wi>rl, 1885, it was ize a Snnday school vices following. At t'airns was elected Su- Win. H. Kctchum, been a steady increa.se est, and the growth of pare favorably with illations con.^idering has been established, and teachers at the in the ^lain School, iiient, 4n. Ojficerx. — ing ( 'aims; Secretai'y. Treasurer. Helen ^I. eiit of Primary De- 1\ iniiiall. M-]ii)()l from the be- untiring efforts of Superintendent. He ces.sful experience in ing to Montclair, and fur the work. He iif the Sunday school X o r t li Baptist when he was but nine- Mr. Cairns is a na- l)orn August riO, 1S,")2. came from England first meeting held Xo- determined to organ with preaching ser- this meeting, Irving p e r i n t e n d e n t and Secretary. There has in members and inter the school will com- those of other denom- the length of time it The total of ofticers present time i.s lT:i; 11 n; Primary Depart- Superintendent. Irv- Wm. H. Farmer; Dodge ; Superintend- partmcnt, ^[l•s H. K. The success of this ginning is due to the Mr. Irving Cairns, the had a long and suc- this work before coin- was fully equipped was Superintendent connected with the Church, Jersey City, teen years of age. tive of Jersey City. His grandfather aliout 1830, and a.ssist- ed iii the construction of the iirst raib-oad built in this country. His mother, a Mi.ss Mary A. Howering, was also a native of England. Mr. Cairns was educated in the public schools of Jersey City. After this he was employed for a time in a hardware house. About IsTii, he and liis brother bouglit out and succeeded to the business of II. T. Gratacap, viz., the manufacture of firemen's ecjuipments. in X. Y. City. They built up a large and successful business. After the death of his brother, Mr. Irving Cairns conducted the business by himself. He and his fanuly placed a beautiful memorial window in the North Bapti.st Church, Jersey City, in memory of his brother. Mr. Cairns moved to Upper Montclair in 1885, where he resided for a few years, and in 1892 moved to Montclair. He was one of the leaders in the movement to organize a Baptist Church, and was a large contributor to the new church edifice. lie was elected '^^^^^^^ /'^c/'O- 102 History of Moxtci.air Township. President of the Board of Trustees, and as sueli had the principal management of the Tinsiness interests of the church. He had the general supervision of the interior arrangements of the new building. He is a man of warm sympathies and greatly beloved by his associates in the Church and his fellow laborers in the Sunday-school. Mr. Cairns married, in IsT'.t, Miss Ella V. Cook, daughter of Elisha Cook, of Jersey City. THE UNITARIAN SOCIETY. This Society was organized in October, 1868, and had a total membership of V^, as follows: ]\Ir. and Mrs. Geo. II. Francis and family, ."> : Mr. and Mrs. Theodore M. Morgan and family, 5; Mr. and Mrs. C. N. Bovee and family, (1 ; Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Weidemeyer and family, 5 ; Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Dickinson and family, 4 ; ]\Irs. Joseph Xason and family, 3 ; Mr. Carl Nason, 1 ; ]\Ir. and Mrs. F. A. Angell and family, 4; ]\Ir. and ]\Irs. Itroaduax, 'J; Mr. and Mrs. Charles Parsons and family, 4; Mr. and ]\Irs. Charles R. Parsons, 2 ; Mr. and Mrs. Geoi-ge Parsons, 2 ; Mr. and ^frs. C. Iv. ^^'illmer and family, .j ; Mrs. George Hawes, 1. For some two years the pulpit was supplied by clergymen of other Unitarian Societies. Services were held in Watchung Hall, immediately east of the ilansion House, either morning or evening services, Dr. John A. Bellow.s, Russell Bellows, Dr. John Chadwick, Mr. G. W. Curtis and other Unitarians from time to time leading the service. The Rev. J. B. Harrison, now of Franklin Falls, N. H., became the pastor in 1870. and continued until 1873, when "Watchung Hall was given up. From that time forward Dr. John A. Bellows con- ducted the religious services of the Society for two years, the services l)eing held in the house of Mrs. Joseph Nason, 121 Gates Avenue. In 1876 Dr. John A. Bellows moved to the State of Maine, and there were no furtlier meetings of the Society. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. Early in May, 1891, an entirely local and Sf)ontaneous movement for the organization of a Young Men's Christian Association in Montclair took form in the written re(juest of about seventy-live young men, that the ministers of the several churches should call an initial meeting with that end in view. Pursuant to such a call, signed by Rev. A. H. Bradford, D.D., First Congregational Church ; Rev. W. F. Junkin, D.D., LL.D., First Presbyterian Church; Rev. AY. N. Hul)l)ell, First Baptist Church; Rev. Orville Reed, Trinity Presbyterian Church, and Rev. Joseph A. Owen, First Methodist Episcopal Church, a meeting was held in the chapel of the First Presbyterian Church, Monday evening, May 25, 1891, to consider the matter and, if expedient, begin the work of organizing an association. Charles II. Johnson, Sr., was elected Chairman, and E. B. Sanford, Secretary, lion. Elkanah Drake, of Newark, Chairman of the Y. M. C. A. State Executive Committee, and David F. JSIore, State Secretary, spoke in ex[ilanation and appreciation of associatioual work, and in incitement towai-d a hical organization, if the way should appear open. The subject was very freely discussed by Dr. Junkin, Mr. Reed, Rev. F. B. Carter, of St. Luke's P. E. Church, Dr. Bradford"^, Paul Babcock, C." H. Johnson, Sr., and others. Mr. Babcock in direct opposition, Dr. Junkin and Mr. Carter advising caution, and Dr. Bradford and others strongly encouraging the movement. The result was the appointment of Edward Madison, C. S. Olcott, R. S. I'earce, A. D. French, A. S. Wallace and W. H. Farmer as a committee to name a committee of ten who should thoroughly consider the need and probable field for an association, and report a plan of organization, if organization should seem to be desirable and expedient. These named as a Committee of Ten : A. H. Siegfried, Chairman, E H. Holmes. Philip Doremus, ^V. G. Snow, E. B. Sanford, D. F. .Merritt, C. I. Reeves, Shepard Rowland, W. H. Ketcham and George Wellwood Murray. This committee gave most careful thought and investigation to the need for and possibilities of the proposed a.ssociation, and made an exhaustive report to a second public meeting, June 23, when the work of forming a local organization was fully entered upon, and a eon.stitution and by-laws were adopted. About one hundred members gave their names to the association at this meeting. The first Board of Directors, after some few changes in its formative state, included A. H. History of Montclair Townshii'. 10.3 Siegfried, President; A. W. Law, Vice-President; A. D. Frencli, Secretary; Siiepard liowland. Treasurer; C. H. Johnson, Sr., J. A. Sandford, Wni. Wallace, Geo. AV. Melick. E. P. Benedict, George Wellwood ilurray, Edward Madison, A. S. Wallace. V. S. Olcott. V. AV. Engli^;ll and J. G. ilacVicar. A Women's Auxiliary C'oninrltteu of twenty-tive was al.so formed, with Mrs. .1. IJ. Hegeman, Chairman. During the sunmier and early autumn of 1891, the membership grew steadily and encouragingly, and plans and methods were formulated. The Association took a three years' lease on the large and time- honored residence, doubly honored as having for several years housed the useful but now declining Keform Club, at .510 Bloomtield Avenue, — the A.ssociation fitly succeeding to the valuable work of the Club. The building was well equi]>ped by the Association with a reading room, game rooms, social room, gymnasium, reception and oftice room, etc.. and was formally but quietly opened for its new usefulness, November 14. On tlie Sunday evening following, a mass meeting, in the interevrt was read by the President. Tlienceforward tlie As-sociation has gonetpiietly but aggressively about its work of seeking, teach- iuir, entertaining and evangelizing young men through the efforts, largely, of Christian and moral young men. In April. ls".t2. Tliomas K. Cree. .Jr.. a graduate of the Siiringtield. Afass., Secretarial Training School, was appointed General Secretary, and took the leadershij) in direct practical work. The regular paid membership has varied between ^{^>< and 41.5. and the Association has won its place as a gladly recognized local institution, and as one of the most usefid and powerful agents for the general good of the community. The spirit and metliods of the As.sociation are well .set fortb in the following, from The Clirlstiin Union (now Tl„ Outh,„h) of Ajiril 29, l.s4 History of Montclair Township. The executive orsjaiiizatioii at tlie time of tliis writiiiu- is A. 11. Siegfried. President ; A. W. Taw, Vice-President; J. A. Sandford, Secretary; Wni. Wallace, Treasurei- ; Charles IT Johnson, Sr., Edward Madison, A D. French, George Wellwood Mnrray, A. S. Wallace, Isaac Denhy, Sliepard Eowland, J. G. MacVicar, Franklin Ferris, A. S. Hadgley, with Thomas K. Cree. Jr., General Secretary. THE WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION. Tills Society was organized in the autumn of 1SS3, its ohject heing the '"suppression of intemper- ance hy prayer and earnest personal etfort." The first meeting was held on the afternoon of Dec. 6, 1S.S3, in the Chapel of the Congregational Church, about one hundred ladies, representing the Presby- terian, Methodist, Congregational and Episcopal Cliurches being juesent. This meeting was in response to an invitation from a connnittee of ladies from the ditferent churches. ]Mrs. McLauglin, of Poston, was present and assisted in the organization. One condition of memljership was the signing of the total abstinence pledge of the National organization, thereby making this an auxiliary to the W. C. T. U. of New Jersey. The work of the Society is divided into seven departments, viz.. Literature, Juvenile Work, Prison Work, Flower Mission, Parlor Meetings, Helping Hand, and Social Purity. The work of the iirst department consists in the distribution of temperance literature. The work of the second consists in visiting tiie prisoners of Caldwell Penitentiary once a month on the Sal)bath day, and holding religious services; great gijod lias been accomplished in this department. A day is set apart in June of each year, known as Flower Mission Day, at which time bouquets of flowers are brought accompanied with apprujiriate verses of scripture. These flowers are sent to the Salvation Army in New York, to be distributed among the slums. Parlor meetings are held at the difl'erent homes for the purpose of encouraging and promoting the cause of temperance. Tiie Juvenile Work consists in teaching the children tlie evil efl'ects of alcohol upon the human body. Two schools, known as the Loyal Temperance Legions, are in successful operation. The work of the Helping Hand is mainly among the colored women. The Social Purity department is for ilie purpose of discussing the best methods of teaching children to lead clean, piire and holy lives. A cold water drinking fountain for " man and beast," placed by this Society on the principal thoroughfare has had a beneflcial eft'ect, and has often led the man to follow the example of the beast, and quench his thirst with nature's beverage rather than by the stimulant prepared by man. As a method of educating the public on the temjjerance question, some of the ablest speakers in the country have been secured at different times and have accom]ilished much good in this direction. The meetings of the Society are held on the second and fourth Monday of each mouth, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, in tlie parlors of the Y. M. C. A. Each member pays sixty cents a year, one-half of which is devoted to State and County work, and the balance for the special local work of the Society. The following persons have served as officei-s of the Society since its organization : Presidents, Mrs. Adia E. Taylor, Mrs. Myra J. Denby, Mrs. II. M. Sandford, Mrs. M. E. Batchelder, Mrs. Arabella DeLong ; Vlce-Prestdents of the first organization, Mrs. L. T. Wolfe, Mrs. A. F. Pratt, Mrs. E. F. Mei-ritt, Mrs. Sarah J. Bird ; those who have served since : Mrs. E. L Reeves, Mrs. A. S. Wallace, Mrs. Samuel Wilde, Mrs. E. P. Benedict, Mrs. Samuel Crump, Mrs. Sarah McClees, Miss Rebecca Crane, Mrs. R. G. Hutchinson, Mrs. E. Ferris, Mrs. Huntington, Mrs. L. Butler, Mrs. J. AVyman, Mrs. J. M. Burr, Mrs. Ames, Mrs. Rounsaville, Mrs. John Anderson, Mrs. Delano, Mrs. E. Ferris ; Secretaries, Mrs. M. J. Denby, Mrs. H. II. White, Mrs. E. A. Pulver, Mrs. E. M. White, Miss Irene D. Grover, Mrs. M. L. Pemroyer, Mrs. S. L. Reeves; Treasxirers, Miss Lizzie Morris, Mrs. H. M. Sandford, Mrs. E. M. Gilbert, Mrs. H. R. Edmonston. Present officers: President, Mrs. Arabella DeLong; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. H. D. Crane; Pecording Secretdry, Mrs. S. L. Reeves; Treasurer, Mrs. H. R. Edmonston. History of Montclair Township. lOil THE COLORED TolTLATION AM) TllEIK (IirUCHES. The influx of the coloicil people in Montclair liegau aliout ISTO (tlie total colored popnlation of the township at that time heing 3ti i, and wan the result of an effort to solve the servant question. A prominent citizea of Montclair hrought from Loudon County, Ya., two or three servants on trial. They proved satisfactory, and others, leaming that hetter wages could be obtained at the North, soon fullowed, and the Colored jnipulation of ^^^)I)tclair now nund)er about l,eiiple, and are active in advancing the cause of religion, and have made rai)i(l ])rogress in their Church societies. INIo.X KAl'TIST ( II LRCII— COLORED. The preliminary movements that led to the organization of this Church began in July, 168*!, in a series of meetings held from house to house, the first one being held at the residence of Lucy Weaver. These meetings were continued throusrh the year with increasing numbers and interest. The organization was completed and the name of the Union Ba])tist Church adopted in the early ])art of 1887, regular meetings having already been held with occasional preaching services at Watciiung Hall. The Church records show that : "At the call of the Union Baptist Church, of .\[i>ntelair, X. .1.. a Council convened at its house of woivhip. Wednesday, .T.iiuiary \'2. 1887, to consider the propriety of recognizing it as a regular Baptist Church, and also the propriety of ordaining to the work of the ministry. Rev. .1. .\. Harris, pastor elect. TIev. L. O. Greenville was chosen Moderator, and liev. Henry B. Waring, Clerk. The Council was composed of the following delegates : " First Church, Caldwell, Rev. Jabez Marshall and Daniel B. Lewis; Fii-st Church, Roselle, Rev. L. O. Grenille and Reuben Smith; Fifth Church, Newark, Rev. Henry B. Waring and Fldward lledden ; Ro.seville Church, Newark, Rev. Albert Stillman; South Church, Newark, Rev. S. E. Verson, P.D.; Fii-st Church, P.h.omticld. Rev. Y.. I). Sinnns." Services were held at Watchung Hall until lS'.»o, and afterward at Movvis Hall. A lot was pur- chased in 1889 on Bloomtield Avenue, wiiicli was sold later at an advance, and another lot purchased on Portland Place, 50 by 1^6 feet, and a frame building erected thereon, 45 by 110 feet, with a seating capacity of about 500. It is neatly furnished, provided with every convenience, and fitted up with one of the finest organs in this locality. The total cost of the whole property was about §20,000. It con- tains an audience room, a Sunday-school room, a lecture room, and three small reading rooms. Rev. J. A. Harris remained until May 1, 188;t, and was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Adkins, from North Carolina, who remained about two months. A call was then extended to Rev. Wm. Perry, who began his pastorate July 26, 1889. The total membership was then about -16, and under bis pastorate it has since increased to 35i'>. He has baptized nearly 200; the rest were received by letter. When ilr. Perry's pastorate began in 188'.*, the total amount of real property owned ])y members of his churcli and congregation did not exceed $4,0m(i; tliey now own, according to his statement, about $110,000. 106 History of Montclair Township. Thouf!;li the members are mostly persons in moderate circumstances they give liberally of their means, and the amount raised in one year to pay for the services of an evangelist, and for other benevolent purposes, was $.S(tO. Eev. William Perky, the pastor of this Church, was born in Chatham County, N. C, October 22, ISfiO, three years before the Act of Emancipation. Ilis parents were the propei-ty of a Mr. I'erry, and, as was the custom, took the name of their master. Soon after the close of the war William was sent to private school, his parents being ambitions to give him an education. In 1879 he attended Wa}-- land Seminary, in Washington, D. C, and during this ]X'riod became assistant pastor of the Mount Ver- non Baptist Cliurch (colored). He remained about two years, and then conducted mission meetings for another year at Garfield City. He labored some time as an evangelist with great success, and subse- quently had charge of the Bright Hope Baptist Church, at Princeton, N. J., where, after remaining two years, he came to Montclair. His work among his people here has been marked with great success. He has shown great ability as an organizer, and is earnest and effective as a preacher. He has the faculty of inspiring confidence among his people, and they trust him implicitly, and recognize him as their leader. He is an indefatigable worker, both in and out of the Church, and is seconded in all his efforts by his faithful followers. He has shown himself a good financier, and an able business manager, having con- ducted all the operations in connection with the purchase of the church property, and the erection and fur- nishing of the church. He has a comfortable home of his own, acquired by his industry, economy and good management. The Sunday school connected with this Church was organized in May, 1887, with ten scholars and one teacher. The first and second Superintendents were Miss Elliott and Miss Emma Smith. AVilliain Grigsby in 1890. The school numbers at the present time 125 scholars, with 16 teachers. The lihrary contains 2,500 volumes. ST. MAPJv'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH— COLORED. This Church owes its existence to the efforts of a few individuals — whites — who conceived the idea of organizing a Colored LTnion Church, that should be sui)ported by representatives of the several denf>minations. The work began about 1881, by the organization of a Church and Sunday school, the chief promoters of which were, E. A. Snedeker, Rev. J. H. Cooley, D. F. ilerritt, and J. W. Snedeker, representing the M. E. Cliureh of Montclair, and Mr. George P. Farmer, of the First Baptist Church of Montclair. The officers of the M. E. Church gave the use of their old building on Bloonifield Avenue, free of rent, in order to start the enterprise. The church was opened in 1881 with a membership of 25 — all colored. This number has gradually increased to about 100. The other denominations interested in tlie matter recognized the fact that the prevailing system of Methodism enabled that Society to provide pulpit supplies without cost to the new church, and therefore consented to that denominational distinction, under the name of St. Mark's M. E. Church. The colored people were enthusiastic in the work and secured the use of the building, rent free, for five years, from tlie First M. E. Church in consideration of their putting it in complete repair. They raised quite a sum among themselves, but were lai-gely assisted by the whites. About $1,400 was expended for this purpose, and besides this the colored people raised among themselves, $700 for an organ, and about $300 for carpets. The First M. E. Church gave them the refusal of the property at a valuation of $2,500, agreeing also to donate $500, leaving the amount of $2,000 to be raised by the colored people. A part of this amount has been raised by the colored jjeople, with the prospect of their soon owning the proi)ei-ty. For the first two years. Rev. J. H. Cooley, of the First M. E. Church, was their pastor. Supplies after this were furnished by the Presiding Elder, until about 1888, when Rev. Amos Garther assumed the pastorate of the church, which he still continues. For the first few years, until 1892, this church was a part of the Newark Conference, and that year, by action of tiie Colored Conference of New Jersey, it was placed in the Delaware Conference (colored). This church is now in a prosperous condition, and is doing excellent work among the colored people. History of Moxtclair Township. lor The Sunday school was started conteinporaiieous witli the ehurcli, by Mr. M. E. tSuiith, who had the general supervision of both church and school. He continued as Superintendent of the school from 1881 to 1>*90, and was succeeded by J. W. Snedeker, the present iiiciinilicnt. There are now 12 teachers — all white — and 150 scholars. Both in the church and Sunday school the colored people have displayed great liberality, and a cointnendable zeal in the work, and have evinced their grateful appreciation of the support and sympathy of their white neighbors. MI.W ul- TAKK hlKl.i.l, 1 RUM 1111. •1:M K ul l.l.AKK.MOM A\1-MI.. Chapter XII. EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. The first School in Newakk, 1676. — Act adopted by uhe General Assembly, 1693. for establishing Schools. — First School Committee, 1697. — First Appropriation by the State Legislatdre, 1816. — Acts of 1S29, 1838, 1846, 1S52, 1867, etc. — Schools of Cranetown, West Bloomfield AND Montclair. — The First School-house, 1740. — Second School-house, 1812. — Gideon Wheeler, the first Teacher in the " new ScHooL-HorsE." — Special School Law for the Township of Bloomfield, 1846. — Teachers. 1846 to 1856. — Trcstees, 1831 to 1856. — The " new departure," and the result. — Increased Facilities.— Establishment of the High School, and its gradual development. — The new School Building. 1892-3. — Efforts of Dr. J. J. H. Love, the first President of the Board, and his Successors, George H. Francis, Thomas Porter, Charles K. Willmer and John E. Howard. — Sketch of Randall Spaulding. — Private Schools. — Washington School — east end. — Warren Holt's School. — Ashland Hall. — Hillside Seminary for Young Ladies. — Montclair Military Academy. — Free Public Library. i|HE early settlers of Newark, thoHgli many of them could neither read or write, were men of enterprise, virtue, and more than ordinary intelligence, and they appreciated the importance of having their children properly educated. After purchasing their land, building their habitations, establishing their local government, erecting their church, and constructing their mill, they next gave their attention to the education of their children. On November 1, 1676, at a town meeting composed of the freeholders of Newark, numbering at that time seventy -five persons, tiie following action was taken : "ITEM — The Town's Men have Liberty to see if they can find a competent number of Sehollars and accommodations for a School Master in this town." The "Town's Men" — seven in number — took prompt action to secure a schooh master, as appears from the f(jllowing record, Feb. 7, 1677 : " ITEM— The Town hath consented that the Town's Men sliould perfect the Bargain with the School Master for this year, upon condition that he will come for this year, and do his faithful, lionest and true Endeavor, to teach the Children, or servants of those who have subscribed, the reading and writing of English, and also of Arithnietick if they desire it; as much as they are capable to learn as is he capable to teach them, within the Compass of this year, no wise hindering, but that he may make what bargain he please, with those as have not subscribed. It is voted that the Town's ilen have Liberty to complete the Bargain with the School Master, they knowing the Town's Mind." The first "school master" was John Catlin or Cathling, one of the early settlers from Branford, who also held the office of town attorney and other positions. The General Assembly of the Province, in October, 1693, enacted the following : " An Act for Establishing School Masters Wuhin this Province. " Whereas the cultivating of learning and good Manners tends greatly to the good and benefit of Mankind, which iiave hitherto been much neglected witliin this Province. BE IT THEBEFOBE ENACTED by the Governor, Council and Deputies in General Assembly now met and Assembled, and by the Authority of tlie same, that the Inhabitants of any Town within this Province, shall and may by Warrant from a Justice of the Peace of that County where they think fit and convenient, meet together History of Montclair Township. 100 and make choice of tliree more men of llie said Town, to make a rate for the salary and maintaining of a School Master within the said Town, for so long a time as they think fit ; and the consent and agreement of the ilajor part of the Inhahitants of the said Town, shall hind and oblige the remaining part of the In- habitants of said Town to satisfy and pay their shares and proportion of the said Rate; and in ease of refusal or non payment, distress to be made upon tlie Goods and Chattels of said Person or Persons so rcfnsing or not paying, by the constable of said Town, by Virtue of a "Wari'ant from a Justice of the Peace of that County; and the Distress so taken to be sold at a public Vendue, and the overplus, if any be after the payment of the said rate and charges to be returned to the Owner." This Act was ameniled in February, 1695, as follows: "WHEREAS there was an Act made AX^'O DOMINE 1693 for the establishing of Schools in each respective Town in this Province, and by experience it is found inconvenient, by reason of the Distance of the Xeighborlmod, the said Act directing no suitable way whereby all the inhabitants may have the benefit thereof : BE IT THEREFORE ENACTED by the Governor, Council and Repre- sentatives, in General Assembly now met and Assembled, and by Authority of the same, that three Men be chosen Yearly and every Year in each respective Town in this Province to appoint and agree with a School Master, and the three Men so chosen shall have power to nominate and appoint the most convenient place or places where the School shall be kept from time to time, that as near as may be the whole Inhabitants may have the benefit thereof." On the 1st of January, 1697, the town meeting chose a school committee consisting of Tiicopelus Pierson, Jasper Crane and Tiionias Richards, who were authorized "'to agree with a School Master to keep Scliool in this Town for the Year according to Act of Assembly." The first State legislation in behalf of public schools was on Feb. 9, 1S16, by which "the Legis- lature authorized and directed the Treasurer of the State to invest in the jniblic six per cent, stock of the United States in the name of and for the use of this State, the sum of s1.").(iimi." Otlicr stocks were added to this in 1817, making an aggregate of §S7,<)76.34. The first distribution of public funds was by enactment of Feb. 24, 1629, wiiicli provided that the Trustees of the School Fund should appropriate annually from the proceeds thereof $-20,000 for public schools. This was the first attempt at disbursement. Hitherto it had been all accumulation. The money that had been gathering for thirteen years had reached a level from where it would be safe to distribute, and the Trustees of the fund "are to divide this §20,000 among the fourteen counties in the ratio of State tax paid by the counties." The Chosen Freeholders of the several counties were directed to re-disbnrse to their several townships in the ratio of the county tax paid by the townships. Townships were required to elect annually school committees of three each, whose duty it was to divide the township into convenient school districts, license teachers for the township, call district meetings of the taxable inhabitants only, and to divide the public money quarterly among the s-everal districts according to the number of cliildren between the ages of four and sixteen years. The district meetings were to determine how many months in the year a school should be kept, and the Trustees were to provide a house or room for the school. By the Act of February 10, ls;3I, the Act of 1S29 and supplement of 1830 were repealed and a new act substituted. By this Act the sum of §30,000 was annually appropriated from the pioceeds of the school fund, to be drawn on or before the first Monday in April. Authority to levy an annual school tax was continued to the townships, and they were enqiowered to assign ail the State money to educate the " indigent poor " if they chose. The patrons, sup])orters or proprietors of common schools in the townships were directed to organize tlieir several schools, if not already organized, by the appointment of any number of trustees. The trustees were to report to the Township School Committee tlieir organization ; whereupon the Committee was directed to recognize all such schools as being entitled to their j)roportion of the public money. The Township School Committees, upon the receipt of the animal rei)orts of the several Boards of Trustees, assigned the public money to each school in the ratio of the number of children taught, as llu History of Montclair Township. reported to tliein during; tlie precedino- year. If tlie to\nislii]i liad voted all the public money to tlie use of the pool', then the ratio of distrilmtion was to be as to the iiuiuber of "poor" children taught in each school. In March, 1838, tliere was a new enactment authorizing this $30,000 to be disbursed from the school fund annually, on the usual basis. Township School Committees were again empowered to divide townships into convenient scliool districts ; alter and change them as circumstances may require, and if advisable form them from parts of two or mors adjoining townships or counties. By the law of 1S4G the annual sum of $3U,000 was continued to be api)ropriated, but townships were required to raise a sum at least equal to the proportion of the State appropriation, but not to exceed double that sum. In 1836 the General Government found itself in possession of more money than it wanted, or would be likely to want. By Act of Congress, passed June 23, of that year, it distributed to the several States, as a loan without interest, more than $30,000,000 of this "surplus revenue,"' as it was called. Tlie sum appropriated to the State of New Jersey was $764,670.44. A supplement to the Act of 1846, passed March 14, 1857, jirovided for an annual disbursement of $40,000 of the proceeds of the scliool fund, and $40,000 from the general treasury, making a sum almost equal to the entire school fund of a third of a century befoi'e. By an Act of 1852, the "Trustees of the School Fund" were authorized to dispose of all that remained of the lands belonging to the State at Paterson, l>y private or public sale, and invest the proceeds thereof in the school fund. By an Act of 1867, the formation and re-formation of school districts was taken from the people and placed in the hands of the County Superintendent. Ill 1871, an Act was passed, assigning the proceeds from the sales and rentals of "land under water'" to the school fund. From this source a large amount is realized annually. In the same year the Two-mill Tax was enacted. This is an assessment of two mills on every dollar of the assessed value of all taxable property in the State. From this source there was i-ealized in 1875 the sum of $1,237,578.57. It supersedes the township taxes heretofore required, provided the sum realized by this tax proves to be sutticient to maintain free schools in a given township nine months in the year. "Sectarian Schools" are specially denied any part of the two mill tax. Schools of CkanM',towx, "West Bloomfield axd IMontclair. The first school-house in Cranetown, as near as can be ascertained, was built about 1740. It stood at the junction of the Old Koad (now Church Street) and the road leading to Orange, south of what was recently the High School Building. It was a one-story building, built of stone, twenty-six feet long and eighteen feet broad. It faced the east, and the curve in the road was then such that it looked down the street. There was a large lire-place in the southwest corner of the room, and flat desks or tables placed around the sides of the room, far enough from the walls to admit of benches being placed between the desks and the walls. All the seats were slabs, bark side down. At the south end was an oblong platform, two steps in height, which was called " the rostrum." In the centre of this platform was a trap door, opening into the dungeon, where evil doers M'ere sometimes "dropped." The earliest teachers mentioned who occupied the rostrum were Isaac Watts Crane and Hugh Thompson. Rev. Jedediah Chapman, for many years pastor of the First Church in Orange, came regularly every two weeks, on Saturday', to catechise the children. lie was a man of venerable appearance, wore a cocked hat, and always rode on horseback. The children with the master wei-e ranged along the i-oadside, in single file, and waited with uncovered heads until the minister dismounted and entered the building, when they all followed. Dr. Grub succeeded IMr. Thompson, and ilr. Tracy, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, followed. lie was a severe discijilinarian and held strictly to the proverb " Spare the rod and spoil the child." He made History of Montci.air Township. 1 1 1 free use of the " weeping willow," and the weeping children failed to move him to compassion. Mr. Smith, Mr. Ilinman and Mr. Norton, each in succession taught in this school-house. The .'^c?c'"/i'/ scliool-liouse was Imilt in 1S12, on land i)urchased of Parmenus Dodd, tluough Israel Crane, at the junction of Old Koad and the turnpike, about tifty feet east of the present Presbyterian Church. It was of stone, two stories high, twenty-two by forty feet in size, the second story of which was used for religious services. Gideon Wheeler was the tirst teacher in the second school-house. lie came from Stepney, Fairfield County, Conn., to New Jersey, about 1809-10. He taught first in Jersey City, afterward at a small village near Parsippany, New Jersey, and came to Cranetown in lsl2. lie brought witli him the following " Kkcommk.ndation : " IIrxn.\(iT().v, Faikfiem) Covnty, July 17, 1809. " This may certify that the bearer, Gideon AVheeler, has made school teaching his business between fifteen and twenty years, and has generally given satisfaction to his employers, and his knowledge of the ortiiography of the English language, English Grammar, Arithmetic, Mathematics and Astronomy, we conceive, will recommend him to all who wish to have their children ac(iuire useful knowledge under his tuition. His moral character is such as merits the imitation of his pupils if they wish to become useful members in society. '•DKonATK Sii.i.icMAN. Ju.. Prcst." Mr. AVheeler taught in this school for many years. He was a man of great intellectual force and sound judgment, and considered an excellent teacher for the time. He held the position until declining health compelled his retirement, and his remaining days were s|)t'i]t on his tiirm. He attracted pupils from Speertown, Verona, the Coit Neighborhood, Tory ('(iriu'r, and from "between the Mountains." His whole term of service was about eleven years — from 1811 to ls-22. He was succeeded by Philander Seymour, a young man from Genoa, .\. Y., who had taught for a time "between the mountains," south of Pleasant Valley. He was a man of good education, a popular and successful teacher. He continued teaching from 1822 to 1830, when he removed to Ploomtield. Isaac I>. "Wheeler, a son of Gideon "Wheeler, taught here for a time; also William Iledden and David J. Allen. "Warren S. Holt taught school in the same building, and subsequently opened a day and boarding school for young men and young ladies at what is now known as the Mountain House. Amos B. Ilowland succeeded him ilarch 7, 183t:!, and was the last teacher in the secimd-school house and the fir.-t one in the thii'd. The second school-house, together witli the lot on which it stood, was sold in 1838, to the Society of West I'loomfield Presltyterian Church, for S-^""', imd the third school house was erected the same year, on land purchased from Ira Campbell, west of, and near the Presbyterian Church This building was sold to the same Church Society, in 18G0, for §800. Mr. Ilowland continued teaching until 1839, and on April <)th, of that year, was succeeded by Miss Ilariiet IJooth, Oct. 3, 1840. Samuel Jones also taught here for a time and was succeeded Nov. 1, 1849, by Edwin C. Fidler, the present tax collector of the township of Montclair. He was assisted by Miss Jane Van Duyne. Miss Phcebe C. Miinn was appointed April 25, 1850, and continued during the summer months. She was the last teacher under the old regime of a pay school, the tuition being at that time §2.00 a quarter or $8.00 a year. The Trustees that year abolished the Saturday forenoon school hours, the half holiday having been the immemorable usage. The change met with a strong opposition, tlie older people claiming that " what was good enough for them was good enough for their children." Application was made by the township of Bloomtield, in 1849, for a special school law. Kesist- ance was made, but the free school law was enacted in 1840, amended in 1850, and the tuition of all children was henceforth paid by taxation. Section 1 of the amended Act authorizes the towuship to "raise by tax at the annual town U2 History of Montclair Township. meeting a sum not to exceed §2,500 in any one year, wliicli money shall not be applied to the building of a school-lionse or school-houfes." Section 2 provides that "the amount authorized shall not in anyone year exceed one-half the amount of taxes assessed the preceding year in said district for all purposes/' Section 3 provides that " the town superintendent together with the township committee shall be and are hereby authorized to unite, divide and alter their school districts, and change the boundaries thereof whenever and as often as they may deem it necessary or expedient for the jniblic beneiit." Tliis Act was ajjproved March Cth, 1850. At the time of the enactment of tiie law there were seven school districts in the old township. Three of the four in the eastern part of the town were united, and the Bloomfield plan of a Central Grammar and High School and primary schools at a distance from the centre began its growth. The three districts in the western portion of the town remained separate. The first teacher at the West Bloomfield School under the new law was A. D. Babcock, who received a salary of S^lSOO a year. Edwin C. Fuller returned April, 1852, and was assisted by Miss Phoebe C. Mann ; his salary was $31:0, and hers s200. Miss Phoebe Campbell, appointed Oct. 2, 1852, received $100 salary, and Miss Samantha Wheeler was appointed Sept. 22, 1856, at $125 per annum. The following named Trustees managed the school affairs of "West Bloomfield from 18.31 to 1850, at which time the first radical change was made : For the year 1831, Elias Littell, Zenas S. Crane, John Munn, Stephen F. Crane, Caleb Baldwin ; 1832, Zenas S. Crane, Matthias Smith, Stephen F. Crane, John Munn, Timothy A. Crane; 1833, Zenas S. Crane, Stephen F. Crane, Nathaniel Crane, Jr., John Munn, Caleb "Ward; 1835, Peter Doremus, William Smith, John Munn, Stephen F. Crane; 1830, Stephen F. Crane, Richard Homer, Peter Doremus, William Smith, John Munn ; 1838, Elias B. Crane, Zenas S. Crane, Wm. Smith; 1839, John Munn, Jos. H. Baldwin, Elias B. Crane; 1844, William Smith, AYilliam S. Morris, Martin S. Moore; 1846, William S. Morris, Calvin S. Baldwin, John D. Taylor, John Munn, Amzi Sandford: 1847, William S. Morris, C. S. Baldwin, John D. Taylor, David Eogers, JSTathaniel H. Dodd; 1848, John Post, C. S. Baldwin, A. A. Sanford, Edmund Doremus, John C. Doremus; 1849, C. S. Baldwin, M. W. Smith, John C. Collins, Wm. S. Morris, A. A. Sanford ; 1850, A. A. Sanford, John Munn, Chas. Smith, C. S. Baldwin, Anthony D. Ball. The completion of the Newark and Bloomfield R. R. to West Bloomfield in 1856 was the begin- ning of a new settlement. It brought to this town active young men with families of children to educate — men who had been accustomed to good schools in the New England States, and who were desirous of having school facilities here equal to those to which they had been accustomed, so that tliey might avoid the necessity of sending their children elsewhere to be educated. The cpiestion of improved school accommodations began to be agitated, and this was brought to a final i.ssue at a meeting held April 2, i860, Mr. Julius H. Pratt acting as Chairman, and Dr. J. J. H. Love as Secretary. An entire new Board of Trustees was elected, consisting of Peter H. Yan Riper, Edgar T. Gould, William Jacobus, Joseph 11. Baldwin and John C. DeWitt. The cpiestion of location for a school building next became the all-absorbing topic, and it is a note- worthy fact that the site finally selected was near the same spot where the first school-house was erected more than a century pi-evious. The Trustees called a public meeting on May 10, 1860, recommending the purchase of a lot on the corner of Church Street and Valley Road, both streets being a part of the GId Road, which extended through Bloomfield to Newark, lieing one of the first laid out in the old "Town of Newark." A large number of the old inhabitants attended the meeting and vigorously opposed the recommendation of the Trustees, resorting to all kinds of (piibbles and parliamentary tactics to prevent action. Several meetings followed this, and finally, at a meeting held June 15, 1860, the measure was carried by a vote of 64 to 34, and the Trustees were authorized to purchase the above-mentioned lot, then owned by Grant J. Wheelci-, and to erect tbei-eon a school building with accommodations suited to the increased population. On July loth of that year the Board of Trustees adopted plans and specifica- tions, and on July 30th the contiact was awarded to "\Vm. Sigler, carpenter, and Edgar T. Gould, mason. History cif Montclair Township. 113 at a cost of $4,300. the heating apparatus, furniture, etc., making a total cost of 8*>,< '21.34. The building was fiftv feet in length bv thirty-five in breadth, and now forms the north wing of the present grammar school. The .'^onth wing was erected in 186!) and the east wing in 1873; the total cost of the completed building, which is now the Grammar School, was $3.5,0()0. Mr. John H. Morrow, appointed December 28, 1860, at a salary of $4.^0. was the first teacher in the original wing of this new edifice. He was assisted, in 1861, by Miss A. M. Mnnn, and in 1863 by Miss Helen Muun. Special plans were originated in 1^06 for the establishment of a High School adequate to the de- mands of the best education preparatory to the college or the university. The purpose was to secure the THE OI.II SCHOOL HOUSS, BUILT IN 1860. services of a principal who should be a graduate from one of the best colleges, and whose character and attainments should secure the)^ best results in education. The High School was to afford facilities "to educate here at home the youth who had been previously sent away to school," and to enable " parents to retain under home influence their children during tlie period of the formation of character." John W. Taylor, a graduate of Harvard University, became the principal September 1, 1866, and inspired a rapid development of our school system during the four years of his sui)ervision. His tact, ability and enthusiasm in school work, his geniality and his fondness for young life, his instinct for individualizing, and his natural leadership, gave inspiration alike to teachers, students, parents and trstees. Miss Lucy M. Brown 114 History of Montclair Township. was appointed a?sif5tant Novemlter 28, 1867. Mr. Ta_vlor left tlurins; the second year of his administra- tion, and Mr. Jared riiisl)roi]ck filled the position from Angnst 2t>, lS(iS, to December IT, at which time Mr. Tajlor returned, continiiinfr until ISTU, when Mr. John P. Gross, a graduate of Bowdoin College, hecaine the princij)al. Mr. Gross continued to develop a wide pnhlic interest in the School. The increase of pupils rendered a further enlargement necessary in 1873. The first graduating class, composed of thirteen members, was guided through the advanced course by Mr. Gross, and the first diplomas of the Trustees, given in 187-±, were made significant of a thorough education. Mr. Gross was assisted in the High School department by Miss Lucy M. Brown and Mr. Edward Thatcher, a graduate of Yale College, and a son of Prof. Thos. A. Thatcher. Miss Abbey M. Munn, at that time a teacher of long experience and distinguished success, was at the head of the Primary Department. Miss Lucy Brown, who for seven years had been an efficient teacher, and was highly esteemed in the community, was called away by death in 1874. Mr. Gross continued for about a year longer, and was succeeded, in the autumn of 1874, by Mr. Randall Spaulding, a graduate of Yale College. Efiicient as the School was at the time, Mr. Spaulding saw that there was room for further improve- ment in order to meet the growing demands of the community. Otie of the most important changes made by him was that of requiring the pupils then in school to remain a year longer than tlie previous time allotted for graduation. Other improvements have been made from year to year, demonstrating the wisdom, knowledge and ability of the principal. During his administration of nearly twenty years, he has been assisted by a corps of excellent teachers, some of whom were old residents in the community. Among the lady teachers have been Miss Annie Brown, a very successful teacher, who served for six years; Miss F. A. Caldwell, Miss Anna S. Peck, and Miss Mary J. Turner; and of the gentlemen, P. W. Conant, Charles L. Noyes, Edwin B. Goodell, Samuel D. Eaton, Noah C. Rogers, J. Howard Pratt and Arthur E. Bostwick. Miss Eldora Eldredge is worthy of special mention. She has had charge of the grammar department, preparatory to the High School, for nearly eighteen years, and still continues in that position. The need of increased specialization in the work of the High School led to the employment, in 18Sfi, of Mr. Robert Cornish to take charge of tlie science department, a man eminently fitted for the work. He continued in this position for six years, and brought the department to a high state of efficiency. The classical department was assigned to Miss Eliza H. Gilliert, who for several years had performed a part of the duties pertaining to it. Her work is characterized by great accuracy and thoroughness. Li September, 1892, Mr. J. Steward Gibson succeeded Mr. Cornish in the science department. Miss Turner, who for many years had served most acceptably as preceptress of the High School, was succeeded in 1887 by Miss I^Iargaret A. Emerson, a conscientious and painstaking teacher, who i-emained three years. Her place was tilled by Miss Elsie M. Dwyer, a graduate of Wellesley College, an able and successful teacher of ripe experience. Other departments have been added — that of modern language and mathematics, in charge of Miss Harriet E. Crouch; Latin and modern history. Miss Mary A. Carter; commercial branches and botany, Mr. William C. Gorman ; English and history in charge of the preceptress. Miss Dwyer, assisted by Miss Lucy Evelyn Wight. The unusually long and efficient service of Miss Abbie M. Munn, now in the highest grade of the primary department, and Misb Eldora Eldredge, in the highest grade of the grammar deiiartnient, renders them worthy of special notice, Miss Eldredge having served eighteen consecutive years, and Miss Munn a much longer period. The names of both these worthy teachers are enshrined in the hearts of hundreds of pupils, many of whom have achieved honor and success in life, and cherish the remeralirance of them as among the most delightful associations connected with their alma mater. Since 1874 scarcely a year has passed without material change in the course of study, and new systems and methods have given place to the old ones. Even the early graduates of this school would be surprised at the great changes that have l)een wrought. The system of manual training was introduced in 1S82, and the trustees were authorized to expend the sum of |1,000 to test its practicability. A room was fitted up and fully supplied with the necessary tools and appliances. The manual work the first year History or Moxtclair TowNsiiir. 115 in the grammar department consisted in drawing and constrnctii)n of geometric forms, and in advanced clay modeling; to the second year was assigned a course in joinery; to the third year, wood carving. Girls during this period were instructed in needlework. Tliis department has succeeded beyond the expectations of its promoters, and has been extended from time to time both upward and downward in the grades of tlie school. The expense of maintaining this department tlie first year was §72(1 ; the second, $600; the third, $583; the fourth. 80S1 ; fifth, sHito ; and the sixtli. $687. The total number of graduates from the High School is 206. Of these, seventy-eight have entered upon a college course leading to a degree. Nine graduates liave taken special courses in colleges; seventeen have entered some professional school of law, medicine or teaching. Those who have entered upon a college course are classified as follows : Yale, 19 ; Wellesley, 11 ; Smith, 9 ; Amherst, 7; Princeton, 7; Harvard, 6; ^V■e6leyan, 4; University of New York, 3; Oberlin, 2; Li'higli. •2; University of Minnesota, 1; "Williams, 1; Cornell, I; Evelyn, 1; Columbia, !; Bryn Mawr, 1 ; iJarnard, 1 ; ^lassachu setts School of Technology, 1. The school census shows the number of children residing within the district between five and eighteen years of age in 1856 as 185. In 1870 there were 450. The next decade, 898. The total number in 1893 was 1,703. The increase from 1856 to 1893 is 1.518 ; the largest increase in any one year was that of 1871, viz.. 150. The smallest increase was iii 1872, viz., 6, and the year from 1884 to 1885 showed a decrease of 22. The total number of scholars enrolled at the present time is 1.30(1, reijuiriiig the employment of 44 teachers, including instructors in special departments. Additions have been made to the old and new buildings during the past fifteen years, in order to meet the increased demands for school facilities. In 1878-9 the west half of the centre primary school was built at a cost of $l2,oi10. In 1884, the east half centre primary, at a cost of $7,118. In 1888 a new school-house was built on Cedar Street, which cost, including the land, $6,895. In 1889-90 a large new brick building was erected on Chestnut Street, which cost, including the land, $18,8n3. In 1892 a large ]ilot of land was ]>nrchased on the west side of Valley Road, about three Iniiulred yards west of the present grammar school. On this was erected one of the finest and most coujpletely equipped school buildings in the State. The building is 237 feet long and about 81 feet extreme width, covering an area of 15.738 square feet, including porches, etc. The design is of classic style and the exteriors are finished in buff brick and cream white terra cotta. The portion below water level is of dark red brick. All interior carrying partitions and all heating and vent flues are of brick. The floors are laid on Georgia pine joists and on iron beams. All interior walls are furred and afire stop is at the bottom of each. The building is two stories high and the main flights of stairs are of iron, supported by brick walls, broken by landings and covered with rubber treads. The first floor is arranged with a direct corridor from entrance to entrance, thirteen feet wide, and contains all the wardrobes, being separated for the sexes. They are built on a new plan adajjted and used by the architects, Messrs. Loringc% Phipps, of Boston, designers of this and many public schools and other public buildings. Placed at intervals in the first floor corridor are three foot warmers, so arranged that the children can dry their feet and clothes in wet weather. On the south side of this corridor are seven class rooms of different sizes, each having seating capacity of from 54 to 60 pupils or more, according to size, and each room is arranged for the light to come over the left shoulder and back of the pupil. Each class room on this floor, as well as on the second floor, has teachers' closets and book closets, and blackboards of natural slate are on all the wall surfaces not used for other purposes. On the north side of the corridor on the first floor are two recitation rooms, principal's office with fire place, toilets, closets, waiting room and depository. The reference room and connecting library are fitted with delivery desk and book racks for many thousands of volumes. In each corridor two drinking places are furnished for the children's use, made of soapstone set on brackets with nickel self-closing locks. On the second floor are four class rooms, two recitation rooms, two toilet rooms, and an assembly hall with a seating capacity of 500, with two small ante-rooms and a stage 27 feet wide and 13 feet deep. 110 History of Montclair Township, On tlie south side is the cliemical hiboratory and also conveniences for pliotograpliic experiments. Two flights of stairs lead from the second to the tliird stories, in which is a furnished room for students in drawing, and a large room partly unfinished, 84 feet long by 30 feet wide for gymnasium. Tlie finish of the entire building is of brown ash. All corridors, rooms and staircases are wainscoted in ash to a height of about four feet. The entire cost, including the land, was $125,000. From the beginning of the new movement in lSt!0, — with tiie exception of his absence during the war — Dr. J. J. II. Love has been continuously a member of tlie Board of Trustees. To iiis persistent and indefatigable efforts in the cause of higher education is largely due the present school system, with facilities, equaled liy few, and. it is Ijelieved, unsurpassed by those of any town of this size in the United States. Dr. Love led and the people followed. Having unbounded confidence in his ability, good judgment and impartial dealings, they gave him their hearty support, and freely voted the (II Jk& ^'^'. ^j^i*.^- THE NEW HIGH SCHOOL. appropriations asked for. lie served for many 3'ears as President of the Board, and then took the position of Clerk, which he has held without intermission up to tlie present time (1894). His inlerest in the work has uever flagged, and he has given his personal attention to the most minute details. In the erection of the new High School building, he supervised every portion of the work from the foundation to the roof, and, being daily on the spot, nothing escaped his observation. Mr. George H. Francis succeeded Dr. Love as President, and held tlie position for some years. Mr. Thomas Porter, who succeeded Mr. Francis as President of tlie Board of Trustees, was an enthusiast in the matter of "iiiglier education," and an earnest and zealous worker in the cause. He often visited the school and spoke words of encouragement to teachers and scholars. He lived to see the " new system" firmly established and in successful operation. Mr. Charles K. Willmer, the successor of Mr. Porter, served sixteen years as a member of the Board, for five of which he was its President. A man of fine executive ability and large business experience, he. History of Montclair Township. 117 directed the affairs of tlie school witii consuininate ability and tact, and gave great satisfaction to his associates and to the whole coninuinity. Dr. C. H. Marvin rendered faithfnl and efficient service, as a member of the Board of Trustees, for nine years, and during 1S90 and IS'.tl was President of the Board. Mr. John R. Howard, the present incumbent, was elected in 1892. Ilis acceptance of the position was gratifying to every one interested in the cause of education. He has a national reputation as a writer and publisher, and since his residence in i[ontclair, has been active in promoting its moral and intellectual growth, having been prominently identitied with the several organizations having this object in view. The erection of the new school building, and the various iui])rovements in connection therewith, liave all been accomplished during his administration. The citizens of Montclair — even those who have no children to reap the benefit — have given their hearty co-operation and have cheerfully borne the burden of increased taxation — knowing that others were benefited thereby— and that every dollar sjient Iti the cause of education would in time eidiance the value of their property through the increase of population. Persons living at a distance from Montclair have acquired a residence here for tiie purpose of giving their children the benefit of its superior educational advantages usually obtainable only at expensive private institutions. Randall Spauldino. The present efficiency and high standing of the schools of Montclair is due to the untiring efforts ing a perioi of nearly a methods by which this has fully set forth in the his- township, and require no his life. While he inherit- that conduced to his suc- he encountered and over- special means by which Both his paternal and nia- among the early Puritans The origin of the name from .ynill, meaning slioul- Tlie name originated in battles were fought hand sword on the coat of arms The motto Ijorne on tlie Edwai'd Siiaulding, the land to the Massachusetts Braintree, where he was Tie had a son, Andreiv, Deacon I mac, born in moved toTownsend,Mass. tied is still in the hands of signed a petition for pro- December 31, 1740. He in Townsend, August 14, of Mr. Spaulding, covei'- quarter of a century. The been accomplished are tory of the schools of this repetition in this sketch of ed numy of the qualities cess, the difficulties which came in early life were the this was accomplislied. ternal ancestors were of New England, of Spaulding is said to be der, and diny, to strike. the ^riddle Ages, when to hand. The two-handed justifies this statement, arms is ^^Ilinc niilii salus." ancestor, came from Eng- Colony and settled in made a freeman in 1*j40. who was the father of Chelmsford, 1710, who The farm on which he set- the Spaulding family. He tection against the Indians, had a son, Benjamin, born RANDALL sl'AlLIiI.N 1743, who was "successful in xrhoul teach'iwj^' which occupation was followed by three of his daughters, lie was known as " Lieut. Benjamin," and served (probably) in the War of the Revolution. He had a son known as " Capt. Isaac,'^ born in TowiLsend, December 24, 177'.*. Tlie latter was the father of Daniel. US History of Montci.air Township. Daniel Spanlding, son of Capt. Isaac, was born in Townsend. He carried on a farm, and was the master of three or four trades, principally that of a cooper. He was a man of considerable in- genuit}' and skill, and was fairly successful. He married Lucy W. Clement, daughter of John Clement, of Townsend. Randall Spaulding, son of Daniel and Lucy ^Y. (Clement) Spanlding. was born in Townsend, Middlesex Co., Mass., Feb. 3, lS-i5. He evidently inherited his fondness for books and his capacity for teaching from liis great grandfather. He attended tlie district school nntil he was sixteen and then went to the Lawrence Academy, at Groton. where he had an uncle, who was a practicing physician. In order to raise funds to complete his preparatory course he was obliged to resort to mechanical employ- ment, and '■'■ strike from, the shoulder P The last winter he attended the academy he taught the district school in West Groton, and assisted occasionally at teaching in tlie academy. In all his efforts to acquire an education he was self-supporting, and paid all his own expenses. He entered Yale College in 1SG6, and was graduated in 1S70. He earned some money at college by '' coaching " students, but on com- pleting Iiis collegiate course he found himself $1000 in debt. He soon after obtained a position as teacher at Rockvilie, Conn., wliere he remained for three years, and not only paid off his old indelrtedness but accumulated a sufficient sum to enable him to make a trip to Europe, partly for pleasure, but mainly for tiie purpose of continuing his studies. He spent seven months at Gottingen, and was a few weeks at Heidelberg and parts of Italy, his course of study being principally history and the German language. On his return in 1874 he accepted an offer to take charge of the school in Montclair. He introduced many new features and raised the grade to meet the demands of the community for a higher system of education. He gradually worked tlie pupils up to his own standaixl, and induced tliem to remain another year in order to attain the requisite proficiency. He received the lieart}' co-operation of the parents, as well as the trustees, and others interested in the school. He secured the very best teachers that could be found for the various departments, and year by year he continued to advance to a higher standard, the trustees and taxpayers always keeping pace and meeting his own ideas with liberal appropriations, which culminated in 1893 with the finest and best equipped public school building in the State. All this lias been accomplished in a quiet way without friction, and with a steady forward move- ment. No man was ever more beloved by parents, ]nipils and teachers. He rules by love, yet there is no lack of discipline, and the usual methods of punishment are almost unknown in the several depart- ments of the school. Of the children it may be said, " He taught them the goodness of knowledge, They taught him the goodness of God." Many of his pupils who have grown to manhood and achieved success in the various walks of life, look back with pride to their aJma mater, and remember with gratitude and affection their faithful preceptor. Mr. Spaulding is one of the foremost educators in the State, and has done much to advance the cause of education in other parts of the country. He has been President of the Xew Jersey State Council of Education, of the Schoolmasters' Association of New York and vicinity, of the Schoolmasters' Clul) of New York and vicinity, and was formerly President of the State Teachers' Association of New Jersey. Mr. Spaulding has added largely to his stock of general iiifoimation in his travels during his summer vacations. In the summer of 1883 he visited Arizona in company with Dr. II. H. Rusby, partly on behalf of the Smithsonian Institution, and made a large collection of plants indigenous to that locality. Besides obtaining a large variety of those well known to naturalists, he collected some thirty new species, to which no reference has hitherto been made by naturalists. The information thus acquired has been utilized to good advantage in his professional labors. A similar trip was made in 1880 among the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. As a pastime Mr. Spaulding has done some excellent work as an amateur photographer, and has History of Montclair Township. 119 made a large collection of views of the many places of interest he has visited. In 1888 he visited Great Britain and made a collection of photos for the nse of lantern slides in stereoptieon exhibitions. He is the author of "First Lessons in Amateur Photography,'' published in 1885, a work highly appreciated by amateurs in this art. Accounts of his travels abroad have been given at different times through the local papers, and read witli a great deal of interest. In addition to the other societies and organizations referred to, Mr. Spaulding is a member of the First Congregational Church of Montclair, and of the Congregational Club of New York. He has been twice married; first, in IST-l-, to Miss Florence A. Chapman, who died in 1SS9, leaving two children, viz., Kaymond C. and Edith R. ; secondly, to A[iss Sarah L. Norris, of Hyde Park, Mass. The Washingtox Sciiih)i. Hodsk, Erected in 1825, for the education of mill children on Sunday, at the west end of the jiresent townshij*, continued to be used for sciiool pur[)Ofes after the close cif the mills and tiie departure of the mill operatives. The settlement remained, and the population of this neighliorhood increased. The schools at the west end of the town were located at too great a distance to enable those at the east end to avail themselves of its advantages, and tliis eventually became a separate school district. Isaac B. I •^^'Hk Wheeler, son of Gideon Wheeler, taught in this school » iriW^ ,_■ I fy,. a time. A new frame building, capable of accom- '•Jt modating the large increase of children in this locality, ."jI was erected, and ample facilities provided. vKtt iHK U V-MlNi PKIVATK SCHOOLS. For more than a ipiarter of a century before the .i:,'itation of '' higlier education " for free schools began, Bloomfield and West IJloomfield were noted for their private institutions of learning, and some of the most |prominent men in the country — divines, physicians, lawyers and statesmen, were prepared for college at. one or the other of these well-known schools. From 1810 to ls;}S the Bloomtield Academy was considered one of the best preparatory schools in the State of New Jersey. In the origin and maintenance of that academic and theological institution, Israel Crane and other prominent men of West Bloomtield were greatly interested. With such preceptors as Anizi Lewis, Jr., John Ford, Rev. Humphrey M. Ferine, Rev. Amzi Armstrong, D.D., and his son. Rev. William J. Armstrong, Albert Pearson, and Dr. Edwin Hall, strong college-bred men, of profound erudition and theological force, this Academy overshadowed the more common education in that part of the town. At the beginning it was financially supported by a Society for the Promotion of Literature, composed of the strong men of the town, and after Dr. Armstrong assumed the financial support by the social and moral aid of the people throughout the Presbyterian parish, Samuel Hanson Cox, and other young men from the Academy, conducted religious services in the second story of the West Bloomtield School-house. MoixT Prospkct Ixstitutk. — This building, now known as the Mountain House, situated on Bloom- field Avenue, near the dividing line between Montclair and Verona, was opened as a boarding-school for boys, about 1838, by Mr. Warren S. Holt. He had previously taught in the public school, where he acquired the reputation of a good teacher, especially in mathematics. His aim was to establish a sti'ictly private school, with a limited number of puj)ils who, while en joying the best educational advantages, would at the same time receive a thorough moral and religious training. He had also a separate department for 120 History of Montci.air Township. yoiini;; ladies. His system of education met witli the liearty a])proval of his patrons, but did not prove a financial success, and in 1844 lie gave ii|i his school, and became assistant to James H. Ruiidall, at the Bloomtield Academy. lie remained with this institution for about two years, when he reopened Mount Prospect Institute, which he conducted successfully for some years. A circular issued by him about this time states that — " The School is located in West Bloomtield, N. J., fifteen miles distant from New York Cit}', and six from Newark, upon a commandiufj eminence of 800 feet above the level of the ocean, from which a clear view is obtained of New York, Brooklyn, the Bay, and the surrounding countiy. This location, for rctiicment, health, salubrity of atmosphere, and I)eauty of mountain scenery, is not surpassed by any in the country. It is easy of access, having direct communication with New Yoi-k four times a day. The object of this institution is to prepare Young Gentlemen for entering college, or a business life, by a thorough and systematic course of instruction. Tiie Principal does not desire a large school, but a select nundier of jiujiils, well disciplined, and willing to be guided in the paths of virtue and usefulness. In order to secure and retain desirable members of this School no vicious or unprincipled boy is received, and no one retained in the School whose influence is immoral or in anv way injurious to his associates. MOUNTAIN HOUSE, FORMERLY MOUNT I'ROSPECT INSTITUTE. The pupils enjoy the comforts of a home in the family of the Principal, being invited to the parlor, where they associate with other members of the family and those who frccjuently visit the institution. "The government of the School is conducted on strictly religious principles, and the pupils are controlled by appeals to their moral feelings, rather than by fear of punishment. The Bible is the standard of morals, and each pujul is reijuired to study it daily ; also to attend church with the Principal on the Sabbath." The school was divided into sessions of five months each, commencing on the first of May and November. The charges for board and tuition in tlie English branches and Mathematics were from if'iO to §4.5 per quarter; in the Latin and (Ti-eek languages, $.5(> — extra for the French, German or Spanish language, §5; Drawing and Painting, each §5; Music, with the use of the Piano, §10. The circular states that : " Ijeing desirous of securing a proper degree of conespondence in dress, and prevent some of the evils arising from different styles of clothing in the same family, a uniform dress has been adopted for the School." This was as follows: "The coat and pantaloons of very dark blue cloth ; the coat single-breasted, to button to the throat, with ten gilt buttons, two upon the collar, placed three inches back — the collar to turn ovei-, with the corners round. History of Montci.air Townsiiii'. 121 " For siiinmer, the dress suit is darlc hlne coat ami white pantaloons. That for common nse siiould lie gray, made of the material known as ' vontli's inixt.' For very warm weather, brown linen or drilling." Ashland Il.vi.r.. — Kev. David A. Frame, who for twu years, 1S44-.1. had tuen the Princi]»al of Uloomtield Ai-adeni}-, moved his school from that place to his residence in West Bloomtield (now known as"('helsea Hall." a hotel or hoard ingdiouse, <>n Ijloomfield Avenue). Under the name of "Ashland Hall." a '• Family Boarding School for Boys." this institution flourished for some fifteen years, attracting wide attention for its many excellent ipialities, and drawing i>atrons from all sections of the country. The pupils were limited to thirty — and no day scholars taken. Its discipline and studies were designed to prepare lads to enter intelligently and unembarrassed upon the duties of any class in college, and to discharge wisely and reputably the prospective duties of a goorl Americ-.in citizen. William L. Ward, -Nf. I)., now an eminent physician in Newark, was the associate teacher till 1^47. when he was followed by Henry B. Munn, Esq., of Silas (ITsd), now of Wa.-hington, 1). ('., who continued as principal assistant till l^'yJ. Others were associated with and follf)wed him. Hon. Charles M. Davis, afterward County Superintendent of Schools; tlie late Kev. 11. IJ. Timlow, D.D., atid Prof. John Lowry, now of I>eiiapee College, Tenn., were among the number. The average number of pupils was al»out the lindt — thirty. They came from the neighboring towns and States, as well as from a distance. Cidja, Texas, New Orleans and Georgia had their repre- sentatives. About twenty per cent, became college graduates, and about fifty per cent, entered some one of the learned professions. Hon. A. M. Bliss and Hon. Edward Morton became members of Congress. Hon. Sam. L. Bigelow, Attorney General of Now Jersey. Gen. Schuyler Crosby, of New York, and Judge Arnoux, with his two l)rothcrs, were also among the pupils. The domestic atlairs of the school were presided over by Mrs. Frame, wife of the principal, a lady of the most gentle manners, religious life, and of large experience in circles of the most cultivated and refined society. The presiding genius of the school was its principal, the Rev. David A. Frame. He irave it the characteristics that attracted general attention. Kkv. David .\. Fkamk was born in Bloomfield, in Iso,",. His )iarents, of good I'resbyter iaii stock, came from the North of Ireland, shortly after their marriage, about the time of the disastrous Irish rebellion of 179S, along with many others. They had two sons, William and David. The former became a clerk for Israel Crane, in his store in West Bloomtielil. He develojjcd remarkable business ability, and for many years was the senior partner in the leading mercantile house of Bloomfield, and sub- sequently became SherilT, filling the office from 1S40 to 1849. David became a clerk in the store of Israel Holms, of Belleville, along with the late William II. Brant, of that ])lace. After leaving the store he re- turned to Bloomfield, and learned the trade of a carpenter. Bec(iming a member of the Presbyterian Church he decided to obtain a collegiate education and enter the ministry. In 1829 he entered Princeton College, which he left in 18:^<2, with the reputation of a brilliant and elo(pient sjieaker, to commence his theo- logical studies in Aul)urn Seminary, N. Y . Subserpiently he preached in Binghamton, in that State, in Connecticut, and in Morris County, N. .1. His close application in the preparation of his sermons, coupled with an intense earnestness in tlieir delivery, at length brought on a partial stroke of paralysis. From its efTects he never entirely recovered, but regained sufficient of his old health and strength to enter upon other duties, and to preach occasionally. In 1841 he took charge of the Bloomfield Academy, succeeding as principal the late William K. McDonald, of Newark, N. J. His administration was very successful, but in 1845, finding himself not in accord with the controlling interests of the Academy-, he moved his school to West Bloomfield, locating in a building of his own, i>urchased some years previously, and which had been fitted up for the purpose. This he named ''Ashland Hall,"' and there continued his school with eminent success, until ill-health caused him to give up the responsibilities of its further care and management. He was much beloved and highly esteemed by his pupils. His government *' was decided and uniform, with no excessive 122 History of Moxtci.air Township. iiululgeiiee on the one hand or indurating severity on tlie otlier." Wliile ineniliers of his school, he took tlie keenest interest in their studies, and when tliey left he followed them in after-life, with almost parental solicitude. He died at his residence Sept. 24, 1879. When his death was announced in the papers it was truly said: " Mr. Frame will be remembered by all who ever heard him in the pulpit as a preacher of singular and thrilling eloqiieuce. He was a writer of high excellence, chaste and simple in diction, and a vivid thinker. His impassioned delivery gave his sermons the utmost effect and left an impression not easily lost. In later years increasing deafness shut him off to a great extent from the social intercourse which he loved and which his genial nature, literary culture, connnauding memory and conversational powers tilled him conspicuously to adorn." Hillside Semixaey fou Yorxo Ladies. — What is now known as the " Hillside" or " Montclair House," corner of Orange and Hillside Avenues, was opened for a girls" school al)out 18.55, by Kev. Ebenezer Cheever, formerly pastor of the Second Presbyterian Cliureh of Newark. l)Ut then residing in Paterson. There was at that time no house anywhere on the mountain side west of the Hillside House, except the residence of '• Squire John ^lunn," since transformetl into the tasteful mansion of Seelye Benedict. Hillside Avenue and ^Mountain Avenue, as far as Hillside, liad tii'st been thrown open, but was still unworked and nntraveled, and the former (juite iuqjassable. Henry Nason, whose untiring en- ergy contributed so largely to the upbuilding of Mont- clair in its early days, began, not long after, the erec- tion of the stone building at the head of Hillside .V venue, taking the stone from the cliffside, in the rear of the premises, and bringing all other needed Miaterial over the sod on Montclair Avenue. This afterward became the property of Nahum Sullivan. The mountain side was still in a somewhat wihl state, as is indicated by the aeeomjianying illustration. The ii|iossum, weasel or owl were occasionally caught mak- ing a raid in the chicken yard of Hillside Seminary, and coveys of quail were nut infre(piont around the HILLSIDE SEMINAKY K(1R YOlNli LAllIES. , ', ^, ,. barn or alonu; the fences. The Pev. ^Ir. Cheever carried on successfully a girls' school there for aliout four years. From 1859 to 1872, it was kept as a hoarding and day school by Rev. and Mrs. A. P. Wolfe, both of whom had been previously connected fur some years with the '" Spingler Institute for Young Ladies," on Union Square, New York City. The Hillside Seminary, under their supervision, became one of the most popular and flourishing institutions of the kind in tlie State. Among the last graduates were a daughter of the Pev. Oliver Crane, D.D., a daughter of Jo.seph Doremus, a daughter of George G. Draper, and a daughter of Mr. E. C. Fuller, the present Collector of the township. A large number from the families of the early residents of Montclair were graduates, all, for a time, pupils of Hillside Seminary. Among the patrons were found the old time names of Nason, Hening. Graham. Graves, Sullivan, Benedict, Frame, Harris, Baldwin, Crane, Morris, Seymour, Hubbard. Musgrave, Wiedemeyer, Wilcox, Dwight, Holmes, Pratt, Pinney, Clark, Wolde, Elliott, as well as many of the township of Bloomfield, almost all of whom have now passed away. In its boarding department, Ilillcide Seminary bad a fair and encourag- ing patronage, not only from the surrounding towns and States, but fi-om the cities of New York and Brooklyn, even including San Francisco, St. Louis, Baltimore, Washington and Tallahassee. It did good work, which its living pupils continue to appreciate, and which will never be lost. Although it is more than twenty years since Mr. Wolfe and bis estimable wife closed the doors of the Seminary, they have continued ti.i reside in ^luntclair, tiiiding it one of the most delightful spots in New Jersey for suburban residence. History of Montci.air Township. 123 The old house has haeii converted into a suiiiiiu'r liotd. where liini; previonsly settled in the New Haven Colony. His name is found among the Branford settlers who signed the " Fundamental Agreement." Rev. A. R. Wolfe, in his early youth, was a schoolmate of Rev. Tlieddore L. Cnyler. at I'nde Ezra Fairchild's famous " Hill-Top School," in ^[endhani. He pui"sued hi.s preparatory studies at Lanisl)orough. Ma.^s., and was graduated at Williams College in the cla.-js of 1S44. The next eleven years. Union Theological Semi- in teaching anil preaching When he left Florida. he put all his effects — li- that sort — on board a sail- and with a simple grip- way of Nashville and Clii- York he learned that, nii ing, the vessel had been mate killed at the foot of laden with turpentine, edge. He looked upon dence of God, sha])ing hi> for it nuide him a teacher a pa.stor of a church, sociated with Rev. Dr. Spingler Institute for S <] n are, in New Ycrk married to Lanra F. Jack- tution, daughter of Luther York. Hi is.j'.ihe remov- and established the Hill Ladies, which he conduct- ness and sncceess fur thir- Alr. Wolfe is the author which were published in books. KKV. AARO.N ROUERTS WOLFK. including his course in the n:n-y, IS-J-S-.")!, were spent in Florida. in the summer of IS.55, brary. notes, and things of ing vessel at St. Marks, sack returned North by cago. On reaching New the day appointed for sail- struck by lightning, the the mast, and the vessel, !i limed to the water's this as a special l'n)vi- life and fixing his home, of the young rather than In ls.5.^ he became as- (iorhani D. Abbott, in the Young Ladies, on Union City. In 1S58 he was son, a teacher in this iiisti- .lackson, Esq., of New ed to West Bloomfield. side Seminary for ^'oiiiig ed with eniinent useful- teen years, of a number of hvnins. •('hiiich Melodies," " Songs for the Sanctuary," and other well-known hymn Mr. Wolfe is still living (ISflJ) near the scene of his early labors, on Hillside Avenue, Montclair. Of his four children — three sons and a daughter — one is preaching in Iowa; another is Professor of Latin in Park College, ^[issoui-i. Monk i.Aii: Militaev Acadkmv. In the spring of 1867 certain prominent citizens of Montclair — Mr. Thomas Russell, Mr. E. G. Burgess, Mr. E. A. Bradley and others — determined to secure a competent instructor for their sons, so that it wouid not be neces.sary to send them to the public school. After careful consideration they engaged the services of J. G. Alac Vicar, giving him a guarantee of ten papiLs and granting him the privilege of increasing the number if jjossihlc. 124 History of Montclair Township. At this time Mr. Mac Vicar was in liis Senior year in Rocliestei- Uiiiveisity. lie had dnriiio; his college con r.^e taught three years in tlie ]>iil)lic sclioois in Micliigan; the last two years being Superin- tendent of the Union City sclioois, where he had seventeen teachers under his direction. Coming to Montclair directly after his graduation in June, he purchased a small huilding which he placed on rented land on Clinton Street. The school opened with sixteen pupils, hut before the end of the year the number had increased to twenty-four. It then became evident that the school would outgrow its present accommodation. The gentlemen who first engaged Mr. Mac Vicar offered to assist in the purcliase of land and the i J " MONTCLAIR MIUIARY ACADEMY. erection of a suitable school building. The site on Waiden Place, west of Bloomtield Avenue and 7iorth of Mountain Avenue, was selected and three and one half acres of land ])urcliased. Tiie building erected here is intended to accommodate 100 boys, and is very eoniplete in all its a])pointments. Special atten- tion was paid to the question of ventilation, light and heat, and six years of service have proved the perfection of the plans adopted. A large ])hysical laboratory is a special feature of the building, and gi'cat stress is laid on practical instruction in the sciences. Two years later additional land was purchased and a large gymnasium sixty feet square was erected and equipped in a most complete manner. The building is provided with reading and music rooms, lockers, and hot and cold baths in the basement. History ok Moxtci.aik TowNsiiir, 125 FniiTi tliis time the same carofnl attention was given to tlie pliysit-al developincnt of the pujiiLs tli:it had ciiar.icterized the mental training. The Ilarvanl system of piiysical examination and measure- ments was adopted, and a careful record kept of the physical defects and the development of each pupil. Mr. E. B. De Groot, the physical instructor, devotes his entire time to directing this work among the hoys. Classes are organized and each cadet is required to spend one half liour each day in the gymnasium. The work is as thoroughly systematized as any other department in the school. At about the time the gymnasium was built the school was organized on a military basis. This change was determined upon after a careful inspection of the Ijcst private schools in the vicinity of New- York, and the results obtained amply justify this change in policy. Erect carriage, promptitude and obedience have been the natural results. The principal is a strong believer in what might be termed CAUF.TS AT FOOTIIALI. EXEKCISK. individual instruction. He believes that the peculiarities and natural tendencies of each pupil should be studied by his teachers and his future treatment thus determined. For this reason the classes are all small, seldom exceeding ten. The devcloi)mcnt of a strong moral character is considered of the same imiiortance as a sound physical and mental training. For the last three years a boarding department has been conducted in connection with the school, and plans are now being matured for enlargement in this direction. Three acres of land have just been purchased west of the school grounds, and a large building, with accommodation for the priiicipars family and thirty cadets will soon be erected. The school has had steady increase in the number of pupils since its fir.st organization, and its future seems assured. It has been the o(rcasion of brinirinir to ^fontclair some of its most honored residents. 126 History of Montclair Township. FREE PUBLIC LIBRAEY. In 1809 the population of Montclair, still called AVest Bloonifield, numbered abont 2,500. A good High School, as already named, had been established on a iirni footing, and was prosperous under the management of Mr. John W. Taylor, principal. But there was no library attached to the school, and there were no boolcs for I'eference or enter- tainment to be obtained either by students or tlieir parents. In some measure to supply this need, Mr. and Mrs. Israel Crane, just settled in their cottage home on FuUerton Avenue, resolved to interest as many friends and residents as conld be approached in the formation of a snbscription library. In this enterprise they were ably assisted by Mr. and Mrs. John W. Taylor. Tlirough the efforts thus made thirty families Ijecame subscribers, which innnlier, at that period, represented a goodly portion of the people. Initiatory stei)S for the organization of a library association were taken in the early part of 1869 ; the tirst meeting of the projectors was held at the house of Israel Crane, on the evening of February 23d of that year. There were ]iresent, J. W. Taylor, (ieo. S. Dwight, F. II. Harris, Samuel Wilde, W. A. Torrey, and Mr. and Mrs. Israel Crane. At this meeting a committee, consisting of Geo. S. Dwight, Israel C'rane and J. W. Taylor were ap|winted to draft a Constitution and l>y-Liws. This committee reported at a meeting held March f), 1809, when a permanent organization was effected, and the following officers elected : I'resident, Geo. S. Dwight; Vice-President, F. H. Harris ; Secretary, .T. W. Taylor; Treasurer, Israel Crane. Directors: Samuel AVilde, ^V. A. Torrey, T. B. Graham, Mrs. Israel Ciane, Mrs. J. W. Taylor. An annual subscriptinn of ^;'>.0i) entitled subscribers to membership, and to the use of all books and periodicals. Tiie nucleus of a liljrary was formed by the purchase of about a hundred books, which were jjlaced in the care of Mr. Betzler, in his drug store on Bloomtield Avenue. The books were read witli avidity, and the number of subscribers and of books increased so I'apidly that it was thought advisable to remove the lii)rary to larger (puirters. Accordingly on April 11, 1871, the books were transferi'cd to the i'illsbury Building, on the southeast corner of Fullerton and Bloomtield Avenues. During the winter of 1870-1, a charter was obtained from the Legislature under the name and style of "The ilontclair Library Association." This charter provided tor the issuance of stock to the amount of iifty thousand dollars, at ten dollars a share. Through the personal efforts Mr. Israel Crane alone, five thousand of this amount was subscribed, of which $2,700 was paid in. The following persons were elected Directors under this charter, viz. : Julius H. Pratt, Mrs. Edward Sweet, Mrs. Israel Crane, F. II. Harris, J. R. M. Ileniiig, Rev. J. B. Harrison, Samuel Wilde and W. II. Van Slyke. The ffrst officers were : President, Dr. J. J. H. Love ; Vice-President, Samuel AVilde ; Secretary and Treasurer, Israel Crane. Library Connnittee appointed i)y Directois: Mrs. Israel Crane, Rev. I). S. Rodman, Rev. J. R. Berry, D.D. The duties of the Library Connnittee were most arduous. The annual subscriptions were only sufficient to cover the running expenses, and it devolved upon this committee to provide funds for the purchase of books. All additions to the library were made either by donations of books, or by means of jniblic entertainments, which last M'ere devised and snjwrintended by Mrs. Israel Crane. Lectures, concerts, tahleaux, and the tii'st amateur theatricals ever given in jNIontclair, were gi\en under her patronage aiul suggestion during successive winters, always with the cordial assistance of public sjiirited meini)i'rs of the library association and of the residents at large. These entertainments contributed much to tiie social enjoyment and growth of Montclair. P>y these means many hundi'eds of dollars were raised and in a few years the innnber of volumes was increased to two thousand. The last im]iortant entertaimnent given for the library was a large Lawn Fete and Supper held, by Ids generous consent, on History of Moxtci.air Township. 127 tlie beautiful lawns of Mr. Tiiomas Riissfll. in September, 1870. $350 was raised on that occasion. In Jtilv, 1871, a lot was leased from Mr. N. (). Piilsburv. free of cliarge, on the site of the present Baptist t'hureli, and a liuildinj; erected at a cost of s1,7ters thereof, voting on this act at any election at which the question of its adoption shall be submitted to vote by direction of the legiskitive body of such town or township, etc., either at the time fixed by law for election of the nninicii)al affairs, or at a special election to be held ft)r that ]>urpose,"" etc. Section 3 requires, "That if at such an election aforesaid a majority of all tiic ballots cast sliall lie • for a free pulilic library," it shall become the duty of the legislative body of said town, township, etc., annually thereafter to appropriate and raise by tax in the same manner a-> other taxes are assessed, levied and collectep]irf)priated, shall be u.seil for no other purpo.se than that of a free |Miblic library." Section 4 reipiire.-. •' That the board of trustees of the free public library shall be inimediatelv formed in any town, town.ship, etc, where a majority of the votes cast shall be 'fi>r a free |>ublic librarv," (■(insisting of five members, one of whom shall be the chairman of the legislative body of such town, etc., and one the [)resident of the board of education, and three to \r. Richard C. Newton and Mr. John R. Howard. The chairman of the Town Committee is by law a member e-x-o/ficio ; and so would be the president of the Board of Education, if the town at large had such a body, but it has only local Boards of the several school districts. The trustees appointed to find suitable quarters finally decided on the second story of Dr. Love's detached two-story brick office building on Church street, next door to the Montclair Club, as the safest and most convenient location for the purpose in the town. Dr. Love, who was president of the Board, thereupon thought it his duty to resign — much to everybody's regret ; and Mr. William E. Marcus was appointed in his place, and elected president of the Board, Dr. Newton being the clerk — that is to say, secretary and treasurer. " The making of a library in the present day, when the vocation of librarian has become a profession and the art of administering a library has been organized into a science, is a very different thing from the happy-go-lucky way of former years. The thorough classification of books, the admirable advice of card catalogues, the many labor- and time-saving inventions, the accurate records, etc., all need special trained intelligence for the best result. And as the Public Library in this fast -growing town is sure to be a large and important one, the trustees felt that the best beginning would in the end be the cheapest. •' Having secured quarters, which have been put in good order, the Board provided furniture and fixtures of 128 History of Montci.air TowNsiiir. thoroughly solid and workmanlike character — shelving, tables, chairs, card-catalogue case, counter, desk, etc. — and engaged the services of Miss Mary F. Weeks as librarian. Miss Weeks has had years of training and considerable practical experience in the work of a professional librarian, and brought to the work an interest that no stranger in the town would have. " The old Montclair Library Association, a private corporation, had about 1,500 books, which for some years had been in use as a public library in the Central Public School-house. These books they have placed in charge of the new Public Library and will probably present them out and out. The books were all covered with paper wrappers ; but as that is one of the old customs discarded in the new way. Miss Weeks has for some time been working at the books with the assistance of Miss Agnes Judson, uncovering them, repairing, arranging, entering in the ' accession book,' cataloguing, pasting on the numbers and shelf-labels and classifying them on the shelves. The reception of many books at once entails much of this preparatory labor, which results in convenience and time-saving when the library comes into use. And old books demand more time and care than new ones. " When these are disposed of, the Trustees intend to go to the people, asking for donations of other books — new or old, but good. No one is to be asked to give a book that no one will want to read ; but many families have many books — duplicates, books out-grown or not needed any more, etc., which will be valuable in a library, and doubtless all who care for the Library at all will be glad to help it in this easy way. Others wiil take the opportunity of presenting new copies of favorite books or sets, and every book given will bear the name of its donor." On June 2!*, 1893, tlie directors of the ^[ontclair Lil)rary AssDciation hold a meetiinj; an5, containing corridors, cloak rooms, and four class rooms and teachers' rooms. It cost, including land, $18,802.1:8. Four teachers are occupied in giving instruction in primary studies to an average daily attendance of 138, the enrollment being 171. Ckdae Stkeet Pri.mary School House, built in 1889-9(». Tins is a one and one-half story wooden building, with hall, two class rooms and two recitation i-ooms. It cost, including land, $7,lu3.32. The enrollment of pupils is 71, and the average daily attendance, 55, All primary; employ two teachers. Both of these schools belong to School District Xo. 8, and are under the same management as the Centre Primary, Grammar and High Schools. Chapter XIII. MUNICIPAL AND BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS, SOCIETIES, CLUBS, Ere. \'n.r..v(iE Improvemext Society. — Moxtclair Fire Department. — The Montci.aik Water Com- pany. — James Owen, Township Engineer. — The Press. — MoNrrLAiu Times, ArcusTis C. StCDER. — MoNTCI.AIR HeRAI.I), (t. ( '. EarI.E AND II. ('. WaI.KER. — UnITED StATES PRINTING Company; Joseph E. Hinds. — Bank ok Monitlair. — The AFontclair Savings Bank. — ■ Masonic Lodges: Bi.oomfiei.d LoixiE, No. 4(i, F. i\: A. Jf. ; ^foNTCi.AiK Lodge, No. 144, F. & A. M.— Watching Lodge, No. 134. I. O. O. F.— Geji. Siiermax Lodge, No. .51, A. O. [I. AV. — {^thee Secret and Benevolent Societie.s. — The Citizen.s' Commitiee of One Hun- dred. — Good Government Cuii. — Children's Home, Mrs. Samlel M. Porter. — Mointatn- siDE Hospital Association.— The ^[ontclair EgrESTRiAN Cuis. — ^[ontclair Club. — The Outlook Cluh. — Tariff Peform Cluh.— Moxtclair (ilee Cluh. — Montclair Dramatic Club. — Montclair Lawn Tennis Club. l-w^..^??H^ \ illa(;k imimiovk.mknt society. Ty'j^^y^AilY. beautiful slisulc trees wliicli adorn tlie streets of Montclair, and which have provi'd such an attraction to strangers, are the result of a few enterprising individuals who organized what was known as tlie Village Iin])rovenient Society. The first meeting of this society was held in Feliruary, iSlS, the object being, as stated, "to promote the planting of trees along the highway.s." At an adjourned meeting held on ilareh 27tli of that year, the following otHcers were elected: President. Thomas II. Porter; A'ice-Presidents, C. H. Johnson and Pliilip Doremus; Corresponding Secretary, Kandall Spaulding; Clerk, J. E. Hinds; Treasurer, Hiram B. Littcll. The following General Committee was ap]x>inted to promote the planting of trees along the several streets on which its members were residents: South Mountain Avenue, .Mr. Dike and Mrs. C. Benedict; North Mountain Avenue, ilr. \'an VIeck and Mrs. Power; Watchung Avenue, ^Irs. Ames and Mrs. A. Littlejohn; Bellevuc Avenue. Mrs. Bird and Mr. Clark; Grove Street, Samuel Holmes; North Valley Road, Mr. Wil>on and Miss Mead; Chestnut Street, Mr. Burgess and Mrs. Bradley; Claremont Avenue, Mr. E. il. Harrison and Miss A. Ilawes; Park Street, C. H. Johnson and Afiss ITattie Brown; North Fullerton Avenue. Anizi Sigler and Mrs. Hall; Forest Street, E. Madison and Mrs. Campbell; Old Uion was made for the protection of its inhabitants against fire. During this period there were occasional fires attended with serious loss of property. Projects were di.scussed looking to the organization of a fire company, but no definite action was taken. A fire occurred in the latter part of February, 18S0, involving a loss of over ^13,000, $7,000 of which was covered by insurance. It began in the Pillsbury building on Fullerton Avenue and was discovered soon after midnight. The Kindergarten School, with all its belongings, and the furniture, together with many of the books belonging to the Library Association, were destroyed. In October of the same year an efiV)rt was made to secure a fire department petitioned for by seventeen citizens, but nothing came of it. The final effort which was made two years later was successful. The details of this, togethei' with a complete history of the Montclair Fire Department, wei'e published in the MaiitcJair Iltrahl in 1 892-93, from which the following extracts are taken : "People who resided in Montclair in 1882 remember the big blaze which destroyed the hand- some residence of Thorndyke Saunders, causing a damage of s2H,000. Many readers will also remember the work they did at the fire trying to save the jilaee from total destruction. But it was in vain. With no water or tire apparatus their efforts were futile. It was after this that Montclairites realized the necessity of soine sort of fire department, and the exorbitant insurance rates impressed this need upon them until it was decided to do something toward moi-e adeipiate protection from the red-tongued fire fiend. "Through the efforts of Mr. A. B. Howe, Dr. Albert J. Wright and C. M. Schott, Jr., a meeting was held on November 28, 1882, at which Montclair Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1. was organized and the foUowing officers elected: C. M. Schott, Jr., (an ex-member of the Summerville, N. J., Fire Dejiart- ment) Foreman; George T. Westbrook, Assistant Foreman; Dr. Albert J. Wright (exempt member of Owego, N. Y. Fire Department) Secretary; Dr. J: H. Casey, Treasurer. The company was made up of many of the leading members of the township, the following persons being enrolled as members: W. L. Ludlam, W. Lou Doremus, Dr. S. C. O. Watkins, George Inness, Jr., George F. AVestbrook, F. A. Brautigam, W. Y. Bogle, J. C. Stevens, J. IL Wheeler, Dr. A. J. Wright, Edward Madison, J. 11. Casey, M.D., J. R. Livermore, Hugh Mullen, I. Seymour Crane, James Owen, A. C. Studer, C. M. Schott, Jr., Peter A. Tronson, Wm, L. Doremus, Jesse II. Lockwood, R. M. Ilening, E. ]M. Harrison, Jr., James McDonough, Ro])ert V>. Harris, W. A. Riker, Vaughn Darress. History of Moxrcr.AiR Township. 131 " Subscriptions were made hy tlie residents of the township wlio desired the ]irotection offered by ihe company and a trnck was purvhased. It arrived on April «>. iss;i, and was stored in tlie old engine liouse of tlie D. L. »S:. W. Railroad for over a year and remained in service nntil IS92. Ou April 24, 1SS3, articles of incoqwration were tiled. '•This company, which was the nndens of the fire department, was nnrccdiinized by the township or township authorities until March 11. lss4. when an appropriation of >(5U0 was voted for at the spring election, to be devoted to the building of a truck house. This building was enlarged in 1892 by the Township Committee and the rooms refitted and refurnished at the expense of the company, a pool table having been presented by George Inness, Jr. The same year a new trnck was built for the company at an exi)ense of sl,()00 by order of the Township Committee, and fully e(|uipped with all tlie modern a])pliances. This committee also provided hoi-ses and tlie company purchased a hanging double harness. " About this time (1SS4| the famous Chemical Detail was formed and the apparatus increased by the i)iirchase of a I'abcock Chemical Engine liy the comi>any. In July of the same year the Township Committee ordered the building of a bell tower, and the purclia.se of a bell. The tower is sixty-three feet in height, and the bell, weigliing 3,410 pounds, bears the following inscription : • Montclair, X. J., Fire Department. Township Committee. Thomas Unssfll, Pivsidont ; Stei)heii W. Carey, Warren S. laylor, A. Eiien Van Gieson, Shei)ard IJowland." "These additions were coni]>leted in August, and in Septemlier twelve tire districts wei'c established and the custom of ringing the fire bell at !» o'clock i-. m. was inaugurated. Through the efforts of the more progressive spirits among the members of tlie company, the District Fire Alarm and Messenger Cuinpany was formed and commenced operations in February. ISS.i. The company placed in position and operated twelve public alarm lioxes and also fire alarm bells in each subscribing fireman's residence. U'ant of support caused the failure of this company in .\ngust of the same year. During ]\Iarc]i of tiiat year the department's e<]uipnients remaineil the same excejit f(jr the arlditioii of a Tliimscy pump. The present ofKcers are: President, Franklin P. Zeiger; Vice-PreshK'nt, Walter K. Hunt; Secretary, Raymond S. Pearce; Treasurer, Harold W. Armstrong; Foreman, II. W. Armstrong; Assistant Fore- man. John C. Doremus." (Is98-4, membership. 32). FiuE Kelikf Association. — Many yeai-s ago the State Legislature passed an act providing that a two per cent, tax should be levied upon all foreign tire insurance companies doing business in this State, this fund being set apart for the benefit of firemen disabled in active service. It is for the ])urj)ose of collecting Montclair's share of this money, rendering it available for use here, and distributing it among those for whom it is intended, that the Relief Association has its existence. When the Hook and Ladder Company constituted the entire Fire Department of the township, they oi'ganized and incorporated the Fire Relief Association, Seiitember 17, 1883. When hose companies croppL'd into existence, it became necessary to reorganize, which was done September 4, 1885. The first officers were: President, FMwin I>. Goodell; Vice-President, C. M. Schott, Jr.; Secretary, E. M. Hening. Since this reorganization the goveniiiient of the Relief Association has been vested in representatives from all the tire companies, now including the Exempt Association. Every meuilier of the Montclair Fire Department is a member of the Association, and. iiulike members of benefit companies in general, are oliliged to pay no dues whatever, although every one enjoys an erjual benefit, and, again unlike the mutual enrichment companies, never fails to collect his benefits. The sick benefits are distributed by a Board of Visitoi-s composed of representatives of the different companies, and the wolf has been many a time driven from the door of some unfortunate fireman in distres.s, and unable, by reason of some injury, to work, by tlie intervention of this fireman's friend and guardian association. At the annual meeting of the Association held on December IIJ. ls'.t.3, officers for the ensuing year were elected as follows: President, A. J. A'arno ; Vice-President, Hugh Mullen; Secretary, W. Lou Doremus ; Treasurer, John E. Livermore. W. I. Soverel was elected as a visitor for three years. The l')oard of Visitors is now composed of John X. Haley, Peter A. Tronson and W. I. Soverel. The 132 History of Montci.air Township. previous year's financial report showed a very favorable condition of aifairs. Balance on hand Dec., 1S91, $-2,476.(50; receipts, 2 jier cent. State tax during year, $1,017.8, the following Fire Committee were appointed: 1. Seymour Crane (ex-Chief), Hugh Gallagher, and Chief Keller (ex-nfticio). with H. L. Yost, as Secretary. At the annual election in June, PhiHp Keller, Jr., was again re-elected Chief Engineer, and he appointed Wm.T. Meyers. Senior Engineer, and Jos. Jennings, Theo. Sigler and John 11. l>anks. District Engineers. Hose Comi-axy No. 1 was organized from the detail of Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 ('' the Chemical Detail "). ^farch 2-4, 1887 (names in italics, soon resigned), and the new company was incorporated on Deeemher i% of the same year. The original mcml)ers were (ieorge T. Bunten, Ivobert B. Harris, Elston M. Harnson, Philip Keller. Jr., William Oliver, George 11. Hayden, Jesse II. Lockwood, Frank B. li'ittrr, Josqjh Leist, W. ,1. Lcdresent home was completed aiul turned over to them by the Town- ship Committee, the furnishing, and all the eipiipments having been procured by the company. At the time of their taking possession a handsome silk flag was presented to the company by a number of ladies. A hose wagon wa-s sub.sequently secured, and all the motlern appliances ))rovided. The com- ])any's home is now one of the best appointed in the town. The hanging harne.-;s, and other appliances for •'getting out quick," give tiie place a wide-awake ap|)earance, and the mendiei-s are fully competent to do the work assigned them. In 1893 a comjiletely eipiippcd liose wagon was ordered by the Tnwn.ship Committee for the company. OtKcers: President, Jas. McDonough; Vice-President, Thos. P. Myers; Secretary, A. F. Smitli ; Treasurer. Elston M. Harrison; Foreman. E. E. Leach; As.tant Foreman, Fred'k E. Williams. ExcKLsioK IIosK Cumpa.ny No. •!. — This company was organized March 24, 1887 (incorporated January 3, 188.S), for the protection of the south end of the township. It was originally composed of twenty members, and the service ic has always rendered has commended it to the Montclair public and Won recognition and prai.se for it from all sides. The first officers elected were: President, William II. DeWitt ; Vice-President, William F. IlavilaiKl; Seeretary. F. II. Smith ; Treasurer, C. A Scholtz ; Foreman. Abner Bartlett, Jr.; A.ssi.stant Foreman. D. W. Ward. The first apparatus secured was a Rumsey four wheel h(jse cart purchased soon after organization at a cost of $4:.50, which was paid by subscription of the company and the residents of the South End. The townshi]) ap|)ropriated s:i(Mi with which to build a house for the company, and in this house, built at the corner of Orange Road and Cedar Avenue, the company still has its head(juarters, although a number of alterations have materially changed the aspect of the building since that time. For five years the company continued operations with the hand carriage, and then on June 1, 181)2, it was disposed of, and a ho.se cart and horse purchased from the Newark Fire Department. This apparatus is now in use, and the company is well equipped for active service. It was the fir.st to own a horse, and is the only company which has a man on duty at the hose hou.se at all hours of the day and night. In 1888 the company was presented with a 150 pound fire bell by Carlos A. Scholtz. The company has on its roll (1893-4), twenty memi^ers. Its present officers are: President, AVilliam H.Gallagher; Vice-President. William H. Williams; Secretary, Thos. B. Kaveny ; Treasurer, William T. Meyers; Foreman, W. W. ^leyers; Assistant Foreman, John \'an Ilandlyn. In 1893 a new hose wagon was ordered by the Township Committee for the service of the company. 13-i History of Montclaik Township. Washington Hose Company No. 3 was organized August 9, 1887, now located at the corner of Bloomtield Avenue and Grove Street. Officers : Foreman, John Pen-in ; Assistant Foreman, ]\Iicliael Clarence; President, Edward M. Coneannon ; Vice Presi(]ent, Jolm ]\I. Jennings ; Treasurer, Joseph Jennings. Twenty-tliree meml)ers, including officers. In Octoher the company received its t^ilshv two-wheeled jumper. This company was ineorjjorated January G, ISSS. The house was erected and occupied May, 1888. In 1803 a new house was hegun, a hose wagon ordered by the Township Committee, aud Mr. Geo. Inness, Jr., presented them with a horse. Present officers (1893—1): President, John Glennon ; Vice- President, John M. Smith; Secretary, James A. Durning; Treasurer, John N. Plaley; Foreman, Jos. Cavanaugh ; Assistant Foreman, Henry Muller. Membership, 25. Cliffside Hose Company No. i was organized Feb. 7, 1SS8, and incorpoi-ated Feb. 5, 1889. This is located at Upper Montclair on Bellevue Avenue and railroad crossing, with J. 5 members. The first officers were: C. H. Huestis, Foreman; AVm. B. Jacobus, Assistant Foreman; President, Irving Cairnes ; Vice-President, Frank Lord; Secretary, Frank P. Anderson; Treasurer, August J. Varno. The company's first apparatus was the old Eumsey pump and hose reel formerly used liy the Truck Co. A combination api)aratus, consisting of hose wagon with ladders and chemicals, built by Gleason & Bailey, were furnished by the town, and in 1SS9 the present house was built. Officers : President, Andrew J. Armstrong; Vice-President, Frank Lord; Secretary, John Mancini ; Treasurer, L. L. Howe; Foreman, Louis A. Mancini: Assistant Foreman, Walter II. A. Maynard. Present membership, 25. Association of Exempt Firemen of the Township of MoNiCLAiR, X . J. — Organized Nov. 2-i, 189 ! . Incorporated Dee. 12, 1891. President, John 11. Liverinore; Vice-President, Wm. L. Doremus; Treasurer, Jesse H. Lockwood ; Secretary, F. A. Brautigam; Trustees, P. A. Tronson, C. M. Scliott, Jr.; G. F. Westbrook, Wm. Y. Bogle, Geo. Inness, Jr. The membership is confined exclusively to the exemjit members of the Montclair Fire Department. FiKE Alakm. — An electric fire alarm system was completed in the autumn of 1892, and fifteen boxes placed in convenient localities tlu-oughout the township. A map of the township, with the location of hydrants and fire alarm boxes indicated, was compiled by Dr. A. J. Wright, the well known dentist. These, togetlier with full instructions, were printed on heavy white cardboard by the publishers of the Montclair Herald at their own expense for free distribution. In 1893 the system was extended by the addition of 17 boxes, making a total of 32. ADDENDUM. This historical sketch covered the time to the fall of 1893, but as many changes in the way of improvement have occurred since that time, it necessitates a brief addition. The previous account shows that the houses occupied by the companies, the bell and hose tower the electric fire alarm system, all fire apparatus now in use, and the team used by the truck, are the property of the Montclair Fire De]iartment, while the house furnishings, the horses used by Hose Companies 1, 2 and 3, and the ecpiipments of the members, are company or individual property. LTiu.ler the present government, each company is detailed to answer calls from certain boxes, on first, second or third alarms (the Exempts respond to the third); and, in addition, a code of .special calls, covering each company, police aiul ambulance, are in u.se. In the spring of 189±, at a special election held for that purpose, it wa~ decided by the voters of Montclair to change the form of government from a township to a town, and in June. 1891, all of the new officials, both elective and appointive, will be in charge. This will be a most important change to the Montclair Fire Department, in that the Fire Committee will be succeeded by a Board of Fire Commissioners, composed of five members, who are appointed by the To^vn Council, who will have full charge of all matters affecting the department. History of Montci.air Township. 135 So, gradually tlie familiar features of tlie old style volunteer fireman's organization are disap- pearing, and it becomes more modern everv dav; so tliat this town will soon practically enjoy the services of a model, modern fire department, .second to none in the State and the ecpial of the paid city depart- ments for efficacy, at a very slight cost. THE MONTCI.AIi; WATER COMPANY. The Montclair Water Company was incorporated on the 13tli day of January, 18S7, niider the laws of the State of Xew Jersey, for the purpose of supplying water to the Township of ^fmitclair, anrs and officers of the Company are AVhiting (i. Snow. President; .John II. liartlett. Treasurer; Albert P. Fisher, Secretary; Kdwin A. Hradley and Jasper li. Hand. These gentlemen were the first directors and officers of the Comjiany, and are still serving the Company in those capacities. A contract with the Township of Montclair, to .-u])|)ly it with water, within nine months from the date of its execution, was made on tlie Tjth day of !March, 1SS7. To comply with this contract, after the necessary surveys and estimates had been made, a contract, to build the works, was made !iy the Company with Messrs. Tarr it McXamee, contractors, on the 29th 0 gallons per day. Two new boilers were also purchased of 180 horse powei", and, with a new stack, have been jilaced in position. The old pum])s have been taken out of the well and placed in a pit specially prepared for them_ which gives the plant a total capacity of 3,500, OtH) gallons ])er day. The boiler and puiii}) have also been enlarged. The following statements will .show the increase of the Company's business during the last six years : Miles of Watkr Pipe Laid. During and to the year ending Dec. 31, 188S. .24^'^% miles During the year ending December 31, 18S9.. 1/5% " 31, 1S90.. lyVn " 31, 1S91.. 4yVij " 31. 1892.. 2{^j; •• 31, 1S93.. 3/J'j " Total to January i, 1894. .38/5'^ " NuMKER OF Fire Hydrants. During and to the year ending Dec. 31, 1888 223 During the year ending December 31, 1S89 15 " " "31, 1S90 12 31. 1891 19 31, 1S92 iS 31. 1S93 16 Total to January i, 1S94 303 Number of Consumers Added. During and to the year ending Dec. 31, 18SS 361 During the year ending December 31, 1889 193 31, 1890 169 31. 1S91 250 " " 31, 1892 iSi 31, 1893 187 Number of Taps Made. During and to the year ending Dec. 31, 1S8S 377 During the year ending December 31, 18S9 180 " " " 31, 1890 160 " " " 31, 1891 151 " " " 31, 1S92 200 " " 31, 1S93 102 Total to January i. 1S94 11 70 Averac.e Daily Consumption of Water. During and to the year ending Dec. 31, 18SS. .133,763 galls. During the year ending December 31, 1889 . .155,494 " 31, i8go. .189,480 31, i89i..223,25o " 31, 1892.. 318, 537 " 31, 1S93.. 527.564 " Meters Put In. During and to the year ending Dec. 31, 1SS8 5 During the year ending December 31, 1S89 28 " " " 31, 1890 31, 1S91 '■ " " 31, 1S92 Total to January i, 1894. 1341 ... 24 ... 18 ... 31 31. 1S93 40 Total to January i, 1894 146 History of Montclair Towxsuir. 137 .Tamks Owex. Township Ex(;in'kkr. — As a civil ciiirinoi-r, aiul as tlic originator ami jnonioter of the most important improvements in public highways in Essex County rhiring tlie past twenty-five years, Mr. Owen is without a rival. His connection with the pnl)lic affairs of ^Montclair hcgan .soon after its erection as a separate township. Mr. ( )wen is a native of England, born in London in lS-15. The family from which he is descended is of verv remote ancestry, the first of these names being the funiider of the noble trilie of North AA^alcs and Powv.s. Mr. Owen was educated at private .school and at King's C'tillege, London, and served his time Mt civil engineering with (i. K. IJadford, now a partner of the eminent engineer and landscajje gardener, Vaux. who was formerly associated with Ohnstead in laying out Central Park. Xow York, and Prospect Park, Brooklyn. Mr. Owen came to this coimtry in 1 s(i('>. aiul was first connected with the Indiana Southern Railroad as civil engineer. In ISC.T he was a.ssnciated with Olm^tead and Vaux in the laying out of Prospect Park, Brooklyn. In l.stIS he was a])pointed Engineer of the E.ssex County, N. J., Public Poad Board, and has held the position continuously for more than a quarter of a century, and during this period has expended over li>2,000,00( i on the ]mblic highways and other improvements connected therewith. He established the .system of radiating avenues from Newark, which is considered the best of any in the United States, and which has since been adopted in many of our large cities and towns throughout the country. He introduced the Telford .system of roads, the most durable of aTiy ever adopted, and there has since been con.structed over 25ridges. He abolished the old system of wooden bridges, aiul substituted tiio.se of ma.-;onry and iron, of which (here are now about l,.5nO in the country. Mr. Owen bee line a resident of Montclair in IsTl'. ami the same year was appointed Township Engineer, and has held it at different periods down to the jirescnt time. He served three years on the Township Coiiiniittce. from ISS.'j to 1S88. It wa> during this period that the construction of the public water works began, and he has since had charge of that work. He has taken a s]K'cial interest in the cause of education: was elected a member of the School Board in is's, and has been re-elected at each succeeding term since. He was chairiiian of the committee that introduced technical education, this iieing the first public .school in the I'liited States to adoj>t that .system. He was Chairman of the Buihl- ing Committee on the construction of the new school-house. He served a,s Health Commissioner of the township for four yeai-s. lie has read several i)ai)ers on engineering, and has iieen a frequent contributor to engineering journals. He lias lectured on the construction of roads in different parts of the c<)untry before large and appreciative audiences. He attended the World's Fair Congress of Engineers. He is a member of the following societies and organizations: American Society of Civil En- gineei*s: New Jer.sey State Sanitary Association; New Jei"sey State Road Association ; and of different local organizations in Montclair. THE PRESS. The very first attempt at journalism in ^foiitclair was made in \^C>C>. by two youths named F. A. Wheeler and F. A. Brautigam, in the publication of a small amateur monthly, which they appropriately named T/ie Pioneer. The publication was well received, and served its announced purpose of " a devotion to the general observation on pa.ssing events" very well for a few months, when its publishers engaged in other and more profitable occupations, and T/ie Pioneer pa-ssed out of existence. For several years after that the townspeople depended uj)on the Sentinel of Freedom, the weekly edition of the Daily Ailoertiser, of Newark, for their local and general news, and no one ventured the pulilication of an exclu.sively local newspaper. It was not until J une, 1 ^I'A. that the proverbial long-felt want was filled by the appearance of TIw Montclair Herald, the jjublishers of which were Messrs. J. Ogden Clark and Frank D. Sturgis, both of them members of the legal profession. Like the original journal, it appeared 138 History of Montclatr Township. monthly, and was filled with interesting accounts of the rapid developments which the town was under goini;- at that time. Houses were going up in all sections; the Montelair and Greenwood Lake Railway liad just been opened ; work upon the tunnel through the mountain was heing carried on day and night, for the extension of tlie road to Verona and Caldwell ; steam rollers were at work upon the macadamizing of Bloomtield x\venne by the County Board, gas lights had just been introduced — in short. Montelair was booming. The Herald prospered oirrespondingly. It was well printed upon tinted paper, and attained a good circulation. But its publishei's found the editorial laboivs devolving u]ion them so great as to hinder them in their legal pursuits, and the paper literally outgrew itself and died. For two years following, the local wants were most acce])tably recorded in the Saturday Gazette^ a weekly paper, published by Sylvanus Lyon, of Bloomfield. Equal space was devoted in its columns to the two sister towns of Montelair and Itloomfield. and the tone of the paper was dignitied and clean. For more than two years the Gazette served its constituency admirably, exerting a wide intiuence, and foster- ing a neighborly spirit between the two towns, which but a few years before were one municipality. In the fall of 1875 W. C. Coutant, publisher of the Arlington Journal^ sustaining serious loss by fire, removed what was left of his plant to Montelair, and began the pnl)lication of the 2Iontclair Journal. Although the panic had set in, the town was still growing under the impetus it had received in the lieighth of its prosperity in "boom times." A weekly newspaper, properly and economically conducted, could exist, though not hold out immediate prospects of great wealth to its editors. The pa]ier established by Mr. Coutant, however, started out on the mistaken mission of antagonizing the local government by being "agin it," and attacking juiblic-spirited men, attributing to them selfish motives. It likewise rejoiced in factional fights, and as a natural result the Journal soon reached its last number under Mr. Contant's management. Mr. John Malcolm CJampliell was the next to enter the journalistic field of Montelair. lie took up the Journal where his predecessor left off, aiul adopted a somewhat similar ])oliey. The number in which the paper gave up the ghost, it was boldly announced that " the Journal has now been placed upon a paying basis." But there was evidently a Haw in the basis, for on a cloudy morning in November the publisher and proprietor disappeared, and the plLint was seized by the landlord. Subscribers to Montelair papers had little faith in the staying qualities of the succeeding publication, The Montelair Twree-s, which was begun in P'ebruary, 1S77. The present publisher, A. C. Studer, from the neighboring city of Newark, and Charles A. Burr, of Syracuse, N. Y., entered in the work sinndtaneonsly, but the latter withdrew in a few weeks and sold out his interests in the Times to Mr. Studer. The paper had an uphill struggle for some time, without prospect of political support, for it was neutral in politics for five years, when having passed the " make or break " period the editor followed his personal proclivities and made the Times a RepnV)liean ]>aper. A dejjartment by Rev. Dr. Bradford, under the title of "Chips From My Workshop," was an interesting feature that did much to ]wpularize the paper. In later years also some of the best writei-s of the town have contributed to its columns, and the paper has taken an advanced position in all matters affecting the welfare and interests of the community. The Times has grown in circulation commensurate to the growth of Montelair, and is in the full enjoyment of public confidence. It is still being published by its original publisher, wln)se record for seventeen successive years of nninternipted newspaper work has few equals in the State. The Montelair liegister was the next journalistic candidate for public favor in IMontclair. It was started in 1888 by A. E. C. Minderman, as an independent paper, but subsequently it became the organ of the Democratic party, especially during the Presidential campaign of that year. Its publisher worked faithfully and heroically against great odds for two and a half years before the Register met the fate that had been met by so many of its predecessors. Just as the Register was about to expire, William F. Jones started the Montelair Herald, also as a weekly paper, but it had scarcely lived six months before its publisher sold out to C. Alexander Cook. He bought the jjlant of the defunct Register, and for a few weeks managed the Herald for a stock company of Democrats and Independents. Mr. Cook was succeeded as editor and manager by Dr. History of Montclair Towxsnir. 139 Rieliard C. Newton, and he ill turn InMr. ^lartin Synnott. In 1S92 tlie paper was bonglit bv Di". C. W. Uutler, a prolific cuntriljiitor to its columns, who couducted it for more than a year, with varied success. The Herald was then published by G. C. Earle, and edited by H. B. "Walker, they having leased the plant from Dr. Kutler, who still owns it. Among the other papers that have come and goue in recent years is the Aft?'uisf, published monthly by the Altruist Society in the interests of the benevolent work carried on in town under its auspices. A very bright little amateur weekly was the Montclaii' l'ri'<><, published from 1SS9 to 'ill, by two boys. James and Arthur Owen, sons of Engineer Owen. It gained quite a circulation, and contained many interesting items. The boys set the type themselves and jirinted the paper upon a small press in their father's bani, doing all tlie work after school hours. A feature that interested the older people was the department known as "Topics by His Nil)s," the contributions for which were from the prolific pen of Engineer Owen. Tlie Press grew almost into the sphere of regular journalism, and had gained much l)opularity when it was discontinued because of the death of the older of the brothers, imich to the regret of its many patrons. The Montclair Journal was published by William F. Jones and Otis McMillan, as a weekly, from IS90 to 1891, and then daily for about a year. It had no connection with the pajjcr of that name that preceded it. Tliere seemeendent on the man who sui)plics the brains, and whether, consciously or unconsciously, his individuality is stamped on every piige. If his utterances are truthful and honest, whatever his [lereonal views, he will liave the confidence of the public. From the date of the first issue of the Montclair Tiinrs. by its present editor and |)roprietor. its course has been sti-aightforward and truthful, and not a word has sullied its pages that any pure-minded man or woman could take exception to. Augustus C. 8tuder, editor and proprietor of the Mmitclalr Times for the |)ast seventeen yeai-s, comes of a race of patriots, and honest, fearless men, loyal to those j)rinciples which have governed their country for five hundred years. All save himself were natives of Switzerland, and though he was a native of this country, the first words he ever Httere^50 and settled in Newark, N. J., wliere he was bom. May 1oiiite was one of the most active members. He also assisted in organizing the Montclair Literary aniSs Mr. Paul Wilcox and Thomas Wilcox Stephens, believing the time was ripe for such an enterprise, (ietermined to make an effort in this direction. Mr. Stephens called upon, and obtained letters of introduction from, Mr. 144 History of Montclair Township. Benjamin Graham and Mr. E. G. Bnrgess to Jasper R. Rand and Stephen W. Carey, who gave their hearty co-operation, and arrangements were made for an early meeting. Tlie following gentlemen met by appointment at the oftiee of Mr. Eand, in New York City : Jasper E. Hand, Stei)hen W. Carey, Paul Wilcox and T. W. Stephens, the present cashier of the P.ank of Montclair. The matter was freely discussed, and it was decided to effect an organization at an early date. Meetings were held from time to time, and other citizens became interested in the movement and pledged their support. Several meetings were held at the house of ilr. P.enjamin Graham, who became deeply intere-tcd in the enterprise at the outset and was one of the active spirits in securing its success. It was finally agreed to start with a ca]iital of $50,000, one-half the amount to be paid in at once, and the balance when called for by the stockholders. This was done September, 1891. A meeting was held at the house of Mr. Paul Wilcox, on the Valley Road. There Avere present, Thomas Russell, Stephen W. Carey, Benjamin Graham, A. B. Howe, Philip Doremus, Charles H. Johnson, Sr., Jasper R. Rand, Peter TI. Tan Piper, Paul Wilcox, Abraham P.ussing aiul T. W. Stephens. After the subserii>tion lists were opened there was no dithculty in obtaining the requisite capital. The citizens of Montclair gen- erallv gave it their heartv liberally to the stock. Out- ly have taken the whole ered expedient to have as Montclair. tion of Directors was held Goodell, at Montclair, following named gentle- StephenW. Carey. Tin mias Charles II. Johnson, P>en- I). Van Vleck, Edwin A. gess, Paul AVilcox, Jasper more, George II. Mills, ick J. Drescher, Daniel O. Goodell, W. W. Egbert, ham Bussing. Edwin A. the list, declined to serve A BIT OK BLOOMFIELD AVEN'UE, Showing the Bank of Montclair. support, and subscribed side parties would willing- amount, but it was consid- much as possible taken in A meeting for the elec- at the office of E. B. April 2, 1SS9, aiuI the men were duly elected : Russell, Philip Doremus, jamiu Graham, William Bradley, Edward G. Bur- E. Rand, John R. Liver- Andrus B. Howe, Freder- Eshl)augh, Edwin B. Peter II.A'an Ri|ier, A bra- Bradley, the seventh on on account of the pressure Mr. Benjamin Strong was of private business, and elected in his stead. Jasper E. Eand was elected President, Wm. D. Van Vleck, Vice-President, and T. W. Stephens, Cashier. The bank was formally opened Saturday, June 1, 1889, in what was known as the Van Eiper building, on Bloomtield Avenue. Forty-two accounts were opened, and the total amount deposited was !?r,(i,0(in. In JanuaiT, 1890, at the first annual meeting, seven months after the organization of the bank, the books showed 435 depositors, with a total of $U;0,00(). In January, 1892, there were 1,025 depositors, witli a total of $365,000. The books showed a good surplus each year, but for satisfactory reasons no dividend was declared. In 1892 a lot was purchased, 60x200 feet, on Bloomfield x\ venue, nearly opposite the Presbyterian Cliurch, and plans designed by J. C. Cady ct Co., architects, for a bank building. Work was soon after begun aTui the building completed in the spring of 1893. It is 30x,"')(i feet, three stories high, with base- ment and cellar. The walls are of i>rick, with white terra cotta brick front. Eoonis aliove the bank are arranged for offices, one of which is occupied by the ^Montclair Savings Bank. The new building was opened for business May 13, 1893. The lower part, occupied by the Bank of Montclair, is beautifully fitted up in cherry, with brass trimmings. A sepaiate department is arranged for lady depositors, who number nearly one-third of the entire list. History ok Montci.air Township. l-l.i This has uruved tliiis far one of the most successful liaukinj^ institutions ever started in tliis country, sustained largely l)y private individuals, there being hut one manufactory in the town-^hip. and the business Ijeinjj confined mainly to general supplies for the residents. The directors for 1S94 are: Stephen W. Carey, Thomas Tiussell, I'liilip JJoremns, Charles II. Johnson, Benjamin Graham, William U. Van Vleck, Edward G. Burgess, Paul Wilcox, Jasper R. Rand, John K. Livermore. Andrns B. Howe, Frederick J. Drescher, Daniel O. Esld'augh, Edwin B. Goodcll, Peter II. Van Kii)er, Abraham Bussing, r.enjamin Strong, Amzi A. Sigler, J. K. Williams. Till-: MONK 'LAIR SAVINGS BANK. The matter of organizing a Savings I'ank in Moiitdair liad lieen diseus.sed by Imsiness nu'n fur some two or three years before any active steps were taken. According to the minutes of the Bank : •' After informal consultation on the subject of establishing a Savings IJank in ^lontclair, N..1., the foUowinsr circular letter was addres.sed to a nundjcr of gentlemen of ^lontdair and vicinity: "Mo.\T(i..\ri{, N. J., September ,30, 1802. " Having carefully considered the advLsfibility of establishing a Savings Bank in ^Umtclair. we have reached the conclusion that the time has come to do so. The success of the two financial institutions now here, which has been much greater in both cases than was anticipated, has been tlic ]irin('i|ia] argument in favor of such a step. " Believing that your assistance upon the I'oard of Managers of such a Itank will be of great ad- vantage to it, voii are re<|nested to be pre.-ent, if you will consent to serve, at the rooms of the Montclair Building and Loan Asauk in Montclair were now duly antliorized to oi'ganize the bank. At this meeting By-Laws were adopted, and the following officers were elected : President, riiilip Doremus ; Vice-President, Thomas AV. Ste])hens ; Secretary and Treasurer, II. D. Crane; Counsel, Edwin B. Goodell. An Executive Committee consisting of the following named gentlemen in addition to the ex-officio mendiers were elected : William Y. BoLde, David F. Merritt, Andrns B. Howe, John P. Livermore, Edwin B. Goodell. The bank was dnly opened for depositors March 15, 1893. At the close of the tirst year's business there were 985 accounts opened, and the amount due depositor.? was $125,229.41. MASONIC LODGES. ]5loomfield Lodge, No. 40, F. & A. M., was organized in West Bloonifield as early as 1824, and the fact that the furniture of Chatham Lodge — then suspended — was obtained for the new Lodge, indicates that the former had previously existed in this locality. Tiie first communication was held July 24, 1824, in the hotel of Joseph Munn, on the corner of Church Street and Valley Poad. A dispensation was obtained from the M.'. W.". Grand Master, and the Lodge acted under this authority until the regular meeting of the Grand Lodge. The first officers elected were : Simeon Baldwin, AV. M. ; Daniel D. Beach, S. W. ; Joshua Smith, J. W. ; Ephraim P. Stiles, Secretary ; Zenas S. Crane, Treasurer ; Matthias Taylor, S. D. ; John Pobinson, J. I).; William I'rame, M. of C. ; and Linus Baldwin, Tyler. The names of the twenty-seven charter mend)ers show that they were mostly residents of this locality : Matthias Smith, D. D. Beach, John Robinson, Joshua Smith, Joiiathan Stephens, Linus Baldwin, Benjamin Peynolds, Matthias Taylor, Cln-istopher Gari'abrant, AVilliani Frame, .Tolm Munn, Thomas Speer, Jr., Simeon Baldwin, Zenas S. Crane, L. F. Lewis Mitchell, Josej)!! ]\hinn, Nathaniel H. Baldwin, John Aikins, Aaron Ballard, Robert Aikins, Peter Doremus, Thomas Ryland, William Young, John Moore, Hugh I5oggs, Henry Staidey. Ephraim P. Stiles. The Lodge was duly chartered by the Grand Lodge and the first regular connnunication was held September 15, 1824, when the officers named in the dispensation were installed by M.". AV.". Grand Master, Jeptha B. Munn. Among its members were many names familiar to the old lesidents of West Bloom- field. The Lodge contiuTied to flourish and increase in membership until the Anti-Masonic agitation (fostered and encouraged by politicians) of 1828-32, when hundreds of lodges all over the country surrendered their charters. The charter of Bloonifield Lodge was surrendered about this time, and ceased to exist for twenty eight years. On February 19, 185<^ it was resuscitated at Bloonifield, the old warrant being re-issued to them under the name of Bloon]field Lodge No. 40. The new officers were installed by Past Grand Master Jeptha B. Alunn, the same individual who, twenty-eight years previous — being then Grand Master of Masons of the State of New Jersey — had installed the original officers. This Lodge is still in a flourishing condition in I'loomfield. MoxTCLAiu Lodge No. 144, F. ct A. M., vras organized in 1875 and held its first connnunication under dispensation in Odd Fellows' Hall, October 25 of that year. The charter members were 11. W. Force, John P. Turner, A. P. Devoursney, Geo. R. Milligan, Edward E. Wright, Edgar T. Gould, S. D. Chittenden, Peter A. Tronson, Peter Speer, M. W. Smith, Charles Smith, F. H. Harris, Sanuiel Arbuthnot and Edmund Williams. At the annual connnunication of the Grand Lodge in the following Januai'v a charter was granted to Montclair Lodge and the Lodge was duly instituted P^ebruary 10, 1870, by R.*. W.-. Bro. J. C. Fitz- gerald, Grand S. W. The officers of the Lodge while under dispensation and during 187fi were H. W. Force, W. M. ; John P. Turner, S. W. ; A. P. Devoursney, J. W. ; E. E. Wright, Treasurer ; G. R. Milligan, Secretary; E. T. Gould, S. D. ; S. D. Chittenden, J. D. ; P. A. Tronson, M. of C. ; Peter Speer, Tyler. History of Montci.air Township. 147 Officers, ISTT.— II. W. Force. W. M.: .1. 1". Turner. S. AV. ; A. P. Dovoursiiev. J. W. ; E. E. Wright,' Treasurer; W. L. Doremus, Secretary ; E. T. Goiil.l. S. 1).; T. F. Jacolm.s J. D. ; P. A. I'roiisiin ami R. D. Sargent, ^f. of C ; Peter Speer. Tyler. (hficers, 1878.— H. "\V. Force, W. M. ; P. A.' Tronson, S. W. ; G. \l. ^\\\\\gm. J. W. ; E. E. Wriglit, Treasurer; W. L. Doremn.«, Secretary ; E. T. Goukl, S. I). ; T. F. Jaeohus. J. I). ; J. L. Crone and J. McTagjjarr, il. of C. ; Peter Spcer, Tvler. Officers, 1S79.-II. W. Force, W. M. ; E. \). Hall, S. W. ; A. IJ. Howe. .1. W. ; E. E. Wriglit, Treasurer; J. P. Turner, Secretary; E. T. Goukl, S. I).; T. F. Jacobus, J. J).; J. McTaggart and (ico. A. Van Gieson, M. of V. ; Peter Speer, Tyler. Offico'K, 1S80— A. P.. Howe, W. M. ;"g. K. MiUigan. S. W.; Joseph E. Hinds. J. W. ; E. E. Wright, Treasurer; J. P. Turner, Secretary; E. T.Gould. S. I).; George W. Scherf. J. D. ; Peter Speer, Tyler. Officers, 18S1.— A. 1!. Howe, W. M. ; ti. K. .Milligan, S W. ; T. F. Jac.)l)us. J. W. ; E. E. \Vright, Treasurer; J. P. Turner, Secretary; \l. T. (iould, S. D. ; George Delong, J. D. ; J. McTaggart aiul Vaughn Darrcss, M. of G. ; C. H. Corhy. Tyler. Officers, 1882.— A. P. Howe, W. M. ; G. Pv. Milligan, S. W. ; E. T. (iould, J. \\ .; Cieorge Delong, Treasurer; J. P. Turner, Secretary; James H. Casey, S. ]). ; Vaughn Darres.s, J. D.; J. McTaggart and John Poole, Jr.. M. of C. ; John G. Treadwell. Chaplain ; C. H. Corhy, Tyler. Officers, 1883.— G. K.i[illigan, W. M.; C. W. Sandford, S. W.; W. L. Doremus, J. W.; George Delong, Treasurer; J. P. Turner, Secretary; James H. Ca.sey, S. D. ; Jolui Poole, J. D. ; T. Y. Jacobus and W. K. Courter, M. of C.; John G. Treadwell. Chaplain: C. H. Corby, Tyler. Officers, 1SS4.— C. W. Sandfor.I. W. if.; W. L. Doremus, S. W. : Vnuglm Darrcss. J. W. ; G. R. Milligan, Treasurer; J. P. Turner. Secretary; J..hn Poole. Jr., S. I).; Janie> II. Walsh, J. I).; C. W. English and A. G. Spencer. M. of C. ; John G. Treadwell. Cliajilain ; Peter Speer, Tyler. Officers. ISS.').— C. W. Sandford, W. M. ; C. W. English, S. W. ; A. G. Spencer, J. W. ; G. R. Milligan, Trea.surer; A. Fl Aeby, Secretary; I. N. Pudgers, S. D. ; E. E. Leach, J. D. ; G. B. Edwards and i'. D. Riker, M. of C. ; John G. Treadwell, Chaplain; T. F. Jacobus, Tyler. Officers, 1S80.— C. W. English. W. M; A. G. Spencer, S. W.; I. N. Rudgers, J. W.; G. R. Milligan, Treasurer; A. IJ. IL.we, Secretary; C. W. Sandford, S. D.; Elijah Pearce, J. D.; A. C. ililsinger and P. D. Riker, M. of C; John G. Treadwell, Chaplain ; T. F. Jacobus, Tyler. (fficers, 1887.— C. W. English, W. M.; I. X. Rudgers, S. W.; A. C. Hilsinger, J. W.; G. R. Milligan", Treasurer; A. B. Howe, Secretary; Elijah Pearce, S. D.; E. E. I.each, J. D.; W. II. liarcholomew and A. G. Spencer, M. of C; John G. Treadwell, Chaplain ; P. D. Riker, Tyler. Officers, 1888.- A. B. Howe, AV. JI.; G. R. ]V[illigan, S. W.; A. C. Hilsinger, J. W.; Wm. M. Ta\lor, Treasurer; F. W. Crane, Secretary; F. N. Class, S. D.; Theodore Siglcr, J. D.; T. F. Jacobus and A. (i. Spencer. M. of C; John G. Treadwell, Chaplain ; P. D. Riker, Tyler. Officers, 1889.— A. B. Howe, W. M.; G. R. Milligan. S. W.; W. L. Doremus, J. W.; Wm. M. Taylor, Treasurer; F. W. Crane, Secretary ; A. S. Badgley, S. D.; Theodore Sigler, J. D.; V. B. Sqnier and A. G. Spencer, M. of C; John G. Treadwell, Chaplain ; P. D. Riker, Tyler. Officers, 189U.— William M. Taylor, W. M.; Vaughn Darre.ss, S. W.; A. S. Badgley, J. W.; Wm. L. Doremus, Treasurer; F. W. Crane, Secretary; A. B. Howe, S. D.; Theodore Sigler, J. D.; Geoi-ge Delong and Elijah Pearce, M. of C; John G. Treadwell, Chaplain ; P. D. Riker, Tyler. Officers, 1891.— Alfred S. Badgley, W. AF.; II. F. Holloway, S. W.; Sanmel White. Jr.; J. W. Wm. L. Doremus. Treasurer; Clark Coo|)cr. Secretary ; A. 15. Howe, S. I).; P. F. Dur.^t, J. D.; G. R. Milligan and Elijah Pearce. il. of C; Joseph T. Farrington, Chaplain; P. D. Riker, Tyler. Officers, 1892.— Alfred S. Badgley. W. M.; 11. F. Holloway, S. W.; Ralph Marden, J. W.; Wm. L. Doremus. Treasurer ; Hugo Reid, Secretary ; C. W. McKcnvn. S. D.; F. W. Crane, J. D.; Elijah Pearce and I. X. Rudger.s, M. of C.; Joseph T. I'arrington, Chaplain ; P. D. Riker, Tyler. Officers, 1893.— Henry F. Holloway, W. M.: Ralph ilarden, S. W.: Hugo Reid, J. W.; Wm. L. J48 History of Montclair Township. Doremiis, Treasurer; C. W. McKowii, Secretary; A. B. Howe, S. D.; Elijali Pearce, J. I).; C. W. English and G. E. Millitjan, M. of C; John G. Treadwell, Cliaplain ; P. D. Eiker, Tyler. (Jlficers, 1894-.— iialpii ilarden, AV. M.; II. F. Ilolloway, S. W.; Eobert F. Green. J. W.; AViii. L. Doremus, Treasurer; 0. W. McKowii, Secretary; A. 1!. Howe, S. D.; A. 0. Eowland, J. D,; T. E. Taltavall and G. A. \'an Gieson, M. of ('.; John G. Treadwell, Chaplain ; P. U. Eiker, Tyler. Since its institution ]\[ontclair Lodge has received forty-five nieiubers by atfiliation and foi-ty by the conferring of degrees. It has lost nineteen by suspension for non-payment of dues, twelve by diniit, and nine by deatli. Tlie present menibershiji (.January 1, ISIH) is fifty-nine. I. O. O. F. Watchung Lod(;e, No. \?A, I.U.U.F., was instituted at Montclair, May i, ISOi). Its first otficers were : Melancthou W. Smith, N. G. ; John C. Woodruff, V. G. ; Edgar T. Gould, Eecording Secretary ; Warren S. Taylor, Permanent Secretary ; Edward E. AVright, Treasurer. The following persons have filled the position of N. G. since its yrganization : John H. Havden, ^\. S. Taylor, M. Speer, H. M. Eomer, G. E. Milligan, E. T. Gould, ^^\ B. Jacobus, S. A. Gould, S. J. Gould,' Theo. T. King. A. E. Munn, E. B. Crane, E. B. Harris, C. F. Dunham, J no. H. Jacobus, E. D. Hall, M. AV. Sniitli," Geo. T. Bunten, John ]\Iurphy, E. B Harris, ^\. H. (iould, Frank Koegler, Warren S. Taylor, Ed. Grossman, Geo. AV. Poxall. David D. Murphy, M. W. Smith. E. M. Harrison," AV. H. Stagg, W. H. Delhagen, Peter Haring, Clark Cooper, J. F. Creamer, E. E. Ih-ooks, Frank McKenna, Thomas J. Courter. Total uundjer of mendjers since its organization, 174; deatlis, 7; present mendiership, 71. GEN. SHEEArAN LODGE, No. 51, ANCIENT OEDER UNITED AVOEKMEN. This Liidge was instituted February IS, 1891, by Past Grand Master AVorkman J. AY. Diefendorf, assisted by E. H. Colyer, P. M. AV"., Dr. Geo. AV. Potter, Medical Exanuner and Financier; J. H. Day, of Newark Lodge, No. 31, P. M. W.; C. Schlaeffer, of Elizabeth Lodge, No. 29 ; James E. Garrabrant, Mas- ter AVorkman, of AVest End, No. 48, and other visiting brethren. Twenty-six applicants had been ex- amined, and twenty had been approved and returned, which met the requirements of the Constitution to procure a charter. After the obligations liad been given, and the exemplification of the secret work, the following named officers were elected and installed for the ensuing term .- Past Master AVorkman, A. C. Studer; Master AVorkman, I. Newton Eudgers; Foreman, Stephen L. Purdy; Overseer, Amidee Tunison; Recorder, Clark Cooper; Financier, J. D. Keyler; Eeceiver, Charles AV. English ; Guide, Isaac A. Dodd ; G. W., Henry Wrensch, Sr. ; 0. AV., George Spencer. Timstees, one year, A. C. Ilortsch ; two years, T. AV. Crane; three years, Carl F. Fentzlaff. This is said to lie the oldest and largest beneficiary order in existence. OTHER SECEET AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. Mendleton Lodge, No. 1620.— Meets first AVednesday in each month in Watchung Hall. Caiiiolic Knights of A&iEErcA, Beanch 42t!. — Organized 1886 ; meets second and fourth Monday of each month at Parocliial School. Ikish National Lkague. — Organized 1SS4 ; meets at time and place designated by President. Catholic Benevolent Legion, Father Steets' Council, No. S3. — Orgatiized 1S84; meets fir.st and third Monday of each month in AA^atchung Hall. Okdek of Chosen Friends, Morse Council, No. 4.5. — Meets first and thii-d Thursday, in Ilayden Building, 548 Bloomfield Avenue. Ancient Order of Hibernians. History of Montci.air Township. I4;i Knights of Hoxor, Moxtci.aik Lodgk, No. 263S. — Organized December 23, 1881. MoNTCLAiR Council, No. 4-21. Koyal Arcanum. — Organized IST'.I ; meets second and fonrtli Tuesday in each month, in Arcanum Ilall. Dorcmus Building. Ckystal LoiHiE, No. 2ii, (tood Tkmfl.vks. — Organized lS8t'>; meets every Monday evening in Pillsbury Building. ^foNTCLAiK Building and Loan Association. — Meets iii-st Monday evening in each month, at 4.j(> Bloomtield Avenue. Phil. Kearney Council, No. 35, National Pkovident Union. — Meets every second Monday in each month, in Odd Fellows' Hall. THE CITIZENS' COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDRED. This organization was forced into existence hy contcmi)t for excise laws and violations of peace and good order on the part of local liijuor .sellers and their victims. It originated from a suggestion made in the inter-denominational New Year's prayer meeting of 1883. It took preliminary form in a meeting of citizens at the residence (if the late Samuel Wilde. January I'.i. 1883. Its Executive Com- mittee, composed of I). F. Merritt. Samuel Crumj), A. I'>. Howe, H. 15. Liftell and John J. Carolan. tirst met January 27, 1883, at the residence of D. F. Merritt. wlun Mr. Merritt was elected chairman ; Mr. Carolan, secretary; Mr. Howe, treasurer: and ^Ir. Crump and Mr. Littell, auditors. Tiie agreement which formed the foundatii)n of the general organization hears date of January I'J, 1883, and shows the signatures of one hundred and twenty-one men, each of wiiom subscribed twenty-five dollars "to he used for the creation of a healthy public sentiment in relation to the use and sale of lii|uor, and to enforce existing laws in Montclair." This agreement, bearing the autographs of the one lunidied and twenty-one original members of the general conmiittee, is safely preserved among the documents of the organization. Montclair has always been an exceptionally tcmjierate, (juiet and order-loving town. Many places would have tolerated or ignored the conditions which led to the Citizens' Committee. Indeed, the organization ha-s always been defensive, and, as commnnities go, its formation was in large part anticipatory and much of its work has been preventive. Yet the report made by tiie Executive Connnittee in ISSO, discussing the need for the general Itody at the time of its formation, recites that '' a period had been reached when the question had to be determined whether, as in the large cities of the country, the li(pior interest should be allowed to dominate, or whether its capacity for evil to the community should be diminished to the lowest p(jssible point." Saloons, licensed and unlicensed, were increasing in number annually, their work of physical death, moral degradation and civic demoralization was assuming cinnulatively dangerous pro])ortions ami was menacing the highest interests of the entire community. To meet these conditions, and, as far as possible, neutralize the dangers embodied in them, the Citizens' Committee began active work in the courts to prevent the granting of new licenses to liquor sellers and to secure enforcement of the li(pi(jr laws, and it iiecame at once potential in educating and stimulating public opinion. The n(jtable total al)stinence meetings conducted in the winter of 18S3, by Messrs. Maybee and English, were morally and financially aided by the Committee, and these resulted in a genuine and earnest revival of interest in temperance and abstinence, as well as in the securing of many hundreds of names to the total abstinence pledge. The Citizens' Committee has never been a so called temperance society. It has been and is non- partisan, and it includes women and men of all shades of opinion as to the general question of the use and abuse of liquor and of its relations to the individual and to the connnunity. These people tind a common working platform in the following practical and inclusive declaration of their objectives : First. — To protect the connnunity, as far as possible, from the evils growing out of the excessive nse and the unre.stricted sale of intoxicating liquors, by insisting upon a strict observance of the law under licen.se of which the business in intoxicants is carried on. 150 History of Montclair Township. 10 Second. — To secure the piiiiisliuu'iit of licjuor dealers wlio violate the law, especially those wl make their j)laces resorts for gaiiililiiiii- and other vicious practices, who sell licpKir to children, and who persist in carrying on this I)usiuess, directly or indirectly, on Sundays. Third. — To use every moral and legal effort not only to prevent the ojiening of new saloons, hut to diminish the nuniher of those already in existence. Along these lines the Citizens' Committee has done an excellent and effective work for eleven years, although, because of hindrances little understood by the public, the things accomplished are not at all what even the workers themselves would like, yet, at this writing, while the jiopulation of the town has grown almost three-fold since 1SS2, the number of liquor sellers has increased but about 20 per cent., the community has been kept and remains exceptionally free from liquor selling evils, such as prevail where no restraint hampers and regulates the trafKc. Early in 1SS9, the Executive Committee was enlarged from five to twelve members, and subse- quently the number was increased to fifteen. D. F. Merritt served as Chairman from the date of organizatiiin until October, 1SS7; Samuel Crump thenceforward until May, 1891; then A. II. Siegfried until October, 1S93. The Secretaries have been John J. Carolan, E. P. Benedict, Thomas Hughes, C. S. Olcott and Joseph Ilellen. A. B. Howe has served as Treasurer throughout the life of the organization. The current organization is as follows: Charles D. Thompson, Chairman ; AVm. Winslow Ames, Secretary; A. B. Howe, Treasurer; John K. Howard, Tlmmas Kussell, Isaac Deidjy, C. II. Johnson, Jr., E. P. Benedict, A. 11. Siegfried, D. F. Merritt, A. A. Sigler, John II. Parsons, C. I. Reeves, R. M. Boyd, Jr., Joseph Hellen. THE GOOD GOVERNMENT CLUB. The adoption of the "Short Law" by a large majority of the citizens of Montclair — alluded to in a previous chapter — was the means of arousing public sentiment in favor of a non-partisan govern- ment, which should contain the best elements of each political party, unbiased and uninfluenced l)y party considerations. The restriction of the sale of intoxicating liquors, and the prevention of a trolley road from passing through the principal streets of the town, were questions that agitated the public mind and led to the organization of a non-partisan Club having these ends in view. A meeting for this purpose was held at Henderson Hall on Saturday evening, March 17, lS9-i. It was called to order by Rev. A. H. Bradford, D.D., of the First Congregational Church, a staunch republican. After briefly but earnestly stating the object of the meeting — the formation of a non-partisan organization to work for sound morality and clean business administration of the affairs of the town — he nominated as Chairman Rev. F. T. Gates, who has lived in the town a year or so, a Baptist, and a man who, as the business agent of Mr. J. D. Rockafeller, had been in charge of the erection of the great buildings for the new LTniversity of Ciiicago. Mr. Gates, in his few words on taking the chair, announced himself as a life-long re|niblican, and then gave some admirable reasons for a non-partisan government of any town or citj', and the divorce of its business matters from Federal party politics. Mr. Robert M. Boyd, Jr., was elected Secretary, a man independent in national politics, who has always voted the republican ticket in town matters. For a basis of action, Mr. John R. Howard, independent, otfered the following short Constitution, which he described as enough of a skeleton to be invested with flesh and blood and vital organs; a charter specific enough and broad enough for all good purj)oses : I. — The name of this Association shall be the "Good Government Club of Montclair, New Jersey." II. — Its object is stated in its name, and its function shall 1)0 to do whatever its members think lielpful in gaining that object, especially in the direction of a non-partisan business administration of the affairs of the town. History of Montci.air Towxsiiir. 151 HI. — Its officers shall be a President, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, who, besides doing the ordinary duties of such officers, shall, with an Executive Committee of eight other members of the Chib, manage the affairs of the Association under tlie general direction of the Club. lY. — The officers and Executive Committee shall be elected annually, at tiie regular annual meeting to be held on the first Saturday evening of March in each year. V. — The annual dues shall be one dollar, payable the first year on joining the Club, and thereafter on or before the evening of the annual meeting. VI. — Any person is eligil>le to membership who sympathizes with the object of the Club. Ail :il)plications shall be made to the Secretary of the Club and passed upon by the Executive Committee; all members are entitled to vote who have paid tiicir dues; no member is bound in his individual action by any general action of the Club, l)nt all will be expected to acquiesce in such action and work for the aims of the Club. With the exception of changing the date of annual meeting from the third to the first Saturday evening of March, in each year, the Cuiistitntioii was adopted as a provisioiuil charter. A committee of three, Messrs. J. K. J-iverraore, democrat, Charles D. Thompson, republican, and J. A. Tiicliards, prohibitionist, were appointed to numinati' a committee of five on permanent organization and policy. The tKiminees were Kcv. Dr. Ijradfurd, republican, ('. S. (Jleott, republican, Paul Wilcox, democrat, J. II. Howard, independent, and A. D. French, republican. Dr. Bradford declined the work, not, he said, because he was not in fullest sympathy with it, Imt because it would bo a physical impossibility for him to attend to its liuties. The meeting then by unanimous vote appointed Mr. Charles D. Thompson in Dr. Biadford's place, overbearing Mr. Thompson's earnest protest; and the Committee was duly completed. This Committee was instructed to confer in advance with the leaders of the several political parties concerning the probable nominees in the respective wards; to ascertain the views of candidates as to their position on the subject of granting lirpior licenses and restricting the li(pior traffic by ordinance and otherwise; and to report nominations in |)lace of candidates by them deemed objectionable. The Committee were also directed to report at the adjourned meeting, which should be called for Satui-day evening, March 24, or earlier, if in tiieir discretion it should be deemed necessary. Further, the Com- mittee were given power to add to their number, and directed to report a plan of pernuinent organization. At the adjourned meeting held JIarch 24, a plan of ])ermanent organization was ailopted and the following officials elected to serve for the first year : President, F.T.Gates; Secretary, Starr J. Murpliy ; Treasurer. Edward F. Myers. Executive Committee: First Ward. l> nil l^>>.'1 Mrs. Henry A. Dike was elected to the Presidency — a position which she held four years and until failing healtii and domestic calamity forced lier to al>a!idon the work she loved and for the performance of which she was peculiarly fitted. To one intimately acquainted with Mrs. Dike no words coidd do justice to her lovely character; and to one who did not know her, no words could convey an adequate idea of the sweet strength, intellectiud poise and rare " common sen.se '" blended in her personality. To the service of the Home she brought ripe culture, a trained judgment and (juick insight into jieople and affairs; wliiie her social influence secured it wide supiimt and her gracious atTaI)ility di.sarmcd hostile criticism. "^ U-W'^^ NEW BCILDINC, CIItLURF.N S IIOMK During her administration the financial standing of the Home was sufliciently assiired to warrant the ])urc]iase of a house and three acres of lainl on (iatcs Avenue. The hoH.se was enlarged under the gratuitous .supervision of Mr. 11. llud-du Ilnlly, ami, as far as could be, ada])ted to the requirements of its new occupants, who. in 1S80, took possession of it. In tiio .same year a reorgani/.aticm of the ass(«Matinn was effected whereby its scope was enlarged and all the privileges of Orphan .\sylums secured to it. including the adoption and indenturing of children having no other guardian. In common witii every institution depending upon voluntary contributions for support the Home has not escaped periods of depression and discouragement, but at the present time it is prospering in its work and is liberally sustained. The extreme generosity of ^Irs. Oeorge Inness, Jr., a former manager, has made it possible to erect a new and commodious building skillfully contrived for the special requirements of its family of thirty-five children, particularly for the isolation of the sick. The substantial structure now in process of erection is half timljered, the lower story being of dressed brownstone, and promi.ses to be an architectural ornament to the town. 154 History of Montclair Township. As was to be expected in the passage of time, the personnel of tlie I'oard of ^fanagers has undergone many changes. Some of tlie l)est known and most influential women of Montclair have served upon it for varying periods ; but only two of the original members — Mrs. Shepherd Eowland and ]\riss Harriet J. Cooper — liave i-emained continuously to the present time. Its first great loss by death was that of Mrs. Samuel Porter — a woman zealous in all good works, but finding here a special field for her love and energy: a crayon portrait of her bright face adorns the parlor of the Home, recalling sunny memories and commemorating a great misfortune. Mrs. Dike was the next to be called ; and although her active participation in its affairs had terminated some time before, her helpful interest continued to the last. Mrs. Porter's bequest of $1,000 was the first large gift to the Home and was followed by a bequest of $3,000 from Mrs. Dike.* In the year just passed, still another most lovable woman and faithful worker, Mrs. Charles II. Benedict, has obeyed the sunnnons to "Come up higher." Hers was a nature that "made sunshine in a shady place," and no one associated with her will ever forget her unfailing kindliness. " The good the)- planned to do Shall stand as if 't were done. God finishes the work By noble hands begun." At the present time the Home is under the able management of the following nanied individuals: President, Mrs. Stephen W. Carey; Vice-President, Mrs. Decatni- ^I. Sawyer; Secretary, Mrs. Wilson W. Smith ; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Benjamin W. Graham ; Treasurer, ^Irs. F. J. Drescher ; Mrs. She])herd Eowland, Mrs. AVilliam IT. Power, Mrs. M. F. Heading, Mrs. Thomas Gladding, Mrs. Amory H. Bradford, Miss Harriet J. Cooper, Mrs. Harry Littlejolin, Mrs. J. Soutter Porter, Mrs. Edwin P. Benedict, Mrs. James S. Brown, Mrs. G. D. Finlay, Mrs. William L. Gnillaudeu, Mrs. Wallace W. Egbert, Mrs. John Wilts, Mrs. John AVeeks, Mrs. William Miller, Mrs. Franklin W. Dorman. Advisory Board. — Mr. C. D. Anderson, Mr. Paul Babcock, Mr. C. D. Thompson, Mr. Charles Burgess, Mr. George P. Farmer. The spirit in which the Home was conceived and the high ideal which has ever been kept in view are indicated by the following extracts taken, almost at random, from the published annual re])orts : "Without disparaging other forms of Christian endeavor nothing can have more forcible claims upon our attention than the neglected youth of our own vicinity. ' What shall we do with the children V is an anxious question equally to the philanthroiiist and civil economist ; it knocks at the doors of our responsibility with an urgency that will nut be denied and must be met by every one who regards the common weal which these boys and girls, soon to Ije men and women, can tio much to promote or impede. "To the childi-en gathered here the institution is indeed tiieir Home; and it is the earnest endeavor of its managers to make it represent all that a modd home should be. Not oidy liave the children been well-cared for, physically, as their healthy and neat appearance at church, on the street, and in the public schools plainly testifies, but they have acquired habits of punctuality, industry, self-dependence and mutual forbearance, which are invaluable in any station ; while the lessons inculcated in the princij^les of Christianity and respect for sacred things cannot fail to be a gtiide and defence to them in times of doubt and temptation. "Whenever practicable, a small sum is charged for board, but inaliility to pay is not allowed to militate against the admission of any child whose needs are pressing. Neither is any one i-ejccted because of unworthy parentage, for, say what we may, many things have been decided for us at birth, and it is not to every one that the qualities which insure success are given. Incompetency and thriftlessness in the parents are disorders to be carefully eradicated from the cliildren by conijielliiig patient continuance in well-doing until diligence and tliDroughness become second nature. Strong as are hereditary tendencies they often yield to the stronger agencies of education and environment. * In 1H87 a g^'^t of $1,000 was received from the Misses Charlotte L. and Josephine WiUon, of Orange, in memory ot their parents, who lived many years in Montclair. History of Montci.air Township. 155 "The eliildreii iimlcr our care are gatliered fnmi homes desolated by death or intemperance, and while thev are chietly orphans, it must not he forgotten that there is a worse orphanage than that of death, and that children may he orphaned in the saddest sense, though both their parents are living.'' The Cidldren's Home is the emhoiiiment of the principle of modifying wrong tendencies and preventing future evil. It seeks earnestly to do its share toward the solution of current social problems ; it labors not only to promote a higher intelligence but to instill useful honselmld and hygienic knowledge ; to form habits of personal purity, industry and obedience to authority. Mrs. Samdkl M. Porter. — At a special meeting of the Jjoard of Managers of the Children's Home, held in memory of ^frs. Sannicl ^J. Porter, on Wednesday. May 21, 1S84, the President made the following remarks: '* We are met here to-day to speak a few words of love for our diai- friend and co-laborer, Mrs. Porter, and to put o!i record our sense of our trreatloss, our sorrow for ^^^^^^B ourselves, and our deep sympathy for those who ^^^L were nearest and dearest to her. And when that ^^^^^ "V is done, all that we can do for our dear friend is ^^^^L \y done, and we must take up our daily life, and ^^^^B \ tlie work of tliis Home, and goon without her. ^^^^^m ,>^^^^% ^ \ " We eaimot trust our- say how much ^^^^^^B ^^^^BB^^ \ ''<^ missed. The labor which she ^^^^^^H ^^^^BB^ \\ Time and ^^^^^^H ^^^ ^^i^Vl »\ given when most of ^^^^^^^B wa ^JR'^ V '^^'*'ii'^'^ ^^''*^ t''^^*^ we were excused from f^^^^^^^^B ^~^ V^I^VK I t^^'^k. And to tiiis labor was added the ^^^^^^H ^^^^^llNTr^^ ll """''^ skillful ]>lanning and forethought and a ■ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^aMi»<|i^ ll most loving iiilluence overall. To know what ^^^^f jl^^^lK^t*' /// '' P'^^^'^'' ^^"^ ^^^'^ i" ^''i^ Home we have only to •^F^^^^^^R!^ m /■ I't^'Hit'ndjer the faces of the children when Mrs. ^9^^111^^ 11 §' l'liall keep her in our hearts, and we shall remember forever the love, the unselfishness, the wonderful lirightness and cheer, tlie readiness with which she divined and ministered to every one's need, and the loving outpouring of her life. "Such a memory can but lead us t(j strive, each in her own way, to catch the spirit of that life and graft it upon her own." The following preamlde and resolutions were then oU'ered and adopted : " Whereas, It has seemed right to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe to remove from us by death our sister associate, Mrs. Mary Treadwell Porter, and while we submit to the decree of Him who doth not willingly afflict, it is with hearts chastened by grief over the loss of a dear friend and beloved associate; and 156 History of Montci.air Township. " ]]'/iereas. We lament her death, not only as a valued member of society and a cherished friend and neighbor, but especially as a co-laborer in the management of the Children's Home, in which she engaged earnestly, assiduously and hopefully, and in every department of which we shall continually miss her guiding and helping hand; be it therefore " Resolved, That we extend our heartfelt sympathy to the family so sadly bereaved, and prayerfully commend them to the loving care of that Friend who is ' a refuge in every trouble, and a very present help in time of need.' " Resolved, That these resolutions be entered upon our records, and a copy of the same transmitted to the family of the deceased." Tlie Annual Keport of the Association for 1884 contains tiie following in relation to Mrs. Porter's connection with the institution : "Possessed of dauntless energy of character, unusual executive talent and public sj)irit, Mrs. Samuel Porter was engaged in many and various enterprises, and her loss will he keenly felt in divers directions and by many people. dividual friendshijis is our personal grief severed, it is in our of an association, in laliorers, that we are place. As a manager from the beginning, identical with her fatigue where its jiros- aud her sanguine tem- spirit lightened and the entire Board. shine she was always every child in the child knew lier and was their sympathy Sunday afternoon her smile flashed its instantly understood As a member of the tee, and Chairman of niittee, her labors but what higher her, or anyone, than to evei'v trust. midst of life and its has fallen from her hands, and ' with no slow gradations of decay,' she has passed on through the Beautiful Gate into eternal life ; and the rich voice that has so long led the children's hynms of praise has gone to swell a nobler chorus in the wider air of Heaven * * * " *." The lieautifnl traits of character that adorned tlie life of Mrs. Porter were due not oidy to careful training and early environment, but she inherited from her ancestors — who were among the most notable men in New England — that strong religious sentiment and earnest desire to d(.) good that controlled all her actions and led her continually to seek the hap})iness of others regardless of herself. Mrs. Porter was born in New York City, March 23, 1847. Her maiden name was Mary T. Treadwell ; she was the daughter of John G. Treadwell. Mrs. Porter was educated at the Albany Female Academy, and was gi'aduated June 19, 1S66. She was married, March 28, 1871, to Samuel M. Porter, youngest brother of Nathan and Thomas Porter Warm as were our in- for her, and deep as over ties so abruptly ca]iacity as members wliicli we were joint to consider her in this of the Home, almost she made its interests own. She knew no ]ierity was concerned, jierainent and joyous cheered the labors of " In storm and sun- at herp(:>st. She knew Ibime, and every loved her. So close with her that, in their singing, her glance or intelligence and was and obeyed l>y them. Executive Commit- the "Wardrobe Corn- have been incessant; praise can we accord that she was faithful " Suddenly, in the activities, the work History ok Montci.air Township. 157 (see liistory of Porter Family i atid a nieiuhcr of tlie tiriii of Porter Pros, tfe Co., inercliaut.s, of New York City. Mrs. Porter resided in Xew York for some years after her husband's death. March 10, 1876. Desir- ing to be near the home of her Iiusband's brothers she removed to Montehiir in tlie spring of 1S79, and built the residence Xo. 20 Harrison Avenue, now occujiicd by lier fatiier and her ciiihh'en. She left two cliildren — Bertha Treadwell and Charles Willson. MorXT.MN-SlDK IIOSPITAF. AS80CIATIOX. The necessity for a ])ul)lic hospital in this locality was brouglit about by an incident wliicli occnricd in the summer of l^'M), the jiartieulars of which are given in tlie Secretary's rejiort of tlie Asst)ciatioii : " A lady driving thrnugh tlie streets of Montclair one day, during the summer of lS!1(t, saw a little child fall from a tliii-d story window to the flagged pavement below. Her syni])athies being aroused, she stopped to iiKjnire int(j the condition of the little one. The child was seriously injured and needed pi'onipt attention. Her heart ached to see him, bleeding and unconscious, placi-d in a grocery wagon and carried away, and on her way home the question uppermost in her mino was : Why, when there is so much of c(»mfort and plenty in our town, is there not a place provided to which those suffering from accident or sickness, and who are unable to secure proper treatment in their homes, can be carried ( The thought began immediately to take shape. Her heart warmed more and more on the subject, until she was com- ]iclled to enlist the interest of her friends, which resulted in a meeting called to consider the establish- ment of a HoS|iital in Montclair, held at the residence of Mrs. ])enby, on Mountain Avenue, June 10, ISDO." There were sixteen ])ersons present, twelve ladies am] four gentlemen. Di-. Francis was appointed Cliairman, and, after considerable discussion, the Rev. Dr. Bradford offered the following Uciohitlon : " That in our (i|)inion the time has come when some movement should be made looking toward the establishment of a hospital in our midst." The resolution was adopted and a committee appointed, to report a j)]an of organization, etc., whieli was done, and action taken in accordance therewith. At a subsecpient meeting a Board of Governors was appointed, consisting of twelve ladies from Montclair, eight from Bloomtield, four from Glen Bidge, and three from Caldwell. H was decided at this meeting that the Association should l>u known as the Mountain-side Hospital Association. The Association was regularly incorporated under and in ])ursuance of a certain act of the Legis- lature of the State of New Jersey, entitled •■ .\n .\it to provide for the incorporation of Associations for the erection and maintenance of Hos])itals. Intirmaiies. ()r])hanages. Asylums, arid other Charitable Institutions," approved March idnth, A. D. eighteen hundred and seventy-s-even, and the several .-upple- ments thereto. The following named Governors were appointed to manage its affairs for the first year: Nannie C. Fellowes. Justine Friend Porter. Jane F. Dodd, Margaret Jane Power, Marie Hey- burn Marshall, Mary E. Giliici't Wliite, Mary Cliai)iii Marcus, Harriet H. Duthcld. Sarah P. AVyman, Irene E. Huestis, Ida R. Condit, Anna C. Duncan, Grace H. Upson, Martha C. Gallaglier, Virginia Bioven Harrison, Sarah J. Bird. Kate P.. Dalrymple, Harriet A. Bailey, P^liza Bowden, Caroline D. Crane, Susan C. Stout, Salome G. Howell, Malinda N. \'au \'leck, C. Victoria Reynal, Kebecca M. Dodd, Adeline T. Strong and Anna S. Berry. A cottage situated on Bay Street (the dividing line between Bloomtield and Montclair), was rented, a small addition made to it, and the hospital wiis formally opened on June 2(1, 1S'.)1. The medical staff consists of Dr. John J. H. Love. Dr. James S. Brown, Dr. Chas. H. I'ailey, Dr. Richard P. Francis, Dr. Riclianl C. Xewton, Dr. Edwin M. AVard, Dr. Wm. II. White, Dr. II, "l!. Whitchornc; Dr. John W. Pinkham, Consulting Physician ; Dr. Henry Power, Pathologist. During the first four months (to October is, lS'.tl)of its existence thii-ty-eight patients were treated. From October 18, 1891, to October 1, 1892, 125 new patients were admitted, and from October 1, 1892, to October 1, 1893, 156 new patients were admitted to its wards. Mi.ss R. G. Reed, a graduate of Bellevuc Hos])ital Training School, was ai)p beds. The total cost for land, building, furniture and permanent improvements to date has been $19,7-17.19. In connection with the hospital a training school for nurses has been established, in which nurses are taught how to act in the various emergencies occurring in hospital and private nur.-ing. as well as in the accidents of ordinary life. There is a systematic course of training in cookery for the sick, the serv- ing of food and delicacies in a ])r()pL'r manner, and the feeding of helpless patients or those who resist food. The course of training includes a fixed course of instruction during two years from manuals and text-books, lectures and demonstrations. Eight nurses are now taking this course. The Board of Lady Governors are all actively interested in the work, giving, through their various comniittecs, much time and attention to the necessary duties. The funds for this work are all donated by I'esidents of the several towns included in the territory from which the hospital draws its inmates. The following is the list of the Governors, Officers and Advisory Board : Officers. — President, Mrs. Benjamin Strong; Vice-President, Mrs. Anizi Dodd ; Becording Secre- tary, Mrs. AVm. M. White ; Corresponding Secretary, Miss Elizabeth P. Freeman ; Treasui-er, Mrs. W. H. Power ; Matron, Miss K. G. Keed. Board of Governors. — Term expires 1894: Mrs. Amzi Dodd, Miss Kate Dalrymple, Miss M. C. Gallagher, Mrs. Wm. H. Power, Mrs. Benjamin Strong, Mrs. Wm. H. Wliite, Mrs. A. F. Brown, Mrs. llobt. S. Rudd, Mrs. James Gallagher, Mrs. John Van Winkle. Term expires 1895: Mrs. Anthony Bowden, Mrs. D. D. Duncan, Mrs. AVm. Fellowes, Mrs. Chas. F. Harriscm, Mrs. Lewis G. Lockward, Mrs. H. R. Norris, Mrs. Josejih Van Vleck, Mrs. AVm. F. Upson, Mrs. Chas. 11. Iluestis, Miss Eulalie A^an Leunep. Term expires 1890: Mrs. Chas. II. Bailey, Mrs. Chas. T. Dodd, Mrs. Geo. S. Porter, IVLrs. G. Lee Stout, Mrs. Josiah Decker, Mrs. Silas Stuart, Miss Margaret S. Jarvie, Miss Elizabeth P. Freeman, Mrs. II. C. Newton, Mrs. AV. S. S. Hamilton. Advisory Board.— Mr. AVm. II. Power, Mr. Paul Wilcox, Mr. R. S. Rudd, Air. Chas. D. Thompson, Mr. Amzi Dodd, Air. G. Lee Stout, Mr. Y. Merriara Wheeler. In 1S91 a suitable lot was purchased on Highland Avenue and Sherwood Street, but it was deemed advisable to defer the matter of Iniildiug for another year. In the meantime the building known as the Sheridan cottage, situated on a lot adjoining the hospital property, was rented for a year, and a small addition built to increase the accommodations. The formal opening took place on June 26th of that year. Thirty-seven cases were admitted the first year. These were treated by the Sui-gical and Medical Staff, which consisted of Dr. J. J. H. Love as President, and Drs. Newton, Bailey, Brown, White, Francis, Ward and Whitehorne. Dr. Pinkham was appointed Consulting Physician, and Dr. Henry Power, Pathologist. The total amount of cash subscriptions and donations the first year amounted to nearly $5,000. In addition to this, numerous articles of clothing, etc., were donated by generous citizens, mostly ladies. Tlie President's report for the second year showed the actual running expenses to have been $4,362 for 125 patients, four to six nurses, three servants, and occasional extra help. A number of entertainments were given during the year, and the amount of the Building Fund was increased to the sum of $5,700. The new building for the hospital was begun early in the autumn of 1892, and completed in May of the following year. The Blooiiijield Citizen, of May 27, 1893, contains the following description : The new Mountain-side Hospital building just completed, and which will be formally opened to-day, is located on the southwest corner of Highland Avenue and Sherwood Street, and faces Highland Avenue looking eastward. The History of Montclair Township. 159 main building is of Colonial type, and was designed by architect John F. Capon, and erected under his super\nsion. The hospital buildings comprise the main building, a men's ward, a women's ward, and a maternity ward. They are built to surround three sides of a hollow square, and are all connected by a spacious corridor. The new institution has been erected on the most approved plan for giving room, air and light, and the work has been done in a very substantial manner. The carpenter work was done by Israel Jacobus of Glen Ridge, the mason work by William Doyle of Montclair, the painting by John Jenkins of Bloomfield, and the plumbing by E. D. Ackerman of Bloomfield. The main building is a four story building. It has a frontage of forty-six feet on Highland Avenue, and a depth of forty-five feet. A large piazza eight feet six inches wide extends the full length of the front of the building. The roof of the piazza is supported by heavy Colonial columns, and the roof is surmounted with an ornamental railing. The building is painted a soft Colonial yellow, with light cream trimming and green shades and shutters. The interior is finished throughout with natural white pine and walls of hard finish. The flooring is of comb grained yellow pine and varnished. The building is heated by steam, lighted by gas, and the windows so arranged that every room in the building receives sunshine at some portion of the day. The steam piping and the radiators arc all beautifully bronzed with a gold tinge. In the plumbing work all the most approved devices have been used with a view to having the sanitary arrangement of the building as perfect as possible. The basement contains the laundry, coal room, heating apparatus, and the cold room. The latter contains an immense refrigerator, capable of holding a large quantity of ice and in which the meats and vegetables are kept. The floor of the basement is concrete except the laundry, which has a board floor. This room contains a large range and three earthen tubs. The heating apparatus is a Blake and Williams boiler of size No. 4. A dumb waiter starts from the basement and runs to the top floor of the building. On entering the first floor of the building through the large double doors from the piazza, the visitor is ushered into a well lighted corridor eight feet wide, full length of the building. The first room on the left of the hall is the reception room thirteen by eighteen feet in dimensions. Directly opposite on the other side of the hall is the dining room. Adjoining the reception room is the dispensary twenty feet in size. Speaking tubes and call bells connect this room with every part of the institution. Following the dispensary is the operating room, eighteen by twenty feet. This room is supplied with two wash basins, hot and cold water and other necessary appliances. Next to the dining room with a butler's pantry intervening is the kitchen eighteen by twenty-six in size. It is equipped with a large double oven range ; an eighty gallon copper boiler, a serving table and a large dresser takes up one side of the room. A ventilating contrivance carries off all the odors arising from cooking. Connected with the kitchen is a refrigerator closet, with pot closet and store room. A stairway four feet six inches wide ascends from the right side of the corridor near the centre of the Iiuilding to the second floor. At the head of the stairway on the second floor, the first room to the right is the children's ward, thirteen by eighteen. This room is heated and ventilated by the direct indirect system, taking the cold air from the outside of the building under the radiator. Turning to the left is the entrance to the main corridor of the same dimensions as down stairs, with the exception that the front is cut off for the missses' room. Light is admitted to the corridor from the hall at head of stairs, and the rear end. On the left of the corridor are four rooms for private patients, each ten feet six inches by eighteen feet, and on the right next to the lavatories is another room for private patients. The stairs to the third floor go up directly over those from the first floor and the corridor on this floor is the full length of the building with windows front and rear. The third floor contains four large bedrooms, two store rooms and two lines rooms. The fourth floor is used for general storage purposes. Particular attention has been given to the ventilation of the closet The corridor connecting the wards with the main building is six feet wide ; it is well lighted and heated. There is a fine concrete cellar under each ward. The wards are each supplied with a bath-room and hot and cold water, and a nurse room is attached to each. There is accommodation for ten patients in both the men's and women's wards ; three in the maternity ward. The door for the reception of patients is at the rear of the corridor on the first floor. The ambulance can be driven into the square and backed up to this door. The old hospital building will be used as a fever room. It is isolated from the other buildings. Three large cesspools take the drainage from the whole institution. THE M<)N'i( I..\li; Knuin, and his merry voice, as he encouraged his hounds on- ward, was often heard to the delight of the riders during the different cha.ses. In the year 1879, M'"' Frederick Meiriam AVheeler succeeded Mr. Sadler as Master of the Hounds, the kennels being located on the old Baldwin farm, now the .site of " lioswell Manor," the i)resent residence of Mr. and Mrs. (ieo. Inness, Jr. About this time a number of inend)ers from Orange and other parts of the surrounding country joined the Hunt, among whom were ("harles .\. Heckscher. Henry N. Miinu, Edward P. Tlieliaiid, Frank E. Martin, Douglas Hobinson, Jr., the Messi-s. Iludnut and Charles H. Lee. In 18S(» the kennels were moved to the vicinity of Tory Corner, about half way between Montclair and Orange, and Mr. Henry N. Munn succeeded Mr. Wheeler as Master of the Hounds. The kennels were newly stocked with a draft of very tine fo.x-hounds purchased from the sons of Sir Hugh Allen, of Montreal, and the use of live fcjxes in.stead of the " drag" was inaugurated. From this time until witliin a few years ago the Club continued the practice of fox hunting, having changed its name from the Montclair Hunt to the Es.sex County Hunt. In iss:', Mr. Charles A. Heckscher became Ma.ster of the Hounds, but was succeeded the following year l)y Mr. Edwaid 1'. Thebaud, who continued to carry on the hunting in a mo.st successful manner until the Club was altsorbed by the present Essex County Country Club. During Mr. Thebaud's time of office (1SS4 to ls;s7) tlie kennels were located in the \'erona N'aliey, where there was plenty of pasture for the hunt horses, and a comfortable club house for the use of the mendjers. It was a great sight at the opening Meets every autumn to see the pretty little club house decorated with tlowers and the Club colors, and jtresided over by a party of ladies to entertain the company, which latter never numbered less than f)iH) to 600 invited guests from the Oranges, Montclair, I'loointield, Short Hills. Morristown, Newark and New York. General Geo. B. McClellan was also a member of the Club about this time, and was frequently seen at these affairs, and his wife was usually on the reception committee, with Mrs. J. C. Wilmerding, Mrs. F. Merriam Wheeler and other well known ladies from Montclair and Orange. A band of music w'as always in attendance, and there was generally a high jumping contest of the hunting horses, after which an exhibition of the hounds on a "drag"' hunt was given over the surrounding meadows. Once every few years the Club gave amateur races, at which there was always considerable fun, if not expert sport. It was in 1887 that the Country Club absorbed the Hunt, but the Montclair riding fraternity, 162 History of Montclair Township. desiriug to still keep up the sport of Imrsebaek i-idiuj;, re-organized the Erpiestrian Club, and (hiring the last few years have been holding their Meets regularly at the residences of tlie different nieiiibers — generally on Saturday afternoons during the spring and fall seasons. The illustration on i)age 1(50 gives an excellent view of one of the Meets, which in this case was held at " Roswell Manor." In the party of lady and gentleman riders shown can be recognized the faces of some of the more recent members of the Club, whose names will be found among the list following, viz. : Mr. E. A. Bradley, Mr. H. S. McClure, Mr. Ogden Brower, Mrs. A. Ferguson Brown, Mr. Seelye Benedict, Mr. Walter Benedict, Mrs. A. E. Bostwick, Miss Bussing, Mr. D. P. Cruikshank, Miss Darwin, Miss Hawes, Miss Campbell, Miss Birdseye, Miss Hening, Miss Conradt, Mr. and IMrs. Geo. Inness, Jr., Mr. F. A. Junkin, IVIr. and Mrs. W. E. Marcus, the Messrs. Meyer, Mr. T. W. Porter, Miss Kodman, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Stewart, Mr. T. W. Stephens, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Kirlin, Mrs. Burt, Mr. AVillis Sawyer, Mr. and Mrs. A. Shroeder, Mr. Tearle, Miss Russell, Miss Eleanor Junkin, Mr. and ^Irs. F. ]\[erriaiu Wheeler, and Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Mott. MONTCLAIR CLUB. That the Montclair Club has been a jjotent factor in the ra[)id increase in tlie population of the township since 1887, any one who has observed its workings and noticed its influence on the community will freely admit. Starting with a membership of one hundred and twenty at its first public meeting, it reached about four hundred within five years; and has afforded the means of pleasure and entertainment to more than four times that number annually. The initiatory movement began in the early ])art of 1887. Mr. C. L. Topliff and Mr. II. C. Carter conceived the idea of starting a social club on a more general scale than had previously Iteen attempted in Montclair, one which should merit tlie supjiort of a large class of professional and business men who felt the iieetl <.if recreation and enjoyment after the worry, care and anxiety incident to life in the great neiii'hborins' city. These gentlemen, knowing that several ]n-evious attempts had failed, deserve sjiecial credit for proceeding in a very thorough, careful and business-like manner, to lay a foundation which should insure irltimate success. They visited the leading clubs in New York, Brooklyn and Jersey City, and communicated with others at a distance — thoroughly informing themselves oil all matters connected with club management; they studied carefully the organization-forms of many different clubs; and, finally, taking Lincoln Club of Brooklyn as a general model, prepared a tentative set of By-Laws and had them printed for distribution. They then submitted the matter to Messrs. Jasper R. Rand aiul William D. Baldwin, who, in turn, interested others ; and on June 25, 1887, an invitation was sent out inviting co-operation, signed by W. D. Baldwin, Jasper R. Rand, E. A. Bradley, E. G. Burgess, H. C. Carter, C. L. Topliff, Frederick Engle, E. B. Goodell, S. Benedict, J. II. Wilson and R. G. Park. The first meeting was held at the house of Mr. Baldwin, and subsequent meetings at the house of Mr. Bradley, and on July 27th, a large number of invitations were issued to attend a general meeting for organizing a club — the paper being signed by the above named gentlemen and others to the number of twenty five in all. The jiublic meeting was held in Montclair Hall, on August 1, 1887. Mr. W. I). I]aldwin opened the meeting; Mr. J(;hn R. Howard was elected (■hairman, and ^Ir. II. C. Carter, Secretary. The enrollment showed one hundred and twenty names f)f those wishing to become members. The By-Laws were discussed and with moditications adopted. The first Board of Directors were nominated and elected — consisting of W. D. Baldwin, Seelye Benedict, E. A. Bradley, E. G. Burgess, H. C. Carter, W. Y. Carolin, E. B. Goodell, John R. Howard, Dr. John J. H. Love and Cyrus L. Topliff; and the Directors were instructed to have the Club incorporated, and to make arrangements for temporary quarters, pending the purchase of ground and the erection of a permanent home. The first officers were Jasper R. Rand, President ; W. D. Baldwin, Yice-President ; II. C. Carter, Secretary, and C. L. Topliff, Treasurer ; Mr. Richard G. Park was elected a Director in place of Mr. Carolin, who resigned. History of MoNTcr.AiR Townshtp. 163 After iniicli searcliiiif; and investigation of eligible site.s it wa.s lieterniined to inii-cliase the property of Dr. John J. H. Love, on Church Street, as being both near to the business centre of the town and yet sufficiently retired. This was done at a cost of Sl(\nn(i, and the old dwelling-honse on the premises wa.-i altered for temporary ijuarters until such time as a club house should be put up, it being then expected that s25,(Mj(i would erect, furnish and e(piip the building. The Hoard of Directors was instructed to invite plans and estimates from five diiferent architects. To these a sixth wji^ added, later, when the scheme projiosed included a mu. and dressing i-ooms and the l)eautifuliy j)ro])(irtiiined music hall on the second thiol'; the special dining ronni. steward's apartments, kitchen, etc.. on tlii' tliii'd floor, ainl the artistic harmmiy and architectural beauty of the whole house, within and wiihdut, ccmiiine to nuike it an exceptionally ailmirable editice. Mr. ('. L. Topliff, of the Board of Directors, was very active in tlif matter, ami some of the best of the interior arrangements were of his suggestion. The Hoard pa-^si-d a special vote of thanks to ^Fr. Topliti for his "long continued and intelligent efforts in the interest of the Club, and especially in the matter of the new club house, with music liall attached." The original plans contemplated the erection of a building to cost !5.i(l,0(i(i, l)iit the addition of the mu^ic hall to the main building involved an additional outlay of §10,000. A loan on tii-st mortgage was .secured from the 2s'ew York Mutual Life Insurance Co. of $25,5 membership of t\rentv-five cents per ticket, is certainly unusual and evinces tlie great i)opularity of this method uf educational entertainment. The first public meeting after the organization of the Club was held in Montclair Hall, with an audience of about two hundred. The subject discussed was, "The Sensuous and the Spiritural in ^rnderri Literature." The speakers were Kev. "NVni. Hayes Ward, of the huJepeniJfiid, Miss Agnes McC. Ilallock and liev. Wni. F. Junkiii, I). I). The range of subjects since discussed has been verj" wide, including philosophy, science, literature, art, industrv, and even politics and reliirion, althonirh subiects beloniiinir to the two classes last named have had to be handled witii delicacy. With observance of all tlie courtesies of debate, varied and o]>- posing views have been effectively presented with entire freediiiii ; an^!to. " Shelley— Poet and Man." Ki-v. .1. 11. Kcob. Ilaniilron W. i[abie. Jieadinyn, Miss Josephine Rand. October, " The Economic Theory of Protection." Prof. \'an Buren Denslow aiiert Xevin, of London, England; October, "The Golden Age — Can it be Realized if" Rev. William Lloyd and Starr Hoyt Nichols; November, "The Pulpit and Politics," Rev. B. B. Tyler, D.D., and Rev. Charles H. Hall. D.D.; December, "Ideal Anarchy," Daniel Greenleaf Tiionipson. Edwin B. Goodell and John R. Livermore; January, 1892, "Economic cs. Political Union among English-Speak- ing Peoples (The Question of Canada)," Hon. Erastus Wiman and William II. McElroy, of the New Yorlc Trthiine ; February, "Should Immigration be Restricted f Prof. Iljalniar Hjorth Boyesen and J Ion. A. B. Nettleton, Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury ; March, "The New Education," ICifi History of Montclair Township. Piuf. Geo. II. ruliner, Prof. A. C. Perkins, President Geo. A. Gates and Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler; Ajjri/, " Woman's Place in the Labor Field," Moncure D. Conway and Miss Kate Field ; Mai/, •' Did Lord Bacon Write the So-called Shakspeare Plays?" Starr Iloyt Nichols and Eoger Foster; October, " Itelative Value of Arctic and Tropical Exploration," Gen. W. A. Greely and Cyrus C. Adams, of the JVew York Sun ; JVovemler, " The Ti-eatment of Criminals," Professor Charles L. Collin, W. M. F. Eound and P. T. Quinn ; Decemher, "Did Lord Bacon Write the So-called Shakespeare Plays?"' Part IT., Starr Iloyt Nichols and Hamilton W. Mabie. The subjects discussed in 1S93 wei-e : ./(r;i(/«/'y, " Evolution." Prof. W. B. Scott, followed by a conference of questions and answers; February, "Spirit Apparition and a Future Life," Rev. Minot J. Savage, D.D., Prof. James H. Ilyslop of Columbia College; March, "A Discourse on the Drama," Joseph Jefferson ; ^^vr//, " Sunday, and the World's Fair," Rev. Arthur Brooks, Rev. William Lloyd ; May, " Realism and Idealism," F. Ilopkinson Smith ; October, " The Silver Coinage Question," Hon. R. P. Bland, of Missouri, Hon. M. I). Harter, of Ohio; Xovember, "Labor and Law," Rossiter W. Ray- mond, Ph.D., J. W. Sullivan, of the Federated Union of Labor; December, "Business Government for Cities," St. Clair McKelway, Esq., of the Brooklyn Eagle, Dr. Lewis G. Janes, President of the Ethical Association of Brooklyn. The instant success and continuous strength of this admirable institution is a credit to its managers, not only, but to the town, which, with so many other attractions of social, musical, dramatic and general entertainment, has for over four years steadily supported the Outlook Club. It is valued by all who have enjoyed its sessions, and has educated an audience trained to quick appreciation and intelligent taking of a speaker's points, which never fails to impress the experienced talkers who discuss their selected topics. TARIFF REFORM CLUB. The nucleus of this small but energetic association must be looked for in a group of men who in 1882-8.3, chiefl}' under the inspiration of Col. George A. Miller, met for occasional readings and discus- sions of questions relating to taxation. In 1884, when the Blaine-Cleveland presidential campaign shook the party loyalty of so many Republicans, these men and others — forty-tive altogether — formed the " Independent Republican Organization," having as President, J. R. Howard ; Secretary, i. CWcw'M; Executive Committee, G. A. Miller, E. B. Goodell, S. A. Swenarton, Theo. St. John, E. B. Merritt, F. B. Littlejohn and C. H. Taylor. The organization did earnest work in that campaign, their influence then being in favor of the Democratic national candidate, while for local and congressional matters remaining Republican. The effect of their work as "protesting Republicans" was seen in the I'eduction of the customary Republican majority in Montclair, on the national ticket, from 198 to 94, in the election in which Mr. Cleveland was first chosen President. In the campaign of 1888, the same men, with some accession of numbers (seventy-five in all), formed the " Taritt' Reform Campaign Club,'' having the same Executive Committee, enlarged by the addition of Alexander D. Noyes, Dr. C. W. Butler and John R. Livermore, and, as officers: President J. R. Howard ; Vice-President, E. B. Goodell ; Secretary, Starr J. Murphy ; Treasurer, Chas. F. Droste. In that campaign the Club was very active, with circulars, addresses, and a large public meeting. Although Mr. Cleveland was defeated, his "Tariff Message of 1887" to Congress had become a rallying ground for tariff reformers generally, and while the Campaign Club of Montclair had finished tlie work for which it had been organized, its members were still interested in the cause which had brought them together, and wished for a permanent oiganizatioii. Soon after the election, therefore, a meeting was called at the headquarters of the Club, and a committee appointed, consisting of Starr J. Murphy and Edwin B. Goodell, to confer with the Reform Club of New York City and neighboring campaign clubs with reference to this, and to consider the feasibility of some form of alliance with the New York Reform Club. At an adjourned meeting, held Nov. 20, 1888, after winding up the aff'airs of the old Club, a History of Montci.air Township. 167 R'.siiliitioii was adopted tu ulTect a permanent organization to be ili(' diiiiier in Montclair CIuIj ilall, wiiicli, foi' the time, closed the Chib's activity. Haviiii;- no hical aims, and being l)ound to no political ])arty, the organization follows its own course, — sometimes being , and it was then decided to form a permanent organization. Prof. E. J. Fitzhugh, the well-known musical conductor and instructor, was engaged as leader. In order to meet the increased exjienditure, the Club determined to try the experiment of giving a public concert. All the members volunteered their assistance, and were assigned their several parts as follows : Sopranos: Mrs. L. L. Ballantine, Miss A. M. Dike, Mrs. L. T. Johnson, Mrs. E. F. Bedell, Mrs. J. B. Hawes, Miss Stella A. Liveruiore, Miss Ennna C. Conradt, Mrs. C. A, Hutcliings. Miss Fanny G. Lugar, Miss Laura B. Mills, Mrs. Flora C. Niveu, Mrs. Chas. E. Van Vleck. Contraltos: Mrs. Geo. TST. Ashley, Mrs. H. W. Hobbs, Mrs. C. H. Tissington, Miss Kate Con- radt, Miss Clara Reading, Mrs. H. K. Hawes, Miss Ella Sliafer. Tenure: James Atkins, C.H.Taylor, Arthur B. Davis, Chas. E. Van A" leek, W. N. Guyer, F. J. Hogan. Bassos: E. F. Bedell, Dr. John B. Hawes, AVilliam Y.Boyle, John Porter, Geo. A. Ilarkness, H. E. Taylor, Dr. Arthur F. Hawes, C. H. Tissington. The first concert was held at the Presbyterian Chapel, June 1, 18S(). It was conducted by Prof. Fitzhugh, and was in every respect a decided .success. Selections were nuide from well-known composei-s, and were rendered witli skill, delicacy, and good taste and judgment. The audience was a critical one, and showed their appreciation by frecjuent demonstrations of applause. Thus encouraged, the Club persevered in their efforts during eacli year to raise it to a higher plane. Well known artists were secured from abroad, and the citizens of Montclair were treated to a number of first class entertainments, and evinced their willingness to support them by subscribing to a sufficient number of tickets at a price whicli guaranteed the Club against loss. Two concerts have been lield each season, all of which have been successfiil, and the members have shown a marked improvement in form and execution. Prof. Fitzhugh remained with the Club for two seasons, and was succeeded by Mr. A. D. Woodruff. He proved to be a cajjable and energetic conductor, and managed the affairs with skill, tact and good judgment. The Club has been in successful operation for about eight years, and has proved itself worthy of the high esteem in which it is held by the peo])le of Montclair. In order to meet the increa-sed expenditures from year to year associate members have been added who are pledged to secure the Club against financial loss. The present membership is 56. The first officers of the Club were : Presideut, Dr. John Hawes; Vice-President, E. J. Bedell, History of Montclair Township. 169 Sccretarv, C. 11. Taylor: Trea.twick, .Mrs. A. K. liostwick. Miss L. R. Bouden, Mr. R. M. iioyd, Jr., Miss Mary Clark, Mi.ss Kate Conradt, Miss M. II. Cunningham, Miss 11. B. Cunningham, Mr. C. D. Du Bois. Mrs. C. 1). Dii Hois. Mrs. I). 1). Duncan. Mi.ss Lillian l-'enn, Mi.ss Bessie K. Francis. Mr. A. T. Greene. .Mr. W. 1,. (iuillaudeu, Mrs. W. L. (inillan.lcu, Mrs. R. JL Ilening, Mrs. IVaiik Hill. Mr. D, lirainerd Hunt. Jr.. Mr. George Inne.s.s, Jr.. Mr. W. K. Marcu.s, Mr. Starr J. Murphy. .Mr>. Starr J. Murphy, Mr. A. I). Noyes, Miss Josephine F. Rand. Mr. \. F. Reichclt. ^Ir. .\. T. Taylor, Mrs. C. E. Van \lcck. Miss Charlotte Weeks. The Club has had a very successful experience, and has I)een free from the petty jealousies that frequently distuib and often disrupt organizations of this character. The annual entertainments given by the Club have been very successful, and delighted audiences have received them with marked favor. The selections have covered a wide range and include farces, farce comedy, high comedy, and melodrama of the lighter sort, and some of the ])artici])ants have developed decided histrionic talent — notably ^liss .losephine Rand (now decea.sed), daughter of Jasper Rand, Esip, one of the most jjromising of all tho.se who took part in these entertainments. She was greatly admired for her artistic representations of the characters she assumed and for her many personal (jualities. Othei-s have distinguished themselves as amateurs of more than ordinary ability. Among these may be mentioned the names of Mrs. Henry Powii-. nre ^lary Clark. Mi.-s May Marvin, daughter of Dr. Marvin. Miss Stella Hogue, Mrs. D. D. Duncan. Mrs. Du Bois. Mrs. A. F. Bostwick, Miss Henedict. D. 1!. Hunt. Jr.. A. D. Noyes, Starr J. Murphy. Clarence Churchill, Mr. F. T. A. Junkin. Mr. A. F. Ilcotwick, George Iniiess, Jr., Mr. A. S. Greene and others. Besides the projectors of the enterpri.se under whose able management these entertainments have been conducted, the names of Mr. Alexander I). Xoyes. ilr. Starr J. Murphy and Mr. I). P>. Hunt. Jr., are worthy of special mention. The Club has now over a thousand dollars' worth of ti i*st-cla.ss scenery, costumes, etc., and a com- plete outfit of everything required for this class of entertainment. The present officers are : Clarence Churchill, President; R. M. Boyd, Jr., Vice-President; Charles Bull, Secretary and Treasurer. 170 History of Montclair Township. MONTCLAIR LAWN TEXNIS CLUE. This Club started as a local organization in the spring of 18S5, with a membership of al)oiit one hmidred, composed of Montclair people interested in the game. A large plot of ground on Fullerton Avenue, belonging to Mr. Alfred E. Beach, was laid out into coui-ts. Tournaments were held from time to time, and invitations extended to players of national reputation to participate- As an inducement valuable jsrizes were otfered by the Club, and the contests brought together large mimbers of people from the surrounding country and from other States, thus indirectly contrii)uting to the prosjierity and growth of the township. Several of the mcmliers became experts at the game, and challenges were given to and received from other clubs. Among the popular and well-known players who have participated in these games are; Howard A. Taylor, II. W. Slocum, E. L. Hall, Clarence Hobart, and others. The interest in the Club increased each year and received the hearty support of the community. The tennis grounds being recpiired for building purposes by the Episcopal Church in 1893, the Club was oliliged to susj)end operations, having no other available grounds. The first President of the organization was Thomas Russell, with Robert M. Boyd, Jr., as Treasurer, and James D. Freeman as Secretary. Mr. Russell was succeeded by John R. Livermore, followed by F. W. Gwinn, Seelye Benedict, and Robert M. Boyd, Jr.. the present head of the organization. UNDER THE WILLOWS. (Beside Llewellyn Road.) Chapter XI\\ Thk Medical Profession of Mo.mclaik. — J<>ii.\ .1. II. l.dvi;, M.U. — John Wakkkn Pi.nkham. ^[.D. — Cl.AKENCE WiLLARD BlTLER, M.D. — J AMES SpENCER BroWN. M.D. — ChARI.ES IIeNRY ShELTON, ^r.D. — KifiiARD C. Xewton, M.D.— Kiciiard p. Francis, M.I).— Levi Dudley Case, M.D. — Herbert \V. P'o.ster, M.D. — L. W. IIalsev, M.D. — The FoLNn?:Rs and P)Uilders of Crane I'oWN WE.-iT BlooMFIEM) AND MiiNTCI.AIR TllE FAMILIES OF CrANE, BaLDWIJ*, DoREMUS, Harrison, N[rNN, "Wmkei-er. Haki.is. Prati. ("hutknden, Pakkhurst, Boyd, Kason, Hening, Drai'er, Wilde, Wh.i.mkr, Adams. ■^^^^ TlIK MKDK AI. PROFl<:ySI(JN OF M()XT( I.AIK. •^ lias been stateil in a previous eliapter. that aiiioiifj the iiuhiceinents lield out to emigrants at an earlv ])eriiiii to settle in New .K-rsey, were tliat it was " wnrtliy tiie name of Paradise," because in addition to its natural advantages it had " no lawyers, jiln/xiviinix or ])arsons." "Wlien the Conneetieut colonists settled Newark they lnought with tlieni their "parson." but the records do not show that there was any " piiysician " ani residing in tlie vicinity of Cranetown and Bloomtiehl for more than a hundred years wi-ie dei)eudent on .Newark piiy>icians. The first one mentioned in this locality was Dr. Josepii Dodd. of Bloomfield. who lived directly opposite the present Glen Ridge .station, on Bloomfield Avenue. His practice extended throughout the entire territory, including what is now Bloomtield and Moiitclair. Dr. Eleazer Ward, father of the pre.sent Dr. Edwin M. Ward, of Bloomtield, lived on the Common of that town, and attended some families in the western portion. Dr. Joseph A. Davis, a pupil of Dr. Joseph Dodd, succeeded him, and was the principal medical man for all West Bloomtield, until the arrival of Dr. J. J. H. Love, in 1855. There was at that period, also, a Dr. Isaac Dodd, of Bloomtield, a large, fineJooking, elderly gentleman, who did considerable medical work in this section, about 185:2. A Dr. .Janes from New York City .settled here, but for some reason his stay was very short. About 1852, Dr. Elias L'llommedieu, an elderly man from Sussex County, N. J., settled here, but died in the course of a year or two after. 172 History of Montclair T(i\vnship. At the time of Dr. Love's arrival in 1855, there was no phvsician in this iiniuediate locality. Suhsequently an old gentleman by the name of Kittridge, settled here, and had a small practice during the absence of Dr. Love in the United States service from 1862 to 18tj5. Dr. Joseph A. Davis, of Bloomtield, however, attended to most of Dr. Love's patients. The first Homieopathic pliysician who located here was a Dr. Erower, who died in this vicinity. Dr. J. A. Pinkham was the first regular practitioner of tlie old school after Dr. Love. Dr. Clarence Butler, of the new school, came in 1872. Dr. Wm. ]>. Berry, now of Pasadena, Cab, lived and practiced here, until his health failed, some years before Dr. Brown. Dr. J. S. Brown came next, followed by Dr. Iviehard P. Francis, Dr. Anna L. Smith, Dr. Richard ( '. Newton, Dr. Levi W. Case, and Dr. Luther Ilalsey. Dr. Charles II. Shelton and Dr. Foster are recent additions connected with the new school of practice. JOHN JAMES IlEPtVEY LOVE, M.U.— According to tradition, John Love, the ancestor of this branch of the Love family, emigrated from the north of Ireland about 1728, and settled at Fagg's Manor, Chester County. Pa. A John Love is mentioned in Savage's " Genealogical Dictionary," as having settled in Boston as early as 1035. Dr. Love's line of descent is from the first John mentioned through Thomas, •hones and liohert. Thomas, the great-grandfather of Dr. Love, served in the " Pennsvlvania Line" during the War of the Revolution. He was commissioned May 12, 1775, Second Lieutenant of Fourth Battalion, organized in Chester County, Pa. Ilis commission is signed by " John Morton, Sjieaker of the House," and is filled out, Thomas L<:)ve, '■'■gentleman,"' a term in those days of class distinction that referred to the highest class in the social scale. He served as Aid-de-camp to Gen. Samuel Cochrane. Samuel, supposed to be a brother of Thomas, held positions of trust in Chester County, Pa., and during the colonial period served in Capt. Abraham Smith's Company of Col. Irvine's Regiment. Rev. Robert Love, the father of Dr. Love, was settled as a Presbyterian minister at Harmony, Warreii County, N. J. He married Anna Thompson Fair, daughter of John Fair, of Warren County, N. J., who was a nephew of Gen. William Maxwell, a distinguished officer of the Revolution. Dr. J. J. 11. Love, son of Rev. Robert and Anna Thompson (Fair) Love, was born in Harmony Township, Wai-ren County, N. J., April 3, 1833. He was prepared for college at a private school in Penn- sylvania, was gi-aduated at Lafayette College, Easton, Pa , completing his course of study in the Medical Dejiartment of the University of New York. He removed in 1S55 to his present locality, which was then an agrictdtural i-cgion and formed a part of Bloomfield. For many years he was the only physician in the neighborhood, and his practice extended north to the Great Notch, south to Orange, and in a westerly direction took in all the Verona Valley. His practice grew with the rapidly increasing poiMilation, and he acquired a strong hold on the peo})le, interesting himself in every enter])rise and improvement in building up a new town which he foresaw was destined to become an important sidimb of the great iuetropolis. The breaking out of the war checked these movements, and Dr. Love, like many others, felt called upon to sacrifice his personal interests, and sever the ties which bound him to this people, by offering his professional services to the Government, which was then in great need of skilled surgeons and physicians. He was commissioned Surgeon of the 13th Regiment, JNf. J. Vols., and was mustered into the V . S. service August 25, 1862. On March 23, 1863, he was assigned duty as Surgeon-in-Chief of the Third Brigade, First Division, Twelth Corps, Army of the Potomac, which duties he perfiirmed in addition to his regimental duties until August 1, 1863, when, under special orders from Corps Heiidquarters he assumed the position and duties of Surgeon-in-Cbief of First Division, Twelfth Army Corps. He continued in this position until January 28, 1861, when he resigned his commission and was honorably discharged from tiie U. S. service. During the entire period he M-as engaged in field service. As a volunteer Surgeon he was sent out by Gov. Olden and assisted in the transportation and care of the wounded after the battle of Williamsburg, Va., ]\lay 5, 1862. He was present and on duty at the battles of Antietam, Septend)er 17, 1862; Cliancellorsville, May 1, 2 and 3, 18(i3 ; and Gettysburg, July 1, 2 and 3 of the same year. The Twelfth Army Corps — of which he was then Snrgeon-in-Chicf, First Division — was subsequently sent West to re-inforce Sherman's Army ; and was consolidated with History of Montclair Township. 1Y3 the Elcveiitli, furming tlie Twentieth Army Corj)s. Dr. Love was constantly witli the army in the field, and a.s.*isted in earinij for the wonnded after the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, near Chattanooga, Tenn., in Decemlier, lSti;5. Previous to his departure fur and his service in the West, wliile Surgeon-in-C'hief of First Division, Twelfth Army Corps, he was a member of General A. S. Williams' .staff. lie served at different times under Generals Hooker and Slocuni. His rapid promotion from the position of regimental surgeon to that of Surgeon-in-Chief of a Division, was not the result of friendly or politieal intluenee, l)Ut of personal achievement and his skill as a surgeon. On his retirement from the army he returned to Montclair and resumed the practice of his profession. He was heartily welcomed by his large circle of friends and acquaititancc, and his practical knowledge of surgery, acquired by long experience in the army, proved of great advantage to liini in the renewal of his practice, as shown by his constantly increasing clientele and the increased contidence of the community in his skill as a ])liysician. As a citizen he ha-s been foremo.-t in all public impiovcmcnts -iiice the establislinient of the present township, and in the cause of education he has been pre-eminent. I'rom is.j" to 18<'p2 he was Superin- tendent of Public Schools of Bloomfield township ; anil he was one of the first after the erection of the new township of Montclair to advocate the change from tlie old system of district schools, adapted only to the wants of a country village, to the enlarged facilities and more modern im|>rovements enjoyed by the people of our large cities and towns. To these im])rovements more than to all others is due the remarkable growth ami prosperity of the townshiji, and it is due largely to the indefatigable efforts of Dr. Love that Montclair enjoys the proml distinction of having not only one of tlie largest and best equipped ^chool buildings in the State of New Jersey, but a wellconductiMl graded system, that affords eijual facilities for rich and poor alike, unsurpassed by any suburban town within a radius of forty miles of the great metropolis. Tiie strong personality of Dr. I.ove, the wisdom and tact displayed by him on all occasions, were im|)ortant factors in bringing about these results and in overcoming the opjjosition which was manifested during the early period of tliese movements. |)r. Love has been connected with the School Board since 1S65, the first six years as its President, and from that period down to the present time as its Secretary. Considering the demands on his time, due to his professional duties, he has done more to promote the cause of education than any other man, and, if measureil by the standard of dollars and cents, his con- tributions to the cau.se would exceed those of any other citizen to any arid all of the improvements that have been nuide in the townshij). He has held many positions of trust and honor, and lias assisted in fcnuiding several of the societies and associations with which he has been connected. He was President of the Essex District Medical Society in 1873 ; President of the Orange Mountain Medical Society in 1886. He gave encouragement to the enterprise, and a.ssisted the ladies of Montclair and the adjoining township in founding the ^lountain- side Hospital Association, of which he has been President since its organization, lie was a member of the Board of Managers of tiie I'oscdale Cemetery Co., at Orange, N. J., and assisted in its reorganization. He has been President of .Montclair Gas and Water Co. since 1886; was for three yeai-s a member of the -Montclair Townsliip Committee ; member of the Board of Trustees of the Presbyterian Church. His interest in military affairs began in ISfil, when he was made Colonel of the First Bcgiment, Es.sex Co. Militia, Continuing until he went to the front in 1 St!:*, as Surgeon of the Thirteenth Regiment, N.J. Volunteers, with subsequent promotions given in his military record. Since the close of the war he has been active in promoting the cause of the veterans of the war. He assisted in organizing the Society of Veterans of Twelfth .Vrmy Corps, and has been its Secretary since 1881. He was one of the organizers of the Society of Veterans of Thirteenth Regiment, N. J. Volunteers, was elected its Treasurer in 1SS6, and President in 1889. He is also a memlier of the New Vork Commandery, Military Order of the Loval Legion of the United States. Dr. Love married, in 1860, Miss PVances J. Crane, daughter of Judge Zenas Crane, of Montclair, son of Aaron, who was the son of Job, who is supposed to be a grandson or great-grandson of Azariah, 174 History of Montclair Township. son of Jasper Crane, one of the founders of Newark, N. J. The issue of this mamage is Edith, who married diaries E. Stockder, of Meriden, Conn., Marion (unmarried), and Leslie, now a Sophomore at Princeton, Class of '95. In person Dr. Love is large, well proportioned, of commanding presence, resolute, determined, full of nerve and energy ; cautious until convinced, after careful investigation, of his position, when no amount of pressure can swerve him from the course he has marked out for himself. Generous alike to friend and foe, fearless in the discharge of every known duty, regardless of public opinion or personal considera- tions, a man of spotless integrity and uprightness of character. JOHN WAEREN PINKHAM, :\[.D.— Kicuard Pixkham, t!ie American ancestor of this family, came from England before 1640, with the New Hampshire Colony, and settled in Dover, N. H. He was ordered by a vote of the town in 1G48, to "beat the driimme'' on Lord's day to call the peojile to meet- ing. The spot where he dwelt is said to be the same on which stood the Pinkham garrison, which Richard afterward made his habitation. Elijah, the grandfather of Dr. Pinkham, removed to Gardiner, lie., in ISOO. The mother of Dr. Pinkham was Fanny Sampson, daughter of Cyrus, a direct descendant of Henry Sampson, of Plytnouth, who came over in t\\Q Mayjfower in 1620. Dr. John W. Pinkham, the subject of this sketch, was born in Gardiner, Me., was prepared for college at the "Friends" Boarding School, in Providence, P. L, and was graduated at Haverford College, Delaware County, Pa., in 1S60, and was for some time afterward engaged in teaching school. He was instructor at Haverford College for a year, and was graduated in medicine at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, in 1866. He also attended a course of lectures at Berkshire (Mass.) Medical College, and at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. He began practice in New York City in 186<), and one year later removed to Montclair. Dr. Love at that time was the only practising physician in this locality. Dr. Pinkham soon achieved a reputation as a skillful physician, and was not long in obtaining a lucrative practice. Dr. Piidcham continued in active practice for nearly a quarter of a century, and during that period made many warm friends, who had great confidence in his skill as a physician. A severe illness in 1890 necessitated a change of climate and a temporary abandonment of his practice, much to tlie regret of his large circle of friends and acquaintances. Dr. Pinkham has given much attention to the subject of sanitary science, and has made occasional contributions to the various medical journals throughout tiie country. His contribution to " AVood's Household Practice of Medicine" on the subject of Hygiene, Sewerage and Water Supply, forms one of the most interesting chapters of that work. It was translated into the Spanish language and copied into the Spanish medical journals. He has read pajjers on this subject before tlie New Jersey Sanitary Asso- ciation, and on various medical subjects before the Essex Medical Society and the Orange Mountain Medical Society. Dr. Pinkham has been too much absorbed in the practice of his profession to take part in the public aifairs of the town ; he served, however, as township physician for some years. He was the first physician ever appointed to the position, and held it until he retired from active practice in 1890. He was one of the founders of the Mountain-side Hospital, and has been for some time consulting physician. He assisted in organizing the New Jersey Academy of Medicine, and is a member of the Essex District Medical Society, and the Orange Mountain Medical Society. He served one term as President of the County Society. He is a i-epubh'cun in politics, and served one year as President of the Montclair Republican Club. Dr. Pinkham married Cornelia, daughter of Stephen A. Frost, Esq., of New York City, whose immediate ancestors were settled at Matinecock, L. I. Stephen A. I'rost, above-mentioned, the father of Mrs. Pinkham, removed to Montclair in 1867, where he died in 1892. f s^* ''^^^^^ yo-ivyi^ YV''cL-vt.£.K, ir ivL.k.Pvtx.ni^ , 7\.kl^ . History of Montclair Township. 175 ifrs. Pinkham's motlier was ifatilda Bowne, daughter of Robert L. Dowiie, son of George Howne, of Flushing, L. I., wlio was the sou of Kobert Howne. George L. i>owne, referred to above, great-grandfather of -Mrs. I'inkliaju, married Abii;ail Smitli, daughter of Hon. Samuel Smith, of Burlingtoi , \. J., a descendant in the sixth generation of William Smith, of Braliam. Yorkshire. England, born A.I). l.^T". one of the founders of the Society of Friends. This was a family of great prominence wliich heltl lands directly from the Crown. lion. Samuel Smith, tlie great-great-grandfather of ilrs. I'inkham. wa.s Treasurer and Secretary of the Council of 2sew Jersey, under the British Crown, in the period immediately preceding the Revolution. lie wa.s the author of a valuable history of the Province of New Jersey. THE IM'TLER AND WILL.\i;i) FAMILIES. Clare.vck Wii.i.aki) lU n ku, .M.D. — Dr. I'.titler was lioru in liellevue, Ohio, May 1, 1848, only son of Rev. Jeremiah Butler, a Congregational minister, who was a graduate of Obcrlin College, Ohio, and one of the most thorough theologians of his day. His first pastorate was at Bellevue. Ohio, from whence he m(,iveil to AVestern New Yoi-k, and wa.-^ settled for seventeen years at Fairjmrt. ^lonroe County, X. Y. He was the son of Sti'phen, born in Durham, Conn., March 2t>, ITT'i, niarried Hannah Ward; grarid>on of •//>/// /(i/(, l)orn in Durham, Conn.. lT4ti, married Ann Coe, and was descended — proltably — from Dea. Richard Butler, who came from Braintree, Esse.x County, England, and .settled in Cambridge, Mass, in 1632, and removed thence with Rev. Thomas Hooker's party to Hartford, Conn., where he had si.xteen acres in the fii-st division. The ancestors of the Butler fann'ly came from Normandy to England with tlie Concpieror. Their original name was Fitz Walter, from Walter, one of their ancestors. Theobold F'itz Walter came to Ireland with Henry II., in 1172, ami had the office of Chief Butler of Ireland conferred on him, the duty attached to which was to attend on the Kings of England, and present them with the tii-st cup of wine. From the office of Butlership of Ireland they took the name of Butler. The nuiiden name of Dr. Butler's mother was Louisa Olive Willard, whose ance.stor. Major Sltnon Wi/liirJ, born in Ilorsmondoii, England, 1611.5, came to New England in Kiol. He was a noted man in the colony ; was Commander-in-Chief of the military force in King Philip's AVar. He had a son, liev. 6'a7nin'/ ll'/Z/arc?, born Jan. o I, lt;40, pastor of Old South Church, Boston. He had by his first wife eight and by his second wife fourteen children — twenty-two in all. One of these, a son. Major John WiUdnl, born lt'.73, had a son, Rev. Siimiel Willan), born at Kingston, Jamaica, 1705, was educated at Boston, Mass., and became the first settled minister in what is now the State of Maine ; he married Ahiijuil />(/vV//(^, a descendant in the same line of President Dwight, of Yale College; they had i>sue, four children, one of whom, Rtv. Joseph Willard, I ).D., was President of Harvard College. The eldest son. Rev. ./o//« Wilhinl, D.D., also married a Dwight, and was the father of Rev. Josejyh \\ illitrfl, who marrierofe5sional opponents are among bis warmest personal friends. During his long and successful practice, Dr. Butler has acquired more than a local reputation. lie is not only called into consultation with his professional brethren in different parts of New Jersey, but in New York and Brooklyn, and is recognized as one of the most skillful and best informed practitioners of homa?opathy in this State. He is a member of the American Institute of Honioeopathy, the International Hahnemannian Association, of which he was President in 1S91 ; of the New Jersey' State Medical Society, of which he was President in 1888 ; was Vice-President of the International Homoeopathic Congress, which held one of its five yearly meetings at Atlantic City, N. J., in 1890. Although one of the busiest men in the township, Dr. Butler has found time to devote to jmlilic affairs. As a staunch democrat he has fought with the minority for twenty years, and has witnessed the steady growth of his party both in strength and in numbers, frequent accessions having been made from the ranks of his opponents. For sixteen years he has been Chairman of the Democratic Committee and the recognized leader of the party in Montclair, and through bis able management the part\' has reduced the majority of its opponents and occasionally scored a victory. The party was witliout an "organ"' in Montclair until 1892. In 1890, a stock company was organized which started the 2[on(daii' Ilerahl, run in the interest of the democracv. It was not a political or financial success, and, in 1S92. Dr. Butler purchased the stock, and made it a thorough democratic paper. "Within a year it donl)]ed its circulation, and is now recognized as one of the best party journals in the State. Dr. Butler inherits the prominent traits of both his paternal and maternal ancestors. He is aggressive without being offensive. Obstacles to success in an}' undertaking must be removed — by direct assault if necessary, if not by slow approaches, but nothing can swerve him from a course he has once marked out for himself. In October, 1877, Dr. Butler married Mary E., oldest daughter of II. II. and Eunice Wilcox, of Adrian, ilichigan. Thongli not a "society man," Dr. Butler is prominent in all social affairs. He was one of the original members of the Montclair Clul), and served three vears as a member of the Board of Control. He is a membei' of the Watcbung Lodge, F. & A. M., and though heartily endoi'sing the jn'inciples of Freemasonry, is al)le to devote but little time to that special object. JAMES SPENCER BROWN", M.D.— Dr. Brown may be classed among the ""Waterbnry Colony" of Montclair, having been born in AVaterbury, Conn., March 2:^ 18(')o, and is a direct descendant of one of the early settlers and most prominent residents of that town. His American ancestor, Francis I>rown, was one of the company who came to New Haven in advance of the colony and spent the winter of 16:17-8 in a lint on the corner of what is now Church and George Streets. He signed the Colony Constitution in lOoU. He married Mary Edwards, in England, and, among other children, had a son Samuel, who married Mercy Tuttle in 1679; Francis, one of their children, born in 1679, married Hannah Ailing; of this marriage there was a son Sfejdie?!, born August 10, 1713, who married Mabel Bradley; they had a son Stephen, born January 15, 1750, who settled in "Windsor, Conn., where he married Eiinicc Loomis. Of the issue of this marriage there was a son James, born in Windsor, December 2, 1776. James became a resident of Waterbnry, Conn., in 1802, and found employ- ment with Lieut. Ard Williams, a manufacturer of fire-arms. In early life he connected himself with History of Moxtclair Township. 177 a military company, and tiually became colonel of tlie regiment, lie was an original partner in tlio tliinl rolliiiir mill erected in Waterlmry in l>^.'?ii, afterward known as the Hrowii-Elton Company, and continned a mendjer of that iirm nntil his death. lie was a mend)er of the First Congregational Church, and was made deacon in 1818, and during the remainder of his life was known as " Deacon Brown.'' He was also a prominent member of the ^[a.sonic Fraternity. It is said of him. that he ''was remarkable for his truth and industry, and sobriety" ; a most exemplary man, faithful in all the relations of life. He married Lavinia "Welton, of AVindsor. Among other children, they had a son Augustus, born August 20, 1811. who married Sophia, daughter of .lacob De (iroff, of Poughkeepsie, a descendant of one of the old Ilolhuid families of New York State. James Spencer Brown, the subject of this sketch, was the son of Augustus and Sophia (De Groff) Brown. lie was early left a fatherless orphan, and at about eight years of age he removed with his mother and sister to B>rooklyn, X. Y. He re- ceived a thorough educa- tiiin at the Polytechnic Institute, and after two years' experience in a business house he deter- mined to study medi- cine, having a natural taste in that direction. He entered the College _»^^i^: "»». "^ Physicians and Sur- g(><>ns, grad uating in JM^^^Ifi^^^ lSs4,and soon after went tiiEurope.ciiutinuinghis W ^^^^^ medical studies at the University of Ileidel- ^ ^^^^ berg and Guy's Hospital of London. Being fully ij^ ^^^^ C(juip])etl for the duties of his profession he re- " ^^y turned tt) his native land in 1885. His mother at -^ i/' this time had been five years a resident of All mt- ■*>^^ *-^ clair, and through the advice of his profession- *" al bretiiren he was in- duced to locate there. .^B ^ ^L .Mthough the youngest in his profis.-ion his skill ^ ^^^^^^ as a surgeon and physi- cian soon becameknown, ^^"^1^^^^^^^^^ '^"'^' '"^ ^'^'^ enjoyed a continued increasi ng / ^^^^^^B^ •'"'' hierative practice. He has performed many ' important operations in surgerv, and was the first one of the local sur- geons to jierform an ah- dominal section, and was also the first to operate for ajipendicitis. He performed successfully the operation of sym- physeotdiny, the first of the kind in this State, and the twentv-ninth in the United States. He is highly esteemed by his professional brethren ; is Secretary of the Orange Alountain Medical Societv, a member of the Essex Aledical Society, and has been for six years township physician. He married, December 9, 1SS7, Helen B.. daughter of Thomas Pussell, Esq., one of the most prominent and best known citizens of Alontclair, and a representative of one of the old Scottish families. It is of great antiquity, its ancestors having accompanied Edward III. to the siege of Berwick and to the battle of Ilallydon Hill in 13.33. The Russell, or, as it was formerly written, Tlozel, from whom this family descends, then settled in Scotland, and was denominated Ilusscll, of that ilk. The motto, " Proinjilns,'' inscribed on the arms, has always been a prominent characteristic of this family. ClIAKLES HENRY SHELTO.X. M.D.— Daniel Shelton, the founder of the Shelton fan)ily in this country, came from Yorkshire, England, in KiSfi, and settled in Stratford, Conn, lie resided in Stratford until about 1T<'T, when he settled at Long Hill, in Huntington, where he died in 1728. 178 History of Montclair Township. Charles S. Shelton, the father of Charles Ileury, was a native of Huntington, and a lineal descendant of Daniel, the ancestor. He became a missionary physician, stationed at Madura, East iTidies. He married Miss Henrietta Hyde, a descendant of the famous Annie Hyde of England, through William Hyde, the American ancestor, one of the original proprietors of Norwich, Conn. Dr. Charles Henry Shelton was born at Jaffna-Patam (Jaifna-Patam was a small island on the north-west coast of the large island, Ceylon), on the Island of Ceylon, May 14, I85i, his father having been a temporary resident at that place. His father returned to this country in May, 1856, and settled in Davenport, Iowa; from thence he moved to Springfield, 111., in 1859, and at the breaking out of the war became surgeon of the First Engineer Corps of the West. Charles H., the son, began his studies at the pulilic school of Springfield, and in 1S69 came East with his parents (they having settled in Jersey City, N. J.), and was prepared for college at Hasbrouck Institute, Jersey City. He entered Yale and was graduated in the class of 1877. He studied medicine with his father (who had liccome a convert to the school of liomceopathy in 1867), and was graduated at the New York Ilonueopathic Medical College in 1880. His father having died in 1879 he began practice in Jersey City while still a student, and continued liis father's practice for four years. He removed to Montclair in the autunui of 1883, and soon secured a good clientele. He located (was for a few months on Clinton Avenue) on Fullerton Avenue and later removed to Grove Street. His practice has steadily increased and he has made many converts to the new school of practice. For the first few years he was active in the Congregational Church and Sabbath- school, but of late years the duties connected with his profession have absorbed his whole time. He is a member, and was formerly Vice-President of the New Jersey State Homoeopathic Society ; he is also a member of the New York Homoeopathic Alumni Association, the New York Club for Medico-Scientific Investigation, and other medical societies. He was one of the organizing members of the Montclair Club. He married, in 1882, Miss Henriette Adele Huggins, a granddaughter of Henry Wood, Esq., at one time a prominent merchant of Jersey City. Issue, four chikli'cn : Henry Wood, Nettie May, Willis Huggins, and Charles Keith (deceased). KICHARD COLE NEWTON, M.D.— Dr. Newton was born in lloxbury, Mas?., July 23, 1851. He removed with his parents to South Orange, N. J. in 1857. He was ])repared for college by Kev. Frederick A. Adams, and was graduated from Harvard in 1874, and from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, in 1877, and spent eighteen montlis as an interne in the Charity Hospital, New York. He entered the U. S. Army in 1880 as Assistant Surgeon ; was post sui'geon at Fort Stanton, New Mexico, for two years; at Fort Cummings, New Mexico, one year; at Fort Sill, Indian Territory, one year, and four years at Fort Elliott, Texas. While at the latter place Le was promoted to the rank of Captain. He came East in the fall of 1887, and was stationed at David's Island, New York harbor. The following year he came to Montclair. where he has since continued. He resigned his commission in the Army in May, 1889. He is a member of the County Medical Society; State Medical Society; Orange Mountain Medical Society ; the Society for the Pelief of Medical Men of New Jersej' ; the Society of the Military Surgeons of New Jersey, and various other societies and clubs. RICHARD P. FRANCIS, M.D.— Dr. Francis was born in New York City, March 8, 1861 ; removed with his parents to Montclair in 1868; was graduated at the High School in 1877; continued his studies at a private school in New York for two years; was graduated at Harvai'd in 1883, and took his medical course at Harvard Medical School. He spent eighteen months in IJoston City Hospital and returned to his home in Montclair in 1888. He was for two years associated with Dr. Pinkham, and, on the retirement of the latter, became his successor in practice. He was one of the founders of the Montclair Hospital, and has been Secretary of the Medical Staff since its organization. He was one of the original members of the Montclair Protective Association. He is a member of Montclair Club, and is Health Inspector of the township. History of Montclair Township. 179 LEVI W. CASE. M.D.— Born in Frencbtown, Uunteidon Co.. X. J.. January 2S, 1850. lie received his preparatory course at Ilightstown, N. J., and was graduated at Lafayette College in the class of '74. He taught school at the High Street. Newark. Academy one year, and was two years a teacher in the celebrated Charher In,~;titute of New York. He prosecuted his medical studies during a portion of the time; entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, graduating in 1880, and in the spring of that year began practice in Chester. Morris Co., N. J., where he remained for nine years, until 1889, when he removed to Montclair. He is a member of the County ^[cdical Society; .Morris County iledical Society, and the Microscopical Society. He is examining physician fur the Ancient Order of United Workmen, also for the Knights of Honor. IlEKBERT WEST FOSTER.— Born in Putnam. Conn. Prepared for college at the Putnam lUah School, but did not enter. AVas ''radiiated at the New York llomu'oputliic Medical Colleiie, in tjie spring of 1^91 ; served on the house .-taff at Ward's Island Hospital, l)ci>artment of Public Cliurities and Corrections, from May, 1891, to May, 1892; was tiieu Resident Physician of the Hahnemann Hospital, New York, from May, ls92. to ^fay, 1893. when he began practice in Montclair, with the endorsement of some of the most eminent physicians of the " new school." The following is a brief outline of liis ancestry : Tinu)thy Foster, of Walpole. Mass., bought land and settled in Dudley in l~is. The following is on the gravestone of his youngest son, Josepli. who lived at Windham. Conn.: " He enlistetl in the Army of the Revolution at Vi years of age and was one of Vi brothers who together with tiieir father, served in the war in the aggregate over 60 years." Timothy Foster's eldest son, Ebenezer, had a son, Peleg. who was the doctor's great-grandfather. On his mother's side, Moses Wild .settled in western Ma.ssachu.setts in lOI'.S. He married, and, after several generations, Miriam Wild married Earl Westgate, of Portsmouth. K. 1 , who was the doctor's great-grandfather. Among other other family names are West, Davis, Harris, Shepardson, Coltuii and I'uller. L. \V. HALSEY. M.D.,— Born in liinghamton, N. Y., entered Oberlin College in 1879; was graduated at the College of Physicians in lss;i, serving a portion of the time in the hospital; began ])ractice in bis native town in 1>8;1 succeetling his maternal grandfather, who for fifty years was a resident l)hysieian in that place. In 1892 he sold his practice and came to Montclair. His paternal grandfather was a prominent lawyer of Binghamton. was twenty years Surrogate of Suffolk County, N. Y.. and was for two years State Senator, fifteen years Presiding Judge, and one term Surveyor-General of the State. lllSToKV (»F THE CRANE FAMILY. The family of Crane is fjuite ancient and li(jnorable. Ualiiii Drake accompanied Sir Francis Drake to America in 1577, and Robert Crane was of the first company that came to Massachusetts Bay in 1630, Sir Robert Crane was of Essex (bounty, England, in 1630 ; and Sir Richard, in 16-13, was of Wood Rising, Norfolk, England. First Genekatio.v. Jasper Cka.ne (1) and Alice, his wife, came from London in l63. On the union of the two Colonies he was chosen an assistant (Senator) to the General Court at Hartford. He was Justice of the County Court at New Haven in 166-1-5, one of the magistrates convened at Hartford l>y the Governor in 1665, and one of the assistants and magistrates of Connecticut in 1665-6-7, and magistrate in the New Ilaven Colony in 1658. Jasper Crane did not remove with the first company that went to settle (Milford first called) Newark, N. J,, though he was one of the 23 persons who signed the first contract in 1665. On January 20, 1667, a new church covenant was formed for those who left Branford, and Mr. Crane headed the list of signers and church members under the new organization, with others, who signed the agreement in 1665, and after disposing by deed of his property at Branford in 1667-8 he joined his associates at Newark. He, with Bobert Treat (afterward Governor of Conn.), were the first nuigistrates in Newark. In 1668-9 they represented Newark in the General Court the same year, and were again chosen deputies in 1669-70. In 1675 he was deputy and magistrate at Newark. He was one of the purchasers of the Kings- land farm, a large tract of land located at what is now Bellville. He was ranked with the strong-minded men of Connecticut and New Jersey, lived to an advanced age, and died in 1 68 1 . His sons, John and Deli ver- ance, had seats in the first meeting house in Newark. Children: John Crane; Hannah, who married Thomas Himtington, one of the signers of the "Branford Agreement"; Deliverance, or Delivered, born July 12, 1642, died without issue; Azariah, born 1647, died November 5, 1730, aged S3 years; he mar- ried Mary, daughter of Robert Treat, Governor of Connecticut. When Mr. Treat left New Jersey for Connecticut he "betrusted his property at Newark to his son, Deacon Azariah Crane, who lived in the stone house at Newark, and was a man of integrity and standing." "Deacon" Azariah had issue: Nathaniel, Azariah, Jr., John, Robert, Mary Baldwin and Jane Bull. Jasper, Jr., born at East Haven, April 2, 1657, removed with his father to Newark. He pur- chased the estate of Robert Lyman in Newark in 1682, after Mr. Lyman retui-ned to New England. Jasper died March 18, 1712, aged 61 years. Second Genekation. "Deacon" Azariah Crane, third child of Jasper (1) and Alice Crane, was born, 1647, probably at Branford, then a part of the New Haven Colony. He died, Nov. 5, 1730, aged 83. He was one of the sioners of the " Fundamental Agreement," a deacon in the First Church of Newark, and held many offices of trust in the " Towne." He left his "silver bole" to be used by "the church in Newark forever." He married Mary, daughter of Robert Ti-eat, one of the original settlers of Newark, and afterward Governor of the Connecticut Colony. "In the overturn of the govermnent by the Dutch," in 1673, he " was betrusted with the concerns of his honorable father-in-law, ilr. Robert Treat." In 1715, he is spoken of by himself as having been "settled" for many years at the mountain. He had two sons, Nathaniel and Azariah, both born or lived in Cranetown "by the spring." (This, according to the statement of Joseph Doremus, was what is now known as the Frost property on the northeast corner of Myrtle Avenue and Orange Road.) He had also -lohn, Robert, Mary Baldwin and Jane Bull. History of Montclair Township. 181 Third Generation. Nathaniel BDd Azariah Crane, Jr.. sons of "Deacon" Azariali and Mary (Treat) Crane, founders of tlie Crane family of Cranetown. NATHANIEL CRANE AND HIS DESCENDANTS. Naihaniel (1), eldest son of " Deacon " Azariali and Mary i^Treat) Crane, was born in the town of Newark, and was one of the founders of Cranetown. He married and had issue, William, Noah and Nathaniel (2). FoiKTU Gexer.\ti().v. — Link ok Natii.\.niel. Wh-liam (1) Crane, eldest son of Nathaniel (1) (Deacon Azariah, Jasper) was born in Cranetown. During the war of the Revolution, he was Lieutenant in Spencer's Regiment, Continental Army; Captain, ditto, March. 1777. He married and hud issue: Matthia.s. James, Isaac, Jonathan. Jonas. William r2), Zadoc, Oliver. Noah Ckaxe, second son of Nathaniel (1). (Deacon Azariah, Jasper) was born in Cranetown, Mav 1, 171'.t. He married Mary and had issue: Samuel, born Oct. -iO, 1740 ; E.sthcr, born Feb. 12, 174'.>; Joseph, born Feb. 1, ITol, died November, ls:!2. married Hannah, daughter of Daniel Lamson ; Elizabeth, born Ainil l.t. 1753; Caleb, born Jan. 17. 17i'>_', died Sept. 17, 17()S; "Major" Nathaniel n'l. born Oct. 29, 17.J7; Mehitalilc. born June 17, 1 7ti4, married Gen. "William (iould of Caldwell, an otiicer of the Revolution; Mary, born 1700, died Sept. '.», 17<;s; Nehemiah, born July I, 1771, died Sept. 27, 1777. FifTn Generation. — Line of Natiiami i.. Matthias Crank, eldest son of WiUlmi, (i) i Nathaniel, Deacon Azariah, .lasper), was l)orn in Cranetown. lie married Elizabeth, daughter of Job Crane, and had issue: Israel. Oliver Crane, youngest son of WUllam (Nathaniel, Deacon Azariah, Jasper), was born in Crane- town. He married Susannah I'aldwin, a descendant in the tiftli generation of John Haldwin, Sr., one of the oriirinal settlers of Newark. Tliev had issue: Stipheii Fvidlunn, Lvdia Sarah, .\nios, Zouhar, Nathaniel M., Isaac "W., and Rachel, who married Amos I.aldwin. Samiel Crane, eldest .sun of Xoah (Nathaniel. Deacon Azariali, Ja.sper) and Mary Crane, was born at Cranetown, October 'J, 174eriod would have been a "railroad king." In early life he entered Princeton College, intending to study for the ministry, but was compelled to give uj) his studies in consei|uence of failing health. He then entered upon an active business career in which he met with almost unprecedented success in every undertaking. He was a ju-ince among country merchants, and did the most extensive business of any man or iii-m for miles around. He opened and brown-stone quarry largest in this part of the times from three to four jected the Newark and which opened a large ex- enhancing the value of fording the farmers bet- ing their produce to mar- in this enterprise were He was president of the ly acquired their inter- owner of the property, to utilize the iimiieuse saic Falls, near I'aterson, second cotton mill. He power on Tony's Brook, ton mills on the stream, to the Wildes. In the sive business interests he gacity, and great execu- time he gave encourage- every new enterprise thar He did more to develop than any man before or and upright in all his 1 a r K e-liearted 1 i beral i t v . the DJooinfield Presbyte- Pev. Stephen Dodd. in to " Israel Crane, w h o IsKAEL CKA-NE. developed an immense in Newark, one of the country, employing a t hundred men. He pro- Pom pt on Turnpike tent of country, thereby farm property, and af- ter facilities for transport- ket. Associated with him N e w Y o r k capitalists, company and subsequent- ests, and became sole He was one of the first water piower of the Pas- aud erected there the controlled the water and erected the tirst cot- which he afterward sold management of his exten- displaycd wonderful sa- tive ability. At the same ment to and promoted gave promise of success, this region of country since. He was honorable dealings, and a man of In an historical sketch of rian Church. pre|)ared by 1854, reference is made was earlv chosen a ruline Elder, and still retains the office, and who bore a prominent part in the erection of the house, and to whose prudent and enlightened counsels, and acknowledged ability and enterprise, the church and parish will ever feel their indebtedness, and who, in a green old age, is permitted to rejoice in 3'our prosjierity." Mr. Crane at that time was one of the two only remaining members out of fifty-nine from the First Church in Orange, and twenty-three from the First Chui-cli in Newark, who, in the month of June, 1798, withdrew from the above named churches and organized the church at Bloom field. When, in 1837, it was proposed to start a church in the '"Upper Village," or AVest Bloomtield, he entered heartily into the work, and gave lilierally toward tlie new enterprise, his own children becoming faithful and consistent members of the First Presbyterian Church of West Bloomfield. History of Montclair Township. 183 Mr. Crane inarried Fannv, daiifiliter of Dr. Matthias Piei-son, of Orange, the first resilient physician at the Newark Mountains, a sireHt-ocrand.son of Tiionia.s I'icrson, one of tlie Associates from BranfonJ, of the Xew Haven Colony, who settled in Newark in KltiO. It is said he was a near kinsman, and probably a brother of Rev. Abraham Pierson, who came with the colony as its minister. Tiie issue of Israel and Fanny (I'ierson) Crane was Mary Stockton, died youuff ; Alattliias, Eliza — wife of Captain Ephraini l!eacli. the civil engineer, who hiid out the Morris Canal al)0ut 1S2S — Abigail, wife of Dr. Isaac Dodd; Mary and James. Stkphkx FoKiniAM Ckaxk, elde.^n-J. He married Susan, daughter of Jcp- tlia r>id^), son of J'eiijamin ( IJenjamin, .loseph, -lolin Baldwin, Sr., one of the original settlers, who .signed the "Fundamental Agreement"). Matthias Crane was a farmer, and resided at the homestead on ]jloomtielyse(juently pureliased by Crant J. Wheeler, and now occupied by the hitter's son. "Stjuire" Crane, as he was known, began life as a clerk in the store of .lub Dudd, in l!liMiiiiticltable for IJloomfield township. A year later, <>n the breakinjr out of the war of lsl2, he responded to his country's call, and, though a mere vouth, shouldered Ills flint-lock musket, and enlisted in a .New Jci-sey regiment, doing .service at Sandy Hook, and in the southern jtart of the State, defending the coast against the invading forces. On his return he entered the militia .service, and on May 15, 1S21, was made lieutenant, and .-ubseiiuently captain, of the First Company, Second Battalion, of the Fifth Itegiment, acting as such for more than eleven years. In lS-2t5 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace by the Legislature, which office he held with great credit for tifty-four cou-secutive years. JL's rulings during all this time were never reversed by those of a higher court, and the decisions rendered by him were at all times .sound and logical, lie received an ap- pointment as Comnii.ssioner of Decils a year later, and in 1. S3 7 he was ajipointed a Lay Judge of Essex County, in which capacity he serveil until 1853, when he was also appointed a Master of Chancery. When the building of the present court house was proposed, Judge Crane was one of the members of the Building Committee. There wa-<, perhaps, not another man in Es.se.\ County who was so well informed as to the genei'al transactions in real estate, since Judge Crane wa.s a surveyor and surveyed the lands and prepared the deeds for nearly every transaction made in this vicinity for fifty yeai-s. He was also one of the corporate members of the mountain, near the lands of Mr. Pillsbury, and from thence to the Old Koad, then known as the I'omptoii Turnpike, the lands being iiounded on the east and west by \'alley lioad and the CaMwell Townsiiip line. At the Presidential election in 1880, Judge Crane and " Uncle" Nathaniel R. Dodd marched to the polls early in the morning, the former bearing aloft an American flag. Quite a nmnber of voters had preceded them, but all waited until the two old veterans had deposited their ballots. The Judge was a loyal adherent to his country, a staunch supporter of the old Whig party, and subse(iuently an uncom- promising Bepublican. He was married to Mi.-s Maria Searing, September 24, 1.S21, in the old Bloomtield Hotel, the ser- vice being performed by the Rev. Dr. Judd, who was at that time the pastor of the Presbyterian Church of that place. Six children were the issue of this marriage, viz. : Sarah A., wife of Thomas Jessup, who lived and died at Newburgh, N. Y., Aiigelena, wife of Hon. Stephen K. Williams, now living at Newark, Wayne County, N. Y., Mary Klizabeth, wife of Mr. John Andrus, now living at Ilackensack, Bergen County, X. J. Theodore T., now living at Yonkers, X. Y., and Frances J., wife of Dr. J. J. H. Love, of ^lontclair. Jekkmi.vh, son of Ste|dien (Azariah (2), Deacon Azariah, Jasper) and Rhoda Crane, born Aj)ril 2, 1 110. The homestead of Jeremiah stood on the foundation of what is now the cottage of the Thomas Porter property, near the corner of Harrison Avenue and Union Street. His farm extended from what is now Harrison Avenue to the top of the mountain. He was a man of considerable ncjte in his day. He married Elizabeth Corby, boi-ii .lune 22, 1774, and had eleven children, viz.: Purthana, Hannah, William, Julia, Rhoda, Israel, Linas. Ira, ^[ary, Eliza Ann, Martha. Ika, .son of Jeremiah ^Stephen, Azariah i_2j. Deacon Azariah, Jasperj and Elizabeth (Corby) Crane, 188 History of Moxtclair Township. was born in the homestead of his fatlier and succeeded to the estate. He was a man of consideraltle prominence, and was an officer in the Presbyterian Ciinrch at Bloomfield ; he served on the Town Committee, and held other offices of trust and res])onsibihty. He jnirchased the property on South Fullerton Avenue, and l)uilt the house (since altered and remodeled) uow owned by Di-. Butler. lie carried on the shoe business during most of his life. lie married Margaret Norwood, and had issue : Jarvis G., Angeline, Israel. Jaevis, son of Ira and Margaret (Norwood) Crane, was Ijorii in the old homestead on Harrison Avenue and Union Street, Feb. 7, 1831. lie was a carpenter and builder, and erected some of the best houses, in his day, in Montclair, amonsr which Dr. Love's and Samuel Wilde's, on Fullerton Avenue, Julius Pratt's on Elm Street, William Terry's, George S. Dwight's, J. C. Hart's, Jose])li Van Vleck's, Kobert M. Boyd's and many others, lie afterward engaged in the hardware business, which he carried on successfully for many years. He bought the lot adjoining that of his father on Fullerton Avenue, and built the house now occupied by his son, Dr. Frank S. Crane. He moved to Boonton, N. J., about ISoi, and resided there some five years. He then married Henrietta Smith, and had three children, viz. : Ira Seymour, Frank S. and Ahee B. Ika Seymodr, eldest son of Jarvis and Henrietta (Smith) Crane, was born in Boonton, N. J., Dec. 29, 1855. Four years after his birth he was taken by his parents to West Bloomfield (now Mont- clair) the old home of his fatlier. He enjoyed the best educational advantages then to be had in the township, and graduated from the High School in 1873. He learned the carpenter trade with his father and worked at it for eight years. In ISSl his father bought out the hardware business of William S. Morris, and took his son, Ira Seymour, into partnership with him under the firm name of J. G. Crane & Son. It continued under that name until ISSS, when the father retired, and Ira Seymour has since carried on the business alone. He is one of the niost public spirited and progressive men of the present generation, as well as one of the most popular. He helped to organize the Fire Department, and was elected Assistant Foreman of the company, and in ISOO was made Chief of the Fire Department. Under his able management the department has increased in efficiency and strength, and is one of the best conducted tire departments connected with any subui-ban town in the State. In 189 1 he became a member of the Town Committee, and was made the first township Treasurer, after the creation of tluit olfice, and has given great satisfaction to the taxpayers by the able manner in which he has dischaiged the duties of his office. He is connected with numerous other business enterprises, in all of which he has shown the same business capacity and enterprise. He is a director in the Montclair Building and Loan Association — one of the strongest of its kind in the State. He is a stockholder in the Montclair Bank, and a director in The Montclair Savings Bank. In i-eligious matters he has evinced the same energy, earnestness and devotion that have character- ized all his business affairs. He is a deacon in the First Presbyterian Church, and a member of the Board of Trustees. Mr. Crane married, in 1882, Caroline A., daughter of Joseph Doremus and Caroline (Mead) Doremus. (For line of descent see Doremus Family.) His wife deceased Oct. 11, 1892, leaving two children, Ira Seymour, Jr., and Henrietta Mead. "Sir. Crane bought a plot on Church Street, opppsite the Presbj-terian Cliurch, com])risiiig a part of the Matthias Smith estate. Dr. Frank Smith Crane, second child of Jarvis G. and Henrietta (Smith) Crane, was born at the homestead, adjoining his present residence, July 1, 1861. He was educated at the public school of Mont- clair, receiving all the advantages of the "higher education," and was graduated at the New York College of Dentistry in 1885. He began practice at once in his native town, and although others long established preceded him, his clientele graduall}' increased and he has now all he can attend to. The friends of his early youth showed their confidence in him as a man, and in his professional skill liy extending hhn their ^Z^^t.-t>Cf't>i>Cx\^^:oc^C.^^^ History of Moxtclair Township. 189 patronage. He enjoys an excellent reputation among his professional brethren as a skillful practitioner. He is a member of the New Jersey State Dental Society, of the Central Dental Society of Northern New Jersey, and of the Alumni A.<.*ociation of the New York College of Dentistry. He is also a member of ilontclair Lodge F. & A. M., Orange Lodge of Elks, and of the Montclair Athletic Club. He married. December. ISSC. Sarah ]>. Crolious. daughter of Cieorge C. and Catharine (Lownds) Crolious, of Broijklyn. His children are: Frank Leroy. born October, 18S9 ; Harriet Stevens, born October, l8!)(», and Dudley "Winthrop, Iwrn January, 1S!»1. TlIK MALDWIN FA^lIl.V. Baldwin is an old name, and quite common as early as the conquest of England, and is found on the roll of the Battle Abbey. Baldwins. Earls of Flanders, were contem|)orary witli Alfred tlie Great. Baldwin id married Elstriith, daughter of Alfred ; Baldwin the .5th, married the daughter of Kobert of France, whose daughter Matilda married AVilliam the Conqueor. In 1198 Robert Fitz Baldwin had large estates in Bucks County, England. Richard BaMwin, of Bucks County, England, was the ancestor of most of the American families of this name. The name is often spelled in tiie early records, Baldwyn. John Baldwin (1) came probably from Bucks County, England, and was one of the original settlers of ^lilford. Conn. He joined the church March HJ, 1(!4S. He married Marie Brewen, daughter of John Brewen, of Pequot (New London), and in his will, li>S\, names cliildren : John, Josiah, Nathaniel, Joseph, George, Obadiah, Richard, Abigail, Sarah, Hannah and Eliza Beck. Jonx (2) Baldwin, Sr., son of John (1), was born in Milford, Conn., March IG, 1648. He married, Oct. .'W, 160-3, Hannah, daughter of Obadiah Brewen (or Bruen), a niece of his stepmother. He married, secondly, before 1686, Ruth Botsford, of Milford, and in his will, 1702, names children: Sarah, Hannah, Eliza and John by his first wife, and Samuel, Daniel, Joseph, Timothy, Elanthan, Nathaniel and Jonathan. He was one of the original settlers of Newark, and together with his nephew, John, Jr., signed the '■ Fundamental Agreement." He was a man of some prominence in the community and held various public offices. He was a "Sealer of Leather" in 1676; '■ Fence Viewer" in 1695 ; one of the "Town's ilen," 1697-98; Surveyor of Highways, 1684— 86, etc. In the first drawing for "Home Lotts," John, Sr., drew lot 54. "At Town Meeting I2th Decera'r 1670 it was Agreed that the Land that is Left unlaid out shall be Laid out to them to whom it falls By Lott; and the first Lott fell to John Baldwin Sen'r to have His whole Second Division of I'pland and One Acre for his staying on the place the first Summer." John Baldwin (.3), son of John '2) and ILmnah (Bruoiij Baldwin, was born in Newark about 107u. His children were: Josiah, David, John (4j and Obadiah. John (4) Baldwin, son of John (3), was born in Newark, N. J. His will, 17.58, names four daughters: Doreas or Dorcas, Joanna, and Marv Elizabeth. According to the genealogical tree of Mr. Samuel H. Cougar, he had also Joseph. He owned a large farm on the Orange Road, and probably erected the house where his children and grandchildren were born. Joseph, son of John (4j, was born in the homestead of his father, on Orange Road ; he purchased several tracts of land on and near the moimtain. A quit-claim deed from Henry Jacobus to Joseph Baldwin, dated 1783, described the property as " lying over the mountain, lately belonging to Vincent Pierce, being on the west side of said mountain ; the whole of the said tract undivided, contains three thousand and six hundred acres, and commonly known as the Ashfield tract, the said right having been sold by the commissioners for the county of Essex to William Baldwin in 1779." A deed by Mary Ashfield, dated 1784, conveys one hundred acres to Joseph Baldsvin, Jr., on Newark Mountain, known as the Ashfield Tract. A deed, dated Dec. 27, 1792, from Joseph Crane, of Cranetown, conveys to Joseph Baldwin, fifty-four acres, being a part of the farm which the said Joseph Crane bought of Cornelia Iletfield. 190 History of Montclair Township. Tlie date of Joseph Baldwin's birth is not shown. During the war of the Revolution lie served in Capt. Squere's Company, Second Regiment, Essex. He married Esther, a daughter of Noah Crane, and a sister of Deacon Joseph (Jrane, sometimes called " Captain," whose homestead is shown among the old landmarks. The issue of this marriage was: Mary, who "entered into covenant with the Mountain Society," March 26, 177-i The issue of this marriage was Mary, " who entered into covenant with the Mountain Society ;" she married Linus Dodd ; John J., Joanua (married David Riker); Elizaljeth, Esther (married John Wanlell) ; Joseph, Naomi (married Noah Baldwin) ; Caleb, Zenas, Hannah. The propert}' of Joseph was divided among his children, some of whom acquired additional acres, holding farms adjoining, along the line of Orange Road, extending north to Tony's Brook, near the present D.L.&AV.'r.R." the Orange Road subsc- as the "Baldwin Neigh- Jons J. Baldwin, son (Crane) Baldwin was 1771, at the houiestead Road. The house now Sears, 259 Orange Road, foundation of the house He was a noted charac- of the most prominent town of Newark. He Jersey troops in the war officer, as he was always years of his life, Cajjt. ed his district in the leg- promising whig in poli- ence in the community, and, while not gifted as ble in argument, and on the chief topics of and all liis immediate thrifty and successful well-to-do in the coin- August 13, 1779, Lydia, Dodd, of Bloomfield, married her sister Sarah, born iSOt), Joseph H., born 1811 — married Abby E., born 1815. second child of John J. win, was born January 12, 1808, in the house which stood on the corner of Orange Road and Elm Street, on the property now owned by W. Irving Adams. He attended the district school theu kept by Gideon Wheeler, and acquired a good knowledge of the rudimentary branches. He inherited considerable property from his father, and kept his farm under thorough cultivation. He had a large apple orchard well stocked with the finest fruit, and had a comfortable income from the sale of his cider. He occasion- ally took part in public aftairs and was for some time Surveyor of Highways. He was one of the early members of the Bloomfield Church, and assisted in organizing the First Presbyterian Churcii of West Bloomfield, of which he was long a trustee. He was an exemplary Christian, and always prompt in his attendance at Divine service both on the Sabbath and week days. Considering his means he was generous JOSErn H. BALDWIN. That portion lying along quently became known borhood." of Joseph and Esther born in Cranetawn in of his father on Orange owned by William H. stands on the original where Joseph was born. ter in his day, and one men in this part of the served with the New of 1812, pi'obably as an called, iluring tlie later Baldwin. He represent- islature, was an uncom- tics, a man of great influ- of strong common sense, a speaker, he was forci- kept himself informed the day. Like his father, ancestors, he was a farmer, and considered munity. He married, daughter of David and after her decease He had issue Reuben D., born 1808, Sarah D., Antiiony D. Ball; and Joseph H. Baldwin, and Lydia (Dodd) Bald- History of Montclair Township. I'.tl ill liis support of public and private charities. Honest and straijilitforwaixi in ail his dwii i)usiiicss affairs, lie iiad implicit eoiitidciiee in others, and was loth to believe evil of any one. For this reason people seldom took advantage of liini, and in all his business transactions his word was as good as his bond. He was of a kind and genial disposition and beloved and respected by his neighbors, lie married Lydia A. Munn, a descendant of the Munns, who settled in Newark about IT;"'*-'. He had issue : Lydia D., Mary F. and riiebe L. ; the latter married William J. Harris (brother of Col. Fred. II. Harris, of Montclair), aiul now resides in West Virginia. The two first mentioned reside at the homestead, on Orange lioad, corner of Elm Street. TllK DmKEMUS FAMILY. Link of Dksckxt i kom CoRNEurs Dokkmus, 1690. CoKNELHs 1)()k?;mis, the ancesto settled at or near Acrpiack- Jersey. The name of his children were Johannes, land, about IfiST; Thomas, about ir.OO; T'ornelins, drick,borii lf>l»5,and .loris, Thomas Dokkjus, son (piackanonck. New Jersey, ^Vc^cl, N. J., married, .\liraliamse Ackerman, He had six children : Cor- ( inline, of Jacksonville, 1 Tl'ii ; Abraham, of Cedar 112-2 ; Peter, of Cedar Johannes, born about 1~'2>>; 1756. son of Thomas and Anneke Doremus, born April 4, town, N. J. He married, and had teti children, viz.: baptized March 3, 17?>9 Margaret Van Winkle); great-great-grandfather of mus, of New Yoi-k; Peter, tized June S, 17-1-1:; Ma- 1746 (married Bartholo- )f the Doremus family, came from Holland about ](!'.)(), and anonck (now Passaic), New wife is not known. His born at ^liddlcbuig, llol- l)orn at Ac(juackanonck, born about Killi' ; Ilcn- born about 10'.t7. of Cornelius, born at Ac- about lO'.lO, resided at Oct. 4, 171:i, Anneke born at ILu-kensack, N.J. nelius, born April 4, 17l"i; N. J., baptized Nov. 14, Grove, N. J., born about Grove, born about 172."); Aimeke, baptized May 5, C o R X K I. r u s DoEKM us, A brahamse (Ackerman) 1715, lived at Doremus about 1738, Antje Young, Ilendricus, of Wesel , N. J ., (married Sept. 25, ]7j. Petek Doremus, born probably at Doremustown, lived at Beavertown, N. J., baptized June S, 1744, married, 1776, Polly (Mary) Dey. He had issue: Jacob, Richard, Cornelius, Peter and two daughters, one of whom married Henry Berry, the other married Speer. Peter Doremus, son of Peter and Polly (Dey) Doremus, was born near Beavertown, N. .1., Feb. 17, 1787. He moved to Cranetown about 1807, where he had the second largest store in Bloomfield township, there being but two stores in Cranetown at that time. His place of business was at the present location of his son, Philip Doremus. He did a tliriving business for man}' years. In politics he was an old line Whig. He was a man of uprightness and honesty and highly respected in the community. 192 History of INIontclair Township. He married, Oct. 3, ISIO, Rhoda, daughter of Deacon Joseph Crane (son of Xoah, who was the son of Nathaniel, son of Azariah (2) of the original settlers of Cranetowii). Tliey had issue : Joseph, horn Sept. 12, 1814; Thomas Lamsoii, born Jnlv 31, 1S16 ; Owen, Edmund, Hannah Maria (born Oct. 25, 1823, and married William Corwin), Philip, Marcus, born Nov. 15, 1827; Emma Harrison, born June 22, 1831 (married Louis E. Meeker, moved to Portland, Oregon). Joseph Doremus, oldest son of Peter and Phoda (Crane) Doremus, was born in Cranetown, Sept. 12, 1814, in the old Doremus homestead, which stood on the spot now occupied by his brother Philip, as a residence, on Bloomtield Avenue, at the junction of Glen Pidge Avenue. His education began at the earlv age of three years, when he was sent to a private school kept by Pebecca Horton, in her own house. He afterward attended the school kept by Gideon Wheeler, David D. Allen and others, in the school- house which stood on the site of the First Presbyterian Church. After leaving school he entered his father's store and remained was earnestly solicited by had no fondness for that cepted a position as book- son of Israel Crane, and years engaged in a morocco as clerk and manager. At ciated with his brother in ing for church purposes, reputation of producing country. In 1859, Mr. first Pegister of Essex tion until 1864. From sole charge of the official has since been engaged in on his own accoiint, and knowledge of the old land than any other person, field township for thirteen and has been Commis- Montclair for nineteen veteran of nearly forty of the oldest surviving field Lodge, which in Bloomtield. Although mental faculties are clear JOSEPH_DuREMLS. with him until 1S46. He his father to continue, but line of business. He ac- keeper for James Crane, was afterward for several establishment in Newark the same time he was asso- the business of glass stain- etc. ; his lirother had the the best goods in the Doremus was elected the County, and lield the posi- 1804 to 1889, he had the searching department. He the same line of business has probably a better titles of Essex County He was Clerk of Bloom- years, from 1846 to 1859, sioiier of Appeals for years. He is a Masonic vears" standing, and is one members of the Bloom- former times met in West well advanced in years his and he is still strong and vigorous for a man of his age. He is one of the very few cotmecting links of the Revolutionary period, having known and conversed with several of the old veterans. He is a walking encyclopedia of the events connected with the beginning of the present century, and all the old landmarks are as familiar to him as "household words." He married, in 1836, Caroline, daughter of Jacob K. Mead, of Bloomfield, and had issue: three daughters, Martha M., Mary Kline and Caroline, deceased, who was the wife of I. Seymonr Crane. Thomas Lamson, second son of Peter Doremus, about the year 1838, moved to Louisiana, where he engaged in business. He was a man of strict integrity and uprightness. In 1852 he came North and married at New" Haven, Conn., and one year after his return died, Nov., 1853, of yellow fever at Centerville, La. OwEX DoKEMUs, third child of Peter and Phoda (Crane) Doremus, was born in Cranetown, May 15, 1819. His love of art was developed at an early age, and he sought every means in his power to History of Moxtclair Townsiiu', I9;j gratify it. He studied portrait painting with Caleb AVard, of Bloonifield, and followed tliat for a time, l)iit afterward became aj^sociated with a Air. Chaj^man in New Koclielle, X. Y., in the ghiss staiiiiiiir l)usiiie.wledge of the details of the business than could be acfpiired in a country town, and in IS-il he went to New York City and engaged first with a retail and afterward with a wholesale and retail grocery firm, spending altogether about seven years with both firms, lie returned to his native town in lS-t8 and assumed charge of his father's business. Ho continued it as a general country store for a number of years in the same location. In 1853 he built a two-story frame building on the original site. As the population increased and railroad facilities Ijrought the residents within easy access of the city, he found it necessary to change his stock of goods to suit the wants of the new community, and he gradually "weeded out" his stock of general merchandise and limited his trade to groceries and crockery, of the finest class of goods, especially adapted to the wants of the wealthy classes who for many years past have been his largest patrons. In 194 History of Montclair Township. 1890 he erected the building he now occupies, whieli is one of the finest and most .ittractive huldings for ])usiness purposes in this part of the coiintr}'. As a merchant he has met Avith deserved success, and lias kept pace with the growth of the township. He is a man of advanced and liberal ideas, and was for many years associated with Dr. Love and others in the School Board, and always took an advanced position for the cause of "higher education." He was for six years a member of the County Board of Freeholders, and a part of the time was Chair- man of the committee that had charge of the county penitentiary. He also served for several years as a member of the Town Committee. He was one of the founders and is still a director of the Montclair BaTdv. He was also one of the founders of the Montclair Savings Bank and was elected its first President, still holding that position. Probably no man in Montclair has been more prominently identified with the cause of religion than Philip Doremus. Self-sacrificing, earnest, conscientious, he has taken a leading position in every movement tending to the advancement of religion and the improvement of the moral and social condition of the community, llis religious experience began early in life as a member of the Seventh Presbyterian Church, corner of Broome and Sheriff Streets, Nev/ York. When he finally decided to settle in West Bloomfield, the home of his youth, he brought with him his letter to the First Presbyterian Church, in which he subsequently servetl as an elder for about thirty years, and was for fifteen years Superintendent of the Sabbath school. Mr. Doremus has always been an earnest advocate of church extension. He assisted in the early movements to found a church at Upper Montclair, and, in ISSfi, believing that circumstances favored the organization of a new church, he with others withdi'ew from the First Presbyterian Church and organized the Trinity Presbyterian Church, which has since more than doubled its membership. Mr. Doremus was elected one of the two first elders of the new organization, and still holds that position. Dui-ing a European tour which he made in 1883 his letters to the Montclair Times showed him to be a writer of no mean ability and a keen observer of men and things. His descrijjtion of the places he visited were read with great interest by the patrons of that ]>aper. Mr. Doremus combines all the (jualities of the Christian gentleman, rptiet and unostentatious in his manner, strong in his convictions of right, yet tender, affectionate and kind to all. While in no way lacking the courage of his convictions, he would sacrifice his own interests rather than wound the feelings of another. ^{y. Doremus was married, Nov. 2(1, 18.51, to Hester Ann Yarringtim, daughter of B. C. Yarring- ton. in old St. Bartholomew's Church, by Rev. B. M. Yarrington, cousin of Mrs. Doremus, who has since officiated at the marriage of each of their daughters. The children are: Mary Yarrington, married to Dr. S. C. G. Watkins; Caroline S., married to W. Low Doremus; Annette C, married to E. B. Goodell, a practicing lawyer in Montclair; Adah N., married to Joseph B. Renwich, of Montclair. THE HARBISON FAMILY. RicHAED Harrison, Sr., and Richard, Jr., came from AVest Kirby, in Cheshire, Eng., in 1644, and were among the early settlers of the New Haven Colony. They removed to Branford, then a part of the New Haven Colony, where Richard, Sr., died in October, l(i53; his daughter Mary married Thomas Pierson, one of the original settlers of Newark, and Elizabeth nuirried John i\Iorris. Second Generation. Sargent Richard Harrison was one of the original Branford settlers of Newark, and his name is attached to the " Fundamental Agreement." In the drawing of their " Lotts," with theii " Nundjer ai;d Places,"' Sargent Harrison drew No. 34. At a "Town ]\Ieeting held October 31,1674, Sai'geant Harrison," with others, was '"chosen a Committee to consider of such things as may tend for tlie Good of the Town ; also they have Liberty to debate of such things with any they shall see Occasion so to do, without calling a Town Meeting.'' At a "Town Meeting, Dec. 11, l*i74, Serg't Harrison," with others was "chosen to go down to History of Montclair Township. 195 Elizabeth Town to treat with the Governor upon the particulars written, and if they can agree without, not to deliver that writing ; hut in Case he will not hear them then they are to pro^ent tliis Writing to him, and leave it with him." A.s a military officer Sargent Richard Harrison lield in tiie new colony the rank of Jutnif/n. lie also served as one of the " Town's ilen." His children were yamnel, lienjamin, born 1Ck>5, John, Josej)h, born Ui.jS, Daniel, and Mary — all. probably, born in Branford. Third Generation'. Daniel Hakijison, son of Sargent Richard, was born in Urauford in lOtil. Came with his father to Newark. The only mention made of him in connection with the town 'was in 1705, as " Fence \'iewer." He died December 10, 173S. .\s his father acquired property in the outlying districts he was pr(il)ably one of the early settlers of that part of Newark now known as Orange. In liis will he names children : Daniel, Mosen, Abigail Farrand, Lydia lialdwin, and his grandson Jonathan, sou of Jonathan. Fourth Generation. Moses IIarkisox, son of Daniel, wjus l)orn. probably, in Orange, in ITnO; he died February 18, 17t>3. In his will he names Jonns, Anna. Damaris. Abigail and Sarah, lie names Jonas, his son, and Jabez, as executoi-s. Firm Generation. Jonas Harrison, son of Moses, was born, probably, in Orange. His will names children, Aaron. Daniel, .\f'>se.s, Jabez, and four daughters. Si.xTH Generation. Moses Harrison, son of Jonas, was born in Orange about 1758. lie was po.ssessed of a vivid imagination, a retentive memory, and an inexhaustible supply of anecdotes and stories of his eventful lite, with which he entertained his hearers on every occasion. He was a freostniastcr of West Bloomficld. Henry B. Munn, for some time a teacher at Asldand Hall, was horn in the old Stephen Van Courtland house (since burned) tliat stood just south of the mouth of Second Kiver, Essex County, Newark, N. J.; was prepared for college under Rev. David A. Frame, late of Ashland Hall, Montclair; graduated at College of N. J., at Princeton, 1S17; associate teacher at Ashland Hall, IS47-18.'J2; student in law office of late Col. A. C. M. Pennington, 1S.')2-1S54; in spring of 1S54, to AVisconsiii with L. G. Farwell, ex-Governor of Wisconsin, and settled first at Madisf.n, Wis., and then to Portage City; was admitted to the bar in lS5.i, and in i)artncrshii) with I). P. Williams opened a land oHice in coimection with law office for practice before the local and United States land oflice ; was elected Mayor of the city in 1858, and to the State Legislature in IS.'jO. Subsequently elected and served till after the close of the late war as Sujierintendent of City Schools. In 1859 he attended Government land sales at Osage, Fort Dodge and Siou.x City. Subsequently became interested in unimproved lands in Western Iowa and Missouri. From lsr.6 to 1S72 associated with AV. C. Dodge as Attorney and Solicitor of Patents. After dissolution of partnership he spent a year in the West, and in 1873 formed i)artnership with ex-Governor L. G. Farwell, for transaction of real estate and banking business at Grant City, Mo., and also with Chas. F. Stansbury, as Attorney and Solicitor of Patents at Washington. With the exception of a few special cases his law practice has been what is termed by the profession, chamber practice. He was admitted to bar of Sui)reme Court of D. C, 1872 ; United States Supreme Court of D. C, 1888; member of National Bar Association, 1803. Since the death of his partners he has been practically out of business, lias resided in Washing- ton since 18<>r>, with the exception of three years in Grant City, Mo. In 1881 he married Cornelia L. Farwell, daughter of ex-Governor L. G. Farwell. Issue: Henry Farwell, Helen Cornelia, Marguerite Campbell and Henry Tinslow. 198 History of Montclair Township. WHEELER FAMILY, Of Concord, Mass.; Stkati-ord, Conn., and Wi-:st Bi.uomfield, N.J. Line of Gideon Wiikeler. Thomas Wheeler, of Concord. Mass., came to Fairfield in 1044. with Eev. John Jones and his company. He was one of the proprietors of Fairfield township, and was a prominent citizen. His eldest son was named Thomas. Sergt. John Wheeler, son of Thomas ( I) and Ann Wheeler, came with his father's family from Con- cord to Fairfield, apparently in 1614, being then quite young. He owned a large part of Grover's Hill, at Black Rock, where he resided, and in 1681 paid tax on 1,004 acres of land, he being the third from the highest in tlie town of Fairfield. .^ He was the ancestor of Hon. had a son John (2). Mm Lieut. John (2), son of Sergt. Jolin, Sr., and Elizabeth ( ) .|h Wheeler was born in 1664; he married Abigal Burr, March 22, .^***''**'*V jB 1692, by wliom he had seven children. He married, secondly, f ^ 'Wm ^y^^^ Porter, of Windsor, by whom he had six cliildren, the /^ jfc ,, - ^^ fourth of whom was Jahez. Captain Jabez Wheeler, son |^ ^»^ ^- « of Lieut. John (2) and Lydia (Porter) Wheeler, was born Feb- * 's^ * .-i^B ruary 25, 1721. He was Captain of a company in Col. Whitney's 1.^.*^^ ^^^^H Connecticut Kegiraent in the Warof the Revolution. He had. VI*^„i,^ A ^I^H among other children, 6^;Ww«. Gideon Wheeler, son of -^^M P^1.^bB^^_ ^^ W H Jabcz Wheeler, was born in Stratford, Conn., 1764, and was .^^B^^^jHpH^^^^I educated in Weston, Conn. He taught school in Connecticut for .^^K^^^T^^^^^^^^tS^ about thirty years, and then re- moved to Jersey City, where he ^KK^^^M ^ ' ^^^B taught for a time, and later in Persippany. He began teaching ^m^B^^K " V^- ^M ^'^ Cranetown about 1811, and achieved quite a reputation as a ^H^^^^^V ' ''-iP^H^H t<^^cher. He was a noted matlie- matician, and in 1819 prepared ^^^^^^V ^^ ^Hh '"in almanac, which was published, the original manuscript of which ^^^Bl^^f / W 4|^^^| '•'' now in the possession of his granddaughter in Bloomfield. ^^PB^V ^.,.. -J^^ l ^^ ^^^^ appointed magistrate byGovernorWilliamsoninlSlS, Bm^^||^||g||H||||{^^ 1820, 1822 and 1828. He was also a surveyor and conveyancer. „,...,., „.„^^,,„ The latter years of iiis life were " *^ (.jRAN 1 J. \\ liE-t-LLK. spent on his farm on the Orange Road, near its intersection with FuUerton Avenue. He had, among other children, Isaac B. and Grant Johnson Wheeler. Isaac B. Wheeler taught school for a number of years in Bloomfield and West Bloomfield. Geant J. Wheeler, son of Gideon Wheeler, was born at Weston, near New Haven, Conn., January 1, 1807, and came with bis father to West Bloomfield in 1811, and attended the .school of which his father was teacher. Lie learned the tailor's trade, and subsequently carried on an extensive business at Pecktown, near East Orange. He was subsequently connected with the Rosendale Cement Company. In 1843 he removed to Haverstraw, N. Y., where he built and managed a lime kiln. Later he started in the lime business in Newark with Reuben D. Baldwin. In 1850 he exchanged his residence on Spring Street, Newark, lor the farm known as the Elias B. Crane property on Orange Road, AYest Bloomfield, on which he made many improvements. About 1855 he opened, through his property, a section of Mountain Avenue, and a few years later Hillside Avenue, and a part of Orange Road extension, thus preparing for, and inviting, the improvements subsequently made. In 1853 he was chosen to represent this district in the Legislature. He was a strong advocate of the then proposed Newark and Bloomfield Railroad, and secured large subscriptions to the stock. While History of Montclair Township. 199 in tlie Legislature he introduced an amendment to the charter of the road and secured its passage, and by his activity and firmness largely aided in conferring, at tliat early date, tlie bcneKt of railway com- munication. On coming to West Bioomfield Mr. Wheeler engaged in the manufacture of straw air-dried boards, leasing fur a time the mill furmerly occupied by the Wildes, and at the expiration of the lease, in coiiipaii}' with James C. Beach, purchased the property. At this mill he nuulc the tirst steam-dried strawboards ever made in the United States. [See account under tlie head of " Industries on Tony's Brook."] In ISOC. Mr. Wheeler was elected a Chosen Freeholder from Bioomfield (tlien including ^font- clair), and after the erection of Montclair Township, in IStiS, was re-elected to represent it in the Board for ten consecutive years. lie also served on the Town Committee for some years. He was a warm friend of the public school, was elected Trustee in 1851, and re-elected at the expiration of his term. He owned the property on Ciiurch Street where the school-house now stands, and offered to give it for a public i>ark provided the township of Montclair would buy tlie remainder from other parties. They did not accept his proposition, and it was afterward bought by the townsliip for school purposes. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church and a generous contributor to its support, and was for eleven years a Trustee of the Society. He died in 1S83. He married, Octol)er 8, 1S29, Mary W. Mingis, of Bioomfield, daughter of John Mingis. He had four children, viz.: Sergeant John M., killed at Fredcricksiiurg, Va., while serving witii the 2Cth New Jersey Volunteers ; Charlotte D.. who died in 1857; Francis .V., born June 19, 18i4, died in 18S9 at Dayton, X. J.; Julius Ilawley. JiLii'.s IIawi.ky Whkki.kr, youngest son of Grant J. and Mary W. (Mingis) Wheeler, was born at Xewark, X. J., June 19, ls-17. He was but three years of age when his jiarents moved to West nioomfield ; he received his education under the old district school s3-stem. After leaving school he engaged in the coal business with William Sharp, at liloomfield, and was afterward for a time in the j)liinibing business. He entered his lather's employ in 1S75, and four years later he and his brother imught out their father's interest and continued the business under the name of Francis A. Wheeler A: Co. After the removal of the manufactory to AVaverh', X'^. J., a stock company was organized under the name of The Wheeler ilanufacturing Company, of which Julius H. became Bresident and still holds that position. Mr. Wheeler was one of the charter members of the Montclair Fire Company, and served seven years as a fireman. He married, in 1890, Alice II. Harrison, of Ohio, a descendant of the Harrison family, of Orange. TIIK IIAUKIS F.V.MILY. Coi.oxEi, Fkederick IIai.skv Hakkis, eldest son of William II. and Phebe II. (Baldwin) Harris, was born in Xewark, X'. J., March 7, 1830. His immediate ancestor was Moses Harris, of Morrisaiiia, X. Y., a descendant — probably — of liobert Harris, who came from Clloucestershire, England, before 1642, and settled in Roxbury, Mass. Descendants of this family moved first to Springfield, Mass., thence to Westchester County, X', Y. Rev. AVilliam Harris, of White Plains, X. Y., referiiiig to Robert, the grandson of the ancestor, says : " I do not remember to have heard my father say anytliing of the Harris family, except that his grandfather, Robert Harris, was a very active, well built man, not large in stature, but in his old age, hale and enterprising." The name of Harris is of Welsh origin, and means "The son of Harry," Harry being a nickname for Henry. The latter, as a christian name, is given by Webster as of '•• Old High German origin, meaning the liead or chief of a house." William H., the father of Colonel F. II. Harris, married Phebe II. Baldwin, daughter of Robert, the son of Zadock Baldwin, wlio served in the Xew Jersey Militia in the War of the Revolution. Her mother was Marv Gould, daughter of General William Gould, a soldier of the Revolution. General 200 History of Montclair Township. Gould's wife was the sister of Major Natliaiiiel Crane, son of Noali, son of Natlumiel, son of Azariali 2d, son of Azariah 1st, who purchased, previous to 1680, the hirge tract of land subseijuently known as Crane- town or West Bioomlield. William IT. Harris was born in New York City, and removed with his father, Moses, to Newark, about 1804, when he was a few weeks old. He was an architect and builder, and carried on business for some years. About 181:2 he purchased a quarry at Little Falls, N. J. He furnished the stone for the construction of Trinity Church, New York, and from this and his Newark quarries he supplied the stone for St. George's Church, and public buildings in New York, also for Boston and other places. He sold out his quari-y in 1853, and bought one hundred acres in West Bloomfield (now Mont- clair) formerly known as Cranetown, it being a part of the original purchase of Azariah Crane and was the property left by the will of Major Nathaniel Crane to be sold and the proceeds invested in trust for tiie support of the ministers of the First Presbyterian Church in West Bioomlield. William H. Harris bought this property on account of his wife's early attachment to it, her grandniothei', the sister of Major Crane, having been born at the homstead, which formed a part of it. The boundaries began about 200 yards east of the Orange Road and extended to the top of the mountain. Mr. Harris laid out the property and cut the streets and avenues, which were run through it. He occupied the jiositions of Chosen Freeholder, U. S. Government Assessor, Director of the Newark and Bioomlield Bailroad, in which he took an active part, especially the negotiation between the Morris and Essex Railroad Company and the Newark and Bloomfield Railroad Company, which resulted in the building of the latter n)ad, and Trustee of the church for several years. He died in June, 1887, leaving issue: Frederick Halsey, William J., Mary C, Fanny C. and Robert B. Col. Frederick H. Harris, the subject of this sketch, received a thorough preparatory education at private and boai'ding schools, intended to enter Pi-inceton College and pursue his studies as a physician, but owing to his father's ill health was compelled to abandon his studies and assist him in the extensive quarj'y business in which he was then engaged. After his father had sold the Little Falls quarry he continued in the employ of the company who had purchased it, having charge of their extensive works in New Jersey. He moved to IMontclair in 1853, and continued in that business until 1858. He had a strong desire for professional life and began that year the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1862. Shortly after this he commenced raising a com])any for the wai', which formed a part of the Thirteenth Regiment, N. J. Vols., Company E, of which he was made Captain. Just before he left for the war he was presented with a sword by the citizens of Montclair, the speech being made by Julius H. Pratt, Esq. It has inscribed on it the following legend: '• Presented to Captain Fred. H. Harris by his friends, Montclair, N. J., August 21, 1862" ; was worn by him during the whole three years of service, and it now adorns the wall of his residence and is highly prized as a memento of his service. This is one of the most noted regiments of the war, and with the exception of the battle of Antietam, when he was on the sick list, Col. Harris was with his regiment in every engagement in which it participated. It was attached to the First Division, Twelfth Army Corps. He took part in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 1, 2 and 3, 1863, Gettysburg, July 1, 2 and 3, 1863, and in the autun]n following his regiment, as a part of the Twelfth Army Corps, was sent west to join the Army of the Cumberland, and participated in the several engagements of Sherman's campaign, including his famous "march to the sea" (from Atlanta to Savannah) and his campaign through the Carolinas, with the Twentieth Corps, which was made up by a consolidation of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps. He was commissioned Major^ August 16, 1864, and on the 12th of October following was placed in command of the regiment as senior officer, owing to the illness of the Lieutenant-Colonel, the Colonel having been placed in command of the Brigade. At the battle of Betitonville, fought March 9, 1865, "his regiment held the key to the situation," and he distinguished himself b}' his coolness, and the splendid manner in which he handled his men, under the most trying circumstances. John Y. Foster, in his "History of New Jersey Troops in the War," gives a minute description of the part taken by the Thirteenth in this battle. Referring to the History of Montclair Township. 201 fact that the Fourteenth Corps was being forced back by tlie rebels and retreating in great confusion, lie says: " At this juncture 'Major Harris was directed by the brigade coiinnander to deploy and place the regiment on the other or right side of tiie ravine, using his judgment as to the best position, as rapidly as possible, and once in position to construct such defences as could be quickly made." The order was promptly obeyed, the line being furmed on tiie edge of the I'avine as nearly on a prolongation of the brigade line as the nature of the ground wuuld admit ; and the men at once commenced to construct a defence of rails and other such materials as were at hand. Soon after this the enemy ajipearcd in three lines of battle, emerging from a belt of woods into a cleared Held a short distance to the left of the Tiiir- teenth, on the opposite side of the ravine. The position of the Thirteenth up to this time was not observed by the advancing rebels. Major Karris waited until they were within 150 yards of his position before he gave the order to lire. At the same time the artillery from the rear opened on them with tlieir batteries, and the enemy was driven back in confusion, and made no attemj^t to renew the attack at that point. As shown by subsecpient events this was the decisive point in the battle, and was due to the cool- ness and gallantry of Major Harris. Foster in his account says : " Tiie action in this, the last battle of the war, was. throughout, of the most gallant character. Had the regiment failed to hold its position, either througii incapacity on the part of its uthccrs, or want of steadiness among the men ; had the line giving way under pressure of the stragglers from the front and falleu in with the eljbing tide, the Itattle must inevitably have been lost and the final victory over .Tohnstoirs army delayed. i)erhaps, for weeks." The regiment was highly comj)limeiited by corps, division and brigade commainJcrs. Col. IJawley, com- manding the brigade, said : '• You are entitled to the thanks of this whole army, for you have saved it." In rei)ly to Lieut.-Col. Harris, who asked for orders, he said : "I have no orders to give, foi' I know you will iiold your position without." General AViiliams, commanding the division, remari,000, and the stock was selling at par. In 1S1J3 the income was about ^TnO.OOi), the total assets aliout S2.340,0n(t, the net surplus about §1,170,000, and the stock was selling in the market at 20(i i)er cent. It is one of the oldest, and much the largest, tire insurance coni|)anies in the State of New Jersey. For many years after the war, when the struggle was going on between the old and new regime, Col. Harris was among the boldest and most determined of the old residents in promoting the vaiious public improvements rendered necessary by the increasing poi)ulation. composed largely of men of wealth and letinement from our large cities. He stood side by side with Mr. Pratt, Dr. Love and others in their efforts to improve the public school system (of which he was at one time a trustee), which has since become one of the marked features of Montclair. He was for many years the recognized leatler of the republican party of this township; and while he invariably declined to accept political honors, he was one of the most earnest workers for the success of his party. He has long been identified with the Presbyterian Church, and, as President of the Board of Irustees and Clerk of Session, he rendered im])ortant service in the management of its temporal and spiritual affaii's. He assisted in organizing the Veteran Association of the Thirteenth Eegiment of Veterans in 202 History of Montclair Township. 1886 and became its first President, in which position he continued until 1881), during wliich time the Gettysburg monument was built and in the success of which he took an active part and a deep interest. He is a member and was for some years commander of Phil Kearney Post No. 1, G. A. R. He is also a member of the Society of the Sons of the American llevolution, and of Montclair Lodge No. 1-14, F. and A. M., of which he was a charter member ; he is also a director of the Montclair Library Asso- ciation, and one of the managers of Rosedale Cemetery. And it was at his suggestion and liy his efforts tlie cemetery was enlarged in the direction of and for the accommodation of the people of Montclair; is a member of tiie Society of the Army of the Potomac, Society of tiie Army of the Cumberland, of the Board of Trade, City of INewark, and of the New England Society of Orange. By his energy and force of character he has been prominent and influential in the various enterprises with which he has been connected, and has often been promoted to leading positions. The homestead of Colonel Harris, near the corner of the Orange Road and Myrtle Avenue, occupies a portion of the original 100 acres piirchased by his father in 1853. He enlarged one of the old buildings on the place and made numerous improvements which give it an attractive and picturesijue appearance. Among the numerous relics which adorn the interior is an old-fashioned upright clock of antiquated appearance, formerly the property of Major Nathaniel Crane, the woodwork of wliich was made from one of the apple trees which grew on the place. Col. Harris married, in 1865, Elizabeth J. Torrey, daughter of Charles Torrey, of Bethany Wayne County, Pennsylvania, and a granddaugliter of Major Jason Torrey, one of the pioneers of that county, who came originally from Connecticut. Five children are the issue of this marriage, viz. : Ellen, who married Charles M. Dutcher, of Brooklyn ; Elizabeth, Jane Howell, and Frederick Halsey (deceased in 1879) and Anna Marion. THE PRATT FAMILY. Line of Descent of Julius Howard Pkatt, of Montclaik, fkom Lieut. William Pbatt, OF Saybeook, Conn., 1645. The name of Pratt derives its origin from a locality, and is from the Latin Pratum, a meadoiii. The name appears in the roll of the Battle Abbey, A.D., 1066, as one who accompanied William the Conqueror and participated in the battle of Hastings. William de Pratellis accompanied Richard Canir de Lion to the Holy Land, and on a certain occasion saved the King from capture by the Turks by personating the King and permitting himself to be taken instead, for which service he was knighted and highly honored. Lieut. William Pratt, the American ancestor nf this branch of the Pratt family, came from Hertfordshire, Eng., and as his lineage is easily traced back into the 11th century, it is highly jirobable that he is descended from AVilliam de Pratellis. lie enugrated to New England and settled in Cambridge, Mass., previous to 1632, and moved thence to Hartford, Conn., in 1636. He was one of the band who went from Hartford on the expedition against the Pe(]Uods in 1637, which resulted in the extermination of this tribe. In 1615 he settled in Saybrook, Conn., in that jiart now known as Essex. He represented the town of Saybrook in the General Assembly twenty-three times from 1666 to 1678, and by order of the General Court, October, 1661, he was "established Lieutenant to ye Band at Sea-Brook." He was a warm friend of the Indian Chief Uncas, and one of the executors of his will, and received from the latter large grants of land. Julius Howard Pratt's line of descent from Lieut. William Pratt, is through " Ensign " -Try^/i Pratt, eldest son of the latter, born February 20, 1641; Jolui Pratt, Jr., born September 5, 1671; Asariah Pratt, horn 1710 ; " Deacon" PJi'meas Pratt, born June 27, 1747, who had a son Julius, the father of Julius H. Deacon Phineas Pratt, the grandfather of Julius IL, was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, and assisted Bushnell in the construction of the famous torpedo boat known as the American " Turtle," which became such a teri-or to the British fleet in New York Harbor. Phineas Pratt y his father in is is. He was connected with the selling department in New ^ ork City for eighteen years, during which period the sales for the firm averaged nearlv half a million dollars' worth of ivory combs per annum, while their market extended all over North and South America. The product of table cutlery (mostly ivory handled) and of piano keys amounted to a still larger sum. The delicacy and perfection of the process einjdoyed was illustrated in the World's Fair at London, in is.^l, by the exhibition of a single sheet of purest ivory tifty-si.x feet long and fourteen inches wide, which had been sawed by automatic machinery from the section of an elephant's tusk about five inches in diameter. In 1S.")7, Mr. Pratt removed with his family to West Bloomfield, which at his suggestion was changed to the present name of Mlayed his jirogressive character by proposing a new water supply for the citv of Newark and vicinity by a gravity system connecting with the Petpianuock River, distant about twenty- five miles. The plan was adopted, and his property and water rights along the river which controlled the supply were bought by the East Jersey Water Company, which secured the contract from the Newark authorities. By this transaction and other successful enterprises, Mr. Pi'att, in a measure, retrieved his fortunes and is financially comfoi-table in his declining years. The only enterprise of a public nature which he has promoted in later years has been the organizing of the Arlington Cemetery in the township of Kearny, which is recognized as one of the most beautiful and best managed rural cemeteries in New Jersey, and of which he has been continuously the chief officer. The picturesque and attivictive features of this cemetery illustrate lu.iw the somljre abode of the dead can lie transformed into a garden of l)eantv, and the old traditional ministry of sadness can become a cheerful occujiation. His occasidiial enntributions tn the jiress have been received with marked favor by the pTiblic. Ilis style is graceful yet vigorous and forcil)le, and often poetical. His journey to and life in California in 18-i9, with its thrilling adventures and hairbreadth escapes, was graphically described by him in a sketch published in the Century Magazine for April, 1891. In 18-43, Mr. Pratt married Miss Adeline F. Barnes, daughter of Eli Barnes, of New Haven, Conn., and sister of Alfred 8. Barnes, of Brooklyn. She died in March, ISSO, greatly lamented by the conununity whose social and moral life she had in a great measure inilueneed and directed. The Montclair Times of April 3, 1880, in referring to the death of this noble woman, said: "No woman ever lived in tliis village who has exerted a wider or more beneficent influence. In our social and religious life she has been one of the most conspicuous figures. And yet no person was ever more averse to publicity. She was prominent not so much because of her exceptional gifts as her exceptional goodness. The reputation for sociability and good feeling which has distinguished Montclair was almost created by this beautiful and indefatigable woman. Verj' seldom does a person in no position of prominence, with no special advantage not possessed by others, win so large a place in so many hearts. And j'et the causes are not hard to find. "She was alisolutely unselfish; she lived to do good and make others happy ; she was the friend of the poor and the friendless ; she sought no recognition for what she did. Gifted with great physical strength, she was able to do what others equally willing could not attempt. Without neglecting her own home, she had a mysterious way of bearing the griefs and sharing the anxieties of almost all the homes in the village, while it was small enough for one person to know all. Her sympathy was magnetic because it was so genuine. Wherever there was sickness or suffering she was sure to be found. ' She went about doing good.' If she had wealth it was not used for herself but for others. If she had not money to give, she gave strength and love just the same. " She was one of the original members of the Congregational Church, and she worked for its welfare with tireless zeal. Yet she was no sectarian. She was simply a Christian. She was almost passionately evangelistic. Her religion was her life. She wanted every one to enjoy her faith. For years she was President of the Ladies' Aid Society, and her influence was felt in all the departments of the church's activity. Before the organization of the Congregational Church she worked with the same spirit in the Presbyterian Church. She was greatly interested in missions, and the only one of her children living who could not be with her during her last hours, was her daughter, Mrs. Eaton, who is a missionary in Mexico. When the AVoman's Christian Teniperance Union was organized, she threw into it her intense and eager enthusiasm. It was the last public work in which she had a part. Nothing History of Montci.air TowNsiiir. 205 which concerned human welfare and liappiness was foreign to lier. She may be said to have given her life to tliis community. In lier liome, in society, in the Sunday School, in the Cluirch, in all beneficent work, she was constantly interested. During her sickness her Howcrs were divided and sent to others who were sick; and her constant prayer was for those whom she desired to see more heartily consecrated. ' Her thread of life was strung with beads of love and thought.' "* * * Her life was beautiful and beneficent; her death painless and peaceful; her memory is a benediction and an inspiration. She belonged to tlie whole conimnnity, and tlie whole conunnnity is sad at its loss.'' Eight children were the issue of this marriage, two dying in infancy and six others now living, viz.: Harriet Amki.ia, the wife of Henry F. Turrey, Montclair. Died Scjiteniber 15, IS03. Gertkudk Clifford, who married Kev. James D. Eat(tM, both now in tlie service of the American linard of Foreign ^lissions in rhihuahua. Arexicn. AViLLiAM A., Superintendent ui ilines in Mexico. Adela, the wife of Charles H. Johnson. Jr . in Montclair. poBsssr- '/ - THE PRATT HOMKSl r.AI> lllfl.T IN 1856, NOW NO. 5S ELM STREET. JrLius Howard, Proprietor and Manager of an F^ducatiunal Institution in ^Milwaukee, Wis., and .Inim Barnes, now residing iu Montclair. He bought a fanii in 1850 and built his first residence on Elm Street, which he caused to be widened from a narrow farm road to its present width, and along which he planted the elms which suiTijested the name of the street, and wiiich for twentv-five vears have been an ornamental feature of the town. At that time his house was the only one occu])ying the area between F'ullerton Avenue and the Bloomtield line in one direction, and TV.oomtield Avenue and Orange Road in the other direction. A view of the house is shown in the accompanying illu.stration. During his public career in Montclair Mr. Pratt has made enemies, but at the same time he has made many warm friends. A man of great decision of character, and one who has the courage of his convictions, no amount of argument or opposition could swerve him from a line he had marked out for iiimself. His pertinacity and strong determination of character are hereditary traits and have marked 206 History of Montclair Township. his course through life. He has given liherally of his means in aid of puhlic iuid private charities, and always e.xtended a helping hand and a word of eiieouragenient to those who were fighting life's l)attle's amid adverse circumstances. THE CHITTENDEN FAMILY. Line of Descent of Hknkv A. Chittenden from Wii.f.iam the Ancestor. William Chittenden, the American ancestor of this family, came from the parish of Canbrook, in Kent, near London, England, in 1639, and settled at Guilford, Conn., which was then a part of the New Haven Colony. He was one of the six persons selected to purchase lands in Guilford, and was the chief military man in the plantation, hearing the title of '"Lieutenant." He had been a soldier in the English Arm}' in the Netherlands, where lie held the title of "Major." He was a chief magistrate in the colony and a deputy his death. He was a man and common sense, and protect the interests of the who had left their native free exercise of their relig- homestead in Guilford in the hands of his de- " Mapleside." is said to be derived from from the words chy or dun [hill], meaning the hill." Henry A. Chittenden is the ten children of Josiah, born in Woodbur}', Simeon (1), I)orn in Giiil- soldier of the Revolution, Guilford troops in the was the father of Abel, of Simeon (2), was born was a man of prominence force and energy of char- religious convictions, win, daughter of Timothy He resided on the lot H. A. CHITTENDEN. to the General Court until of great executive ability did much to advance and little band of colonists lands in order to enjoy the ious principles. The old which he occupied is still scendants and is known as The name of Cliittenden the British and Welsh, [house], tane [lower], din " lower house nnder the The line of descent of through Thomas, one of William; thence through Conn., in 1677, "Deacon" ford, 1714; Simeon (2), a who enlisted with the "Lexington Alarm." He Abel Chittenden, son in Guilford in 1779. He in the communitv, of great acter, and possessed strong Married Ann Hart Bald- Baldwin and Olive Norton, occupied by William the ancestor. His children were : Henry Baldwin, Olive Norton, Sarah Dudley, Anna Hart, Simeon Baldwin — of whom hereafter — and Henry Abel. Simeon Baldwin, fifth child of Altel and Anna Hart (Baldwin) Chittenden was born at the home- stead in Guilford, Conn., in March, 1814. He was for many years the head of the well-known New York dry goods lirm of S. B. Chittenden tt Co., was a welbknown philanthropist, one of the most prom- inent as well as one of the most pojnilar men in Brooklyn. He i-epresented his Congressional District in Congress from 1S74 to 1881, and was one of the most influential members during that term. He was also Vice-President of the New York Chamber of Commerce for a number of years. He died in 1889. The library building which he gave to Yale College is a beautif id and enduring monument to his memory. Henry Abel Chittenden, youngest child of Abel and Anna Hart (Baldwin) Chittenden, Avas born at the homestead of his ancestors in Guilford, Conn., in April, 1816. He was educated at Guilford History of Montci.air Township. 207 and began his business career at a very early age in Xew Haven, Conn., and afterward went to Hartford, wliere for many years he was a prosperous and leading merchant. He was one of the early advocates of temperance, and took a prominent part in what was known as the " Wasliingtonian " movement. He subsequently removed to New York Cit}', and was for many years associated with his brother Simeon B. in the wholesale dry goods business, and later carried on business on his own account. He was for many years a resident of Brooklyn, and was one of the founders of Plymouth Church. He introduced liev. Henry Ward Beecher at the Broadway Tabernacle to the first eastern congregation where he distinguished himself, and was instrumental in the calling of Mr. Beecher to Plymouth Church. Mr. Chittenden was one of the jiioneers in the great abolition movement, and a pioniinent actor in tlie "underground rail- road" system which conveyed numbers of fugitive slaves to ])laces of safetj', he assisting by generous contributions of money and by personal efforts. He individually maintained a church at Washington in the cause of '"free speech"' for a ])criod of six years about this time. Plain, outsj)oken and fearless, he carried on the crusade wliich finally resulted in the nomination of Abraham Lincoln as the standard bearer of the Kepublican ])arty. He is a man of strong religious convictions, a thorough Bible student and possesses a wonderfully retentive memory, being able to leasant surrounding of trees, llowers anil shrubbery has since continued to reside. He married, in 1S44, Miss Henrietta Gano, of Ohio, a descendant of Francis Gerneaux, one of the French Huguenot refugees who came to America in 10S6 and settled in New Tlochelle, N. Y. Her great-grandfather, Ilev. John Gano, was the son of Daniel, and grandson of Stephen, and great-grandson of Francis, the ancestor who Americanized and clianged liis own name for simplicity to that of Gano. He was born in 1727, was a noted Baj)tist })reacher, who organized the first Baptist Church in New York City, and was ordained as its pastor in 1702. He early espoused the cause of the colonists in their struggle to shake off tlie British yoke, and became chaplain in Washington's army, and remained with his beloved commander, whose friend and spiritual adviser he was, until the close of the war. He was known as the " Fighting Parson " — was a man of great personal courage, and always found at the front encouraging the soldiers with hia genial presence and cheerful words. He removed to Kentucky and died at Fiank- fort in 1804. His son, Major-General John Stites Gano was a distinguished officer in the war of 1812, and the l)rincipal founder and proprietor of Covington, Ky. He died in 1822. His son. Major Daniel Gano, the father of Mrs. Chittenden, was the first white child born in the region known as the city of Cincinnati, in 1794. He was a gentleman of the old school, noted for his kindness of heart, great learning and courtly manners. He was a liberal patron of the fine arts, something of a poet, and counted among his most intimate friends Henry Clay, General Winfield Scott, Governor Clinton, General Harrison and the Marquis de Lafayette. His beautiful home "Acacia" was the mecca and rendezvous for all the distinguished people of that time. He did much to l)ui]d up his native city, and was beloved by all who knew him. His daughter, Mrs. Henry A. Chittenden, still living, inherits many of his amiable qualities, and is greatly beloved by her large circle of friends and acquaintances. The issue of the marriage of Henry A. Chit- tenden with Henrietta Gano is eight children — two deceased, Henrietta, aged three years, and Belle, aged thirteen. Those now living are Henry A., Jr., the editor ; Anna C. Duncan, wife of the eminent lawyer, 1). D. Duncan, formerly of St. Louis, but now of New York City, Daniel Gano, Charles Baldwin, Eliza- beth L., wife of Dr. W. E. Pinkliam, of New York, and William Lawrence. 208 History of Montclaik Township. Daniel Gaiio's latest namesake and descendant is Gano Westervelt Chittenden, born Nt)veinl)er 9, 1890, the son of Henry A. Cliittenden, Jr., for many yeai-s in the editorial service of Mr. James Gordon Bennett on the Nciu York Herald and the Telegram, his niotlier being Alice Westervelt, of Paterson, N. J., a well-known magazine and news^mper writer. William Lawrence Chittenden, known as the "Poet Ranchman," youngest child of Henry A. and Henrietta (Gano) Chittenden, was born in Montckiir, N. J., March, 1802. He is named from William tlie ancestor and from his maternal grandmother, who belonged to tlie distinguished Lawrence family. William L., or "Larry,"' as he is familiarly known, enjoyed nil the advantages of the higher education for which Montclair is famous. As a lad he was jiopular with his schoolmates, full of fun, and fond of practical jokes; he was " irrepressible," it is said, and became the " scapegoat " of tlie village, preferring to bear the sins of others rather than " peach" on liis com jianions. Fond of athletic sports^ bathing, tishing, etc., he gave more attention to these than to his books. Later in life he saw his mistake and made up for lost time in early athletic training served years, for lie became famous and distinguished himself by tlie summer of 1891, at rescuing two New York in the surf at the great risk to his business career and his veston Neivs says of him : went into the wholesale dry- and uncle, and few poets have of what there is iii a tine has been properly made up. torial and literary work for 1887 he went into the cattle S. B. Chittenden and settled where as a bachelor he now tlie ranch, listening to the music of the night winds, stincts, and his spirit rose in life into his lines, and our of his success. His ' Ranch assumed tangible form and (^Ay-VyJJKJ^ ^ Kf^J\AJiSflji>~\^^ hard study and reading. His him a good ])urpose in later as arider, swimmerand diver, his boldness and daring in Spring Lake Beach, N. J., by young ladies from drowning of his own life. Referring genius as a poet, the Gal- "When very young Larry goods Ijusiness with his father a better aji^treciation than he piece of dry-goods — after it He also has done much repor- the New York papers. In business with his uncle Mr. in Jones County, Texas, resides. The solitary life on songs of the birds and the developed Larry's poetic in- song. He has wrought his readers may well be proud Verses,' as Larry terms them, assumed tangible form and |^ — r*/).. iD Gi^' irV""^^ were published in a volume issued by G. P. Putnam's v\! JJliU^^vV^ ^X)^o^JiAA^^ UivxUflA-dc^ gy^g^ of js^ew York. The first edition was soon ex- ^^ hausted, and the second edi- tion, more elaborate than the first and beautifully illustrated, has lately been issued. The critics of this country and P^urope were unstinted in their ])raise of the work, and Larry tinds himself on the high road to fame in this his first attempt to reach the public. In Western parlance, 'honors are easy' with him and he bears them modestly." The Boston Home Journal says of the volume : " It is full of true poetic genius and is a very welcome contribution to our best American poetical literature." The London Saturday Review says: " Ranch Verses are tuneful, manly in sentiment, and musical in How. The^' have a right cheerful tone and are full of spirit and vivacity. The joy of existence and the sense of perfect sympathy for free and tameless nature animates Mr. Chittenden's lyrics." "Sure to become a favorite," says the Glasgow (Scotland) Herald. IhMic Opinion says : " Will win from readers old and young unstinted praise and warm eulogy. The bold intellect of the author, tempered by culture and refinement, has produced a volume that must bring him fame.'' " Ranch Verses," says the Review of Reviews, " are worthy of a place beside those of Riley, Ilarte, Field and Miller." Not an adverse ^ y History of Montclair Township. 209 criticism of the work has yet appeared, and a vohime could be compiled of the many pleasant things said by his reviewers. In the words of the St. Louis Republic: "We repeat that ' variety is tlie soul i>f it all and the spice of life pervades it.' " The Montclair TiV/u'-s, belicviiisj that in this case a "prophet hatli honor ill his own country " and anions his own kindred, enqihasizcs the sentiments expressed by others, and says, " All honor to our Poet lianclunan." THE PARKIlUliST FAMILY AND COLLATERAL BRANCHES. Four families of this name, bearinj; arms, are mentioned by IJurke as early as the fifteenth century; two were of London, one was of Cuunty Noi'folk, one of County Surrey. One of this name was Lord Mayor of London in IGii.i. Another, Rev. Joiiii Parkluirst, was Ciiaplain to Queen Elizabeth — so stated in Alice Strickland's " Queens of England." The London family bore Arms. — Argent a cross ermines between four bucks trippatit ppr. Cnst. — Out of a pallisado coronet or, a buck's head erased ai-geiit attired of the first. Geoeuk PAUKnrKST, the American ancestor, was of Watertown, Mass., as early as 1()43. lie married Susanna, widow of John Sitnpson, and removed to Boston about 1655. He had a son George (2) Ijy his tir^t wife, liorn in England in KilS. (tkhkgk (2) PAKKuriiST, son of George first b}' his first wife, was born in I'ils in England and cMme over with his father. He remained in Watertown. He married, and liad, among other children, .lolm. John (1) Pakkhlkst, son of (ieorge (2) married and had a child, John (2). John i'l) Pakkhlkst, son of John (I), was born in Watertown. He married and had children, Isaac and Jonas, who removed to Milford about 1735. Jonas Pakkhikst, son of John (2) wiis born in Watertown, married Abigail Morse, and removed to Milford, Mass. They had a son, Ephraini. Ephkaim I'AKKncK.sT, son of Jonas and Aliigail (Morse) Parkhurst, was born in Milford, Mass., Dec. 27, 1743. lie married Jemima Mayward, and had a son Nathan. Nathan Pakkhlkst, son of Ephraini and Jemima (Mayward) Parkhurst, was born in Milford, June 20, 1770. He dwelt mostly on the "Island," so called, and for many years owned a mill seat just Ik'Iow Charles Itiver Bridge : he was a clothier anil miller by trade and did an extensive business. He married Ruth, daughter of Deacon Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Nelson) Rawson, born October 25, 1770. Deacon Nathaniel Rawson, born July l>, 1745, was the son of Thomas, who was the son of Wilson, who was the son of Grindal Rawson, "The faithful and learned ])astor of the Church of ('hrist in Mendon, who died February (>, 1715. This Grindal Rawson was the author of a work entitled •(."onfcssions of Faith,' written in the Indian and Etiglish tongues. He was the friend and classmate of Cotton Mather. By an order passed by the General Court of Massachusetts, July 31, 1C92, he, with others, was desired to accompany the General and I^orces in the expedition against Canada, to carry on the worshiping of God in that ex)iedition.'' Grindal was the son of William, who was the son of Edward Rawson, the progenitor of all bearing the name of Rawson in the United States. He was born in (iillingliani, Dorsetshire. England, April 15,1015. He was married. in England to Rachel Periie, daughter of Tiiomas Periie, and grand-daughter of John Hooker, whose wife was a (irindal, sister of Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Edward Rawson came to Newljury, in the Colony t)f Massachusetts Bay, as early as 1G37. He was a grantee of that town, chosen Publick Notary and Register, 1638, and was annually re-elected until chosen Secretary of the Colony. The issue of the marriage of Nathan Parkhurst with Ruth Rawson was Evelina, born 1797; Ziba, born 1799; Stephen Rawson, of whom hereafter; Parmenus Parsus, born 1802, and Waldo, born LSU7. Stephen Rawson Pakkhlkst, third child and second son of Nathan and Ruth (Rawson) Park- burst, was born at ^filford, Ma.=s., March 19, 1802. He enjoyed the usual advantages of a common school education, with a brief term at the academy. It was his father's wish that he study civil engineering, but for this he had neither taste nor inclination. His fondness for mechanics was shown in early life, 21(1 History of Montclair Township. Ijiit it was not until the necessity arose that he developed the wonderful inventive genius that afterward placed him in the front rank of American inventors. He was but nineteen years of age when his father died, and, being thrown on his own resonrces, he began the battle of life with nothing save his own indonutable will, pluck, energy and perseverance. He lirst took to himself a wife and then obtained a situation in the carding department of a woolen mill, where he not only mastered the details, but saw the necessity fur and the advantages to be gained by improved machinery. His lirst invention, although a very important one, he neglected to patent, and thereby failed to reap the benefits of it. His services, however, became valuable to his employer, and by the time he reached his majority he had accumulated a capital of $2,000, with which he started in bl^siness for himself, lie was successful from the beginning, and was constantly engaged in making improvements in cotton and woolen machinery. His elder brother succeeded to the father's business in Milford. Stephen next assumed it, who, after carrying it on for a short time, and making still further improvements, met with a great disaster in the destruction of the building by tire. After many hard struggles he decided to remove to New York City, where he soon after constructed machinery for the manufacture of his several inventions, and organized a company for the purpose of operating the business known as the Atlas Manufacturing Com- jmny. This was subsequently transferred to Newark, where the business is still continued in that name. As an inventor Mr. Tarkhurst did more to revolutionize the manufacture of wool atul cotton than any man since the days of Amos "VVhittemore and Eli Whitney. His first invention was known as the Burring Machine, for which he obtained Letters Patent May 1, 1845. The object of this invention was to remove the burrs, and other foreign substances, from wool before carding, thereby preventing damage to the card clothing, and etlecting great saving in labor and material, and to free cotton from seeds and other substances injurious to the staple, thereby materially enhancing its value. When used in comljination with a carding machine, as it generally is, the burr cylinder is placed next the feed rollers, draws the unburrcd wool fi-om l)etween them on to i)lain surface, between narrow, toothed, or serrated steel rings, placed upon a light, hollow, rigid, metallic cylinder, called a burr cylinder ; the plain surface being somewhat less in diameter than the serrated rings, allows the nuiterial to be drawn below the periphery of the steel rings on to the plain surface, and leaves the burrs 0!i top to be knocked off by a revolving guard over the burr cylinder into a trash leceptacle in front. The wool being thus freed from burrs, is stripped from the burr cylinder in the rear by a rapidly revolving card-clothed cylinder of the carding nuichine, and passes on through the machine in the ordinary process of carding. Previous to this invention various attempts had been nuule, especially on buriing wool, to devise some means whereby the burrs could be removed without injury to the libre and the wool rendered more serviceable for high grade manufacturing purposes, but with only partial success. At the time of the introduction of these machines into use, the old methods of picking the burrs from the wool by hand, or cutting theui out with common sheep shears, was generally resorted to. But this process was slow, tedious, expensive, and unreliable, and wool, which was very burry— especially foreign wools of this description — was only used to a very limited extent in this country, in consequence of the great difficulty and expense incurred in removing the burrs. Besides inventing numerous other machines of a similar character, Mr. Parkhurst made many improvements in his burring machine. He was subjected to a long and expensive litigation in de- fending his patents, and Judge Nelson i>f the U. S. Circuit Court, in giving his decision in 1865, remarked that " this invention was very meritorious." He invented his Double Burring Machine in 18(52. His steel ring cylinders and feed rollers as applied to carding machines are still regarded as the best in the market, and his machinery for cleaning wool is considered far superior to any machine for this purpose in this country or in Europe. His Steel Cylinder Cotton Gin, patented long before the war, was of inestimable value to the planters of the South. One planter wrote : "The cotton that I ginned on them last year sold for one and a half cents more than my saw-gin cotton." This was especially adaj^ted to the long and short staple cotton, withont injury to the fibre. It received the First Medal and Diploma at the Fair of the American Institute in 1869. History of Montclair Township. 211 .Mr. Parkliurst had a large sale for his Cotton Gin at tlie South before the war. lie lost heavily, however, at the breaking out of the war, and after that confined his attention principally to the manufacture of other niacliinery. He removed to Montclair, or what was then West Bloomfield, about 1S.5T. He [jurchased the Mountain House property, where he resided for a number of years until his death in April, Is^T. He was a man of nnimpcacbable integrity, uprightness of chai-acter, generous to a fault, and greatly beloved by his associates and employees — to any and all of whom he was ever ready to lend a hei|iing hand. Mr. Parkhurst married Thankful Legge, daughter of David I^gge, of Mendon, Ma.ss., who served as Sergeant in the War of the Revolution, and was with Washington at Valley Forge. He was a descendant of John Legge, of Salem, 1031, who came in the fleet with Winthropand lived at Marblehead. Members of this family weie noted for their personal jirowess and courage ; several of them took part in the Colonial as well as the French and Indian Wars ; their descendants were largely represented in the War of the Rebellion. David Legge was the son of William, who was probably the son of John Legge, of Mendun, who married JLinnah Nelson, daughter of Cxersham and Abigail ( Winthrop) Xelson born at Rowlev, 1714. The issue of Mr. Parkhurst's marriage with Thankful Legge was Sylvester, born 1S22, died 1824; Elizabeth, who married Warren Holt; Emily Ruth and Henry C. The latter was a bright, promising young man who inherited much i.f his father's inventive genius. Referring to his untimely death, the MUford Journal says : " Among the lost by the late explosion of the steamer Princess on the ^[ississippi River, was Henry C. Parkhurst, only son of Stephen R. Parkhurst. of New York, formerly of this town. Ry this sad casualty a father and mother and two sisters, with a large circle of relatives, have been bereaved of a most dutiful and affectionate son, brother and frietxi. In his business relations, whicli were very extensive, he had the confidence and esteem of all with whom he was in any way coimected. He leaves beliiml liitn the record of a short life well spent, and the cheering consolation to his friends that liis record was on high. He wiis a prominent man, and was acting as traveling agent of the establishment when he lost his life. His education was received at the Mountain House School, kept by Mr. Warren Holt, then one of the most popular educational institutions in the State. It was this fact that led his parents subsequently to settle in this locality and to purchase the building. Mr. Warren Holt (long known as one of the most successful teachers in We.st Bloomfield), who married the second cliild of Stephen R. Parkhurst, erected on the crest of the mountain, near Bloomfield Avenue, one of the beautiful villas in that locality. The site on which this house rests afifords the most extended view of any f.ther in the township. Looking toward the east there is an uninterrupted view of the whole country from the mouth of the Hudson River to the terminus of the Pali.sades. Look- ing west there is a beautiful view of the township of Verona in the valley, with the Second Mountain and the township of Caldwell in the distance ; looking north, the beautiful Passaic Valley, with its numerous towns and villages, easily discerned on a clear dav. THE BO YD FAMILY. Line ok Desce.vt of Robert M. Bovd. It is stated in "Burke's Landed Gentry," that "This family is of very considerable antiquity, having a common ancestor with the Boyds, Earls of Kilmarnock, the last of whom bearing the title suffered on Tower Hill in 174.^ for his devotion to the ill-fated race of Stewart. The first recorded ancestor, Simon, brother of Walter, High Steward of Scotland, witnessed the foundation charter of the monastery of Paisley in H<;0, and is therein designed 'frater Walter! filii dapferi.' " He was father of Robert, called Boyt or Boijd, from his complexion, the Celtic wi^rd Boidh signifying fair, and from liim derived the various families of the name. The lands of Kilmarnock were granted by Robert the Bruce to his gallent adherent. Sir Roijkrt B(ni), who had been among the first as-sociates of the prince in his arduous attempt to restore the liberties of Scotland. Sir Robert was father of three sons: Sir Thomas, 212 History of Montclair Township. liis lieir ; Alan, who commaiuled tlie Scottisli archers at the siege of Perth, in 1339, where he was slain. The eldest son. Sir Thomas Boyd, was taken prisoner, together with King David II. at the battle of Durham in 13-16. James Boyd, one of the four brothers who migrated to America, was of Kilmarnock stock, originating iu Ayreshire, Scotland ; transferred to County Down, in the North of Ireland. This James, the third brother, sailed from Belfast, Ireland, August 9, ITofi, witii his wife and children. His eldest son, Samuel, visited America four years earlier than his fathei", and returned to Ireland, whence he came back as a permanent settler in 1756, and thereafter resided in Little Britain Parish, Conn., until his death, May 27, 1801, in his sixty-seventh year. He served in the French and Canadian War, and furnished a substitute in the Revolution. His son James, who settled in Winsted, Conn., forged the chain that was stretched across the Hudson from Fort Washington to the Jersey shore during the Revolution, to prevent the British ships from passing up the river. He had a son, Samuel. Sajiuel (i) BoTD, born June 24, 1802, was engaged as a trader and manufacturer in Winsted till 1S33. He was prominent in military and other affairs in his native town and was Captain of a militia company. He went to New Orleans in 1S36 in company with four friends, all of whom died during the great yellow fever epidemic of the following year. He was the first taken and after his recovery nursed his friends. He was a member of the Howard Benevolent Association and did a noble work in nursing the sick during the prevalence of that terrible scourge. He matle many friends and was sucees.sful in all his lousiness operations. He invested largely in real estate and owned a beautiful residence in Lafayette, then a suburb above, now a portion of the city of New Orleans. He was popular with the masses and served as a member of the Board of Aldermen. He returned to New York City in 1850, and engaged in the commission hardware business. He was appointed Aj^praiser in the New York Custom House in 1S60, and held that position until his death in 1885. He was for some years a resident of Brooklyn ; was one of the founders and a j)rominent member of Plymouth Church during the early part of Beecher's pastorate and was instrumental in calling him to the church. He removed to West Bloomfield about 185G, and later built a house on Fullerton Avenue, on the site now occujjied by the Wilde Memorial Chapel, where he resided until his death. The house was removed to Grove Street and is at present occupied by Dr. Shelton. He was one of the founders of the First Congregational Church in Montclair, and was instrumental in calling Dr. A. A. Bradford as its pastor. He was a man of genial nature, sympathetic, and of large-hearted liberality. He was a friend of the poor and unfortunate, and delighted in doing good and helping others. He married, September 20, 1825, Sylvia Coe (still living, 1893), daughter of Jonathan and Charlotte (Spencer) Coe, a descendant of Robert Coe, who came from England in 163-4 and settled in Connecticut. Tliey had issue, James 31., deceased ; 3Ljria)ine (married Henry B. Keen); Sarah Jane, married Thomas Howe Bird (see sketch) ; Robert Mimro, of whom hereafter ; Alice Isabel, born in New Orleans, La., married Rev. Nelson Millard — issue, Ernest Boyd and Ethel Florence. Robert Muneo Boyd, fourth child of Samuel and Sylvia (Coe) Boyd, was born in Winsted, Conn. His education was received at the public school and academy in his native town. He came to New Yoi'k about 1852 and engaged as clerk in the wholesale dry-goods business, and in 1868 he became a partner in a large importing house, of which he has since become the senior partner, the business having been successfully conducted for more than a quarter of a century. His success is due in a great measure to the confidential relations established between himself and his employees. They are treated like men, and made to feel that the interests of employer and employee are mutual. His aim in life has been to apply the golden rule in all his relations with his fellow men. Modest and unassuming, yet a man of great energy, force and determination of character. A portion of his early life was spent in New Orleans and later in Brooklyn. He removed to Montclair in 1856, and has not only witnessed but has aided materially in its growth from a little village of a few hundred inhabitants to a suburban township of over 10,000. He has invested extensively in real estate both in IMontclair and Upper Montclair, which he has greatly improved. He has been I I I History of Montclair Township. 213 especially interested in the liiyiiiir out and itnpros-ement of streets, and was for some years a member of the townshiji Koad Commissioners. He lias also served several years as trustee of the First Congregational Church. In l^^^>'^ he built his present house, 51 Fullerton Avenue, where he has since resided. He married Kate 15., daughter of ^Fatthias Crane, grand-daughter of Israel (!ranc, and sixth in descent from Nathaniel Crane, one of the origiiuil settlers of Cranetown. Issue : Robert M., Jr., Susie Belle, and Bertha Louise. KoiJKHT M. Bovn. Jr., son of Robert M. and Katharine (Crane') Boyd, was born in Montclair, May ."», ISii^. lie began his education in the i)rimary department of the Montclair public school, passing through the various grades, graduated with honor, and took the valedictory. Entered Yale in 1880; took a Latin prize in the Freshman Class and the mathematical prize in the Soi)homore. He was appointed to speak at the Commencement and took the Cobden (^lub medal for excellence in political economy. lie entered Colundjia Law School in 1SS4, graduating in ISSG with the degree of LL.B., and took the degree of M.A. from Columbia School of Political Science. lie began practice in the office of Davies, Cole and Rapallo, New York, the same year. He spent one year with the Title CJuarantee and Trust Company, ami later opened an otHce on his own account at ?.2 Liberty Street. On January 1, 1889, he formed the present co-partnership of Murphy, Lloyd & Boyd, and has already acquired a corporation litigative and real estate practice. He is an indefatigable worker, and his college athletic training enables him to attend to his increasing responsibilities. Courteous, and even generous to his opj)onents, yet he leaves no stone unturned to win his case i>y honorable means. During his college life he took an active part in athletic games, and in these he has been a leader in Montclair. AVlietber at play or wurk, he obeys the Scriptural injunction, " Whatsoever thy band findetli to do, do with thy might." He has been Secretary, Treasurer, and President of the Tennis Club; Secretary, Vice-President, and President of the Dramatic Club, and Governor of the Athletic Club. He is ecpially earnest in religious ati'airs and is assistant deacon in the First Coui'rcs'ational C'liurch. HENRY NASON. Mr. Nason was among the first of the "new comers" to Montclair. He was a native of Augusta, Me., born June 11, 1818. He came to New York City at an early age and began business as clerk with one of the largest firms in the city, without compensation. At the age of twenty-one he started in business for himself at Farmington, Me. He purchased grain from the farmers direct, ship]>ed by teams to Hallowell, and thence to New York by water. He was the lirst to engage in the grain luisiness in that locality. Later he returned to New York City and engaged in the wholesale flour and grain business, on the corner of Water and Broad Streets, becoming, with his brother-in-law, Captain Collins, one of the leading firms in this line. He was for some time a resident of Brooklyn, aiul was one of the founders of Pilgrim Church (Dr. Storrs). He resided for two years in New York City, and in 1859 removed to IVIontdair, where he purchased a large tract of land on the mountain slope. He built the large stone mansion which faces Hillside Avenue, using the trap rock from the cliff directly in the rear. He was the pioneer on the mountain slope, and erected altogether fourteen houses. He opened at his expense Hillside Avenue and IVIountain Avenue from the Turnpike to the Ilaskill property, afterward continued to Llewellyn Park. He also opened Gates .Avenue, giving it his wife's maiden name. He was enthusiastic, j)ubli('-s]iirited, a man of intense energy and an earnest worker in the cause of temperance. His personal influence brought to Montclair many of its best citizens. He was a trustee in the Presbyterian Church, and liecame one of the founders of the Congregational Church. He subsequently removed to Virginia and liought a plantation six miles from Orange Court House, which soon became a settlement, with a post oflice, and later, when a railroad was cut through, he encouraged the enterprise, and in recognition of his aid, the company, after his death, named the place Nason. He at once established a colored Salibath School, which became very large, and in which every member of his family, old enough, was a teacher. 2U History of Montclair Township. The cliildren were taught to sing the Bradljury liyinns, and as soon as tliey were ahle to I'ead he pre- sented them witli Bibles. Si.xty Bibles were thus given away, and a flourishing church was finally established on the plantation. On a business trip to IVIontclair, September 6, 1876, he died veiy suddenly immediately after his ari'ival. lie was buried in Rosedale Cemetery, Orange. Mr. Nason was twice married, first to Sarah Wingate, of Maine, liy whom he had three children — two sons and a daughter. Jle married, secondly, Anna Gates, a native of Massachusetts, but educated and married in New York City, by whom he had eight children. Henry, the eldest, married Emelie Wood- rufi:, and resided for many years in Montclair, now of liedlands, Cal. Joseph Wingate, the second son, died in service of the Union Army during the Civil War (for record see Montclair in the Rebellion). The third child, Sarah, married Geo. Innes, Jr., who died suddenly in Virginia ; two, Theodore and Cliarles, died in infancy. The others were Horatio, Arthur, Frederick, Isabel, Malcolm and Anna; the latter married Hamilton Gathrie, and resides in Colorado; Isabel resides with her motlier at San Diego, Cal. ; the other sons referred to ai-e engaged in business in Calift)rnia. R. M. IIENING. TioB?:RT McClay Hening was one of the pioneers of the new settlement, and was present and took a jirominent part in the discussion which gave the new township its present name. He was a native of Steuben ville, O., ^^^^^^^ born in 1812, his father, James Gordon Ilenins. a native of thence, in the early part of the received a collegiate education established an extensive mer- Mo., which he carried on for 18J5 he removed to St. Louis, established house of James E. being changed to Hening & New Orleans and New York, nent mei'chants in St. Louis dent of the Chamljer of Com- esteem by the members of that in 1856 necessitated his re- year. The members of the St. adopted a series of resolution.s him as a merchant, and of their presented him with an elegant Vii'ginia, having removed pi'esent ceiitui-y. R. M. Hening in Virginia. He subsequently can tile business in Alexandi-ia, some five or six years. About Mo., where he joined the old- Woodruff, the firm afterwards \Voodrufl:, with branches at lie was one of the most promi- and was for some time Presi- merce, and was held in high body. The death of his partner moval to New York the same Louis ('haml)er of Commerce expressive of their esteem of personal regard as a man ; and silver service, consisting of sal- ver, coffee urn, etc., on which -vC, JnJKP^^ ^^^^r was inscribed the following : " Presented to R. M. Hening, '^^^^^^^^^^^^ ''^*'^ President of the Chamber of Commerce by the Merchants ^^^^^^^'^ and Marine of said city, as a testimonial of their regard and '^' ^'' "^■^^^''•- esteem." Mr. Hening earrie]»erty wiiich lie presented to the Cliiircli, and also made a liberal donation for the erection of the ehurcli editice. He died in .lumiarv, 1S75. SodiL after tiie death of Mr. Ilening a special nieetini; of the \'estry of St. Luke's Church wa.^; held and the following preamble and resolution was ado])ted : Whereas, The Vestry of St. Luke's Church having heard of the death of our late esteemed associate, Mr. Robert M. Ileiiing ; therefore, be it litso/Tfii. That in the death of Mr. Hening the Church and community have occasion to mourn the loss of one whose jjenial presence, uprightness and integrity of character, wise counsels, unaffected kindness of heart, and thoughtful and unselfish solicitude for the comfort and welfare of others endeared him to all who enjoyed the privilege of his acquaintance. For several years a most earnest and efficient member of this Vestry, feeling a deep interest in the welfare and prosperity of the Church, not alone evidenced by words but by munificent liberality, freely giving of his means in the erection of our beautiful church building, and in sustaining the ministrations of the tiospel, the Vestry cannot let this occasion p.-iss without bearing record to their uninterrujJted confidence and affectionate regard during the long and pleasant official and personal intercourse they have enjoyed with tlieir departed and lamented friend. Tliey will ever cherish his memory in affectionate remembrance, and as a testimony of respect will attend his funeral in a body. A'fsi>/<'ti/. That these proceedings be placed upon the minutes of the Vestry and the Secretary be requested to forward a copy to the afflicted family, with the assurance of our sincere and earnest sympathy in the great bereavement thev have sustained. ALFRED TAYLOR, Secretary Vestry. Mi47. He came East with his parents in lS.")ti, and was educated at the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. He was engajred for a time in his father's office, and subseciuently represented the gold (le|mrtmcnt of Edward Sweet vV Co. in the E.xchango, remaining until gold reached par, and was afterward in the office of that firm. Later he started in business for himself, dealing specially in government bonds and miscellaneous .securities, and had charge of the de]>artment of goverment bonds foi- tin' house of lvlw:nd Sweet & ('o. Snb9e((uently he bought a seat in the Con- solidated Stock E.xchaiige. dealing in . -locks, petroleum, etc., continuing until 1 SI) 1. He has since been engaged in the real estate business in .Montclair. GEORCiE GARDI.NKK I )i;.\ I'KK. Mi:. I)i;ai'i;k wa> iiorii at Urooktield, N. II., October 7, 1S13. Juims^ the .Viiierican ancestor of the I)ra[»ers, was the son of Thomas Draper, of the Priory of Ilepstonstall, \'icarage of Halifa.x, Yorkshire County-, England, born at ilepstonstall 1018, died at Ro.\bm-y, Mass., duly, UilU. Ik: married Miriam, daughter of Gideon Stanstield and Grace Eastwood, of Wadsworth, Yorksliire. He emigratt'd to Xew England previous to 1076, being at Chai'lestown that year. He subsiqiieiitlv settled at Ro.xbury, Mass., where three of his children were born, and moved thence to Dedhani, where he resided for some years, and fiiudly returned to Ro.xbury. The descent of (ieorge G. Draper from James, the ancestor, is through Juines (2), James {'r>), Ju.'iltita, and Axa, who was his father. The latter married Ruth Whittemore, daughter of Thomas, and a direct descendant of Thomas Whittemore, one of the earliest settlers of Charlestown, Mass., about 1638-1). The farm of Thomas, the ancestor, was bounded east by Chelsea and south by ^lystic River. This remained in possession of the Whittemore family until 1845, and the homestead remained intact until 1866, when it was destroyed by tire. This family traces its origin from John, Lord of Wliytemere. Earlier than the year 1300 is the iirst recorded name, that of John, Lord of Wliytemere, having his domicile at Wliytemere, on the north side of the parish of Bobbington, in the manor of Claverly, in Shropshire. At the present time the same locality bears the name of Whittemore. The Anglo- 21ti History of Montclair Township. etymology of the word Wliyteinere, is lohite meadoto, or lake, and the first John, Lord of ANHiytemere, derived the name of the family from the place where they originally resided. George G. Draper, son of Asa and Ruth (Whittemore) Draper, was edncated in his native town, and removed to New York City abont 1S36, where he obtained a position as clerk in the once prominent firm of L. & V. Kirby. His large acqnaintance with Vermont and New Hampshire business men, Ull.LoW lUiuuK IIUMKSTEAD. together with his peculiar abilities as a salesman, gained for him a recognized position in the trade, and soon enaljled him to begin business on his own account. About the year lS-i<> be formed the bouse of Welling, Hoot & Draper, and subsequently was a member of the firms of Draper, Aldricb t*c Friiik, Draper, Aldricb & Co., Draper, Knox ife Ingersoll, and Draper. Knox it Co., importers and commission merchants. In these several connections he was uniformly successful until, in the financial cyclone of ^m^^^ ■l//^^ History of Montclair Township. 217 1857, the last-naiuod firm sncfumVjed. Durini; tlie reiiiaiiiiiiir years of his lite he was comparatively inactive in bnsiness, althongli busily and conscientiously occupied in an honorable closiiiij up of his old affairs. He was one of the most popular and energetic of Xew York merchants, and in point of ability and reputation ranked with such men as Simeon ]}. Draper, his esteemed cousin, and other prominent men of that period. While taking no prominent part in politics, he was among the first to join the ranks of the republican party, and was loyal in his support of the government during the war. He encouraged enlistments of young men and in some cases even supported their families during their absence. He setit cpiaiitities of food, provisions, fruit, wine and dotliing to army hospitals for the benefit of sick aiui disabled soldiers. Although his means were limited during the latter j-ears of his life, he never failed to respond to the calls of charity and benevolence. Any case of suffering or want that appealed to iiini found a (piick and ready response. Deserving young men found in him a faithful fiiend and wise counselor. Mr. Draper spent many years in Brooklyn, where he was well known in social circles and highly esteemed. He was a regular attendant at I'lymouth Church. After closing up his business affairs in New York, he sold iiis Brooklyn j)roperty and purchased what was known as the Willow liruok Fai-ni in Montclair, consisting of about t!(i acres situated oti AVashington Avenue, near the Orange IJoad, and running to the Illoomfield line. The property was formerly owned bv Jason Crane; the iniu>e, built in 17'>4, is still in an excellent state of jtreservation, and is one of the most i)ictures(pie of the old landnuiiks of Montclair. (See view.) Mr. Diaper was one cf the i)arties who were instrumental in naming the present township. Iteing a native of (.'laremont, X. il., he suggested that name, but as it was found that there were several other places of this name, it was reversed and called Jlaittclair. Thniigh not a member of any church, be exemplified in his daily walk the teaching of the Bible, and endeavored to live up to the '• (ioiden liuie." He married, Dccendter ;">, lS4t!, Miss Annie C. Ballard, of New York. Issue : Georgia Annie, Charles Ballard, Rebecca Ballard, Iluth Clara, and Frank llal'anl. SAMUEL WIl.DK. Samiki. Wii.dk W!is born in Dnrdiesti-r, Mass., October •'!, l.s;!l, and 4n, and became a resident of Brainlree, Ma.-;s., in 1041. She was a descendant of William 1 layden, who came over in the " Mary and John," in 1680, and settled in D(jrcli ester, Mass. The (•liijiirfn of .loiin and Sjirah Hayden Wilde, were John, Samuel, William and Sarah. The Samuel referred to had, among other children, a son Joseph (grandfather of Samuel Wilde, the suljject of this sketch), who was a I.icntenant in the Continental Army, in the War of the Revolution, his commission be- ing signed by John Hancock (see /ac ««Vi/Z<; of commission on opposite page, together witii the arms of the Wilde fiimily and collateral branches) whf) was an officer in the War of the Revolution. His ^on Samuel (who was father of the subject of this sketch; was born in Dorchester, Mass., in lS(tU, and reiiiovetl to New York City in 1820, where he engaged for a time in the hardware and hjoking-glass trade. Eater he engaged in the coffee and spice business, under the firm name of Witliington & Wilde, his j)artner being tiie pioneer in this country of the process of roa-sling coffee by machinery for the grocers' trade. He resivements. He represented the Assembly District in the State Legislature in 1872-73, and made for himself an honorable record. W'hen he first removed to Montclair ill'. Wilde united with the First Presbyterian Church, but witlidrew with others in 1870 and became one of the founders of the Plrst Congregational Church of Christ. He was one of its first Trustees, and continued in office for about eighteen years, and its first Treasurer — was a member of the Building Committee, and during the whole period of his life in Mont- History of Montclair TowNsmr. 219 clair. up to the day of liis death, was one of the most faithful workei-s in tlie cliiirch and Sabbath School, having taught a class until his failing health conijjelled him to relinc^uish those duties, and almost tlie la.st act of his life was to j)rovide a most delightful and attractive stereopticon entertainment for the children of the Sabbath School. The "Words of Kemembrance" uttered by his Pastor, Rev. Dr. IJiadford. vuiceeak, and yet there is no need, so evident was it and so constant. We might speak of his honorable reputation in business circles where never a shadow of suspicion crossed the minds of any ei^ncerning his integrity and manliness. We might speak of his brief career in politics, where he was always known as a man absolutely incorruj)tible, one whose very look was a rejiroof to any who should dare approach him with the suggestion of a bribe. * * * In a thousand (juiet ways he was always helping those who were oppressed. " He was ])ublic spirited. For the last twenty-five years no good work has Ijeen started in this community which has not had his active and hearty symjiathy. In the library of this house meetings have i)een held for many of the most prominent movements fur the improvement of the town, and no man among us was more earnest than he in advocacy of wise plans for advancing the pulilic interest. " He was the constant friend of our educational institutions, not only here but in the country at large. Only a few months ago the President of one of our Western colleges came East in an emergency, and met a (piick response from the generosity of Mr. Wilde. Many other institutions both North and South have t>ecn liberally aided by him. For many years Mr. and Mrs. Wilde have given the prizes in our public sci Is. and it is pecidiarly fitting that the school sessions should have been adjoiirned this after- noon in memory of their frienf improved educational facilities, and gave freely of his time and money to further this end. He was in hearty accord with Dr. Love and others in their efforts to change the old district schoiil system to the present system which is far in advance of most suburban towns. He was made a Trustee in 1873, and for a period of eighteen years he labored faithfully and earnestly to promote the educational interests of Montclair. For nine years — 1883-1S91 — he was President of the Board, and in that position exercised a potent influence in advanc- ing the cause. His views were always in harmony with the majority of his colleagues, and when he retired, in 1891, he was the oldest member of the Board, except Dr. Love. He earned the gratitude of his fellow citizens by his faithful aiul yiersistent efforts in carrying forward the system of higher education. lUx^L^ X. -'^dL nve^'L'. History of Montclair TowNsiiir. 221 Beiiiij a Democrat in politics he lias always worked with the minority, hut at the same time has worked hupefiilly and has lived to sec his i>arty tirndy estahlishcd with brighter prospects for the future. During the war he gave substantial evidence of his |)atri<>tisni hy his generous contributions in aid of enlistments, and of the many benevolent undertakings in aid of tlie Tnion soldiers. As a pul)lic-s))irited man lie is held in high esteem by iiis fellow citizens. Mr. Willmcr married, in 18.52, llarriette Wheeler, dauijiiter of Dr. John Wlieeler, of New York City, an oculist of repute, born in Birmingham, England. Eight children are the issue of this marriage, only three of whom are now living, viz.: K, deceased ; Amij, married Charles K. Rogers, the son of iier father's former partner; Ethel, deceased ; Clxirles, deceased, and Jennie. THE .\ D.V.MS l-AMli.Y. 1,IXK OK DkscK.ST Klv-iiM lIl-NriV .\|>.\MS, o| I'.l; A I M K IK, M\s^.. llIoH. The earliest record of the English branch of the Adams family is that of .lohn Ap Adam, who was summoned to parliament as Baron of the liealm, l-J'.M". to |:'>U7. It is .said tiiat .\p Adam (i i '• i-;ime out of the ifai-ches (d' Wales." ("Marches" re t'eiv to borders, particularly the contines of Enghiiitained, a dc-ccndant of Ileniy Adams of I'raintree. John Adams, second President of the I iiittd States, iii pa.' sing to and frcm Washingtcjn and his home 222 History of Montclair TowNSiiir. ill Braiiitree, Mas,<., stopped frerpiently at the house of Jesse Adams, at White Plains, N. Y., and always addressed him as cousin. Jesse Adams married Mary Sycard, daughter of Jonathan Sycard (now Secor), and Sarah Flandreau, descendants of tlie French Protestant Huguenot families of Sycard and Fhuidreau, wlio fled from Rochelle, France, in 16S1, and settled in Xew RocheHe, Westchester Co., New York. Mr. Adams has in liis possession the large iron-hound chest in which xVnibroise Sycard and his wife, Jennie Serrot, packed their little all, on the night of their end)arkment from Rochelle, France. Washington Irving Adams was born in New York City, March 25, 1832. His father was Barnahas Scureman Adams, who married Elizaheth Carhart, June 12, IS;!1, horn Fehruary 7, 1 803, daughter of Ilachdhih C'arhart, horn at Rye, N. Y., Jan. 3(), 1755, and nuirried April 2d. 1785, Margaret Anderson, daughter of Isaac Anderson, of Rye. Hackaliah Carhart was the son of Thomas (2), horn about 171 S, and Elizabeth (Purdy) Carhart, " IRVINGCROKT," RESIDKNCE OF \V. IRVING ADAMS, LLEWELLYN ROAD. granddaughter of Hackaliah IJi-own, of Rye, who was the son of Thomas Brown, of Rye, Sussex Co.^ England. The family of Brown, of Rye, Westchester Co., N. Y., was descended from the Browns of Beach- worth, in the Connty of Kent, England, founded by Sir Anthony Brown, who was created Knight of the Bath, at the coronation of Richard II. His son, Sir Stephen Brown, was Lord Mayor of London in 11. 'Jit. Sir Thomas Brown, living in the time of Henry V., was the father of Sir Thomas Brown, treasurer of the household of Henry A^I., from 1444 to 1400. Thomas Bi'own, Es(|., of Rye, Sussex Co., England, emigrated to Concord, Mass., in 1C32. His sons were Thomas, and Hackaliah, of Westchester Co., N. Y. The name of Rye, AVestehester Co., New York, was given in honor of the Brown family, of Rye, Sussex Co., Euirland. History of Montci.air Township. 223 Tlie tii-st Aiiicricaii ancestor of the Carliart family was Tliomas Oarhart, horn in Cornwall. Eng- land, about l().")(l. lie arrived in Xew York, August 25, 1CS3, holding the appointment of Private Secretary to Col. Tlioma« Dongaii, English Colonial Governor oi the Colonies at that date. Thomas Carhart married, in ItilU, Mary Lord, daughter of Kobert Lord, of Cambridge, and Rebecca Phillips, of Boston, Mass., and granddaughter of ^[ajor Wm. Phillips, Major Coniniandant of the military forces of the Province of Maine in KiOS. The name of Carhart is apparently of Saxon and Danish origin, from : Car, Anglo-Saxon, a rock, or cue/; a town or city. 7/eiirte, .\nglo-Saxon, and f/erle. Old Saxon, from which is derived the word, heart. If' lift, Anglo-Saxon, and //< rf. Danish, from which is derived the woi'd /u/rf, a stag. Arms of 142n. S/,i,/i/. ar. two bars sa. in chief, a demi (xritlin, issuant of the la.st. Cirit, a demi man, naked, ar. a wreath about his head, sa. in i-ight hand an (paken branch, vt. Acorns, or. Crest of 16th C'ent. Cre«t, a stag, ermined, attired, /'j/mo/ufsfon's Ih nthlnj. These arms were achieved and gi'anteal or State government, lie was foi- many years a vestryman of St. Luke's Episcopal ('linrch. Since young manhood he has been jironiinentiy identitied with the ^lasonic fraternity, having served twenty-one years as secretary of Lafayette Lodge, No. (14. of New York City, and two years a.s master. On Eebruary it, iS'.t;!, he wa.s presented by the lodge with an elegant past master's jewel, set with diamonds, in recognition of his long and faithful service. In Capitidar Masonry he was advanced and cxaltcil in Corinthian Chapter to i;..\.M. In the Chivalric Oi-iier, he was created and dubbed a knight templar in Morton Conunandery, No. 4, all of New York City, lie is also a member of the Society of Colonial AVars, by virtue of descent from three ancestors entitling him to meml)ership. Mr. Adams removed with his family to Montelair in lsssible the buildings, together with their surroundings, adding to and eidarging the homestead with interior and exterior modern imj)royenients. The land.scajie features were also improved by the a, 1S93. Mary Wilso.v Adams, youngest child of Washingtuii Irving and Marion Lydia (Briggs) Adams, was born in ^[ontclair, N. J., July S, Istl'.t, married t)etiiber 81, 1892, William Palmer Prigden, of Norwich, Conn. Their child, George Irving, was born November 8, 1893. VIEW FROM " IRVINGCROFT. Chapter XV. The Families of Brautiram, Sweet, Holmes, Poetee, Van Vleck, Johnson, Noyes, Benedict, Sullivan, Baldwin (W. D.), Caeey, Russell, Rand, Wilson, Undeehill, Millee, Buegess, Beadley, Fabmee, Eshbaugh, Howaed, Graham, Wheelee (F. Meeeiam). MONG tlie last of tlie old New York settlers who began the develo])iiieiit of the present township, some thirty years ago, is J. CASTOR BRAUTIGAM. Mr. Brautigani has outlived most of his contemporaries, and old "Fatlier Time" has dealt kindly with him, he having passed the allotted time of "• three score and ten " years. He has witnessed the little village of a few hundred inhab- itants grow to a flourishing township of over ten thousand. The great-grandfather of Mr. Brau- tigani came from Germany, in 1755, and settled in Philadelphia. His ancestors were prominent in the Reformation, and one of them, a Catholic Bishop, after a careful study of a Lutheran catechism, renounced his faith, with all that it implied, and became an ardent " reformer." J. C. Brautigani was born in Noithunil)erland, Pa., April 29, 1821. When he was but six years of age, his father died, and he was placed in charge of his grandparents in Philadelphia. He attended the best private school, and mastered all the ordinary branches of education by the time he had reached the age of twelve. He then entered the em]iloy of Edward C. Diddle, one of the largest publishers in the country. A strong friendship was formed between employer and employed, which continued uninterrupted for a period of si.xty years, until 1S93, when his old emjiloyer died at an advanced age. Mr. Brautigani remained in his employ for eleven years, and in ls44 he went to Chicago, and there established what was then the second book concern in Northern Illinois. The population of Chicago was then smaller than Moiitclair is at the present time. In 1847 he sold out to his partner, and removed to New York City, where he became a member of the firm of White, Sheffield & Company, one of the largest paj^er houses in the country. He continued this connection until 1869, when he bought out his partners and organized the iirm of Brautigain & Watson. About 1876 he sold out to his partner and retired from business. Mr. Brautigam's first visit to this part of the country was by stage from Newark. He was favor- ably impressed with its healthfulness and beauty, and in 1864 he purchased twenty acres at the south end C. BRAUTIGAM. (bcL'jj^a^'L.cL ^uj~e^s^G. History of Montclair Township. 227 of tlie town. lie opened what is now Cedar Avenue, and gave it the name on aecoimt of tlie large number of eedart^ in that locality, lie also opened High Street, .south i>f Cedar Avenue, some l,oO(> feet through his property. He was a member of the first Township Committee after the erection of Mont- clair as a separate township, and was Chairman in 1S75-6. He was also a member of the first Board of Road Commissioners, continuing fur two years. Although a Republican ho is non-partisan in politics and received alternately the nomination of the republicans and democrats and was the first town officer elected on the democratic ticket. Mr. lirautigam, in 1872, bought a large plot on Mountain Avenue, where he erected an elegant residence which be .sold some six years ago to Dexter N. Force, of the firm of H. 15. Claflin & Company. He built a number of houses in the town at different periods. Mr. nrautigam is the oldest living mendicr of St. Luke's Episcopal Church. lie became a member when services were held in tlie little frame building on Pine Street, near the I). L. & W. R. R. depot. He was for many years one or its most active supporters; lie served as Warden and Treasurer for a number of years. Mr. Rraiitigam married, in 1845. Miss Mary J. Nicholls, a native of England. Eight children were born to them, four of whom are still living. His only daughter, Josephine, was married to Samuel J. Holmes. His son, Frederick A., is a resident of Montclair; .lames C., anotlier son, resides in (• range, and John I)., a third, resides in I'hiiadciphia. KDWAUD SWEET. The name of Sweet is variously spelled, Sweet, Swete, Swett and Swaile. According to I!url?,S. being the eighteenth name of tlie signei-s of the compact or covenant for civil government in that year. He became Governor of tlie Colony and hekl many positions of trust. He had a son Jirnh, who kept a garrison hotel at Narragansett during Philip's war. This Jirah had also, among other children, a son Jlralt. and the name appears to iiave been continued through successive generations. Governor Henry Bull, the ancestor, is said to have been a brother of Thomas, who was in command at Saybrook, when Governor Andros attempted to gain the place for his master, the Duke of York. When the clerk of Andros insisted upon reading the patent. Captain Bull commanded him in a loud voice to forbear, and then read the protest. Governor Andros, pleased with his bold and soldier-like appear- ance, said, " AVhat's your name?" He replied, "My name is Bull, sir." "Bull," said the Governor, " It's a pity that your horns are not tipped with silver." This family was conspicuous during the colonial period, and during the period of the Revolution, and wei'e prominently represented in civil and militai-y capacities in Rhode Island and Connecticut. The mother of Mrs. Sweet (nee Bull), whose maiden name was Lamnan, was a daughter of Abby (Trumbull) daughter of David, the son of Governor Jonathan Trumbull, the famous war governor of the Revolution, known as ^^ Brother Jonaihtn'' He was the son of Joseph, of Suffiehl, Conn., son of John, of Roxbury, Mass., who was the son of John Trumbull, the emigrant settler of Roxbury in 1036. Two 3'ears after his marriage with Miss Bull, Mr. Edward Sweet renu)ved to Montclair and purchased a large plot of ground, where the present homestead property is now located. The main street leading to his property — Gates Avenue — was subsecjuently laid out by j\rr. JSIasou, who named it after his wife. Mr. Sweet erected on this plot a large and commodious house, and the laying out of the grounds and other improvements which he made from time to time afforded him rest and recreation from the cares of business. Here he entertained his numerous friends, who always found a hearty welcome and were loth to leave his hospitable board. He was one of the founders of the Congregational Church of Christ, and gave liberally, not only to the erection of the original church edifice, b^it to the several improvements which have since been made. Few men who have lived in Montclair since its erection as a township have ever been held in higher esteem. His failing health during the latter years of his life prevented him from taking any active part in its affairs. He was known as a whole-souled, generous man, of a genial nature and kindly disposition, who delighted in doing good and contributing to the happiness of his fellow-men. He was of a retiring nature ami avoided all appearance of ostentation, but those who enjoyed the "inner circle"' of his acquaintance found in him a wai-m and steadfast friend. He was the soul of honor and uprightness. He was a gentleman — nut formal and precise, but dignified and genuine. His own fireside was the pleasantest spot on eaith, and its influence attended him in all the affairs of life. THE HOLMES FAMILY AND COLLATERAL BRANCHES. Samuel Holmes, or "Deacon Holmes," as he is well known, traces his descent through three well- known families of Connecticut, many of the descendants of whom have achieved distinction in the various walks of life in which their tastes or inclinations led them. The family of Holme or Holmes has l>een established in the County of York, Eng.. since the period of the jSTorman concpiest. The first mentioned of this name is John Holme, of Paull-Holme, whoso grandson Olenor Holme was comptroller to the Empress Maud, and recei\ed the honor of Knighthood from that Princess. Francis Holme, the American ancestor, emigrated from England as early as KiiS, and settled in Stamford, Conn. His son John, born in England, came with him and settled at Greenwich, Conn., and was one of twenty-four proprietors who afterwards settled at Bedford, Westchester County, N. Y. f #■■ L fipAtji r n iD M A s. F r T ic «, «fq., ° T J Captna-Gcneral, and Governor in Cbi«f, io and over His MBcfty's Engiifb Colony of ■Eitg/oMJ, ia AmerfLi fymne^kkX^ in Nea'E^lanJ, in Amen •• r yirtmi •/ itt Pi ////^g/( /mu< r//yu^ . ■ Greeting. Aliirily U it (nn, h ni b} iht Rfjtl Chakti fig Ctmpinf »/ l*» /»i >7i "At ikt Crut UtI ./ England. / dl | *7 /*«/•« 41^ ,?•■•;« 'V Qnfiitiut Im yur UyaUfy Ctiirci, ttd gtid CitdtB, itfiilplt. ^■///^f/ff / '/l/trTi' \t- It U ^■?f//./,n'r/ tl Ih' /^ \ j^ny, L' E, B.Qp,,,, der in Chief in and-Qvet tihe State of CoNJifBricof m America. (^. GREETING. Aflcmbty of this State accepted c v<^ and good Cdt^^t tabling, appoint :ire and Charge, '.ficc and Truft, A itns, accord- >i»fidcnce in your Pidelh'y, Courr. - Laws ofthis State, mc thereunto le faid (prf^/'^^Y into your illy and dih'gcntly to difcharge that 'cers and Soldiers in the Ufe of the ,, „,.^„,„- tline of War, ordained and eftablifhcy by the Laws ingood Order and Government, iid commanding ^^/^"■^'^ and you arc tcjoljferve all futli Time to Time you fliall receive, otther from mc, or icer, purfuant to the Truft hereby jrepofcd in you. and the Public Seal of this State, Jr c^^^^/. .>y. A. D. i78d :x.^ ^^. / History of Montclaik Township. 229 Stephen, son of Jolin, liad a son Benjumin, who served in Capt. Clark's company, lltli Regiment, (^un- Decticut Militia. Israel, son of Benjamin, married Sarah Judd, and moved to Waterlmi y. Conn. The issue of this marriage was Samuel Judd (father of Dea. Samuel Holmes), of wlioni liereiit'ter ; Ileuhen, of whom hereafter ; IsraeJ, of whom hereafter ; Ruth, of whom hereafter ; and Mihx. Samuel Judi>, the eldest son of Israel and Sarah (Juddj Holmes (father of JDea. Samuel Hoh)ies), was born in Waterhury, Conn., October 28, 1791. He moved to Sonthington, Conn., in 1825, where he remained until 1S34, when he returned to in's native town and became identitied with its mamifacturing interests. He was a prominent stockholder in the Waterbury Brass Company and for sixteen years was the faithful overseer of one branch of its business. He was very methodical, careful and painstaking in all his busine.ss as well as other affairs. In the affairs of the church with which he wa.s long connected he evinced many of the traits of his Puritan ancestors. A deep thinker, yet reserved in the expression of his views ; cautious in all his dealings, yet upright and straightforward — a man of the strictest integrity, measuring him.self by the orthodox standard, and cx|>ecting the same treatment from others in return. He married May 2, 1822, Lucina, daughter of Hezekiidi Todd, of Chcsiiire, Conn.; he died Nfay 1, ISr.T. He had issue, /syae^, of wliom hereafter; Sarah, born July fi, ls2'.i, married Rev. Jesse W. Hough (she died in Santa 13ari)ara, Cal., .\])ril ,">. 1877); Williaiii B. Aw\ //<0(/i«//. who died young; ami WilHnni //. again, of whom hereafter. /,V »//><>/(, second son of Israel and Sarah (Judd) Holmes, was born Feiiruaiy 11, 17".'^. gni(hiati'il with Honor at the West Point Military Academy, was valedictorian of his cla.ss, and afterwards di.stin- Kuishcd himself as an Indian tiirhtcr in the West. During the Black Hawk War, and wiiilc! still holding his commission as Ca|)tain in the V . S. service he was elected Colonel of a regiment of Illinois volunteei-s, and became their leader in that war. lie dieil of cholera in 1838 at Jeffer.son Barracks, near St. Louis, Mo. A part of the inscription on the monument which mark.s his last resting place is as follows: * * * * "and there awaits the la.«t review"; * * * * " erected by his compani0. She married I're.«erve W. Carter, and was the mother of President Franklin Carter, of Williams College, ^fil<■x, fourth son and youngest child of Israel and Sarah (Judd) Holmes, was born March 20, 18(i2, at Waterhury, Cnii. He resided in the South ami in the Stale of Wisconsin most of his life. He died in Waterhury. Conn., August 23, 1808. Sarah Judd, the wife of Israel Holmes (1), was a direct descendant of Thomas Judd, who came from England in le a " Company of Foote." The commission states : " I do hereby authorize and empower you by beat of dinin or otherwise to assist your Cajitain in raising by iidistuient a com])any of able bodied, effective volunteers within the colony of about ninety-five men, including officers for the ensuing camjjaign, etc." He served in different capacities during the War of the Revolution, and on the 24th of January, 1783, was commissioned Captain by Governor Trumbull (see/W^- sint'de of commi.ssion on opposite page). After the close of the war he opened a tavern at Waterhury, which he kept for fifty years; it became a 230 History of Montclair Township. noted resurt for passengers on the stage route l)etween New Haven and All)any. He was a noted character in his day. He married Bede, daughter of Isaac Hopkins, and on her way liomc after the marriage ceremony she rode behind him on a "pillion " (a cushion attached to the rear of the saddle). This Bede IIojil'uis was a descendant of Jolm Hopkins, who came from England with liis wife Jane to Cambridge, Mass., in \C>?A; moved to Hartford in 103."). His son Stephen, born llJo-l:, married Doi'cas Bronson ; they had a son John, who was one of the youngest of the original proprietors of Waterljury. He became " Leftenant " in 171(5, and several times represented his town at the General Court. He held many offices of trust and honor. When the new meeting house came to be seated in 1729, he was one of the revered dignitaries who were voted into the first pew at the west end of the pulpit. He had a son, Ehenzer, who was the father of Isaac Hopkins referred to above. Some of the most distinguished divines and educators in the country descended from tliis branch of the Hopkins family, among whom was Mark Hopkins, for many years President of Williams College. Israel, elde.st child of Sanniel J. and Liicina (Todd) Holmes, was born at "Waterbury, Coim., August 10, 1823. He is connected with several of the manufacturing companies of Waterbury ; also witli a banking institution. He resided in Liverpool, Eng., from 1859 to 1871. Dkacon Samuel Holmes, second son of Samuel J. and Lucina (Todd) Holmes, was born at Water- bury, Conn.. November 30, 182J:. He attended public school until he was eleven years of age, when he began working in a button factory with his father, and from that time until he reached the age of tifteen he woi'ked in the factory during the summer and attended school in the winter at the W^aterbury Academy and at a bnarding school. At the age of sixteen he entered the general store of J. M. L. & W. H. Scovill. as clerk until 181:5, he having then attained his majority. The company that year opened a salesroom for their goods in New York City, and he became their assistant manager. In 1850 a joint stock comjiany was formed under the name of The Scovill ^Manufacturing Company, in which he was a stockholder and director, and soon after assumed the management of the New York business. The business increased in volume from year to year aided by his skillful direction, and the stock increased in value yielding large dividends. He was prosperous and hapjiy and fortune smiled upon him during those years, in which he was also stockholder in various other companies, which yielded satisfactory returns. In 1S73 he severed his connection with The Scovill Manufacturing Company and entered into a new copartnership in the manufacturing line and dealing in metals, which promised well, but owing to circumstances beyond his control, proved a most disastrous venture, and came near causing his financial ruin. His creditors as well as his numerous friends, who had unbounded confidence in his integrity stood by him nobly in his trouble, and he was thus enabled to tide over his difRenlties, but he was com]ielled for many years to carry a heavy linancial burden. In 1876 he was appointed to the treasurer- ship of the Bridgeport I'rass Com])any and also to the management of the New York business. It was not in a very flourishing condition at the time, and a change for the better was soon apparent. The business .showed a large auinud increase, and largely thmugh the judicious and economical management of Deacon Holmes the stoekholilers received constantly increasing dividends. At the beginning of his adminis- tration Deacon Holmes purchased quite a block of stock on credit, the dividends on which, together with the subse(jnent sale of his stock, enabled him to licjuidate a considerable portion of his old indebtedness. His connection with the company ceased in 1890, the majority of stock having been previously purchased by a syndicate, which assumed the direction of the company. In 1867, before his misfortunes. Deacon Holmes ])urchased several tracts of land, in all about 100 acres, in Montclair, lying near Watchung Avenue, and on the mountain slope. Through the assi-stance of his numerotis friends he was enabled to carry this throughout the period of his business misfortunes, which resulted to the benefit of his creditors, and on his retirement from business in 1890 he began to develop and place it on the market, it having in the interim appreciated in value. He laid out streets and avenues, and divided the property into building plots, several of which have been sold at a large advance over the original cost. He continued Highland Avenue through his mountain tract; Edgewood Avenue and Holmes Place, both laid out and named by him, intersecting the former and connecting with History of Montci.air Townsiiii'. 231 Mountain Avenue. Tlie lioniestead property, corner of Wateliung Avenue and Grove Street, comprises about I 7 acres, ad joininnj and near to wliicii he has some 42 acres, whicii is being laid out and developed for market. Tlie improvement of his property, from which he has derived a corresponding beneiit, has also largely enhanced the value of the surrounding property, and 0]>ened up a new and exceedinglv attractive part of the townshij) of Montclair. For nearly half a century Deacon Holmes has been actively engaged in ruligidus, licMU'voiiiit and educational atfairs, to which he hixs nut only devoted the best years of his life. i)ut has given liberallv of his means, when not end)arra.-;sed by bu.ull, who was for a long time an elder of Dr. Adams' church, of Milford, Conn. Her grandmother was a direct descendant of Governor Trumbull, of Connecticut, known as " Brother Jonathan." Mr. Holmes has four children, viz. : William T., Edward H., Caroline S., and Henry L. THE POETEIl FAMILY. The Porters were among the early comers of what was known as the " Waterbury Colony," I'epre- senting the same element — although with far advanced ideas — of the Connecticut colonists who, two hundred yeais previous, planted the standard of civil and I'eligious liberty in Eastern New Jersey, and l)ecame the parent stock of what is now coniprised in Essex County, New Jersey, and it is a noteworthy fact that the homestead lot of the Porters is a ]wrt of the original grant to Deacon Azariah Crane, who married the daughter of Governor Robert Treat, of Connecticut, both of whom were leaders in the establishment of Newark, or New Worke, as the new enterprise was then called. The name of Porter is among the early surnames mentioned in English history, and no less than tliirty-six of this name are mentioned by Burke as having been granted arms by their ruling sovereigns. Among the earliest mentioned is that of Endymion Porter, Groom of the Bedchamber to Charles I., a celebrated courtier of the ]ieriod, who descended from Robert Porter, brother of Sir William Porter, Knight, living temp Henry V. The motto borne on the shield of the famous knights rejjreseuting this family — Vicjilant'ia et Virdife — has been a characteristic of the descendants through subsequent generations. Danikl PoiiTEK, the founder of the Connecticut l)ranch of this famih', was early in the colony, previous to 1644. He was licensed to " practice physic and chirurgery" in 1654 by the General Court. In 1661-2 it was ordered that his yearly salary sh(juld l)e paid out of the jntlJic treasury, while his fee- table was established by law. He was reqitired to attend upon the sick in Hartford, AVindsor, AVethers- field and Middletown. He was more particidarly a l)onesetter, as is shown by the following record : '• For the encouragement of Daniel Porter in attending the service of the country in setting bones, etc., the court do hereby augment his sallery from six pounds a year to twelve pounds p'' annum, and to advise him to instruct some meet person to his art." Daniel (1) had a son Daniel (2) born February 2, 1652, who followed his father's calling as a " bonesetter." The latter had a son Daniel (3) born March 5, 1699, v.dio married Hannah, daughter of John Hopkins, a descendant — probably — of William Hopkins, of Roxbury, Mass., who married Hannah Goffe, a daughter of Gotfe the regicide. The latter was a descendant of Stephen Hopkins, who came over in the Mayfiower in 1621. Daniel (3) had a son Timothy (1) born Jtme 19, 1735, who was also a 3- -M^^y^ History of Montclair TowNsiiir. i3;« plivsiciaii. lie had a sou Daniel (4) l)i>rii Septfml)er 23. 1708. wlio was the fatlicr of Timothy (2) bom Januai-y .3ti, 17!)2. Tiiis Tiiiiotiiy married Polly Ami Todd, daughter of a Mr. Todd, a descendant of Christoplier, one of tlie earliest settlers of tlie Xew Haveu Colony, and owner of the land now is. and received Ids education at the schools in that place ami at tiie academy at Easton. Conn. Close attention to his studies, aided by his (juick intellect and retentive memory, enabled him rapidly to master whatever lie undertook. It was the practical subjects that especially attracted him, and about his home he took the lead in every enterprise. His later career was the logical develo|)ment of these tendencies. The small manufacturing town RESIDENCE OF N. T. 1 of those days afforded too small a field for his ambition, and in 1854 he went to New York, entering the employ of A. W. Welton, a dry -goods conunission merchant in Liberty Street. After he and his brother Thomas had been in the employ of this house about a year, they were admitted to the firm, which then became A. W. Welton iV- Porters, a high compliment to thote who had been so .sliort a time in the business. A further evidence of Mr. "Welton's confidence was that he allowed his name and personal responsibility to remain after he had ceased to participate in the profits of the business. The firm name was later ciianged to Porter Pro.-., and finally to Porter Bros, and Comjiany. From the beginning until he retired from active business Nathan was the leading mend)er of the Hrm and brouglit the Iiouse successfully through such trying periods as the panic of '73. It was also mainly due to his fine business ability that the small business whose management he undertook in lS.i.5 grew to its later magnitude. He combined in an unusual degree the ability to direct the more important matters and at the same time 23i History of Montclair Township. keep tliorouglilv accjuaintecl with all the details of the business. Proinineiit among his business charac- teristics were, energy, care and ]ironiptness. It has been well said of him that he could transact mure business in an hour than most men could in a day. In ISSl, poor health compelled him to retire from liis more active duties in the business. During his long and honorable business career he was identified with many enterprises to which he gave close personal attention. His connection with the National Shoe and Leatlier Bank, of New York City, first as Director and afterward as Vice-President, brought him into prominence as a financier. lie was very influential in its affairs and was held in the highest esteem In* his associates on account of his courtesy and stritng personality, as well as his ability and good judgment. For many years he was President of the Cheshire Manufacturing Company and Cheshire Brass Company, of West Cheshire, Conn.; Director in the Patent Button Company, of Waterbury, Conn, (all of which were successful under his managenieni), and served in several other companies in an official capacity. On October 16, 1863, Mr. Porter married, at New London, Conn., Miss Mary C. Comstock, a sister of Mrs. Thomas Porter. Mr. Porter resided in New York and 15ruoklyn during the earlier years of his business life. In June, 186S, he removed to Montclair, having purchased, in conjunction with his brotlier, a large tract of land situated on Union Street, Gates Avenue, Harrison Avenue and Clinton Avenue, which had formerly been a part of tlie old Crane farm. Mr. Porter and his family lived in the Union Street house until the erection of the house on the corner of Gates and Clinton Avenues in ISIU. In the ijuietof this suburlian village he found a much needed rest and recreation, where he could for the time Iteing lay aside the cares of business and enjoy the advantages of country life. lie tooiv pleasure in superintending the work on his place, and prided himself on his garden, to which he devoted many of his leisui-e hours while at home, a diversion which helped materially to relieve the strain resulting from a too close application to business, lie showed the keenest interest in public affairs of the township. He was for three years a Commissioner of lioads, and for two years a member of the Township Committee. "While holding these offices he devoted much time to thein, and conscientiously performed their duties. The demands on his time, however, were too great, and after his last year on the Township (,'ommittee he declined to be a candidate for re-election. His father was a Baptist, and in his youth Nathan became a member of that church, but he was too liberal in his religious views to be bound by any merely denominational distinctions, and became one of t!ie original members of the First Congregational Church, in which he always took the greatest interest. As Trustee and Treasurer of this Church he rendered valuable assistance. By his personal efforts and liberal contributions he aided materially in paying off the Church debt, as well as in the enlargement of the building and other impi'ovements. He gave liberally to other l)eneyolent objects, but always without ostentation. He continued to take an active interest irj all these matters till his failing health necessitated an entire change. Since his retirement from active business he has spent his time jiartly in Montclair and partly at his old home in Waterbury, among tlie scenes of his youth. Mr. Porter has never been fond of society in its formal sense, though lie was always knr)2. inland Porter received his education at the public schools in Montclair, and is now in tiie employ of Porter Bros, ik Co. Thomas Poktkk, third S(jn (jf Deacon Timothy and Polly Ann (^Todd) Porter, was born in Water- bury, Conn., Feb. 7, 1831. lie wa.s educated in the common schools and academy of Waterbury, and the Staples Academy in Easton. A\'iiile attending school in tiie winter he worked on his father's farm and brickyard in the summer. In the autumn of 1S.">4, he went to Xcw York City in the employ of .\rad W. Welton. who in a KKSmENCE OK THOMAS I'ORTRR, f.MOX STRF.l T. little store in Liberty Street was selling the goods of the Cheshire Manufacturing Company. He had scarcely mastered tlie details of the business when, through the defection of other and older employees, a large share of the resjjonsibUity devolved upon him, anil he called to his assistance X. T. Porter, who was still living in Waterbuiy. Under the management of the two young men, the business received a large and rapiil ilevelo|)ment, being conducted under the name of A. W. Welton iSz Porters. After a few years Mr. Welton retired and another Ijrother, Sammel M. Porter, entered the partnership. The firm of Porter Brothers was then assumed, which later, on the admission of some employees as partners, was extended to Porter Brothers and Comi)any. The affairs of the firm were so .successfully and etticiently managed, that it soon acipiired a high i-eputation, and has cimtinued in uninterrupted prosperity to the present time. The firm removed to Chambers Street, thence to -143 and 44.5 Broadway and linallv to 7S and 7'.) Worth Street. 2oG History of Montclair TowNsmr. Tlionias Porter was for many years a direetor in the I^ational Shoe and Leather Bank. He was known and reeosjnized as one of the leading niercliants of New York, and dnring tlie period of the War was a staniK'h supporter of tlie Government. Wliile many New York mercliants doubted and shaped their course accordingly, his faith in the ability of the Government to maintain itself in its entirety never for a moment wavered. lie belonged to that class of New York merchants who were lionest from principle and not from policy, and who believed in applying the golden I'ulc to every day transactions of life. Owing to the death of one of the three brothers and the failure in health of anotlier, the cares of the extensive business of Porter Brothers & Company, rested mainly upon Mr. Thomas Porter as the leading and most experienced member of the firm, and lie was practically the responsible head for the last ten vears of his life. At the time of his death he was President of the Cheshire Manufacturing: Company, the Cheshire Brass Company, of Barnard, Son & Company, the Patent Button Company and the Vulcanite Manufacturing Company. As a bnsiness man Mr. Porter was prudent, courageons and energetic, and possessed a high sense of mercantile honor. Unswerving integrity, and a determination to fnltill at any cost every honorable obligation, were the ruling principles of his business career. Mr. Porter resided for a number of years in Brooklyn, where he was prominent in social circles and an active meml)er of the Washington Avenue Baptist Church. The climate of Brooklyn seemed ill adapted to the health of his family and he was ]iersuaded by Mr. Samuel Holmes to try the climate of Montclair. In 186S he purchased, in connection with his brother Nathan, thirty acres, situated on what is now Union Street and Harrison Avenue, which was originally j)art of the Jei'emiali Crane farm. He moved his family out and occupied for two or three summers the small house M'liich rests on the found- ation of the original homestead of Jeremiah Crane. The health of his family improved to sucli an extent that he finally decided to settle permanently in Montclair. He fixed up the homestead jiroperty which he continued to occupy until 1880, when he built the beautiful home on the crest of the hill which he occupied up to the time of his death. The following from the Montclair Times of Nov. 16, 1890, refers to his usefulness as a citizen of Montclair, also to his sudden death : " Not since the sudden death of Henry A. Dyke has the community been so shocked as at the announcement yester- day of the death of Thomas Porter. He had been at business the day before, and during the evening conversed with his family and with friends who had called concerning business and social matters. He never seemed in better health than when he retired Thursday night. On Friday morning about five o'clock he was taken suddenly ill and in a few minutes passed away. " Mr. Porter has been a prominent figure in social and business circles both in Montclair and New York. For a long time he has been head of the great firm of Porter Bros. & Co. In our local affairs he has occupied many positions of eminence and usefulness. For a number of terms he was President of the Board of Trustees of our public schools and always used his influence for the maintenance of the high standards which have distinguished the schools. His addresses at the commencements many remember as impressive and appropriate. When the Village Improvement Society was organized, and while it lasted, he was its President. He alwaj-s took a lively interest in public affairs. Socially he was a most delightful and genial man. His beautiful home has been opened on many occasions, and all who knew him well were glad to be numbered among his friends. He was a member of the Baptist Church in Orange, and was greatly interested in whatever concerned the progress of religion in the communit)^ and the world. Montclair owes much to him, and while in the last few years he has not been personally as conspicuous in the life of the communit)- as before, it has been only because other duties compelled him to give his attention elsewhere. " An honored citizen, an earnest Christian, a business man whose reputation was unstained, he was one who apparently could ill be spared by the community, his family or his church. The sympathies of a host of friends are with those who have been so suddenly called to part with one who was as dear to them as life itself." Mr. Porter was a member of the Washington Memorial Association, being one of a comjmny of gentlemen who pui-chased the site of Washington's Headquarters at Morristown, and erected the menn)rial at that place. He was President of the Village Improvement Society of Montclair, and was for twelve years Chairman of its Board of Education. In this latter capacity, by his successful efforts in stimulating a ])ublic interest in education, by his able addresses on anniversary occasions, and by his prudent manage- X %^ <^-^^^/^C^. History of Montclair Township. 237 ment of tlie affairs of the office, lie did mncli to establish a school which has fitted scores of young men for col lege. When ahout fourteen years of age he united with the Waterbnry Baptist Church and was an active member and Sunday School Superintendent until his removal to New York. In New York he was a prominent member of the Madison Avenue Baptist ("hurcli. and on his removal to Montclair united first with tiie Bloomfield Baptist Clmrcli and continued his membership tliere until Dr. Edward Judson, son of Adoniram .Judson, the famous missionary, accepted a call to the Orange Bai)tist (.'hurch, when he took his letter to that church, fie became a warm friend of Dr. Judson and a great admirer of his preaching. The intimacy that existed between them enabled Dr. Judson to form a just opinion of the personal characteristics of Mr. Porter, which he gave expression to after the latter's death as follows: " I have just returned from the funeral of Mr. Thomas Porter, of Montclair, a warm personal friend of mine, and an honored memljer of the Orange Church. * * * * He was sixty years old, having just entereil tlie autumn of life^that period when, having outlived the fever and friction of youth, we come into snuKith adaptation of our environments, and we inherit the wealth of varied and numerous relationships. Mr. Porter was a man of peculiar social grace. Ilis commanding and almost regal carriage, his features strong and nigged, yet mobile and transparent, revealing every movement of the noble sj)irit Iiehind them, his unvarying courtesy, liis fjuict unselfishness, his considerate treatment, especially to those who occupied humbler social positions, marked him as a gentleman of the old school. Ilis benignant presence will be j)eculiariy missed in the sficial circles whicli he frequented. But besides this he was a man of strong jirinci|)le. His moral intuitions were acute. His whole nature revolted against whatever was crooked or unclean. lie was fearless in avowing his convictions. And yet he was neither morose nor ascetic. He was always kindly in liis construction of the conduct and motives of others. The opinions he held as a Christian and as a Baptist were definite and pronounced. TVitliout pnMligality he was large- hearteil and benevolent. I found in him a firm helper in my Orange field, a?id his friendliness has followed me through all my exjjerience in lower New York." The characteristics of Mr. Porter were clearly hereditary. It will be observed that his ancestors in a flirect line for four successive generations were physicians, and in early life he was strongly inclined to fiillow that profession, but was dissuaded from doing so by liis parents. He seemed to possess remarkable gifts in this direction, and would no doubt have made his mark had he been ]>ermitted to follow his own inclinations. He frequently assisted the atfiicted when i)liy>icians or surgeons wen- not available. Mr. Porter married, in 180.3. Miss Annie Comstraham Ilasbrouck or Has Brouck, who removed from Calais into the Palatinate in Germany about the middle of the seventeenth century, belonging to the body of French Protestants whom religious persecution forced from their native land. From Germany the family went to England in 167.5, and emigrated the same year to New Netherlands (New York), and was of the patentees of New Paltz (Ulster County, N. Y.) in 1676. Two of his sons, Jan and Abraham, with ten others, all Huguenots, obtained a patent of 40,000 acres on the west shore of the Hudson River, September 29, 1677, and settled there. Many of his descendants were conspicuous in the early history of New York State, and especially in the War of the Revolution. Joseph, of New Paltz (pi-obably the great-great-grandfather of the present Joseph), was the grandson of Abraham (2). He was a prominent man and filled several public offices. He married Elsie Schoonmaker, daughter of Captain Joakim Schoonmaker, a native of Hamburg, Germany, wliro was one of the first settlers of America, having come over in the employ of the Dutch West India Company while the country was under Dutch government and control. Joseph Van Vleck, son of Peter and Ann (Hasbrouck) Van Vleck, was born in Marbletown, Ulster County, N. Y., November 19, 1S30. He attended the Kingston Academy until he was fourteen years of age, and began his business career as clerk in a country store. He came to New 1 ork City in 1849, and was engaged in a wholesale boot and shoe house. In 1860 he entered the house of Phelps, Dodge & Co. — the largest house in their line of business in the United States — and in 1879 was admitted as a partner. He resided for a number of years in Brooklyn. He spent the summers of 1868-69-70 in Montclair, and was so favorably impressed with it as a summer resort that he determined to make it his permanent residence. In July, 186S, he purchased the property fronting on Upper Mount, ain Avenue, containing about four acres, and subsequently bought about eight acres additional. He was mainly instrumental in opening the street from Mountain Avenue to Valley Road, which his neigh, bors named Van Vleck Street. At the time of his purchase there were oidy three other houses on the avenue. He made many improvements and built five additional houses, thus adding materially to the taxable property in the township. His interest in the public affairs of Montclair led to his election in 1874 as Commissioner of Public Roads. Little comparatively had been done at that time in the way of improvements, and the streets and avenues were not much in advance of ordinary country roads. He saw the necessity of a radical change, and two years later, when he was elected a member of the Township Committee, he earnestly advocated the McAdam system of roads. He wrote a paper on this subject, which was published in the county papers, and afterward in pamphlet form. Tiie taxpayers were slow at first in adopting any changes that would matei'ially increase their taxes, but later they were convinced that every dollar expended in street improvements added to the value of their proj)crty, and Mr. Van Vleck's suggestions were finally adopted. As a member of the Township Committee he favored liberal appropriations for public improvements, and the impetus given to the movement at that time — from 1876 to 1879 — during his administration led to greater efforts in this direction by subsequent administrations, which were ratified by the taxpayers. He improved the .system of pul>Iic accounts and brought order out of confusion. In all his efforts ]\[r. Van Vleck has been infiuenced by the one desire to make Montclair a model suburban town, and to this end he has contributed liberally of his own means, and has cheerfully borne his share of the increased ex]ienditures. He was for a time connected with the M. E. Church, but in 1874 united with tlie First Congrega- tional Church, in which he has since been one of its most active and earnest members. He was the Treasurer of the Society for about ten years, and for a number of years has served, and still serves, as History of Montclair Township. 239 Deacon of tlie (Jliiircli and Trustee of the S^>ciet_v. He lias been identified witii and is a lilieral contributor to the various benevolent organizations originatiui^ with this church and society. Mr. Van Vleck married, in 1S52, Miss Amanda Xiles, daughter of William Xiles, a descendant of John, born 1*503, who came to America in the •■• Speedwell" in 1G34, settled in Braintree, Mass., in 1639, and was one of the grantees of Dorchester lands, from which place he removed to Braintree. The name was originally spelled Niel, but at the close of the seventeenth century the present orthography was adopted. The issue of the marriage of Mr. Van Vleck with Miss Xiles was ten children, six of whom are deceased ; three are married. (IIAKLKS llE^■liV .JOHNSON. One of the foundei-s of the First Congregational Church of Christ, and for seventeen years the Superintendent of the Sunday-scliool connected with this cliurch, was born in Ithaca, Tompkins County, X. v.. May lit, 1S3:5. He is a descendant of Sir William Johnsin. wlui settled in the Mo- hawk \ alley, in 173"), and was cunspicnons for his great influence with the warriors of the Six Xations, he having been ajjpointed Colonel of all the tribes by Governor .^^^~ - Clinton. For his services while in command of the ^^^ ^< ^ I'Npedition, w liicli re- sulted in the defeat of M^ - « the French under Dies- kau, at the head of Lake ^^ (ieorge, he received the title of Baronet, and a ISlil '^^ "*" gift of £5,0(Mi fmiu Par- liament. Hedied.luly ^T/ "•'' -'+,1774. Colonel Arthur S. ^^ ^^l^ .lolmson, the father of Charles H.. the subject Kr of this sketch, served with distinction in the '40(HShf^^ War of IS 12, and after- ward Itecame one of the ' ' i, nmst prominent lawyers in Central Xew '^'ork. .• lie was Disti-jct .\ttnr- neyof Tnm|)kinsConnfy wKj^^^^^K' ^^ ''' ''"^ ''^^'^ ^* 21, and was Surrogate and .Judge for ^^^^K^^S^^ many j'ears. He was highly e.steemed for his ^^^^bL^P^^^ greatlegalability as well as f(jr his many personal ^^^^^ qualities. He niaiiicd Charlotte Uoxana Shat- "^ tuck. Charles Henry Jolin- son.fifth child of Nathan and Charlotte lioxana (Shattuck) Johnson, was educated at the higli school of Toin])kins County, X. V. Having - decided to adopt a mer- cantile career he re- moved to Xew York Citv, in 1854, where he found emplovment in a CIIAKLKS II. JOII.NSON. . large wholesale grocery house. He remained with this house about three years, and during that period the knowledge he accpiired from study and observation laid the foundation of his subsequent successful business career. In 1857 he organized the firm of Binnev cV .Johnson, cnmmi.-sion merchants. The firm f(jr many years was one of the most prominent in this line, and its business operations have extended to nearly every quarter of the glol)e. For many years it had extensive connections with South America, Germany, England, China and the West Indies, ilr. Binney. of the firm, died in 187*'.. and the business was carried on by ilr. Johnson until his retirement in 1^1*3. lie is a nuiu of nntiinching integrity and ujiriglitness of character, and is a fitting example of the Christian Tuerchant, whose religious principles arc exemplified in his every-day life — a '• living e[)istle, known and read of all men."" To the peojde of ilontclair he is 240 History of Montclair Township. known as the Christian iientleman, whose whole aim in life lias been to make the world better. His work as a Siuiday-school Superintendent was begun at the Tabernacle Church in Jersey City, in 1863, at which place he removed soon after his marriage with a lady of that place. He succeeded A. S. Hatch^ the banker, as Superintendent of the school connected with that church. lie was then a young !nan of 30, full of vigor and enthusiasm, and earnest in his devotion to the Master's cause. Under bis admin- istration the school grew in numbers and influence and became the second largest in the State of New Jersey, nnnd)ering 62.5, including teachers and scholars, at the close of his six years' labors. lie was equally active in the affairs of the church in which he served l)oth as deacon and trastee, and was also President of the Young Men's Christian Association. He removed to Montclair in 1869, where, finding no Church of liis faith and denomination, he identified himself with the Presbyterian Church, but on learning that there were a number of residents in Montclair who held to the doctrines which he had been tanght from his childhood up, he united with them in founding the new church, and soon began the work of organizing a Sabbath-school. The history of this school is a history of his work, which began under the brightest auspices in June, 1870, with 72 scholars and 18 teachers, and through the storms of winter and the heat of summer he, for seventeen consecutive years, was invariably at his post unless prevented by sickness. Both teachers and scholars, whatever their position in life, always received a kindly welcome, and he took a personal interest in each one, watching over them with tender and parental care as the shepherd watches over his sheep, never for a moment losing sight of even one stray lamb. He was their advisor, counselor and lienefactor. How many, through his inlluence and efforts, have been gathered into the fold of Christ, and their names enrolled in the Lamb's Book of Life, only the councils of eternity will reveal. The little ones of tender years grew up under his fostering care, and became co-workers with him. It re<|uired great wisdom and tact to harmonize all the varied elements, to prevent discord, and ]n-eserve peace at all times. These characteristics he possessed in a marked degree, which were not only hereditary, but combined with Christian graces and a kindly genial nature, enabled him to contiol and direct the affairs of the school, which grew and jirospered under his management. He inspired the teachers with his own enthusiasm and love of the work. In the church he has been equally conspicuous as a worker, counselor, friend and brother to rich and poor alike. As a deacon he has fulfilled all the required conditions — " grave, holding the mystery of the faith in a pure conscience, being found blameless," and " purchased to himself a good degree, and great boldness in the faith which is in Christ Jesus." As a trustee he has managed the business affairs with fidelity and economy, as one who naust give an account of his stewardship. His love, fidelity and devotion to his pastor has been exhibited to a marked degree, and through every difliculty and trial he has "stayed his hands " and encouraged him in his work. He has given liberally and even l)ountifnlly in aid of every benevolent and religious undertaking connected with his own church as well as assisting others " not of the household of faith" in their work and labor of love. Mr. Johnson has lieen for a number of years a member of the Chamber of Commerce, Consolidated Exchange, Mercantile Exchange, and of the New York Boiird tif Trade and Transportation. He was one of the founders and is still a director of the Bank of Montclair. He has been for twenty-three years a trustee of the church, a member of the American Home Missioiuiry Society, American Congregational Union, and of the Congregational Club. New York. Mr. Johnson married, in 1858, Miss Henrietta Holdane, daughter of G. AY. Iloldane, Esq., ot Jersey City. Charles Haldane Johnson, son of Charles H. and Henrietta (Iloldane) Johnson, was born in Jersey City, N. J., May 12, 1859. He was prepared for college at public school and at Hasbrouck Institute; entered Columbia College in 1876-7. and was graduated at Cornell University in 1880, and at Columbia Law School in 1882; admitted to the Bar of New York the same year. Believing that the West offered a more promising field for ultimate success than any place nearer home, he went to Colorado, where he became associated with District-Attorney McLivesay, whose jurisdiction covered six counties. Mr. Johnson engaged in the trial of many important cases and achieved marked success as a History of Montclair Township. 241 prosecuting attorney. After a year's experience lie returned East and licgan j^ractice in New York City. His experience in the West i)roved of valuable assistance to hi in, altluiugli he sul)sei[wently entered ujion an entirely different line of practice. His success in the metropolis has been principally in the nianage- ineiit of cases outside of court. lie is well read in the law, thorou<;h and careful in his legal investigations, and discusses legal cpiestions with clearne.-s uf illustration and strength of argument. He has had ciiarge of large interests, necessitating occasional trips to tlie West and to Europe, which have been attended with satisfactory results to his clients. He has been a resident of Montclair for many years, and since his return has taken a great interest in tlie political affairs of his County anil State. He is an aljle and forcible speaker, and in every campaign since lie resumed liis residence in New Jersey his services have been in demand. He canvassed his State in 1SS4 under the direction of the State Republican Committee. Upon the retirement of Dr. Love, who for many years has been Pi'esident of the Ivepublican Club of Montclair, Mr. Johnson was elected to succeed him, and the Club has continued to prosper under his administration. He is a good organizer and an indefatigable worker. He managed witli much aliilit}' the campaign of lS'.t2, and with marked success that of 1^93. He is a member of the Montclair Club and other organizations, and was for«a time Assistant Superintendent of the First Congregational Sunday School. He has been for several years one of the trustees of the Montclair Public School, a director of the Montclair Savings Bank, and one of the Executive Committee of the Citizens' Committee of One Hundred, orgatiized for the enforcement of law and order. !Mr. Johnson iidierits many of the jiersonal traits of botJi parents. He is a man of great force and moral earnestness; genial, exceedingly affable, yet firm in his convictions of right ; conscientious, upright, and a man of strict probity and honor, personally j)opuIar with all his friends and associates. ]Ie married Adela, daughter of Julius II. I'ratt, Es((. His children are Holdane Kennet, Alien, and Elizabeth. ( ll.\Kl.i:s 11. NOYKS. Cn.vKLKs 11. NovEs was one of the early settlers of Montclair when it became a place (jf suburban residence. He descended from an old Puritan family which emigrated from Kngland to Newlmry, Mass., in the 17th century, and is still largely represented in Newlinry]iort and vicinity. Mr. Noyes came to New York City early in life, and was tor numy years at the head of the well-known dry-goods and coiTimission house of Noyes. Smith iSc Co., and was widely known in business circles of New York, New England and the AVest. In 1803 he purchased property in Montclair and was identified with the early deveIo[)mciit of the township. He removed to Brooklyn in ISOtl, and six years later returned to Montclair, where he again purchased pro])erty and decided to make it his permanent home. He died here in I8S1. He married Mi.ss Jane 11. Dana, daughter of Alexander li. Dana, well known as a lawyer and writer on philosophical subjects, who spent most of his life in Brooklyn and died in Montclair in 1887. The family of C. 11. Noyes comprised Charles S., a practicing lawyer in New York City ; Alexander D., William B., a practicing ])hysician in New York; Jennie D. and Henry R. CuARLEs S. NoVEs, first son of Charles H. Noyes, was born in Brooklyn, N. Y., graduated from the high school of Montclair, from Andierst College in 1S80, and from the Columbia Law School in 1SS2. In 1892 he was married to Ella E. Shafer, daughter of I. Calvin Shafer, of Montclair. They had one child, Alexander G., now deceased. Ale.xander I). NoY?:s, second son of Charles H. Noyes, was born in Montclair in 18()2, prepared for college at the high school of Montclair, was graduated at Andierst College in 188.3, taking third rank in his class. He chose journalism as a profession and became identified with the ^ew Ywk Tribune in 1883; subsecpiently financial editor and eout 1C52. and settled at Fairtield about 1054. lie brou^lit witli liiiii his family coat-of-arui!- engraved upon a silver tankard, which descended to ifajor Samuel Comstock, before the latter's death. He gave the pitcher for preservation to the church in AViltou to be used as a part of the articles for commuinon service, supposing it would be retained by the church just as he left it. The tankard was sent to Xe\v. York, however, and wrought into a more comely fasliion of the day and the design of the grantor thereby defeated. It is a noteworthy fact that the first Comstock who settled in England — a German baron — fled from (iermany in the sixteenth century because of his participation in the Von Beneilict treason. TIIL l.L.'.Ll>i».l lluilliJ.ii.Ai- Lewis St. John Bk.nkdict, son of Ezra, was born in Xew Canaan, Conn., Oct. 24, 1811, and was in direct line of descent from Thomas Benedict — the father of all. He graduated from Yale College in 1834, and married Harriet, daugiiter of Czar Jones, .son of Ebenezer, Efjenezer, Ehenezer, Jacoh, Isaac and Wil- liam, who was the first Deputy Governor of Connecticut and a son-in-law of Governor Eaton, who was the first Governor of Connecticut, and wlio held the position for twenty consecutive years. E. Czar Jones, referred to al)Ove was a mendjer of the Connecticut Legislature in 1837-38. Lewis St. John Benedict, after liis graduation, began the study of medicine, which he relinquished for flattering business op]iurtunities. lie became a member of the well-known firm of Benedict, Hall & Company, prominent during the "War of the Rebellion as large manufacturers of boots and shoes, being 244 History of Montclair Township. awai'ded enormous contracts l\y the United States Government for the supply of tlie Federal forces, in army and navy. In 1S50 Mr. Benedict moved to Bi-ooklyn, residing on Colnuiliia lleiglits for thirteen years. He was one of the i)ioneer members of Plymouth Church during the early pastorate of Rev. Henry "Ward Beecher, and for a number of years acted as one of the Ti'ustees of that historic church. In 1863 he retired from business and moved to Montclair where he purchased twelve acres of land on a part of whicli is now located the Benedict residence, coi'ner Mountain and Bloomtield Avenues. He was one of the original members of the First Congregational Church. He was regarded as a public spirited citizen, was identitied with the progress of the towu, a man of genial temperament and personal popularity ; he commanded universal respect. He died Oct. 23, 1884. His immediate family are : Harriet Benedict Beecher, wife of Col. Henry Barton Beecher, son of the llev. Henry Ward lia, wife of John Ward cipal of Montclair vember 28, 1880; An- member of the insur- & Benedict, 145 Court and Montague Edward Lewis Bene- eral Manager of Bank fornia ; Seelye Bene- after) Sarah Benedict, diet, Emily Keeier Kirkham, wife of saic, N. J.; Walter St. ber of the insurance Benedict, 14.5 I'road- and Montague Streets, Seelye Benedict, and Harriet (Jones) Brooklyn, and gradu- inary. East Hampton, 1SC7, and at Yale Col- 1871. During the he was engaged in the ness in San Francisco, sale lumber business at after which he asso- others as General of New York of the North-Western Mutual Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee. Conceiving greater possibilities in the general business of lire insurance he founded the old and well-known insurance firm of Beecher and Benedict, later Benedict & Benedict, of New York and Brooklyn. He is a leader of social circles of Montclair, where he now resides, and is one of its most energetic and enterprising citizens. He was active in organizing the Montclair Club, and, with one exception, raised a larger amount toward the building fund than any other individual. Liberal, free-hearted, generous to a fault, he has done much to jtromote other pulJic enterprises, and advance the interests of the township. stLIAt LI.MiDlL r. Beecher; Mary Ame- Taylor, formerly Prin- High School, died No- drew Czar Benedict, ance firm of Benedict Broadway and corner Streets, Brooklyn; diet. Cashier and Gen- of Pleasanton, Cali- dict (of whom here- Martha Hartt Bene- Benedict; Caroline George A. Milne, Pas- John Benedict, mem- firm of Benedict & way and corner Court Brooklyn. son of Lewis St. John Benedict, was born in ated at Williston Sem- Mass., in the class of lege in the class of years 1872 and 1873 manufacturing busi- Cal., and in the whole- Albany and Oswego, ciated himself w i t h Agents for the State y^^a^fui^nv ^Lottv V^O^VL. History of Montclair Township. 245 NAIHM SFLLIVAX. As a resident of die iloiiiitaiii Side, then sparsely settled, ^[|■. Sullivan was well known to tlie people of Montclair twenty years ago. He formed one of the little colony of New York merchants who began the settlement of the mountain region, and opened up that part of the township which has since become one of tlie most attractive portions of Essex County His father, Arthur Bull Sullivan. was born in Waterford, Ireland, in 171)1. He was descended from one of the oldest families in Ireland, of whom Burke says : "This family deduces its descent from Oliol olluni, King of Munster, in Ireland, who is said to liave reigned in the second century of the Ciiristian era, and whose lineage the Hibernian chronicles trace from Heber Fionn. one of the sons of Milcsius." This family liore Arms. Per fesse, the base per pale, in chief or, a dexter liand couped at the wrist, grasping a sword erect gules the blade entwined witii a ser[)ent ppr. between two lions rampant respecting each other, of the second, the dexter base vert, charged with a buck trippant or; on the sinister base, per pale argent and salde a boar passant countcrchanged. Crest. On a ducal coronet or, a robin, in the beak a sprig of laurel ppr. Motto. Lamb foisdin-each an uaditar ; that is, "What we gain by conquest we secure by clemency. Arthur Bull Sullivan came to this country when he was nine years of age. He espoused the cause of the patriots at the breaking out of the War of the Revolution, and enlisted in Captain (Tcarhart's com- pany. Second Regiment, Hunterdon, X. J., also State troops. He married Margaret Dunn, of New Brunswick, N.J., and had issue: Thomas, iTaAwm, Jere- miah, and Margaret. Nahum Sullivan, second son of Arthur Bull and Margaret (Dunn) Sullivan, was born in New Brunswick, N. J., September 11, 1817. He was educated in his native town, and came to New York when he was sixteen years of age, and entered the house of Thomas Hunt & Co., of which Wilson G. Hunt was a junior partner. Several changes took place in the firm from 1S3S to 1843, and in the latter year it became Wilson G. Hunt ifc Co., Mr. Hunt having taken as partners Mr. Sullivan and two otheis. Other changes took place in the firm during the next few years, and in ISCO Mr. Hunt retired as h general partner, and became a special partner with his successors, Messrs. Sullivan, Randolph A: Budd. In 1867 the name of the firm was changed to Sullivan, Budd «.t Co., two others being admitted as mem- bers — Arthur T. Sullivan and Theodore F. Vail. On the death of Mr. Bndil the firm became N. Sullivan & Co., and in 1S78 to Sullivan, Vail ic Co., consisting of Arthur T. Sullivan, Theodore F. Vail and Howard Randolph as general partners, and Wilson G. Hunt and Nahum Sullivan as special partners. Mr. Sullivan's life was one of constant activity, and while he had accumulated a fortune he was never known to require others to do that which he could not do himself. He was a merchant of the old school ; lionesty with him was a matter of principle, not of policy. The firm of which he was a member was one of the best known and most substantial of any in New York. His partner, Wilson G. Hunt, was one of the founders of the Atlantic Telegraph Company. Mr. Sullivan continued in active business until January 1, 1878. In lS7n Mr. Sullivan removed with his family to Jlontclair, purchasing the homestead of Mr. Nason, on Mountain Avenue, which he immediately improved and beautified, converting it into one of the first residences in the vicinity. He endeared himself to his neighbors, and was beloved and respected by tlie entire community, rich and poor alike, for his generous and manly qualities, which characterized all his transactions, either public or private. While he was ever foremost as one of the merchants of this country, he never sought political or jjublic honors, having neither time nor inclination to fill the offices of public trust which he was often urged to accept. As a citizen he was a staunch republican, and an ardent supporter of the party and its princijiles. At the time of his death he was Vice-President of tlie Broadway Savings Bank, and at various times he was direct(»r in the Lorillard Insurance Company, and in the Central National Bank. 24:6 History of Montclair Township. Mr. Sullivan married, in 1844, Miss Sarah Martin Rnnyan, daughter of Mordecai Run3-an, a descendant of Richard Run\'on or Rognion, one of a colony of French Huguenots who settled in New Jersey during the latter part of the last century. Richard, the ancestor, was born in 1719; he niari'ied Jane Van Court (born August 13, 1727) and liad issue seven children, the third of whom, Eliuft, born June 7, 1740, married, January 9, 1771, Deborah Clark. It is probably through Elias that Mordecai, the father of Mrs. Sullivan, is descended. The death of Mrs. Sullivan, which occurred November 30, ISSl, was a shock from which her husband never recovered. She was a sweet, loving, gentle woman, greatly beloved by her friends and neighbors, and sadly missed by the whole community. Her husband felt the loss deeply. His vigorous mind and body were unimpaired, but it is thought, to a greater or less extent, his prostration was due more to that blow than to any bodily illness with which he might have been atHicted. He was a Christian gentleman, and a man of generous impulses. He died September 1, 1884, leaving l)ut one child, Helen Runyan. the wife of W. D. Baldwin. AVILLIAM DELAYAN BALDWIN. There were two distinct branches of the Baldwin family in this country, not immediately connected. The Baldwins who were among the early settlers of this locality were all descendants of the Connecticut branch, while W. D. Baldwin, who for so many years occupied the Sullivan homestead in Montclair, is a descendant, probably, of John Baldwin, one of tlie early settlers of Dedham, Mass. Baldwin is one of the oldest names mentioned in English history. It is said there was in England a Baldwin as early as A.D. 072. The Baldwins, Earls of Flanders, were contemporary with Alfred the Great, whose son Baldwin (2d) married the daughter of Robert, of France, whose daughter, Matilda, married William the Conrpieror. lialdwin, Archl)isliop of Canterbury, with a train of 200 horse and 300 foot, his Ijanner inscribed with the name of Thomas O'Becket, went on a crusade with Richard Cceur de Lion in 1120. The name is said to be derived from the words Bald, quick or speedy, and win, an old word signifying victor or conqueror — the true signification being "The speedy conqueror or victoi'.'' In 1198 Robert Fitz Baldwin is mentioned as holding lands in Bucks County, England. Sir John Baldwin, of Bucks, was Chief Justice in 1536. The English branch of the Baldwins bore Arms, argent, a saltire sable. Crest: On a mount vert a cockatrice argent wattled, combed and beaked or, ducally gorged and lined of tlie last. The mother of W. D. Baldwin was Sarah Jane Munson, daughter of Oscar D. Munson, of Vermont, a descendant of Richard Munson, of New Hampsliire, one of the petitioners, in the winter of 1689-90, for Massachusetts jurisdiction. The mother of Sarah Jane Munson was Sarah Latin Bennett, daughter of Aaron Bennett, of New Brunswick. W. 1). Baldwin, the suliject of this sketch, was born in Auburn, N. Y., Sept. 5, 1856. He was educated at the High School of \\\i native city, and Ijegan his liusiness career as a boy in the office of the (_)sborn Mowing Machine Co. He was a young man of quick pei'ccptions, honest, industrious, obliging and courteous, and soon won the confidence of his employers. Soon after reaching his majority he was sent abroad as manager of the company's European business, which he managed successfully for live years, evincing great tact and business sagacity. It was during his residence abroad that he met Miss Helen R. Sullivan, daughter of Nahuni Sullivan, with whom he returned to this country and was married at the home of the bride in Montclair, Oct. 19, 18S1. After his marriage he spent another year in Europe, returning to Montclair in 1882; at the same time lie resigned his connection with the Osborn Mowing Machine Company, and soon after became connected with the Otis Elevator Company as its treasurer. As a resident of Montclair he was one of the most prominent as well as one of the most popular of its citizens, ready at all times to promote its social as well as its religious affairs. He was active in politics, and during the Presidential campaign of 1884 was made President of the Blaine Republican Club. He was one of the governors of the Essex County Club, and an active participant in History of Montclair Township. 24:7 all its affairs. Ue was one of the t'ouiidurs of the Muiitclair Chib, the first meeting of which was lieid at his house, and while he continued a resident of Montclair was one of its most active and earnest supporters. He was a vcstrvnian in St. Luke's Episcopal Church, and used his best endeavors to advance the cause of religion and build up tlie church. During his seven years' residence in Montclair his influence was felt throughout the entire comiEnnit^-, and wlien circumstances necessitated his removal to Yonkers, N. Y., in 1SS8, to assume the management of the Otis Elevator Works, his departure was greatly regretted by a large circle of friends and ae(|uaintances. As a citizen ifr. Ijaldwiu has always been active in iironioting the interests of his fellow-citizens with reference to public enterprises and internal improvements, to all n{ which he contributed liberally. In business dealings he is uniformly courteous, but quick to a|>prehend and pri)mi)t and etticient to act. In the midst of public duties and business cares he has never forgotten or neglected the arts which contribute to the amenities of life, and tend to elevate its dignity and enlarge its enjoyment. Mr. Haldwin has already become prominent in the community where he iu)w resides, and evinces tlie same readiness to serve his fellow-citizens in whatever way he can be most useful. lie is a Director and Vice-President of the First National Hank of Yonkers, and is Junior Warden of St J'aul's Episcopal Church. His domestic relations have always been of the happiest and his home lite is a model of peace and comfort, "(iiven to hospitality," he delights to welcome his numerous friends, and leaves no stone unturned to contribute to their happiness and enjoyment — in all of which liis loving and devoted wife, who inherited from her mother those nolde ipialities which characterize true womanhood — henrtily unites witli him in all his efforts. Six children have been born to them, five of whom are still living, viz. : Martin Sullivan, born .Tidy 18, 1883; Delavan, born Aug. 9, 188(>; Helen, born Dec. 2.5, 1SS7, all at ilontclair; Louise, born July 14, 1889, at East Hampton, L. I , during a temporary residence there; Elsie, born at Yonkers March 28, 1891, deceased Feb. 14:, 1892 ; Kunyon, born at Yonkers Aug. 28, 1892. STEPHEN W. rA"REY. Most men of the present day who .seek, or evince a readine.s.s to accept, jiubiic ottice, are influenced to a greater or less extent by .selfish motives. It is a rare and exceptional ca.