An Illustrated History OF Pawtucket Central Falls AND Vicinity A NARRATIVE OF THE GROWTH AND EVOLUTION OF THE COMMUNITY BY ROBKRT GRIEVE PUBLISHED BY THE PAWTUCKET gazette AND CHRONICLE PAWTUCKET, R. I. 18 7 COPYRIGHT 1S97 BY HENRY R. CAULFIELD PAWTUCKET ;AN 1 8 1936 copy.._ % THE MAKING OF THE BOOK IN the spring t)f ISi)-') the prt'liiuiiiarv work on the Illustrated History ol I'awtucket, Central Halls and vicinity was begun. The projectors were H. R. Caulfield of Pawtucket and Thomas Jacob of New York, and they interested the publish- ers of the Pawtuckkt (.azhttk and Chronicle, who consented to become the official publishers of the book. Operations were at once started and a great deal of genealogical, biographical and historical data was grad- ually collected. The labor of preparing the book, however, has been much more arduous and extensive than was at first anticipated. This was largely owing to the fact that Pawtucket proved to be a very rich field histori- cally. Here the people of the Rhode Island and the Massachusetts Bay colonies had come together as they had nowhere else, and the community has been under the jurisdiction not only of two colonies, and two states, but also of a number of town governments. These conditions gave rise to many interesting com- plications which necessitated investigation. The place was also the original home of the cotton manixfacture in .\merica, and was always the headquarters of many varieties of industry. To trace the interesting political developments and the industrial growth of the com- munity, in connection with the local annals of Paw- tucket and adjoining centres of population, under these circumstances necessarily involved more labor and took more time than was foreseen. On this account the publication of the book has been delayed much beyond the time when, at the inception of the enterprise, it was expected to be issued. Mr. C.\ULFIELD has spared no labor or expense to make a creditable work. A book which would have been only a rehash of matter already published could have been produced quickly and cheaply ; but, instead, ail the various lines of investigation were followed, involving a great amount of research, with the result that a history has been written which is a substantially new presentation of the life and growth of Pawtucket. To convince the people of the city that an attempt was being made to prepare a first-class historical work took some time ; but, when they did comprehend that fact, many sources of information, both public and private, were put at the disposal of the compilers. Valuable historical, genealogical, and biographical data was by this means secured by the exertions both of Mr. Cauleielu and Mr. Jacois, and was filed away carefully and systematically by the latter, who had formulated the idea of the book. Then came the task of putting the book together. This portion of the undertaking was finally, in March, 189fi, placed wholly in the hands of Robert Grieve of Providence, who had had experience as an historical writer. He planned the book, edited the biographies, and wrote the historv as printed, utilizing the data already collected, but also making use of all other available sources of information as the necessities of the work demanded. The biographical sketches were compiled from all available .sources, including family trees and records, works on genealogy, town histories and public records. From the beginning of 1896 the management of the business devolved upon Mr. CaulfiELD, who by his energy, his wide acquaintance, and his business ability, carried the enterprise through successfully. .-\ number of the biographies toward the end of the work were written by J. F. Brennan, of Providence. The biograpliical sketches of the early jiewspaper men of I'awtucket, printed in chapter 14, were writ- ten by Chari.es a. I,ee, editor of the Gazette and Chronicle. The thanks of the publishers are due to a great manv persons in Pawtucket and elsewhere who assisted them in various ways. The entire resources of the Pawtucket Free Public Library were practically placed at their disposal by the librarian, Mrs. Minerva A. Sanders, who not only loaned many historical works and documents, but her advice and counsel were of great value. Through the courtesy of the Hon. Amos Perry, the secretary and librarian of the Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence, many volumes and papers bearing on the work in hand were obtained from the cabinet of that society. Many necessary books which could not readily be obtained elsewhere were secured at the Providence F'ree Public Library, and all the courtesies of the library were extended to the editor by the librarian, William E. Foster. The lilirarian of Brown University, Harry L. Koopman. niaile a number of suggestions in regard to the index and other matters, which proved of much value. Edward P. Tobie, the correspondent of the Providence Journal in I'awtucket, the late Ansel U. Nickerson, Captain Henry I". Jenks, tieorge A. Carpenter, city engineer; Ivx-Govcruor John \V. Davis, General Olney .\riiold. Rev. Massena Goodrich, David \V. Hoyt, prin- cipal of the high school. Providence ; the late Lucius Til]' MAKI\(; OK Till'; liooK. B. narlin;<, William II. riiiiiiu-y. I'laiu-is PtaU. Jch Iv. Spencer, Edwin A. rt-nin, I'ostnKisti-r Alnion K. ("loodvviii, Senator T'^lwanl I^. Freeman, Joseph \V. l"reeman, Frederick A. Horton, and others, furnished important data, and aided materially in many matters hy their counsel. J. F.dwin Judson, civil engineer, rendered great assistance in locating old houses and plats, .\mong others who loaned documents, books, maps, family papers, and gave information about houses, etc., were Mrs. Stephen P. Fisk, Mrs. John B. Read, Mrs. Ida E. Beede, Ex-Lieut. C.ov. Henry A. Stearns, Stephen F. F'isk, Henry B. De.xter, Darius L. Go£f, Dr. James L. Wheaton, Edwin Darling, Ivlward Thayer, Samuel S. Warren, Russell I''essLiiden, Iv .Syl- vester Binford. the late George E. Newell, William P. Bradley, Orlando Carpenter, Peter Gaskin, John H. Davis, John E. I.eF'avour, John Devlin, John F. Mc- Alevey, Thomas Kenyon, Samuel Darling, Michael McGowan, William E. Snyder, B. Frank Bowen, George Deggin, Dennis Martin and others. Without the coop- eration of the manufacturers and the men of business and affairs, who furnished very essential aiIe for the first time much material by means of which the story of the beginning of Pawtucket can be better understood than ever before. These volumes have been carefully printed and copiously indexed under the care of the record commissioners : Judge Horatio Rogers of the Rhode Island .Supreme Court ; the late Judge George M. Carpenter of the United States District Court, and lylward Field, clerk of the Municipal Court of Provi- dence. They were made use of to a great extent and are referred to in the foot notes as authority for many statements. In addition to this practically new source of information, a great many other works were con- sulted in tracing the early history and the relations of Pawtucket to other communities, among which were the Rhode Island Colonial Records, .^mold's History of Rhode Island, Staples's Annals of Providence, Bliss's History of Rehoboth, Mass., and Lewis's .A.nnals of Lynn, Mass. Rev. Dr. David Benedict's reminiscences of Paw- tucket, published forty years ago in manv articles in the Pawtucket Gazette and Chronicle, are the basis of all the local annals of the communitx-. Thev were ex- haustively studied from a conijilcte scra]> Iiook of the articles obtained from the Pawtucket Pree Piddic Library, and the results collated carefully in the text. Otlier sources of dat.-i for the story of the local life were: the files of tlie Gazette and Chronicle; the address at the Centennial of North Providence, and the Historical Sketch of Pawtucket, by Rev. Massena Goodrich; David Wilkinson's Reminiscences; the Wilkinson Memoirs; Newman's Oration; Newman's Blackstone ; White's Memoir of Samuel .Slater; Steere's History of .Smilhfield ; Richardson's History of Woonsocket ; Life and Times of Thomas W. Dorr; the town records of North Providence, R. I., and of Pawtucket, Mass., in manuscript volumes in the Paw- tucket City Hall ; •2:)inh .\nniversary of the Settlement of Reliolioth ; the Ci>tton Centennial; Genealogy of the Jenks family in the Pawtucket Gazette ; the reports of the law cases in regard to the water power in the early years of the century, and of the litigation about the Pawtucket river and the obstructions to navigation in 18G7 ; Biographical Cyclopedia of Rhode Island ; with many other documents, pamphlets. ]iai)ers, newspaper articles and reminiscences, jiersonal ;ind printed. The illustrations were carefully made from photo- graphs, expressly taken for that purpose, and they were reproduced bj- photoengraving. Nearly all the portraits were made from photographs taken bv Carl V. Pohlson of the Maple Studio, Pawtucket. Ever}- reasonable effort has been made to secure accuracy and correctness in the matter printed, both in the history and the biographies. The method pursued was to submit the typewritten manuscript, and in many instances printers' proofs, to persons who had an authoritative kiu)\vledge of the particular sub- ject treated. This course was followed in regard to the accounts of the churches, the banks, the mili- tary companies, the newspapers, the post office, the public library, the manufacturing concerns, the parks, the monuments, the municipal improvements — includ- ing the sew-er sj-ste:n, the water works and the street improvements, — and in many other matters. Especial care was taken that each individual should see his ow-n biographical sketch before it was printed. In this manner accuracy has been secured, especially in dates and names; but notwithstanding this method and all the care exercised it is not claimed that there are no errors. As has been truly said there is "a depravit^• in things" and especially in type; so despite these endeavors some errors may have crept in. Now that the work is finished, no one can realize more than the publishers that the method of treatment could have been improved upon, and that some things are omitted which would have added to the worth of the narrative. Yet, it can be said, the history is a sincere attempt to unfold the .story of the evolution of Pawtucket, and the claim can be honestly made that in the?e pages the life of the community is presented more connectedly and more in detail than ever has been done before. CONTENTS. Till'; M AKixc. oi- THK Hook ■*-•♦ Portraits and BLortRAi'Hiivs ' "^ Introductory — The Scope and Intent of the Hook !'- '- Chai'TKR I— Physical Characteristics- The River— William Hlackstone— The Abori-jiiies 13-22 Chapter II — The Acquisition of the Land -•' •" Chapter III— The First Settlers ■'-■*■* Chapter IV— The Rise of the Industrial Couinuinity at Pawtucket I'alls -i'^-'tH Chapticr V — The Villajjes and Neighborhood at the Heginnins of the Century liil-72 Chapter \'I— The Coming of Slater and the I->a of Cotton T:!-!M) Chapter VII— The Factory System— Aspects of and Changes in Social Conditions !ll-l(i:! Chapter VIII— The Utilization of the Water Power 104-1 lo Chapter IX— Land Travel and Building of Highways— Waysiile Inns— Traffic on I'awtucket River— Deepening of the Channel 11 1 1_'4 Chapter X— The Achievement of Political I'nity and the Coalescing of the Two Pawtuckets 125-1:!:! Chapter XI— Growth as Result of Introduction of Cotton Manufacture— Recent Industrial Development i:!4-ir.!l Chapter XII— Central Falls, Pleasant View, Valley I'alls, Lonsdale and Savlesville 1(10-172 Chapter XIII — Religion and ICilucation 1..H-1S, Chapter XIV— The Newspapers- The Banks 18S-2(10 Chapter XV— Modern Pawtucket : Water. Works— Sewers— Parks— Cemeteries— Military Companies— The Veteran Firemen— Societies— The Post OfBcc— High Schools— Monuments— Public Huildings— Homes, etc 2lll-2:!0 Hioi-,RAPHi);s oi- Prominent Citize: Index to Historv- !:{i-r>oo 501 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. American Hair Cloih Co., factory of, Central Falls Armory, State Armory, the old Arnold, Gen. Olney. residence of Arnold Stone Chimney House, near .Saylesville Baptist Church, Central Falls Bates, Frederick, residence of ■•• Blackstone Monument, Lonsdale Blapkstone River above Mill Street Bridge, Central Falis Blackstone River, looking north from Exchange Street Bridge .. Broad Street Fire Station. Central Falls Broad Street, looking north from Cross Street, Central Falis Broadway, Junction of, with Cottage and Summit Streets Broadway, foot of, in 1825 Brook Street, from Grove Street Catholic Oak, Lonsdale Central Falls High School Christ Church, Lonsdale City Hall, Pawtucket City Coal Co.. Wharf of Coats. J. i: P. (Limited), factories of Collyer M<.nnment Conant, Hezekiah, residence of Conant, Samuel M. , residence of Cottage Street, looking northeast from Angle Street Crossley, Robert, residence of Cumberland High School Cumberland Town Hall, Valley Falls Dam, Upper, above Pawtucket Falls Darling, Edwin, residence of Darlington Diamond Hill Reservoir East Avenue, looking north from Grace Street . - . East Avenue, lookincf north from just below South Union Street FarAvell Worsted Mill, Central Falls First Baptist Church, Pawtucket Fisher's, Joshua, residence, as it now appears Follett, Jabez, birthplace of Follett, Jabez, residence of Garden Street School, Pawtucket Goff, Darius, homestead of the late Greene, Edward A . , residence of Grove Street School, Pawtucket Hammond's Pond, view of Pawtucket from East side of Hancock Street School, Pawtucket Harbor, the, of Pawtucket, view of, from Division Street Bridgt Hoiy Trinity Church, Central Falls Hope Webbing Co., factory of Howard & Bullough American Machine Co., (Limited), works < Jenks", Nathaniel, house, west end Jenks*. Nathaniel, house, east end Jenks' Park, Central Falls John Street Bridge, Lonsdale, approach to Kendall Street Fire Station Kenyon, John J., Manufacturing Co., works of ih- Main Street, looking east from Trinity Square Main Street, looking west from East Avenue Map of Pawtucket, Mass., in 1848 35 Mason Co., the Robert D., factory of 11 1 Mineral Spring Cemetery, view in 207 Moshassuck Cemetery. Central Falls, view in 207 Narragansett Machine Co., factory of, Woodlawn qz Newell, William, original brass foundry of 449 Newell, William, homestead of 449 Olney & Payne Bros., Wharf and Coal Pucket of 157 Park Place, opposite Wilkinson Park 55 Pawtucket Falls in i/Sq 12 Pawtucket Falls early in the century iq Pawtucket Falls in i8q6 218 Pawtucket, Mass., Map of, in 1848 35 Pawtucket. from Division Street Bridge, looking Northward 43 Pawtucket, view of, looking toward Exchange Street Bridge 30 Pawtucket, looking North from Pacific Bank Building 41 Pleasant Street and the Town Landing in 1830 17 Potter, William H . residence of 500 Prospect Street, looking East from Division Street 116 Prospect Street Fire Station 14Q Pumping Station No. i, and SettlingBasin, Pawtucket Water Works 2iq Pumping Station No. 3, Pawtucket Water Works 219 Quaker Meeting House, the old, near Saylesville 33 Read Homestead, the John B 203 Riverside Cemetery, view in 207 Sayles, Frederick C, residence of , 59 Sayles Memorial Chapel, Saylesville 173 Sheldon, H. H. and P. C, residence of 212 Slater Cotton C., mills of the 3gS Slater Mill, the Old, at present 21 Slater, Samuel, first residence of. as it now appears 25 Slater, Samuel, residence of, early in the century, as it now appears, 204 Soldiers Monument, the 201 Standard Seamless Wire Co., factory of 64 Starkweather, The Oliver, Mansion 31 State Armory 75 Stearns, Henry A., residence of 04 St . Joseph's Church 177 St. Joseph's School 71 St. Mary's Cemetery, view in 207 St. Mary's School 71 St. Patrick's Cemetery, Valley Falls, view in 207 St. Paul's Church 177 Summit Street, looking North from just below Lyon Court 116 SutclifTe. Co.. The Adam, building of 451 Thayer's, Ellis, Brush Manufactory 147 The Times Building 103 To Kalon Club House 98 Town Landing in 1830 17 Trinity Church 177 Trinity Square, Broad and North Union Streets 55 Typesetting Machine, Linotype, in use by the Pawtucket Post 105 Universalist Church, High Street 60 Valley Falls Fire Station 149 Veteran Firemen's Building, School Street 149 Wilkinson Park, Autumn view in 159 Wood, Alanson P., residence of 393 PORTRAITS AND BIOGRAPHIES. portrait ; b., bioj;raph\ ; lit and biography Adams, Jobii A., pr. opp. i66, b. 231 Adams, John K., pr. opp. 166, b. 212 Adams, Thornton H., 240 Adamson, Edward, pr, 233, b. 232 Anderton, James, pr. 227, b. 233 Anderton, Joseph, pr. 300, b. 233 Andrew, J, Kverett, 234 Andrew, James H., 234 An>;ell, Stephen D., pr. 385, b. 235 Arncild, Alexanders., pr. 353, b. 235 Arnold, Frank H., pr. 236 Arnold, Henry M., pr. 236 Arnold. H. M. & Son, b. 236 Arnold, Olney, pr. opp. 144, b. 236 Arnold, Preserved, b .2^q Arnold, Selh, pr. opp. 238, b. 239 Ashton, Daniel W., pr. 87, b. 240 Atwood, Abner, pr. 118, b. 241 Authier, Joseph M., pr. 198, b. 241 Ranigan, James E., pr. 385, b. 242 Barber, Joseph DeVere, M. D., pr. 247, b. 242 Barber, John H., pr. 471, b. 243 Barber, Reuben A,, pr. 105, b. 243 Barber, Varnum T., pr. 128, b. 243 Barker, Edward, pr. 247, b. 244 Barker, Frederick Eugene, pr. 83, b. 244 Barker, Henry, pr. 300, b. 244 Barney, Edward C, 245 Barnefield, Thomas P., b. 486 Barolet, Louis P., pr. 262, b. 245 Barry. James F., pr. 385, b. 261 Bastow, Stuart, pr. 229, b. 246 Bates, frank May, 246 Bates, Frederick, pr. 355, b. 248 Bates, Whitman, pr. 3S5, b. 249 Baxter, Frederick Warren, pr. 139, b. 249 Beach, James W., pr. 486. b. 487 Beaudry, Louis H., M. D., pr. 247 Bellew, Robert, pr. 115, b. 250 Bennett, John H., M. D., pr. 247, b. 250 Berry, James B., pr. 363, b. 250 Berry, Thomas E., pr. 262, b. 251 Berry, Thomas T,, ^^r. 247, b. 251 Bishop, Frank, pr., r h. iRt,^ Blak" franklin N'' ^'^'"' -51 **''ne general Bioi^tli'^ social j3 Boardman, William H., 253 Borden, Frank H., pr. 1:3, b. 254 Bourne, Arthur O., 254 Bowen, Charles A., pr. 223, b. 254 Bowen, Edward S., pr. 247, b. 254 Bo , Clo i H., Bowen, Leroy E., pr. 223, b. 255 Bowen, Nathan, pr, 223, b. 256 Branaghan, John H., pr. 467, b. 488 Bray, Allen F., pr, 355, b. 256 Bray, Ferdinand, pr. 355, b. 256 Briggs, Hiram A., pr. 89, b. 257 Brooks, William J., pr. 108, b. 257 Brown, James, pr. opp. 152, b. 260 Brown. James S., b. 258 Bucklin, Charles R., pr. 385, b. 488 Burns, Richard M., pr. 487, b. 488 Burrow. William T.. pr. 179, b. 260 Butler, Richard A., 261 Campbell, Duncan H., pr. 487, b. 4S9 Capron, George O., b. 263 Carmichael, (leorge A., pr. 262, b. 263 Carpenter, Charles E., pr. 262, b. 266 Carpenter, Everett P., pr, no, b. 265 Carpenter, George A., pr. 266, b. 265 Carpenter, Isaac B , pr. 206, b. 266 Carroll, Hugh J., pr. 120, b. 267 Carty, Gilbert, pr. 493, b. 489 Case, Samuel O., Jr., pr. 262, b. 268 Cattanach, Donald D., pr. 269, b. 268 Caulfield. H. R., pr. 419 Chace. Jonathan, 490 Chace, Preston A., pr, 487, b. 491 Chalk, H. J., pr. 300, b. 270 Cheever, Edson T , pr. 487, b. 491 Chicago Beef Co., b. 491 Clapp, Bela P., pr. 99, b. 270 Clark, John H., pr. 353, b. 271 Clarner, John E., 271 Cokely, George W., pr. 90, h. 272 Coie, Henry S., pr. 300, b. 272 Cole, Wheaton, pr. 487, b. 492 Collins, Henry, 273 Collins, James, pr. 495, b. 492 Collins, Joseph W., pr. 273, b. 274 Collins, William W., 273 Conant, Hezekiah, pr. opp. 202, b. 274 Corrigan, John P., M D.. pr. 217. b. 276 Costello, John J., pr. 262, b. 277 Cottrell, John T., pr. 215, b. 277 Crane, Thomas J., pr. 4Q5, b. 494 Crawford, C. Fred, 278 Crawford, James M., pr. 161, b- 278 Cronin, William J., pr. 495, b, 494 Crossiey, Robert, pr. 89, b. 279 Croston, Thomas, 279 Crowninshield, Walter H., b. 280 dimming, John H., 280 Currier, Andrew J., pr. 175. b. 281 Cushman, Robert, 281 Darling, Edwin, pr. 114, b. 283 Darling, Family, The, b. 282 Darling, Lucius B,, pr. opp. 72, b. 285 Darling. Lucius B. Jr., pr. 353. b. 286 Darling, Lyman M., pr. 151, b. 287 Darling, Ruel S., pr. 351, b. 288 Darling, Samuel, {4th), pr. 283, b. 282 Darling, Samuel, (5th), 288 Darling, William W., 289 Davis. Charles H., pr. 211, b. 289 Davis, Herbert B.. b. 289 Davis, John E., pr. 293, b. 290 Davis, John W., Ex-Gov., pr. 291, b. 290 Dawson, WilHam H.. pr. 90, b. 292 Deahy, Michael F,, pr, 293, b. 292 Deahy, Thomas H., pr. 293, b. 294 Delany, Lyons, pr. 83. b. 294 Dempsey, James, pr. 295. b. 294 Dennis, John R., 293 Devlin, John, pr. 293, b. 296 Dexter, George E., b. 496 Dexter, Henry B., pr. opp. 140, b. 297 Dexter, James C, 298 Dillon, John, pr. 300, b. 299 Donath, August Franz, pr. 495, b. 496 Dorsey, Henry C. I--, pr. 467, b. 496 Douglas, George C, pr. 139, b. 299 Draper, Frank O., pr. 179, b. 299 Drown, Otis E., pr. 293, b. 301 Dwyer, Daniel D., pr. 293, b. 301 Easton, Frederick W., b. 302 Ervin, John, pr 487 Evans, John, pr. 106, b. 302 Everett, George F., pr-^ 363, b. 303 Fairman, Roswell H., pr. 493 b. 497 Fainvcather, James R., pr. 311. b. 303 Falcon, Abraham Z., M. D., pr. 171, b. 303 Fales. David L., b. 304 Fales, James G., pr, 167, b. 304 F'ales, Joseph E., pr. 300, b. 305 Farnsworth, Claude J., b. 305 Farnsworlh, Claudius B., b. 305 Farwell, Frederick S., b. 306 Fessenden, Benjamin, pr. opp. 158, b. 306 Fisher, Oilman C, pr. 96, b. 308 Fisk, Stephen F., b. 309 Fisk, Stephen P., pr. 155, b. 308 Fit/, Edward E., pr. 107, b. 309 Folleit, FVrdinand A., pr. 311, b. 310 FoIIett, Francis F., pr. 311, b. 310 Follett, Jabez, pr. jn, b. 310 Fontaine, Hermenegilde, pr. 363, b. 312 Forticr, Adelard J., D. D. S., pr. 211, b. 312 Fournier, John AL, pr. 132, b. 312 Fowler, George H., pr. 95, b. 313 Freeman, Edward L., pr. opp. 104, b. 314 Freeman, Joseph W.. 315 Freeman, William C. b. 316 French, Charles H., M. D.. pr. 183, b. 317 Frost, .Albert, pr. 229. b. 317 Fuller, Charles H., pr. 311, b. 318 Fuller, George H., pr. 311, b. 318 Gagnon, Fortunat, M. D., pr. 331, b. 318 Garbutt, Irving R., pr. 331, b. 318 Gardiner, William E., pr. 331, b. 319 Gardner, Walter S., pr. 331, b. 319 Garvin, Lucius F. C, M. D., pr. 174, b. 320 Gatchelt, Frank L., pr. 199. b. 321 Gates, George C. pr. 200, b. 321 Germain, Peter, pr. 331, b. 322 (Jill, Isaac. 322 Clancy, Charles H., M. D., pr. 217, b.^2i ('.off, Darius, pr. opp. 216, b. 324 Goff, Darius L., pr. 483, b. 327 Goff, I.ynian B., pr. opp. 208, b. 32S Goldsmith, William H., b. 328 GoodinK. William H., pr. 123, b. 324 Goodrich, Rev. Massena. 329 Goodwin, Almon K., pr. 126, b. 330 Gorman. Peter, pr. 185, b. 332 Gotlschalk, William von, M. D., pr. 333, b. 332 Graham, George, pr. 331, b. 333 Grandfield, Michael, M. D., b. 333 Greene, Benjamin F., pr. 335, b. 334 Greene, Edward A., pr. opp. 94, b. 335 Grimes, William H., pr. 467, b. 336 Hall, William, pr.471, b. 336 Halliday, Frederick F., pr. 339, b. 337 Halliday, Frederick F., Jr., pr. 131, b. 337 Harding. Nehemiah. pr. 167, b. 338 Harley, David, pr. 113, b. 338 Harrington, Francis M., M. D., pr. 339, b. 338 n, Alfred, pr. 143, b. 340 n, Richard, pr. 351 Hartford, Walter G.. pr. 339 Harwood, John C, 189 Haskell, Lewis T., pr. 339, b. 340 Haskell, William H., pr. 210, b. 341 Hatheway, William H., b. 341 Hav.-ns, Silas B., pr. 339, b. 342 Havens, William D. .S., pr. 339, b. 343 Hay, James H., pr. 347. 1). 344 Hayes, Patrick E., pr. 347. b. 3.4 Hayward, Fred A., pr. 347, b. 344 Herrmann, William F., pr. 359 Hodges, Frank B., pr. 347, b. 345 Hollidiiy, WiMiam M., pr. 471, b. 345 Hood, John P., pr. 346, b. 345 Horton, Frederick A., pr. 347. b. 348 Horton, Oren S.. pr. 347, b. 348 Horton, Otis H., pr. 365, b. 349 Howe, Georgi: J.. M. D., pr. 2.7, b. 349 Hughes, 'I'homas F., pr. 363, b. 340 Humes, Albert H., b. 350 Hunt, Daniel A., b. 350 Jackson, David, pr. 359, b. 352 Jackson, Waller H., pr. 359, b. 352 Jenkinson, John, pr. 35Q, b. 357 Jenks, Charles H,, pr. 359, b. 352 Jenks. Frank R , pr. 359, b, 354 Jcnks. Henry F., 354 Jenks, James L . pr. 381, b. 356 Jenks, Isaac T., pr, 495, b. 498 Jenks, Pardon, pr. 361, b. 357 Jillson, Oscar A , pr 115, b. 357 Jones, George W., pr. 471, b. 357 Jtidson, J. Kdwin, pr. 361, b. 358 Keene, William F., pr. 361, b 358 Kendall, Robert A., pr. 361, b 358 Kent, George W , 360 Kenypn, John J , pr. 99, b 362, 498 Kinney, Charles F., pr. 361, b. 362 Kinnicutt, Shubael, 190 Kinsman, .Addison, pr, 364, b 362 Kinyon. Myron T., 364 Krahl, Henry, pr 361, b. 365 T.add, l.orin G , pr 107, b. 365 Lane, Edward W., M. D , pr 229, b. 365 Lang, Hans, pr. 371, b. 365 Leach, Charles A., pr. 471, b. 366 Lee, Charles A , pr. opp. 188, b. 366 Lee, Stephen, pr. 211, b 367 LcFavour, David, pr. 88, b. 367 Lemley, David B., pr. 385, b. 368 Lennon, Bernard T.. pr. 229, b, 368 Lennon, Peter, pr. 130, b 368 Leonard, Henry, 369 Leslie, Alexander, pr. 471, b. 369 Lewis, Enoch, pr. 371, b. 369 Linnell, Renjamin F. G., pr. 353, b. 370 Little, John W.. pr. 371, b 370 Littlefield, Alfred ?L, pr. opp. 222, b. 372 Littlefield. Daniel G., pr. opp. 226, b. 373 Littlefield, Nathan W., 374 Lisabelie, Thomas, pr. 475, b. 370 Lockwood, Lawrence A , pr. 371, b. 375 Lumb, George H , b. 376 Lull, Harry F., b 375 Lull, Proctor C, pr. 371, b. 376 Luther. Charles F., pr. 495, b. 498 Lynd, Henry J., pr. 371, b. 376 MacColl, James R.. pr. 112. b. 377 Mackillop, Robert K., pr. 222, b. 377 Maguire, John T., pr. 378, b. 377 Manchester, William C , b. 378 Mann. Arthur B., pr. 169, b. 378 Marran, William, pr. 475, b. 379 Martin, Richard, pr 389, b. 379 Martin, William J., pr. 389, b. 380 Mason, Frederick R., b. 382 Mason, Robert D., pr. ioq, b. 382 Massman, Adolph W., pr. 475, b. 384 Mathieu, Joseph E. V.. M. D., 380 Malhewson, Lester L, 383 Mathewson, Thomas A.. 383 McCabe, Bernard, pr. 389, b. 3S4 McCailum, Charles A., pr. 178, b. 384 McCaughey, Bernard, pr 386, b. 384 McCaughey, Edward, b. 384. McCaughey. Joseph H , b. 387 McCaughey, William S., pr. 493. b 499 McDuff, Henry C , pr. 102, b. 387 McGowan, Michael, pr. 388, b 387 McGregor, Rev. Alexander, pr. 110, b. 388 McUvain. J. Morton, M. D., pr. 389. b 3Q0 McKenna, Frank A , M. D., pr 389, b. 388 McKenna, Frank, b. 390 McManus. Peter B., pr. 121, b. 390 Meacham, Randall, 189 Mciklejobn, John W., pr. 475, b. 391 Miclette, Oliver, pr. 229, b. 391 Miller, Joseph W , pr 96, b 391 Miller, R^iiben K , pr. 185, b. 39? Moies, Charles P., pr. 163, b 392 Moncrief. James A., pr. 389, b. 394 Moroney, William P., 394 Morse, Francis D., pr. 123, b. 396 Morse, Frederic A., b. 396 Murphy, Daniel, pr. 401, b. 396 Murray, Martin, pr. 194, b. 195 Murray, Patrick J , pr. 106, b. 397 Newell, Frank A., pr. 401, b. 397 Newell. Fred E., pr. 398, b. 397 Newell, George E , pr. 97, b. 398 Newell, Oscar A., pr. 401, b. 399 Newell, William, pr. 401, b. 400 Nicholson, James E,, pr 401, b. 400 Nickerson, Ansel D., pr. 137, b. 402 Nickerson, James P.. b. 403 O'Brien, Edward, pr. 401, b. 403 O'Connor, John F., pr. iiq, b. 403 Olney, (Jeorge B., b. 403 O'Maliey, Patrick, 404 O'Neill, Daniel. 404 O'Neill, William H., b. 405 Orswell. Edmund W.. pr. 381. b. 405 Orswell. Gardner, b 405 Ott, Joseph, pr. 145, b 405 Park. Wdliam H., pr 65 Patt, Frederick A , pr. 435, b. 406 Patt, Irving F., pr. 179, b. 407 Payne, Charles, b 407 Payne, George W., pr. 381, b. 407 Payne. James R., pr. 4" Payne. J. Milton, b. 408 Peck, CJeorge C, 408 Peirce, Clarence E , b. 409 Perrin, Edwin A., pr. 181, b. 40Q Perry, Fred G., b. 410 Perry, James A , pr. 411. b. 410 Perry. Oliver H . 412 Pervear, Charles K., pr. 228, b 413 Pettis, George H.. 414 Phillips, Francis J,, pr. 411. b. 415 Phillips. Frederick E , b. 415 Phillips, Henry S . pr. 411, b 416 Phinney. Squire Z., pr. 108, b. 416 Pierce, Alonzo E , pr. 411, b. 416 Pierce, Henry A , b. 417 Pierce, Sanford R., pr. 435. b. 417 Pohlson, Carl V., pr. 269, b 41S Poole, Henry, pr. 411, b. 418 Potter, James C, pr. 148, b. 418 Potter, William H., 499 Pratt, Gilbert W., pr. 215, b. 420 Pray, George W., b. 420 Prior, Andrew, pr. 153, b. 420 Quigg, Alfred W , pr. 435, b. 420 Quinn, William H., pr. 167, b. 421 Read, John B., pr. loi, b. 421 Rice, Randall H., 422 Robbins, Walter M., pr. 227, b, 423 Robinson, Thomas, pr. 141, b. 423 Robinson, Thomas W., pr. 205, b. 424 Rogers, Carlos L. , pr. 206, b 425 Rounds, Horatio M pr. 435, b. 425 Rousmaniere, John E., pr. i8q, b 190 Rowbotham, R. W., pr. 435, b. 425 Russell, Henry H., pr 475, b. 426 Ryan, John M , b. 426 St. Germain, N. Edouard de, pr. 435, b. 426 Sawyer, John D.. pr. 229, b. 427 Sayles, Clark, pr, 429, b. 428 Sayles. Family, The, b. 427 Sayles, Frederic C, pr. opp. 430, b. 430 Sayles, William F,. pr. opp. 432, b. 431 Sayles, William R , b. 434 Schiller, Hector, 436 Scholze. William F , pr. 445, b. 436 Sheldon, H. Herbert, 437 Sheldon, Charles H., pr. 438, b. 439 Sheldon. Philip C. 438 Sheahan, Thomas S , b. 436 Sherman. Albert R., pr. 87, b. 4iy Sherman, Robert, pr. 191, b. 190 Sherman, Sylvester C. pr. 445, b. 439 Shove, Isaac, pr. 93, b. 439 Sibley, John S., 191 Sidebottom, Abram M., 440 Simmons, Robert H., pr. 453 Sisson, Charles, pr.127, b. 440 Slocum, William H., pr. 153. b. 441 Smales. George, pr. 106, b. 441 Smith, Benjamin F , pr. 445, b. 441 Smith, Edmund H.. pr. 445, b. 442 Smith, Edward, pr. 214, b. 442 Smith, Henry T., pr. 65, b. 443 Smith, John P , pr. 467, b. 443 Snow, J. Frank, pr. 445, b. 443 Snow, Robert J., pr. 445, b. 444 Spaulding, George H., pr. 403, b 444 Spencer, Charles L , b. 446 Spencer, Henry L.. pr. 90, b. 446 Spencer, Micah W., pr. 453, b. 447 Spring, Merrill, pr. 453, b. 447 Stanley, Arthur W , pr. 127, b 447 Stearns, Henry A , pr. opp. 426, b. 448 Stephans, Jacob, pr. 185, b. 448 Stillman, (Jeorge C, pr. 453, b. 449 Stiness, Samuel G., pr. 381, b. 449 Stratton, Arthur T., pr. 96, b. 450 Sutcliffe Co., The Adam, pr. 451, b. 450 Taylor, Jr.de, pr. 81, b. 451 Tenney, Alfred E , pr. 83, b. 451 Thayer, Family, The, b. 452. Thayer, Edward, pr. opp. 454, b. 455 Thayer, Ellis, pr 153, b. 455 Thayer, Philo E , pr. 205, b. 456 Thompson, Andrew A., pr. 453, b. 457 Thompson, John E.. pr. 230, b. 457 Thomson, James, Jr., pr. 453, b. 457 I'hornton, George M.^ pr, opp. 458, b. 458 Thurber, Charles E-, pr. 475, b. 459 Tiepke, Henry E., pr. 196 , b. 459 Tillinghast. Pardon E., pr. 93, b, 460 Tingley, George S , b. 461 Trescott, Waldo, pr. 385, b. 462 True, Herbert O., M. D., pr. 225 Turner, John D , 462 Upham. Lester W., pr. opp. 188. b. 463 Wadsworth, John, pr. 479, b. 463 Walker, John H., pr. 464, b. 463 Walker. \"-"'— 'i R., pr. 105, b. 464 Walk -_ W. / Wa> c. .. ■ . W, , Frank N.. b. . Wat iodgett, Edward G.. 25^ > WatJ'^Hp-ett William W., b. 2/ Wea.. . . ..^. ;.^oi-gc, pr. 220, D. 472 Weatherhead, John, pr. 119, b. 472 Webb, George H., pr. 05, b. 473 Weeden, John H., b. 473 Westcott, Frank W., pr. 106, b. 474 Wheaton, James L., M. D.. pr opp. 180. Whipple, Nathan W., 476 Whitaker, Stephen, pr. 483, b. 478 White, David J., pr. 65, b. 476 White, Frederic H.. pr. 479, b. 476 White, J. Ellis, pr. 483, b. 471 White, Joshua S., pr, 126, b. 477 White. Mrs., "The Rousmaniere," b. 42; White, Willis H , b. 477 Whitney, Lemuel, pr. 479, b. 47S Wilber, James H., pr. 479- b. 480 Willmarth, Daniel L., pr. 479. b. 480 WiUmarth. John W., pr. 206, b. 481 Wilkinson. Isaac R., 480 Wilson, James, pr. 108, b. 481 Wilson. Robert, pr. 123, b. 482 Wood. Alanson P., or. 483, b. 482 Wood, Charles D., pr. 65, b. 484 Woodhcad. Thomas A., 484 Woolley, Rev. Joseph J., pr. 485. b. 484 Young Men's Christian Association, 485 INTRODUCTORY. Tin-; SCOI'K AND INTENT OF THE BOOK. CATHOLIC OAK, LONSDALE, bled either in or nations, co the general of the social V,^NE of the new conceptions of the age is the recogni- tion of the fact that com- munities o f h u man b e- ings, assem- towns, cities, states, -rganisms subject to elopment. The form in any particular in- stance, is the one tliat, taking into account all the peculiarities of the environment, the influence of heredity, and the competition of its neighbors, is best fitted to sur\-ive — to maintain itself — under the conditions existing. The social entity thus created has a distinct life, which may be modified, vitalized, or directed bj- individuals in proportion to their strength of will or character, Ijut cannot be destroyed or turned aside. The idios\ncracies of a com- munity persist long after the causes which pro- duced them have been lost sight of, and its character as a distinct microcosm is as well fornuilated in popular consciousness as is that of any public man of the day. The causes which have operated to develop a city in one particular location rather than in an- other, the influences which have promoted its growth, and the forces which ha\e controlled its life are not readily discernible b\- superficial ex- amination. To arrive at a knowledge of these essentials, the beginnings mu.st be .studied. What sort of people they were who first settled on the land, what their lieliefs were in religion and politics, what form of government they inaug- urated, what relations thej- bore to their neigh- bors and to other communities, and what was the character and scope of their industry — all are important inquiries in arriving at a true idea of the genesis and progress of anj- social group. The operation of all these diverse influences may result in the creation of a body of people bound together by political and social ties, whose his- tory, running smoothly without dramatic inci- dents, ma\- yet show rich and varied achievement in the best lines of human endeavor. In the following pages an attempt has been made to lell the story of the unfolding of the comnumity now comprised in the cities of ILLU.STRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. NATHANIEL JENKS' HOUSE. WEST END. HE 18TH CENTURY. FROM PHOTOGRAPH IN POSSESSION Ol Pawtucket and Central Falls along the broad lines just laid down ; to trace briefly, but at the same time compreheusiveh-, the various steps ill the progress of the community from its insignificant beginnings until the present. The first scene in the story is a clearing in the wilderness, liy the side of a picturesque waterfall, whose power was without doulit utilized to turn the machines of the pioneer settler, one of the first skilled workers in iron on the American Continent. As he went on with his work of supplying other pioneers who were engaged in subduing the wilderness, and in l)ringing its savage denizens, both man and beast, into subjection, the maker of tools and weapons became a man of consequence and distinction. His work was of prime necessity. Under the prevailing conditions, without his skill of hand and brain, or that of some other man similarly gifted, social progress would have been impos- sible. His workshop became a nucleus, a social nerve centre, to which other pioneers constantly gravitated in search of the essential tools they needed ; and the neighborhood, because of this fact, had unmistakable social advantages, which attracted and re- tained other pioneers, who here estab- lished their homes. Thus began the settlement at Pawtucket falls, around the home and forge of Joseph Jenks, Jr. The pro.sperity of the worker in iron continued to increase and descended to his children. The famil\- took its place among the leading ones in the state, and its leader in the second generation attained to the dignity of governor of the colony. But the settlement at Paw- tucket falls, although meanwhile slowly increasing, was >et in a sense the pri\-ate domain of the Jeukses, was at ^^°' least dominated by them, and as an in- dependent community was in a state of clir\salis. At first the locality was within the jurisdiction of Providence, and afterward in the l>ounds of North Providence, Init in itself it was only an outlying hamlet of no more imijortance than many another similar group of dwellings. As a part successively of the two towns it had a share in their life and development, while at the same time the course of events was prepar- ing the insignificant village for a larger future and a life of its own. On the east side of the river at the falls, a similar but smaller hamlet slowly grew up in the beginning and middle of the eighteenth century, attracted no doubt primarily by the proximity of the Jenks' forge. Although in the limits of another colony, the natural bonds of similarit}' of occupation and human fellowship resulting from propinquity gradually brought about a social unity lietween the two hamlets. The building of the first bridge in 1713 was the first visible bond of union, although it was intended more as a means of general travel than as a connecting ligament between the two groups of widely scattered dwellings at the INTRODUCTORY (alls. Yet it broua;ht into heiiiij the germ of the sentiment of social nnity, which grew and strengtliened until the cit\- of to-da>' was made possible. Conditions did not change substantially for the villages at the falls until after the war of the revolution. The iron works continued to be the principal industry, anil the water power was utilized likewise to run saw and grist mills, and without doubt other operations of the industry of the period. Both communities were no larger than some of the remote vil- lages on the upper waters of the mill streams at the present day. The conditions of life were far more primitive than in the present da>' fac- tor}' hamlet, iK-cause only the heaviest and roughest work was done b\- machinery, the roadways were only cart-]iaths, and every household perfiirmed the larger part of the lalior in creating the raw material of food, clothing and shelter. Cloth was woven and garments made in each home, the household utensils were made very largely by members of the family, and the food was obtained directly from the land or water. Industry was special- ized to a limited extent in .some lines, but with the increase of population and the extension of the commerce of Prov- idence after the revolution, a great impetus was given in this direction. Rumors of great and marvelous im- provements in machinery then in use in the old world had reached the ears of the dwellers in the forests of America, and they began a quest after the strange automatons that to their imaginations contained the potentialty of so nnich wealth and happiness for all the human family. Experiments were made with machines by nian\' men in man\ jilaces on this continent, but the glory and honor was reserved for Pawtucket of being the scene where modern mechanical industry in America was started on its career by the successful introduc- tion of cotton spinning and the preparatory pro- cesses by Samuel Slater in 1790. The cotton spinning machines were the first of that won- derful series of mechanical inventions, which inaugurated the present indu.strial era, and the first to bring about on a large scale the factory sj-.stem in place of the domestic or household sy.stem of production. Pawtucket was selected because of its ea.silj- utilized water power. Thus the same factor which made the locality the best available site for the pioneer iron-worker, whose industry was so necessary in the beginning of civilized occupancy of the land, made it also the most desirable site for the new manufacture. The second scene in the history of Paw- MATHANIEL JENKS' HOUSE. EAST END. IT STOOD ON THE WEST SIDE OF NORTH MAIN, NEAR EXCHANGE STREET. ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. tucket occiinx-d in the- little Imililing overlook- ing the falls on the Rhode Island side, where Slater, with the aid of David Wilkinson, Sylva- nus Brown, and other mechanics, put the cotton spinning machinery in motion. Under his capa- ble direction the business increased, he and his associates built mills on both sides of the river ; the younger mechanics in the place, David Wil- kinson and others, began the construction of cotton machinery ; the mills and machine shops became in effect technical schools, in which were trained the men who went forth to carry the new industry into all parts of the country. As an effect, Pawtucket increased in population and gradually Viecame a town, in the sense of being a compact connnunity, in place of a .straggling village. By the building of the factories on both sides of the stream, the two communities became to a greater extent than ever before one place industrially and .socially, although for many years longer they were destined to remain apart politically. Pawtucket as a self-conscious community dates from the introduction of cotton spinning. Previous to that time it had no di.stinct existence as a separate community, but was only consid- ered or thought of as a district of the two towns of which it respectively formed a part. Since that ]ieriod it has gone on develojiing as a dis- tinct social anil industrial entity, its separate interests and the coherence of its parts Ijecoming more pronounced, tintil the two communities became one politically in 1874. In 1885 the form of government was changed from a town to a cit>-. The following pages are devoted to a narra- tive of this development, containing an account of the first settlements, the men who ha\e con- tributed to the upbuilding of the community, the new industrial system, the state of society resulting therefrom, and the position and rela- tion of Pawtucket thereto, together with an account in detail of the modern cit>', with its various municipal improvements, educational advantages, transportation facilities, commerce, art, literature, religion, politics, societies, and in general the multiform phases of life which go to make up the sum of existence of a modern municipality. CHAPTER I. PHYSICAL CnARACTKRISTICS-TIII' RIVl'.R— WILLIAM BLACKSTOXK— THK ABORICIXRS. BLACKSTONE MONUMENT, Ifi cit>- of Pawtucket lies on both sides of the Blackstone river at the head of the Paw- tucket* river, a beau- tiful and navigable tidal liasiu about four and one-half miles in length, and from a quarter to half a mile wide, which unites '"°'"'°*'"^' with Xarragansett Bay at Providence Harbor. The Blackstone river joins the Pawtucket by a plunge over an irregular mass of rock, forming not one dis- tinct fall over a perpendicular precipice, but rather a group of falls, presenting various faces. B}' the con.struction of dams, and the filling in of spaces between the rocks, the scene has been rendered much more connnon- place than it was originall}-. In early times, before the water power was utilized to any great extent, the falls presented a picturesque combination, the water flowing over the pro- jecting and jagged faces of an innnense ledge of rocks, and their aspect varied con.stantly accord- *This tiilal river is named Pawtucket on the V. S. Government maps, and by the inhabitants of Paw- tucket ; but on State maps and on those of the City of Providence it is given as Seekonk. ing to the season of the year and the volume of water.* Except at times of freshet, or in winter when coated with ice, the character of the falls, with their projecting rocks, made the passage of the ri\-er at this point easy. The rocks afforded a means of crossing the stream, and as a conse- quence the Indian paths converged at the falls. Immediately below the falls was a deep pool, but a little farther down the water was usually shallow enough to wade acrosfi, especially when thetiile wasout. In the natural order of events the white men utilized these already clearly defined trails, and as intercourse between the colonies and the various scattered settlements increased these paths eventually became main traveled roads. Such was the history of the way to the falls. It was on the direct road from Boston to Providence, and thence to Hartford and New York, and very .soon the natural means of cross- ing the river were supplemented li>- a bridge, one of the earliest in the countrw The falls have always been the nucleus or gathering point of the immediate vicinage on both sides of the .stream, and they are the centre around which the present community clusters. They may indeed be said to be the phj-sical ♦Benedict's Reminiscences, No. 19, Pawt. Gazette and Chronicle, July '2i), 1853. 14 ILLUvSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. heart of the iieii;hl)orhood, cis they furnished origiiiall}- the motive power for the forge of the first settler, and have ever since been harnessed in the service of man. In fact, people settled here anil the place developed into a community because the river could so readily and effect- uallv be jiut to work. Including the territory in the new city of Central Falls, at the northwest of Pawtucket, the area of the indu.strial community which is one in business interests and social ties and which is dominated by Pawtucket, is about twelve square miles, and the Blackstone river divides it into two nearly equal sections, each about three miles long by two wide. The river flows east along the northern limits of Central Falls, and then turning sharply to the south passes in an almost straight cour.se of about two miles, between high banks, first between Central Falls and Paw^tucket, then bisects Pawtucket, finally plunging' over the falls into the Seekonk, which in the first part of its course is within the limits of Pawtucket. The lower falls were originally only the final links in a chain of cataracts. The water in the Valley Falls pond, as that portion of the river north of Central F'alls is now called, is about fifty feet above tide le\-el. It flowed out of that basin over a ra]iids, now utilized as a water power at X'ailey I'alls. A mile further down, at Central Falls, it passed over a ledge of rock now also utilized as a waterpower by the con.struction of dams. In this part of its course the river descends over twenty-five feet, and at the lower or main falls about an equal distance, accom- plishing this descent of fifty feet in the two miles from the Valley Falls pond, by three separate steps. The history of these rapids or falls has been ])reserved in the names of the places. Valley F'alls, Central Falls, and Pawtucket Falls. Probably the name Pawtucket applied originally to the three falls with an especial reference to the main cataract. This assumj)- tion is rendered probable b>- the claim that the word Pawtucket* means in the language of the Indians, a waterfall place, or the region of waterfalls, and certainly the territory- now occu- pied by the two cities of Pawtucket and Central Falls merits such a designation to a greater degree than any other locality in Rhode Island. On the east side, the river banks are uni- formly high and steep, rising quite abru]itl\- from fifteen to thirt\- feet. The territory is in general flat, in some parts slightly undulating and the soil is sandy and comparatively sterile. This por- tion of Pawtucket is bounded on the east by a small stream, the Ten Mile river, which unites with the Seekonk about two miles below the falls. The west side has more diversified physical characteristics than the east side. At the south and west there is a considerable extent of level land : but the greater portion of the section, constituting the watershed between the Black- stone and the Moshassuck rivers, the latter at present an insignificant stream, rises in some places into a high ridge, on the highest points of which are outcroping ledges. The land .slopes li>' a grailual descent to the valley of the Moshassuck, but the banks of the Blackstone are in most places high, although in both direc- tions from the falls a low tract inter\-enes between the river and the central ridge. Prob- ably this low lying land is what constituted the " Fields at Pawtucket " in the first Indian deed, and certainly this configuration of the western river bank, made the first establishing of the forge of Joseph Jenks possible and facilitated the original cotton manufacture. The Black.stone river rises in the vState of ♦Trumbull's Indian Names in Connecticut, p. 49 ; also see R. I. State Census, 1885, p. 40. WILLIAM BLACKSTOXE. 15 Massachusetts about teu Hiik-s uorth of Wor- cester, aud flows in a southeasterly directiou, entering Rhode Island at the northeast. Al- though comparatively an insignificant stream, in every portion of its course it is utilized to drive mill wheels, its banks are dotted with a succes- sion of towns and villages, and it has probably been made to work in the ser\-ice of man, like a fabled giant, more than any other river of its size in the country. The river is named in honor of William Blackstone, or Blaxton, an English clergyman, the first white settler in Rhode Island of which any record exists. He has also the unique dis- tinction of being the fir.st white settler on the peninsula of Shawmut, where the city of Boston now stands. He is sup- posed to have settled there as early as 1623,* for before the arrival of the Puritans in 1630 he had brought an orchard to maturity. At his invi- tation, Winthropand his people crossed the stream from their first habitation at Charle.stown and settled at vShawmut. It has been claimed that the new comers at fir.st dis- puted Blackstone 's right to the territory on the plea that they had a grant from the king of England but he is said to have answered that a title based on occupancy was superior to one resting on the king's asserted .so\-ereignity, which had no other foundation than the fact that John and Sebastian Cabot had sailed along the coast. Tlie Puritans finally recognized his right to at least a ])ortion of the territory, set off to him 50 acres — where his house and orchard stood — and admitted him a freeman. May iS, 1 63 1, before that right was restricted to church members. Although an ordained minister of the I{stablished Church of England, Blackstone had become an extreme independent, with a *In a manuscript note to an address on " Black- stone " delivered at Lonsdale, July 4, 185.5, by S. C. Newman, it is said that Blackstone came to America with Gorijes expedition in 1623. This note was w ritten and signed by Mr. Newman himself. FOOT OF BROADWAY IN 1825. THEN KNOWN AS THE BOSTON TURNPIKE. belief in freedom of conscience and a dislike to religious forms and ceremonies. The intoler- ance of the Puritans evidenth- irritated him, for in 1634 he sold a large part of his land for ^30 and ventured forth into the wilderness in search of a new abode. Tradition reports him to have said in explanation of his course, " I came from England because I did not like the Lord- Bi.sh ops, but I cannot join with you because I would not be under the Lord-Brethren." i6 ILLX'STRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. In tlie spring of 1635 he settled at a place the Indians called Wawepoonseag, and erected his house near where the Lonsdale railroad station now stands in the town of Cumberland, and on the banks of the river which now bears his name. Near his house was a steep hill rising to the height of seventy feet, which he called " vStudy Hill" and his house " Study Hall." Here he lived for forty years, but not alone, as the records of Bo.ston show that he was married to Sarah vSteven.son, widow, on July 4th, 1659, by Governor John lindicott. His wife tlied in the middle of June, 1673, and he sunived her nearly two years, dying at Study Hall, May 26th, 1675, a short time before the outbreak of King Philip's war, during which his house and library were burned. His remains were disinterred* May 6, 1886, and reburied near their original resting place, the .spot now being marked by a monument erected b)^ the Lon.sdale Company in 1886, in the yard of the Ann and Hope Mill. The General Assembly of the Rhode Island Colony in 1668, in answer to Blackstone's peti- tion, took measures to protect him from molesta- tion and to prevent encroachments on his land. The Providence town records, under date of June 27, 1671, refer to " Mr. Blackstone's river," which is the earlie.st use of the name known, although after that period the lower part, at and below the falls, was usually called the Pawtucket. Robert Williams sold to Wil- liam Blackstone in 1650, sixtj- acres of upland, near the second wading placet above Paw- tucket falls. Mr. Blackstone was a friend of Roger Williams. He occasionally came to Providence to preach, bringing with him apples for the children from his orchard — the only one *R. I. State Census, 1885, p. 3-t. tProvidence Town Recortls, vol. 2, p. 9. in the colony — and riding on a tame white bull.* He left one son, John, who is reported to have removed to near New Haven, Conn., where his descendants are said to have mani- fested the love of solitude that characterized their noted ancestor.! The geological formation at Pawtucket and vicinity presents sonre novel and unusual fea- tures. Recently the theory has been advanced that the Blackstone River, in pre-glacial times, instead of following its present channel over the falls from the Valley Falls pond, came down from what is now Lonsdale in a mighty stream, through the jaresent Scott's pond and the valley of the Mo.shassuck into tide water at Providence. The physical evidences of this theory* are very conclusive. The present valley of the Moshassuck river from Saylesville to the city of Providence can only be accounted for by the presence in remote geologic times of a large river ; but the existing stream, with the sources of supply it now has, or its possible sources above vSaylesville, could not have prodticed the erosion of this great valle}-, the largest in the immediate region. When the great ice cap, that once encroached on the face of the coun- try on the North Atlantic seaboard, began to dwindle away, the sand and boulders brought down from the northern mountain slopes, were deposited as the}" chanced to lie in the ice, form- ing the moraines at the ends of points of land and elevations and depressions on the levels. The ridge of land between Valley Falls pond and Scott's pond is formed of this sort of material. It was probabh" deposited as the glacier receded, and became a great natural *Hist. of Prov., by Gov. S. Hopkins. tHist. of Rehoboth, p. 13. JLecture before the Franklin Societ)-, Provi- dence, by David W. Hoyt, Oct. 29, 1895, on "The Pre-glacial Blackstone River." THE BLACKSTONE RIVER. dam lor the waters of the river. With the continued melt- ing of the ice the water increased con- stantly in volume, and fiuiling no out- let through its pre- glacial channel, fin- ally worketl its wax- down its present course over the rap- ids and the falls. The old channel was an almost straight course to Provi- dence, Init the pres- ent channel makes an abrupt bend to the east, before it turns again to the south in its search for the sea. Scott's pond, when the Blackstone canal was constructed in 1825, was converted with the connecting body of water above, known as Cran- berry pond, two feet above its level, into a series of locks connecting the Moshassuck val- ley with the Blackstone valley. When the canal was discontinued these locks became the present pond, the water rising to the level of the highest lock, seventeen feet above the orig- inal Scott's pond and fifteen feet above Cran- berry pond, on same kn-el as the river above Lon.sdale. This bodj' of water is now a storage reservoir and the waters of the lower pond cover the banks and channel of the old canal. It has no known outlet or source of supply except the Blackstone river. The fact that the Blackstone canal utilized the Moshassuck river and Scott's and Cran- berry ponds toreach the Black.stone river, because they were on the lines of lea.st resistance, is strong prestimptive e\-idence of the fact that PLEASANT STREET AND THE TOWN LANDING IN 1630. this was the old river channel. Another cor- roborative fact is, that large quantities of water are obtained 1)\- dri\-en wells from the bed of the old channel at vSajlesville, and in Providence at the Silver vSpring Bleachery. Probably the water forced b\' the great head it has at Scott's pond, fifteen feet above the waters of the pond at Saylesville in the inunediate vicinity, forces its way subterranouslj- through the loose gravel of the ancient riverbed ; and, although probably in no sense forming an underground river, yet it percolates in sufficient quantities to form a large stream. No other theory so fittingly- explains wh\- such large ([uantities of water can be obtained b\- such wells from the strata above bed rock. When Roger Williams and his associates .set- tled at Providence in 1 6,^6, the land the\' chiefly desired was that which was suitable for cidti\'a- tion or the jiaslming of cattle. In the original deed* from the Indian chiefs the "meadows *See chapter L', pp. _.'> and L'(i. ILLl'STRATKl) HISTORY OF PAWTT'CKET. upon the two rivers" were cspeciiilly men- tioiitd ; ami in the memorandum to tliis deed Miantonomi ;; ranted the use ol the natural " meadows " up the streams of Pawtucket and Pawtuxet without limit " for the use of cattle." The northern 1)ounds of the territory that, by the language of this deed, seems to have been purchased outright was " the river and fields at Pawtucket" four miles from the infant .settle- ment at Providence. This is the first mention of Pawtucket in history, and reference is un- doubtedly had to the region and neighborhood of the falls on the west side. The appearance and character of the sur- roundings at the falls did not attract the first settlers of Providence. Such meadows as existed near the river were not easih' access- ible ; the banks of the stream were high, pre- cipituous, and covered with forests ; in the vicinity were many outcroping ledges ; and in general the whole neighborhood was wild, bleak and barren, but at the same time it was picturesque and had man\' charms of natural beauty of scenery. The pioneers, however, were not looking for beautiful landscapes : they were utilitarians, and sought to accomplish the tasks of creating homes and obtaining subsistence with the least possible exertion and in the most accessible places. The vicinity of the falls did not offer them the inducements in these respects that other regions did, and con.sequently for nearly the first half century of the hi.story of Providence, Pawtucket falls was simply a notable lantlmark, the northern boundary of the town and colony. As an evidence of the value w-hich the first inhabitants of Providence placed upon the land near the falls, a document* dated loth day, yth month, 1646, and signed by Roger Williams, •.\nnals of Prov., p. .5{)(j ; R. I. Col. Rec, vol. 1, p. Xi. Robert Williams, Oregory Dexter and Tlio. Olne\', furnishes good and amusing testimony. They narrate in this paper how they had on their own and the town's behalf negotiated with Ousameijuin (Massasoit) for the purpose of buying his right to land between the town liniils "at Pawtucket and an Indian Plantation northwest from thence, Lo<|uas([uscil." The\- sa\' the land " was upland, anil mf)st of it liarren and rocky." Massasoit's title to it, in their ojiin- ion, was clouded, as he had been subject to the Narragansetts at the time of the first inirchase by Roger Williams, which gave the right of pasturage on this land ; but as he had been released from his subjection to the Narragan- setts it was thought best to Ijuy out his claim. He played fast and loose with the four conunis- sioners. They paitl him ten fathoms of white wampum, four coats of luiglish cloth, eight kni\-es, one hoe, and promised to deliver five more hoes and four knives or hatchets, which he agreed was satisfactory. After sleeping on this bargain he demanded first, two coats more, which was agreed to. Next morning he wanted four coats in addition, and also desired to buy shot : but the four commi.ssioners would not countenance such extortion, especially as they hatl already gi\'en other gratuities to suliordi- nates of the chief, and had spent in all " about fort\' fathoms of wampum." The Indian sachem brought out the moneys and goods and wanted to return them when his further demands were not acceded to, but the white men woidd net accept them. They reported that the\' "were not willing to wrong our country in granting his desire of four coats, and so unreasonably to raise the i)rice of such parcels of land in this barbarous wilderness." The}' concluded by claiming that as Ousamequin had received these goods and moneys "the said land, according to a fair and righteous bargain, belongs to the town THE INDIANS AT PAWTUCKl^T FALLS. 19 of P r o \- i d e n c e . " Without any doubt the territory thus secured was in the present boiuuls of Pawtucket, Central I-'alls and Lincohi, as the description of its physical char- acter and its loca- tion tallies substan- tially with the coun- try at present. Thus the title to at least a portion of the ground on which the community now lives passed to the whites from the Indians. The \-inage fathers at Pro\-idence, during the first half centur\- of the history of their little settlement, undoubledh- hunted in the woods in the neighborhood or fished in the waters at Pawtucket falls. These sports in those times and circumstances were rather of the nature of necessary occupations. That the settlers valued the opportunities for fishing* is evident from the vote of the town meeting in the spring of 167S to set apart a common at the falls for free fish- ing and la>- out a higlnva\- leading to it. The land owners, Joseph Jenks and Gregory Dexter, were to be recompensed for any land that might be taken in carr>-ing out these objects. According to tradition the falls were a favorite resort of the Indians at certain .seasons. Here the>' came to fish, and ]irinci]xilly to cap- ture the lordly salmon, which in its annual migrations found the foaming rapids of the waterfall no insurmountable obstacle to its pil- •I'rov. Town Records, vol. .H, pp. •_>'), I'S. PAWTUCKET FALLS EARLY IN THE CENTURY. grimage up and down the stream. Vet because the falls were an obstruction, the salmon, as well as the smaller fish, were forced at times t(.) con- gregate in great nund)ers in the pools at the foot of the rapids ; and here, in the days before the coming of the white men, no doubt the red men enjoyed rare sport. A much larger Indian jiopulation is, with good reason, believed to have dwelt in the woods and along the streams and shores of New Kng- land a few years before than was found in existence when the first white settlements were made. The early chroniclers among the English settlers report that the Indians them- selves told of a great ])lague which had carrieil off man>- of their people. In their palmy days, before this decrease in their numbers occurred, Avliat scenes the Pawtucket falls may ha\'e wit- nessed ^ In the spring and early summer, the steep slopes were doiditless dotted with the wigwams of the majority of the principal tribe or tribes in the \-icinit.\-. When the fish were running e\er\- man and boy could find work or sport enough in endeavoring with their ]irimi- ILLUvSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKRT. live iiR-thods and appliances to capture the swift darting denizens of the water. Probably spear- ing from canoes, from the shore by wading, and other wa>s, were ijracticed. What rejoicing there must have been in the temporary homes on the hillsides when the catch proved large ?* Then the children of the forest conld get a full meal, something, if the accounts of their \isitors and those who dwelt among them temporarily, were correct, they were not always certain of. The gathering.s at Pawtucket falls must ha\-e been gala occasions. Here was the red man's watering place, where he emerged from his winter lethargy, or state of lying dormant, and renewed his energ\- by a supply of food direct from the bosom of nature. Here, undoubtcdlN', peace and war were determined upon ; and in the neighboring woods councils of the various tribes of the vicinity ma}- have been held, and negotiations carried on around the camp fires. Diiinestic Hie such as existed among this primitive people also undoubtedly found expres- sion here on these occasions, and idyls as romantic as any that have since been the experi- ence of the more capable and happier race that have ,supplanted them, were no doubt experi- enced by the Indian youths and maidens. The leading Indian tribe which the settlers of Providence found in the land was the Narragan- setts, who controlled all the country around the bay to which they have given their name. Their jurisdiction extended over the present territory of Rhode Island, the i.slands in Narra- gan.sett Bay, and over large sections of Massa- chusetts and Connecticut. Manv sub-tribes w-ere subject to them, so that they constituted •EiUvanl Winslow and vStephen Hopkins, of I'lyniouth, visited Massasoit in 1621, when for several days hardly anything to eat was furnished, as it turned out because the Indians had no food on hand them- selves. Picturesque, R. I., p. !I4. the beginnings of a nation. The W'ampanoags, with their sachem Massasoit, on the east side of the bay, was one of these subject tribes, and had come under the dominion of the Narragansetts, it is supposed, only a short time before the arrival of the Pilgrims in 1620. This extension of the power of the Narragansetts was said to be due to the fact that the great pestilence* had reduced the number of the Wampanoags and their allies, while it had not affected the Narra- gansetts, and as a result the former tribe was greatly decimated and fell an easy prey to the latter. Another explanation of the supremacy of the Narragansetts was that Tashtassuck, the grandfather of one of the rtiling sachems at the time of the advent of the whites, had conquered all the surrounding tribes. t The principle village of the Narragan.setts was in the southwestern part of the present Rhode Island territory, in either North or South Kingstown, and this section is known locally even to this day as the Narragan- sett country. The tribe at this period had two chiefs or sachems, Canonicus and Miantonomi, uncle and nephew, who ruled conjoint!)'. Massasoit had always resented the stibjec- tioii of his people to the Narragansetts, and soon after the Pilgrims arrived at Plymouth he effected an alliance with them which enabled him to throw off his allegiance.! The old deeds contain various references to this state of affairs. The Narragan.setts sent a handful of arrows, tied with a snakeskinS — a declaration of war — at the time this treaty of the Wampan- oags with the Plymouth people was made, but they did not follow it up with actual hostilities. To account for this forbearance the opinion has *Annals of Prov., pp. li, 1^ tAnnals of Prov., p. I'J. t.Annals of Prov., p. 18. §.-\nnals of Prov., p. 19. IXDIAN MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. been expressed that tlie\- had lost their warlike prowess which two generations before had enabled them to conquer their neiglibors. The tribe to the west and south was the Pecjuods, a warlike race, and at this time their sachem, Sassacus, proposed an alliance against the white men, for the purpose of dri\-ing them out of the The Indian people cultivated the soil in a ]irimitive way, raised maize, beans, and other xeg-etables, but they had no domestic animals. 'I'heir manufactures were few and rude. The\- did not untlerstand the working of metals, and their weapons and tools were of fiint and bone. Their clothing was chieflx' the skins of animals, THE OLD SLATER MILL AT PRESENT. country, but the Narragansetts were unwilling to go to war. During tlie.se negotiations between the two trilies Roger Williams arrixx-d ojipor- tunel\', and b>- his influence prevented the Pequods from jiersuatling the Narragansetts to take up arms.* •Annals of Frov. although they evidently knew how to make some kind of cloth. They dwelt in tents nunle of skins or mats stretched over poles .set in the earth and converging at the top. These were known as tepees or wigwams. They sometimes had more jiermanent houses constructed of bark and brush, and some traditi- were doomed to vanish whether war had come or not. War, however, did come at various times, but it did not .strike Providence until 1673, when I'liibi), the son of Massasoit, after long brooding over what he conceived to be the wrongs of his people, entered upon a contest which resulted in a speedier dispossession of the red men tlian would otherwise have taken ])lace. During this war over six hundred houses were burned, some of the settlements were completelv de.stro\'ed and many others partially. Among the latter was Providence In the end the Indians were thoroughly subilueil and practically wiped out. The Narragansetts as a nation had ceased to be, as a result of the great Swamp Fight, December, 1675. The defeat of King Philip the next year gave peace to the land, and e.stablished the supremacy of the English coloni.sts. The Indians had been goaded to resistance l)y the gradual ap])ropriatiou of their land and their inabilit\- to cojie with the white men in trade and bargaining. The Providence and other Rhode Island colonists were not aggres- sors in the.se respects to as great an extent as their neighbors. None of the Indian wars origi- nated in their borders, but ue\ertheless their settlements were de\-astated, although to a less extent than adjoining colonies. The regard in which the Indians held Roger Williams was a tower of strength and a means of defence for the ])eople of I'rovidence. vSome of the ]irinciple e\-ents of King Philip's war occmred in the extensive territory of Rehoboth. Here the first Engli.sh blood was shed. When Philip with a few followers was fleeing from the junsuing warriors of Massachu- setts ami Plymouth in July, i67,s, he and his piarty were pursued across Seekonk plain liy the Rehoboth men and a few friendly Indians, headed by the Rev. Noah Newman, and some of Philip's Indians were killed without any loss to the settlers or their allies. " Pierce's Fight," the most disastrous engagement of the war on the part of the colonists, occurretl March 26, 1676, on the east side of the ri\-er, within or near the present limits of Pawtucket. Captain Michael Pierce of Scituate, Mass., with sixt\- three Ivnglishmeu and twent\- Indians from Cape Cod, in pursuing a botly of Indians were led into an andmscade, and over fifty English- men and more than half of the friendly Indians were slain, while the opposing force is supposed to luu-e lost nearl\- three times that nundier. The location of this fi,ght is not definitel\- known, l)Ut tradition places it near the mouth of the Abbott Run, not far from \'alley Falls. Two days after this event tlie Indians burned the settlement of Rehoboth.* ^-History of Rrli.ilioUi. pp. 7'J, IKi. CHAl'TKR II. THK ACOriSITIOX OI' Till-; I.AXli founding: of Providence l)v COLLYER MONUMENT. ^^B ^o/ Roger Williams is ^^V "" many respects the most ^f interesting and nnicjue ^J^^ occurrence in the history of the establishing of English colonies in the New World. As the stor>- has lieen told, it combines some of the features of the old Greek tales of adventure with the strange spectacle of an experiment in civil government on substantially new lines. With this realized epic of modern times the com- munity on the Blackstone at Pawtucket and Central P'alls has an abiding and vital con- nection, as it is one of the principal descend- ants of that first settlement which carried out to success the "lively experiment" inaug- urated so well by Roger Williams and his associates. Pride in an honorable ancestry of good blood, clean lives and noble actions, is justifiable and praiseworthx', and is an incentive to proper ambitions. In a similar way a com- munity may be proud of its origin. The people of Pawtucket and Central Falls, in common with those of sister connnunities, can look back to the first settlement, and in considering its story recei\-e an inspiration that may culminate in the growth and development of their own social organism along the be.st lines. In the year 1631, Roger Williams, a young luiglish clergyman, arri\-ed in the Massachusetts I>ay Colony, and settled in the town of Salem, where he became assistant pastor of the church. The ]ilace of his birth, whether in P^ngland or Wales, the details of his early life, where he was educated, and various other points of his history, have been subjects of controvers}-. It is, however, certain that he had received a universit}- education, and was ])robably a gradu- ate of Cambridge. He had influential friends and family connections, and without douljt was possessed of some ])roi)erty. At the time of his arri\-al in Boston he was Ijetween 25 and j^o years of age. After his college course he became a minister of the church of England, but changes in his views and objections to the methods in vogue, induced him to become a dissenter, and as a consequence to emigrate to Xevv England, where he thought he would find room for his new opinions. He, however, soon discovered that pronounced opinions created trouble for their possessor in America as in Eur()])e, and becau.se of differences thereby engendered he onl\- staved some months at •Salem. He then went to PIxiuoulh, where he was a pastor for two years. 24 ILTvIK'^TRATED HISTORY OF PAWTlCKET. Ill Uk- lull (il I ''34 he rcliiriitil to his first charge in Salem. By that time he had become a marked man. The colonial officials at Boston considered that he ])reached "new and danger- ons opinions against the anth(.)rit>- of the magis- trates," and tlie\- kept close watch o\er him. The ruling elders of the Massachu.setts Bay theocracy evidently considered him a dangerous man, for his doctrine was substantially that the State had no right to coerce in matters of thought and religion, and should iwt interfere with actions that did not contravene the equal liberty of all. He also enunciated the opinion, both at Plymouth and Salem, that only from the Indians could a valid title to the land be obtained. As a result of the continued advocacy of these and other views, which were directly opposed to the policy of the rulers of the Massachusetts colony, a bitter antagonism to him was engendered, which culminated in a sentence of banishment October 9, 1635. To avoid forcible deportation in a vessel about to sail for England, he fled in Jaiiuar\', 163C1, to the wilderness, where he wandered and lodged with the Indians for four- teen weeks. About the first of May, 1636, he was joined l)y William Harris, John Smith, Joshua Verin, Thomas Angell and Francis Wickes, and a settlement was begun on the east bank of the Seekonk river, within the present limits of I{ast Providence and but a .short di.stance beyond the existing eastern boundary of Pawtucket. The land was obtained as a grant from the sachem of the W'ampanoags, Massasoit, whose home was on Narragansett Bay at .Sowams, where the town oi Warren now is. The pioneers had not fini.shed building .shelters, clearing the ground and planting a crop, when Roger Williams received a letter from his friend, Governor WMns- low of Plymouth, notifying him that the new settlement was within the ' ' bounds ' ' of that coloin-, and suggesting a removal for ])rndential reasons to some location beyond its juri.sdiction. At once it was decided to seek a place far enough awa>- in the wilderness to be outsiile the territorial limits of either Puritan or Pilgrim, luirlx' in June, I-ioger Williams and his five asso- ciates embarked in a canoe, paddled down the Seekonk, through the present Providence har- bor and up the Providence river until they reached the mouth of the Mosshassuck ri\-er, where, on the northeast shore of the cove formed by the union of the two "clear" rivers with tide water, they picked out a sjiot close b\' a running spring, for a settlement. Believing, with the deep religious faith that was so conspic- uous an element of his character, that he had been divinel>' directed in making this selection, Roger Williams named the place " Providence." The settlement at Providence has been usu- ally spoken of as the result of a hap-hazard selec- tion forced upon Roger \A'iniams and his associates by the necessit>" of Iea\'ing their first location at Seekonk. The legendar\- story about the \-oyage down the one ri\-er and tip the other in quest of a home, and of the greeting by the Indians at What Cheer Rock is partly responsible for this impression. Yet no circumstances in the whole career of Roger Williams more clearly .show his atlmirable foresight, and excellent management, than those connected with the jnirchase of the land of Providence. While he was )et the min- ister of the church at Plymouth he began nego- tiations for the purchase of the territory and completed the bargain during the first part of the second period of his ministry at Salem.* During his residence at Plymouth he learned the Indian language, formed friend.ships with the chiefs, and without iloubt in their company explored the territor}- which subsequently be- *See Williams's letter to town of Providence, Dec, 6. 1601, Annals of Prov., pp. 30-3:2. Till': IT RC HA SIC OF P R ()\' I I) !•: NC K P I, A X TA T I ( ) X S. 25 caniL- PnnidL-ncL'. This action on his part proves that the project of forming an independ- ent settlement had for years been in his mind, and that he \er\- earl\- in Iiis life in Xew lui^land began to shape his plans with that end in view. His object in busing land in the wilderness was, in his own words, to provide " a shelter for persons distressed for conscience," and he informed his immediate friends of his purchase and its object. The fact that his intentions were known and that previous arrangements had been made to found a settlement, is proved b\- the rende7.\-ous at vSeekonk, and the increase in the number of the pioneers as soon as a definite location was secured at Providence. Every- thing evidently had l)een plaiuied. Roger Williams bought, probabl>' in 1635, by a ver- bal bargain from Canonicus and Miantonomi, the two chief sachems of the Xarra- gansetts, the land that at present forms the territory of the city of Providence, por- tions of the towns of Cranston and Johnston, Central Falls and the west portion of Paw- tucket. This purchase was confirmed b>' a deed signed b\' the two chiefs, March 24, 1637. which also more exacth defined the limits of the terri- tory than the verbal agree- ment probal)h' had. The ' ' bounds of those lands ' ' as then given are still easily dis- cernible as they were and are well known natural landmarks. They were, in the Ian guage of the deed itself, "from the river and fields of Pawtucket. the great hill of Xeotacon- konit on the northwest and the town of Mashapauge on the west," and including the "lands and meadows upon the two fresh water rivers called Mooshashausic and Wana.squa- tucket," l\ing between these limits. A territor\- with quite definite outlines to the north and south was thus granted, but to the westward it was not bounded. The appendix to the deed itself, known as the confirmation from Miantonomi, was of the nature of a definition of the territory westward, in that it granted the use of the land uji both the streams of Pawtuxet and Pawtucket for the feeding of cattle. Practically this addition to the deed made the limit of the X'arragansett purchase, or Providence Plantations as the land was now called, from the Pawtuxet to the Paw- SLATER'b FIRST RESIDENCE AS IT NOW APPEARS AT 69 NORTH MAIN ST. tucket rivers, and extending westward and northward indefinilel\ . The ]iortion nearer to the .settlement and which was within the definite limits of the original deed, seems to have been regarded as their estates in fee simjjle b_\- the 26 1 1, LUST rati: I) HISTORY np pawtuckkt. seltlers, liiil in the (uUhiiii; rei^ions 1)L-t\vcen and aloni; Ihc rivers they at first evidently had (inly a rii;ht ol iiasturage. Suhst-iiuenlly, as the settlement increased, these sections were grad- ually ac(|nired hy treaties with the Indian sachems and h>- direct pa>-ments or gratuities to Indian occujjiers. A \ery interesting fact in connection with this original deed — the foundation of all land titles in Providence and its offshoots — is that the last part as entered on the tnwn records is not found in the document itself, which is still in exi.stence in a mutilated condition. The claim has been made, and on what seems to Ije the best of evidence, that this sentence was a forg- ery,* inserted by some of the Pawtuxet pur- chasers. Judge Staples in his " Annals of Provi- dence" called attention to the fact that this sentence which grants the "land from those ri\-ers reaching to Pawtuxet river, as also the grass and meadows upon Pawtuxet river, ' ' is inconsistent with the other portions of the deed. Without this sentence, the deed is com- plete, and gives jurisdiction between the two large rivers, absolute possession of the land and meadows on the two smaller rivers in the inmiediate vicinity of the settlement, and a connnon right of pasturage up the two large rivers. The portion claimed to be a forgery purports to be an absolute title to the territorx- on the Pawtuxet ri\'er, and certainh- would not require such an amendment as the confirmation of Miantonomi which only granted the u.se of the land along the ri\-er. Tl is not surprising that this first deed should be vague in some particulars. The wonder is that it is as definite as it is. The fact is clear, that as a result of his negotiations with the Indian chiefs, Roger Williams secured the title ''Book Notes, Nov. 20, 1895. to the territory thus tlefined, with undefined rights extending westward and northward, and embracing a large portinn ol what subsecpientl\- became the northern hall of the ])resent State of Rhode I.sland. He con\-e>ed, October .s, 163S, for the sum of /,30, to twelve associates, equal rights in the territor\' with himself, with the power to add others "as the major part of us shall admit unto the same fellowship of \ote." These thirteen original proprietors* of Pro\'i- dence Plantations were Roger W illiams, Stukely Weslcott, William Arntjld, Thomas James, Rol.)ert Cole, John Greene, John Tlimckmorton, William Harris, William Carpenter, Thomas Olney, Francis Weston, Richard Waterman and Hzekiel Holliman. On the same date " the meadow ground at Pawtuxet liounding U]), ]>. IMi ; vol. 5, ji. I'lili. tAnnal of Providence, p. .581. CIIARACTI'R OF ROGKR WILLIAMS. Deeds were iibtuiiiL-il ill 1659 and iCidn from Uie Indian saclieins, snccessurs iil Canunicus ami Miantiinoini, connnnins; the nriginal i;raiits, and .giving jurisdiction for "twenty full miles* beginning to measure from a hill called I'ox's Hill, n])on a straight line running up into the country between I'awtucket and Pawtuxet ri\ers," with the understanding that the Indians li\ing on these lands were not to l>e forciblyt reiiio\ed, but that although such Iiiilians had no right to sell the land, it would " be lawful for them to receive some recompense for their remov- ing off " from the " Englishiiren of Providence or Pawtuxet." These deeds embodied the first precise definition of the western boundaryt of Provi- dence Plantations. It was voted at a town meeting, April 27, 1660, to run the line between the private estate of the Pawtuxet jinrchaser and the town jjurchase for twent\' miles we.st- ward from I-'ox Hill, but it was years liefore this line was run, and meanwhile a so-called-i se\en mile line (from Fox's Hill) was run, and from its terminus a line was run north into the Pawtucket river and south into the Paw- •Dccd of Caujaniquaiiiite, Prov. Town Rec, vol. .t, tDtcil of Caussuckiiuausli and NL-nekelah, Prov. Town Rec, vol. 5, p. 'MO; also deed of Scultape and Quequaganewett, Prov. Town Rec, vol. 0, p. iiOo. J.\ccordin,a; to the Providence Town Records, vol. 'J, p. 7"J, a settlenicnl of the controversy about land was attempted, at a quarter court, April "27, Hi"):!, by the application of "an instrument or soveraign plaster," which was simply a statement declaring against the division of the land for twenty miles westward to the Pawtuxet men. This document sets forth that the town limits were defined in the " town evidence," as, the first deed was called, and that soon after the settle- ment the "bounds" were "set" by Chad Browne, Hugh Bewit, Gregory Dexter and Will Wickenden, and were known to be the " the river and fields of Pa- tuckit, Sugar Loafe Hill, Bewit's Brow, Observation Rock, Absolute Swampe, Oxfoord and Hipses Rock." SProv. Town Rec. vol., li, p. 129. tuxet, and these were declared to be "the bounds of the town of Providence for the first division." The territory beyond this western boundary was to be subse(|uently disposed of as the town should see fit, title to it having been secured by the Indian deeds already drawn up. In these negotiations about land Roger Williams was the man of all others who could manage the Indians. On the otlier hand, he was constantlx- contending for fair dealing with the iiiMiniiiii^^ OLD CHIMNEY HOUSE OWNED BY PRESERVED ARNOLD. NEAR SAYLESVILLE. natives, restraining the aggressions of his a.sso- ciates, and pacifying their differences. He was not only a bold, broad and liberal thinker, as his enunciation of the doctrine of "soul libert> " or freedom of conscience demonstrated, but he was also a remarkably cajiable man of affairs, else he ne\er coukl ha\e succeeded in building up a peaceful community with freedom of opinion in 28 ILLUSTRATKl) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. j)ractic;il operation and church and stale thor- oughly distinct. This task appears all the greater, when the religious bitterness and con- tention ol the period is considered, and when the antagonism of the neighboring colonies, as well as the strongly marked indi\-idiialism of many of his associates, is taken into account. Although his writings and the story of his relations with his contemporaries show that he had an impetu- osity of expression, an impulsiveness in the utterance of his views, yet he had great wisdom and power of conciliation, as was clearly and grandlx- demonstrated by his management of the .settlement at Providence, his diplomacy, based on just dealing in treating with the Indians, and his public .sen-ices in England in securing the first charter, and in, time and again, averting Indian outbreaks. In fact Roger Williams was the greatest man of the Engli.sh colonists, in breadth of view, administrative ability and actual achievement. His personality looms up more conspicuously the longer the epoch is studied, and the influence of his teaching and of his work are more far reaching than that of an\' of his contemporaries. He had a great influence with the Indians, and the first deeds as well as all the successive ones were obtained through his exertions. Yet he did not retain any larger individual estate than an>- of his associates ; he made no selfish use of his oppor- tunities, but devoted his great talents, to the upbuilding of the community ; and although one of the proprietors of the Pawtuxet private estate, he resisted the claims of the other owners and upheld tho.se of the town. A large jiortion of the land now occupied by the city of Central I'"alls and the west side of the city of Pawtucket was without doubt included in the original purcha.se of the territory of Provi- dence. The expressimi in the deed itself is " the river and fields at Pawtucket," but whether this phraseology referred to the falls and their immediate neighborhood, or included the region bounded north and east by the ri\er and the Valley Falls pond, is a question that cannot now be definitely settled. One thing at lea.st is certain, that the southern part of this section was within the domain of Providence Plantations and that the neighborhood known as Pawtucket, was originally the northern limit of the colony : although in a few j-ears after the settlement the Ixninilary was placed eight miles u]) the river. Ten years after Providence had l)een founded, Ma.ssasoit claimed the land lying between Pawtucket and " Loquasquscit." This territory is probably now included in Pawtucket and Central Falls, and in the jiresent town of Lincoln, as it was described as "upland from the water, most of it barren and rock>- without meadow." Although the coloni.sts considered that they had a right of pa.sturage on this land, and that Massasoit's claim was doubtful, as the settlers' deeds were from the Narragansett chief- tains to whom he owed allegiance, yet, following the jieaceful ])lan ahva\'s pursued b\- Roger Williams, they offered Massasoit a jirice for the land, and in their opinion effected a legal and honorable sale although the sachem did not conclude the transaction. The title to the land of Pawtucket on the west and of Central Falls, thus comes from the first deed of the Indian sachems to Roger Williams ; and as a secondary title, the nego- tiation* with Massasoit by Roger Williams, Gregory Dexter, Robert Williams and Thomas Olney, is important, as showing that the found- ers of the first community desired ecpiity and fair dealing in all their transactions. I!\- these honorable methods was this part of the territory- secured. ♦Chapter 1, p. 18; also .Annals of I'rovidence, p. 'M(i. SETTLEMENT OF REHOBOTH. 29 The stor\- of the- acciuisilion of land and tlie first settlements on the east side of the river likewise shows the pluck and endurance of the pioneer English settlers. Roger Williams, as already related, first began his settlement in See- konk, as the Indians called that section of the country lying on the eastern shore of the Paw- tucket or vSeekoiik* river. Tie had obtained a verbal grant of the land from Massasoit, but when he learned from Gover- nor Winslow that the place was within the l)ounds of Plymouth, he proljably gave up all claim to the territorx'. About five years afterward, in 1641, Edward Winslow and John Brown, two of the jirin- cipal men of Plymouth, jnir- chasecl on behalf of that col- on\" from Massasoit a tract of land eight miles square,! em- bracing the territory now included in the towns of ICast Providence, R. I., vSeekonk and Rehoboth, Mass., por- tions of Barrington and Warren, and the east side ol Pawtucket.t The price paid was ten fathoms of wampum, worth at the time £2 \os. in English mone\', and in addi- tion the chief was presented with a coat. This transaction was carried on at Pmxidence in the *Tlie name Seekonk is said to mean in tlie Indian lanjiuajje black goose, and is supposed to have been applied to this region and the river from tlie fact that the neighborhood was a favorite resort for these wilil fowls. house of Roger Williams, who acted as inter- preter in the negotiations.* Winslow and Brown, at the direction of the Plymouth colon\- acted in this purchase as agents for a company of people then living at Weymouth and Hingham in the Massachusetts Bay colony, who migrated to this ])lace in the sjiring nl 1^144. The leader, or at least the man of most dislinc- lion among them was a minister, the Rew JOSHUA FISHER'S RESIDENCE, NOW LOCATED AT 39 SCHOOL ST. tit really about ten miles sipiare. tyuit Claim Deeil from King I'liili]), History of Rehoboth. p. 1)4. Samuel Xewman, a man of ability, character and learning, who comiiiled the first complete concordance of the Bible, which was published at Cambridge, England, in 1662. In effect, this exodus was the migration of a church, or a body of people who were agreed as to " rule and doc- trine," and unlike their neighbors across the ♦Note I'". Newman's Oration, " Rehoboth in tin the I'ast;" also History of Rehoboth, p. --"J. 30 ILLUSTRATIU) HISTORY OF PAW TUCKET. rixxT at I'lox-ideiice, were not prepared to receive an\- unclassified lieretic into tlieir borders. Vet tlie\- were not intolerant. The only instance, that of Obadiah I'.rown, where one of the towns- men suffered for his religious opinions, did not occur in Rehoboth but in P.oston, ami although some of the people of Rehoboth have been charged with in.stigating this persecution, yet the record of the minister and the church is free from this stain. ' Although at first thc\- were all memljers of one church, the settlers organized a civil gov- ernment similar to the other Rngli.sh towns in the wilderness. It was a denii)crac\', but it was also a theocracy, t as "the church iiisfnu /cd the town, and the town jirovided for the church : and for more than a century following seemetl to pro\-ide for the church as a part of itself." The .settlement was located at tlie south end of the level open land, then and now known as the Seekonk plain. The houses were arranged in a semi-circle, t facing the ri\-er, with the church in the centre, and the ])lace was nameil liy Mr. Newman, Rehoboth, from the fact that it was surrounded by broad spaces, and because as he also piously expressed it ' ' the Lord has opened a way for us."S From its form, the original settle- ment was in after years called " The Ring of the Town." The actual settlement was not made until 1644, when at least thirty men with their fam- ilies located here, and were followed soon after by others until about sixty families had taken up their abode. Although the territory had been granted to the Rehoboth settlers by the Plymouth colony, yet the new settlement seem.s to have been entireh- independent at first ; but *Newman's Oration, pp. 2.'), 20. tNewman's Oration, p. Ki. JNewman's Ora., p. Ki ; Hist, of RelKiliotU, p. o(i. §Genesi.s, xxiv : 22. in 1645, by decision of the conunissioners of the United Colonies, it was definitely placed under the jurisdiction of Plymouth.'' The original settlement — the Ring of the Town — is now within the limits of Ivist Pro\-i(lence, near the present ^■i^ages of Rumfonl and Fast Provi- dence Centre, and is onlj- a little o\-er a mile from the southern boundary of Pawtucket. A second purchase of land was made fnini the Indians, December 29, I'^.s, of a region called by the natives W'annanioiset, which in- cluded portions of the present towns of .Swansea and Barrington. The price jiaid was " /,'is .sterling, to be paid to them in various commodi- ties." John Brown, one of the leading towns- men agreed to pay this sum, and the newl\- acquired territory became a part of his e.statet King Philip, the son anil successor ot Mas- sasoit, signed a ([uit claim deed, dated March 30, 1668, acknowledging that his father had sold this territory, eight miles square, anil " the hundred acres l>iug on the south sitle of the l)()unds of Rehc)both," and had recei\'ed pay- ment therefor, anil Philip for himself and his heirs surrendered all claims in fa\-or of the selectmen and inhaliitants of the town of Reho- both, "as they are respecti\'ely concerned and estated therein." Although they had secured such an exten- sive territfjrx', the people of Rehoboth somi disco\-ered it was not as \-aluable as at first imagined. The Seekonk plain was liarren ground, and the Indians, because it was open laud, had before the coming of the whites, util- ized it b>' their primiti\-c methods of agriculturej and had partly exhau.sted such fertilit\' as it possessed. The settlers conseqnentl)- sought ♦History of Rehoboth, p. :U. tHistory .if Ri-holiotli, pp. 1 aii.l li.l JHistory of Woonsocket, p. 14. THE LIMITS OF RKHOBOTH. for iiiore tL-rlik- land and l)ctlei" j)asturage t(.)r cattle ; and to secure these the tinxii. «ith the consent of the Plymouth colony, anthor- izetl Captain Thomas Willetf- to ]iurchase more land from the In- dians. This he succcede. !i:!. John W. Davis's adilrcss at L'.'inih cele- seUk-ment of Rchoboth, Del. :.!, lSil4, ♦See chapter 1, p. 1? tC.ov. Davis's acldrcs KL-lu)lu.lh cck-hration, p. SCi. CHAPTER III. THIv I'lRST Sin'TI.KRS. No form o( bronze ;iiul no iiii'inorial stones Show me the place where lie his monlilerinj; bones Only a cheerful city stands, Buildetl by his hardened hands, Only ten thousand homes. Where every day the cheerful pla}' Of love and ho])e and courage comes. These are his nioiiunient and these alone. There is no form of lironze and no nienK)rial stone. Till'! first white man to htiikl a lionie at Pawtucket was J()se])li Jciiks. Jr., a skilled worker in iron and metals. He, no doubt, was induced to locate there because the water power was readih- awailable to drive his forge and saw mill antl the neighboring forests furnished abundant fuel. According to famil)' traditions he is said to have settled at Pawtucket in 1655, but no authentic evi- dence exists that he was there at such an early date, only nineteen years after the lie- ginning of the town of Providence. If he did come at that time he must have been so ]i<>(ir that he was oliliged to hire land, and there is no hint or trace of any such transaction on his ])art in an\- record or tradition. Indeed, at that ])eriod it woukl ha\'e been a \-ery nnlikeh' tiling fin- the Tubal Cain of Southern New England, with the capital already in the possession of his father at Lytni, to have become a tenant in the "barbarous wilderness" of Pawtucket, which Roger Williams and Gregory Dexter less than ten years before the traditional date of Jenks's settlement, liad declared was jiracticalh' worth- less.* He might, it is true, have been a squatter, but his subsecpient career and his prudence and thrift all militate against that assumption. He was certainl\' living at Lynn in i66ot, as in that j'ear he was imprisoned on a charge of treason for speaking disre.spectfully of the new king, Charles II. At this time he was working with his father in the Lynn Iron Works, and according to the narrati\-e "during some free and easv- discussion with the other workmen or perhaps in a political disjuite " at the tavern, he said that if he had the power he would oit off the king's head and make a foot ball of it, and also declared himself in favor of treating the new ruler as Charles I. had been served. His exact words in the latter connection were ac- *,See purchase from Massasoit, chapter 2, p. 128. tAnnals of Lynn, ed. ISOf), p. L!.'>1. PURCHASE OF LAND BY JOSEPH JENKS, JR. coriliiig to the testimony: "I should rather that his head were as his father's than that he should come to England to set up jiopery there." He was tried in April, but alter a lengthy im- prisonment was finally acquitted, the court deciding that the words he had uttered ' ' were all too weak to ]iro\'e him guilty of treason." The first settler of Pawtucket was evidently neither a Cavalier or a courtier, but was un- mistakably a Round- head, even if he was not a rigid Puritan. This glimpse of the pioneer of Paw- tucket .shows him to have been an impul- sive, outspoken, hear- ty and aggressive young man, but evi- dently the experience taught him wisdom in the expression of his opinions, although he always continued a frank critic in his suVi- sequent life in Provi- dence Plantations. The first mention of Joseph Jenks, Jr., in the records of Prov- idence* is in the deed of the land he pur- chased at Pawtucket falls, Oct. in, 1671, from Abel Potter, whose wife, Rachel, had inherited it from her grandfather, Ezekiel Holliman, one of the original thirteen proprietors of Provi- dence. This lot contained 60 acres, and had undoubtedly been awarded to Mr. Holliman as his share of one of the successive divisions or allotments of land by the Proviilence proprietors. •Prov. Town Rec. vol. 4. pp. (i-7. This deed* also conveyed the right of commonage which was of material value to Joseph Jenks, Jr., in subsequent years in enabling him to increase his estate b}- securing a share of the land when division was made to the proprietors. He like- wi.se was given liberty' to fence and plant common land in the near neighborhood of his purchase. t By these two methods, and also by purchase from (jther owners, his territory increased vear 3LD QUAKER Ivitt ; bv \ear, and ultimateK' 1>>- such means the Jenks famil\- acquired jiossession of the greater jxirtiou of the land in the inunediate vicinitN', and the neighborhood become jiractically their pri\ate estate. The deed from Abel Potter refers to Joseph Jenks, Jr., as "an inhabitant of the town ol •He was allowL-d to record hi.>; deed .\pril -JT. 1li74. I'rov. Town Rec, vol. 4. p. J. tl'rov. Town Reoords, vol. 4, pj). i:!-14, n.i. I L LUST RATI'; I) IIISTOKV ( ) !• PAWTTCKKT. I'n)\-i(k-;icc." This sUUcmcnt Icmls color to the tratlition that hv was here before 1671. Dr. Benedict in his " Keiiiiniscciices of Pawtiicket,"* mentions an ohl document in the form ol a bond, wliich stated that " Joseph Jenks, Senior," was guaranteed the undisturbed possession of pro- ]iert>- he had purchased from Steplien and Na- thaniel I'ayne of Rehoboth and tlie\- in turn liad jiurcliased from Mary Mowry.t widow of Roger Mowry, one of the original Proprietors of Providence. Mary Mowry sold to Stephen Pavue September i, 1671, the hon.se and land formerlv belonging to her husliand, then recenth' deceased, and of whose estate she had been ap- pointed administratrix. Con.sequently Stephen Pa\ue coidd not have sold any of the Mowry land to Josejih Jenks. Jr., until about the time or after his purchase from Abel Potter. Other evidence, however, has come to light which seems to prove that Jo.seph Jenks'.s first place of residence in the colony of Rhode Island was in Warwick. According to a document known to have been in existence among the Warwick records he was, on March 25, 1669, granted land on both sides of the Pawtuxet ri\-er on condition that he would build a saw mill and cut boards at the rate of 4 shillings and 6 pence per 100 feet. He was also to have the right to cut the trees on either side of the ri\-er for a distance of half a mile. This grant must have been on the south branch of the Pawtuxet to have been within the Warwick limits. He seems to have accepted this offer, for under date of January iS, 1670, his name appears on the Warwick records, as foreman of a jur>- to investigate the death of Thomas vSmith and his wife Ruth, who were drcnvned on the night of Jan, 16, 1670, in the Paw^tuxet river. Some of the familv tradi- ♦Benedict's Rem., No. 44. Paw. Ciazette and Chr icle. I'el). -J, l.s.-);-). tl'rov. Town Records, vol. 3, p. :iU9. tions point to this original residence in War- wick. ' Another fact which is an almost conclnsi\e ])roof that Josei)h Jenks, Jr.. did not settle at Pawtucket until aliout the time ol his purchase of land from xAbel Potter, is that he did not be- come one of the original ])roprietors. Other men who arri\-ed after I'l.S.S became original owners, and if he had been on the spot at tliat time, no doubt he would also ha\e been admitted to the select circle of the mi pro- prietors. Josej)h Jenks, Jr., whether he original]) settled in Warwick or at Pawtucket falls, was probalily invited to take up his residence among them by some of the leading Providence colo- nists. His father, Joseph Jenks, vSr., was an in- ventor of a high order, and the son had inher- ited his talents, had been trained in his workshop and was prepared to follow in his footsteps as a maker of tools and a worker in iron. The value of such a man was no doubt clearly percei\-ed by some of the men of Providence. Although there is no record of such an invitation, the rapidity with which he attained a leading- position in the colony, the readiness with which his requests for more land were acceded to. and the offices to which he was elected, all manifest the desire of his new fellow townsmen to fa\or him as far as possible. The first settler at Pawtucket was the son of Joseph Jenks, Sr., who was born in luigland, either at Hammersmith, Ilounslow or Cidn- bi'ook,t in the neighborhootl of the eit)- ol London, in the year 1602. In 164,'^ the elder Jenks came to Massachusetts, it is supposed *William Jenks, D. D., of Boston, Mass., in a let- ter to Alonzo Lewis, of Lynn, Mass., nnder date of Jan. tS, 1844, says "Joseph Jenks, Jr., of Lynn, first settled in Warwick and afterward removed to Pawtucket, R.I." tLetler of Rev. W. Jenks, Benedict's Reminis- cences, No. 9. PAWTUCKICT, MASS., IN 1848. 35 MAP OF THE TOWN OF P^WTUCKET, MASS. SURVEYED BY ORDER OF THE TOWN JULY, 1848. ORrGlNAL NOW IN THE POSSESSION OF JOHN F. M'ALEVY. 36 ILLU STRATI' I) HISTORY OF PAWTrCKICT. with John W'iiUhrup' the younger, and settled :it I,>nn. He is thoui^ht to liave been one of the workmen engaged to establish the iron works on the Saugus river, the first in New- England. At lea.st he was employed there soon after the beginning of the enterpri.se. He is said to have been "the fir.st founder who worked in brass and iron on the American Con- tinent, "t Init although this is iirobabl>- an ex- aggerated statement, it is no doubt true that he was the first highly skilled worker in metals who began operations in the English Colonies in North America. Three years after his arrival, on Ma>- 6, 1646, the Massachusetts General Court granted him a patent for three inijxirtant inventions, — a water mill or wheel, a machine for making scvthes and (jther edged tools, and a saw mill. He then i)urchased the right, t Jan. 20, 1647, from Richard Eeader, the general manager, to l)nild a forge at the iron works for the manu- facture of scythes. Thus earl\- he became an independent manufacturer. In 1^55 he ob- tained a patent for an inipro\ed form of scythe. That implement as it exists at the present day is ])ractically in the form as impro\-etl b>' Joseph Jenks, vSr., and displaced the thick stub .scythe previously in use. These inventions were of prime importance to the Engli.sh settlers, as by their use the power of subduing the wilderness was rapidly increased, and the water power was rendered availal)le in the work. , These notable inventions were not the only achie\'enients of Joseph Jenks, .Sr. In 1652 he made the dies for the ])ine tree shilling coinage of Massa- *Jolui Wiulhrop, Jr., brought from Kngland in l(i4:! •■ 10(10 pounds .stock nmi ilivt-rs workiuvu lo bc'gin .'111 Iron work." — History of \. V.., Wintlirop, vol. 1', pp. ■2V2. LM4. t.\iiii;ds of I, villi, fil. l.sn'), p. JOS. JAiiiials of l.ynn. p. '2'2'2. chusetts ; in 1654 built a fire engine for Hnston ; in 1(1(17 coiiceixed a jiroject for starting a wire manufactory, but did not receive sufllcient en- couragement to go on with the undertaking ; and in 1672 made a proposal to coin the cohniy's money, which howe\-er was not accepted. That he was not a severe Puritan is evident from the fact that on Nov. 29, 1665, he was admonished for not attending public worshi]). The elder Jenks had married in ICngland, Init his wife died previous to his departure for America. He had two sons, j-oung boys, who were left in care of their mother's family. The elder is supposed to ha\-e settled in \'irginia, l.)ut the younger, Joseph, Jr., according to the instruction of his father, was to join him in .\nierica when he came of age. Joseiih, Jr., is said to have been l)orn in if\'\2, and he is reported to ha\e been with his father at Lynn in 1647, in which e\-ent he must ha\'e come to New England long before he arri\-e(l at man- hood. He probably remained at Lynn until his removal to I'ro\-idence Plantations, employed constantly in the workshoji, where he benefited l.)v the instruction and obtained a practical ex- perience in the construction and o])eration of the inventions of his father. He married very early in life. That he must have had a good income, either in wages from his father or from an interest in the forge, is evident from the fact that his >oung wife was able to indulge in the luxury of fine apparel to such an extent as to call forth ])ublic censure. At a quarterh- court held June 29, 1652, the records sa\' that "lister,- the wife of Joseph Jynkes, Junior," was presented " ffor wearing silver lace." Joseph Jenks, vSr., married again in Lynn before 1650 and by this union had five chil- dren, three sons and two daughters, of whom Annals of Lynn, td. ISri.'i, jj. •_';;:). WIIV JoSI'l'H JKXKS SETTI.l'.D AT I'AWTrCKHT. Daniel.* ihf xoun.nt-'Sl ol llic ^(iii>, Ikhii in i66,^, settled in Cnniberlanil or Sinithfiehl, inulcr the ])rotection and with the assistance of lii> lirother Jose])h, Jr., prospered in his affairs and left niinierous descendants. Joseph. Sr., died in i6.S;,. The Jenks family trace their descent, tradi- tionall\-. from an ancient Welsh family of import- ance. The immediate ancestors of the American branch were evitlently pec.iple of enterprise and some substance, and better still of .splendid phy- sique and fibre, fit for the struggle of life in a new world. Among the reasons gi\en \\h\- Josejih, Jr., left his father's home in l.ynn. and sought a place for himself, was liecause it was thought that wood for charcoal to run the forge would soon be used up. Such an idea seems preposter- ous when considered from the .standpoint of the present day. Neighboring landowners at L>iin feared that the iron works would consume the forests, prejudices were exciteil and lawsuits resulted. t This diftlcult)-, howe\er. could not ha\e been the only or the main reason of the removal of the son to new fields. The fame of the l,\'nn Iron Works and of Jose])h Jenks's inventions had sjiread throughout the New Eng- land colonies, and the settlers in man\" places would readily have offered all the inducements in their power to have persuaded either father or son to settle among them and saw their tim- ber, with the new mill, or make the improved scythes and tools so essential to husbandry and woodcraft. That such an inducement was held out to Joseph. Jr., the Warwick record already (juoted, is good evidence. He was very likeh' first persuaded to come to Warwick by some of the proprietors of that colonw but after a short residence there he probal)ly had the opportunity of inspecting the magnificent water power at Pawlucket falls, which was much better adapted to his purposes than the Pawtuxet river could possibl\' be. Perhaps some of liis Warwick friends suggested this transfer, for the bargain, *Bya voteof the town of Providence, Daniel Jenks was allowed to apprentice himself to his brother, Jan. •27. 1081-2. Prov. Town Rec, vol. S, p. I(i7. t.\nnals of Lynn, ed. l.S(i.'), pp. !)7, L'liU. as the original deed shows, was consummated in Warwick, and the owner of the land, Abel Potter, was the son-in-law of John Warner, one of the original proprietors of Warwick. He was pcssessed of the land at the falls of Pawtucket, the very location that Joseph Jenks desired. Plenty of tindjer existed in the dense forests adjoining the river, a great amount of land in 38 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. IIr- iiei,L;lili()rli(i()(l was unclaimed,* and as an addiUonal incentive the spot was only four miles from the main settlement, with which it was connected by a roailway or trail through the fields anil woods. That these were the influ- ences which i)rompted Joseph Jenks's removal lo I'awtucket is reasonable to suppose. He built his forge below the falls on the south side of the present Main street. Here down among the rocks he obtained the water jiower he needed, the engineering operations having lieen performed by Nature herself, so liiat he had only to adjust his "engines or mills" to the great natural force at his disposal. He very likely at first built a log house, but soon alter beginning operations he erected a Irame dwelling, being enabled to do so b\- the fact that with his saws operated by water he could cut timber readily. His frame house is said to liave stood on tlie west side of East Avenue, t on the site of the Timoth\' Greene house, near the jiresent numbers 39 and 40 and consequently overlooked the forge and river. Here, with his family of young children, the eldest, Joseph, about 15 years old, he established a home in a clearing in the wilderness at Pawtucket falls. The first settler was a man of much enter- ])rise. Not only was he active in his own busi- ness, but he was a public si)irited citizen. He must have had capital, for he evidently had time to attend to the affairs of the tow'u and colon}' without injury to his private interests. The indications are, judging from the records which have l)een preserved, that after getting his forge and saw mill in operation, with work- men trained in his father's shops at Lynn, and *Prov. Rec, vol. li. p. 'Jl. — .-\11 tlie land from the viciiiily of the prt-sent village of Ivonsilale to Fox Toint. which hau " not lieen hiid out " was to " rcni.-iin ill i-oiiinion '■ from that elate, Warch 14, 1(1(11-2. +]iciicdict's Remini.sceiice.s, Nos. '.i and 7. under his own snperx'ision, the jirofits of his business were sufficient to gi\e him leisure enough to enable him to 1)ecome a public man. That he had experienced and capable workmen in his service is tindoubted. Presumablv to one of these men, Jose]ih Woodward, he gave four acres oi land, Jtil>' 21, 1679. As a patriarch, he tluis lived in the forest, his de])endents ctit- ting the wo' the Indians and the little patriarchal settlement scattered, but it was immediately revived as soon as the Indian out- lireak was iiuelled, antl industry at once resumed. Joseph Jenks was taxed for a saw mill in 1679,* and he certainly had one in o])eration in 1685. t He was a member of tlie town council in 1680; moderator of the town meeting in 1679 or 1680; one of the tax assessors at the same period : was chosen April 28, 1679, to represent Providence in the General Assembly at Newport : was speaker of tlie A.s.sembly from October, 1698, to February, 1699, and is referred to constantly in the town and colon\- records from 16.S4 to 1698, as "assistant," in which capacit}' he actetl as a justice and performed marriages. An interest- ing connnentary on his character and sense of justice is the record of April 12, 1675, which says tliat "Joseph Jenks with others signed a protest against damaging Joshua Verin's right to a share in the lands vet to be divided." •AnnaLs of Prov., p. 174. tProv. Town Rcc, vol. S, page ir)7 THK "NKW FIELD" AND THE "GREAT SWAMP." 39 VIEW OF PAWTUCKET, LOOKING TOWARD EXCHANGE STREET BRIDGE. W-rin had left Pro\-i(k-nce liccause of trouble arising from his intc-rfL-rcncc with his wife's liberty of conscience ; but Jose]ih Jenks did not believe that he ought on that account to be deprived of his property. Previous to the settlement some of the meadows at Pawtucket had been cultivated, as early records speak of " planting fields " there. The "old field " may ha\-e been the area known (hiring the earl_\- years of this century as Timotlu- Greene's meadow, lying a little south of the falls and occupying a portion of the west side of East avenue and Pleasant street between the road- way and the river. Joseph Jenks's first inirchase of 60 acres very likely included this field, and his property was bounded on one side by the land of Gregory Dexter and on the other Ijy that of Stukeh- Wescott. Corroljorative evidence that this is the "old field at Pawtucket" is fnrnislied by a town record of February 23, 1661. which designated the great rock at its lower end as a starting point for a lanil survey. The "new fie hi " or the "great meadow" at Pawtucket was undoubtedly the comparatively level land in the angle between Main street, Lonsdale avenue, and Pawtucket avenue in the southwestern part of the jiresent territor\- of the cit\'. It was considered very desirable as a "planting field," was described as being in the "neck" between the "great swamp" and the Pawtucket river, and allotments in its bounds were sought after eagerly by the settlers.' In the early records reference to the ' ' great swam]> are frequent. Judging from the topographical *Prov, Town Rec, vol. !), p. Ki ; vol. :!, pp. Ifi4, is,s; vol. -2. pp. :>;!, :>4. 40 ILLUvSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. (k-Uiils ami tliu locations of estates* as stated in these old docniniL-nts the swamp was the low lands on hotli sides of the Moshassuck river, extendini; from Mineral Spring avenue in Paw- tucket to the North Burial Ground in Providence. A large portion of this territory is even now \erv niarshx- in character, and in early times nnisl have been nuich more so than at present. The roadbed of the railroad between Pawtucket and Providence crosses this old mar.sh obliquely. A large family grew up in the home of the ])ioneer at Pawtucket falls. Before he left Lynn he had married Esther Ballard, daughter of William Ballard, and four sons and six daughters were the result of this union. The sons were Joseph, Nathaniel, Ebenezer and William, who succeeded their father in his business, and all took prominent positions in the town and colony. The daughterst were Elizabeth, Sarah, E.sther, Joanna, Mary and Abigail. They all married, and the name of their husbands were Tift, Bnnvn, Miller, Scott, Jenks, and Whijiple. The founder of Pawtucket died Jamiary 4, 1717. In the early records it is difficult to .separate the jiioneer Joseph from his eldest son Joseph, who became in the beginning of the eighteenth century the most noted and influential man in the colony. He was born in 1656, and was admitted a freeman J in !6Si when 25 years of age. This indicates that he had then some l)roperty of his own, probably an interest in the forge and mills. He was elected to the General Assembly in the early years of the century, was speaker from May, 1707, to October, 1708, dep- uty governor from 1715 to 1721, and again from 1722 to 1727, and was governor from 1727 to 1732. In 1706 he was appointed a member of the commission to adjust the northern boundary *Prov. Town Rec, vol. 4, p. 83. tlifiiedid's Reminiscences, No. 45. :R. I. Colonial Records, vol. ;i, p. 98. with Massachusetts, and rendered efficient ser- \'ice for a number of years in relation to this matter. In 1720, he was sent to Great Britain as agent for the colon\- to arrange the boundaries with Massachusetts and Connecticut. That he rendered good service is evident from the fact that the Assend)ly, October 1721, ordered his bill of /,3oo to be paid and gave him ^30 as a gratuity. To his exertions at this time the final .settlement of these territorial disputes the year of his first election as governor, were largely- due. When he was elected governor the Assembly voted ^100 to pay the expense of his removal to Newport. He "was of a large ■Stature* and well proportioned ; a man of a mo.st grave and commanding countenance." Gov- ernor Jenks diedt June 15th, 1740. *Genealogy of Jenks family, Pawtucket Chronicle, Dec. \2. 10, '2(3, 1834, by Esek Esten. tGov. Joseph Jenks was buried in the old Jenks Ruryinf; Ground, which lay between High and North Wain street, with Read street on the north. The town records give its dimensions as "four rods wide and eight rods long." The body of the first Joseph is also said to have been buried here. The area was aban- doned as a burying ground many years ago, and the land gradually appropriated by the neighboring land owners. " For some cause (tOV. Jenks's body was exhumed June 2, 1831. Other skeletons are said to have been disinterred at the same time, and, after a period, were transported to the Mineral Spring Cemetery. From some strange neglect the original grave stones were not reset, and report says they lay around until they were broken in pieces." — Historical Sketch of Paw- tucket, Goodrich, p. 33. The inscription on Gov. Jenks's tombstone was as follows : " In memory of the Hon. Jo.seph Jenks, Esqr., late (Governor of the colony of Rhode Island, Deceased the l.")th day of June, A. D., 1740, in the 84th year of his age. He was much Honored and beloved in life and Ivamented in Death : He was a bright example of Virtue in every stage of Life : He was a Zealous Christian, a Wise and Prudent Governor : a kind husband : a Tender F'ather : a good neighbor and a I"aithful Friend ; Grave, Sober, Pleasant in Behavour : Beautiful in Person, with a Soul truly Great, Heroic and .Sweetlj' Tempered." —Pawtucket Chronicle, Dec. I'J, 1834. THI' IIorSKS OF TH,E JENKS P. K ()T II I- RS . 41 PAWTUCKET, LOOKING NORTH FROM THE PACIFIC BANK BUILDING. The other three sons, while overshadowed by their eldest brother, were men of more than ordinary force and ability. Nathaniel was known as Major, was famous for his strength and was a militia officer ; libenezer became, when fifty years of age, the minister of the First Baptist church in Providence, and officiated from 1 7 19 to 1726 ; William was a judge and an active man of affairs. The four brothers, either in the closing years of the seventeenth century or in the beginning of the eighteenth, each built a large dwelling house, which for the time were very large structures. I^ach house had an immense .stone chimney, and on the northern side the roof extended almost to the ground, the object being protection from the cold north winds. The governor's house stood on the land now occupied by Music Hall, on Main street, and was demolished in 1880, when that building was erected. Nathaniel's hou.se .stood at 210 North Main street and was torn down about 1S70. The original frame dwelling of the first Joseph is said to have been moved and attached to this house soon after its erection, and the finst settler is supposed to have spent his closing years in this residence. In the rear of ,-^23 Main street, the house of Eben- ezer was located, and was demolished to make room for the grain warehouse of N. \V. Whipple. William Jenks's house stood on the site of the Dorrance building, northwest corner of Main and and North Main streets, about seventv feet 42 ILLUSTRATI'I) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. back Ircini Main stivi.-t. and was taken tlown in 1S14 when that strucUire was erected. These houses were thus all within a very short distance from each other, and in the most central part of the ]iresent cit\'. While Joseph Jenks, Jr., was nndouhtedh the first .settler at Pawtucket falls, it is not cer- tain that he was the first w hite man to erect a dwelling in what is now the limits of Pawtucket on the west. Thomas Instance was, as earl\- as 1668, living on the line of the road to Pawtucket, in the vicinity of Woodlawn, and to the north- east of the Great Swamp.* He is spoken of as a " Welchman," and the name is variously spelled — E.stance, Euastance, Au,stin, Esting, and Esten, which last was the form finally adojited by the familw The variatifin, Estance Thomas, oc- curring in the Providence Records, t is suppo.sed to refer to the son of the first Tliomas, and very likely was in accordance with the Welsh custom of making the name of the father the surname of the son, the syllalile " ap " being sometimes used between the two names to signify this relation- ship. In this form the name would be Esten ap Thomas. In 1C1J4, vStephen Payne of Rehoboth .sold to Instance Thomas and Thomas Ivstance 50 acres of land which he had jireviously pur- chased from Abel Potter, and which was a jiart of the e.state of John Warner and had come into the posse.s.sion of Potter through his wife Rachel. This was therefore a portion of the same Holli- man- Warner estate, of which Joseph Jenks pur- chased a ])art at the falls three years before. Dec. 3, 1691, on account of the right to a di\ision in the connnon lands that inhered to this interest in John Warner's estate, Thomas Instance was allotted 25 acres,* evidently adjoining his other lands. Thomas E.sten, with others, took his " luigagement of Eleagence upon the last Mun- day inMay, 16S2, before Joseph Jiencks, Asist."* Henry E.sten, the son or grandson of the first listen, is said to ha\-e erected the old stone cliim- ney house which, until after 1^50, stood on the front jiart of what is now known as the Campljell place, 1059 Main .street. This edifice is said to have been erected in 16,80, and that date was engraved on the top of the chinuie>-.t Richard vScott had land as early as 1649 near vScott's ]-)ond. Daniel Comstock, who was originally one of the 25-acre men, Init became a fully fledged freeman in 1656, was the same year granted land at the upper end of the Great Swamp. The old house at 15S Lonsdale avenue, overlooking the Woodlawn railroad .station, belonged to the Comstock family, and is located near or on this original land grant. Its age is not known, but, judging from its appearance, it was probably built in the last century, lulward Imnan, Gregory Dexter, William Reynolds, StukeU- Westcott, John vSmith, the miller, and other inhabitants of Pnn'idence, owned lanil in the present limits of Pawtucket anil Central Falls, but they probably only used it for farming or to pasture their cattle. Ivxentually, some of them built houses, among whom, undoubtedly, were the Scotts and the Comstocks. With the coming of the second generation into acti\-e life, the settlement at the falls became a considerable hamlet, with the four houses of the Jenks brothers as the main edifices. Around them clustered the less pretentious houses of their kindred, and also the ruder houses, perhaps log cal)ins, of the workmen, and already' the place had become a miniature industrial com- munity, the nucleus and prophecy of the Paw- tucket of tile future. ♦Prov. Town Rec, vol.:!, pp. I'j:!, 18- road b>' the great ]ilain." This new highway was what is now Main and Walcott streets, and the connecting road was Norlli and South Bend. Henry Smith was one of the first .settlers at Rehoboth, and drew allotment 54 at the division of the (ireat IMain in if)54. This Henry vSmitli of 1715 was probably his son or grandson. In 1738 Henry .Smith sold to Samuel Smith fort\-eight acres on the east side of Pawtucket falls, "bounded on land where the grist mill stands." In 1747 James Bucklin purchased the grist mill from the vSmiths, and in 1776 conveyed it to his son John. These facts go to pro\'e that the vSmiths and Buck- lands, or Bucklins, as the}- were later called, were the landowners and probably the first .set- tlers near the falls on the east side, and that the^■ utili/.ed the water jiower for both saw and .grist mills at a very early period. Two old stone chimney houses, one of which stood on the northwest corner of Division and South Bend streets, and the other on Bucklin's brook, are supposed to have been the residences of tlie.se first families. Henry vSmith's house in 1715 must have stood on Walcott street, somewhere in the neighborhood of Grove or Maynard streets. From the.se insignificant and obscure begin- nings the community slowly and gradually developed, and by the influx of pojnilation and the increase of industry a \-illage little In- little came into being, but much slower than its neigh- bor across the river. From this point onward the two Pawtuckets imperceptibly emerged into a larger life, growing slowly side by side, finall\- merging into the city of to-day. CHAPTER IV THE RISK OF THK IXDUSTRIAL COMMrXITV AT I'AWTrCKET FALLS. FOR more than a centtiry after the first settler built his forge, the two lianilets at the falls grew so slo\vl\- that they made no distincti\-e impression in the towns of which the>' formed respectively a part. The\- were mereh' outlying workshops on the river banks, important for their utilitarian value and of no moment as social centres. Gradu- all\' and imperceptibly this condition changed, and although they developed side b_\- side as independent villages their proximity forced them into industrial a.s,sociations with each other, social ties resulted, and eventually in the fullness of time political unity came. The first step in the direction of this ulti- mate union was the building of the bridge over the river at the falls in 17 13, or soon after. May 2, 171 1,* the Rhode I.sland General As,sembly a])]n-opriated / 200 for the building of bridges at Pawtucket, Weybosset, and Pawtuxet, and appointed certain persons to receive voluntary- contributions, to help defray the expense. Major Joseph Jenks and Capt. Nathaniel Jenks were the appointees for the Pawtucket bridge. Through the efforts of Joseph Jenks the interest of Massachusetts was aroused, and he notified the General Assembly,! Feb. 27, 171 1- 1 2 of the willingness of that colony to con- tribute towards the cost of the bridge. The Massachusetts General Court took action in regard to the matter in the .spring of 171 2, and again in 17 13, and decided to share the expen.se with Rhode Island. The cost was borne equally liy the two colonies, and the total amounted to ^,223 14s. I id. Joseph Jenks probalil\' superin- tended the construction of the bridge, as the records .speak of some of his charges for the work ; and he was certainly the treasurer or accountant of the enterprise, for he presented the final account, and the Massachusetts legis- lature directed that the sum due from that colony be paid to him. On the Massachu.setts side a highwa}- connecting the bridge with the country road " by the great plain " was laid out May 28, 1 7 16. Those who had contributed to the cost of the bridge evidently exerci.sed some supervision over the payments of wages and the accounts rendered. A connnittee* of the sub- scribers directed Major Jenks and Peleg Rhotles not to pay more than 4 shillings a day, and also pointed out overcharges for labor and for food. The main tra\'eled way from Massachusetts to Proxidence, and thence onward to the Narra- gansett country, Connecticut and New York •R. I. CoL Rec, vol. 4, pp. 118-9. tR. I. Col. Rec, voL 4, pp. 135-0. *R. I. Col. Roc, vol. 4. p. 181 ; " overcharged for I'elc- Rhoilfs, liisdii-l, /:i iL's." 46 ILLUSTRATKl) HISTOKY OF PAWTUCKKT. was as yet in inan\- jilaces oiiI\- a ])alh, (olknviiit,^ the lines of llie old Indian trails, and the ri\'er at Pawtucket was crossed either at the wailin;; l)laces abo\-e oi below the falls, or, when the state of the water permitted, on the rocks of the falls themselves. In the winter and sprin;;, because of "the rising of the water and great quantity of ice coming down the river," such methods of crossing the stream were "difficult and hazardous."* These disad\'antages and the fact that connnnnication lietween the \-arious settlements was constantly increasing, prompted the two colonies to build the bridge, in order to make " traveling more easy and safe." While erected for these general purposes the Ijridge was a material ligament liinding the two sides of the river together, and it had a marked effect in promoting local intercourse. It was .situated a .short di.stance below the falls, south of the present location of the Main street bridge, which is. howe\-er, its lineal descendant. The bridge continued to be maintained at the joint e.xpense of the two colonies until about 172.S, when Massachusetts neglected to appro- ])riate mone}- for its repair. B}- 1730 it had become through this neglect so unsafe for tra\el that it was considered " a trap to endanger men's lives," and on Jul\- 21 of that >-ear it was demol- ished under the direction of Charles Church on behalf of Massachu.setts and William Jenks on behalf of Rhode Island. Steps were soon after taken to build another bridge, and in Octoljer, 1 73 1, the (General A.s.sembly voted that William Jenks have i,'ioot to build half of it, and as nuich more money as would be necessary. As the Massachusetts people still continued dilatory in contributing to the expense of the bridge, suits at law ensued, probably brought by Wil- liam Jenks, and which were tried in the court of *Mass. Col. Rec, vol. i), pp. 27:i-4. tR. I. Col. Rec, vol. 4, p. 4(iL'. Bristol count}-, Massachusetts. The decision was evidently in favor of the Rhode Island ])eo- ple, as on Januar_\- 23, 1733, William Jenks was \-oted ^,'42 9s. 5d., the balance of Rhode Island's share of the expense of relniilding the bridge, while "the other account of ,{,57 i4^- .inl- and £\^ for time and charge in law suit," was not allowed.* From this it would be reasonable to infer that the amount of the " other account " had been received from Massachusetts, but wh>- the expense of the law suits was not allowed is unknown. The owners of the land in the \-ici- nity of the bridge on tlie Rhode Island side — who were the Jenks family — it ajijiears shut up the highway leading to the l:)ridge, and charged toll for cro.ssing it, with the intention, perhaps, of recouping the expense of the.se law suits. Job Tripp of North Kingstown and others, entered a complaint to the (rcneral Assembh- about this matter in Dec. 1733, and a \'ote was jiassed directing the coiint\' of l'ro\-idence to in()uire into the affair. t The bridge was partl\' carried away by a flood inthe spring of 1738, and William Jenks was voted ^50 to repair the colony's hall, provided that Massachusetts or any of her people would pay the other half and maintain an o]ien [free] way from the main road to the bridge. The town of Reholjoth in the year 1741 laid out a highway two rods wide, frcnn Pawtucket falls to the Attleboro line, where it united with the county road to Mend<:>n. This, no doubt, complied with the requirement just mentioned. In April, 1741, William Jenks was voted ,.{,30, which, with the £~,o pre\ioush- ordered paid to him, was in full pa\'ment for repairing or con- structing the bridge. From the time of the settlement of the boundary dispute with Massachusetts by royal 'R. I. Col. Rec, vol. 4, p. 477. +R. I. Col. Rec, vol. 4, p. 490. FORMATION OF TIIIC TOWN OF NORTH 1' R ( ) \' I I) i: N C F . decree in 1746, that coIoiin would not contrilnite* to maintain the liritli;e, Imt, on account of its great usefulness for local ])uri)oses, the people on the east side shared the exjiense liy voluntar\- contributions. A lottery- was authorized in 1752 by the Rhode Island General Assembly to re- coup several citizens for mone}' advanced to build a "bridge over the Pawtuckett river." The assembly voted in October 1753, that Jabez Bovven and Elisha Brown be ]>aid a balance of ^653 6s. 2d. for repairing the bridge. + Some of the inhabitants were empow- erred in October, 1771, to raise ^1500 by a lotter\- to construct a channel arounil the falls for the passage of fish, antl the sur- plus was to be devoted to repair- ing the bridge. May, 1772, the General Assenilih" apiiro])riated ^,'90 to rebuild the bridge, pro- vided Massachusetts would build one of the abutments. The care of the bridge hereafter devolved almost wholly on the Rhode Island people. vSonie- times the General Assend)ly paid for repairs : at other times the town of North Providence footed the bills ; and occasionally part of the cost was paid by the voluntary subscriptions of the inhabitants on both sides of the river.)! Finally, in 1840, the vState of Rhode Island assumed the responsibilit_\-, and from that time forward maintained the bridge. June 13, 1765, the northern and north- western portion of the town of Providence was ;iet off as a separate township by the name of North Providence, and included within its limits was the village on the west side of Pawtucket falls. The name desired by the inhalntanls for the new town was Wenscutt, but the Assembly- decided in favor of the geographical title. That peculiar fir.st-proposed name, Indian in origin, is .still retained by the largest \illage in the town, — Wanskuck — now an important manu- facturing suburb of the city of Providence. The reason for the separation of this territory from •Historical Sketch of Pawtucket, p. 141. tR. I. Col. Rec, vol. ."), p. :itM JR. I. Col. Rec, vol. '), p. :!77. SNortli Providence Centennial, p. S(i. For contin- uation of bridge history see chapter 11. BLACKSTONE RIVER, LOOKING SOUTH FROM DIVISION ST. BRIDGE. Providence was the dissatisfaction of the people in the rural sections with the spending of the bulk of the town money in the compact portion, in which matter, because of being in a minority, they were able to exercise no adequate control. The people in the compact portion, in the \-il- lage of Providence and vicinit)-, were merchants and tradesman, while those in the outlying ter- ritory were nearly all farmers. The latter were obliged to attend the town meetings at an expense of time and trouble they did not relish. The division ditl not, however, separate Irom Pro\-idence onlv the farming district, but set off 48 II.LV STRATlvI) HISTORY OF PAWTrCKI'.T. a portion of the populous section, and this por- tion was reunited to Pnnidence, June, ijOy. The reason for this illogical division is said to have been of a political character, one of the moves in the Ward and Hopkins controvers>-. One of the ]irotests against the first division recites the facts that thereliy the old town grist mill and estate of 150 acres, originally belonging to John Smith, the miller, who had been granted the land on condition of maintaining the mill in proper condition, would be outside Providence limits, and the inhabitants would have no place to grind their corn. The same protest also raised objection to including the burial ground in the new town, and set forth the plea that "forty houses, containing upward of sixty free- men" who lived "liy merchandise, ]>y their trades, and by going to sea on wages," had been improperly incorporated in its limits. This protest was signed by Mo.ses Brown, Jacob Whitman and Daniel Jencks, and undoubtedh- had great weight, as the rearrangement of the boundary two years later was in recognition of the argument then put forward.* The new town was sparsel)' settled, as nine j-ears after its cix-a- tion, in 1774, it only contained 138 families, in all 830 people. The villages at the falls have conjointl\' always been known as Pawtucket. This name applied to the comparatively compact commun- ity there growing up, and was so used irrespec- tively of political divisions. No events of strik- ing importance occurred in the limits of Paw- tucket for the first hundred years. The town meetings in North Providence were held at various places throughout the township, at iinis or the houses of prominent citizens. The first act separating the town from the parent com- munity directed that the town meetings be held «R. I. Col. Rec, vol. (i, pp. 4:!(i-438-441. at the dwelling houses of Thomas Olncy, near the present village of Wanskuck, as it was "near the centre and mo.st con\enient." Hy a vote of the Assembly, August, 1767, the town was allowed U> hold its meetings where\-er it was most convenient. Subsequently, the meet- ings were held at the houses of William Arwin, Kdward vSnnth, and at the inns of John P'oster, Jeremiah Sayles and others. The ta\'ern of Jeremiah vSayles was near the toll gate on the highway to Providence. The town's busine.ss continued to l)e carried on in this manner until the growth of Pawtucket made it finall\' the centre. During the revolution, the people of North Providence were active and patriotic. Hy a vote of the town meeting, June 14, 177.S. six guns were divided among the poor soldiers of the town, "one-third for the use of the militia on the east side of the Mo.shassuck river, and the other two-thirds for the use of the militia on the west side of said river."* This indicates that the majority of the iidiabitants were in the western end of the town. vSept. iS, 1776, the freemen voted to send ten men, the town's pro- portion of the lev\', to Newport to take the place of Col. Richmond's regiment which had been ordereil to New York. A bounty of /Ji was offered to each soldier. In Decend)er, seven more men were required and a bount>' of ,/,20 was offered. Of the quota of 1000 men called for by the state in 1777, North Pro\-idence was only required to furnish fifteen. Notwithstand- ing her scanty population, however, the town, liesides a regular militia company, maintained an independent conqiany, the North Pn)\'idence Rangers, chartered in 1774. A nund)er of her citizens, in addition to the quotas required at dif- ferent times, seiwed in the Continental armies anil *First volume manuscript records. North I'rov. NORTH pKovinnxcF. IX thp: rkvolttiox 49 lEWS ON THE BLACKSTONE RIVER. two of her sons bore coiispiciions parts in the revohitioiiary struggle. Commodore Esek Hopkins, tlie first admiral of the Continental navy, was a resident of the town both before and after the revolution, ami after a long and honored life died there on his estate, Feb. 26, 1802. He represented the town in the General Assembly for man>- years before, during and after the revolution. B}- a vote of April 16, 1777, Benjamin Shepard was censured for lieing a Tory, was deposed from office and Esek Hopkins, Esq., was chosen third town councilman in his ])lace. Captain vStephen Olnev, one of the most gal- lant of the men of '76, was a native of the town, and after the revolution seixed in the General Assembly and as president of the town council. The sentiments of the people of North Providence in regard to negro slavery were announced in no uncertain maimer by a resolu- tion passed Dec. 30, 1775, in.structing their deputies to support the act then pending before the General Assembly which declared free all "persons hereafter born within this colony," and ]iro\-ided that adult sla\'es could lie manu- mitted under certain conditions. The language used shows that the farmers and mechanics enter- tained as elevated ethical sentiments as their de- scendants two or three generations later, as the following extract from the town meeting book on this occasion shows : ' ' Utterly abhon'ing that in- consistency of conduct, and perfidy to our Maker, of which we would esteem ourselves guilt>', were we thro' corrupt and selfish views to assent voluntarily and assist in exercising that tyranny and despotism in the extreme over our fellow- men, to a\-oid which in a small degree we our- .selves do not hesitate to expend blood and treasure of thousands under the profession of a disinterested and sacred regard to the di\ine blessing of liberty." The pre-revolutionar\- Xorth Providence town records throw light on some of the social peculiarities of the period. The dependent poor, aged people without homes, and illegiti- mate children, were lioarded at the town's expense, but as cheajily as possible. In one instance the town paid the lying-in expenses of the mother of an illegitimate child and exerci.sed a continued oversight over the child, a girl. After supporting her in various families, the authorities allowed her to be apprenticed, until she was 18 years old, to Benjamin \\'hip])le, who agreed to feed and clothe her and teach her to read and write, and when her time had elapsed to give her two good suits of clothes, linen and .so ILI.USTR ATlvD HISTORY OF PAWTTCKI'T. woolen. The name of this child — Freelove Martin — was \'ery snL;;- of picicuring it because of the disturbed condition of the country. At the time when North Providence was set off, the highways, with the exception of the main road to Providence, were only cart paths. Kach household was obliged to snpjih' the greater portion of its own wants ; the men culti- vated the land and built the dwellings, as well as constructed the furniture out of timber oli- tained in the neighborhood ; the women of each famil>- spun the wool or flax into yarn and wove it into cloth. The operations of fulling and finishing the homespun cloth had begun to be performed in shops where water power could be utilized, and probabl\- a fulling mill existed at the falls by the middle of the iSth century. The common trades, carpentery, ma.sonr\-, tail- oring and weaving were beginning to be followed as regular occupations, as the demand for such labor became ]x-rmanent and steadx'. The onl\- industries that as yet employed associated labor were tho.se concerned with the working of metals, of which the Jenks's forges and " iron works " at the falls were among the first examples. Assembled in their neighbor- hood were saw and grist mills and \-er\- likeh- a fulling mill and a tannery. On the opposite bank the same process was going on. The specialization of industry- had begun, but it was taking .shape slowly. The interests of the farmers and fishermen were still the only ones that impressed the popular cousciousne,ss, as these classes formed, until after the revolution, the bulk of the pojiulation. Commerce had attained some headwa\' at Providence, and had created a demantl for anchors, nails, tools and supplies of various sorts. tind)er and shi])S, while at the same time it had stimulated agriculture, which in turn .sought for implements from the work.shops at Pawtucket. The mer- chants at Providence were becoming rich. As a result, a demand had ai'isen for better houses, finer clothing and for the luxuries and elegan- cies of life, and a further impetus was thereby given to industrial specialization and de^•elop- ment. These influences were exerted upon lioth sections of country contiguous to the falls, and were slowly oj^erating to increase the industrial importance of the localitx'. The skilled me- chanics of the country side natural!}' gravitated here, drawn to the place by its obvious destiny and by the fact that here was power to run machinerx'. The centre of life for the east side people was the original settlement at the Ring of the Town in Rehoboth. Here the church was located, the town meetings were held, and the school was maintained. The taxpayers bore the expense of both church and school, — a vastl>' different arrangement than existed on the west side, where both religion and education were matters of individual concern. As the com- munit}' increased, the township was divided into school districts. A schoolmaster from Dor- chester was hired in I'ljj. As early as 1703, the teacher divideil his time between the iliffer- ent localities. John Lynn was schoolmaster in 1709 and taught 21 weeks at "the Ring of the Town and the neighl)orhood on the east side of the Ring of the Town;" 14 weeks at Palmer River; 13 weeks at \\'atchemothes, operated a rolling and slitting mill, and turned out a good qualitx' of blistered .steel.* His shops were schools for his sons and for many young men in the neigh- borhood, and he thereby prepared the way for the introduction and gnnvlh of the cotton manu- facture, in which he ami his sons bore no incon- .spicuous part. He was interested in the manufacture of oil and of flour, became, in after years, a builder of roads, and was a main stay and helper of Samuel Slater, who finst intro- duced cotton spinning. In .short, Oziel Wilkin- son was a leader in and N'ivificr of the industrial life of the locality. Thomas Arnold, a Quaker of Providence, started a flouri' niill at Pawtucket about 1793 and conducted it for many years. It was on the site now occujiied l)y the f;iclory of the Littlefield Maiuifacturing Co. Thomas Arnold also jjurchased in 179,, from Ivbenezer Jenks, a large area of land south of the present line of Green street and between Pleasant street and the river, but sold out soon after to Benjamin Arnold, Timothy Greene and Oziel Wilkinson. The Smith, Bucklin and Read families are said to have been the original white owners of the land in the vicinit>- of the falls on the east side. The Smiths seem to have been the first owners of the water privilege. They sold the gri.st mill to James Bucklin in 1747, who in turn bequeathed it to his son John in i 766. These first settlers were farmers ; but a saw jnill, as well as a grist mill was also operated, and the Jenks are said to have been at least part owners. The first advance from these early types of industry was madeb}' Hugh Kennedy, who, about 1 7,i". purchased land from the Smiths, and leased a water privilege, which was jirobably the old saw mill j)remi.ses, from the Bucklins. Kennedy is supposed to ha\e been of .Scotch descent. He was a versatile genius, as he operated a lin.seed oil mill, a blacksmith shop, a wheel- wright .shop for the manufacture of the spinning wheels then in such conunon use, and in addi- tion conductetl a store. His linseed oil mill was situatetl south of the bridge on the site of what was so long known as the Yellow mill, and more recently as the Bridge mill. Next south on the river bank was the Bucklin grist mill. The siles of these old establishments are now occu- pied 1)\ the extensive works of D. Goff & Sons. Kennedy's store was across the street from his mill, and .stood ju.st north of the bridge. The residence of this early manufacturer .stood on the site of the Pawtucket Bank building, on the next lot east of the southeast corner of River and Main streets. Early in the present century it was moved up the street, near to School street." The next increase of the industry- on the east side was brought about by Ephraim Stark- weather, a graduate of Yale college, who, it is said, with the assistance of the Nightingales of Providence, a well known family of merchants, purchased. May 14, 1770, a half-interest in a potash factory and estate of one-half acre, and the whole of four acres of land adjoining it ea.st- ward, from Ebenezer Storer, Samuel Abbott and \\'iniam Bowes, merchants of Boston. t How long before this date the industry had been es- tablisheil is not known, but a man named Selli WhiteJ is said to have been the original manu- facturer of potash here. In the hands of the new owner it evidently prospered, and as the former owners do not subsequently appear to •Memoirs of Wilkinson Family, p. 472. tNorth Providence Centcnni.il. p. 'JS ; Hcncdict' Reminiscences, Nos. Ki and 45. ♦Benedict's Reminiscences, Xo. 2. tBenedict's Reminiscences, Xo. 34. Jlienedict's Renuniscences, Xo. 30. 54 ILLUvSTRATHI) HISTORY OF PAWTT C K KT. have taken any part in the enterprise, it is likely that Ephraim Starkweather soon acquired the entire projierty. The potash mill lot* was on the river bank, and the factor}- was probably somewhere in the vicinity of the present Dexter Yarn mill. The sum paid for the half-interest in the factory and the four acres was ^,40 law- ful money. In 1774, Mr. vStarkweather purchased eigh- teen acres lying easterly of his original pur- chase, and including the land at the foot of Broadway and Walcott street, reaching In the river on one side, and running northeasterly to the Dolly .Sabin tavern. No roads, except cart paths to the factory and other points, then ran through this property, and it embraced the ter- ritor\' through which Cottage street now runs. This land was formerly owned by William Jenks, who purchased it from Peter Ballon and Ealles llallou in 1759 for ^,"100, but the tract was orig- inall\- part of the farm of Elijah Bucklin. In 1779, Mr. Starkweather purchased from Eben- ezer Storer and William Bowes a brick house, which stood at the present junction of Walcott and Main .streets. Bowes is supposed to have been a Tory, who was obliged to leave Boston with the British troops when they evacuated the place under General Gage. His interest in the property was disposed of by William Bant, act- ing as agent. Other property in the vicinity was subse- sequently acquired by Ephraim vStarkweather, who, in addition to his manufacturing, carried f)n a stfU'e in his brick house, and was an importer of foreign goods, probably purchasing them through the Providence merchants. His son, Oliver Starkweather, who was born in 1759, became the leading man in Pawtucket, Mass., after its incorporation in 1828, and inherited his *Benedict's Reminiscences, No. I!4. father's business and estate. About the liegin- ning of the century he carried on the industry of carriage making, his specialty being light two-wheeled vehicles, which he sold chiefly in the South. He spent his winters for years in Charleston, vS. C, disposing of these carriages. The workshops where this industry was carried on were in the rear of the Ijrick house. This finst settler, his son Oliver, and liis grandson, James C, each served in their time on the council of the governor of Massachusetts. Ephraim represented Rehoboth both in the Massachusetts house and senate, and was chair- man of the committee of correspondence in 1773. Oliver represented the town of vSeekonk in the General Court, was the first moderator of the Pawtucket town meeting in 1828, and voted as presidential elector for John Quincy Adams. James C. represented Pawtucket, Mass., both as senator and representative, held various local offices, and as presidential elector voted for General Harri.son.* Both before and after the building of the bridge in 17 13, Pawtucket was on the nuiin road between the eastern colonies and those to the south and west, and in the succeeding half cen- tury some of the dwellings on both sides of the river were very early utilized as wayside inns. The first house of pulilic entertainment, of which an authentic record exi.sts., is the Slack tavern. The house, which stood at 33 Main .street, oppo- site the jiresent Trinity church, is said to ha\-e been purchased by Eliphalet Slack, in the year 1766, from vSamuel Phillips,! father of Governor Phillips, of Boston, l)ut was, without douljt, en- larged by its new owner, and became witlely known by his name as a famous hostelry during and after the revolution. It was a long hip- ♦Benedict's Reminiscences, Nos. 2G and 34. tBeneilict's Reminiscences, No. o4. May 1-, 1S.54. vSTREET VIF.WS IX PAWTUCKET. 55 I STREET, LOOKIN ITV SQUARE, BRO r AVENUE, FROM < ' SQUARE. I STREETS. NG NORTH. I STREET, LOOKING WEST FROM EAST AVENUE. ' AVENUE, LOOKING NORTH FROM JUST BELOW SOUTH UNION STREET. C PLACE, OPPOSITE WJLKINSON PARK. 56 ILI.USTRATKD HISTORY OF PAW TUCKET. roofed edifice, is said t' 23, 174.1, within a mile of the ea.st side village of Paw- tucket. His father, Benjamin Slack, was a large landowner, and was a deacon in the old Congregational church in Attieboro. Col. Slack, as the ta\ern keejier was commonl\- call- ed, was also a large landholder. According to the evidence of his old account books, he carried on the linseed oil mill and the grist mill at the beginning of the present century, and evidently' was constantly j^ro.sperous in all his undertak- ings. He died June i, 1S26, without issue, leaving an estate of over ^^50,000, in which he bequeathed his wife a life interest, and at her death the propert}- was to be divided among his lirothers and sisters and their heirs, the bequests being carefully and explicitly stated. Some of the relatives received money legacies ; the towns of Rehoboth and Seekonk were each given $1,000: his ser\-ants were remembered; $2,000 was bequeathed to the Congregational societv at Seekonk (this was the old Newman church), on condition that his "engagement to pa\' a certain sum annually towards the support of the Rev. Mr. Barney, their present pastor," be re- linquished ; $2,000 was also left in trust for the support of a Congregational minister "in that part of vSeekonk called Pawtucket, provided that a Congregational meeting-hou.se be built within seven years. "* This last bequest was paid over to the Pawtucket Congregational society, which built a church at the junction of Broadway and Walcott street in 1829, and the money was used many years after to purcha.se a house for the minister.* Sarah .Slack, the widow of ICli])halet, died in [S41 at the age of 91, and left an estate of about $20,000. The old Slack residence, a three-story brick house, built in 1S15, is still in existence, on the southeast corner of Main and School .streets. In its day it was one of the two finest houses in Pawtucket, is yet an elegant structure, and is occupied by F. Eugene Barker. Another old building, which was ])art of Col. Slack's propert\', still stands on the southwest corner of Broadwa\- and .Slack's Lane. This structure was called in the will the "new tavern," and was for a long periotl conducted by F;ii]ihalet Blake. Col. Slack, after the revo- lulion. also liecame the owner of the tavern on the west side, at what is now the northeast corner of .Main and Broad streets. Col. .Slack was eccentric. t He had a mania for attending auctions, — vendues, as they were then called, — and was in the habit of bu3'ing up all the relics, odds and ends, that no one else seemed to want. These articles he stored away in a room in one of his buildings. This was known locally as his museum, and contained things, new and old, which no doubt at the present day would be highly prized b}' collectors. He was, notwithstanding this fad, a very shrewd business man, and was frequently employed as a broker to purchase property. In this capacity he bought the mill pri\ileges be- longing to the Bucklins, and was a member of the first cotton mill company which utilized them by the erection of the Yellow mill in 1S05. Another old citizen, who was instrumental in de^"eloping the east side, was Samuel Pitcher, who is referred to in 1769 as a tavern-keeper. •Benedict's Reiniuisceuccs, No. 35. ♦Historical .Sketch of Pawtucket, p. I/O. tBenedict's Reminiscences, No. 3G. EARLY SH IPRT'IT.niXG. 57 PAWTUCKET. LOOKING WEST. FROM THE EAST SIDE OF HAMMOND'S POND. In that year he purchased from I'l)ins()n built seventeen vessels,* of from 80 to 2S0 tons Inirdcn, in tliu >-ears from 1794 to 1S03, and eniploNL'd Ironi ten to t\vent>- shiji car])enters. During the same time Thomas Arnold built seven or eight vessels, and other jiarties als(.) built ships or boats. The two \artls on the river banks opposite each other " were the centre of a considerable part of business of the place." As early as 1775 Solomon Smith is said to have erected a dam on liucklin's brook, and utilized the water power to polish gravestones, but the business was soon discoutiiuied. A little further down the brook, Nathaniel Bucklin built in 1789 what was afterwards known as the Wheaton dam, erected a mill and carried on the manulat'ture of snuff for several years. t A clear and vivid account of Pawtucket and its industries was given by Dr. Timothy Dwight, President of Yale college, in the second \olume of his travels, published in 18 10, as follows : " 111 the iK)rtliwestern corner of Relioboth there is a eoiiipaet anil neat settlement on the Pawtucket river. This, with another on the western bank, form what is called North Providence, although this name in strict propriety belongs only to the latter. This village is well built and wears a flourishing aspect. The river is a large mill stream, and just below the village becomes navigable for boats. Directly \inder the bridge com- mences a romantic fall, which, extending obliquely down the river, furnishes a number of excellent mill seats. Of this advantage the inhabitants have availed them- selves. There is probably no spot in New England of the same extent in which the same quantity or variety of manufacturing business is carried on. In the year ♦North Providence Centennial, p. 31. tHistorical Sketch of Paw., pp. KD-IHI. 17!M) there were here three anchor forges, one tanning mill, one flouring mill, one slitting mill, three snuff mills, one oil mill, three fulling mills, one clothiers' works, one cotton factory, two machines for cutting nails, one furnace for castiufj hollow ware, all moved l)v water ; one machine for cuttint; screws, moved by a luirse; and several forges for smiths' works." Tlie two \illages at Pawtucket falls ])rac- tically became one communit\- aliout the time of the revolution, slowl\' lirought to that consum- iiiatiim liy the gradual increase in industry and the mutual interests thereby engendered. The locality' was a converging point of man\- nuain roads at a time when highways were the onh- avenues of tra\el and transportation. This led to the estal)lishing, on b create fraternit\' and fellowship. Jealous)- antl antagonism of course were occasioned b\' the competition of the taverns and b>' the rivalry of some of the traders and manufacturers ; was heightened Ijy the political separation, and at times was rendered acrimonious b\- the wide diversity of the original religious status of the two colonies. Neverthe- less, in spite of these causes of dissension, — the sediment of which still renuiins in the popular consciousness, — the villages coalesced — ran to- gether into one. Men on one side of the ri\'er owned property and became interested in manu- factures on the other side, the ])eojde inter- married, they united in establishing churches, schools, cluljs and societies. Thus eventuall\' was evoh'etl a social ct)nsciousness, and the Pawtucket eunimunilN lieLian ti> l_>e. CHAPTER V. THK VIIJ^AGKS AND NRIGHBORHOOI) AT THE BEGINNING GF THE CENTITRY, N( )TWITHvSTANDING the nuniher of shops and mills at Pawtncket falls at tliL- l)L'i;inning- of the present century, the number of men employed in the whole of these establish- ments was probably no greater than in many modern fac- tories that are not ni)w - a - da\s consid- ered large. In 1S03 there were only seventeen dwelling- houses ' on the Massachusetts side and about twice that luimber in the Rhode Island part, while Central Falls then had but two dwelling-houses, a chocolate mill, and a small shed used for manu- facturing. The coniniunity thus li\'ed in aljout fifty houses, mau\- of them known to be small, but in accordance with the cu.stom of the period large families frequently dwelt in narrow (piar- ters, so that the population was undoubtedly larger than at first might 1je inferred. Some of these old houses still exist and form interesting *Beaedict's Reminiscences, Nos. 24 and 26. UNIVERSALIST CHURCH HIGH STREET. reminders of the past ; and although it is impos- sible to determine the exact location of many of those that have gi\en ])lace to modern edifices, yet an appnjximate knowledge of their situation is a material lielj) in realizing the aspect and condition of the villages at that period. An account dealing with these early dwellings, and including glimpses of the neighborhood life, compiled from the narrative of an eye-witness,' may ])resent an instructi\-e iiicture of the times and people. Only one street — the oUl main road, now Main and Walcott streets — then led through the east side village. The lower part of Walcott street, from the junctiiin with Main street, was not then in existence, and Broadway' was not laitl out until about 1.S04. \'arious jirivate roads and lanes existed, which finally became accepted .streets. The majorit>- of the houses were assembled in a grou]) on the lower part of the road close to the Ijridge and falls. On the south side of the street leading from the bridge, was, first, the linseed oil mill, and next to it on the river bank, was the old Bucklin grist mill. Hugh Kennedy's low gambrel-roofeil house stood on the south side of the street near the present southeast corner of River and Main streets, on the site occupied by the Pawtucket ♦Rev. Dr. David Benedict. OIJ) lIorSKS ON THK i; AST SIDE, 6i liank hiiildiiin, hut it was reinovud up the street when tile ])ank builtliujj; was erected some time ihirinj; the first (luarter ol the century. A short distance further up the road from the Kennedy house was the farm house of John Bucklin, which was demolished 1)efore 1S50. The next Iniikliug was the house of Joshua Fislier on the north side of the road, an old gambrel-roofed structure, which was removed to where it still stands, 39 School street, about 1S30, and its original site is now occupied b\- the residence of Warren A. Frencli, 43 Main street. Early in the century. Dr. David Benedict lived in this house." Joshua Fisher also had a saddler's shop on the northwest corner of School and .Main streets. He after- wards built, liack of Slack's ta\erii, a small shop, which is standing at 9 and i i W'alcott street. Here he made saddles for the southern market. Im- iiiediatel>' ailjoining Fisher's house, on the present premises of the Stephen F. Fisk estate, was the Slack tavern, removed in 1842 to Water .street, where at 90 and 96, much altered and in two sections, it is still in use as dwelling- hduses. On the location now occupied by I{beii X. l.ittlefield's house, at the present junctiim of Main and Walcott streets, stood the brick house of Ephraim Starkweather.! ( )n the back part of the ground where Trinit\- cliurch now stands, was the large barn belonging to the Slack tavern. The small house of Cyrel Peck stood on the site of the I,arned Pitcher mansion, now occujiied b\' the To Kalon Club, corner of Pitcher and Main *Benedict's Reminiscences. No. 2(J. tBenedict'.s Rfiniiiiscences, Nos. 2 and ;54. streets. Another house, formerl\- the j)ro])erty of the Peck family, and which was built early in the centur\-, still stands in its original loca- tion, 25 Pitcher street, and lias been owned by Charles I„eggin since 1S73. At the southwest corner of Walcott and Siimniit streets, there had ju.st been built, or it was erected soon after the beginning of the ceii- tur\-, the mansion of Oliver Starkweather, which is still in the poss3e.s.sion of the Starkweather famil)-. This edifice at that time, and for long after, was the finest house on the east side. Dr. Benedict wrote his " History of the Baptists" RIVER ABOVE MILL STREET BRIDGE, CENTRAL FALLS. ill this liouse. On the northwest corner of the same streets stood the old Wing house,* then occupied by David Bucklin, but which is suji- jiosed to ha\'e been built by ,Syh-aiuis Wing, who ]nircha.sed the land from Samuel vSmitli, one of the first landowners in the vicinity; it was remoxed to Cottage street and re]ilaced h\ the mansion of E. B. Pitcher, which in turn was remo\-ed to its present location, 144 Broad- wa\-, when the present elegant residence of Mr. L\iiian P). Goff was erected. The remaining houses on the east side were ■Benedict's Reminiscences, No. 26. 62 ii,lt'Strati-:d hIvSTory of pawtuckkt. scattered mouiul at sonic distance from those alrcadx' mentioned. (_)n Scliool street, near \'ern()n, at No. 6S, stood the old Cook house, long since demolished. At the foot of Bowers street was the house of vSamuel Slack, which, with narrow windows and small panes, is still standing next to the storehouse of J. T. Cot- trell. Near by was the old Bowers residence. Accordino- to a neighborhood story that has survived, Mollie Bowers, the wife of S\lvester, was accustomed to ride a horse. Being of a sociable disposition she often visited her relatives, the Reads, and her neighbors, the Bucklins and Smiths, on the country road, now North and South Bend streets, some- times riding over after dark, when she is said to have carried asafcetida as a protection against wolves, with which the locality was then in- fested. On the site of the large brick .structure of the St. Jcseph's school, corner of Walcott and North Bend streets, was the Otis French house, which, in i8S6, was removed to an adjoining lot on Walcott street, some additions built on, and the resulting structure is now the St. Joseph's convent. The original house was built 1)>- Samuel Smith some time in the last centur\', and was used b^- him both as a store and dwell- ing. The pioneer dwelling of Samuel Smith was an old stone chimney house, which then stood on North Bend street a short distance be- yond the Otis French house, l)Ut was torn down long ago. For many years it was the home of Prince Kennedy or Black Prince, a negro, for- merly a slave of Hugh Kennedy. A little further along on North Bend street, corner of Spring, was the Abiel Read, also known as the Lyon house. It is still in existence, and is used as a dwelling and grocer}-. In the neighborhood of the Dolly Sabiu tavern, which stood at the junction of North Bend street and Central a\x'nue, there were, besides the inn, three other houses, the vSamuel Stevens hou.se, the Barack Bucklin house, close to the tavern, and the Ebenezer Bucklin liouse, off in the lots west- ward, through which it was reached b\- a lane until the opening of the Boston turnpike. The old tavern was removed to Lebanon, and was used as a mill boarding house. The other houses have long since gone.* An old stone chinniey house then stood on the northwest corner of South Bend and Divis- ion streets, and is supposed to have been the oldest dwelling on the east side. It is thought to have been the dwelling of one of the Smiths originally, and at this period was the homestead of the Oliver Bucklin farm. It was in existence in 1853, but was then very dilapidated, and has long since disappeared. On the liauksof Buck- lin's brook was the Nehemiah pjuckliu house, a large, square, substantial structure, said to have been a tavern at one time. It is still in being in its original location, on Prairie avenue, south of Hammond's pond, Init is in such a condition of decay that its days are surely nuud)ered. Previous to the revolution, Nehemiah Bucklin and his family dwelt in this house. The exten- sive Seekonk jilain eastward of this neighbor- hood, was, during the last half of the eighteenth centur}-, a great sheep pasture, where the flocks of many owners roamed, and supplied the wool lor the homesjiun cloth of the country-side. A path led across the plain, and the Bucklins ex- acted toll for passage, Nancy Bucklin, a daugh- ter of Nehemiah, who subsequently married Fbeuezer Jenks, being, according to tradition, the keeper of the gate. The laud along the main road to North and South Bend was open and cultivated to some extent. To the southward, where the Dnnnell *Beuedict's Reminiscences, Nos. 2 and 28. THl'; WKST SIDI': IX 1800. 63 jnintworks now are. was a dense forest, while to the northward, west of Cottage street and Broadway, along the river, was another forest. South of the main road the land belonged chiefly to three of the Bucklins, John and Nehemiah, brothers, and Oliver, of another branch of the family. The.se three farms ex- tended from the river to the edge of the Seekonk plain. The land to the north of the old road had orig- inallj' belonged to the Smiths, bnt at this period it was dividetl into farms, the prop- erty of Col. Slack, Oliver Starkweather, Al)ie! Read, Baruck and lihene/.er liuck- lin. and a few others. The west side, at the beginning of the century, was only a little more populous and compact than its neighljor. The vil- lage extended up Main street to about the present Broad street, down East avenue to about the now exi.sting junction with Pleasant street, and up Mill street, now North Main, to the \icinity of the old Slater mill. Main .street was the through highwa\- to Providence, ami it was then a very muddy and poor roadway in the limits of the village. Mill street was only a lane terminating at the cotton mill. Meeting street was a lane terminating at the Baptist IVY HALL, PA church. Pleasant street or Quaker lane, — the name then applied to the upper part of the ])resent Kast avenue, as well as the present .street, — was a narrow roadway, and extended to a connection with the old Neck road to Provi- dence. The mills and forges of the Jenks and Wil- kinsons were situated in the area along the river bank, south of the bridge, bounded bj- Main street. East avenue and Timothy street, and was reach- ed by various lanes. The shops of the Jenkses were on the river bank, between the Blackstone and the w a t e r - c o u r s e known as Sargeant's trench, and obtained their power from the lower falls, while the Wilkinsons' estab- lishments were on the upper side of Sargeant's trench or built over it. This territory, almost wholly devoted to the iron industry, was known locallv as the 'VTUCKfcT. Coal Yaul. from the quantities of charcoal that were stacked up to feed the \-arious forges. It was a labyrinth whose intricacies cannot now be deciphered from the coutem])orary accounts that survive, but its original character can lie inferred from the nm/.e of factories that luu'c exi.sted on the premises up to the present. 64 ILI.rSTRATK D HISTORV OF rAWTUCKET. On the south side of the bridge was a tall three-story frame building-, seated on the rocks iinniediately overlodking the falls. This had been occupied b\- I->ekiel Carpenter as a clothiers' shop, fulling mill and store, and in it Samuel Slater had operated his first spinning machines. The old forge of the first settler is said lo ha\e been down among the rocks alnmst underneath this structure. t)n the ri\er bank, south of the Carpenter building, was the old grist null. Ik-tween this mill and the forge, the western entl of the first l)ridge was located, and the great rock in the river, now part of the foundation of the river wall just above the new power .station, sei'ved as a central pier. The residence of Pardon Jenks was near the grist mill on the rocks near the ri\-er, and on its site a tavern had existed in early times. Beyond it on the river bank was the lower anchor shop belonging to the Jenkses.* Journeying up Main street, on the south side, the next building l)e>-ond Carpenter's fulling mill was the clothier .shop of Pardon and Jabez Jenks, on the .southeast corner of Jenks lane and Main street. On the southwest corner was a small store kejit by Tiffany & Read, adjoining which was the dyehonse of John Cummings, the hat shop of I{li Messenger, then came a small green shop, and next was the Blackington building, subse(|uently remo\ed to the present location of the A. T. Atherton machine shop, 96 Broad street. A small build- ing then existed on the southeast corner of Quaker lane and Main street, and was a loafing place for the \-iIlage wits and rhymsters, from which fact the location was long known as the Poet's Corner. This ga\-e place in the earh- years of the century to the residence of Major Ebenezer Tyler, a man of substance and promin- *Beue(licfs Reiiiinisceuces, Nos. ;i and 4. ence in the connnunity. Part of this old man- sion is still standing. ( )n the southwest corner of Blast avenue anil Main street was a general store of the period, where groceries, "cakes and ale" and New England rum were sold. This building gave place in 1S22 to the Union block, a four- story structure erected by Samuel Slater, David W'ilkin.son and Ebenezer T\ler, which was con- verted in 1844 by Enoch Adams into a cotton mill. It was afterwards purchased by X. G. B. Dexter, and was finalh' demolished and replaced by the pre.sent Dexter building* in 1874. Since the fall of 1875 the postoflfice has been located in this building. Adjoining this corner grocery were the mansion, store and l.iarn of Nathaniel Croade. The hou.se stood on the site of the Wheaton building, and the store on the site of the Dexter block. The barn was built in revolutionary times, and had been used as a distilleryt by Simeon Potter, of Swansea, Mass. Next abo\'e Mr. Croade's premises was the house of Thomas Spear, the site of which is occupied by Fletcher row, 242 Main street. Then came the Dr. Humphrey house, and next, near the corner of Park place, where the New Idea building is, was the Horace Miller house. All the land fnnn this point, including Park place and west of it, and south of Main street, as well as Wilkinson park and Church hill, and extending to the edge of the Iduff overlooking East avenue, was a grass field belonging to Oziel Wilkinson. The great elm, then a prom- inent landmark, which continued in existence until late in the present century, .stood in the roadway at the northwest corner <>l this field, the present junction of Dexter, Bayley and ♦Historical Sketch o{ Pawtiicket, p. 1.55. tBeuedict's Reminiscences, No. 4. FACTORY. STANDARD SEAMLESS WIRE CO. 66 ILLUSTRATI'D HISTORY OF PA\VTUCKI-:T. Main streets. Bej'Oiid this point, in tlie \icinit>- of the village, there were no houses on the south side of the old road. On the north side of Main street, beoinnin.t;; at the bridge, was the dwelling of John Pitcher, which had been built on the rocks of the river bank about 1750, by Jabez Hill, a skilled me- chanic. Near it was a small house occupied by James Hopkins. The next house was the man- sion of Jerathmeel Jenks, which, with its grounds, occupied a portion of the area now covered by the Miller and Spencer blocks, on the northeast corner of Main and North Main .streets. On the other corner was a two-story building used as a store, and in the rear, 70 feet back from the present line of the street, was the old stone chimney house erected by Juilge William Jenks. In 1 8 14 the house on the corner was removed up North Main street, the old stone chimney house was torn down, and on the lot David Wilkinson erected the present brick building, ' which, for man\- years was a hotel. A balcony on the Main street front was for a long time the ro.strum of the village, where political orators held forth at times of popular excitement, — during the Dorr war especially, — and from this elevatetl platform announcements were made, itinerant doctors lectured, important news was jnililished, fireworks were discharged, and mountebanks declaimed. Dexter's tailor shop and the old hay scales also .stood on the same projierty. Near by, on the northeast corner of High and Main .streets, was the hoiise built aliont the time of the revolution Iiy an Irishman named Toler. It was purchased about iSoo by Samuel Slater for a residence, was sold by him to Dr. Johnson Gardner, Nov. 4, 1830, but is still stand- ing, greatly altered, and now occnpietl for busi- ness purpo.ses. A tavern, built in 17S1 by I)a\id *Beuedict's Reminiscences, No. 40, Sept. 15, 1834. liallnu, stood on the northwest corner of Main and High streets, of which Otis Tiffan\-, previous to I Son, was for many years the landlord, and the structure continued in existence until it was rejilaced by the De Favour block* al)OUt 1S13. Next adjoining was the Samuel Heal}' house, northea.st corner of Baptist lane, now Meeting street. This was at one time the residence of Isaac Wilkinson ; the first meetings of the Bap- tist society were held within its walls, and Oziel Wilkinson's .store was in the basement. On the other corner of Meeting street was the vSweetland house, the site of which is now occupied l)y the Thomas T'ears in this old • Rew Maturin Ballon who was both a Baptist clergyman anil a carpen- ter. He was the grandson of one of the early settlers of Providence. The Rev. Hosea Bal- lon, a noted I^niversalist preacher, was tlie youngest son of this old resident of Pawtucket, but he was born in Richnidiid, N. H., where his father removed in 1770, and became the pastor of the Baptist church there. The house is sup- posed to have been sold to William Jenks by the Ballous. It was occupied as a tavern in the revolutionary period by Constant Martin, and was a rival of the Slack tavern on the other side of the river. When the French troops encamped between Pawtucket and Providence after the battle of Yorktown, the soldiers were good patrons of both these old inns, and no doubt enlivened the neighborhood with their exploits. Col. Slack became the owner of the tavern about 1795, and probably purchased it to obviate its rivalry with his own hostelr}', but ten years later he sold it to Ephraim Miller. In the lot northwest corner of Broad and Main street, rear of the location of the pres- ent Odd Fellows building and the Benedict Hou.se, stood the old stone chinniey house built by Ebenezer Jenks, which at this period was known as the Mason house. On the next lot above the corner of what is now North l^nion street, but which was then known as Hedge lane, was an old buikling occupied b\- Peleg Brown, a hatter. His wife was the ]iroud pos- sessor of the first umbrelhi owned in the vil- lage. The building .stood at No. 11 Broad street and was long after known as the Josiali Arming- ton house.* At the junction of Main street with the Smithfield road, now Dexter street, was the ♦Benedict' s Reiiiiiiisceiices, No. S. Croade house, afterward owned by Peter Warren, and a short distance u]) the street, on east side of the roadway, was the Dexter house, an old gambrel-roofed structure, which is still standing. I'rom this point there were no houses on the old road until the present neighborhood of Brown's machine shop was reached. The dwelling of Cromwell Hill, the father of Thomas J. Hill, the well-known manufacturer, stood near the corner of Commerce street, and across the road from it was the Barrows house. Between the ])resent site of Brown's machine shop and William H. Haskell Co.'s building, stood a structure used by Constant Martin for a tavern after he vacated the old Ballon homestead. His sign was a gorgeous likeness of Oliver Crom- well, suspended between two posts, and from this fact the saying originated that "Martin had hung the Protector." Adjoining the Martin tavern, was a small house inhabited by Freelove Jenks, a maiden \a.dy and a descendant of the Rev. Ebenezer Jenks. Somewhere near the present corner of Pine and Main street was the Betty Wood house, and in the rear of it, extending liack to where the railroad is now, were the Bagley pine woods. This was the utmost limit of the compact part of the village westward. On Quaker lane the first building on the south side, after passing the Poet's Corner, was the Salisbury house, which was removed to the junction of Lumber and Pleasant street. The next premises were the dwelling hou.se and shop of Sylvanus Brown, the wheelwright who made the patterns for the fir.st .spinning machin- er\- under Slater's directions. The house was built by Ebenezer Jenks about 1730, and the building at 42 and 44 Ea.st avenue occupies the back portion of its site. James S. Brown, the well-known machinerv builder, was the son of 6S I L LIT ST RAT KB HISTORY OF PAWTUCKI'.T. SylvcsU-r, and was l)n)iiL;lil ii]i in lliisnld honse. Tlic next linilding was a doidilc slu)]) nsL-d tor slidu making and tailoring, which was replaced in iSij l>y the W'eedcn family mansion, still standing, in an altered ,shape and position, at 4S to 52 luist avemie. O/.ielWilkinsou's residence, bnilt in 1795, came next, on the southeast corner of Timotlu' lane. In its construction wrought iron nails made in the iqijier anchor shop were used. The house of Benjamin Arnold, another Quaker, stood near that of Oziel \Vilkin.son. At the foot of Timothy lane was the tannery of Timoth>' Greene, the location being sul)sequentl>- utilized by his descenilants for cotton mills, and remained in their possession until recent j-ears. His barn was near what is now 86 East avenue. South of the tanner}- and east of the barn was a fine natural meadow, extending along the river bank. This field bore a fine crop of grass, and served the purpose of a barometer to the neighborhood be- cause the grass was so often wet by the rain while developing into hay that in a dry time a connnoii saying was, " if Uncle Timothy would mow his meadow* we might look for rain." On the edge of this field, at the ]ioint where the road to the landing — now I.undier street — branched off, was the Jesse Hopkins house, which was replaced by the Otis Walcott steam mill. That in turn was burned, and on its site about 1.S50 was erected, by Jesse S. Thornton & Co., the stone building recently partly torn down when East avenue was widened. Further down Pleasant street was Old Black John's house, on the site of which was erected the dwelling at one time the residence of William Jeffers, the fire- engine bnikler. The last house on this side of the street was the old Armington house, on the rocks, subseiiueiith known as Thornton's ledge. ♦Benedict's Reminiscences, No. ',i. The first honse on the west side of Quaker lane, bcN'ond the grocery on the corner, was the residence of Moses Jenks, built about 1770, and occupying a portion of the site of the present post-office. Gideon Jenks' s one-story gambrel- roofed hou.se came next at Nos. 23 and 27. It was moved back under the hill early in the cen- tury to give ])lace to Abraham Wilkinson's mansion ; was subseqnentl\' used as a waste- liduse b\- X. G. B. Dexter when he o]ierated the Union block as a >arn mill, and was finally demolished and re]ilaceil in its new location lay the steam mill of l!liss, Potter .S: Co. The Wilkinson mansion still stands on the old site. On the site of the brick buililing at 33 and 37 F^ast avenue, was the Josiah Miller house, built about iSoo, which was removed to the Provi- dence jiike when the jiresent structure ,was erected about 1S5C1. Timothy Greene's man- sion stood very close to tlie Miller honse, and opjiosite his meadow. F'rom tliis point there were no hou.ses on the west side of the street until some distance bex'ond the present junction of Pleasant street and liast avenue, where Nathaniel Walker's house stood under the hill opposite Walcott's steam mill. The only house beyond this was the l^ushee house, opposite the high garden wall of Samuel Green's property-. Beyond this there were no houses, but a hermit named Ua\'is lived in the woods near the river, about half a mile be>'ond the junction of Pleasant street and Pawtucket a\'enue, on what was afterward known as the I5ensle>' place. The first house lieyoud the Jerathmeel Jenks dwelling at the cc^rner, on the east side of Mill street, now North Main, was the residence of vStephen Jenks. It was a two-story building, stood below the le\-el of the street, from which it was reached by a flight of five steps, and oc- cupied the site of the brick building at Nos. 13 PRIMITIVE B L I' A C H K R I E S . 69 and 15, at present tenanted by Edward Smith. Near the north end of Manchester block was an old two-story house which was ori^inalh- a part of Thomas Arnold's flour mill. At what is now 69. North Main street was another two-stor\- dwelling — the Mill house — said to have been the first residence of Samuel Slater after his mar- riage, and which is still standing in a renovated condition. Opposite the old Mill house was the residence of Deacon Taber, which still stands in a remodeled condition at No. 66. Just south of where McCaughey & Co.'s furniture warerooms are now, No. 93, was a small building, the headquarters of a primitive bleachery, the grounds of which were along the ri\-er bank north of the vSlater mill, in the rear of the ju'esent police station, ami comprised the present premises of the F'airbrother tannery. In those times the wind and weather were the sole agencies em- ploN'ed in this industry, the cloth or yarn was spread out on the grass or stretched on frames, and the only mani- pulation required was water- ing the product in dry weather, protecting it in storms, or turning it when the sun and air were favorable. This work was chiefly performed by women, and the neigh- borhood tradition is that the bleaching meadow was presided over by an old woman known as Mother Cole, whose associates or successors were Mothers Higginson and Bagley. The use of such familiar terms indicates the .sort of a family character possessed by the industr\- of that period. TIk- i)nl\ other dwellings reached liy or tliniugh Mill street was the Levi Jenks, at one time known as the old Red House, which still stands in the rear of the High Street Methodi.st church, and is now a tenement hou.se. Beyond this, out in the lots, was the stone chimne\- house of Nathaniel Jenks. When Mill street was extended, the eastern ell, supposed to have been the original frame dwelling of the first settler, was directl_\- in the line of the new street, and had to be removed and attached to another RESIDENCE OF EDWIN DARLING, ESCj. part of the building. The entire .structure was taken down about twenty-five years ago to make wa>' for the jiresent building at 210 North Main street. At one time religious ser%'ices were held under an elm tree in front of this old residence by the congregation of the First Baptist church while that building was being enlarged. At this period the old red schoolhouse was the onl>- institution of learning in either \-illage. It was eret'ted about 1793, the principal men and 70 ILLUvSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. families in the vicinit\- contributing to the exj)ense, and was located near the site of the ])resent Cit\- hall on IIi.H"h street. The children on both sitles of the river were taui;'ht within its walls. In the course of time, some years before iiS5o, the old schoolhouse was rejilaced by Coluiijbia hall, which was in turn moved down the lot to make a passage for the con- tinuation of High to Main street. The old schoollunrse was the first meeting place of the Uajitist society Ijefore the erection of the church. It was a lodge room for the I'*reeinasons, town meetings were held within its walls, and for years it was the solitary' precursor* of all the halls, schoolhouses and churches which luu'e since Ijeen constructed in Pawtucket. Originally the schoolhouse was the only building on what was subsequently known as Baptist hill, l)ut soon after the beginning of the centurx' a large dwelling house was Iniilt by Elijah White nearly opposite the church. Near by, about the same time, the William Read house was built, which was removed, consider- ably altered, and is .still in existence at 63 East avenue. The houses mentioned comprised most of the .structures in the compact part of the village ; btit in the outlying portions of the territory of the city and in the present suburl)s were a luim- ber of dwelling.s — some of which still exist — built by early settlers, which possess more than ordinary interest. In the lot, corner of vSisson anil Main streets, near the junction of Lonsdale avenue, is a house said to have been erected about 1750 by John Scott for his son-in-law. Dr. Hughes. The neigliborhood had been known from early in the history of Providence as Meadow Hollow. Richard Scott, one of the proprietors and an early settler of Providence, had land in 1649* near Scott's pond, which was named after his familw Job .Scott, a niend)er of this family in the direct line, was a well known Ouaker jireacher, and died while on a missionary visit to Ireland. T On the old road to Providence, at what is now known as the Campbell place. No. 1059 Main street, was the old .stone house of the listens. In its neighborhood, according to tra- dition, there were in the times of the early set- tlers, thirteen other dwellings, all of which had disap])eared by the beginning of this centur\'. On Eonsdale avenue was the Comstock house, which in fairly good repair is still stand- ing at No. 15S ill the angle between the Wood- lawn station aiul the highwa>- bridge, and overlooks the railroad. The age of the build- ing is not known. The Comstocks have owned land in this localitx' since i'''56.t When the road, now Lonsdale avenue, was laiil out,-i June, 1716, the Comstocks lived in this vicinity and the new thoroughfare went through their land. John Comstock II was prominent in the new town of North Providence, was moderator of the town meetings and a member of the town coun- cil in 1-6S and subsequenth-. The Comstocks, like the ICsleiis, inlennarried with the Jenkses. About 1700, Esther, a daughter of Judge Wil- liam Jenks, married Thomas Comstock, and Phebe, a daughter of the Rev. Ebeiiezer Jenks also married a Comstock. A generation laterll Mercy and listher, two daughters of Dr. John Jenks, the son of Judge William Jenks, married ♦Benedict's Reminiscences, No. 8. *Prov. Town Rcc, vol. L', p. 4U. tBL-iK-dict's Rfiniiiisct'iices, No. S. JProv. Town Rcc, vol. L', p !)7. SProv. Town Rec, vol. !l, p. l(i. lINorth Prov. Town Rec, manuscript vol. HBeuedict's Reminiscences, No. (i. SCHOOL BUILDINGS IX PAWTT'CKET AND VICINITY. CUMBERLAND HIGH SCHOOL. ST. JOSEPH'S SCHOOL. GARDEN STREET SCHOOL. CENTRAL FALLS HIGH ST. MARY'S SCHOOL. HANCOCK STREET SCI 72 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT Thomas and John Comstock. A grist mill and a forge at what was long called Log Bridge, on the Mosliassuck river, was in these early times operated by the Comstocks. The Jeremiah Sayles tavern is a very old, if not indeed the oldest wayside inn, anywhere in the vicinity of Providence and Pawtncket. In more recent times it was known as tlie Pidge tavern, and is still standing on the next lot to the southeast corner of Pidge and Pawtncket avenues. Before and after the revolution the North Providence town meetings were fre- quently hekl within its walls, and the old toll hou.se was one uf its outbuildings. At the l)e- ginning of the centnr\- on the premises now oc- cupied b\- the residence of John L. Ross, 535 Pawtncket avenue, was the Adams Anthony milk farm. On the corner of Lonsdale avenue and Alice street, was the Shreeve house, on the site now occupied by the residence of Peter Thorn- ley. Further up Lonsdale avenue was the old Bagley house, built out in the woods, in 1717 by Joseph Bagley, a deacon of the First Congrega- tional church of Providence. An ancient dwelling worth\' of mention in this connection, is the I'Ueazer Arnold stone chimne}' house, built in 16S7,* and still in ex- istence in an excellent state of preservation. It *See Chap. 2, p. '21, for picture of house. is in the town of Lincoln, just beyond the village of Saylesville, corner of Lonsdale avenue and the Smithfield road. In the early records of Providence the locality is referred to as the "World's End." The building is somewhat modernized, and additions have been made at various times, but the stone chimney is still in- tact and occupies nearly the entire north gable. That the house .ser\'ed as a garrison as well as a dwelling originally is evident from its con.struc- tion, as it is heavily timbered, and on three sides the spaces between the studs were filled in with liricks, so that the walls were bullet proof in case of an Indian attack. At one lime it was a tavern, for in 17 10 the then owner was granted a license " to keep a public house lor entertain- ment of strangers at his tlwelling in Providence township." A short distance up the Smith- field road is the Benjamin vSmith stone chimnex' Imuse, which is not so large as the Arnold house, antl was probably built soon after it. There were only a few scattered dwellings where Central Falls and Valley Falls are now, and the country in their neighliorhood was practicall\- unoccupied. At the beginning of the century, the whole countryside consisted of the two hamlets at the falls with a few dwell- ings sparsely scattered over the remainder of the territory now so thickh' covered with the homes of Pawtncket and Central Falls. m^' LUCIUS B. DARLING, r-GOVERNOR OF RHODE ISLAND, CHAPTER VI. THE COMINC OF SLATER AND THE ERA OF COTTON. OXK f)f the main causes of the antagonism 111 the American colonists to the mother country which resulted in the re\olution, was the constant effort on the part of the British .HO\crnment to keeji the pioneers in the New- World in a state of industrial dependence. The new settlements liad hardly emerged from their first struggles with the wilderne.ss and with the natives, and the settlers had barel}' secured a breathing .spell from the primar}- tasks of clear- ing the land and providing food and shelter, when the home government began to pa.ss restrictive legislation. The colonists were ol)Iiged to tratle only with the mother country : the exchange of certain articles between the colonies was hampered by duties ; manufactures were discouraged or prohibited ; and the increase of shipping was considered prejudicial and dan- gerous. " If they made a hat or a piece of steel an act of parliament called it a nuisance ; a tilting hanuner or a steel furnace mu.st be removed," as their operation was contrary to law. ' Such legislation was passed in response to the demands of the Hritisli manufacturers, wlio feared that the>' would lose the American market, and atlopted this course to jirotect their interests. •White's Memoir of Samuel Slater, pp. 10, '20, L'l. These restrictions were removed V)v the success of the revolution, but measures adjusted to the new circumstances, with the same object in view, continued to be carried out. To export from Great Britain models or drawings of machinery, or the machines themsehes, was a grave offence, punishable b\' fine and imprison- ment, and the law was vigorously enforced. This prohibition applied .specially to machiner\' for the manufacture of cotton, wool and silk. By such means the great cotton .sjiinning inven- tions of Hargreaves, Arkwright and their con- temporaries, were kept out of America for twenty years after the>' had been in successful operation in England. Reports of their wonderful ])er- fonnances reached the United States, and created such an impression that efforts were made in many jdaces to obtain models and con- struct and operate the machinery, but no ])er- manent success resulted. The.se inventions were the first of the great .series that ushered in the modern SN'stem of production. A vague and my.sterious recognition of their value prompted unusual exertions to oljtain them, hut, owing to the prohil)iti\e laws, luigland, where the\- had originated, continued to monopolize them, and for a long period, as a result, was the leader of the nations indu.striallv. CHAPTER VI. THE COMING OF SLATER AND THE ERA OF COTTON. OXK i)f the main causes of the antagonism 111 tlie American coloni.sts to the mother country which resuhed in the revohition, was the constant effort on the part of the British govennnent to keep the pioneers in the New World in a state of inchistrial dependence. The new settlements had hardly emeri^ed from their fir.st .struggles with the wilderness and with the natives, and the settlers had bare!}- secured a breathing sjiell from the jiriniary tasks of clear- ing the land and proviiling food and .shelter, when the home government began to pass restricti\-e legislation. The colonists were obligeil to trade only with the mother country : the exchange of certain articles between the colonies was hampered by duties ; manufactures were discouraged or prohibited ; and the increase of .shipping was consideretl prejuilicial and dan- gerous. " If they made a hat or a jnece of steel an act of parliament called it a nuisance : a tilting hannner or a steel furnace must be removed," as their operation was contrary to law." Such legislation was passed in respon.se to the denumds of the British manufacturers, who feared that thej- would lose the American market, and adopted this course to protect their interests. ♦White's Memoir of .Samuel .Sjaicr, pii. l:i, Jii, L'l. These restrictions were removed b>- the success of the revohxtion, but measures adjusted to the new circum.stances, with tlie same object in view, continued to be carried out. To export from Great Britain models or drawings of machinery, or the machines themseh-es, was a grave offence, punishable by fine aiid im])rison- ment, and the law was vigorously enforcetl. This prohibition applied specially to machinery for the manufacture of cotton, wool and silk. I5y such means the great cotton spinning inx'en- tions of Hargreaves, Arkwright and their con- temporaries, were kept out of America for twenty years after they had been in successful operation in England. Reports of their wonderful jier- formances reached the United .States, and created such an impression that efforts were made in many ])laces to obtain models and con- struct and operate the machinery, Ijut no per- manent sticcess resulted. These inventions were the fir.st of the great series that tishered in the motlern system of production. .\ vague and mysterious recognition of their \alue prompted unusual exertions to obtain them, but, owing to the prohibitix'e laws, ICngland, where thev had originated, continued to monopolize them, and for a long period, as a result, was the leader of the nations industriallv. 74 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. The revolution brought to America not only political but also industrial freedom. Still, for a long time, there was little industrial inde- pendence. The development of manufactures had not only been prevented by adverse legis- lation, but had also been retarded b\- the natural difficulties incident to life in a new countr\-. The finer articles of clothing, furniture, tools and objects of art and luxur}", hail, of necessity, been imported. As a consequence, the belief, which at first was well founded, continued long in the popidar miiul that foreign goods were better than domestic. With the coming of peace in 17S3, a great impetus was given to new enterprises. The revolutionary .struggle. In- bringing the men of the various colonies together, and the necessity it created for rapid planning and vigorous action, had vivi- fied and awakened the minds of the people so that new avenues of exertion were sought after. The belief in the superiority of foreign goods, the difficulty of obtaining machinery and starting new manufactures, the luxury that arose as a natural reaction from the privations of the war period, — all prevented the immediate achievement of industrial indepentlence. The influx of foreign goods after the revolution drove domestic products in a measure out of the market, and discouraged and bankrupted many of the pioneer manufacturers. To overcome this difficulty a knowledge of improved methods and machinery was essential. This great want was supplied by Samuel Slater. He not only was the means of starting a new indu.stry at Pawtucket, but his achievements mark the beginning of an industrial era on the American continent. B\- his energy and intelligence the secrets of the new mechanism were revealed, and the prohibitive and monopolistic policy of the British manufacturers thwarted. Samuel Slater was born in Belper, Derby- .shire, I'higland, June 9, 1768, and was the fifth .son of William Slater, of Holly House,* an independent yeoman who cultivated his own land, carried on Imsiness as a tindjer merchant, and was jjossessed of consideral)le property. June 2S, 17SJ, when 14 _\ears of age, Sanuiel went to live with Jedediah vStrutt, at Milford, near Belper, as a clerk, and six months there- after, on Jan. 8, 1783, he apprenticed himself to Mr. vStrutt to learn the art of cotton spinning. His term of service, as stated in his indenture, + was six years and a half, and, with the prelimin- ary six months, the total period of his appren- ticeship was seven years. Mr. Strutl, who was the inventor of the ribbed stocking machine, had formed a partnership with vSir Richard Ark- wright some years before, and at this time the firm was erecting a large cotton mill at Milford. It was in this factory that Samuel Slater ser\?ed his apprentice.ship. He was, however, no or- dinary apprentice. He was a good accountant, " wrote well and was good at figures;" early manifested inventive ability in suggesting improvements in machinery; was thoroughly interested in the business, and had great con- centrativeness.J So well did he improve his ojiportunities that for the last four or five years of his apprenticesliij) he was general overseer of the mill, both in the manufacturing and in making machiner>-, which was then necessarily part of the business. He thus became a skilled mechanic as well as a manufacturer. During the probationary six months jire- ceding vSamuel's apprenticeship, his father fell from a load of hay and sustained such injuries that he died shortly afterward. Owing to this occurrence, and in accordance with his father's ♦White's Memoir of S. Slater, pp. 30, 31, 41. tWhite's Memoir of S. Slater, opposite p. 33. tWhite's Memoir of S. Slater, pp. 34, 40. SI.ATJ'R LI', AX'ICS KNOLAXI). wish, Saiimel signed his own iiulentures and transacted the affair himself. His share of his father's estate was two houses in Belper, a nail store and another building, all of which sold many years after for nearly $2,000. When he departed from ICngland he left this property intact as provision again.st future contingencies. Slater's apprenticeship expired early in July, 17S9, l)ut he continued in Mr. Strutt's employment until late in August, during this brief interval superintending the erection of an addition to the mill at Milford. For two years before this time his attention had been at- tracted to America through reading al)out attempts to es- tablish cotton spinning, and accounts of the bounties which were offered to inventors and manufacturers. * Evidently he had come to the conclusion that in the United States an opportunity was open to him to establish himself in business in his chosen occupation. In accordance with the character- istic which always distinguished him, he kept his intention se- cret, partly because of the laws against exporting plans and part- ly probaljly because he objected instinctively to the incidental worry through gossip and the reluctance ol his relatives to part with him, all of which influences might have prevented his departure for a time at least. He left his home vSeptembL-r i, ijSy, telling his mother when he took his clothes that he was going to London, but he wrote previous to his departure informing her of his intentions and destination. In his possession he had no draw- ing, description or model of cotton spinning or carding machinery, as owing to the severe laws then in force in Jvngland he feared he might be searched, and prevented from emigrating if any such documents were found on his person. The only paper he had was his indenture. The government officers passed him without question, as he looked, from his large frame and robust appearance, more like a farmer's son than a skilled mechanic* He sailed from London, STATE ARMORY. STREET, EAST SIDE. Septemlier i,^, 17S9, and arrived in Xew York, November 18, after a passage of sixty-six da\s. Thus a youth of 21, brought the first accurate knowledge of the won.\: Ihown. This machinery,' at the time (if Slater's arrixal, consisted of two spinning frames, one of 32 and the other of 24 spindles ; an S4-spiiidle and a 6o-s]iindle spinning jenny : and a ♦White's Memoir of S. Slater, p. 72, •White's Memoir of S. Slater, p. 64. THE FIRST SPINNIXC; MACHIXHRV. (louliliii;^ :iiul twisting jeinn- and a stock caul ; which were all located in the Ivzekiel Carpenter clothier Iniihling, on the sonthwest abutment of the bridge at Pawtucket, where they had been placed so that the water power might be used. The spinning frames could not be operated at a profit, and were not in use ; hut some },"arn of a poor quality was produced on the jennies. Almy & Brown had a number of Scotch and Irish weavers w o r k i n g for them . The looms were lo- cated in the cellars or first floors of private houses, and probaltly a number of them were m the \'illage of Pawtucket. liecanse cotton yarn could not be produced, linen warps were used, but the varn spvni on the jennies, most of which were run in jnivate houses, was utilizeil for filling. The firm's production b}- these methods in the year and a half from June II, lySy, to Jan. i, 1791, was 1S9 pieces, containing 4556 yards, and the goods were corduroy, royal rib, demins, cottonets, jeans and fustian, which sold from i .shilling and 8 pence to 4 shillings a yard. After the spinning machiner\- was put in successlnl operation at the end of 1790, the increase of the ]irodnction was very great. nuring the first ten months of 1791 the total was GROVE STREET SCHOOL. ,^26 pieces aggregating 7S23 yards.* Slater ex'idently attemjited to operate the machinery he found in the clothier's building. Cer- lainl\ the two spinning frames were utilized, for while thej- were not perfect they were an approximation to the Arkwright models. But the other machinery was enlireh- useless. The fir.st ten weeks after his arrival were prob- ably spent in tliese preliminary attemjits. Then, as it was clearly perceived that im- proved preparatory machinery was abso- lutely necessarv, a new agreement was made Ijetween him and Almy 6t Brown b\' which^ it was j)ro- \ided that he was to construct " two card- ing machines, a lireaker and a finish- er : a drawing or roving frame : and to extend the spin- ning mills or frames t o o n e Ii u n d re d spindles." He was to be the owner of half the machinery and receive half the profits, but was "to be at tlie exjiense of his own time and Ijoard," and was to be chargetl with one-hall the cost of both the old and new macliinery. He then began the construction of the .\rkwright machiner\-, beginning the work Ix-hind closed doors in the sho]i of .Sylvanus Brown, who •WhitL-'s MLtiioir of S. Slater, p. 05. 78 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. made the patterns* in wood under Slater's direction. These precautions were taken at Slater's desire, as he did not wish his models to be copied or stolen. Up to this ])oint little or nothing: had been accomplished, although Slater had demonstrated his ability by operating the spinning frames and improving them. That some doubt existed in the minds of the members of the firm is e\idenl from the expression in the agreement, namel\- : " the spiiuiing of cotton by water, of which the said Sanuiel professes himself a workman, well skilled in all its branches." He, however, had great confidence in his own abilities. The fact that under the.se discouraging circumstances he persevered and impressed his a.s.sociates with his own belief in his ultimate success, demon- .strates not only the .sturdy, unflinching and indomitable qualities of his character, but also his power of impressing others, all of which contributed so nuich to his success. When the patterns were finished, Da\-id Wilkinson forged the iron workt and turned the rollers and spindles. He seems to have been Slater's chief assistant, although other local machini.sts were also engaged in the work. Not- with.standing this effective help, the machinery- was constructed " princijially by his [>Slater's] own hands, "t He ]>r(il)ably assendded the parts and erected the machines, and all the details were .strictly under his supen-ision. Delays occurred, caused by the fact that the neighborhood mechanics had not been trained in machine construction, and the local "iron mills" were unable to do much of the work reiinired. Slater was obliged to go with Da\'iil •White's Memoir of ,S. Slater, p. 74. tDavid Wilkinson's Reminiscences, North Pr dence Centennial, p. 77. ^White's Memoir of S. Slater, p. 42. Wilkinson to Mansfield, Mass., to have castings iiuule for card rims and wheels.* When the machinery was completed the cards wotdd not work, and Slater was nitich discouraged, 1 but through the assistance of Pliny Earle, a ma- chinist who had been engaged to construct them, the defect, which was that the teeth were not bent sufficiently, was remedied and success assured. The credit of this achievement has by tradition been ascribed to other mechanics, among whom are Syh'anus Brown and John Field. Because of these hindrances the machinery was not in ftdl operation until Dec. 20, 1790, ele\'en months after Slater's arri\-al in Paw- tncket. At least one of the spiiniing frames! was completed before this time, but it could not l:)e run constantly until the "preparatory ma- chinery" was finished. The machinery then consisted of three cards, drawing and roving- frames, and two .spinning frames, one of 24 and the other of 4.S spindles. The motive ])o\ver was obtainetl from the okl fulling mill water wheel. This was .so exposed that it was fre- quentl}- frozenS in the wheel pit during the first winter, and Slater was obliged to break it out Itefore he coidd start the machinerN-. The oj)er- atives were >-oung children. Four were em- ployed the first week, eight the next, nine the third and fourth, and about that number, or a few more, while the business was continued in the clothier's shop. The names of these first cotton factory operatives were : Torpen, Charles, Eunice and Ann .\rnold ; Jabez, John ami \'ar- nus Jeiiks ; Smith Wilkinson and Otis Barrows. || *I)avid Wilkinson's Remini.scences, North Provi- dence Centennial, p. 7S. tWhite's Memoirs of S. Slater, p. I)(i. Jl^etter of Moses Brown, p. S5, Slater's Memoir. gWhite's Memoir of S. Slater, p. 9,S. II White's Memoir of S. Slater, p. 99. ERECTION OF THE OLD SLATER MILL- 79 In these premises and with this machinery, vShiter and his partners carrieil on the manufac- ture for twenty months, and liad produced so much yarn that the local weav^ers could not con- sume it and no market could be found for sev- eral thousand ])ountls. Almy & Brown also had a chehouse and occupied other buildings which has a longer staple than the Sea Island, and a fibre like silk. When tlie business was demonstrated to be a success, it was decided to erect a factory where all the operations could be carried on under one roof. Accordingly, early in 1793, a building was begun on the west bank of the RESIDENCE OF ROBERT CROSSLEY, where the clf)th their weavers produced was calendered and finished. These various opera- tions were carried on in different buildings, and at some inconvenience. Slater sent some of his first yarn to his old master, Jedediah Strutt, who said it was as good as any made in Eng- land. The cotton first used was Surinam, ri\'er, the first machines were remox'ed to it, ad- ditional machinery built, and on the 12th of Jul\', 1793, operations were begun in this fac- tory. This old mill is still .standing at the west end of the upper dam, but it has been added to at various times, .so that while the original tim- bers remain the structure is trreatlv chauired in 8o I UL US 'PR AT]'; I) HISTORY ( ) !■ 1' A W'T U C K IvT. appearance. Willi llie starting of tliis niill the firm was renr.oani/.ed, tln' ]>:iitneis bein;^ ( »lia- (liali liriiwn, sun nl Moses lirowii, William Alm>- and Samuel Slater, wlm each had a third interest. ( )liadiah lirciwu i-niitiiuied in the Inisiness until his death, and Slater retained his third until iSjg, when he sold out to Wil- liam .\lm\-. ' The ])rodnetion in the old clotliier's sho]) was so mneh in excess "1 the immediate demand that Moses lirown was afraid all his farms would lie spun into yarn, and he called a halt, which proliahlx- accounts for the inter\-al he- tween the end r)f the " twent\- nmnths," about Xov. I, 171)2, and the starting of the old mill. This ])eriod was doubtless spent by Slater in constr-uctinj; new machiner\-, and dnrint; the latter part of the time in superintending the erection of the mill. vSlater's profits for the first twent>- months were o\er /,"400,t and he had in addition earned his hall of the machinery and stock. The loundaticms nl a fcntune were thus alread\- laid, and the \i)nng hjiglishnian, then onl\- 24 years old, was the owner of a third in the most ])nifitable business in the countr\-, established b\ his own ingenuilv and ]iersever- a nee. The first (Uitside market for the \arn was Salem. Mass. 'I'hen sume was sent to Hart- ford, Conn., but as the business developed, Philadelphia became the chief market. The first \'arn connnission merchant was Elijah Waring of Philadelphia, who acted as .selling agent for Samuel vSlater for many years. At the beginning. New York and lifistou took very little of the product, but a large amount was worked np at home b\- the local hand-loom wea\-ers. •White'.'? Memoir of S. Slater, p. '244. tWliite's Memoir of S. Slater, p. 7(j. When Sannicl Slater first came to Paw- tucket, he was introduci-d b\- Moses ]5rown to O/iel Wilkinson, and went to board in his house. Ivver\- one of the family seems to ha\'e treated him with great kindness, encouraged and sustainetl him in the tr\ing jierioil when he was bnikling the first machines, and the Wilkinson brothers, especiallx' I)a\'id, rendered him \-alu- able practical assistance. He fell in love with Hannah, one of the dangliters. Although the parents did not favor his suit at fir.st, because he was not a P'riend, the cu.stfim of the period being for Quakers to marry in their own re- ligious connection, yet they soon consented, vSlater's persistence and good sense carrying the day, as usual, and he and Hannah Wilkinson were married Oct. 2, lyyi, when he had been about two years in America. vSeven sons anil two daughters were born to them. Mrs. Slater dieil Oct. 2, 1S12, in her ,vSth year. He was married again, Nov. 21, iSiy, to Mrs. ]<'stlier Parkinson, who snr\i\'e(l him iiu" man\' \'ears, but there were no cfiiUlren by this second mar- riage. In the new mill at first there was the same nnndier of spindles, 72, as had been operated in the clothier's .shop. These were increa.sed and other machinery added as the business slowly de\eloped. The market for the \arn opened uj) to such an extent that vSlater thought there was room for another null. In 179S he formed a ]iartnership, under the name of Samuel Slater (!<: Co., with O/.iel Wilkinson, Timothy Greene and William Wilkinson, the two latter being also sons-in-law of Oziel W^ilkinson. The con- struction of a mill was begun on the Rehoboth side of the river, north of the bridge, but it was not completed and in operation until the middle of i.Soi. This dela>- was occasioned liy the fact that the machiner\- had all to lie made on the premises. For many \ears this was the uniform vS L A T !•: R • S F. N T I{ R P R I S E . 8i jiractice iiiilil a class of mechanics had lu'eii trained, chietl>- llironL;h .Slater's instructidiis, in the special line of mechanical constrnction. vSlater owned a hall interest in this mill, and was the manager and siqierintendent. I'or these services he recei\'ed a dollar and a half a day, and he performed the same work for the old mill, at the same pa>-.' I''or this wage of three dollars he lal)ore(l from twelve to fifteen hours a dax- for \-ears. In these two mills all the men who started cotton sjiinniiig factories for the first decade succeeding the starting of the industry at Pawtucket, received their training in constructing machiner\- and in the details of the manufacture. TheN- were, indeed, the schools for the pioneer manufacturers and machinists. As his ]iropert\' increased, vSlater extended his ojierations. He became a partner in some of the shops and mills ol the Wilkinsons, his wife's relati\-es. His brothel-, John Slater, who arrixed from luigland about 1.^03, and brought with him a knowledge of the spinning- nude inxented b\- Crompton, \\as sent to the northern ]iart of Rhode Island, where as agent for Alm>-, lirown 6t vSlater, he estalilished the \-illage of Slatersville in 1S06-7, being an eipuil partner in the enter])rise with the three mendiers of the original firm. He e\-entnally bought them out, and the property is still in the hands of his de- scendants, who, b}' means of this iniluslr\- and similar mills elsewhere, are people of inunense wealth. John Slater married Ruth, 1 the daugh- ter of J-, .Shiter was teni]ioraril>' em- barrassed. He did not o\\x- any ]iersonaI dcl)ts, Init he had endorsed fen- the Wilkinsons and others who had failed, and was thereby liable for $300,000. His property, however, anionnte- to William Alm\-, but he ultimately repurchased the latter. He also be- came the sole pos.sessor at the same time of the .steam mill in l'ro\-idence, and the mill at Wil- kinsonx'ille, Mass., in which he was a joint owner with David Wilkinson. As a result of these occurrences his industrial connection with Pawtucket was severed and was never renewed. The later years of his life were spent at Web- ster, Mass., where he dieil April 21, iS,;5, in his 6ytli year. He left a Iart;e estate, which has increased in the hands of his descendants, who are people of consequence and standing in the community. His .sons and grandsons have been manufacturers of prominence. After liis secontl marriage his wife erected a brick mansion house, which is still standing at No. 69 I^asl avenue, in a good state of preser- vation. Here, after his decease, his widow lived until her death, Dec. 23, 1859, aged Si years. vSlater was one of the f(ninders of the St. Paul's Episcopal church, and a tablet to his memory, erected Ijy Mrs. Slater, is in the \-esti- bnle of the church edifice. Soon after starting his machinery, .Slater is said to have begun a vSunday school* after the ♦While's Memoir of ,S. Slater, pp. liSl- plan of those with which he was familiar in Ivngland. Inslniclion was gixen in the regular blanches, and the school was not originally re- ligious in character. His jnijiils were the boys and girls employed in the mill, and >^later is presumed to have taught them himsell at first, l)ut afterwards teachers were hired and the ex- pense paid 1)\' the firm. Oziel Wilkinson and members of his fainil_\- also assisted. This was probably the first regular school in Pawtucket. Other manufacturers took up the idea and it was i)roducti\'e of great benefit. The .Sunday .schools of the First Piaptist church, and of the St. Paul's I{])iscopal church are claimed to be direct descendants of these original "first da\' schools," which were among the first of the kind in America. In his jiersonal appearance Samuel vSIater was of a commanding figure. He was nearly six feet in height, of a large frame, stout, but not fat, and his weight was over 200 pounds. His comiilexion was light, "his features regular, his foreheail broad and high, ami his expres- sion intellectual." He alwa\s dressed plainly, inostlv in cloth of his own manufacture, and his garments were loose and ill-fitting, as jutlged b>' jiresent-day standards. In his man- ner he was slow and dignified, but he was a strict disciplinarian, and expected the utmost diligence from those who worked for him. In that sense he was a se\-ere taskmaster. He kept a close watch o\er all his employees, es- peciall}' the l)o\s, and wcnild not tolerate any carelessness or waste of time or material. His character was as strongly marked as his personal apjiearance. He was self-reliant ; confident of his own ability ; shrewd, e.xact, careful, discerning, energetic and laborious : hated show and disjday ; was cautious, but en- terprising ; had great executive ability ; his integrity was uiuiuestioned, and he was scru- CHARACTERISTICS OF SLATER. pulously j„st i„ his dealings, and careful to keep his pron.ise.- he was just, l,„t se^■ere ; practical, with little senti.nent ; l,,u,U ' bluff, and nnpatient „f ^ossip and tattling. His letters show thai he had a dry, caustic hun.or. His n.ind was alert and active 'H> as he haauy of whom sought the old mill as a haven of refu-e • hut even ,n tins characteristic his common .sense predo„,inate.l for he always preferred rather to give work than ahns. I„ l.^ef Samul Slater, as he .said of hin.self, was a ■■plain, ,dunt Enghshn.an," who was singularlv well fitted to accon,plish the !;*f ;'"^ _'^" "" '"^ '"^' ->'' '1'- i" stress and toil became the lather of American manufactures." The success of Samuel Slater .stimulated other men throughout the country to engage in cotton .spinning. Mills were started, especially alter the beginning of the century, on every .stream in southern N e w E n g 1 a n d . Within a radius of thirty miles from Providence, in iSi2,there were in Rhode Island thirty- three mills with eighty-six thousand .spindles, and in 83 LYONS DELANY, ALDERMAN FOURTH WARl ALFRED E. TENNEY, MANUFACTURING HACHINtST F. EUGENE BARKER, HARDWARE DEALER. Mas.sachnsetts twenty mills with over sixty thousand SI- indies. Of the Rhode Island mills, five were in North Providence and eight in Rehoboth. The greater number of this total of thir- teen were in the village of Pawtucket, and several others were within the present limits of the municipalitv. The first mill in Reho- both was the one alreadv mentioned, built by Samuel Slater .S: Co., which be,.an opera- tions in 1801 on the ea.st side at the falls. Slater .sold out his niterest in 1810, and the firm then became known as ^^•ilkin.son Greene cV Co. The original mill was of wood, and was known first as the New mill, and then as the White mill. The stone "■•11 on the .second lot on the east .side, north of the bridge occu- p.es Its site, and was built by Timothy Oreeiie & Sons "in i,s., after the destruction of the first mill by fire. M-i,kinso„' Greene .S: Co., i„ ,s„, built a stone mill at the end of the upper dam pist north of the White mill. .V portion of this old struc- ture has sun■i^■ed the fires and vicissitudes of time and is an nuegral part of what has long been known as the Dexter yarn mill. 84 1 1, 1, r ST RAT EI) HISTORY OF P AWT U C K I-:T. On the snutlieast ahutiiiuiit of the liridge, (in the site of HnL;h Kennedy's oil mill, a fac- tory was hnilt in iSos by tile Cotton and Oil Manulaetnrini; Co., the jiartners in which were Nathaniel Croade, Kbenezer Tyler, Oliver Stark- weather, Benjamin Walcott, Eliphalet Slack, Dr. Billings and others." This mill was originally- known as the Yellow mill, and later as the liridge mill, and is still in existence, mnch altered, howe\er, from its original form. The same conipan\- built in iSi,:; the Stone mill, a portion of which is still standing on the east side of Ri\er street, near the bridge. Another cotton factory, started in tliose earlv \ears within the present limits of Paw- tucket, was at Kent's Mills, on the Ten Mile ri\er. A saw and grist mill was operated here about the beginning of the century, and was converted into a cotton mill in 1S1.19. The mill was on an island, and is mentioned in the act separating Pawtucket from .Seekonk in iSj.S. In icS_^6 it was owned by Remember and Will- mington Kent, contained fifteen looms and three hnndred and fifty-four spindles, employed six- teen hands, and turned out al)out one hundred thousand >ards of cloth annually. t .Suljse- queutl\- the village became known as Lebanon, a larger mill replaced the old factory about i860, and the manufacture was carried on here until 1S8S, when the factory was burned down. At jiresent tlie Pawtucket Dyeing & Bleaching Co. have works here. The other spinning mills in Rehoboth were the Orleans factory on the Palmer river, at the head of tide water, erected by the Palmer River Manufacturing Co. in iSii ; the mill of the Re- hoboth I'nion Manufacturing Co., erected in Rehoboth village in i Soy ; and the Seekonk Central Pactory started in 1810, on the Ten "Historical .Sketcli of I'awtiicl^fl, Goodricli, p. 01. tHistory of Rehobotfi, p. 2;!8. Mile river, a mile from its mouth.* Thus in the old town of Rehoboth, in 1 Si 2- 13, were eight mills, fi\-e of them within the limits of Pawtucket on the east side, and their presence, with the increase of population and wealth they brought, was the main cause, first of the incor- poration of Seekonk and then of Pawtucket. Some of the liucklins, about iSir, either utilized Solomon .Smith's old tlaniT or l)uilt an- other one on Bticklin's brook, and erected a small stone mill in which cotton yarn was manu- factured for three or four years, when the mill was burned. Alni}-, Brown (S: Slater then pur- chased the water power and forty acres of land aljout 1S17 from Nanc^' Bucklin, and here carried on the bleaching of cotton cloth and yarn, John B. Braid being the active manager of the l)usiness. The prennses were subse- (|uentlv utilized for calico jirinting, were oper- ated as the Franklin printworks from 1830 to 1836, and Ix'came the home in 1S36 df the Dun- nell printworks, which have since then been carried on here continuously. + Near the mouth of Bucklin's brook a mill was erected and calico printing and bleaching was begun in 1826 by Sinnnons L. Hall. In the course of a year he sold out to Dwight Ingraham, who converted the mill into a cotton factory. F'or many \ears this industry was carried on here, and the place was long known as Ingrahaunille, but at present the water power is not used, and the ponds and water courses are in a neglected condition. Meanwhile, on the west side the cotton in- du.stry was also increasing. Oziel Wilkinson and his sons in iSio built a .stone mill on the west bank, south of the old mill. This structure is still standing, was known for a long time as the ♦History of Rehoboth, p. 285. tChapter 4., p. 58. :;iIistorical SUt-tcli of I'au tuckcl, \k sIi. 86 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. LeFavour mill, and is now occupied Viv the PawUicket Gas Co. Tiinotlu' Greene converted his tannery into a cott(in mill earl\- in the cen- tnr\ , and his descendants lonj; continued to operate the factory here. The capacity of the old Slater mill had been successively increased until at this jieriod it had more spindles than anv other factor\', so that, although on the west .side there were only tliree mills, while the other side had four, the probabilit\ is that the num- ber of spindles was about e(|ual. The general business on the west side was, however, much greater. Precise details about the l)uilding of Slater's first machinery are hard to ascertain, as the ac- counts are vague and conflicting. Sylvanus Brown and David Wilkinson are both said to ha\e iin-euted the slide lathe,* and to have made the first machinery. The likelihood is that S>lvanus Brown, who was a wheelwright, made the patterns and woodwork of the ma- chines, and that David Wilkinson forged the ironwork, saw that the castings were made, and turned the rollers and spindles. Such, it may safely be assumed, was the latter's .share in the work, as he was a skillful worker in iron, his father's shops were at his di.sposal, and he was certainly the inventor of the slide lathe. t Other mechanics aided in building the first machinery, but the.se two were the chief assistants, and Slater was the directing and supervising intelli- gence. Through the experience thus gained, David Wilkinson became the finst special builder of cotton machinery. He established his work- shops in the basement of his father's stone mill, built in iSio north of the bridge, although pre- vious to that time he had made machines, prob- ♦Historical Sketch of Pawtucket, pp. 44, 48, 51. tDavid Wilkinson's Reminiscences, North Provi- dence Centennial, p. 8'_'. ably in the general .shops belonging to the family, for the cotton factories at Pomfret, Conn., built In- the Wilkinsons and others in iSo6. His father and lirothers were interested in his enterprise, and David was likewise a partner in their undertakings, but machinery building became his specialty. He sujijilied mills in Massachusetts, Vermont, New Jersey and Maryland, and sent his machinery as far away as Tarboro and Martinsburg, North Caro- lina ; Pittsburg, Penn.; and to places in Geor- gia, Louisiana, Delaware and \'irginia.* David Wilkinson was a mechanic of great originalit\- and versatility. When only five years old he had such an interest in mechanics that his father set him up on a bench where he could see Eleazer Smith make a machine to manufacture card teeth for Daniel Anthony of Providence Before he was twenty years old he assisted Daniel Anthon\- and his sons in the construction and care of the unsuccessful .spin- ning frame which afterwards came into Moses Brown's po.ssession, and which vSlater found when he arrived at Pawtucket. When only fifteen years old he went with his father to the Hope F'urnace, and in the course of a month moulded three or four paper mill screws, a task which none of the moulders there would under- take. Before he reached his majority- he, with the assistance of another gifted mechanic, Elisha Ormsbee, fitted up a twelve-ton boat, operated it by a steam engine and made a trip on the Seekonk river between Pawtucket and Providence. After their "frolic," as this ex- cursion appeared to the two young ])rojectors, the boat was beached and allowed to decay. Daniel French, from whom subsequently it is said Robert F'ulton obtained his ideas and the first draft for his steamboat, came to Pawtucket, ♦David Wilkinson's Reminiscences, North Provi- dence Centennial, pp. ,So-4. DAVID \VII.KINvSON. 87 .^i^- ^^^^^X,. D. W. ASHTON, and l)y careful inquiry drew from young Wil- kinson the plans and ideas on which this steam- boat was designed, and this information was without doubt an important aid in the construct- ion of the first successful steamboat.* About 1794 David Wilkinson in\-ented the gauge or sliding lathe, one of the most valuable mechanical contrivances e\'er produced. He had previ(iusl\' applied the same principle in making the large screws for oil pre.sses and fidling mills in his father's shops, but when constructing Slater's machinery "the owners were unwilling " that he should turn the rollers by such a jirocess, so the work had to be done .Ijy hand ])ower with hand tools. t In ijg.S he obtained a patent for this invention, but, on account of the backward condition of machinery manufacture at that time, the only money he made out of it was ten dollars which Richard .\nthonj' paid him for the use of the patterns. In recognition of the great utility of this inven- tion the United States Congress in August, 1848, voted him $10,000. Soon after the Scotch power-loom was introduced into this country in 1.S17 by William Gilmour at Judge Lyman's mill at Lymansville, North Providence, David Wilkinson began the manufacture of these machines. He is said to have aided Gilmour materially in getting his first loom in operation. David Wilkin.son may ju.stly be said to have lieen the pioneer cotton machinery builder in America in a .special and distinct sense. He was, however, a man of enterprise in other directions. He built the Iinion block, which stood at the corner of Pleasant and Main streets, and the Dorrance building which is still standing, corner Main and North Main streets, and his ventures in manufacturing, both in Pawtucket and else- where, were many and varied. In i,S29 he and his brothers failed in business as a result of the financial panic, and he soon afterwards removed to Cohoes, N. v., where he again engaged in *D. Wilkinson's Reminiscences, North Providence Centennial, p. 79. tD. Wilkinson's Reniiniscences, North Providence Centennial, pp. 77, 8:2. ALBERT R. SHERMAN, NATOn FROM PAWTUCKET 1889- ILLUSTRATI':D history of TAWTUCKI'T. making cotton machinery, but e\entiiall\' gave his time chiefly to constructing- l:)ridges and canals in tlie West. He was born Jan. 5, 1771, and died Kel). 3, 1852, at Caledonia .Springs, Prescott count\', Canada West. The two oldest sons of 0/iel Wilkinson were .Vbraham and Isaac, twins, who were born DAVID LeFAVOUR October 10, 1768. They formed a partnership in 1790, carried on their father's iron business after hi,s death in 1815, conducted furnaces in Pawtucket, Providence and Fall River, started and operated cotton mills at Valley Falls and Albion, R. I., and were associated with their brother David in manv of his undertakings. The partnership was dissolved at the time of the failure in 1829, and the brothers were never thereafter active in business, but (leorge, the son of Abraham, carried on some of the shops and mills for a number of years. Sylvanus Brown, who made the ]iatterns for vSlater, was a mechanic of unusual skill. He is said to have invented a machine for turning rollers and one for fluting them, as well as other contrivances for building machiner\'. His son, James S. Brown, established the large machine shop on Main and Pine streets, which is at [•resent conducted b\- his grandson, the Hon. James Brown, second mayor of the cit\- of Pawtucket. Although Moses Brown ne\er lived in Pawtucket he contributed \-ery largely to its industrial development. He fur- nished the capital for the continuation of the first experiments in cotton spinning and for .Slater's undertaking. B>- his jiersonal exertion and foresight he was the chief means of originating the cotton industry at Pawtucket, and the members of the original firm l)elonged to his family. In many respects he was a remarkable nian. He was one of the four Brown brothers who were jirominent merchants in Providence liefore and after the re\oIution, and some of whose de- scendants form the great manufacturing firm of Brown & Ives, which has continued the life of the old mercantile house in an unliroken line until the present. Moses, who was liorn in 1738, retired from the firm in 1773, and interested himself in study, philanthropy, education and social and industrial progress. He became a member of the Society of Friends before the re\olution, freed his slaves in 1773, assisted in establishing schools for the chil- BEGINNINGS OK M A C II I N K R V M A N U FA CT T K !• . 89 ROBERT CROSSLEY, dreii in the factories, and was greatly con- cerned as to the moral effect of the factory s\stena on the work people. He was also the fonnder of the Friends' School of Pro\idence. He died Sept. 6, 1836. Without being directly engaged in cotton spinning, he did more for its successful establishment than any man except .Samuel Slater. The influence of the jieriod brought forth other mechanics. About i.Si,^ Larned Pitcher started a machine shoj> on the west side of the river. Soon after he formed a partnership with P. Hovey and Asa Arnold, and they moved into the basement of the Stone mill and then into the Yellow mill on the east side. Ira {^ia\" was admitted a partner in 1S19, when the firm became Pitcher & Gay. Asa Arnold invented the differential motion for speeders and a machine for .separating wool, and Ira Gay invented a dres.ser and a speeder. James S. Brown, the son of SA'lvanus, suc- ceeded Mr. Gay in the firm in 1S24, which then became Pitcher ^: Brown. John Thorpe, a Pawtucket mecluuiic, invented a jjower loom in i.Si4.-' During this time, ulien other mechanics were making such notable advances, the Jenks family were not idle. The great fre.shet of 1S07 had carried away nearh- all their shojis on the " forge lot," which extended from the bridge to Jenks ax'enne and then south along the river to tile mouth of Sargeant's trench : but new struct- ures were at once erected. The forge shop was rebuilt by F)leazer Jenks, and his sons, Stephen and Eleazer, Jr. Moses Jenks and others rebuilt tlie .grist mill, which was replaced b\- a flour mill in iSTiv Tlie two sons of Moses Jenks, Pardon and Jabe/., erected a building for carding cotton and wool. In tlie basement of this structure a fulling mill and the manufacture of snuff were carried on.t The forge shops and the gri.st mill were in the rear of the lot. back from the street and reached bv the Pane. Mule HIRAM A. BRIGGS, UFACTURER OF COTTON SPECIALTIES. •Historical Sketch of Pawtucket. p]-. lU. C'l. iili. tHistorical Sketch of I'awtiu-ket. pp. til. liL'. go ILLUvSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. spindles were made and heavy forging done in the basement of the forge shop by a trij) hammer. On the first floor, Stephen Jenks had a machine of his own invention for cntting large spikes, and some time later, probably soon after 1810, he started a cotton picker, the first in the neighborhood. Prior to 1813, Otis and Benjamin Walcott had a machine .shop on the .second floor of this structnre. Eleazer Jenks, in iSi;,, Iniilt a machine shop extending from the mill lot at the bridge to the clothier .shop on the corner of Jenks lane, ami reaching back to the forge shop. This was soon after hired by David Wilkinson and occupied b\ him until his failure in 1829. About 1813 a mill was built on the site of the old clothier's shop on the southwest abutment of the bridge, by Pardon and I{benezer Jenks, and was occupied by Major Ebenezer Jenks as a spinning mill. Cotton s]iinning in this man- ner contributed to the general extension of industry in Paw- tucket, while the older influ- ence of the manufacture of iron yet continued potent. The former, by the demand for machinery and supplies it GEO. W. COKELY, i CARPENTER CO.'S BICYCLE OEPT., PROVIC W. H. DAWSON DEALER IN BICYCLES AND SPORTING GOODS. made on the mechanics, stimulated invention and paved the way for the diver- sification of industry which has become so marked a char- acteristic of Pawtucket. A centennial celebration of the introduction of cotton spinning bj' Samuel .Slater was held at Pawtucket, under the auspices of the city gov- ernment during the week be- oEALER IN BicvcLEs. glunlng Scpt . 2 8 , 1 890 . Thcrc were Sunday school, military, .society and firemen's parades ; banquets were numerous ; ora- tions were delivered ; public buildings and private residences were decorated ; the city put on a gala appearance, and the inhabitants gave themselves up to fea.sting, jollity and cele- Ijrating. One of the chief features was an industrial exposi- tion, where some of Slater's first machinery was exhibited ; modern cotton machinery of the mo.st recent design was also on view, and the contrast lietween the first and the last manifested the great advance that had been made in the manufacture. During the week many \-isitors came to Pawtucket, and the fame of the city was spread abroatl as it never had been before. HENRY L. SPENCER jixy Edilor of the Pawtucket Gaiettc and Chronicle CHAPTER VII. THK FACTORY SYSTEM — ASPECTS OF AND CHANGES IN SOCIAL CONDITIONS. THE first cotton mills, as compared with present-ilay structures, were insignificant affairs. Indeed, many single mills now contain more .spindles and produce a va.stly larger product than did all the mills in New England previous to 1812. The original fac- tories were only spinning mills, and furnished the yarn for hand-loom weavers, who wo\'e the cloth either in their own dwellings or in small shops containing several looms. Before the coming of Samuel vSlater, in e\ery farmhouse or village dwelling there was one or more spinning-wheels, and many families had also a hand-loom. These contrivances were then as essential as the sewing machine is in a modern home. Carding and spinning were chiefly done by the women of each household, who thus prepared the cotton, woolen or linen yarn for the wea\-ers. The majorit\- of the weavers were women,* Init nuui\' of them were men, chiefly immigrants from Scotland and Ire- laud, who had acquired dexterity at this occu- pation. Tlie cotton spinning mills, 1>\- ])ro\'iiling a large suppl}- of good yarn, operated in an ever-increasing degree to call into existence a class of such expert weavers. After coming from the weavers, the cloth was finished in the fulling nulls or clothiers' shops, located where water-power could be had and space secured for the outdoor operations of tentering and bleaching. At Pawtucket from the earliest period these fulling mills existed, and from them woolen factories were gradu- ally developed, as the spinning machinery was adjusted and adapted to the manipulation of the wool fibre. Manj- of the earl}- spinning- mill owners, following the example of Almy, Brown & Slater,* emplo)-ed hand-loom weavers, supplying them with yarn and taking all the cloth the\- could produce, which the mill owners fulled and dyed, calendered and bleached, ac- cordingly as it was cotton, wool, linen or mixed fabric. Samuel Slater, by following out and extending these forms of industry, and making use of improvements as they came forward, became, in his mills at Webster, Mass., one of of the earliest woolen manufacturers in the country. \\'ea\ing, however, was not the only oper- ation connected with the manufacture that had to be ilone outside the spinning mills. Although the cottt)n gin, invented b\' Eli Whitney the same year that Slater and his partners started the old mill, cleaned the cotton of seeds and rough materials, and from the standpoint of the planter and merchant matle it a merchantable ]irodnct, still, from the standiioint of the manu- facturer, the .staple required more careful cleans- •Historical Sketcli of Pawtucket, p. (a. ♦\Vhite's Memoir of S. Slater, pp. G:'), (57, 85. 92 ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTT'CKKT. NARRAGANSETT MACHINE CO., WOODLAWN. ing. Tliis was accoiiiplislK-d in tliL- (l\\x-lliii,i;s ' their help in due bills. But it was soon found more con\'enient and profitable for all concerned to have the em- bkc.inninCt of thk factory system 93 r plovers furnish groceries, clothing, rum. and e\-erythinj^ else essential, in exchange for the products or ser\'ices of the weavers, cotton pickers, and factory workers. As a warerooni was necessary in any event to transact business with the outside workers, it became eas)- and natural to transform it into a store. Probably soon after starting the old mill, Almy, Brown & Slater had such a store. The three-story brick building between the old mill and the .stone mill was built by the firm about 1810, and was the mill store for many years. Capt. N. G. B. Dexter was for a score of years its manager. This s\stem of "corporation stores" has endured until the present in isolated factorx' villages or in places owned exclusively by single indi\-iduals, firms, or corporations ; 1)ut with the dwindling of the domestic sy.stem of ])roduction and the diversification of industry it has been long outgrown in the centres of industry. The earl\- manufacturers found it dilTicnlt to secure workers to operate their machines. For this reason many of the first mills were located on small .streams in farming neighbor- hoods so as to be accessible to the rural popu- lation, and frequently the mill owners in the larger places like Pawtucket had to send out their overseers to engage the farmers' sons and daughters to come to work in the factories. The wages paid to these first operatives ranged from So cents to $1.50 per week. * The .state of society that resulted at Paw- tucket from the partial introduction of the fac- tory sxstem at the beginning of the century, was at first a source of great anxiety to pious and respectable citizens. Many of the persons Ijrought together by the exigencies of the new industry were separated from their home ties and such restraints as thereby had previously held them in check. They were forced into associations with each other, both in the factory and in the intervals of labor, and naturall\' sought social pleasure in each other's company. ISAAC SHOVE, JUDGE OF THE DISTRICtIcOUR "^Remiuisceuces of Horatio N. Slater, 1SS4. 94 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. RESIDENCE OF HEMRY A. STEARNS, No forms of public entertainment existed : there was no place of common resort but the tavern : and the prayer meetings at the homes or churches, while ministering to the wants of the few, afforded no adequate outlet for the legiti- mate longings and aspirations of the man\'. I'nder these circumstances, it was not at all strange that, to begin with, the wilder, more active, genial and convivial spirits, and in ex- ceptional instances tlie vicious characters, took the lead, and the factory workers thereby acquired a reputation for rough, rude and boisterous behavior, for drunkenness and de- bauchery, which was not wholly warranted by the facts. These allegations were, however, partially true ; but in place of proving that the people were altogether evil, such outbreaks onl\- dem- onstrated that even long hours of labor, and in many instances unhealthy and degrading sur- roundings were not able to depress the vitality- or suppress the abounding and virile energy of the common people. These de- fects of character, as they .sometimes appeared to be, were frequenth' the manife.station of those qualities which with more experience of life eventually made their possessors ener- getic, enterprising and resource- ful citizens. Re\'. Dr. Da^•itl Henedict, writing of social conditions in l^iwtucket at the lieginning of the century, says: "The state of society in this then small village, was, as a general thing, far from being desirable. The cotton mill business had brought in a large influx of people who came in the second t/ass cars. Such was the jirejiulice against the business that but few others could be had, and the highways and hedges had to be searched even for them. A body of loafers was on hand before, [the factory people came] who were, Ijy turns, inmates of the tippling shops and poorhouse, and not unfrequentlx' founil in the gutter. There was a set of old and .staid inhabitants of a \-er\' respectable class, who had made up their minds to live here the best wa\- they could. I'.ut when strangers came here who hail been accustomed to a good state of society, they made loud com- plaints, and their censures were frequent and free. Baiig-aU, Hard-scrabble, Bung-town, Pilfer- sliirc, etc., were with them appropi'iate epithets for the place. In process of time this state of things was succeeded by one very nuich im- proved. The roughest factory people had dis- appeared, aiul a better class had taken their place."* The roughest people had not actually 'Benedict's Reiiiinisceuces, No. 'I'i. EDWARD A. GREENE, GREENE 4 DANIELS MANUFACTURING CO. SOCIAI, KLK\'ATI()N OF THE FACTORY PKOPLE. 95 " disappeared." They had nierel)beeii changed, subdued, iiietainorphosed, converted, disciplined bv the order and system of the new industrial era into more rational and quieter human beings. As industry developed and the factorj' sj-s- tem more and more prevailed, continuous employ- ment and the friction of constant association grad- ually transformed the factory workers. This was not onh" true of Pawtucket, but of factor}- com- munities generallj'. ' ' From remote and .secluded parts of the country many people were attracted to the manufacturing villages by the employments, comforts, and conveniences which they afforded. Hundreds of families, originall\- from places where the general poverty had precluded schools and public worship, brought up illiterate and without religious instrviction, and disorderly and vicious in consequence of their lack of regular employment, have been transplanted to these new creations of skill and enterprise : ami by the ameliorating effect of study, industry and instruction, have been reclaimed, civilized. Christianised. Not a few of them ha\-e accumu- GEORGE H. WEBB, lated and saved, by close application and moder- ate economv, \'ery handsome estates. Indeed, such have been the blessed results of concen- trating and giving employment to a population formerly considered almost useless to the com- munit}-, that there is among our manufacturing population at this moment [1830] a greater num- ber of males of from twent)' to thirty years old, who are worth from $300 to $1000 each, and of marriageable females worth from $100 to $800 each, than can be found in any population out of the manufacturing villages."* This was written in the early '30s b\- a man who had studied the situation thoroughl\-, and is excel- lent and accurate testimony. With the increase in indu.stry that followed the introduction of the power-loom, especially in the decade from 1820 to 1830, the different elements in the social structure of Pawtucket l)egan to find their le\el, and societ\- became more harmonious and tranc|uil. The bringing •White's Memoir of S. SlaU-r, p. IDS. 06 ILLl'STRATKD HKSTORV OF PAWTUCKKT. together, however, of ii large luimber of people from iimny places, some of whom had recei\-e(l little education, while the majority had been lirought up under other and simpler influ- ences than prevailed in Pautucket, produced an intellectual ferment, a search after new ojiinions and "strange gods" that shocked the staid and respectable jieople. Old creeds ceased to ha\e the authority the\- once had, and a multitude of new religious .sects arose. " Reforms " of various sorts began to be proposed, both in regard to social autl indu.strial conditions. This commotion alarmed many of the clergymen anil other conservative citizens. Its innnediate effect was to break up old friendshijis and companionships : but new alignments soon fol- lowed. As after events showed, this social unrest was onl\' a manifestation of growth, and was a far more healthful sign than a slavish submission to old customs and traditions would have been. The busi- ness failures of 1829 somewhat interfered with this process of social change, but only temporarih'. Then, too, on the side of family life the influence of the old families who had possessed the land for generations was on the N C. FISHER, wane. coming N e w p e o p 1 e were forward. The out- come in all lines was the result of all these varied in- fluences acting and reacting on each other. There were many hard con- ditions connecteil with the factory system. The hours of labor were long, the mills poorly ventilated, the sani- tar\- conveniences either en- JubtPH W. MILLER PBOP. MiLiER BLOCK, tlrcly lackiug or very inade- quate. Only the fact that the first mills were so small, and that the rigid discipline and close a])])lication, which afterward became necessary, did not exist, jireventetl these conditions from becoming gross evils. As it was, the work people .soon began to demand better sur- roundings, and the quality of the acconnnodations for the help kept pace, in a measure, with the increase in the size of the mills. The poverty, \outh, and separation from their friends of many of the factory workers placed them at such a disadvan- tage that petty tyranny and oppression became possible to a large extent. "In too manv cases the manufacturers had ARTHUR T. STRATTON SECRETARY Y.M.C.A. IMPROVEMENTS IN FACTORY CONDITION vS. 97 lost sight of the human being whti operated their machines, and often mistook injustice and cruehy for order and discipline."* Such evils never became so intense in this country as in England, where in some localities they reached a degree of horror, frightful in the extreme, and which seem impossible of belief were the facts not substantiated by un- assailable evidence. In New England the scarcit>- of pojnilation, the ease with which people could turn to other occu- pations, the greater political freedom existing, and all the advantages of a new country, counteracted and nullified the.se tendencies to a very large extent. Efforts were made in Pawtucket to remedy some of these disadvantages within a very few years after the factory system came into being. Public opinion had some effect, but the refusal of the workers them.selves to endure oppres- sion, their resistance to petty tyranny' and objections to many of the evils that afflicted them, were the most potent means of bettering their conditions. The bidding between employers for the most skilled workers gave the em- ployees an opportunity to discriminate against the mills where the worst state of affairs existed. With such rapidity did the cotton industry- grow, esjieci- ally after the advent of the power- loom, that the demand for workers was greater than the supjily. The employees, in many cases not having permanent attachments to any factory localitx', were easily induced to move. A very large proportion of them thus became industrial nomads. The facilitv with which thev could go from jijace to ]ilace, or from factory to factorw and obtain work, nurtured a spirit of independ- ence that caused theni to resist injustice, made them at times unreasonable in their demands, and prom])ted them to agitate for better con- ditions. The high minded, conscientious and ilecent GEORGE E. NEWELL, emplo\ers under these circumstances treated their people with respect and consideration,* and those who were disposed to act differently were compelled by force of circumstances to fall 'History of Woonsocket.'pp. 171-2 •White's Memoir of Slater, pp. 125-133. 98 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY Oh' LAW" T U C K F.T. intf) line. Tlit- result was to create in New Iui.t;lan(l a species ol industrial denioorac)' (Inrinji; the middle \ears of the century that has had no parallel elsewhere. Here the people and their eniplo\ers fraterni/.ed. The two classes merged into each other in a greater degree than either before or since, and out of the ranks of the factory people came the niannfacturers, merchants, inventors, men ul affairs and of the professions. With the great development within the last half century these conditions have again changed, as a result of the growth of large factories and the concentration of capital, but THE TO KALON CLUB-HOUSE. the effect of this scimewhat id^dlic state of affairs still continues. In iS;,'. It ap])ears that at that time a labor paper was imblished at Pawtucket. R. I. It was known as "The New luigland Artisan and Laboring Man's Repository," and had been started b\' the Providence convention of Dec. 5, 1S31. Probably, like similar enterprises since then, it was short-lived, as no further record of it can be found. Thus early did labor agita- tion de\elop in Pawtucket, and was undoubt- edly one of the influences making lor impro\'ed social and industrial conditions. A portion of the report of the connnittee on education to this early labor con\-ention is worthy of quotation; "The opportunities al- lowed to children and >()uth em])lo\ed in manufactories to obtain an education suitable to the character of American freemen, and the wives and mothers of such, are altogether in- adequate to the purpose : That the evils com- plained of are unjust and cruel ; and are no less than the sacrifice of the dearest interests of the thousands of the rising generation of our country to the cupidit>' and avarice of their em])loyers. And the\- can see no other result in prospect, as likel\- to eventuate frf)m such practices, than generation on generation, reared up in profound ignorance and the final prcstration of their liberties at the shrine of a powerful aristocracy." The resolutions which followed were in favor of factory legislation and a ten-hour working day, and condemned imprisonment for debt. Thomas Doyle, of Providence, the father of the Hon. Thomas A. Doyle, the well-known mayor of the city of Providence for ,so man\' \ears, was elected corresponding secretary of this association. JOHN J. KENYON, ACTURER OF TAPES AND BRAIDS. ILLTJSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTTTCKET. Man\- of llif relonus asked for 1)\- these early a;j;ilators have long ago been secured. The o])portunit3- of education has been \ery largely placed within reach of every child ; the hours of labor have been lessened to ten per day, and less in many instances ; the sanitarx- conditions of factories, shops and homes have also been immensel\- improved. Much of this progress has been due to the persi.stent efforts of these unknown men who strove sturdily for better thing.s, and much is also due to the inevitable trend of events which compelled changes that have turned out to be " reforms." From tliis standpoint the outlook for the future is bright. Under the old domestic sy.stem the hand- loom weavers and the cotton pickers worked as long hours in their homes as they saw fit. Squalor, wretchedness and illiteracy were inci- dental in such an environment, and the>' existed in a marked degree ; but because sucli a small fraction of the then existing population were subject to these influences, the evils were not noticeably apparent. The modern sur\-ivals of the domestic system, the sweaters' dens of the great cities, exhiliit the possil)ilities for evil which were present in the old form of industry. The factory system with all its faults, 1)>' the fact that it brought people together, and thereliy enabled them by conflict and association to work out their differences, has proved a lieneficent agency, making for progress and humanit>-. The relative rights and duties of people to each other have been better defined, the terms of the problem stated, or in a way to be stated, and preparations therel)y more or less perfected for a ju.ster solution of the difficulties, many of which have been partially adjusted. Ready mone\- was a scarce article in Paw- tucket in the early years of the centurw The credit system prevailed, and "store pay" was the common method of pacing debts and trans- acting l)usiness, " Bills of exchange, if we may so call them, of the most diminutive size, were cnntinuall>" tlrawn on the factory stores and by the citizens on each other. The free circulation of cash in daily trade was but little known ; ever\thing went on to liook, and then into bills. Orders on the factory stores, which monopolized most of the trade of the place, were readily sold at a hea\-y discount for cash in hand." Cotton cloth sold at high prices. Alniy, Pirown & Slater sold shirting in 1.S12 at from 52 to 65 cents a yard, and in 1S13 the firm obtained $4.26 per >ard for gingham a yard and a half wide. All the goods of course at that time were woven by hand. Dr. David Benedict then re- ceived a salary of $400 per annum, and some of his people thought that was too high.* The leading manufacturers, more to facili- tate their business than to minister to their pride, kept during the first quarter of the cen- tury wheeled vehicles which thej- and their neighbors called by courtesy carriages, but which seem to ha\e been in appearance, char- acter and history like the "Deacon's One-Ho.ss ,Sha\'." Among tlujse who were thus provided were Oliver vStarkweather, Samuel Slater, the Wilkinsons, Ebenezer Tyler, Timothy Greene, and others. For years after he had acquired large wealth .Sauuiel Slater rotle around in a shal)b_\' old one-horse wagon. "Oliver vStark- weather's old chai.se had a pink stern, flat top, and was very ugly looking, "t Simple manners and no ostentation were thus the rule of life among the substantial citizens, and for this no douh)t the influence of the h'riends was largely' responsible. The sports of the box'S who worked in the first mills were few. Such fun as could be 'Benedict's Reminiscences, No. 10. tBenedict's Reminiscences, No. -0. SAM PATCH snatched dnritii; workinj; honrs was their chief recreation. In tlie suninier, swinnning in the river (lnrin<; the ncion hour or in the ex'ening- was a great source of aniusenient. Some of the more venturesome, l)olh men and l)o\s, were in tlie liabit of juniping from tlie rocks or tlie liridge into the deep pool below the falls," and this became a popular pastime, as spectators came to look on anil applaud, and the vanity of the l)oys was thereljy excited. Higher and higher junijis were made, but no one was hurt. The boldest and most daring jumper was vSam Patch, a niule- .spinner, who jumjied from the peak of the old Yellow mill on the east side. Like some of the ' ' sports ' ' of more recent times, Sam acquired a decided taste fortius dangerous amusement, and for the notoriet>' it lirought him. As the Pawtucket people had begun to object to the jumping it was discon- tinued, lint Sam Patch wandered off, entered upon his career as a professional juniper, and acquired lioth money and fame by his new occupation. He jumiK-cl into the Niagara river below the falls, and made a number of other ver}- high and daring lea])s, but finally came to his death in Xoxein- ber, 1829, at Rochester, N. Y., where he made a jump at the falls on the Genesee river. He had jumped at this place before, but on this occasion he was under the influence of liquor. It is said his body was never recovered. Sam Patch is reported to have replied to a question as to wh>' he engaged in what appeared to be such fooli.sli, dangerous undertakings, tliat it was his object to .show that "some things *lJeiieifict's Reiuiiiiscenres, No. ]'2. JOHN B. READ, can be done as well as others." He is thus said to have illustrated the " feasibility of all things."* Mrs. Abigail Patch, the mother of Sam, lived with her relatives for man}- years in the building known as the old Jones schoolhouse, where her grand-daughters taught a school for many years. She died in the old house July 29. i854.t The political upheaval in Rhode Island, in 1S41-2, known as the Dorr war, which was an *" Their Wedding Journey," by W. D. Howells, pp. \M. 111). tGazetle and Chronicle, April, 1879. ILLUSTRATED HISTORY Ol' PAWTI'CKET. HENRY A. WARBURTON, frage.* AltliouRh there was a great deal of talk, much of it " lireathing threatening and slaughter," it is a curious fact that the only man killed in the " war" was on Massachusetts soil, in the village of Pawtucket, Mass. This incident occurred on the evening of June 27, 1S42, when Alexander Kelb\-, who was standing near the end of the bridge, was killed l)y a liall from the musket of one of a bodj- of Rhode Island troops stationed on the bridge to guard the pa.ssage, prevent invasion from Massachu- setts, and blow uii the bridge in that event if necessary. The troops numbered about 400 at one time. They seemed to have fired a number of volleys recklessh-, many windows in the buildings in range in Pawtucket, Mass., were .shattered with the .shot, and a number of per- sons narrowly escaped injury.! attempt to obtain a more liberal form of govern- ment and secure an extension of the suffrage, was indirectly brought about through the fac- tory .s^'Stem. The intellectual quickening re- sulting from the assembling of the people in the factory centres precipitated discussions which resulted in making apparent to many minds the antiquated character of the political institutions of the state. Dissatisfaction with things as they were consequent!)' increased con.stantly, e.specially as the rising industrial forces found their political influence altogether nullified b>' the landed property and family basis on which the jiolitical comnumity rested. The result of the contest was a compromise on its face, but in effect a sub.stantial victory for the people, and culminated in the adoption of the ]iresent state constitution in 1S42. The owners and managers of the mills were generally in fa\'or of the old order of things, but the factory people and the mechanics were Dorrites, in favor of the extension of the suf- HENRY C. McDUFF, LUMBER DEALER. •Hon. Alexander Meggett, in letter to Gazette and Chronicle, May 12, 189(5. tLife and Times of Thomas \V. Dorr, pp. 147, 17-111. EVOLUTION THROUGH CONFLICT OF IDEAS. 103 The factory workers became a distinct class in the comnuinit}-. Many of them, coming from other places, being thus socially unacquainted and having had a different training from the townspeople, were compelled to kee]) aloof sociall>' and form companionships among them- selves. As time passed, through the influence chiefly of church fellow.ship, business as.sociation and propinquity, some intermarriages occurred between the children of the new comers and those of the old residents. These alliances were not numerous enough to alter the status of the factor\- people generally. The majority remained a class apart, those who were con.stantly coming in supplying the places of others who had be- come mechanics, clerks, or had gone into busi- ness for themselves, thus graduating into what were considered the higher social grades. Even to the present these distinctions continue, and the mills are still preparatory schools, training the lowest class of labor for higher things. In them the newe.st immigrants re- ceive their industrial education. They who "work in the mill" still occupy an inferior social position. But the diversification of em- ]iloyment in Pawtucket has afforded greater opportunities than most indu.strial centres to aspiring youth, and has tended more to level cla.ss distinctions and promote social equality. One of the social phenomena of the com- munit}- has been a local jealousy and antagon- ism between the two sides of the river. The Rhode Island people ^vere mo-stlj' mechanics from the first, while the Massachusetts folk were chiefly farmers. The artisans were not con- sidered socialh' as (piite eipial to the farmers. Then, too, the antagonism that exi.sted from the beginning between the two colonies of Rhode Island and Massachusetts found expression fre- (juentl}- when the people of the two villages came in contact. The freedom of the Rhode Islander and his neglect to provide officially for the church and school was an offence to his Massachusetts neighbor, who on the other hand was considered by the former to be too .severe and puritanical. These differences were ger- minal and their effects have not been altogether outgrown. Hut while the>- have operated as a means of separation, they have also, by the peaceful conflict of ideas they engendered, had a potent influence in shaping the character of the people. Pawtucket is at bottom a combination of the descendants of the Pilgrims and Puritans and of the schismatics of Providence Plantations with their advanced ideas of freedom of con- science and separation of church and .state. Her citizens have the right to be proud of both sources of influence, but each one will naturalh- magnify the one in which his pride centres. Here the two tendencies have met and merged as nowhere el.se in New England, but the battle has been fought out on the industrial plane rather than along the old lines. Much of the indu.strial versatility of the place is no doubt due to the mental quickening resulting from these varied and manifold differences ; but a great deal of credit must likewise be ascribed to the men of many nationalities who have also con- tributed of the richness of their inheritance to the industrial evolution of Pawtucket. CHAPTER VIII. THE UTILIZATION OF THE WATER POWER. THK water jiower at the falls induced Joseph Jenks, Jr., to set up his forsje at Paw- tucket. It also attracted Oziel Wilkin- son to the place, prompted Moses Brown to remove the experimental spinning machinery to the falls, and its ahundance satisfied vSanuiel Slater that he would have all the force necessary to drive his machinery. What a striking coin- cidence it is that the first cotton machinery in the Ezekiel Carpenter clothier building was operated b)- a water wheel located at or near the spot where the first .settler originally har- nessed the water power ? The early settlers, living on their scattered farms, and obtaining their livelihood from the fields, the woods and the waters, by farming, hunting and fishing, saw little advantage to themselves in the falls at Pawtucket. Of counse they perceived the water power was of use to the Jenks family, and incidentally to the coni- mutiity to whom they ministered as hewers of wood and makers of tools ; but this advantage was, in the minds of the majority, more than counterbalanced by the fact that the falls pre- vented the ascent of the river by fish, on whose abundance the inland farmers partly depended for their food supply. Both Rehoboth and Providence legislated* for the preser\'ation of the public fisheries at "Chapter 1, p. 19; Chapter 4, p. 51. the falls previous to 1700. The Rhode Island Assembh- passed general laws* in 17 19 and 1744, authorizing the towns to take action to preserve and improve fishing in the rivers, and between these dates and afterwards a number of special acts were also passed with the same end in view. The oliject of ihis legislation was to prevent any diminution of the great supply of fish that originally existed, and the means sought in each instance was the removal or prohibition of obstructions that prevented the passage of fish up the rivers. To accomplish this object on the Pawtucket river a canal was dug in the year 17 14 around the falls on the west side, "beginning at the river a few rods above the lower dam, and run- ning around the west end thereof until it emptied into the river aljout ten rods below the same dam." The theory has Ijeeu broached that this canal followed the channel of an old natural water course, which originally furni.slied an overflow outlet for the river when in flood. The canal became known as " Sargeant's trench," but utterly failed in its purpo.se, as the fish could find no use for it. Evidently, however, the farmers and fisher- men were not reconciled to this result, for the General Assembly, in October, 1761, on the peti- tion of John Dexter, of Cumberland, and others, *R. I. Col. Rec, vol. 4, pp. 1263, 511. EDWARD L. FREEMAN STATE RAILROAD COMMISSIONER AND SENATOR FROM CENTRAL FALLS. THE FIRST DAMvS AT THE FALL.S. 105 passed an act authorizing Haiilston Bra>toii, John Dexter, David Whipple, Daniel Mowry and Stephen Jenks to conduct a lottery and raise /,' 1,500 old tenor, for the purpose of making a passage through the falls for fish. The preamble of this act states ' ' that some trials had lately been made to break down the falls." The expense of completing the work, figured on this preliminary experience, was estimated at ^1,000. The surplus of ;^^500 was directed to be expended on the bridge. The lottery apparently did not materialize. The next step was an act passed b}- the legislature in January, 1773, "making it lawful to break down and blow up the rocks at Pawtucket falls, to let fish pass up." Attempts to carry out this act seem to have been made, but the opposition and influence of the mill owners probably pre- vented any serious harm to the falls or the dams. To obviate further trouble, the (rcneral A.ssembly, in June of the next year, appointed Stephen Hopkins, Darius Sessions and Moses R. A. BARBOUR, SUPERINTENDENT DEXTER YARN CO. Brown, a committee, "to see the said act trul\- executed, and that no rocks lie blown up but by their direction or permission."* It is need- less to say that the committee did not authorize anyone to proceed with the work of destruction. This episode marks the turning point in the rising importance of manufacturing as compared with fishing and agriculture, which up to that time had been dominant. For a long time the increasing use of the water power had been a good index of this approaching consummation. The forges on the we.st and the saw and grist mills on the ea.st side, obtained their power from the lower dam, which was constructed as early as 171S. Prexious to that time there was a dam on the west side extentling three-fourths of the wa\' across the river, and the beginning ot this structure had uiuloubtedlx- been constructed by the first settler. On the east side was another partial dam, probably first usetl for the grist mill GEN. WILLIAM R. WALKER, ARCHITECT. pp. ■2--2. -4S. io6 ILLUSTRATI'I) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. p. J MURRAY, of the Smith's. These two primitive dams were superseded by the lower datii, in which the rocks of the falls were made use of as part of the structure. The upper dam was l)uilt about 179.1, a .short distance above the head of Sargeanl's trench, and was designed to furnish jiower for the ■• Old Slater Mill." When the fact was patent that the fish would not " run" up vSargeant's trench, it was converted into a mill stream. About i7,v> it was dannned up and an anclmr shop built o\-er it, and between that period and 1790 another dam was built, and several other shojis and mills obtained their power from its waters. In 1796 the establish- ments on the trench were : on the upper dam, an anchor shop and a fuUinu mill; on the lower GEORGE SMALES, UILDER AND SCREEN MANUt FftAilK VV. WESTCOTT, clam, ;in anclinr shoji and a liark mill. The upper anchor mill belonged to Oziel Wilkin- son. .\bout 1797 it was taken d(i\vn and a new simp erected lnrt>' feet farther down the trench, on the site now occu- pieil b\- the ra>ne iK: Ta\l- increased. The adjoining fulling mill was converted into a machine shop, JOHN EVANS, and an oil mill was also started on the same ]1ri^•ilege. These euterpri.ses untloubtedly all be- longed to the Wilkinsons. The original u]i]ier anchor .shop, if it was fort\- feet higher u]i the trench, must ha\'e been very near the juescut line of Main street. When the trench was repaired in i,'^,S4, an ohl flood- gate was found in excavating JOHN H. /;/ASSMAR, DEALER IN TEA AND COFFEE. THE "GREAT FLOOD." EDWARD E. Fn Z, Oil Main street, which corroljorates the idea that the ujiper (huii on the trench was about where the street is now.' Tlie road- way must have been originalls' further south than at present, as the bridge at first crossed the ri\er from lietween the forge and grist mill, with "Fishing Rock" for its central pier. While these early industries were developing, the street was at this point from twelve to fifteen feet below its present Ie\-el, and crossed the Little river, as .Sargeant's trench was sometimes called, by a bridge, some of the timbers of which were unearthed when the ex- cavations mentioned were made. The lower anchor shop was the ])ropert\' of the Jenkses, and remained unchanged for iiian\- years. It stood Vietween the month of the trench and the main ri\er. On the other side of the trench was Tiiiiotli\- Oreene's bark mill. afterward converted into cotton mills and oper- ated both bv Timothy Greene and his .sons. These small water ])rivileges on the trench, originally developed to their full capacity by the Wilkinsons and the Greenes, have ever since been occupied by a labyrinth of shops and factories, and the industries here carried on have been of a greatly \aried character, in iron, textiles and other lines. The Wilkinsons ceased operations here on a large scale after their failure in 1829. In 1853 or 1854 George Wilkinson, the son of Abraham, sold the prem- ises formerly occupied by the up])er anchor shop to Payne & Taylor. "* February 15, 1807, occurred the "great flood " on the Blackstone river, which, while it entailed a great deal of immediate loss, cleared the ground in the "coal yard" region of a number of old structures, and thereby fur- nished an opportunity for the erection of better edifices. The water rose to such a height that it pcnired thiDugh .Sargeant's trench in a large LOhtN u. LADD, IISSIONER OF PUBLIC WC "Benedict's Reminiscences, No. 41. •Benedict's Reminiscences, No. 40. io8 ILLUvSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. SQUIRE ZENAS PHINNEY stream, and hollowed out a channel down to the bed of the ancient water course of " Little river." The damage was niaiid\- done by this auxiliary river. The east side escapeil almost wholly, but the western end of the briilge was carried awa>', and fourteen buildings, all ' inqiroN'etl. The enterprise of the Wil- kinsons in extending their operations and increasing the water power of vSargeant's trench, aroused the antagon- ism of their neighbors, the mill owners on the main WILLIAM J. BROOKS, FOREMAN FOR SQUIRE Z. PHINNE JAMES WILSON, COLLECTOR AND AUCTtONE APPORTIONINQ OF THIC WATF.R POWKR. 109 river, who thought that a nuich larger proportion of water was flowing into Sargeant's trench than the owners of that stream were entitled to. Although an agreement had been made in regard to the settlement of this diffi- cult\- as early as 1796, it was not carried out. Finally a law suit resulted, F^benezer Tyler and others against Abraham Wilkinson and others, the former being the owners of the water rights on the lower dam and the latter the proprietors of Sargeant's trench. The case was begun November, 1826, before Judge Joseph Story, associate justice of the United States Supreme Court for the Rhode Island District. The complainants claimed that the owners of Sargeant's trench were only entitled to a waste water privilege, but the court decided they were entitled to the flow they had enjoyed jirevious to 1796. A master in chancery, Richard \V. Greene, was appointed to investigate the matter and report the best method of apportioning the water according to the right of each part\- as thus set forth 1)\- the court. He made a report in 1S2S to the effect that Sargeant's trench was entitled to a flow of 1400 cubic feet per minvite when the water in the upper pond was up to the top of the dam, and this amount was to increase or diminish in projiortion to the volume of water in the river. The owners of the lower falls were entitled to all the flow from the upper pond and the mills operated by it, except the amount which flowed into the trench and subseqnenth' reunited with the stream below the lower dam ; the waste water from the mills on the upper dam was to flow into the lower pond anil would therefore be a\ailable for the use of the mills at the lower dam. In order to determine the correct projiortion that each mill on the upper dam was entitled to, estimates and experiments were carefully made by engineers under the direction of the master. .\fter dragging along for years the matter seems to have been finally arranged in 1S36. The water was divided into sixteen shares, and on that basis each owner or firm was permitted to have an aperture of a prescribed dimension through which the water flowed to the respec- ti\-e mill wheels. B\- this means all received the proportion to which they were entitled. The ownership, proportion of the water, and size of the apertures on a depth of twelve ROBERT D. MASON, £NT OF THE ROBERT D. MASON CO. II. LUST RAT K I) HISTORY OF PAW TUCKET. inches below the level of the dam was deter- mined npon in No\-eniber, 1S35, as follows: Almy & Brown, at the old Slater mill, owned five-sixteenth of the river, were entitled to a flow of 5906 cubic feet jier minute, and to an aper- ture 31.25 feet l;- and a foot in depth ; Thomas LeFavour and William Field, two and one-half sixteenth of the ri\er, 2953 cubic feet flow, and an aperture of 15.62 feet; Niles Manchester, one-sixteenth and William Field one-half six- teenth, were together entitled to a flow of 1771 cubic feet, and an aperture of 9.37 feet; Niles Manchester, Hannah Wilkinson and Daniel Wilkinson, one-sixteenth, iiSi cubic feet flow, and an ajierture of 6.25 feet. The two small privileges last mentioned are now consolidated in the Littlefield Manufactur- ing Company's mill. The old Stone mill was at this period occupied by ImcUI .S: Lel'avour, was subsequently known as the LeFavour mill, and is now owned by the Pawtucket Gas Co. All these mills ol)tained their water from the Slater EVERETT P. CARPENTER, OF THE E. P. CARPENTER CO. - REV. ALEXANDER McGREGOR, PASTOR OF THE PAWTUCKGT CONGREGATiON AL CHURCH. mill trench, which had supplanted the upper part of Sargeant's trench when the U])per dam was built. The aperttires led out of this trench, which v\ as referred to in the legal proceedings as the great flume. At its entl was the opening into Sergeant's trench, which was 7.41 feet long, to accommodate the flow of 1400 cubic feet per minute. Previous to 1836 the water was allowed to flow through the trench unobstructed whether the mills were running or not. but after that date all the owners on the upper dam, as well as the proprietors of Sargeant's trench, were obliged to maintain gates and shut off the water at night and during meal hours. The owners on the upper dam on the ea.st side at this time were ; the Walcott Mainifac- turing Com])an\', who owneil three and one- fourth sixteenths, were entitled to a flow of 3839 cubic feet and to an aperture of 20.31 feet; and C.eorge Wilkinson, who owned two and three- fourths sixteenths, was entitleil to a flow (jf 3248 cubic feet and an aperture of 17.18 feet. The CONSTRUCTION OF STORAGE RESERVOIRS. BLEACHERY AND iriE ROBERT D. MASON CO. Walcott Manufacturing Company operated the old White mill, erected in 1824 on the .site of the first mill on the ea.st side. George Wilkinson ran the Wilkin.son & Greene mill, erected in 1813, and which, after many changes, fires, additions and alterations, is now the property of the Dexter Yarn Co. All the details of this litigation do not seem to have been settled until 1843, when the mas- ter's report was finally accepted and the decree of the court confirmed. In a suit by Paul Greene, tlie owner of the lower privilege on Sargeant's trench, against Charles F. Manches- ter, the owner of the upper privilege, tried in 1856 in the United States Circuit Court, it was decided that the lower privilege was entitled to all the water flowing into the trench witlnnit any more obstruction than had originall\ exi.sted, and that no portion of it could be diverted by the proprietors of the upper priv- ilege into the main river by a .sluice-way, but all mu.st flow past the lower privilege and so into the river at the mouth of the trench. The Blackstone canal, which was opened in 1828, and operated for several years there- after, was a failure finally as a means of tran.s- portation. When it was discontinued the ponds and water rights which the jirojectors had se- cured as sources of supply, greatly increa.sed the water supply of the river. They were not, however, sufficient to prevent low water in summer. To remedy this, .some of the owners of water privileges contributed to the expen.se of a storage reservoir, built l)y Paul Wliitin & Sons at Whitinsville, in 1850. The same firm built the Holden resen'oir in 1866, the owners ILLUSTRATED HKSTORY OF PAWTUCKET. of the mills at Pawtucket, Central Falls and the varions \-illages contriljuting to the cost. By a similar arrangement a reservoir was also built at Pascoag, on the head waters of the Branch river, the main trihntary of the Blackstone. By these means the water power was rendered much more nniforni than formerl\-, because the water being stored up, less runs to waste, and it was available for use in sununer when the ordinary siipjih" was scanty. At one time, Harve\- Chase, who was a far- seeing man, proposed to raise each dam on the river one foot. This would have had the effect of increasing the storage capacity of each mill pond and of adding to the power of the lower dam at Pawtucket. But to carry out this pro- posal would invoh'e so nmch expense that no action was taken. The manufacturers, how- ever, have been agitating the question of the construction of reser\-oirs recentlv, and a com- JAMES R. MACCOLL, AGENT FOR LORRAINE MANUFACTURING CO, mittee consisting of John C. Wyman, James H. Chace and L>'nian B. (kjff, was appointed in April, 1895, to consider and report a definite plan. Becau.se of the increase in the total vol- ume of the water through the construction of reservoirs, the proprietors on the upper dam petitioned the courts to allow them to enlarge their apertures. Considerable litigation resulted which has never been concluded. an- inheritance passed into the hands of many owners, but the water power had hardly been utilized at all for many years. In 1885 Darius Goff bought the interests of three of these heirs: in 1S87 of five: iu 1888 of one, and in 1890 of four others, acquiring b>- these purchases about one-half of the property. He also purchased in 1888 the N. P. Hicks estate, formerly the property of the Greenes, — the lower water privilege on Sar- geant's trench. Mr. Goff died April 14, 189 r, but his sons carried out the work he had begun, and in January, 1893, they purchased the remaining half interest in the " Pardon Jenks," the " Xew mill" and the "Grist mill" estates, and thus .secured po.sse.s.sion of all the Jenks estate at the falls. In March of the same year they purchased the propertv of tlie Bridge Mill Paper Co. By these successive purchases ^^^ the entire lower dam became the property of Darius L. and ^^^^B^^^ I Lyman B. Goff, the sons and successors of Darius Goff. They ^m^ ^^\ I al^o secured control of the Thornton estate on the western river ^M -.11 -g m bank, south of the old Greene mill property. The falls and tj "^^ ^^ both lianks of the river southward for about seven hundred feet are included in all these properties, now under one manage- ment for the first time. When this property was thus in their pos.session the (Joff brothers formulated a plan to utilize it according to motlern methods. Their liraid and plush mills on the east side required about 500 horse power, leaving 1300 horse power available for other purposes, and which for some years previous had been running to waste over the dam. Thev decided to use this FRANK H. BORDEN, SECRETARY THE oAvio H»RLev CO. surplus forcc to geiieratc electricity for power, light and heat. 114 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTItckET. and they formed a co])artiiershij) with that end in view under the name of tlie Hridge Mill Power Com])any. The}- endeavored to ob- tain a charier from the (jeneral Asseml)l>' in 1S95. lint faileil to do so owinj; to the opposition of tlie Pawtucket Gas Co., which desired an EDWIN DARLING, exclusive franchise in Pawtucket for the manu- facture anil ilistrihntion of electricity. They, however, obtained from the Board of Aldermen on June 27, 1895, a license to distribute elec- tricity for general use, and Dec. i, 1895, the Bridge Mill Power Co. announced that it was prepared to furnish electric service. Work on the improvement of the water ])ower was liegun in August, 1894. Manv of the old landmarks and ancient buildings on the river bank were at once removed. A retaining wall was built on the west side, far out int' b>' the aid of the great highways they built. Commerce was thus maintained, interconr.se was rendered pos- sible, and the action and reaction which toned down local differences, removed prejudices, and taught men to know each other, had thereb>- opportunity to operate. In the New England colonies the building of roads in a measure kept pace with the growth of the connnunities ; but the extension of the highways in many instances hastened, while the neglect to build or maintain them in good re- pair, retarded this growth. The original settle- ments were nearly all on the seacoast, and communication between them at first was mainly by water. Massachusetts bay was the highway between Plymouth. Boston and Salem. Narra- gansett bay was the highway' between Provi- dence, Portsmouth, Newport and the Indian village at .Sowams. Probably much of the intercourse lietweeu Pawtucket and Providence, especially the transportation of iron and tools to and from Joseph Jenks's forge, was by the way of the Pawtucket river. While there were no roads in the modern sense of the term when the white men arrived, still the country was traversed in all directions by Indian trails like the modern footpaths that now run through the woods or along the river banks. vSome of these trails were well traveled roads of from six to twelve feet in width, and were made use of by the settlers. All the original highways were enlarged from them and nsualh' followed their lines. A nuich traveled Indian trail led from Providence to Pawtucket falls, and from the first was the main road. By it overland com- munication was maintained with Boston. It became, as the colonies developed, the highway between Bo.ston and New York, and continued to be the main arterj^ of travel until the con- struction of the railroads. Pawtucket became, pre\'ious to the revolution, an important way- station on this great highway, and in the limits, as well as on the outskirts of the N'illages on both sides, were many wayside inns which added to the business of the place. They were also important .sources of social growth, as by their means the village people obtained news and glimpses of the outside world, in their com- mon rooms the local social life centered and the gossip of tlie neighborhood circulated. On the ii8 ILLUSTR ATI", I) HISTORY () !• I'AWT T C K I'.T. east sick- the liest known inns wltl- the I)iill> Sal)in ;uul tlic- Shu'k ta\crns, and at a littk- hilcr pi-rioil thr "new taxern " conchu'ted 1)\' liliphak-l lUake. ( )n llie west siik-, in vl-vv early times, a taxern was maintained close to the bridge and near the grist mill, and in the revolutioiiarv period the Ballon homestead, whieh stood on the ]iresent t-orn(.-i ol Uroad and Main streets, and an inn which occupietl the site recently covered 1)\- the LeP'avour block, corner of Ili.gh and Main streets, were the principal honses of entertainment. On the outskirts of the \illage was Constant Martin's tavern, and half way to Providence was the Sa>les ta\ern. where a wayside inn was maintained for generations. At a later period, in the earl\- years of the ]iresent centur\-, the Pawtucket hotel, corner of Main and Mill streets, be- came the chief hostelr\-. On the western border of the present limits of the city, on .Smith field avenue, is the Lindsay ta\ern. erected about 1S25, and which is one of the best survi\ing examples of the waxside inns as they existed just ])revious to the ad\ent of the railroads. The Indian trails, like tlie modern rail- roads, followed the lines of least resistance, but the aborigines had no time for engineering. Instead of crossing a swam]) or bridging a river, they went around tiie one and forded the other. Their paths were thus verv circuitous. The old road between Pawtucket and Providence, which follows to-day practicall_\ the Indian lay- ABNER ATWOOD, out, exhibits this characteristic in a striking degree. It originally skirted the Great Swamp in the valle> of the Moshassuck, keeping along the edge of the morass above the wet ground, while on the other hand it avoided the hills to the eastward. It thus followed the easiest course and was both dr\ and level. Woodland ])aths, wherever they exist at the present day, are naturally developed on similar lines. The ancient Pawtucket jiath, widened, graded, and in some places straightened, now comprises North Main street in Prov- idence and a small part of Pawtucket avenue and the whole of Main street to the falls in Pawtucket. This entire thoroughfare should ha\e one name, and Paw- tucket street or avenue would l)e aiiprf)priate and historic. The first road on the east side was built in 17 16, after the bridge was erect- ed, and it, too, probably followed the old Indian trails : but pre\-ious to that date the county road around Seekonk plain was in existence, and the road to Mendou had also been made through the woods fron\ the Ring of the Town. The next highwa>- to be constructed after the old road, in the limits of Pawtucket on the west, was what is now Lonsdale avenue, which was laid out Oct. 2i). 1716, and afforded access to the settlements in Smithfield in the neighlior- hood of ,Scott's pond. It was long known as the Smithfield road. The okl Neck road, which ran from Pawtucket along the eastern side of Providence neck, was relaid April 6, 1723, by THK FIRST IIKIHW.WS. 119 JOHN F. O'CONNOR, F O'CONNOR 4 WEATHERHEA Joseph Jc-nks aiul Richard Hrown. Kvi.k-nlly it ha.l been in existence l,ef.,re that dale. This old road is probably the present I'leasant street in I'awtncket. and the Swan Point road and Roehanibeau axenne in I'mvidence. A road to the town lan.lint; was laid ont March 10, 1754, by Steplien Mcpkins, Richard Waterman an.l David Wilkin- son, was accepted by the town in .755, ami tlie bounds finally approved in ,763. This luKhway was lonu known as Onaker lane from the fact that on it were the dwellin-s of Ozid Wil- kinson, Benjamin Arnol.l and Timothy Greene, who were all members of the Society of Friends. Subscpientlv it became known as Plea.sant street. The lower part or .lirect approach to the landinir is now Lumber .street. After tlie revolution, when indu.stry began to increa.se at Pawtucket, new highways were opened as the communitv , .,, ,, developed. Mill street was laid out when the Slater mill was hudt. About ,So4 ,..el Wilkinson built the thirteen miles of the Norfolk and Bnsto, turnpike nearest Pawtucket. He n.ade all the spades, shovels and p.cks for this work in Ins own sl^ps The part of th,s road ,n Pawtucket is the present Broadway, and was for n,anv vears known as Front street. This turnp.ke becan.e at once the principal highway in ,,lace .;f the old road wh.ch had e.xrsted Iron, the middle of the preceding century, and over it and the Pawtucket pike the s.age coaches and freight wagons rumbled and swayed on their wax hetxxeen Providence and Bo.ston. Ihe Valley Falls turnpike, now Broad street, was built Uy Isaac N\-ilkin,son about 1812. The Smuhfield Turnpike Company was incorporated in ,805, and in October „S.6 the eastern and lower section of the road was renamed the Mineral Spring turnpike the be-^in- ning of which is Mineral Spring avenue in Pawtucket. The importance of maintaining the main traveled roads in good repair and the difficulty of accomplishing this by local efforts gave rise to the turnpike .system. The highways were built and maintained by private corporations, who ob- tained their incomes by tolls collected from travelers. Bridges were sustained in the same way. rilimately many of these turnpike companies became public propert\-, a result which happened in the case of the Pro\-idence & Pawtucket Turn- pike Co., which had maintained the old n.ad lor many years. The .state of Rhode Island continueii to collect toll for years after securing po.s.se.ssion. The toll house was near the i)re.sent junction of Main street and Pawtucket axeiine. With the development of industrx during the first part of the century stage coaches came largelv into use, and were ^~' ^„„I 1„ 1 I n • , . , . " JOKN WEATHERHEAD, enabled by the improvement of the highwa>s to reduce the time or oxonnor » w^therme/o. I LI.USTRA'ri'.I) HISTOUN' ( ) !• I'AW" 'P l' C K IvT. of travel between lioston and New York from a week, as had been the case before the revolu- tion, to abont fifty honrs. Tlie eoaclies ran between all the principal towns and cities, an- generalh' useil for local transportation, and continued to perform that service until tlie be- ginning of the .street car era in the 6o's. A stage known as the Pawtucket Diligence was run between Pawtucket and Providence in 1X25 by Simon H. Arnold. It started from the Pawtucket hotel and made two trips a day. This was not the begining of local stage travel between Pawtucket and Providence, as the coach liad been run before Mr. Arnold purchased it. Abraham H. Adams was the next stage owner. Then Wetherell & Bennett operated a line of omnibuses from 1.S36 to 1854, when Sterry h'ry ])urchased them and continued to run them until the>' were supplanted by the horse cars of the Pro\idence and Pawtucket street railroad, which was constructed 1)>- Hiram H. Thomas, and put into ojieration Ma>', 1S64. {•'or man\- \ears the onuiibus station was on Mill street in a building which occupied the site of B. McCaughey & Co.'s store, 93 North Main street. The Pawtucket Street Railwav Co. was in- corporated in iSX5, and its lines, now o])erated b\- electricity, reach e\'ery ]vart of the cit\' and suburbs. The cars of the rnion Railroad fur- nish transi)ortation to Providence, and those of the Interstate Railroad to Attleboro, North Attleboro and intermediate points. While in iS3(i four hours ami fifty minutes was the fastest times that the stage coaches could make between Providence and Piostou, the express trains now go through in an hour and the electric cars make the trip in less than a half hour between Pawtucket and Providence, and instead of two trips a day, like the old diligence, make over a hundred. vStrictly speaking Pawtucket never has had any commerce. During the latter part of the last century and the beginning of this century vSyh'cster Bowers on the east side and (rcorge Robinson and Thomas .Arnold on the North Prox'ideiice bank of the ri\-er built shi])s of ordinary size for the times.* But there does not appear to have been any vessels bringing cargoes for distribution through the surrounding country, and, with the possible exception of Nathan Daggett, there were no importing mer- chants. Providence transacted all the com- merce, and Pawtucket in those days afforded no opportunity for foreign shipping. At high tide there was enough water in the channel to float the largest \-essels, — .some of them of nearly three hundred tons burden, — that were built in the shipvards ; and probably a few vessels came up the ri\er earl\- in the centur\- with cotton for the mills, and lumber and other supplies for the growing communitx'. The neighborhood on both sides of the ri\-er in the \'icinit\- of the jircsent l)i\-ision street bridge was known locally as the Landing. Here the shijiyards were located. The town of North Providence owned in this region some •Benedict's Reiiiinisceiiccs, No. .\ililiess. North Providence, p. :il. Ceiitciuiial BEGINNING OF TlIK R I V K R TRAFFIC. land l)y the water side wliidi was called the ••Town Laiidiiiu." This was seme- times leased to individuals, is still jmh- lic property, and lies between Lunil.er street and the river. It is less than an acre* in extent, liaving ),een niateriall\- ahridged by the recent widening of the street, and is now occupied liy the De- partment of Public Works. The Town Lan-, and to have carried on a connnercial bu.sine.ss there, but his headquarters were at Seekonk Co\e, the mouth of the Ten Mile River. t "He had a packet that made regular trijis to Newjiort, and other ve.s.sels went to the West Indies." The first utilization of the I'awtucket riAcr and ,,f tlK- Landing in a nio.lern way was in 1S27 when Joseph Smith! and Clark Sayles began the business of bringing coal an.l lumber up "the river, and distributing these staples to the sur- rounding n.amifacturers and others in Paw- tucket and the adjacent territory. They estab- lished this new business on the ea.st side beh.w *S,-lie,luIe of City Propertv, .\nnual R.norH IS'l-, ojip. |>. IMIS. • • • tBenedict's Reminiscences, Nos. 33 and 38. ^Benedict' s Reminiscences, No. 38. PETER B. McMAMUS, PBOPRIETOR HOME BLEACH i DVE WOBKS. where the Division street bridge now is. .Mr. Sayles .soon retired from the firm. Isaac Ivllis became a ])artner with Josej^h Smith and the busuiess was con.hicted under the name of Kllis ^t Smith. .Mr. Smith finally became .sole owner, and aciiuired wharf property on both sides of the river. On the east side he owned about a thou.sand feet of the water front and carried on the lumber and coal business for nuiny \ cars under the name of Joseph Smith .S: Co. The l)usincss was continued by his sous until 1^574, when the name was changed to the Joseph Smith Co., which concern was suc- ceeded in 1883 by J. T. Cottrell, who.se 1 M.rS'P K A'l'i'. 1) IIISTokV ()!■ I'AW'ITCK I'.T. estate still coiulucls the business al llie old Landing.* When Clark isayles dissolved partnershii) with Joseph Smith he started business at what was sul)se(|uenUy known as the Thornton lum- ber \ard on the Rhode Island side, a short dis- tance below the falls at the head of navigation. Jesse S. Thornton iV Co. began the coal and lumber business here about 1.S40, which was continued until '•'^7^. This firm had two wharves here in 1^(15. t William T. Adams, who had l)een a ])artner in the firm of Jesse S. Thornton (.\: Co., after the dissolution of the old concern through the death of .Simon Thornton, built Adams whart now occujMcd by the Pawtucket Gas Co., at the foot ot Tidewater street and carried on for some years the coal and hnnber business under the name of William T. Adams & Son. In 1.S57 Smith Grant and George E. Newell .started on the west side the coal and lund^er business which has now developetl into the great concern of the Newell Coal & Lundier Co. The business was conducted under the name of Smith Grant & Co., until the formation of the present company in 1890. When this business was begun there were no wharves further south on the west side than that used by this firm. Pre\ious to rS4.S the firm of Mason & Crane carried on the coal business at what was then the foot of Division street on the east bank of the river. This location was afterwards occu- ])ied by the I'awtucket Coal Company, and since i8S.^ has l)een the scene of the operation of the Cit\- Coal Compan>-. This concern now occupies about 160 feet of the water front •Benedict's Reiiiinisceiices, No. ;!8 ; Geo. F. Kelly vs. City of Providence, before U. S. Circuit Court, 1867, testimony of Henry 1". Smith, p. 1 14. ttieo. 1-'. Kelly vs. City of rroviilence, p. 148. innnediatelv south of the Division street bridge, and the ])remises are coxered with coal pockets and hoisting apparatus of motlern construction. George O. Capron has been manager of this company since its organization. After 1S40, when the modern di\ersification of industry- in I'awtucket ma\- be said to luu'e begun, the navigation on the river rajiidly increased. Joseph .Sniitli in i.s^S had six small vessels discharge coal at his wharf, the largest one of which had 175 and the smallest 50 tons. In 1867 there arrixx-d twent\-nine vessels, averaging 197 tons, the smallest with 105 and the largest with 317 tons. In iShj Joseph Smith (S: Co. received about 6000 tons of coal and 3,000,000 feet of lumber. In 1840 Jesse T. Thornton iS: Co. received 764 tons of coal in 9 \essels, and also 1,132,665 feet of lumber in other vessels ; but the business increasetl to such an extent that in 1866 there was brought to the firm's wharf 961 1 tons of coal in 50 vessels, the largest of which had 250 tons, and the amount of lumber recei\ed the same year was over 5,500,000 feet, of which 1,252,787 feet were for other parties. The business of Smith, Grant & Co. increased from 300 tons of coal and three or four thousand feet of hnnber in 1857, to 78c)o tons of coal in 1866 and 2,750,000 feet of lumber in 1S67, besides which large cjuantities of brick, cement and North River stone were also received.* This lumber and coal was sold in a circuit of twenty miles — in Central Falls, \'alley Falls. Woon.socket and the \illages of the Hlackslone \alley, in .Seekonk, Cumberland, Rehoboth, North Providence, .Smithfield, Wrenlham, iManklin, Medway and .\ttlel)oro. h'rom about i8()o, besides coal and hnnber, brick, iron, grain, stone, i-enient and ha\- had also been brought up the ri\er in \essels. •Kelly vs. City of Providence, 1807, pp. iL'l, 131. I M P R O \' ]-: M K X T O !•■ T 1 1 ]■ PAW T V C K I-: T R I \' !■ R , ROBERT WILSON, CONTRACTOR AND BUILDEi This increase in the river traffic was not as great as it mioht have been, from the fact that the channel was nar- row, crooked and shahow, and that the bridges at the mouth of tile ri\'er between Providence and P^ast Pro\-i- dence interfered with its easy navigation. The increase in the size of vessels after i860 aggravated the effect of these conditions. The difference of ^^ ^ ^ lolT* s^ToL'^ders the cost of freight to Paw- tucket on these accounts was thirty-five cents a ton on coal and fifty cents a thousand feet on lumber as compared with the cost to Providence. This state of affairs was very un- satisfactory to the jieople of Pawtucket, and, as a result ot popular feeling in the matter, an agitation aro.se having for its objects the widening of the bridges and the deepening of the channel. After years of effort these improvements were secured . The Washington bridge anil the Central or Reil bridge connecting Providence with Kehoboth were built across the Pawtucket ri\er near its month in 1792 by John, Moses and Nicholas Brown and other leadin>' citizens and merchants of Providence and Rehoboth. The\- were both owned b\- corpor- ations, and were toll bridges until they became the ])roperty of the cit\' of Providence. 'IMie Washinglim bridge became free to travel March i, 1.S62. In 1S35 the railroad bridge was built near the Washington bridge. The draws in these three bridges were originally 24 feet wide, but in 1^59 the Rhode Island (leneral Assembly directed that tlie width be increased to ,^S feet. As a result of a lawsuit in 1S67 between (".eorge F. Kelly and the City of Providence, which was actuall_\' lirought by the peojile of Pawtucket. the draws were still further widened so as to acconnnodate the larger sized vessels that were then engaged in tran,sj)ortation. The first attempt to im])rove the channel of the Pawtucket river was made in 1867 when the United States Congress appropriated $17,000 for that purpose. From that time up to 1S82 the sum of $52,000 was appro])riated. Previous to the beginning of this work the river had only a ruling depth of five feet at mean low water. As the average rise of the tide is five feet, this only gave about ten feet at high water. Hv i.S76the channel had been vVILLIAM H. GOODING, . ESTATE broker AND AUCTIONEER. 124 I 1,1, r ST RAT I'D HISTORY Ol.' I'A \V T U C K ]-;T. (lr<.-(l!;cil liy thu j^oxfiiiiiR'Hl to a depth ol seven feet. I'iuIlt tlit- aii])ro\c(l project of 1.883, it was planned that a ehaniR-l 100 Icct wide and twelve feet deej) be constnicted from deep water above Red bridge to the ledge opposite Smith Grant & Co.'s wharf at an estimated expense of $382,500. This has l)een substantiallx' accom- plished since that period, so that to-da>' \-essels of large size, mammoth coal barges, drawing sixteen or eighteen feet of water can come up the river to Pawtucket at high tide. A channel 40 feet wide and 1 _' feet deeji is also to Iil- made through the stone ledge whicli here forms the river bottom, from \.\\v ]>oiut where the 100 foot channel terminates up to the foot of the Division street bridge. This remains \ et to be clone, but the work has been started. The main channel now recjuiri's re-dredging. On the afternoon of .May 16, 1894, a fire started in a blacksmith sho]) on the jn'emises of the Newell Coal & I,und)er Co.. spiead rajiidl>- to adjoining .structures, was connnunicated across the river by the three-nia.sted schooner, I<. P\ Hopkins, which ha\-ing had its liawser burned awa\' drifted diagonall\- across the narrowest part of the channel, thus foiiniug a bridge for the flames. On the we.st side the buildings of the Newell Coal & Lumber Co. and of Olney it l'a\ne 15ros., and on the east side those of the City Coal Co. and of J. T. Cottrell were destroyed, invoU'ing a total loss of about $400,000, and wiping out completely all the coal and lumber establishment on the ri\er. The premises of the Pawtucket <'.as Co.. next adjoin- ing Olney &: Payne Bros., narrowly esca]>ed des- truction. These establishments were inuuedi- ately rebuilt, and are now modern in ai)pearance and appliances. All the shipping facilities of Pawtucket can be viewed to rare advantage from Division street l)ridge, which is now the limit lor the navigation of large \'essels, although small craft can go underneath the brid.ge, U]) the rixer nearls' to the falls. The river is about one hundred and lilty feet wide below the bridge, and keeps this width for about two hundred and fifty feet, form- ing thus a miniature basin or up])er harbor, and the ri\er banks are formed by stone walls, which are a\-ailable as landings. Below this basin the ri\er contracts to about seventy-five feet and so continues for a di.stance of three or four hundred feet, when it .gradually widens out to about five hundred feet, and half a mile further down opens out into a bioad estnarx' from a third to hall a mile wide. Both banks are high and bold all tile wa>' to Providence harbor, ami are largely crowned with trees along the entire cour.se of four miles. A sail down the river consequently presents a series of ]Mctures(|ue views, including points, headlands, the bridges at the mouth of the river and the residences of Proviilence and East Providence on the heights overlooking the river and harbor. The Pawtucket steamers which run to the shore places on Narragansett l)av, have a landing in the upper basin a short distance below the bridge. From the elevation of the bridge the view has man>- picturesque fea- tures. Although the coal jiockets are bv no means things of beautv, yet the vista which the river presents, with its winding channel, its coves, the t:dl, grimy structures lining its banks, and the tree-covered .slopes of the eastern river bank, with the house of the Pawtucket boat chd) in the loregnmnd, forms a scene char- acteristic of modern life and of Pawtucket, — namelv, a c-ond)iuation of connnercial realism, with its sordid leatin\-s of toil and S(pialor, alongside ol elements ol natural .^race ami beautv. CHAPTER X. THE ACHIFA'EMENT OK POLITICAL UNITY AND THE COALESCIXG Ol' THI-: TWO PAWTUCKETS. THI'! western part of Rehoboth became dur- ing the early years of this century so radically distinct in character from the rest of the town through the starting of cotton mills at Pawtucket falls and on the Ten Mile river, that tlie conflicting interests of the manu- facturing and farming sections brought about a division of the territor}' into two towns. That portion lying along the eastern shores of the Seekonk and Providence rivers became in March, 1S12, the town of Seekonk, Mass., while the rest of the territory remained in the old town. Caleb Abell was the moderator of the first town meeting of Seekonk. He was also the first town clerk, and held this office for more than a ([uarter of a century. Oliver vStarkweather was moderator in 1S13 and 18 14, represented the town in the Massachusetts house of repre- sentati\es from 1S12 to 18 18, and in the senate from 1 82 1 to 1823. Eliphalet Slack, Benjamin Walcott, David Bucklin, Ebenezer Tjler, and other inhabitants of Pawtucket, were active in town affairs. Tristram Burges, the noted orater, who was for man\- years a professor in Brown University, and represented Rhode Island in the United States Congress from 1825 to 1835. although he liveil in Provitlence, had a resi- dence in Seekonk, and was appointed on one of the town committees in 1820. He .spent the remainder of his life after 1835 on his estate here, where he died, October 13, 1853. Increa.se of population, through the opera- tion of the factories and shops at the falls, very soon after this division, created a diversity of interest between the peojile of that active and growing comnuinit\- and their fellow townsmen in the rural districts. As a result a second division was made, and the northwestern corner along the river and around the falls — the present east side — was on March 1, 1828, set off as the town of Pawtucket, Mass., while the remainder retained the old name of Seekonk. At the first town meeting Oliver Starkweather was modera- tor ; David Bucklin, Elijah Ingrahani and Remember Kent, selectmen: James C. Stark- weather, town clerk; and William Allen, town treasurer. The successive town clerks were : George W. Hills, elected April 5, 1830: Amos A. Tillinghast, April 4, 1S31 ; Thomas Esten, April 6, 1835; and Alvin O. Read. Aj>ril3, 1857. The latter continued in oftice until the spring of 1.S62, as long as Pawtucket remained a Massa- setts town. James C. Starkweather was a rep- resentative to the Ma.ssachusetts General Court from 1828 to 1830, and senator in 1S36; Re- mendier Kent was a representative in 1832 and following \ears. The town meetings were held 126 I 1,1, r ST RATI; 1) IllS'l'nUV () I' 1' AW T T C K I'.T. from 1S2S to 1S45 in the hrit-k schoollunisc, and from that (latt.- until iSSs in the town liall on Scliool street. 1{\- the settlement of the l)o\in(hu\ between Massachusetts and Rhode Island in isoj the town of I'autuekel and the western ptJrtion ol Seekonk l\in>' alon>;- the shore of the >Seekonk ALMON K. GOODWIN, POSTMASTER AND MAYOR OF PAWTUCKET 1888, 1889 AND 1891 river and of Xarragansett bay, were transferred to Rhode Island in exchange lor the Rhode Island town of h'all River. Pawtueket on the east side Ijegan its career as a Rhode Island town March i. 1S62, and its legal union with the community on the other side ol the ri\er occurred May i, 1874, which date is the birth- da\' of Modern I'awtueket. The ])ortion of Seekonk translerred to Rhode Island became the town ol Ivast Providence, and in its limits are the ancient settlement of Reholioth— " the Ring of the Town : " the site of Roger Williams s first settlement ; the gra\e of Cajit. Thomas Willett, tlie first ma\<)r of New \'ork ; and the ancient Newman burial ground. All these his- toric s])ots, so intimately connected with the life of the first settlers, are now on Rhode Island soil. The town clerks of Pawtueket, R. I., from 1.S62 to the union of the two villages in i.Sy4, were: Isaac vShox'e, elected March i, 1S62: Alden W. vSibley, March :,, 1S65 ; Alvin O. Read, March 27, 1866, and Lewis Pearce. Ajiril 5, i^^7i. The latter continued to hold the office after the union, until in iS,S2 he was succeeded b\- Alden \V. Sibley, who has since then continued to hold the position, first as town, and then as cit\' clerk. When North Providence was created out of the northwestern portion of the old town of Providence in 1765,* the west side of the village of Pawtueket was the most ]K)i)ulous place in the new township. The bulk of the jiopulation was, however, at the western end of the territory, not concentrated in one locality, but scattered over an extensive area. The centre of ])opulation changed after the revolution through the increase in the industries of Pawtueket, and thereafter some of the town meetings were held in the neighborhood. At first all the meetings were held in the middle or western part ol the town, either in dwelling hou.ses or inns. The houses of Isaiah Hawkins, l-;iisha IJrown, PIsq., John Sears and "Chapter 4, p. 47. WHERE THE TOWN MHETINCS W K R !• }Ii:i,I). 127 CHARLES SISSON, Daniel Clark, and the inns of John Foster and Jeremiah Sa^'les were among the gathering places nntil 177S. In that >ear it was voted to hold a meeting at the house of FCsek listen, within the present limits of Woodlawn, lint before it occurred an intervening meeting de- cided upon the house of Mrs. Deborah Hawkins, which continued to be the place for a number of years. April 16, 1794, the meeting was held at the house of Joseph Jenks, and this was prob- ably the first to assemble in the village of Paw- tucket. From that time until iSoi the meetings were held in the hou.ses of Benjamin Smith, Rufus Angell, Jacob Winslow, Joseph Dexter and Ezekiel Winslow. The ta\-ern of Otis Tiffany in Pawtucket was the meeting place Dec. S, 1801, and again April 21, 1S03. P'rom that time until between 1.S30 and 1840 some of the meetings were held in Pawtucket and some in the farm- ing di.strict, this plan being probably adopted as a compromise, in order to acconnnodate both sections. Pawtucket seems to ha\'e been selected as the place to hold the state and national elec- tions, while llie town elections were held in the rural sections, but IJiis method was not in\ar- iabl\- followed. Public gatherings at Pawtucket were held in the earlv \ ears ol the centur\- at the tavern which stood on the site of the LeI'avour block, corner of Main and High streets, and which was successively conducted by Otis Tiffany, Bos- worth Walker and others. The brick building, now known as tlie Dorrance block, corner of Main autl North .Main streets, was constructed about 1814, and utilized as a hotel. It soon liecame the principal gathering place for all public meetings* of a political or other charac- ter, and the majority of the town meetings from 1S20 to 1845 were held within its walls. The people from the outlying parts of the town found pleasure in the hos]ntalit\- of the tavern, and enjoyed such excitement as the busy \illage of Pawtucket furnished on election ilaxs, when the W. STANLEY, J. O. DRAPER A CO. ■IkiRiiii Is Ki.iniiiisctMices, No. 40. 128 I LH'STRATi:!) inS'PORV OF PAWTUCKKT. U. T. BARBER, FENDENT SLATER COTTON ( s])acc in front of llic hotel became for the time the ])la/.;i of the town. Here the\ eonld see life and mingle in it. A town meeting was held in the Baptist meeting house in 1S14, an- in the \-estr\- of the Baptist chureh. Free hall was the meeting place occasionall\- from iS^S to [.S42. Meanwhile up to this time meetings ccnitinued to be held in the eastern portion of the town, in the earh- years of the century at the houses of F'zekiel Whipjile, Abner King, Hollimaii Potter, vStephen Brown, Humane \\'est(m, vSmilh W'illiur, h'sek Hawkins, Ha/.eal .Smith, Joseph Hawkins, and others ; but after 1.S20 the house of Nicholas P. White and the .stone schoolhouse were the usual places, although the h'ruit Hill hotel, and the houses of James Angell and Leonard .Sweet also accommodated the electors repeatedl\-. 'Plie privilege of accommodating the town meeting was sold A])ril 20, 1.S25, to the highest bidder, and Leonard .Sweet secured the right for $25. From 1S46 to 1853 Odd Fellows hall in Pawtucket seems to have been the sole meeting place. During the latter year the town purchased Columbia hall and there- after used it for a town hall. This gave place to the present town hall erected in 1S71. As the political centre of the town thus gradually approached and finally settled in Pawtucket, a separation of the elements whose interests had thereby diverged was eventually considered ex- jjedient. A small ])art of the territory was reunited to Providence, March 28, 1873. In 1874 the townshi]i was divided into three .sections, one of which became the city of Providence ; another, the ancient xillage of Pawtucket on the west bank, was united to its twin sister across the ri\-er, Ma_\- I, 1874, and became legall\- and corporately Pawtucket as it had long been colloquially; and the remaining portion, the outlying farming countrv, continued as the town of North Providence. The east side thus passed under three separate town juris- dictions and was transferred from Rhode Island to Massachu- setts, while the west side was successively in Providence and North Providence before the final union took place. John Comstock was the moderator of the first North Provi- dence town meeting and Jonathan Arnold the first town clerk. Capt. .Stephen Jenks .ser\-ed for many years previous to and during the revolution as moderator and president of the town council. Sylvanus Sayles was towMi clerk from 1768 to 1771; Hope Angell until 1817; William N. Rhodes until June, 1840; John H. Weeden until June 5, 1854: Alexander Meggett until April 4, 1855, and Ro\:il Lee until the union in 1874. The distinct character of the we.st side village was recog- JOSHUA S. WHITE, • , T , o 1 . 1 1 ,1 01 1 r AND rRON FOUNDER. uizcd Fcl). I J , 1 8o I , wlieu an act was passed l>y the Rhode THE PAWTUCKET I'lRI-; DISTRICT. 129 Island General Assembly, constituting it the "District of Pawtucket," for the purpose of fire protection. In a limited sen.se the place thus became a self-governing municipalit\-, with the ])o\ver of taxation and regulation for tliis one puqiose. At Otis Tiffany's inn the first meeting was held on the first Monday in A]MiI, iSoi. Steidien Jenks was moder- ator; Jerathmeel Jenks, clerk; Benjamin Ar- nold, collector; Otis Tiffany, treasurer; James Mason, Samuel .Slater and Jerathmeel Jenks, assessors; Nathaniel Croade, Oziel Wil- kinson and vStephen Jenks, firewards. House- hold furniture, goods and merchandise were to l)e assessed double, and buildings three times the amount levied on the land. The village fathers thus obtained immediate control and oversight of their own property, and thus was Pawtucket first started as a separate com- munity. The Wilkin.sons built a fire engine for the district at a co.st of $35,^, which was delivered April 25, i''^03, and continued to be used until December, 1S44. The names of the incorporators of the fire district were : Oziel Wilkinson, Timotln- Greene, Benjamin Arnold, Je,s.se .Salisbury, Stephen Jenks, Nathaniel Croade, Jerathmeel Jenks, Eleazer Jenks, Nathaniel Walker, Jr., Otis Tiffany, Arnold Jenks, Abraham Wilkin- son, Jacob Cushman, Nathaniel B. Dexter, John Pitcher, George Jenks, Sylvanus Brown, David Wilkinson, Smith Wilkinson, Caleb Greene, Amariah Marsh, Azatus vSweetland, Isaac Wilkinson, Nathaniel Walker, Daniel Wilkinson, .Samuel Bensley, Josiah Miller, William Bagley, Eleazer Jenks, Jr., Remember I. Gage, John Field, George Nicholas, liphraim Miller, Abraham Rice, Jonathan Fuller, James Prince, Ichabod Taber, Roger Alexander, Levi Jenks, Bowers Armington, William Bagle\', Jr., Daniel Carjienter, Esek Jenks, James Hopkins. Nehemiah Harrows, James Weeden, Jesse Hop- kins, Thomas vS])ear, Barnabus Carey, Cromwell Hill, Ho.sea Humphrey, James Mason, .Samuel Slater, George Rol)inson, Constant Martin, Wil- liam Almy, Obadiah Brown and Thomas Arnold. The fire district charter was amended bv the legislature at various times. In 1.S25 the district was empowered to erect buildings for its apparatus, to construct fountains and reservoirs for a water supply for fire pnrpo.ses, and to em- ])l()y a hook and ladder com])any ; in i.S44the HUGH J. CARROLL, 1890 ANO 1892. fire comjianx- was increa.sed from tweutv to thirt\' men. and all male inhabitants were made liable to taxation for di.strict pur}ioses : the bounds of the district were extended in 1.S47, and it was directed that all property .should thereatter be taxed at a uniform rate ; in 1S59 the district was authorized to erect force pumps and hydrants, and lay pipes through the streets " for the conveyance of water for fire purposes;" and in is-n it was empowered to organize a fire ILI.rSTRATKD HISTORY ()F PAWTTCKKT (Icpartiiienl iiiukr Uil- ooiilrol of a chiul engineer and two assistants. 'Vhv last aniendnient put the fire depart- nKiit on a modern basis. The first chief en gineer was Samuel S. Collyer, who served until his death in 1.S84. During the first year James Brown was fir.st assistant engineer and Joseph T. Greene second assistant engineer, and the department was called out .21; times, 14 times to fires in the district and the remainder to fires in adjacent territory. At the end of the year, March ,^i, 1S72, there were i.S hxdrants and 24 reser\-oirs distributed throughout tlie territor\-. The district seems also to ha\e attended to the lighting of the .streets. A fire department was organized b> the I)eo]ile of the east side village early in the century. In the Slack tavern on Dec. 11, 1S12, a meeting of the "proprietors of the engine in the \illage of Pawtucket, in the town of Seekonk," was held, of which Oliver Stark- weather was moderator, and William .Mien, clerk. Joseph Hucklin was chosen director oi the coni]xiny : Job W'heaton, vice-director; Benjamin Boweu, collector ; Addington Daven- port, messenger, and John French, Jr., clerk. The town appropriated. May 31, 1S3.S, the sum of $7,SO for the purchase of a fire engine. The east side jieople seem to ha\'e managed their fire fighting by a \'oluntary organization, with- out :in\ legal incorjioration, and with only occa- sional help from the town. After the consolidation of the two \illages, a paid department soon snjierseded the volun leer system. This change went into effect Jnl\- 13, 1.S74, and an automatic fire alarm telegraph, with thirty-fi\e boxes, was ])ut in operation Xov. 14, 1S74. The department consisteil in 1S78, of a chief engineer, two assistant en- gineers, and fifty-four men, of whom thirteen were jiermanenlly employed and the re.st were on call : and the ajijiaratus inchuled fi\e steamers, six hose carriages, and a hook and ladder truck, 'i^he department in 1895 con- sisted of tile three engineers, twenty-one per- manent men, and lliirt\-eight call men. and the a])paratus was tliree steamers, four chemical engines, with hose carriages attached, a large hose carriage, two ladder trucks and an aerial ladder. John Brierly succeeded Samuel S. CiillNer as chief engineer in 1884, and sen-ed until March i, 1896, when he was succeeded by the present chief, John W. W'illmarth. With the union of tlie two Pawtuckets a new era dawned. Through the increase and di\ersification of industry that had taken place in a marked degree from the time the railroads were built, the community had grown ra])idly, until in iS67the combined ]iopulation on both sides of the river, and ini-hiding Pleasant \'iew and Central Falls, was estimated at 17,068.* In 1869 this total had increased to 19,512, and in 1875, the year after the consolidation, Paw- tucket alone, which included Pleasant \'iew but omitted Central Falls, had 18.464 inliabitants. The population at each successive period of five \ears since that date exhibits clearly the con- tinuous growth: 1880, 19,030: 1885, 22,906; 1890, 27,633; 1895, 32,577. The population of Central Falls in 1895 was 15,828. Thus the jiresent population of the two cities which actuall)- form one conunuuily, is now nearly 50,fX)o, and has trebled in the last thirty years. After 1874, as a result of this rapid increa.se in jjopulation, the town meetings became nnwield\', and tliere cousequenth' arose a sentiment in favor of a cit\- go\erunient. .A nio\emeut, with that object in \iew, culminated in the adoption b\ the electors. A])ril i, 18S5, by a vote of 1,450 for to 721 against, of the act 'Direenorv of rautiKki-l ami Ci-iUral I-'alls, lS(i!l-7li. THK CITY (lOVI'RNMl'tNT. 131 of incoriioraliim, \\ln\li went into effL-ct March 27, 1.SS5. '1'Ik- town oiricLTs continued in au- thority until the end of tlie x'ear. The first cit\- election was held in December, and the citv government was organized Jan. i, 18.S6. The members of the first city government were : Mayor — Frederic C. vSayles ; Aldermen — Oren S. Horton, I'Mward Smith, Ansel I). Nick- erson, Frederick A. Barker, William H. Salis- bury : Councilnien — Jo.seph E. Jenckes, presi- dent. Proctor C. Lull, Daniel A. Jillson, Frederick H. White, Elisha W. Bucklin, Isaac Gill, Henry C. McDuff, I'hilo E. Thayer, Charles C liurn- ham, Alonzo E. Pierce, Hiram S. Johnson, George L. Walker, Jame.s Collins, Matthew J. Ban- non and John Walker; City Clerk— Alden W. Sibley; City Treasurer — George E. Newell ; Chief of Police — Oliver H. Perry. Mr. Sayles was mayor for two years. His succes.sors have been Almon K. Goodwin, who served in iSSS and iS.Sy, and again in iSyi ; Hugh J. Car- roll, in 1890, and also in 1.S92 ; James Brown, 1893, and Henry E. Tiepke, the I)resent incumbent, who has been in office since 1S94. With the exception of Mr.' Carroll all the ma\()rs have been elected on the Kepuljlican ticket. Mr. Sibley is still city clerk and Mr. Perry chief of police, but Mr. Newell was suc- ceeded as city treasurer in July, i8gi, by the jiresent incumbent of the ofTice, Frank Ma.\- Hates. Hy the city charter the government of the munici])alil>- is vested in the ma.\-or, the boaiil of aldermen and the common council. The mayor is the chief executive ofilcer, has the power to call meetings of the two bodies, is the presiding officer of the board of aldermen, and every action recpiiring the concurrence of both branches of the city council must receive his signature in order to become legal at once. If he neglects to sign, the act or resolution be- comes effective at the end of ten days, but he can return any such act or resolution with his oljjectious to it as a whole or any part of it, and the measure can then only be pa.ssed by a two- thirds vote over his veto, but in any given case the parts to which he does not object become law at the end of the legal limit. The board of aldermen is a semi-executive body, has the appointing of the members of the ])olice force on the nom- ination of the ma\'or, and has al -o control of that department ; has the ])ower of granting li- ,^^^ censes and permits, and in gen- J^^^^ eral is a board of control and '^^^^^^^ executi\e council. The ^^^^^^H conunou council is the legisla- J^^^^^l body of the city. all — ^-^WI^^HBi the measures pas.sed by it ex- cept those directly affecting its own members or organization must be concurred in by the board of alder- men to liecome law. The two bodies working concurrently con.stitute the city council, and have the entire supervision of the affairs of the city. The mayor and the members of the city council are elected by the people, but all other city offi- cers are elected by the city council. The city is divided into five wards, two on the east side and three on the west side, and each ward elects one alderman and three councilmen. The first bridge at the falls not only served as a means of general travel in early colonial times, but was also an extremely efficient bond FRED. F. HALLIDAY, JR ILI.IUSTR AT!'. I) HISTORY () 1' 1' AW" 'P T C K I-T. t)f union lic-twL'L-n the two \i Haifa's. I'or ;i liiUi; period a great deal of uncerlainty existed as to whose duty it was to maintain and repair the structure.' Alter thc' re\'ohition, and esi)eoiall\' after the beginning' of the century, the peojile in the vicinity were vitalh' interested in Inning it maintained in good condition so as to accommo- date their increasing liusini'ss. The freshet of h'eli. 15, I Soy, carried a\\a\ the western end. Abraham Wilkinson, wlio then represented North Pro\'idence in tlie (icneral Assendilv, JOHN M. FOURNIER, OF FOURNIER i SCHILLER CO. was appointed a committee to repair the bridge, and the expense was liorne by the state. It was rebuilt in 1S17, at the expense of North Providence, under the direction of the snr\e\or of highways, John W. Dexter. In iS;,2 it was again reconstructed, Clarke Sa\les and Isaac Ellis superintending the work, and the cost was about $1,600, of which the town of North Providence paid $600 and the balance was ♦Chapter 4, p. 47; North Proviileiioc Centennial, p. 8(). raised li\ the voluntary subst-riptions of the injiabitants on both sides of the ri\-er. As a result of a legislati\e in\estigation in iS.vj, ])rom]ited by I'.dward S. Wilkinson and .Steplun Randall, Jr., then rei)reseiitatives of North Providence, the bridge was decided to be state i)ro]iert\'. The Oeneral Assend)ly ac- Lordingl\- passed an act. May, 1S4C), directing tin- agent of the Providence an- Samuel B. Cushing of Providence, under whose supervision as engineer the construction was carried on. Lewis I'airbiother, ICnoch Krowii and Daniel Wilkinson were the commissioners a]ipointed bv the state to build the liridge. Til r.RiDci'S ()\i;r the rlackstone. '33 To Ivdward S. W'ilkinsdii, hdwcxcr, is due a great deal of the credit of bringing the matter to a successful issue. The plan of the bond issue was suggested by him, in order to oxer- come the objection that tlie state could not appropriate mone\' because the debt limit was almost reached. The destruction of the fild bridge was begun July 6, and the new mie was opened for tra\el Nov. 4, 1.S5S, when a ])ublic celebration was held, with a procession, a dinner, music and s])eeches.* As po])ulatiou increased, other bridges were foiuul necessnr\-. The next in age to the one at the falls is the Mill .street brid.ge connecting Central Falls with the northeastern ])art of I'awtucket. This was built in 1S27, as the result of the efforts of John Kennedy, then a prominent manufacturer in Central Falls, who raised the money chiefly 1)>' subscriptions from the citizens of that \illage. The original struc- ture was replaced liy the present iron bridge, erected in iSji at the joint expense of the towns of Smithfield and Pawtucket. A wooden bridge was built in iSs_^, fnjm Central Falls to Pleasant \'iew, at what is now Central avenue. It was designed to afford access to the latter neighborhood which had *Nortli Providence Centennial, p. 90; Benedict's Reminiscenses, No. 41*. just been o])ened u]). In 1.869 tl'is was suc- ceeded by the iron bridge which now spans the stream there, erected at a cost of about $14,000, borne equally by Pawtucket and Smithfield. The Exchange street iron bridge was erected in 1.S71-2, at a cost of $30,000, by Pawtucket and North Providence, and was ojiened for travel May p,. 1.S72. The Division street bridge, a magnificent viaduct of .stone, spanning the river a third of a mile below the falls, was erected after the consolidation of the towns in 1.875, at an ex])ense of $95,000. The three lower bridges are now owned and nuiintained by the city of Pawtucket, and the t'.vo upper ones by Pawtucket and Central Falls conjointly. They have all .served to bind and knit the two sides of the river together. The growth of the community is indicated by the necessity for each bridge successively, .so that their erection marks well defnied stages toward the social, industrial and political unit\- that so far has been achieved. NoTK. — The Centennial of the town of North Prov- idence was celebrated June 24, ISG."), in Pawtucket, bv a procession, followed bj- a gathering in the First Baptist church, where the Rev. Massena Goodrich delivered an historical address. This was published in book form, together with an account of the proceedings and reports of the speeches at the dinner held after the exercises, and the volvinie also contains the reminis- cences of Davitl A\'ilkinsi>u. CHAPTER XI. C.KOWTII AS RI'.STI.T Ol- IXTRODrCTION OF COTTON ISIAXT'l' ACTTR !■: INIirSTKIAI. DICVI'. I.OI'MlvNT. ri;ci-;nt C< >'I"I'()X s])iiiiiiin; liaviiio- been successiulh' iiuuiiL^uraled and the allied indnstr\- of niachiner>- buildini;' tle\-e]o]K-d, the con- ditiuns were fmnrable for the growth of the conumtnitN' on both sides of the river at Paw- tucket. \'et with these advantages tlie increase in ])opulation was slow, and the pla;-e enier^eil \er\ i;radnall\- from ils.\illai;e condition. The introduction of cotton S|)innini;, while it was the first step in the direction of the factor> system, operated at the beginninu; to strengthen •and extend domestic industry b>- furnishing an increased amount of work that could lie done in dwellings. Hand-Iooni weaxing received a great impetus, and a new occupation, cotton picking, was created. The effect of both these callings, thus conducted, was not to aid in the growth of a centralized conimunit\-, but rather to conserve tlie habit of the people, alreadv formed as a result of agricultural and pastoral life, of living in isolated dwellings scattered o\er a large extent of territory. The successful introduction of the mechanical cotton jjicker during the first decade of the century, and of the jxiwcr loom in the second decade, changed this condition of affairs radicallv, and com])elled tlie assend>ling of all the work people engaged in the cotton manufacture in one place. By tliis means the new industry was divorced frcmi its rural associ- ations, the people were all emplo\ed in the factories, and were obliged to li\e near them, new social combinations were e\-ol\ed. and the thorougjdy modern phenoneina known as the factory system resulted. Meanwhile, as I'awtucket wa,^ the ])lace where this social and industrial e\- wduld at once occur : and that the ])lace would In-come the leader in the manu- facture and wduKl increase greati\- in popula- tion. .Such, however, was not the result. The people had been educatt'd in independence through the long continuance of the highest foiin ol the domestic s\steni, and nian\' sjiecial and diverse forms of indnstrx had arisen, called forth li\- the attempt to minister to the necessities ot the manufacturers for a large variety of s MA I.I. I xnrsTR n: s at Tirr: iwlls. FARWELL WORSTED MILL, CENTRAL FALLS. sup])lies. To accoiniiiodate tliese small iiulus- tries the available sites for niamifacturing- around the falls, and on Sargeant's trench, not already occiqiied 1)\' the original cotton sjiinning factories and the forges of the Jenkses and the Wilkinsons, were i)racticall\' all utilized bv the time tliat the jiower loom became an effecti\-i.- machine. Conseqiientlv there was little room for industrial expansion. The water ])Ower was all in use. Not to its full cai)acil\-. it is true, but local jealousN' between the two x'illages, ilifferences among the water power owners, and litigation about Sar- geant's trench and the other water ]iri\ileges, as well as about property available for manu- facturing near the river, all operated to prevent such a combination and consolidation of interest as would have been necessary to liring about the best results. The area along the river banks where tlie factories could be located was so limited that unless some such wise course had been taken the natural advantages could not be imjiroxed to their fullest extent. This course was not taken. 136 ILLl'STk ATi;i) HISTORY OF 1' AW T I" C K IvT W'hile Lowell, Lawrence, Manchester. N. H.,and l-'all Ri\er, the principal nianulacturini; centres that arose after the power loom came into use, owed their success to their great water jiowers, care(ull>' managed, usually by one com- pany, and to the tad that there was also in each case ])lent\' of room for mill sites, I'awlucket had lo contend against a divided ownershij), and the disagreements and antagonisms alreadx' ontlinetl. Instead of becoming a great cotton mill centre it has alwa\s remained a hive of diversified industry, and the cotton manufacture within its borders has largely continued in the original lines of yarn, thread, and special forms. Although this has resulted in a much slower growth than in the cases of the exclusively cotton manufacturing cities and many of the smaller towns which have followed the same process of develoiMUent, >'et it is undoubtedly a much safer process, tends more to permanence, gives more securit\- for the future, and builds up a comnuinit\- with uhimatel\' more power, coherence antl character, I'awtucket's growth, although slow, has thus been gratifxiug. and with this outlook the ho])e for the future is reassuring. The starting of the first factories on the east side, the New mill of .Samuel Slater iS: Co. in iSoi and the \'ellow mill in 1S05, necessitated the erection of a few more dwellings and in- crea.sed the population to nearly the number on the west side. About iSi.i there was another expansion of the industry in the two villages, both in the cotton maiuifacture and in machin- ery building, resulting substautiall\- in the occupation of all the water privileges. On the east side, the Wilkinson & Greene mill and the Stone mill south of the bridge were put in opera- tion, and on the west side a little before this time, about iSki, (J/.iel Wilkinson's stone mill had been started and Timotlu' Oreene had con- verted his taiuier\- into a cotton mill. David Wilkinson, l''lea/er and .Slephen Jenks, Larned Pitcher and others were engaged in the con- struction of machinery, and Barne\ Merr\ hud established a bleacher\ and d\eing business about |S()5. Many of the houses of the conunon sort still standing in both sections of the cit\- date from this period. Examples ma\ be fountl on I'.lm, Water and Main streets on the east, and on Xorth Main, Pleasant and High streets on the west side. Almy. Pjrown & .Slater erected an eight- family tenement house for their hel]i on .Mill .street. It stood with its end to the street, was known as '"the long house" and occu])ied a ])ortion of the site of the jiresent Littlefield block. When that structure was erectetl it was rcmo\ed to the rear of that edifice, where it is still standing in a dilapidated condition. At this period a lutndier of substantial busi- ness blocks which are still in existence were built. The Pawtucket hotel, now known as the Dorrauce building, cm'ner of Main and Xorth Main streets, and the LeFavour block, known at one time as the Hank Iniilding, which was taken down when High street \vas widened, were erected about iSiv The lillis block, on the east side at the junction of Main street anil Broadway, was erected about 1S20. The substantial and prosperous citizens, some of whom had become rich, erected fine dwellings at this period. lvarl\- in the centur\- Abraham Wilkinson erected his mansion house, which is still standing at 23 and 27 Fast a\enue. The T\ler building on the corner of .Main street and Ha.st avenue, half of which was recentlx' cut away to widen the latter street, was erected about i.S(H) !)>■ Major ICbeiie/er Txler, and was then the onl\- three-story dwelling in the place. CROW Til oi HI". \" 1 1. LACKS. '37 The l)rick edifice at 67, 69 and 71 JCast avenue, known as the Slater homestead, was erected 1)\ .Sanuiel vSIater's second wife soon after their marriage, and she occupied it after Mr. Slater's death until her own decease in 1 859. The construction of this house was originally begun b\- Hezekiah Howe, a brother-in-law of David Wilkin.son, but he sold the ])roi)ert\- to Mrs. Slater before it was completed, February 22, 1819, for $6500. It is still in a good state of presentation. Barney Merry, the pioneer d\er and bleacher, built his home- stead next adjoining Mr. Slater's house on the .south. It was enlarged and improved by his son and grandson, and yet ]ire- sents a fine appearance, at 77, 79 and 81 Ea.st avenue. About 1S20 the Re\-. Dr. David Benedict erected a house on the nfirthwest corner of Broad and Main streets and resided in it until it was replaced l>y the present hotel, the Benedict house, in 1871.' A number ol houses were built about 1820 on Oziel Wilkinson's old grass field. Among them were the Pearce house where the Weeden building is now, and the dwelling of Daniel Clark, located on the present site of the Conant building, cor- ner of Main street and Park place. On the east side, Oliver vStark weather erec- ted his mansion house about 1800, and Col. Slack built his brick hou.se in 18 15. I'-or a n-awUicket Directory, 18Gi)-70. ANSEL D, S AGENT long ])eriod these two were the finest dwellings in Pawlucket on either side of the ri\'er. The Walcotts and Pitchers, who were in- terested in the cotton manufacture and other industries, erected mansion houses about the same time. The fir.st named family gave their name to a ])ortion of the old road. Benja- min v*^. Walcott's residence was erected in 1814, is .still in exi.stence and is known as the Darius Coff homestead, on Walcott, Arlington, and .Ma\nard streets. The original dwelling of Henry Smith must have been somewhere in this vicinity, when the old road was laid out in 17 16, as it was then about a quarter of a mile from the county road, now known as North and South Bend. The H. B. De.xter house, corner of M a y n a r d a n d Walcott streets, was built by Ben- jamin Pitcher, while E. B. Pitcher's house stood where Lyman B. Coff's residence is now, and Larned Pitcher, the first ])arlner of James S. Brown in machinery building. li\ed in the old mansion now occu])ied 1)\- the To Kalon Club. In 1819 the village on the Rhol(i\ nient and supportinj;- a dense ])o]>nlali<)n." The villa>;e on the east side was about ei|ual in size.' In this modest manner Pawlncket was growing when it encountered a serious reverse l)v the failure of a number of its manufacturers during the panic of 1S21-J. Samuel Slater was able to weather the storm, but in his expressive language l)a\i- cou^d not retrie\'e themseh-es in time. After iS;,o the iiulustr\ of Pawtncket slowlv increasetl. In the cotton manufacture, firms suc- ceeded eat'h other fre(|Uentl\^ and nian\- changes were made in partnerships. In some of the old mills the manufacture was carried on in a small wa\, man\- of the concerns only occupying a single floor, and the chief sjiecialty of these minor nuuuifacturers was \arn. The stone mill on the west side, built b\' O/.iel Wilkinson, came into jiossession of Thomas I.,eFavour and William k'ield after i.sjij, and they maiuifactured cotton cloth in it for a num- ber of years. It ultimalel> came wholly into the jiossession of the lormer and was Ion;.; known b\ his name. TlIIv OLD MILLS. 139 Tile Yellow mill and the ulil Stniie mill on the east side were both operated as general cotton mills for a period, l)ut they passed through many vicissitudes and changes of owner- ship. The former became in iS6jihe property of the Bridge Mill Manufacturing Co., which made cotton linings and sheet- ings, but was con\-erted afterwards into a ])a])er mill. The latter went throu.gh an experience as varied. Hotli are now the propert\- ot I), (joff 6c Sons. 'IMie Stone mill has been almo.st wholly demolished, the eastern end only reniaiuiug, and the Bridge mill, as the old Yellow mill has long been called, is ver\' much altereil from its original condition. The old Slater mill was successively enlarged as business increased, but after Slater sold out his interest in iS2y itdoes not appear to figure in an im- portant wa\ in the industries of the place. It ])as,sed Ijy inheritance from Almy &: Brown into the possession of William Jenkins, who married a daughter of William Almy, whose wife Sarah was a daugliter of Moses Brown. Moses Brown Jenkins inher- ited the pro])ert\- from his father William Jenkins, and GEO. C. DOUGLAS, NO CORSET LACE F. WARREN BAXTER, UPHOLSTERER AND FURNITURE DE PETER LENNON, WHOLESALE GROCERIES AND C -old the old null estate to Dr. Sanuiel Boyd Tobey, Feb. 15, iSs6. Henry Jerauld & Son imrchased the pro'pertx' in Ai)ril, 1S56, from Dr. Tobey. The new owners were al.so \arn spinners. The succes- si\e owners since then have been h'rancis Pratt, Job L. Spencer, lirastus Samjison. Gideon L. Spencer and his heirs. Cotton spinning has always been carried on in the old structure ; but. like other factories in I'awtncket. man\ other imlnstries ha\e also been conducted within it walls. The top floor is now used as a bicycle riding school by Henr\- L. S]>encer. The old mill privilege used b\' Thomas .Vrnold for a flour mill late in the last century and early in this was owned in iS;,5 by Xiles Manchester, Hannah and David Wilkinson and William l-'ield. At this location David R\\ I'ardon and Jabi/. Jenks, and was first occni- pied, but only for a short ])eriod, b\- ICbenezer T\ler for yarn spinning. I'rom about 1S21 it was known as the Butfington mill, but was burned in i S44 and re])laced b\- the factory of the I'awtnckct Manufacturing Co., in which ICllis and ISenjamin Pitcher, Alanson 'l'ha\er, Menr\- Jerauld and others were ])artners. Aliout I Sh5 this company was succeeded by Matteson Simpson. Under these successi\-e changes cotton cloth was manufactured, but about iSj6 it was converted into a thread mill, and finall\- it was made over into stores. On the site of the Wilkinsons' ol- anil versa- tility. In the numerous other buildings on the area once known as the "coal \ard," including (treene's mills, the old forge and gristmills and all others which were h.caled in this crowded section, the same conditions ha\e prevailed. The completion of the Providence and Worcester railroad in 1847-cS made possible the location of factories to the westward of the old \illage. .\ nundier of the large sho]is in this neighborhood date from that ])eriod, and the industrial growtli was thereafter along the line of the railroad rather than on the ri\-er banks. The Boston and Providence railroad which was opened in June, 1835, had no jiercejitilile influ- * Ik-iiLcUi't's Kiniiiiiscences, Nos. '2- and 4(1. HENRY B. DEXTER, FOUNDER OF THE RHODE ISLAND CARD BOARD CO. I!r I I. 1)1 XC, OI' RAILROADS. 141 ence (irii;inall\- uii tlit- (k-vcldiuiu-m n| I'aw- tiicket, as it jjassed 1)\- Uk- Idwii far to the eastward and (inly (.-ntered the territory at tlie extreme southeastern corner, lull\ three miles from the falls b\- aii\ availabk- mad. When the Pnn'idence and Worcester lailroad was ])n)- jected one ol the first proposals was to run the line alonj^ the route of the Blackstone canal, leaving Pawtucket a couple of miles to the east- ward. This would have been the easiest route for the road, along the old pre-glacial valley of the Blackstone, and would have saved much labor in excavating and l)lasting ; but P a w t u c k e t w o u 1 d thereby ha\e been sur- rounded by railroads with- out being reached b\' them. Fortunately better councils prevailed and the railroad was laid out as it now exists. In I S4,s the Hostt)n and Providence road , recog- nizing the advantage of the location and ternnnus of the Providence and Wor- cester in ])assing through Pawtucket and entering Providence, built a connec- tion which joined the latter road at Central Falls and used this branch thereafter as its main line. Pawtucket became again in this manner, as it had been in old times, the con- verging point of the nr.iin lines of tra\'el, and its progress was correspondingly accelerated. Within the jiast decaees consisted of the baggage- master, one laborer and the station-ma.ster, D. R. .\rnold, who also acted as clerk, ticket-seller and ex- press-agent. A branch railroad, built from \'alley Falls to India Point in 1S74, tra- verses the east side of the t e r r i t o r \- of the c i t >■ . When the long contem- plated improvements in the terminal facilities at Providence are completed by the construction of an elevated road from Fox Point to the new station, and the building of a bridge across the Providence ri\er, this road will be an imjior- tant segment of the belt line which is then to be put in oiieration, and will undoubtedly con- tribute largely to the upbuilding of this section of Pawtuckefs territory. Since June, 1S96, two passenger trains each way have been run over this line, stop to leave and take passengers here, 142 I I.LrSTk AT !•; I) HISTORY OV 1' AW T r C K I'.T. ami altnrd diixcl L-onuiiunicalinii licitli willi ProvidfiK'c and Worcester. Meanwhile it has furnished exeellenl frei>;lit facilities, and along its line, on the ed;_;e of Seekonk plain, about a mile northeast from the falls, nian\ dwellings, factories and workshops ha\e within the ])ast few years been erected, forniini; the bus\ suburb now known as Darlington. .Xuiohl; the estab- lishments in the \icinit\ are those oi tin- l'liilli]is Insulated Wire Co., l'err\- Oil Co. , I'awtncket (ila/.ed Pajier Co., Orient Card and Paper Co., I*"astern AcKertising Co., J. J. Kenyon's liraid works, the late Henry C. .McDuff's extensive lumber _\'ards : U. iS: J. Roscoe, manufacturing chemists : V. V. Hallidax , vSr., ])atteru and cabinet maker ; and tlie Darlington stables for training horses. Out on the jilain is the Pawtucket driving park, of which Ivdwin Darling is a.gent. The railroad company owns twenty acres here, which is tised for a freight yard. By improvements in the methods of manu- facturing cotton goods, small mills have given ])lace to big ones in which all the processes can l)j conducted on a large scale at a great econonu- of time and labor. This change has been going on for many years, and its effect on the small old mills at the falls here has been to interfere with theii" ]iros])erit\- and dri\-e them into sjiecial lines of cotton manufacture or into other forms of industry. But Pawtucket has in other local- ities secured in quite recent years large modern factories, so that its ]:)restige as a centre of the cotton manufacture has not passed away, al- though the habitat of the mills has changed and thej- are now operated by steam instead of water power. The i)rincii)al development of these modern cotton factories, as well as other large indu.stries, has taken place since about 1840, and at a greater rate since the close of the war of the rebellion. Sewing cotton was made b\- Samuel Slater \-ery soon after he .started his spinning machin- ery, and has ever since that period been manu- factured in Pawtucket. The true inventors of cotton thread arc said to have been the women* of the \\ ilkinsou tamil\ . They conceived the idea of a thread that would lake the i)Iace of linen, and by twisting \ arn on their domestic >pinniui; wheels made the first cotton thread in 1792. The Wilkinson brothers were the first to begin the regular manufacture of thread. Of the great cotton manufactories in the cit\' at ])resent, the largest concern is what was origin- all\ known as the Conant 'I'hread Comj)any, a Ijranch of the great manufacturing firm of J. iS: P. Coats, I^imited, with works in Paisley, Scotland, Canada and Russia. The Pawtucket works, started in 1S69, now consist of fi\e mills, employ over two thousand hands, and are en- gaged in the jiroduction of cotton thread ex- clusi\'eh'. C.reeue iS: Daniels, the next largest concern to J. (.S: P. Coats, began manufacturing thread at Central Falls in 1S55, although the experience of the senior partner dated back in that ])lace and in tliat industry to i>!24. The firm built a mill in Pawtucket, across the ri\er from Central P'alls, in 1.S60, and enlarged it to its jiresent dimensions in 1S66. The oldest special thread manufactory in the two cities was the Stafford Manufacturing Co., at Central Falls, a direct descendant of Willard & Adams, who began the manufacture there in 1M44, but the mills ha\-e been engaged chiefl\- in the yarn manufacture for many \'ears. Januar\- 1, iS.'-!6, Henry .\. Warburton and James Roth jjurcha.sed the thread manufacturing department of .Stafford & Co., of Pawtucket, and organized the business under the name of the ♦Reminiscences of Horatio X. .Slater, 1884. r ]{]■. C r M H Iv R L A N D M 1 1, 1. S. 143 New England Tliix-ad Cn. Mr. \\'ail)nrl(in has been sole owner since May 24, iSSij, and the factory of the concern, corner of Cottage and Saunders streets, is one of the model industrial establishments of the city. Henry A. W'arbur- ton is president and treasurer, Frank K. War- burton, superintendent and general manager, and Henr\' A. Warburton, Jr., secretary. At Robliin Hollow, now known as the vil- lage of Cundierland Mills, on the .\bbott Run river, in the town of Cumberland, was a mill Iniilt in 179S and started in 1799 by some of the workmen who had been emjiloyed in the old Slater mill. After getting their machiner\- in operation, the sjiinners came to Pawtucket and marched past the old mill, each one with a bunch of cotton yarn in his hat, to show that they, too, as well as vSlater, could make yarn.* Elisha Waterman and Benjamin S. Walcott were the owners of this factory, and the claim has been made that it was the third sjiinning mill erected in the United States. After the introduction of the power loom it became a weaving as well as a spinning mill. It was destroyed by fire about 1S30. Soon after, Bennett \\'hi])ple and Palemon Walcott erected another mill on the site, which finally passed into the hands of Henry Marchant. and while in his po.ssession was burned in 1852 or 1S53. At that time William vSjiink was sujjerintendent. The place then remained in ruins tor two or three \ears, when Amasa Whipple erected a mill, which, unlike the preceding structures, instead of being used in the manufacture of cloth, became a thread mill. Mr. Whipjtle failed, and the mill jmssed into the hands of David R>der, who ojierated it until 1S61 or 1S62, when for the third time fire destroye• the Blodgett & Orswell Co. on Bayley street. The business was started in 1S83 by Edward O. Blodgett. He was succeeded by Blodgett & Orswell in 1S.S5, and the business was incoqior- ated under its present name in 1SS7. 144 ILLUSTKA'n: I) II I STORY o AW'ITC K ]{T TIr- niamUaclurt of cdUnn cloth never seems to lune been a iiopular or ])n)filal)le in- (luslrx in I'awtni'ket until the last (juarter of a centurw There are now, however, two lar.i;e concerns here that will conijjare favorably with anv similar establishments elsewhere, namely, the Slater Cotton Co., with factories on Church and Main streets, started in iS6y, and tlie United States Cotton Co.. which began o])era- tion in iSS;, in a lari^e factor\- in Central l'"alls. The latter mill was built b\- I'ales iS: Jenks in icS63, but was .sold by that firm in 1S65 to A. tS: \V. .Sjjrague, who greatly enlarged it, and o])er- ated it as a flax n\ill lor several \ears. As this iudustrv did not pax', the factorv was converted into a cotton mill and was running as such at the time of the vSprague failure in 1S73. The United .States Cotton Co. also has a small factorv- on the east side, on Division street, which was originally built in 1 Sr)y and ojierated bv the Ho])e Thread Co. l{ach of these cotton companies eni])lov' over six hundred hands. Darius (joff began in 1S40 the manufacture of cotton wadding and batting on the Palmer river in Rehoboth. but in 1S4J removed to Paw- tucket, and laid the foundations of the business from which the present great establishment of the Union Wadding Co. has grown. In 1.S61, in company with his eldest .son, Darius L., and W. F. and F. C. Sayles, Mr. Goff began the man- ufacture of worsted braids. .After various vicis- situdes, fires and removals, the .Savles brothers withdrew from the firm. Mr. (".off and his son returned to I'awtucket, ami in 1 Si')4 began to manufacture in the old Stone mill south of the bridge on the east side. The business increased and ])ros])ered. In 1872 the brick mill was erected and has since been enlarged and im- proved at various times. Moliair plush has also been made in the great factory since 1882. The works are entirely operated by water power, and are now conductt-d bv Darius I,, and Lvman 15. ('.off, the sons of Darius ('.off, under the name of I), (".off iS: Sons. .\ unii|ne industry, originating in I'avv- tuckel, which has brought wealth to a few of its citizens and a livelihood to a great manv, is the manufacture of haircloth. This was begun in 1 S.s''. but little success at first attended the effort. The members of the original conqianv were iMeeman P>a-\ter, David and James Rvder and C.eorge P. and Alfred H. Pittlefield. In 1S5S Gen. Olney Arnold bought Mr. Baxter's inter- est and Richard Ryder also became a partner. P'inallv, in 1S61, Isaac C. Lindslev, who had l)een engaged in trving to jierfect a loom to weave haircloth, succeeded in the attenqit, and the com])anv secured his patents and others, which gave it a monopoly of the manufacture. .\n incorporated company was organized May, iS'ii, with a capital of Sioo,ooo, under the name of the Pawtuckel Hair Cloth Co. The cajjital was subsequently increased to S^oo.ooo, and afterwards to S>500,ooo. David Ryder retired from the management in 1863. and Daniel G. pittlefield became superintendent and agent. Under his dn-eclion the large mill at Central P'alls was built in 18^4, and the machinery was set up and arranged. When the luisiness was first successfullv' started in I'awtucket only about a dozen operatives were emplo\-ed, but the factory now gives constant work to from 125 to 150 hands. The haircloth loom is a wonderful jiiece ol automatic machinery. Hy the action of the mechanism a single hair is selected and .so placed as to be accuratelv woven into the fabric. Through Mr. Pittlefield's skill in management and in adjusting the machiuerv, and also because of the excellence of Mr. Pind- sley's invention, the company had the field to themselves, and the industrv was verv success- ful. Haircloth is u.sed for furniture coverings, u,((|/l 1 Uo (a. MODERN INDUSTRIAL K STA R I.ISH M E NTS. 145 ill crinolines or paddings, and for inter- linings in ladies' dresses and gentlemen's coats. Between one and two hundred thousand pounds of hor.se hair is used annually. The princii)al market for the product is in the United States. Much ol tile raw material is im])orted from Russia. The works co\er an area of 37.639 .square feet, and the factory, corner of Mill and Cross streets. Central Falls, is one of the largest in the vicinity. In i,S93 the business of the Pawtucket Haircloth Co., the American Hair Cloth Padding Co., and the National Hair Seating Co., was consolidated under the name of the American Hair Cloth Co., but the manufacture is now all carried on in the Central P'alls factory. The officers of the company at present are, Henry B. Metcalf, president ; Jude Taylor, vice-president : Olney Arnold, trea.surer; and Cliarles K. Pervear, agent. The Hope Webbing Co., with a commodious brick factory, corner of Main and Lamed streets, W'oodlawn, said to be the large.st and best equip- ped mill of its kind in the United States, produces narrow woN-en fabrics of cotton, worsted, jute and silk, which are used for bind- ings for horse blankets and carpets, straps for boots and shoes, and material for dress stays, belts, and a great varietx- of otlier purposes. The company was incorporated and the mill built in 1889. At first only one hundred hands were employed, but now 350 are constantly en- gaged. The weekly production is 1,500,000 yards. The officers are Hezekiah Conant, president; Charles Sisson, treasurer : O.scar A. Steere, .superintendent; Willis H. White, sec- retary and assistant treasurer. JOSEPH OTT, ND AGENT OF TM£ f The Harwell Worsted Mills. Central Falls, is the only concern in the community that man- ufactures worsted cloth for men's wear. The fac- tor\- was erected in 1S70 by Phetteplace & Sea- gra^•e of Providence, and was known for mam- years as the Central Falls Woolen Mill. In 1S94. Frederick S. Farwell purdia.sed the property and proceeded at once to enlarge the plant. He renovated the buildings, erected additions, increa.sed the number of looms from 39 to 109, and re-named the establishment after himself. Mr. Farwell from 1884 to 1894, con- ducted the National Worsted Mills on \-aIley street, Olneyville. He acted as superintendent and was the ])rincipal stockholder. Charles 146 ILL r STRATI' 1) HISTORY ( ) !• RAW T I' C K I'.T. Fk-tclRT, the noted wurstt-d \;ini iiianulaclurer, being his chief jiartner. In iSijj llie National Worsted Mills were consolidated with Mr. Fletcher's factories, the Providence Worsted Mills, in a new corporation l)y the name of the National and Pro\-idence Worsted Mills, and for eighteen months Mr. Farwell was sn])erinten- dent, when he resigned to o])erale his own fac- tors Mr. I'arwell is treasurer of the cominun'. The Lorraine Manufacturing Co., on the Mo.shassuck river. Mineral Spring avenue, is engaged in the production of fine worsted and cotton dress goods, shirtings and linings. The establishment is one of the most extensixe in the state, 1 100 hands are employed, and 7,500,000 yards of goods are produced annually. The worsted mills cover an area of 200,000 square feet, and the cotton mills 75,000 square feet. The mills were started here in 1868, but pre- vious to that time a small cotton factory occupied the site. VJ . F. & F. C. Sayles are the present owners, and under their management the works have been greatly enlarged. John J. Kenyon began aliout 1870 the man- ufacture of silk finished, plain and fanc\- spool tapes and braids for manufacturers' use, and boot, shoe and corset lacings, shoe webs, staj- bindings, glazed yarns, spool cotton, braided clothes lines, tying-up twine, and other special- ties in those lines. For over a .score of years he was located in the rear of 56 F^ast avenue, but he now occupies at Darlington a four-story factory, yno feet long by 50 feet wide, and his works co\er an area of about one acre. The Lebanon Mill Company operates a factory at 106 Rroad street and manufactures knitted fabrics, rubber linings, dress shield and corset clothes, and similar goods. The indu.stry was formerly carried on in the village of Lebanon, on the eastern border of Pawtucket, but the mill there was burnett, a skilled (lerman textile manufacturer, in association with Darius L. Coff and Daniel (L Littlefield, formed the Royal Weaving Co.. lor the weaving of fine cotton, silk and worsted fabrics on a loom then recently perfected by .Mr. ()tt. 'I'he Inisiness jiroved very successful and the unique-looking factory opposite the American Hair Cloth mill, Central h'alls, was soon after erected under the supervision of Mr. Littlefield. Mr. Ott is the superintendent of the mill. The f)flficers of the corporation are: Darius L. (joff, ])resident, and Charles E. Per\ear, treasurer. Machinery builders and workers in iron are numerous in Pawtucket. In that respect the ancient repute of the place is well maintained. Some of the exi,sting concerns have mammoth establishments, several are the lineal succes.sors of the ancient shops conducted by the pioneer mechanics, and the descendants of the fir.st settler are still engaged in their ancestor's liandicraft, but with motlern machinery. The great machine shops of James Brown, occupying a number of acres, corner of Main and Pine .streets, adjoining the railroad, may justly be said to have had their genesis in the work- shop of vSylvanus Brown, where he, under lock and key, made the patterns for vSanuiel .Slater's first machinery. The business, however, is the direct descendant of the machine shop .started t)v Larned Pitcher in i8iv In 181.) the firm was Pitcher iS: ('.a\. and in 18^4 S\l\anns Brown's son. James >S., who had had exjierieuce in his father's shop and in Mr. Pitcher's em- ployment, succeeded Mr. ('.a\' and the firm liecame Pitcher & Brown. In 1S42 Mr. Brown became the sole owner and began the con.struc- tion of the present works, which were not full\ MODERN INDUSTRIAL K STA P. I.I SH M E NT S. 147 completed until 1S47. Mr. Urow 11 was a prolific inventor. He devised machines for cutting; beveled gearing, for boring out solid iron tubes for speeder flj-ers, for fluting rollers, invented a lathe for turning irregular forms, and made man> inqirovements in cotton machinery. His son, the Hon. James Brown, succeeded his father in 1S79, and now operates the works along the old lines. Cotton and cordage ma- chinery are the specialties, and when running at their full capacity the works eniplo\- about three hundred men. The abandoned furnaces of the Wilkinsons were not utilized until iS:^2, when Zebulon W'liite in com])an\- with James Hrown again began the foundr\- business, under- the name of White i\: Pirown. Mr. White after various changes in partnerships finally built in 1S4- the foundry w-hich was conducted b\- him until his death in 1859. From that time until 1S80 his sons carried on the founilry in connection with a machine shop under the firm name of Zebulon P. and Joshua S. White, when the latter became sole owner and carried on the business under his own name until his death, Dec. 11, iSgs- The present proprietors are Hemy T. White and Charles F. Butterworth, the son and son-in- law of Joshua S. White, who are now carrying on the business under the name of the J. S. White Co. I)a\id Wilkinson s old patterns were frequently used bx Mr. White, his .sons and their associates in the early years of their operations, so that this business may be said to be the successor of the old anchor sliop. Zebulon I,. White, a son of Zel)- ulon P., became a noted jour- nalist. He was the Washington correspondent of the New York Tribune from 1S70 to iS.So. which position he resigned lo become editor of the Providence Ivvening Pre^s and the Providence Morning .Star. One of the oldest machinery sho])s in Paw- tucket is that of the Fales & Jenks Machine Co., which was started in Central Falls in 1830. The present works on Dexter .street were erected in 1865, and spindles, cotton, woolen and thread machinery, have been the specialties. The W. H. Haskell Co., Main street, next to Brown's machine shop, is the successor and inheritor of the tnisiness in various lines of iron work started by some of the prominent mechanics in the earl>- and middle years of the centur\-. Among these mechanics were Franklin Rand, Jeremiah O. Arnold, Jo.seph Arnold, William Field, Stephen Jenks, Joseph Jenks and Joseph T. Sisson. In the year 1845 William H. Haskell formed a partnership with Nathaniel S. Collyer, and in 1855 became a member of the firm of Pinkham. Haskell 6c Co., which succeeded to the business establi.shed by Col. Stephen Jenks. In 1857 he became .sole owner. The present works were erected in i860 and started in 1861. Bolts, nuts, washers and coach screws are man- ufactured. ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. JAMES C. POTTER, I MACHINE CO. The largest establishment engaged in tht- nianufacture of machinery in the vicinit\ nf Pawtucket is tlie Howard iS: P>ulloui;li American Machine Co., which is located at Pleasant \'iew, just over the Pawtucket line, in the territory of Attleboro, Mass. It is, however, within the industrial district of Pawtucket. The mammoth factories are seated on the north side of the railroad, a short distance from the east liank of the Blackstone river, and o\crlnok Central h'alls. About a thousand men are emplo\ed. All kinds of cotton machinery are manufactured. These works were e.stablished tlmmj^li the energ\- of James C. Potter, a mechanical engineer of great ability, W'ho started the Potter & Atherton Ma- chine Cn. in Pawtucket in iSS; with twcnt\- men. Mr. Pi)tter is president of the company. The Pawtucket Manufacturing Co. is engaged in the manufacture of bolts, nuts, washers, hanger screws, coach screws, set screws and all kinds of s])ecial punching and bolt and nut ma- I'liinerx , and occupies nian\ buildings co\ering more than an acre of ground cm Pine .street. The company was in- corporated in 1.S.S2 and has been uni- f(irnd>- ]irosperous. (")nly 4S hands were em]do\ed the first x'ear, but in 1.S95 a force of 160 men was kept at work. The raw material used is wrought iron and steel, cast iron and steel castings, and the jiroduct is sold chiefly in New I{ngland. .Stephen A. Jenks is jiresi- dent and George H. Webb agent and treasurer. The Xarragansett Machine Co. at Woodlawn is engaged in the manufac- ture of light machinery and gynniasium apparatus. The business was estab- lished in 1882, and was at first carried on in Providence, but as the manufacture in- creased the present factory was erected clcse to the railroad. In iS.Sg the company was incorporated. William L. Coop is president and Joseph Boms secretary- and treasurer, and these gentlemen were the original projectors of the industry. The l)usiness of the Collyer Machine Co. was established liy Nathaniel S. Collyer and Samuel S. Coll\er about 1S61, and was carried on under the name of N. S. Collyer & Co., until after the death of Samuel S. Collyer in 1S.S4, when it was reorganized under the present name, with Clo\is H. Rowen as manager and treasurer. The company builds d\namos and electric FIRE STATIONS. 14$ ^i^^-fii VALLEY FALLS FIRE STATI , 3- VETERAN FIRtMtl PROSPECT STREET fIRE STATION. P f ' 1 m 2. 8R0»D STREET FIRE STATION, CENTR»U FALLS. : TOWN MALL, PAWTUCKET, MASS. 6. KENDALL STREET FIRE STATION. I. so ILI.rSTR ATi;i) HISTORY Ol' PAWTUCKKT. motors, ami niakc-s shailiiii;, pulk-ys and Iriclion couplings as well as lire sprinklers. In 1S94 Mr. Howcn organized another coni])an\- which is conducted in coiniection with the old hnsiness. This is the Collyer Insulated Wire Co., the hnsi- ness of which is accurately described hy its name. William V . Drajier is president and Mr. liowen treasurer. A machine sho]) was started in 1S64 1)\' William W. and Joseph W. Collins, in the old Benedict mill, Central Falls. .Six months later the\' remo\-ed to the old Chii) vStone building, where the\ remained two years, when the\- erected a building in Pawtncket at the northern end ol the Mill street bridge, on the west side of the roadway, which they occupied until it was blown down in the great September gale of i.Sdi^. The},- immetliately rebuilt the shop, and sold it to Bacon Bros., who utilized it as a tannery, and the same premises are now occupied b>- the Eagle Dye Works. At that time the brothers dissoKed partnership, and William W. con- tinued the business alone. He erected in iS6g, on the east side oi the road, at the bridge, oppo- site the former shop, a l)uilding 75 by 38 feet. In i.s.sj his son Henr\' was admitted to jiartner- shi]), and the firm became Collins - Mr. .Smith. .Success attended the efforts of the jirojectors, a coniiian\- was incorporated the same \ear, under the name of the Standard .Seam- less Wire Co., and a factory erected on Mill street. 152 I I,I,U STRATI',!) UISTOUV O !• I'A W T T C K I'.T. opposite Clay street. Central l'":ills. .Xhmit twenty -five hands are enipli)ye- occu- pied 1)\ the Fairbrother Belting Co. Weather- head iS: Thompson, who began business in 1S5S, now manufacture on Mill .street, Central Falls, oak-tanned leather belting, tanned and raw-hide lace and picker leather, and also make thread and silk spools, and have a factory on the river bank a little south of the Central avenue bridge. About 18,000 hides are used annually and over fifty persons are employed. The Star Tanning Company, now located at 140 Front street, was started in 1S79 by Robert Bellew, Oscar A. Jill.son and others. The jilant occupies about two acres. Loom strai)s and pickers, and se\'eral \-arietiesol lace and picker leather, are manufactured. The dyeing and bleaching of yarns has always been a \erv essentia] induslr\ in I'aw- tucket. The first mills lunl shops or depart- ments where these ojierations were carried on. but \'er\- soon the industry' was sjieciali/ed. Barne\ Merrs' was the first man in I'awtucket, and line nl the i,-arliest in the country , tii estab- lish a (hewiirk and bleai'hcrx . He began in !,S()5 and continued the industr\ \er\ success- full\- until his death in i.'-i47. The business was carried on by his sons until iSfid, when Robert D. Mason, a grandson, was adnntled to the firm, which then became known as Samuel Merry & Co. Previous to this time Mr. Mason had been employed by his uncle, and had prac- ticallx' grown up into an experience of the inher- ited family industry. .Samuel Merr\- retired in 1S70, when the firm l)ecaine known as Robert D. Mason & Co. In 1S89 Frederick R. Mason, the son of Robert 1)., and the great-grandson of Barney Merry, was admitted to the firm. The concern was incoqiorated in 1.S92 under the name of the Robert 1). Mason Co., with a capi- tal of $100,000. From the beginning of the business the bleachery was located in the rear of the Merry homestead, on the present lui.st avenue, being eidarged from time to time as required. In 1.S92 the present modern plant on listen avenue, rear of 1077 Main street. Wood- lawn, was first occupied. Here are two build- ings, one 50 by 154 feet and three stories in height, and the other a one-.story ell, 187 by 100 feet, and the works cover about three-quarters of an acre. The nund)er of hands now employed is about one hundred, the dail\- capacity is 20,000 pounds, and the annual business is about $150,000. The industry has adhered clo.sely to its original lines, and the concern now bleaches and dyes spool thread, knitting cott(ni, cords, braids, tapes, cotton, wook-n and worsted \arns. Robert D. Mason is president and Frederick R. Mason treasurer of the corporation. The Harrison Yarn iS; D\eing Co., whose works are on the east bank of the Blackslone river, Front street, dates back to 1S61 when the JAMES BROWN, I WARD 1883-ia92--MAYOR OF PAWTUCK MODERN INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS. 153 WILLIAM H. SLOCUM, ? OF GENERAL MACHtNERY FORCINGS firm of Hale\- & Harrison began the business. In 1S67, Mr. Haley retired, and Richard Harrison did liusiness under his own name until i^<)3, when the concern was incorporated under the present style. The industry consists of tlie dyeing of cotton and worsted yarns for woolen manufactures. About eighty hands are employed. The Home Bleach and I)\e Works are near the Blackstone river, between Valle}- Ealls and Pleasant \'iew, but are just over the Ixn-der in the town of Attleboro. In 1SS2 the buildings, which had ]ircvi('usl\- been used for olhci inuposes, were ulilized \>\ the I'nion \\'a(hling Company for bleaching raw cotton. Peter B. McManus was tlie manager, and three years later he purchased the plant, and since then has operated it for the bleacjiing and dyeing of cotton and worsted \arns. The IJempsey P)leacher\' and Dye Works, 331 North Main street, directly on the western liank of the Blackstone river, commenced operations in 1NS4. The bleaching and dyeing of cotton cloth i^ the s])eciall\-. Tlie eomi)an\ was incorporated in 1883. The l)uildings are substantial Ijrick structures, well equijjjK'd with modern machinerw antl tile ca])acit\- of the works is fifteen tons per da\ . In 1S77 John H. Cumiiiing, a skilled Scotcli dyer, established a shop for the dyeing of garments and domestic goods, and in i8,S3 added a laundry and a carpet cleaning plant. He now has the largest concern of the kind in the community, has been very successful, and his works are located on the Blackstone river. rear of 321 North Main street. The Pawtucket Dyeing & Bleaching Co., established in i.S.Sg b\- the firm of Blodgett & Orswell, has a factory on the site of the Lebanon mill, on the Ten Mile river, and is engaged in the bleaching and dyeing of yarns and stockinet. As the textile manufacture developed in finer lines a demand grew U]) for more beautiful effects in coloring. To meet this want the services of the skilled manufacturing chemist Ijecame necessary, (^ne of the first concerns in the I'nited States to cater to this high- class modern requirement was the firm of A. Harrison & Co., started in a small way on Pine street, Pawtucket, in 1883, by Robert Crossle\- and Alfred Harrison, both skilled practical ELLIS THAYER, BRUSH MANUFACTURER. ANDREW PRIOR, PROPRIETOR FRANKLIN DVE mouS 154 11. LI' STRATI': I) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT chemists. The business increased so largeK- that a new factor)- was erected in 1SS3 on Charles street, North Providence, onh" a short distance outside the Pawtucket limits. Dvers', ]irinters' and bleachers' supplies are made, anil the special- ties are finishing paste, cotton .softener, crystal size, Yorkshire gum, alizarine assistant, soluble oil, nitrate of iron, pure and commercial, solu- tion of tin, muriate of tin and stannate of soda. The works cover about an acre, and the plant can turn out $150,000 worth of compounded goods annually. Since 1S36 the Dunnell ])rintworks has been one of the chief industrial concerns in Pawtucket. It occupies a site previously util- ized from the early j-ears of the century for the manufacture of cotton yarn, bleaching and block jirinting.* Jacob Dunnell, the founiler of the business, was an active anil progressive man, and under his management the establish- ment became one of the largest and most suc- cessful of its kind in the countrw The com])any was incorporated in 1.S5;; under the name of the Dunnell .Manufacturing Co., of which the treas- urer at ])resent is William Wanton Dunnell, a sou of the founder. Besides the calico printing plant the works also include a bleachery and and d\ eworks. Most of the buildings are new, as a fire in Augu.st, 1S90, destroyed nearly all the old structures. In 1852 Lucius 1). Darling connnenced at Mineral Springs the slaughtering of cattle and the preparation of tripe for market. The latter part of the business proved the most profitable and he finall\- discontinued the butchering de- ]>artment, and turned his attention to the pre- paration of tripe and the rendering of market trimmings into tallow and fertilizer material. In 1865 he began to grind bones and a little later put the product on the market as a fertilizer. •Chapter 4, p. 84. His brother I,\ man .M. Darling was admitted to partnership in 1874, when the firm became L. P). Darling ^: Co., and in iS.Si his two sons, Ira C. and Lucius P., Jr., were admitted as partners. Ira C. died July i, 1891. In January, 1884, the concern was incorporated under the name of the Iy. B. Darling I'ertilizer Co. The business has increa.sed steadil\' and constantly since the beginning and the plant now occu])ies six and a half acres. Lucius B. Darling, the founder of the business, died Jan. 1896. At the first meet- ing of the directors after Mr. Darling's death his son Lucius B. Darling was elected presi- dent, and L> man M. Darling was re-elected sec- retary and treasurer. The brush manufacture is now an im])ortant local industrw It was brought to Pawtucket from Attleboro b\' Thomas Green, who sold out to Ivllis and Oeorge W. Thayer in 1870. On the death of George W. Thayer in 1873 another brother, Philo E., was admitted to partnership. V]> to 1880 the firm was known as Thayer Bros. but in that >ear Ivllis sold out his interest, and the original establishment has since then been conducted by P. hi. Thayer & Co., who now manufacture at 22 East avenue, all kinds of brushes for cotton and woolen mills and print works, bleacheries and manufacturing jewelers, out of the best foreign anil .\merican bristles. One floor, 150 by 45 feet, is occupied, the annual production is worth $75,000, and a force of thirty- five hands are employed. Pvllis Thayer after selling out his interest to his brother started an inde]ienilent factory at 177 Iv.xchange street, where he has developed an excellent business. Here he makes brushes that are used for every conceivable purpo.se. .■\bout twenty-five hands are employed, and the factory is a two-stor\- building covering an area of about 5000 square feet. The product is about $50,000 amuially. MODERN INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS. 155 For many years a lar^rf ainotnit of cigar mamifacturint; has been done in I'awtucket. Tlie in(lustr\- has found a local liaf)ilation here, deserting Providence and other jilaces to con- centrate in Pawtiiclcet. vSqnire Z. Pliinney began to make cigars in Pawtucket in 1.S5S. Meanwliile he started a shop in Providence, l)ut in 1S74 removed all his manufacturing to Paw- tucket. His factory is at the corner of Church and Pine .streets, and thirty hands are employed. The firm of F. F. Follett & Son established a cigar factory on Green street in 1867, and has carried on the bus- iness there ever since. From twenty to thirty people are em- ployed, and from 1,000,000 to i,- description. A large force is constantI\ em])loyed, and nearly the whole of the brick building corner of Central and Mills streets, together with a large wooden annex, is occupied. An industr\- to which a number of estab- lishments are now devoted in Pawtucket, is the manufacture of cardboard, begun by Ray Potter in 1844, who was succeeded in r85S by H. B. Dexter, and the concern after various changes became the Rhode Island Card Board Co. Other concerns en- gaged in this indu.stry are Linton Bros. & Co., Orient Card & Paper Co., and the Pawtucket (^.lazed Pa])er Co. The name of mill supplies is applied to many small arti- cles used in x'arious de])art- ments of cotton mills. One of these that has proved of great value and utility is the ring traveler, the manufacture of which was begun by N. P. Hicks in 1853, in Valley Falls. He afterwards went to Pro\- idence, but in 1857 came to Pawtucket and carried on the industrv in the Old .Slater Mill. The E. Jenckes Manufacturing Co., which has a large brick factory on ^^'eeden street, near the railroad, is the successor of Mr. Hicks. The I^xcelsior Loom Reed Company, of which lulward Adamson is the treasurer, manu- factures reeds for cotton silk and woolen looms under patent-s granted to Mr. Adamson, April 14, 1885. The .special feature of these reeds is the increased flexibilitv of the bent wires, 156 ILI.USTRATIU) HISTORY ( ) !• PAW T U C K !•; T tlK-n.-l)y Ic-ssciiinj; friction on war]) threads in tin.- o])i-ration of wx-avins;. Ahont icm.dDO rt't-ds arc produced aunuall\- : tlic works occuin- ahont 10,000 feet of floor space, and s])ecial niacliincrx invenlcct for flic jmrjiosc is used in llic nianii- facture. As a consc(|Uencc of tlic evolution of ind\is trv in I'awtnckcl witliin tin- ])ast rilt\' \ears tlie l)nildinL; of mills, Mocks, scIiooHkiuscs and dwellings has been an important business. He- tweeii 1830 and 1840 Clark Sayles and Nathan- iel Lewin were prominent builders. The latter continued as a contractor until his death in 1S70, and was the .senior partner successively of the firms of Lewin, Fisk i\: KeUNon and Lewin, Ken\-on iX: Co. Ken\()n, Drown & Co. then continued the business, were succeeded b\- Keiiyon, Whitaker tV Smith in iS.si, and .since 1891 P.enjamin F. vSmith has carried it on alone. His shops on Mason street are extensive, and he pays especial attention to mill liuildiug. Another important firm of con- tractors was Bliss & Potter, afterwards Pliss iS: Carpenter, who operated the planini; mill rear of 30 East avenue. Carpenter (S: Willmailh succeeded Bliss & Car]ienter in 1876, and in 1879 the firm became W'illmarth iK: Mackillop. In addition to its building and millwright operations this firm conducts a large woodturning-, sawing and planing mill on Dex- ter street and manufactures builders' supplies. Robert Wilson, who is now one of the largest contractors in Rhode Island, is a young man who started in 18S8 and has erected mills, business blocks, schoolhouses and dwellin.gs. George A. Sinunons in i''^93 succeeded his FRANKLIN N. BLAKE, WAGON AND CARRIAGE MANUFACTURE father with whom he was a ])artner from 1.S72, the llrm being tlun known as R. II. .Simmons t\: Co. 1 lis cstablislinunt is feet in dimensions, carries on stair building, wood turning, sawing, jilaning, band sawing anil general shop work, and manufactures window and door screens. He has been engaged in this industr_\- since 1887, and the Inisiue.ss has con.stantly in- creased, James R. P'airweather started business on his own account as a stair builder in Xo\end)er, 1S90, and in 1893 increased his business by purchasing the shop of 1). A. Kell)-. He now conducts a successful and in- creasing business. The manufacture of wagons and carriages for ordinary purposes is an industry that employs a nuudier of estab- lishments in Pawtucket. I'ranklin X. lilake started as a carriage black- smith in a small wa\' in 1S78, and now occujjies a three-stor\- building, 84 by 40 feet in dimen- sions, rear of 323 Main street, for the manufac- ture of wagons and carriages, and emplo\s twenty men. Bernard McCabe in company with Michael \\'halen started a blacksmith and wheelwright sho]) in 1S75 under the name of McCabe ^: Whalen ; in 1 .S.So Mr. Whalen re- tired, and in 1SS7 Mr. McCabe erected the shops he now occupies for the manufacture of carriages and wagons and the transaction of a general wheelwright and blacksmith lousiness. MODERN INnrsTRIAL EST A B 1. 1 S H M EXTS. 15; The Pawtucket Steam and Gas Pipe Co. was started in 1866 by Robert Alexander, James H. Andrew and David L. Fales, and the com- pany was incorporated in 1S91. The officers are James H. Andrew, president; David L. Fales, treasurer ; and James E. Andrew, .secretary. Many other industries in addition to those enumerated have been or are carried on in Paw- tucket. The manufacture of .stoves and cooking ranges was begun in 1853 by the Pawtucket Furnace Co., and was continued for many years. The R. Bliss Manufacturing Co., wood turners, makers of wooden hand and bench screws, toys, games and novelties, was started by Rufus Bliss about 1830, and the present works on Main street were erected in 1S66. Hand fire engines were built here l)\- William Jeffersfrom 1848^1 1879. Cole Brothers, who began operations here in 1864, now manufac- ture steam fire engines as one of the departments of their busine.ss. Henry F. Jenks, a member of the old Jenks family, has manufactured builders' hardware since 1S65. J. (). Draper & Co. commenced the maiuifacture of .soaji in i,S6i and now carry on a large business. Bela P. Clapp started to make anunonia in 1859, and the in- dustry is now conducted b\- the B. P. Clapp Ammonia Co. Henry F. I.ull lias conducted since 1894 the business of concrete paving, which was .started by his father. P. C. Lull, in 1872. The City Brass Foundry was established by Frank McKenna in 1890 at 9 Slater avenue. 158 ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY f ) F I'AWT FC K I':T. and is still carried f>n 1)\ him at that hication under the name of Frank McKenna «S: Co. The hicNcle trade is well represented 1)\- H. L. S])encer, with warerooms on tile old Slater Mill premises, and by Dawson & Co., whose store at 15S Broad street, is one of the best stocked establishments of the kind in the state. The industries mentioned do not, howex'er, exhaust the list, but are onl\- the largest, most prominent or striking^. The claim has been made that " Pawtucket possesses a greater di- versity' of iiiduslr\' than any cit\- of its size in New F^iigland, or perhaps in this country." Among the goods made and the industries carried on in Pawtucket, Central Falls and \-icinity are : Aluminum novelties, agricultural chemicals, automatic lighting apparatus, advertising .spe- cialties, bands, bench stojis, boot and shoe webs, l)oIt and nut machinery, belt cutters, blind trim- mings, brass work, brooms, corn brooms and brushes, braided fish lines, beaming and chain- ing machines, belt hooks, bloodstone burnishers, boot, shoe and corset laces, patent bottle stoppers, dress and coat bindings, braids, braid rolls, brushes for mills, jewelers, etc., builders' hard- ware, boot webs, banding machines, balance wheels, blank books, butterine, bolts and nuts, cotton cloth, copper, brass and iron castings, cut-off couplings, clearer springs, cotton, worsted and dress goods, cotton openers and lappers, check valves, curled hair, coach screws, calicoes, canned goods, car gates, carriages, carriage top dressing, chemicals for manufacturers, cigars, coffin trimmings, cotton machinery, cotton bat- ting, confectionery, card screens for cotton and woolen carders, chromo boards, cardboards, cone winders, cone winder rolls, cop skewers, cotton banding, cotton yarns, cloth .stretchers and washers, calico printers' and bleachers' machinery, cordage machinerN-, cotton ropes. clothes lines, cut nip])ers, dolls of wood and pa])ier-mache, doubling s])oolers, doors, sash and blinds, drying cans for ])rintworks and bleach- eries, derricks, drinking fountains, d>ers' and bleachers' supplies, dynamos, drivewa\- cross- ings, drum winders, electric lamps, electric motors, extracts, enameled lithographic papers, enamelers' mufflers, electrolytic copper, enamel- ing on wood and iron, friction drills, files, fric- tional gearing, fertilizers, forge and heating furnaces, foot-power machinery, flashlight ma- chines for photographers, fire ])umps, flier twisters, gymnasium apparatus, gutters and mouldings, glazed papers, gilders' furnaces, glues, gummed labels, hangers with self-oiling boxes, hydrants, harness blacking, harness oil, hair- cloth, wooden hand and bench screws, hats, hosi- ery, hosiery winders, horseshoe nails, haircloth looms, insulated wire, ink, ink erasers, insoles, iron cutting shears, jewelry, jewelers' findings, jewelers' tools, jersey cloth, kettles, kier.s, knit goods, knitting machines, lithographic printing, levers, loom reeds, loom reed machiner>-, lawn tennis goods, leather belting, looms, machinists' tools, models, mohair braids, mohair plu.sh, ma- chine bolts, marine engines, mattresses, machine tools, narrow woven fabrics in great variety, neatsfoot oil, nut locks, oil, office punches, printing, plate papers, packing cases and shooks, friction, clutch and other varieties of pulleys, pin tickets, pipe and general wrenches, paper boxes, patterns of all kinds, quillers, reels, rubber belting, ring travelers, shaving brush handles of all varieties, safety valves, stirrujjs, shafting, sewer castings, settees for parks, stock- inet, shoe machinery, sewing machines for shoe and harness makers, spinning frames, spinning mules, spinnLng rings, silk machinery, .steam heating apparatus, soaps, .street car fenders, straps and iron work for buildings, .scarfing machines, spindles for manufacturing cotton. BENJAMIN FESSENDEN, NENT COTTON t f FALLS FOR EIC VARir-:n INDUSTRIES OF P AWTUC K F,T. 159 AUTUMN VIEW OF PARK PLACE. wool and silk, spoolers, spooler guides, steam fire engines, shoe leather, .seamless wire, saw sets, rotarv steam jiiunps, sash locks, shipping tags, s])ecial niachinerx', shoes, tapping machines, thread, twine, tin cylinders for textile mills, thread and silk spools, thread dressing machines, thread and yarn reels, tacks, tanks, taps and dies, tapes, top rolls, patent shell rolls, twisters, tallow, webbing of all kinds, wire easels, wire novelties, warp spools, window screens, warps, wooden lioxes for all purpo.ses, including lock corner lioxes for confectioners, etc., wadding, window springs, wire and sheet metal goods, water gates, watch spring winders, water motors, wooden toys, wood workers' tools, yam dryers, yarns of all kinds, >arn printing machines, etc.* The leading industries are machinery build- ing, cotton, woolen, thread and yarn manufac- turing, bleaching, dyeing and calico printing, and iron specialties ; but, as the foregoing list demon.strates, the variety of enterprises is ver\^ great and gives a cosmopolitan character to the industrial community. By not being confined exclusively to one or a few industries the city has a much better prospect of uniform and con- stant prosperity , and consequently the prospect of future growth and development is excellent. ♦rawluckft CoiiuiiL-ri-ial Bulk-liii, vol. _. CHAI'TKR XII, CI':XTRAI, l-WI.I.S. M.I'IASAXT \MI-;\V, VAI.I.l'V l''AI.I,S. I.oXSDAI.K AND SAYI.ICSX'I I.I.l'. J~f I/n lOrCH now a (iisliiict iminicipalit\', j[ \^ Central Falls has in reality al\va\s been an iiitej^ral part of the industrial coni- mu!iit\' of Pawtucket. Around every centre of population there grow up offshoots, — ganglias or extensions of the main body, — which have some local life of their own, but deri\-e their strength from and finall}- merge into the sub- stance of the parent communitw Central Falls, the principal one of these local indus- trial centres in the \-icinit\' of Pawtucket, is now a city, and its territor\- is the section north of Pawtucket on the west, bounded on the north by the \'alley Falls pond, on the east by the Blackstone river and on the we.st by the Moshassuck river. The business life of the place is on the Blackstone ri\er about a mile north of Pawtucket falls. The area of its terri- tory is between one and two square miles, which is largely occupied by dwelling houses. The line of separation between Pawtucket and Cen- tral Falls is not visible except on the map. To the eye and for the purposes of residence and business the two places are one, and are onl\ dual in a municipal and political sense. At the beginning of the century, in Central Falls there were only four buildings, and these were near the ri\-er in the vicinit\- of the jiresent bridges. No highway then led to the localilv. Wagons could onh- approach the jdace b_\- the Smithfield road, now Lonsdale a\-enue, and then come down through the woods by a carl track. Footpaths led from Pawtucket falls o\er the hill or along by the river bank, past the Nathaniel or Ichabod Jenks' stone chininev house, and followed the lines of either High, North Main or Broad streets. On the ri\-er bank, near the dividing line between North Providence and Smithfield there was an old building said to have been erected al)out the middle of the last centurx' and oj)erated b\' Benjamin Jenks as a snuff mill.* Most ot the land in the \-icinit\- originally belonged to mend)ers of the Jenks family. vStephen Jenks jnirchased in 1 763 three-fourths of an acre from (rideon Jenks and h'/.ekiel Car- penter, and a trij) hannner and blacksmith shop was afterwards built on this lot. William Jenks of Wrentham, Mass., sold to Benjamin Co/.zens of Providence in 1777 ten acres of land near the ri\er. The latter was a clothier and had a full- ing mill at Pawtucket, but he does not ajijiear to ha\-e utilized the water ])owerat Central Falls. In 17S11 he sold a part of these ten acres to Charles Keene, who immedialel\ engaged S>'lvanus Brown of Pawtucket to build a dam across the ri\-er, erected a l)uilding, and began ■ lieiicilii'l's Reiiiiiiisceiiccs, Xo. !) ; llislory of .Sinillilk-Ul, p. li:>. KARLV IXnrSTRIKS OF CKXTRAL FALLS. i6i the inamifactniv of sc\ llies ami otliL-r c-d^x-d tools. Part ol this huildiii;.;, whicli stood on the soutluvcst corner of .Mill and Charles street, near the present bridge, was suh.sequently occupied by a man named Wheat in the manufacture of chocolate. As this turned out to be a profitable and permanent industry the locality was known as the Chocolate Mill, which name it retained until 1.S24. Levi Hall jjurchased from Cliarles Keene in 1784 one third of his estate, and occupied a portion of the chocolate mill for fulling and the manufacture of wash leather. vStephen Jenks, .Stejihen Jenks, Jr., and Moses Jenks purchased in ijyO the interest of Charles Keene in this property from / his widow, and in 1806 vStephen Jenks purchased the remaining third from the widow of Levi Hall.* The land thus came again into the hands of the Jenkses, and the water power appears to have been u.sed bv them to turn out iron bolts and ship chandlery in the tri]i-liam- mer shoji. fjA, 111 , t STATE SEALER OF WEH 1 he old chocolate factory was about 1807 or 1808 converted into a cotton .spinning mill by l-;iislia Waterman, Henjamin Walcott and Rufus Waterman, and fur man\- years was a .successful enterprise, conducted under the name of the Smithfield Manufacturing Company. The old factory has long since dis- appeared. The other huiUlings near the choco- late mill were the l)lacksmitli or trip hammer shop, a small wooden dwelling house and an old stone house on the river bank, whicli is still .standing at 607 Mill street and is occupied b\- ""^ JAMES M. CRAWFORD, •BflK-clicfs \ .Sinithrifld, p. 114. cences, No. 9; History of theStallord .Manufacturing Co. as a storehou.se.* These buildings comprised the hamlet of Choco- late Mill. Stephen Jenks erected a building at Central Falls in iSi 1 and u.sed it as a .shop in which to finish 10,000 muskets, for the manufacture of which he had a contract with the I'nited States .government at S11.50 apiece. This building was afterwards u.sed as a machine shop and for the manufacture of cotton yarn, but was burned in 1S29. On its .site, .soon after, Lemuel H. Arnold and Palemon Walcott built a mill and engaged in the manufacture of cotton duck. In 1832 Charles Moies and George F. Jenks purchased this property- . and the firm of Moies, Ingraham 6t Co. operated the mill in ihe manufacture of cotton thread. The members of t-liis firm were Charles Moies, H. N. Ingra- ham, Benjamin F. Greene and Samuel Saunders. This build- ing became finally a part of the property of the Stafford Manu- facturing Co.'s estate. In 1823 the water power at Central h'alls was divided into .six privileges, each of which was entitled to an aperture in the .side of the trench six feet long and two feet below the to]) (if the dam. John Kenned\ in conjunction with .Vlmv Ov Brown ])urchased Privilege Xo. 1, built a brick mill in 1.S24-5 and commenced the manufacture of cotton cloth. He operated this factory for about seven years. It then passed through the liands of nian\- owners, was em- ]>loyed in a variety of indu.stries, and the prop- erty is now a part of the premi.sesof the Stafford Manufacturing Co. "Heiic-dict's Rt!niiiisceiice.>i, Xo. SI. 1 62 ILLUSTRAT]',!) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKIvT. John Kcnnedx- was a iniblic spirited citizen. .Mainl\' llnoui;!! his eftorts in colleetins; sub- scriptions, money enough was raised to Imihl the first highway bridge at Central I'alls. It was coni])leted in 1S27, on which occasion a jiublic celebration was held in a mill then jnst finisheil, which had been erected 1)\ Daxicl and (ieorge Jenks on Privilege No. 2. James C. Starkweather was the orator of the dav, and all the substantial citizens of the neighborhooil were present. ( )n that occasion Stejihen Jenks announced that the old name woulil be dro])ped and the place would be known thereafter as Central P'alls. The Jenks mill in which this celebration was held was successivel\' used for the manufacture of thread and cotton cloth. The property was afterwards divided and a part of it incorporated with the estate of the .Stafford Manufacturing Co., and it now belongs wholl\- to that corporation. On Privilege No. 3 a stone mill was erected in 1S25 by the Pawtucket Thread Manufactur- ing Co., the meudiers ol which were Jabal Ingraham, Bosworth Walker and Uriah Hene- dict, and was utilized on different floors as a machine shop, for the manufacture of cloth and of cotton thread. Stephen lieuedict and Josejih Wood built a wooden mill in 1.S40 (in the north half of Prix'ilege No. 4, and began the manufac- ture of cotton cloth. Alvin Jenks and David G. P'ales erected in 1S35 on the south half of No. 4 and the north hall of No. 5 Pri\-ileges, a wooden building, in the lower stor\- of which they be- gan the manufacture of cotton machinery, while the\ let the upjier portions of the mill for the manufacture of cotton goods. F'ales & Jenks sold out to Phettejilace & Seagraves, who erected about 1.S70 a large brick mill, and operated it for nuin\- years in the manufacture of woolen goods, under the name of the Central Falls Woolen Co. This factors- is now known as the b'arwell Worsted mill, and is carried on by the I'arwell Worsted Co. Charles Moies, John Moies and Cieorge F\ Jenks erected a wooilen mill in 1S39 on the south hall of Privilege No. 5, in jiart of which the>- nmnufactured cotton cloth, while on the other floors H. N. Ingraham made jirint goods anil l)a\id Martin turned out spools and bob- bins. Oreene «S: Daniels afterward occupied the entire building for twenty \ears, lor the making of cotton \arn and s]iool thread, but the jiremises are now a jiart of the estate of the American Hair Cloth Co. vStephen Jenks was the ])ro])rietor of Pri\-i- lege No. 6. He bought, in 1826, the meeting house of the Attleboro Universalist Societ\', — which originallv stood a few roils south of the present Congregational church at Oldtown, North Attleboro, Mass., — mo\-eil it to this loca- tion, and made it into a mill for the manufac- ture of cotton cloth. In iS^o the estate pas.sed into the ])ossession of James F*. Sinnnons, Lemuel H. Arnold and Ruel Richards, who greatly enlarged the building. The lower story was then used by Fales &. Jenks as a machine shop, and the upper floors were utilized for the cotton manufacture. After various changes in ownershi]), the ]>ropert\- finalh' came into the possession of the Pawtucket Hair Cloth Co., and the present brick mill was erected in 1.864. The old mill was removed further down the stream anil is now occupied b\- Wcatherlu-ad iS: Thompson for the manufacture of leather. The vStaftord Manufacturing Co. nowoccu])y Privileges Nos. i and 2, with a large lirick mill, built at different periods, and also owns the old Jenks mill, built in 1S24. The stone mill on No. 3, erected in 1S24, and the wooden mill on No. 4, built b>- Benedict i\: Wood in 1 S40, belong to the I'^arwell Worsted Co. These three old mills are in a \uvy ililapitated coudi- THE TOWN OF SMITIIFIELD. 163 tion, are antique in appearance, and ])resent a strikintj contrast to the newer structures adjoining-. Thv I'aruell Worsted mill occupies the south hall of No. 4 and the north hall of No. 5. The American Hair Cloth Co. owns the south half of No. 5 and the whole of No. 6. All the water power now belongs to the.se three companies, and is owned and utilized on the west hank of the ri\-er. In i,S63 Rufus J. Stafford built the present dam. The old dam was located just above the bridge, and the mill trench ran under the roadwav. At that time the water power was reapportioneil, and the two trenches, the main trench leading to all the mills and the .Stafford independent trench, were constructed. The present apertures allowed to each one of the original six privileges are twent\- six feet each and vary in depth according to position on the trench from 19 to 24 inches. The territory of the city of Central Falls, like its neighbor Pawtncket, was originally a part of the town of Providence. Late in the seventeenth and early in the eighteenth century, the inhabitants of Providence Plantation had pu.shed out into the northern and western wilderness, displacing the In.iian occupiers, and making homes for themsehes in the "North Woods." These sturdy pioneers in- crea.sed .so rapidly that in 1730 the " outlands " were erected into the three townships of Smith- field, Scituate and C.locester, which included the present towns known by these names and also Fo.ster, Hurrillville, North Smithfield, a large jiart of the city of Woonsocket. Lincoln and Central Falls— in fact the entire northern part of the state of Rhode Island. CHAS. P. MOIES, nftST MAYOR OF CENTRAL FALLS, Smithfield was at first a wholly agricultural territory, but with the growth of the cotton manufacture many factories were erected in its limits. The Blackstone river was the eastern boundary of the town, and along its banks as well as on its tributary, the Branch river, cotton mills and villages sprang into being on every available site during the first half of the present century. The population increa.sed more rapidl\- tliau in any other jiart of the state exceiH in i'i(.\ideiicc, and kept jiace with the ratio of increase there from 1800 to 1S40. Only one other section in Rhode Island rivaled Siiiilhfield in this growth, namely the town of Warwick, occupying the valley of the Pawtnxet river, but 164 ILLUSTRATKI) HISTOKV Ol' I'AWTUCKKT. that lagged ht-hiiul llic l)eaulitnl \allc>' ul llie Blackstone b the citi/.ens at an election held Feb. 27, 1S95, by a vote of 1531 in favor to 794 again.st ; but the majority was rolled up in the rural districts, as the vote in the three voting districts of Central Falls figured up a total on each side of 749. The first election under the city charter occurred March 15, 1895, and the city govern- ment was organized March i.s. The officers elected were : Mayor— Charles P. Moies ; Aldermen— Ka.stwood Ka.stwood, Hector Schil- ler, George M. Thornton, William J. Martin, Thomas L. Jollie ; Councilmen — Joseph F. Fales, Graham Cowperthwaite, Cjeorge H. vSpaulding, Myron Fish, Eugene B. Ponton, J. Curry McCartney, Francis H. Washburn, Charles !•;. Cummings, Peter Gorman, Allen r. Barber and Heiu'v Butters. The second city election occurred Dec. 2, 1S95, and the following officers were elected. Mayor— William \dn Gottschalk ; Aldermen— p;astwood Fa.stvvood, Hermenigikle Fontaine, C;eorge M. Thornton. William J. Martin, Thomas L. Jollie ; Councilmen— Graham Cowperthwaite, Joseph E. Fales, George H. Spaulding, Myron Fish, Eugene B. Ponton, J. Curry McCartney, Francis H. Washburn, David Cohjuhoun, Peter Gorman, Allen U. Barber and John T. Peacock. The city of Central Falls is divided into five wards, each of which elects one alderman and two conunon councilmen but the first ward elects three councilmen. The administration is vested in the mayor and these two bodies, which together comprise the city council. The mayor is the chief executive, is a ju.stice of the peace, presides over the joint meetings of the city council, has the power of \-eto either in whole or in part of any action taken in concurrence by the conunon council and board of aldermen. ^ ,\.m.^H BAPTIST CHURCH. BROAD STREET LOOKING NORTH FROM CROSS STREET CENTRAL FALLS. RESIDENCE OF EDWARD A. GREENE. 1 66 II.LU STRATI' D HISTORY OF PAWTl'CKICT. or of any action by either body invohinu- the expenditure of nione>' ; can fill \acancies in subordinate offices, and his appointees sliall remain in office until the position "shall be filled b\ the luuly liavini; the power of election or a]]pointnient." He likewise has the power of nominating the chief of jxilice anil the police constables, subject to the confirmation of the board of aldermen, and can suspend such officers for cause. Tlie board of aldermen has control of the ])olice and in .y;eneral is a semi-executive body ; all licenses and permits are subject to its grant, and it also is empowered to abate taxes or assess- ments. The common council and the board of aldermen together constitute the city council, and by concurrent action the\' pass ordinances, le\-\' and collect ta.xes, a]i])ro]iriate money, care for the cit\' property and determine what officers are necessary to carry on the municipal business. In joint convention the two bodies elect each j-ear a city clerk, a cit\- treasurer, who is also a collector of taxes, a judge of i)robate, an over- .seer of the poor, a city auditor, an insjiector of plumbing, an inspector of l)uildings and other officers, as well as a board of street, water antl sewer connnissioners, consisting of three mem- bers. The i)opnlation of Central Falls in 1S95 was 15,82s, and the valuation $iS, 531 ,000, on whit-h the tax rate was $1.50 per $100. The city is provided with a good system of .sewers built sev- eral years ago, which drain a large part of tlie territor\- on the east and empt\- into the Hlack- stone ri\-er. The western part of the territory is not provided with sewers, but the city owns a large area of land between Lonsdale avenue and the Moshassuck river, purchased at an expense of $20,000, wlu-rc it is intended to dispose of the sewerage of this section bv natural sand filtration. A large trunk sewer has alreadv been constructed here but has onl\- l)een used for the drainage of surface water up to the present. .\ good supjily of water has been obtained from the Pawtucket water works since they were ]>ut into o])L-ration in iSj.S. The Central I'alls Fire District, and the cit\' as its successor, owns the ]npes and i)a\s Pawtucket for the water, receiving in return from the users an income large enough to pay the cost of maintainence, proN'ide for a sinking funtl and ])av interest on the water lionds that were issued to liear tlie expense of construction. In 1890, Ahin F. Jenks presented to Central Falls a little over four acres* of land between Hroad and Washington streets for a park to be known b\- his family name. Since then the area has been impro\ed by the construction of paths, shelters, fountains and an ele\-ated obser\- ator\- of uniipie form, from the jilatlorm of which a magnificent view of the surrounding country- is obtained. The surface of the park is ver\' irregular. In its limits is a high ledge of rocks on which the observatory is seated. The char- ter of the ground is excellently atlapted to the picturesque efforts that have been achieved. Up to the present about $50,000 has been spent in these im]iro\-ements. Central Falls is well ]irovided with public buildings. A fine brick high school, erected in 1888, adjoins Jenks park, corner of Broad and Sunnnit streets. There are eight other school buildings, — fi\e wooden ones with four rooms each ; three of lirick, one with six rooms anil the other two with eight rooms each. Two com- modious file stations, both brick structures, one on liroud anil the other on Kendall street, are fitted out witli the best modern fire apparatus. Tile water su])])ly is so excellent that although one fire engine is owni-d it is liardh' ever used ♦Tlie exact diniensions are 180, ■J54 si\\\j 1 JOHN A. ADAMS, 2 JOHN F. ADAMS, PRES'T STAFFORD MFG. CO. AND PROPRIETOR OF ADAMSDAIE, MASS. THE NEW ENGLAND ELECTROEVTIC ColM'lvR WORKS. 167 JAMES G. FALES, ) GROCeR. except outside assistance is rendered. The City Hall is a commodious wooden building on Summit street, enlaroed to its present dimensions in 1S90. The cit\' is thus well jsrovided with all the conveniences for modern municipal house- keeping. A new and \ery success- ful industr\- in Central Falls is that carried on b>' the ■ New England Electrolytic nehemiah harding, Copper Co. The works oc- cupy the premises in the angle l)etween the railroad lines to Boston and Worcester, formerl\- known as the Sulli\'an boiler shops. The industr\- was started by H. R. Caulfield, who had spent considerable time in experimenting with the electrolytic process for extracting silver and gold from copper. He suc- ceeded in developing the process, and was able to so thoroughly demonstrate its utilil\- that he induced Eewisdhn liros., a jiroiip inent firm of New York ca])italists, to furnish the moiie\ for the cdiistruction of a small plant at Central Falls, with the under.standing that if the \'enture jiroved successful Mr. Caul- field would also construct a large plant for the Hostoii and Montana Mining Co., at (iieal h'alls, Mont. The Lewisuhn liros. were agents for this compain- and at that time had lloated the bonds of the cor])oration to the amount of $600,000, but tlie\' had not succeeded in securing a satisfactory .sy.stem of working the ore. Mr. Caulfield arri\-ed in Central Falls, Jan. 7, iSi;2, and b\- working day and night soon had the old boiler .shops in such shape that he was able to jjlace in position twentv-four vats, one small chiiamo, and a 60 horse-jiower Westinghouse engine. Tile work of preparation went on so well that the plant was pill in operation on Washington's birthdaw iNijj, and from tlie first was successful in the electrolytic production of coi)per. The Messrs. Lewisohn and the officers of the Boston iS: Montana Mining Co. arrived in Pawtucket a few days later, tested the copper, and found it of a 1 higher grade than aii>- prev- iously produced in the United .States. As a result, Mr. Caul- field was immediately empow- ered to proceed to Great F'alls, Montana, where during the sjiring and summer of 1.S92 he erected by contract a large jilant at a cost of $550,000. During 1892 Mr. Caulfield spent his time between Paw- tucket and Great Falls, and made si.x journeN's between the two places. 1 68 ILLUSTRATl'I) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT TIk- ciiiiinKTcial success of the jmirt'ss being (ull\- assured, it was decided to enlarge the Central I'alls works, particnlarh' as co])]ier could he laid down here as cheaplx' as in New York, and also as the hulk of the finished product is used in Xew luigland the market could he more readil\' and t-lieapl> su])plied from I'awtucket than from New York. At the beginning, the ]ilanl was producing 2000 pounds daily, hut under Mr. CauUleld's directiou enough vats were ]nit in to increa.se the out- put to 4500 per day. In 1893 over $80,000 \va.s spent in engines, dynamos, vats a n tl buildings, and the production was in- creased to 700a iiounds per da\-. From time to time since tlien the plant has lieen still further enlarged until at the jiresent it rep- resents an outlay of more than a quarter of a million of dollars, and the dailx' outjjut is about 75,000 pounds of copper, besides thousands of dollars worth of gold and sih'er weekly. The cojiper is shipped to the wire drawers in various parts of New England, and some of it goes to Europe. " Pawtucket cojiper" is (ptoted among the very best grades produced . The works were at first conducted b>- the Lewisohn Bros., but the business was incorpor- ated late in 1892 under the present name of the New England IClectrolytic Copper Co., Eewisohn CUMBERLAND TOWN HALL VALLEY FALL'.. Bros, controlling the slock. In the beginuing Old)' ten or fifteen hands were emj)lo\ed, and the ])a\' roll was about Sjod weekl\-. At the ])resenl 200 men are constant!)- em])lo\ed, the w orks run tla>' and night, Sundays and holidays, and the jiax- roll is more than $2000 weekly. Directly across the Blackstone ri\-er from Central Falls is Pleasant \'iew, which although a jiopulous sulnirb of Pawtucket owes its growth to Central Falls. About 1 850, F;iijah Ingraham bought a farm here antl laid it out in house lots. In order to ojien u]) tlie territor\' a w 00 d e n bridge was thrown o\er the ri\-er at the foot of Cross street in 1853. Pre\-ious to that time the jilace c(ndd onh' be reached by the Mill street liridge.* The first industry started on the Pleas- ant \'iew side of the river was the manu- facture of thread .spools b\' Robert and (jeorge Cu.shman in 1857, in a .stone building at the east end of the new bridge. This business was established by Robert Cushman in 1847 in a small shop in Cumberland. As the method of making s])ools at that time was very crude and unsatis- factorw Mr. Cushman, in c(niiunction with one of his workmen, designed new machinery on the i)rinciples wliich have since that time been •Historical Sketcfi of Pawtucket, p. 143. PLEASANT VIEW 169 used in this manufacture. In 1S50 lie removed the business to Central Falls, where it was located in the linildinti; now occupied 1)\' Weatherhead, Thoni])son (Jt Co., which at that time occupied the jiresent site of the mill of the Pawtucket Hair Cloth Co. The business was carried on in this bnildini; until i.*^57, when the new firm of R. iS: Cr. Cushman remo\-ed across the river into Pleasant View. With its removal the business increased, and an impetus was thereby given to the growth of the locality. The only dwellings here at that period were an old farmhou.se and a slaughter house which had been converted into a residence,* but about 1S63 a boom in house building occurred and many houses were erected. The business of R. iS: (i. Cu.shman continued to increase. The firm became Cushman, Phillips cS: Co. in i.S6,S, in 1875 was succeeded by the firm of Atwood, Crawford & Co., and was incorporated in 1S90 under the name of The Atwood Crawford Co. The ])resident, Abiier Atwood, has been con- nected with the business since uS66, and much of the success is due to his enterprise and energy. The growth of Pleasant \"iew was very materially heljied by the erection here in i860 of the Greene & Daniels mill, which was en- larged to its present dimensions in 1866. It is one of the largest mills in Pawtucket, 407 feet long, 67 feet wide, and five stories in height. Seated on high ground jmrallel to the river, facing the mills at Central Falls, it presents with its two high towers, an imposing appear- ance. The firm of Greene & Daniels began business in Central Falls in 1855 in the Moies & Jenks' mills and also operated the Andrew Jenks' mill. The members of the firm, Benja- min F". Greene and Gen. Horace Daniels, had tHistorical Sketch of Pawtucket, p. 100. had practical experience in the manufacture of yarn and thread for many years previous to this time, and Mr. Greene had worked in the mills of Central Falls as earl\- as 1S24. Tlie\- had built u]i a large business as thread manufac- turers, which is .still maintained by their succes- sors, the Greene & Daniels Ma-nufacturing Co., the president of which is lulward A. Greene, son of the senior partner of the original firm. One of the industries which belongs within the purlieus of Pleasant View is the large cotton machinery manufactorj- of the Howard & Bul- ARTHUR B. MANN, AGENT UNITED STATES COTTON CO. lough American Machine Co.. limited, built in 1894. This establishment is, however, just ox'er the line from Pawtucket, and is in the town of Attleboro, Mass. A desire has been expressed to annex a small portion of Attleboro to Paw- tucket, the district where this factory stands, and the region immediately adjoining, including the Home Bleach and Dye Works, but so far nothing definite has been accomplished. These concerns, however are always spoken of as I i.i.rsTRA'n: 1) history oi' fawtuck irr. hfinj; ill ra\\liu-ki.-t, ami i1il'\' iiatuiall\- hcloiii; to that cit>' iiulustriallw \'alk-y l'"alls is a iiiaiuilactuiiui; \-illa,m.- Ixiiii; on lioth sides of the Hhu'kstont- rixx-r, and is distant about a mile in a northerly direction from tin.- original village and mills at Central I'alls. The ])ortioii on the south side of the ri\er i.s now included in the cit\- of Central I-'alls, but the other side is in the town of Cum- berland, and to that part the name is now more specifically applied. The district between the old villages of Central Falls and \'alle\- Falls is now one of the busiest sections in the new city of Central Falls and has many retail stores. \'alley Falls is now incorporated as a fire district. At the beginning of the centur\- \'alle\' Falls had only two houses, one the residence of Joseph Jenks, a grandson of Gov. Jenks, and the other the house of F^jihraiiii Jenks, the .son of Joseph.* The water power had not been utilized, the river was in its iiati\e condition. and here was one of the fords or wading places. Abraham, Isaac and David Wilkinson pur- chased from Joseph Jenks in April, 1S12, sixteen acres of land including the water privilege, t at \'alley Falls and a right of way through the Jenks estate to Central Falls. David sold out his interest to his brothers in November of the same year. Thex- do not seem to have utilized the property immediately, but ])robably ])ro- ceeded to put the place into condition for the mills they afterwards erected. Isaac Wilkinson about 181 2 built the \'alle>- Falls turnpike, now Broad street, from Paw- tucket to the cross-roads at the Catholic Oak, Lonsdale. The two Wilkinson brothers built a stone mill about 1S20, on the Smithfield side of the ri\-er. William Harris also built a mill about the same ])eriod, and he and his brother. •Benedict's Keiniiiisceiices, No. 9. tHistory of Smithfield, p. 110. S. 1!. Harris, o])erate in i.'^.^.v Mr. Fessenden subsequently became interested in the Abbott Run Manufac- turing Co., which started alxnit 1.S2.S the mills at Happy Hollow and operated them for many years. These premi.ses and the water jxiwer finally passed into the hands of the city of Paw- tucket when the water works were constructed. Crawfoixl Allen built the stone mill on the Cumberland side in 183,1. In 1839 it was ])ur- cha.sed by Olixer Chace, the pioneer cotton manu- facturer in F'all River, who leased it to his .sons, Harvey and Samuel B., and they operated it in the manufacture of cotton cloth until 1852, when on the death of their father the\- and their brother Oliver formed the X'alleN' Falls Co. At this time they purchased the two mills on the vSmithfield side, of which the wooden one was erected in 1844 and the brick one in 1844, and thus became possessed of all the mills and water power on both sides of the river. The Chace family were \er\- successful manufacturers and operated mills at .Mbion and Manville, R, I., Moodus, Conn., and at Fall River. In 1868 the two brothers divided the jiroperty, vSamuel B. taking the A'alley Falls mills and Harvey the Albion. I''all Ri\er and Moodus factories. After that date inan\- im- provements were made at \"alley Falls and the mills on the Cumberland side were more than doul)led in size. A large stone dam, l)nilt in 1854, is one of the finest on the Blackstone river. The two branches of the Chace family ha\-e recentl\' exchanged properties, the Albion Co. taking jio.s.session of the mills at Valley F'alls, and the \'alle\- I''alls Co. becoming the owner of LONSDAI.K. thosL- at MiiikIus, Ciiiiii., and Albion, R. I. James H. and Jonathan, the son.s of Hai'\c\' Chace, are the treasnrer.s of tlie Albion Co., and Arnold B., the son of Samuel B. Chace, is treasurer of the Valley Falls Co. The main office of the Valley Falls Co. is at Albion, and the main ofHce of the Albion Co. is at \'alle>- I'alls in the limits of the city of Central Falls. The Chaces ha\-e been Quakers for gener- ations, and many mendiers of the famil\- still adhere to that faith. They were active in the antislavery movement, and their home at \"alley Falls was one of the stations of the " undergronnil railroad" for fugitive slaves in ante-bellum times. Mrs. Eliza- beth B. Chace, the widow of .Samuel B., has during her long life taken an active and conspicuous jiart in the women's rights, temperance and other reform movements, and their daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth B. (Chace) \V\nian is well known for her stories of New Fjigland factory life and for her maga- zine articles, and is a speaker and writer of more than usual ability. Jonathan Chace rejivesented Rhode Island in Congress from Dec. i, iS.Si, to Jan. 26, 1885, when he was elected Ignited States Senator and served to March, 1889, when he resigned. Lon.sdale, one mile above \'alley Falls on the Blackstone river, consi.sts of two villages, known as the old and the new, the former on the Lincoln side of the river and the latter in Cumberland. The erection of a cotton mill was begun by Brown cv: Ives at the old village in 1829, and it was started in 18,^2.* This firm, •History of Siiiilhfitld, p. loll. ABRAHAM Z. the successor of an old mercantile house of l'ro\i(lence dating back to earl>- in the last cen- tur\-, is now one of the chief manufacturing cor- ])orations in the country. There are a number of large cotton mills at Lonsdale on both sides of the river, and they are operated by the Lons- dale Co., one of the branches of the Brown & Ives interest, and the (loddard brothers are the agents. The x'illage on the Cumberland side occupies the land formerly owned by the Rev. William Blackstone, the first white settler in Rhode Island, and the Ann and Hope mill is on the site of his house.* Lonsdale has always been a model cotton mill village, with good school and church ac- commodations, the dwellings are commodious and tasteful, the operatives receive good average wages, and the sur- roundings have been a credit both to the corporation and people. With the exception of a certain arbitrary and autocratic method of local control, which in the past has FALCON M.D. .soHietiuies been irritating and offensive, the .social and neigh- liorhood conditions have always been of the most pleasant character, and the tone of the conununity has been much above the average factory locality. In the old village are two churches, a Baptist and Episcopal, a public library is maintained, and there is a large brick .schoolhouse built l)y the corporation. The Catholic Oakt a venerable tree now standing in the new village of Lonstlale at the junction of the highway from Valley Falls and the road to the old village, received its name *See Chapter 1. p. l(i. tSee initial, page 9. ILLUvSTK ATJ'D HISTORY OI' P AW T f C K I'T from the lad that, Iroiii about the time of the origin of the vilhige u]) to iS6o, religious ser- vices were held frequentl\' beneath its outspread- ing branches. These meetings were mainl\- con- ducted at first by Rev. James Cook Richmond, an Episcopal clergyman who was the first rector of TrinitN' i)arish in Pawtucket. He gave the tree its name. Other denominations afterwards held meetings in its shadow, and for a time it served as a church for the neigliborhood. The village of Saylesville, on the Moshas- suck river, is in the town of lyincoln, just over the line from the northwest corner of the terri- tory of Central P'alls, and is about a mile south from Lonsdale. Settlers from Providence located in this neighborhood long before 1700, and sev- eral very old dwelling houses still exist in the vicinity.* The water power on the Mo.shassuck river was utilized early in the present century above Saylesville for small cotton mills and printworks. One of the.se, the Butterfly factory, erected for a cotton mill, but afterwards con- verted into a printwork, has some local fame, and receives its name on account of a represen- tation of a butterfly built into the stone work of the front wall, between two windows on the second story. The large bleachery business of W. F. & F. C. vSayles was established in 1S47 on a small scale by William F. vSaxles and has grown until it is one of the largest concerns of the kind in the country. The works co\-er an area of thirty acres and employ over four hun- dred persons. A large village now exi.sts in the neighborhood and is named after Mr. Sayles. In Saylesville is a memorial church, erected liy Mr. Sayles. About a half a mile north of Saylesville is the old Smithfield meeting-house *Cliapter 2, p. Chapter 7, p. of the Friends, of which the original ]iart was erected about 1704, and the remainder about 1745. The old edifice is still utilized b\- the Quakers for occasional services. Sa\les\ille was organized as a fire district July i, 1896, under a charter granted bj' the General Assembly the preceding May. Other localities of Pawtucket that are developing by the erection of residences are the districts known as Lorraine and Fairlawn. The first named is in the neighborhood of the Lorraine mills, and is occujiied chiefl>' by the people who work in those factories. P'airlawn is the name applied to the region at the end of Weeden street, which has Ijeen rendered acces- sible within a few jears by the electric cars. Many dw-ellings of a good cla.ss have been recently erected here, and the neighborhood is pleasant and attractive. Central Falls, \'alley P'alls, Lonsdale and Saylesville, are all intimately connected with Pawtucket. They are parts of the indu.strial community of which it is the chief member. Eventuallx' the>- will probably all become incor- porated with it jioliticallx', forming a Oreater Pawtucket, which will thereby become in popu- lation a city of between fifty and sixty thousand inhabitants. This c|ne.stion of annexation is no new idea but has been broached fre(iuently during the past half century. A jiroposition to annex A'alley P'alls and Central P'alls was con- sidered in a North Providence town meeting as far back as Oct. 3, 1846, but was then decided in the negative. Political reasons and local jealousy have jirevented these consolidations so far, but the actual interests of these different localities will without doubt ultiinatel\- bring- about a union. CHAPTER XIII. KI'I.IGION AND KDT'CATION. THIv inhabitants of Pawtucket on the Rhode Island side were from tlie time of the first settlement members or attendants of the First Baptist church at Providence, but the people on the other side of the river belonged to the Con- gregational church in Rehoboth. For more than a hundred years after the coming of the first settler, no churches existed nearer to the little settlement at the falls. The Providence church was about four miles to the southwest ; the Rehoboth church was three miles to the southeast. Attendance at either entailed a long journey, to which, however, custom soon inured the people here as in other pioneer localities. There was a fundamental difference between the two churches and the attitude of the people toward them. In Providence Plantations free- dom prevailed. A person could go to church, stay away, or found another church without SAYLES MEMORIAL CHAPEL, SAYLESVILLE. incurring legal penalties. Roger Williams's doctrine of soul liberty and the divorce of church from state, was in practice. Neverthe- less the people of Providence and the dwellers at Pawtucket were religious. Ebenezer Jenks, one of the sons of Joseph Jenks, Jr., was the pa.stor of the First Baptist church of Provi- dence from 1 7 19 until his death in 1726 ; and on the testimony of Esek Esten, the genealogist of the Jenks, the first generations were a church going people,* but attendance was voluntary and church membership had no political signifi- cance. In Rehoboth conditions were different. As in the other settlements of the Old Colony and of Massachusetts, the church was a political institution as well as a religious organization. It was as much a part of the civil government as is the fire department in modern cities. The expense of building the church edifice and the jiar.sonage, maintaining services and paying the minister, were all met out of the public funds. The people were not as a result more religious, but every citizen was thereby obliged to contribute to the support of the established religion, and .some of them naturally felt under such circumstances that they ought to attend services in order to get their money's worth. •Pawtucket Chronicle, Dec. 12, 19, 26, 1834. 174 ILU'STK A'ri:i) HISTORY ( ) !• I'AW T U C K I'lT. Tile exani])le of tlic liX'cdoiii ciijnycd in l'ru\- idciicc Flaiitatiniis was one of the causes that j)roin])l<.-(l iiulepciiileiit action in religious mat- ters in Kclioliotli, but the spirit of enligliten- ment then abroad was likewise responsible for inducing stei)S in that direction. Tlie first man who thus asserted his rii;lit to reli.L;ious libertx' in Rehoboth was Obadiali Holmes, who was publiclx' whipped in Boston, for the lej;al REPRESENTATIV F. C. GARVIN, ,ND 1883-7,1893,1895; SENATOR, " crimes of preaching the gospel, administering the sacrament while under sentence of excom- munication, rebaptizing jjcrsons who had been before baptized, disclaiming against the sprink- ling of infants, and such like charges."* It has been claimed that the Rehoboth people did not approve of this punishment of Mr. Holmes, t and the^' probabl\' would not h:\vv ]iroceeded to •History of Kehobotli, ]>. ■Jiiii. tNewmaii's Oration, p. I'd. the e.\tiemit\- that the brutal ministerial breth- ren in Massachusetts were guilty of. Ciov. Jo>e])h Jenks left a manuscript record of the whi])ping of ()badiah Holmes, which occurred vSeplemljer, 1651, in the following words : " Mr. Holmes was whi])]ied thirty stripes, and in such an unmerciful manner- that in many days, if not some weeks, he could take no rest, but la\' upon his knees and elbows, not being able to suffer any part of his body to touch the bed whereon he la>."' This persecution did not lessen the number of per.sons that believed in religious freedom, who were at that period mainly I5aptists, of which creed the church in Providence was the first in the countrv. The adherents of this faith establi.shed a church in Rehoboth in 166-^, but the members of the new society were fined each ^,5 for the sin of schism. .\fter \'arious removals they finallv estalilished themseh'es in a place apart, and founded the town of vSwansey, Mass., in 1663. The Rev. John Miles was the minister of this church and one of the chief promoters of the new town.t .As time jiassed the opposition to the compulsory su]iport of the church and ministr\- gradually- Ijecame stronger, and in the course of events resulted, after much friction and some persecu- tion of the Quakers and Baptists, in the separa- tion of the church from the state. Hut this consummation was not legalh' accomplished in Rehoboth until 1794. + The old Newman church still exists, but under the modern form of voluntary organiza- tion, at Rumford, h'ast I'ro\idence. The existing edifice, built in i.Sio, was renuidelled in i8t)i.*! The First Haptist church of Rro\-i- *History of Relioboth, ]). L'iKi. tllistory of Rehoboth, pp. li:!, (i4. JHislory of Relioboth, p. -'27. §Historical Address on Xcwni.ui Church, by Rev. Leonard L. Ferris, p. 54. THE FRIENDS' MEETING-HOUSE. deuce as it now stands was erected in 1774-3. but has undergone many changes and alter- ations. The conunencenient exercises of Brown Universitj- are held in this hi.storic edifice. The brutality and lack of consideration for others, manifested in their religious affairs by the Pilgrims and Puritans, were carried into other relations of life. These char- acteristics were shown in a marked degree in the treat- ment of the In- dians, leading to the cruelty and disregard of rights that were among the chief causes which brought about King Phil- ip's and other In- dian wars. C)n the other hand the free- dom and toleration prevailing in Prov- idence Plantations was a higher eth- ical development. Roger Williams and his associates were more civil- ized. They re- garded the rights aiore/. of the Indians more carefully and consequently their relations with them were always more peaceful. In the fullness of time the higher ethical idea con- quered the lower, the freedom of Pro\idence Plantations and the spirit of its founder ]ire- vailed, and permeated not only the home of the apostle of .soul liberty but also the common- wealth that had rejected him. Nevertheless, the sturdy conscientiousness that lay at the bot- tom of the insistence by the Puritans and the Pilgrims on their own exclusive way in religious matters was only a virtue per\-erted. When mellowed by consideration for others it has become a public .spirit, potent as a directing and shaping force, and making for pro- gress. The first edifice for religious wor- ship in the vicinity of I'awtucket was the Friends' meet- ing-house, erected "between June, 1703, and Jul\'. 1704,"* which is still standing half a mile beyond the village of Sa\les- ville, in its original location. It was enlarged and re- modeled about 1745, and n o w exists in its out- ward form substan- tially as it then stood. Man\- of the early inhabit- ants of this region of country were Quakers. The toleration and sym])atliy which the Rhode Island people manifested to this at fir.st despised sect was the means of encouraging the spread of their doctrines, and a large pro- jiortion of the jiojiulation became adherents of CURRIER, .ND PRESIDENT CUMBERLAND TOWN ( •Annals of Providence, p. 424 ; see chap. 3, p. 33. 176 ILLUvSTRATlvI) HISTORY OF PAW TUCKET. the new faith. Before the divi.sion of the town of Providenee in 17,^0 there were four Friends' meeting-house.s in the town, and of these this one was the oldest. It was sul)sequenll>- known as the lower Smithfield meeting-house. After the successful beginning of cotton spinning Pawtucket had " become a large com- pact village of upward of fifty families within a quarter of a mile of the center." * Many of the leading inhabitants on both sides of the river came to the conclusion that the community needed a religious meeting house. vSome of the village fathers gathered on Nov. 26, 1792, at the hou.se of Samuel Healy ; Capt. vStephen Jenks presided, Esek E.sten was clerk, and Nathaniel Croade, Esek E.sten, and Jerathmeel Jenks were appointed a committee to devise a plan to .secure a lot of land and erect a building. At an adjourned meeting held in the same house, Dec. 10, the committee reported in favor of pur- chasing for $50 a lot of nine rods square belong- ing to Samuel Healey, and suggested that the mone}' to build the meeting-house be raised b\' subscription. Nicholas Brown, of Providence, who was present, offered to pay for the lot, and Samuel Healey and Cornelius Sweetland agreed to give land for a highway leading to it. The.se proposals were accepted, and vSamuel Healey and Jerathmeel Jenks were appointed to solicit subscriptions, which were secured to the amount of $800. The committee was instructed to erect a house 45 by 36 feet and with 22 feet posts as soon as deeds of the lot and of the land for the roadway had been secured. At a meet- ing held on March 4, 1793, in the Slack tavern, Daniel Toler, Col. lUiphalet Slack and Stephen Jenks, Jr., were appointed trustees of the deed of the meeting-house lot. A charter which went into effect the second Wednesday in May, 1793, was then obtained •Historical Sketch of Pawtucket. p. 161. from the Rhode Island (General .\ssembly, incor- porating the subscribers as the "Catholic Bapti.st Society at Pawtucket in North Provi- dence." This gave the Baptists the right on "the first days of the week" to the use of the edifice to be erected, but provided that at other times any denomination of Christians at the request of any four reputable householders of Pawtucket could hold meetings. The names of these incorporators show that this movement was not .strictlj' along denominational lines but rather on the broader basis of good citizenship. Some of the subscribers indeed were not citizens or residents in Pawtucket but probably had bus- iness or social intere.sts in the place. The lists of names was as follows: " Samuel Healy, Jerathmeel Jenks, Oliver Bucklin, Nathaniel Croade, Benjamin Jenks, James Mason, James Durfee, James Weeden, Nathaniel Walker, Jun'r, I)a\-id Jenks, Thomas Spears, Stephen Jenks, Jun'r, Levi Jenks, Moses Jenks, John Pitcher, Moses Baker, Daniel Toler, Stejihen Jenks, Cieorge Jenks, Benjamin Kingsle\-, John Bucklin, S. Bowers, Jun'r, Comfort Jenks, Samuel Benchly, William Bagley, Jun'r, Ezra Barrows, Josiah Armington, D. Walker, Ezekiel Carpenter, Samuel Jenks, George Nicholas, Samuel Slack, O. Carpenter, Samuel Slater, Jesse Salisbury, Je.sse Busbee, Ivphraim Jenks, Luther Hawkins, Peter Bicknell, Esek Jenks, Ebenezer Tyler, Eleazer Jenks, George Ben- .son, John Brown, Nicholas Brown, Thomas P. Ives, and Aretas Sweetland, or such and so many of them as .shall convene on the second Wednesday of May, A. D. 1793, at the house of Samuel Healy, in North Provi- dence, on the business of their charter." The Quakers alone seem to have held aloof from this enterpri.se but it should be remembered they had the Smithfield meeting-house at their disposal. CH URCHES OF PAWTUCKET AND VICIXITV. 1/7 3. CMRISTCHOBCH, LONSDALE. 6, FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, PAWTUCKET. 2. HOLY TRINITY CHURCH CENTRAL FALLS. 4, ST. PAUL'S CHURCH PAWTUCKET. 6. ST. JOSEPH'S CHURCH PAWTUCKET. ILLUSTRATI'I) HISTORY OF P A \VT f C K IvT. Xotwilhslamliiig this excc-lkiU prfliiuinary action the iiK-i.-tini;-h()Use "stood inLT(.-l\- i.-u- closed. without floors," for years, and the lirst religious nicetin_i;s in the \-illage were held in the red schoolhouse.* The new street leadint; to the house of worship was known as BajHist Uuie, and is now the jiresent Meetiui; street. Tlie first edifice occujiied a ]>ortion ol tlie lot where the First Bajitist churcli now is. The Catliolic Baptist Society exi.sted lor a number of years without becoming a church organization, and Stephen Jenks was moderator, Jerathmeel Jenks treasurer, and Stephen Jenks, Jr., clerk. Under its auspices when the building was completed meet- ings were occasionalh' held. Rev. Joshua Bradley was en- gaged to preach for six months in 1799. Re\'. Dr. Asa Messer, afterwards president of Brown University, preached occasion- ally, and other clergymen occu- pied the jnd])it at various times. In September, 1S04, a Brown University student from Providence, David Benedict, began to preach in the meeting- house, and labor among the people. A religious interest was thereby aroused, and as a result in August 1805, a church was organized with lhirt.\- nine members. The young preacher did not graduate from college until 1806, but he kept u]) his work in Pawtucket, and in October of that y^ear he was regularly ordained as pastor. The ordination sermon was preached by the Re\'. vStephen Gano, the minister at that ])eriod ol the First Baptist church in Providence. The t'hurch increased and prospered under his niinistr\-. CHARLES A. McCALLU DRUGGIST. •Benedict's RiMninisceiices, No. S. and Dr. Benedict continued as pastor until 1.S29, when he resigned, and dex'oted the remainder (it his lile to literary labors. He was the first settled minister in Pawtucket. Dr. Benedict wrote a history of the Baptists, published in 1813, antl various other works on church history. He was a frequent contributor to periodicals and newsjjapers. His rennniscenccs of Pawtucket, jjublished in 1853-4-5, 185.S and i,S64, in the Pawtucket Gazette and Chronicle, whit-h howe\-er were never printed in book form, contain much \aluable data about the histor\- of Pawtucket. An abridgeil form of these reminiscences was jntblished in the Paw- tiicket and Central Falls direc- tory for 1S69-70. Dr. Benedict was born in Norwalk, Conn., Oct. 10, 1779. He learned to be a shoemaker, and worked at that trade for a year or two, but then prepared for college. Ma.\- 4, 1808, he was married to Margaret Hubbell, daughter of the Rev. Stephen Gan- 1857 to March 1862; Rev. Charles I".. Smith. August i863to.\pril i86,S; Rew George BnlU-n, D. D., September 1868 to March 1891 ; Rev. Adelbert vS. Coates, September 1891 to .Septem- ber, 1893. The present pastor. Rev. Daniel W. BAPTIST CHI-RCHKS. wM. T. burrow; PT. GLENLYON DYE-WOSKS. IRVING F. PATT, Faniice. D.l)., began his term of service January, 1H94. The original building was enlarged in 18 13 and again in 1823, and in 1842 was sold and moved off the lot. The present church edifice was erected in 1842, but was en- larged in 1869-70. In 1841, by special act of the General Assembly, the name was changed from the Catholic Baptist to the First Baptist society. There are several other Baptist churches in Pawtucket and vicinity. The Pleasant A'iew Baptist church was built in 1S76, the church society formed April 30, 1880, and the present pastor is Rev. H. B. Hutchins. The Central Falls BaptLst church is on the corner of Broad and Central .streets. The Lonsdale Baptist church was organized in 1843. The Wood- lawn Baptist chapel is on Lonsdale avenue, opposite Centre street. On the east side a church was organized Oct. 7, 1820, by Elder Ray Potter, under the name of the Free Will Baptist society. Meetings were at first held in the old l)rick school- house, which occu]>ied the site where at a later period the town hall was erected. In 1822 a church was built adjoining the brick schoolhouse, on a lot donated b\- Timothv Greene, William Wilkinson and Samuel Slater, by a deed dated July 9, 1 82 I, The building at first was only 35 feet in width by 40 in length, and was severely plain in appearance. It was en- larged in 1846 and again in 1856. In 1884 the pre.sent modern slructme on Broadway was erected, and was dedicated Oct. 15. The old edifice was then sold to the town, and for some years was used as a ward-room and for other public purposes; then became the property of the N'eteran I-'iremen's As.sociation, and is now the house of worship of the Union Baptist church. IClder Potter was the first pa.stor of the original church, but a division took place under his ministry, it is said on account of of a change in his doctrinal views. Both factions claimed the church building, but the dispute as to the property was left to referees, who de- cided agaiiust Elder Potter and his people. Elder Potter was i^astor until May 21, 1821. He with his ailherents then established another church, which for a while worshipped in the brick schoolhouse. This society s u b s e c{ u e n 1 1 y erected a church which was FRANK O. DRAPER, . PU&LIC SCHOOLS, CENTRAL FALLS. I So ILLUSTRATl". 1) HISTORY OF P AWTU C K IvT. loni; kiKiwn as Ivlck-r I'ottiT's, and is saiil to have stood on I'itchfrstix-fl until sonic tina- in the '40s. Alter this affair the church seems to ha\e been reorganized, for the official records say that it was "organized May 28, 1S22, in connection w ith the Rhode Island Free Will Baptist Quar- terl\- Meeting," and the first jiastor under this new regime was Rew Reuben Allen who served lor a while in 1.S22. Ivlder Daniel Cireene, the leader of the victorious faction and a son of TimotliN' Oreene, then became the pastor of the original church, which to distinguish it from that of the seceders was for many years known b\- his name.* He was the minister until 1832. The subseciuent pastors of the church have been, Mr. Loring, 1832-3 ; Maxey W. Burlin- game, 1S34-6: Rev. Hiram Brooks, 1836-8; Rev. vStephen Battey, 1838-9 ; Rev. Samuel Davis, 1839: Rev. Thomas Johnson, 1839-40; Re\-. Manuel J. (lOnsalves, 1840-42 ; Rew Tap- ]>an H. Bacheller, 1842-6; Rev. Joseph Whitte- more, 1846-9; Rev. John Culver, 1849-50; Rew Alvah D. Williams, 1850-5; Re\-. Justis Erskine, ■•^SS"? ; Rev. lulward L. Clark, 1857-8; Rev. Charles Purington, [858-9; Rev. James H. M. Dow, 1S59-61 ; Rev. Samuel 1). Church, 1863-7; Rev. Isaac Hyatt, 1867-72 ; Rev. David Boyd, 1872-7; Rev. Frank E. Davidson, 1877-81 ; Rev. Charles S. Fro.st, 1881-5; Rev. Jeremiah Phillips, 1885-6; Rev. Charles S. Frost, 1886-91; Rev. J. B. Jordan, 1S91-5. The present pa.stor is Rev. J. H. Roberts, who began his connection with the church in 1895.1' There are two Free Bapti.st missions in Pawtucket, the Central avenue mission at 733 Central avenue, and the Bethau}-, on Way land avenue, corner Walker street. ♦History of Ri-hohoth, pp. i;4t-."i. tPawUickft CaziUfand Chronic le, Ortolii-r 17 and 24, 1884. 'i'he Pawtucket Congregational church dates from 1828. In that year a charter of incorpora- tion was secured from the Massachu.setts legis- lature, and Clark Sayles was engaged to erect a building, which was finished early in 1829. A church composed of nine persons, one man and eight women, who had withdrawn from the Congregational church in Altleboro, was organ- ized April 17, 1829. with Rev. Asa T. Hopkins as the minister. Rev. Barnabas Phinney be- came pastor in 1S33, and was succeeded in 1836 by Rev. Con.stantine Blodgett, who held the ofhce until June, 1871. Rev. Josej>h J. Woolley was then mini.ster until the formation of the Park Place church, when he was succeeded after the lapse of a year by the present pa.stor, Rev. Alexander McGregor. The original church edifice was destroyed by fire Nov. 17, 1864. The present beautiful .structure was fini.shed and read\' for use Jul>- 14, 1868. By the will of Col. Eliphalet Slack the $2,000 which was be- queathed for the use of a Congregational church in Pawtucket was used to purchase a dwelling for Dr. Blodgett , but this parsonage has been sold. This church is the perpetuator in Paw- tucket of the s]iirit and life of the old Rehoboth church, in a similar way to which the F'irst Bapti.st church has continued the spirit and life of the first church in Providence. The Park Place Congregational church is an offshoot from the Pawtucket Congregational church, and was formed to accommodate the members of the denomination on the west side. The church was organized in 1882 and the edi- fice erected in 1885. Rev. J. J. Woolley has been the pastor from the beginning to the present. The Central P'alls Congregational society was organized Feb. 7, 1845, and the church was erected and dedicated June 18, 1845. The first pastor was the Rev. Charles Plyde. In 1867 JAMES L. WHEATON, M. D. ST. PAri.'S 1-;PISC()I'AL CHURCH Rev. James H. Lyon became the pastor and still continues to minister to the parish. The corner stone of the present church building-, corner oi High and Jenks street, was laid May, 5, iSS;,, and the church was dedicated April 30, 1884. The original edifice was sold, .still stands on the other side of High street, and is now known as Temperance Hall. The other Congre- gational churches in the connnunit\' are the Swedish Congregational church. Elm street, erected in 1S54 as a New Jerusalem clinrch : the Lor- r a i n e C o n g r e - ga t i on a 1 church, W'eeden street ; and the Memorial Co n g rega t ional church, .Saylesville. Although the c o m m unit >■ was growing steadih', and there were many persons of diverse religious views, the Baptists were the only de- nomination that held religious ser- vices in Pawtucket regularly until 18 14, As a result of evening services conducted in that year, at the solicita- tion of John B. Braid and William Holmes, b\- Rev. Nathan B. Crocker, rector of St. John s Church, Providence, and of regular pircaching by Rev. John L. Blake from June, 1S15, the St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal church was organ- ized as a parisli Dec. 22, 1S15. ,Sanuiel Slater, Da\id Wilkinson, IvHjah Ingraham and Rev. Mr. Blake were ajipointed a committee to con- tract for a church building. The corner .stone was laid June 24, 1816, and the edifice was con- secrated Oct. 15, 1S1-. b\ Bishop Griswold, at which time Rev. John L. IHake was installed as rector. Meanwhile serx'ices had been held in the old relied all the needs of the denomination. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. Mr. Mulcaliey, who in turn was followed in 1S51 l)y Rev. George F. Cu.shman, under whose administration a church was erected. The successive rectors lia\'e since been Rev. Julius S. Townsend, 1853-9 I Rev. J. M. Peck, 1859-60 ; Rev. Edward DeZeng, 1 860-1 ; Rev. S. Brown, 1861-7 ; Rev. Storrs O. vSeymour, 1868-74; Rev. S. R. Fuller, 1S74-7: Rev. Wil- liam P. Tucker, 1877-93. The present pictur- esque stone church on Main street, near School street, was erected in 1SS3. The rector at pres- ent is the Rev. J. Leech Porter. The church of the Good .Sheiiherd had its origin in a mission of Trinit\- church started Xo\-. 1, 1S6S. The cornerstone of the house oi worshij) on Pnoadway, corner of Wood- bine street, was laid March 7, 1872, and the first ser\uce was held June 2, 1872. The build- ing was enlarged in 1875. In i,S74 the Rew Benjamin Ivistwood was installed as rector and has served the parish e\'er since. Christ Church, Lonsdale, was the first l']piscopal church established in the Blackstone valley. The parish was organized Jan. 8, 1834, and a church erected in 1835. In 1882 the building was burned, but on its site the present beautiful .stone edifice was erected in 1883-4 at the expense of the Lonsdale Co. St. George's Episcopal church is in Central Falls, corner Clin- ton and Central streets. St. Clara's Swedish Episcopal church worships in St. Paul's church. The Methodists held meetings in Pawtucket as early as 18 13, and from that time on their numbers steadily increased. In 1827 regular services were held in the red schoolhouse, and Rev. O. Robbins was the preacher. A church was built on High street in 1830. It gave place to a larger one in 1842, which in turn was replaced by the present edifice, built in 1894, and dedicated March 20, 1895. It is now known as the First Methodist Episcopal church. Since 1865 the following pastors have served the church: Rew James D. Butler, 1866-1S67; Rev. M.J. Talbot, 1868; Rev. E. D. Hok, 1869-1870; Rev. S. L. Gracey, 1871-1873; Rev. J. W. Willett, 1873-1875; Rev. E. F.Jones, 1876-1877; Rev. H. B. Cady, 1878-1880; Rev. G. A. Mor.se, 1881-18S3; Rev. G. W. Anderson, 1884-1885; Rev. A. W. Kingsley, 1886-1889; Rev. Porter M. Vinton, 1890-1894. Rev. C. W. Holden, has been pastor since 1895. The Thomson Methodist church, corner of Mineral Spring .\\enue and Conant street in the western part of the city, and the Embury church, Central Falls, are both offshoots of the P'ir.st Methodi.st. Noted Universalist preachers, among whom were the Rev. Hosea Ballou, Rev. David Picker- ing, Rev. Thomas Whittemore and others, preached occasionally in Pawtucket during the earlv vears of the centurv either in the old red THE CITY CIirRCIIKS. 183 schoolhouse, the old Free Baptist meeting- house on the east side, or the Catholic Baptist meeting-house. The First Universalist Society was organized in 1827 and erected a church on Higli street on the site afterwards occupied hy tlie High School. The failures of 1S29 obliged nian>- of the members to move away, and so impoverished others that the building was sold to the Bapti.sts and the church disbanded. The society was gathered together again in 1S40-1 by Rev. John N. Parker, and a church was erected on Fxcliange street in 1841. :\ir. Parker was pastor until 1.S44, and was succeeded by Re\-. J. S. Barry, who remained lint a )'ear. Rev. Calvin Damon was the pa.stor from i,S45 to July 1852 : Rev. Alexander R. Ab- bott 1S52-4: Rev. John H. Campbell, 1854-6 ; Rev. Mas- .sena Goodrich 1857-60. Mr. Goodrich resigned to become a profe.s.sor in a theological school in Canton, N. Y., and then Rev. John H. Farnsworth was pa.stor for one year. In October 1862 Mr. Goodrich re- turned as pastor and remained in charge of the parish until February 1875. He was thus the minister of the church for nearly sixteen years. During his second pastor- ate the present church of Our Father on High street, near Miller .street, was completed and ded- icated Jan. 30, 1868, the sermon being preached by Rev. A. A. Miner, D. D. Mr. Goodrich is the author of the centennial ■•Historical Sketch of Pawtucket." The successive pastors since Mr. Goodrich have been Rev. J. Keyes, 1878-85 ; Rev. J. \V. Tomlin.son, 1885-90; Rev. F. W. Hamilton, iS9o-y5 ; Rev. Edward L. Houghton, in charge of the parish since October, 1895. The Broadway Christian church was organ- ized April 12, 1877, and the building was erected m 1880; but the church cea.sed to exist in 1889. The edifice is now the home of the Broadway Evangelical church. Rev. H. H. Perry, pastor. The remaining Protestant churches in the city now are: the Church of the Advent, Paw- tucket avenue, corner Trenton .street; the St. Matthew's Evangelical Lutheran church, on (h-eene .street, near Central avenue, the mem- ber.ship of which is compo.sed of (lermans; Swedish Evangelical Lutheran church, Garden street; and the People's Mis- sion church, Chape] street, near Pine, Central Falls. The second Roman Catholic church in Rhode Island was erected in Pawtucket in 1829 on a lot of land 1 25 feet .square presented by David Wilkinson for that purpose. It was a very small building, was known as St. Mar\'s, and for a lunnber of years was the house of wor- ship not only for the Catholics of Pawtucket but aLso for those NCH, '..;,. residing many miles around. Rev. Robert D. Woodley was the first prie.st of the parish, having begun his muiistrations in Providence and Pawtucket in i>^2j. With the increa.se of manufacturing a large number of Catholics communicants were added constantly to the population, and new parishes were established as branches from the parent church. St. Patrick's church, \-alley Falls, was completed and dedicated in i860; the pari,sh of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ was formed on Pleasant View in 1872, and the church was completed in 1876: St. Joseph's, on the corner of Walcott and North Bend streets, which was begun in 1873, was completed Octo- iS4 II, LrsTkA'n; 1) history oi' iwwi'rcK irr ber, 187S. The old t-liurch of vSl. Mary was en- larged a luunber of times, and in 1S85 the present line brick edifice was bnilt near tlie old site, on the corner of Pine and Grace streets. In addition to tlie churches mentioned, there are fourotliers. .St. Jean Bapti.ste, Quincy avenue, and our Lady of Consolation, Xortli Bend, corner Webster street, wlio.se communi- cants are French Canadians ; in Central b'alls are Holy Triiiit\-, corner Fuller and Hedley avenues, and Our Lady of the .Sacred Heart, French, Fales street, near Broad. Nearh' all the Catholic churches are large and costl>' brick structures, and the church estates with the adjoining convents and parochial schools are models of neatness and good care. The organization and growth of the.se reli- gious bodies, as thus briefly sketched, illu.strate the change in the elements composing the popu- lation which has been l.)rought about b>- the industrial de\-elopment and the incoming of people from other countries. The growth of the churches has been largely owing to acces- sions of members from abroad, and not to recruits from the existing population. In Providence Plantations education as well as religion was very largely a matter of private concern, while in Reholioth from the beginning the schools were maintained out of the public funds.* The indifference to the claims of pojnilar education during the colonial period in Rhode Island as compared with the neighboring colonies is said to have lieeii owing to the facts that a mixed population was drawn together here by the freedom resulting from the polity of Roger Williams, and that the colony was in an unsettled state for many years on ac- count of boundar\- disputes with its neighbors. t Not until afttr the revolution, was an\- at- tempt made to establish ])ublic schools. In l'ro\idence land had been set apart \-er\- earl\- in the histor\- of the town for the " use and lienefit of a school," but as far as the records show the town never did more than ])ro\-ide a schoolhouse or a room, and in some instances charged rent for these acconunodations while the teachers were supported 1)\' the fees from the ]ni])ils.* An act to establish free schools was passed b\- the Rhode Island Cieneral Assembly- in 1 Soo l)ut was repealed three years afterwards, without having been actually in force. Nothing further was done until 1.S2S when a general school law was passed. In 1843 further legislation was enacted and Henry Barnard, a well known educator, was a])])ointed .state superintendent of schools to cany out the pro\-isions of the new laws. He remodeled the entire school system, and jnit it on a much l)etter basis than formerly. Since that time the laws have been frequently amended. A compulsory education law was passed in 1856, a truant and comjiulsory educa- tion act in 1883, and in 1893 a factory- inspection act, all having for their object the extension of the benefits of education to every child in the community. These laws failed in a measure to accom])lish this result, and Rhode Island has alwaxs had a larger percentage of illiteracy than her neighbors,! at least until within the past few years. IIem-\- Barnard, the first school commis- sioner, was of the o])inion that a manufacturing:; connuunit\' from its "necessary concentration in villages nuist be favorabl\- situated for a ptib- lic school system." This would .seem to be a just conclusion. The reason why the village ]M>pulations in Rhode Island haxx* not lieen *Cha])ter i, p. ")0. tl'ublic Education in R. I., l(i:J7-l.S7(i, pp. 1-4. *.\iinals of Providence, p. 4i)S. tMcssage of tiov. Bourn, 1884. THE FIRvST SUNDAY SCHOOLS AND DAY SCHOOLS. '85 adequately reached by the public schools is onl)- because the methods pursued have uot been in agreement with the circum- stances of the case. The extreme a\-erage poverty, necessitat- ing- the labor of children for the support of the family : the indifference on the jiart of many jiarents, doubtless in the ma- jority of cases the result of their poverty ; and la.st but not least, the self-interest of the manufacturers, leading them to employ children Iiecause of the cheapness of their labor, with an indifference as to other results — all these causes ha\e produced the existing illiteracy in the factory centres. Tlie first schools in Pawtucket seem to have been the Sunda\- schools, which .Samuel Slater is credited with having originated. They were at first secular scIkkiIs and their object was the instruction of the chil- dren em])loyed in the earl\- mills in the rudiments of edu- cation. There is no data which precisely fixes the time when these schools were regu- larly established, but it has been assumed that they were begun as early as 1791. It is said that Mr. vSlater " opened a school in his own house, sometimes teaching the schol- ars himself, but general! y hired a pe son to perform that (hit)-." The firm of Almy, lirown & Slater certainly paid the expense of maintaining such a school in 1 796 and following years, and some of the first teachers were Brown University students. The other mill owners seem to have adopted a similar plan. Finally, about 1815, the Sun- day schools became connected with the churches and were JACOB STEPHANS, couvertcd into religious insti- tutions. The first regular day school in the village was held in the red schoolhouse, which stood where the city hall now is on High .street. The Ijuilding was erected about 1793 by the joint contributions of people on both sides of the river and accom- modated the children from both sections on week days and Sundays also. As the connniinily increased, other ]irivate schools were kept in dwelling hnuses. The best known one was conducted in a liouse on Main street, ojiposite the loot ol Park place. The teachers were Mary D. and Eniih D. Jones, and the dwelling belonged to their family, from which fact it was long known as the Jones schoolhouse. The Jones sisters began teacliing in their hon\e about iS;,2, and from that time PETER F. GORMAN, COUNCILMAN, CENTRAL FALLS. 1 86 I LI, r STRATI'", 1) IIISTORV () !■ I'.WV T l' C K. I'T. (or luaiiy \t.-ars had a vtry jirosjic-roiis scluiol, sonietinies liavin^t^ as nian\- as from fillx' to .seventy-fi\'e jnipils. Tht- old liousc was used as a school until within a ft.-\v \cars of its demolition in 1S79. An academy existed in 1824 on the west side, on Pleasant stn-et near where l)i\isioii street now is. At that time I'.liphas Vay was the teacher and some time later Rev, George Taft, rector of St. Paul's Episcopal church, became the dominie. On the ea.st side there was also an academy, built in 1S28, which stood on a ledge of rocks, on the site now occujiietl l)y Stephen F, h'isk's residence, No, 14 Main street. Piefore 1828 a brick school- house existed on the site now occupied b>" the old town hall, School street. The village people on both sides of the river were thus engaged in an endeavor to secure education for their children along inde- ])en(lent lines. The brick schoolhouse was probably a Seekonk town school. The first town meeting of Pawtucket, Mass., was held in this building, and at that time S35" was apjiro- priated for the schools. The next few \-ears thereafter the appropriations were less than this sum, but they were then gradually increased, l'"or the first time in its history-, acting under the school law of 1828, North Providence on April 16, 182S, voted to raise a sum, " not to exceed $600," for the supj)ort of public schools. In that year, besides the academy, there were tour schools in Pawtucket on the Rhode Island side. The share that North Providence under the new law was entitled to from the .state school fund was $382.96,* so that the total amount available was nearly a thousand dollars, and Pawtucket hail about half the schools in the town. From that time there has been a 'History of l'ul)lic Ivlucalioii in R. I., pp. 4S, .50. continuetl and steadx' achance, whicli can per- haps be better exhibited b>- a few statistics than in an\' other wa\' : The expenditure for schools in North Pro\idence in 1839 was $1,215.38; in Pawtucket it was in 1875 $45,949.95, while the old town, much dimin- ished in area, .spent the same year $2,365.15. The school attendance in North Providence in 1839 was 463 ; in Pawtucket it was in 1875 3,090, and in the old town 201, The school attendance had thus increasefl seven times, but the exjienditure was nearly fort}' times greater. Pawtucket is now provided with twenty-two school buildings many of them fine brick struc- tures, A splendid new brick high school, on Broadway has been com]ileted this \ear. The number of children who attended the public schools in 1895 was 3873, and during the same period 1657 were receiving tuition in the par- ochial schools connected with the Catholic churches, while there were 45 in private schools and 699 reported as not attending any school. The expenditure for the maintainance of the schools during the \ear were $116,087.84. According to the report of the factory inspectors for the year 1895 the number of children under sixteen years of age emplo3ed in factories had de- creased 755 as compared with the previous year. One of the mo.st potent educational institu- tions in the community is the Pawtucket F'ree Pulilic Library. In 1852, as a result of interest aroused in reading and education by a debating- society, a charter for a library was obtained from the Rhode Island General Assembly, and the Pawtucket Library Association was formed. Abotit a thousand dollars was raised b>- the sale of shares, and 1200 books were secured b>- ])ur- chase and gift. V\) until 1860 the library- in- creased !)>■ these means until the number of volumes was 3000. Interest, however began to wane after that period, ami the corporation found THE FRKE PUBLIC LIP, RARY. 187 difficulty ill niaintaining; the library. The shareholders finally offered to give the library, then consisting of 4700 volumes, to the town on condition that it be made free, and Gideon L. Spencer offered the use of a room rent free for five years. These offers were accepted, and in 1876 the Pawtucket Free Public Library was opened in the Spencer block. January, 188S, it was removed to its present quarters in the Sheldon building. The room occupied is 60 bj- 90 feet with large windows on both sides. A unique feature in the manner of conducting the library is that the books are accessible to all. vSo progressive has been the administration of this library in the inauguration of the open .shelf system, the close relation of its work with that of the public schools, and its far-reaching influ- ence with the children who frequent the reading room, that it ranks as one of the most important public libraries of the country. The library now contains 15,000 volumes. Mrs. Minerva A. Sanders was chosen liljrarian when the librarj- became a public institution, and is still its active head. Her a.ssiistants are Fannie Collins, Annie J. Mooney and Edith H. Mason. The officers of the librarj^ at present are : Board of trustees — An.sel D. Nickerson, president, term expires 1897 ; William R. Sayles, vice-president, term expires 1896; Edmund A. Darling, secretary, term expires 1896 ; Ervdng Y. Woolley, term expires 1897 ; Fred Sherman, term expires 1898 ; Alonzo E. Pierce, term ex- pires 1898 ; Ex-officio — Henrj^E. Tiepke, niaj-or; Charles H. Jenks, president of common council; Henry H. Davison, chairman city library com- mittee; Henrj- Barker, chairman school commit- tee; Gilman P. Fisher, superintendent of public schools. The Hon. \V. F. Sayles, who died May 7, 1894, bequeathed the sum of $100,000 to the city of Pawtucket to purchase a lot of land and erect a librar}- building for the Free Public Library. This legacy is to be payable three 5'ears after the testator's death and according to the terms of the will ' ' the gift .shall not go into effect except my said son shall approve of the same in writ- ing." Mr. Sayles's son, PVank A., who is chief heir, has signified his intention orally to the trustees of the library to erect a fine building, sometime in the near future. Consequently, Pawtucket will probably have a library- building of which her citizens will be proud. JENKS PARK CENTRAL FALLS. CHAPTER XIV. THE NEWSPAPERS — THK BANKS. THE journalisni of a connmuiit\- is a s^ood index of its status and growth. The newspapers that have been published, whether the\' failed or succeeded, show the direction of prevailing local tendencies, while those that live owe their existence to the fact that they satisfy a need of S(jnie sort, and thus must register in a measure the character of their en\-ironment. In the early part of the century- a number of newspapers were started in Pawtucket, chiefly in the Rhode Island village, but only one of them lived for anj- length of time. The names of some of these pioneer journals furnish a clue to their style and purpose, and exliibit the influ- ence of the new ideas, reforms, and mov-ements, that from time to time made an impress upon the conununit>'. Among these names were : Truth's Ad\-ocate, John the Baptist, Midniglit Cry, Rose and Lil>-, Sparkling Fountain, Uattle Axe, Temperance Regulator, Mercantile Repor- ter, Observer, Business Directory, Herald, and the New England Artizan and Laboring Man's Repository.* Since that period many papers have appeared, endured for a brief space, and then passed away, leaving hardl\- a trace behind. The paper which lived was the Pawtucket Chronicle and Manufacturers and Artizan's Ad- •Historical Sketch of Pawtucket, p. 119. vocate, whose first issue a])])carL-d Nov. 12, 1.S25. It had four pages of fi\'c columns each, and was issued weekly. John C. Harwood was the pub- lisher and William H. .Sturtevant, a lawxer, was the editor. The enterprise like others of a like kind evidently did not prosper at once, for in a few weeks the paper passed into the hands of Carlile & Brown of Providence. Randall Meacham became the proprietor Veb. 12, 1.S27, and removed the office from an old wooden building on the site of the present Read block, Main .street, to the opposite side of the .street, near the Pawtucket Hotel. Under Mr. Meach- am's control the ]iaper prospered. He changed the title to the " Pawtucket Chronicle and Rhode Ishuul and Massachu.setts Register." Jul\ , 1S29, vSamuel M. Fowler became editor. He seems to have been a man of ability and infused new life into the paper. February, 1S31, he purchased .Mr. Meacham's interest and became .sole pro- prietor, but his health failed and after a long illness he died in icS32. During Mr. Prowler's illness John H. Weeden, an able lawyer, was editor. The jiaper was jnirchased from Mr. I'owlcr's widow in October, rS32, b\- Henry and John li. Rousmaniere of Newport. R.I. The latter with- drew in November, 1836, and the ])aper was con- ducted by Henry Rousmaniere until April, 1839, when it was sold to the proprietors of the Paw- (O, ,^€053% ~£Mo>^-^- CHARLES A. LEE, LtMbt^ -.. Uhn- PROPHIETOSS AND PUBLISHERS P»WTOCKET GAZETTE »ND CHRONICLE. THK PIONEER NEWSPAPER MEN. JOHN E. ROUSMANIERE. tucket Gazette and consolidated with that paper under the name of the Pawtucket Gazette and Chronicle. The (iazette wa.s a paper which had been in existence about eight month.s, having been started Aug. 3, 1838, by Robert Sherman and Shubael Kinni- cutt, who had been apprentice printers in the office of the Chronicle. For some j-ears before this the Chronicle had not been very successful, but the con.solidated paper under the management of the young printers prospered .steadily. Mr. Sherman was the business manager and Mr. Kinnicutt the editor, and they continued to be sole owners until Jan. i, 1864, when Ansel I). Nickerson was admitted to the firm. The two original partners retired Jan. i, 1S70, and Mr. Nickerson and John S. Sibley became the publishers under the name of Nickerson & Sibley. April i, 1S75. Charles A. Lee purchased an interest, and the name was changed to Nick- erson, Sibley & Co. In RANDALL MEACHAM, JOHN C. HARWOOD, FOUNDER OF THE CHRONICLE, 11 1879 Mr. Nickerson retired, the firm then took the name of Sibley & Lee, but on the death of Mr. Sibley, Sept. 13, 1881, Mr. Lee became sole proprietor. Lester W. Upham became a jiartner Jan. i, 1894, and the style of the firm has since then been Lee & Upham. During these years the paper was enlarged repeatedly, until in i860 it had eight columns, but during the war of the rebellion it was reduced to seven, and in 1866 was again en- larged to eight columns. In 1870 it was enlarged to nine columns, p-rom this "blanket fonn " it was changed to the prevailing modern shape, an eight-page, six-column paper, on Jan. I, 1891. John C. Harwood, the founder of the Pawtucket Chronicle, was born in Providence, R. I., March 23, 1800. After leaving Pawtucket he went to New York, where he died December i, 184S. His grave is in .Swan Point cemetery. Providence. Randall Meacham, the second editor and publisher of the Chronicle, was born in Geneva, Ontario county, N. Y., August 17, 1802. He learned the [jrinters' trade and came to Paw- tucket in 1827. He afterwards went to Lowell and from thence I go ILLUvSTR ATI'I) HISTORY OF 1> AW T U C K I'/f. to California, where he died al Oakhuid. A]>ril lo, 1S71J. Samuel Metcalf Fowler, the third jjublisher of the Chronicle, was born in Rehbboth Village, Mass., in 1805. He learned the printers' track- in Providence. He was associated with Mr. Meachani in the publication from 1829 to Feb- ruary II, 1 831, when lie become sole proprietor. He died of consumption, August 26, 1832, and was buried in Warren, R. T. Henr\- Rousmaniere, the last jjublishirr cif Chronicle, was l.)orn in New- ])ort, R. I., in 1S09, and died in Pro\-idence May 19, 186S. John Easton Rousmaniere, his brother, was born in Newport August 3, 1 8 13, and died in Boston, Ma.ss., September 29, 1876. He went from Pawtucket to Boston where he remained as foreman of the Advertiser oilice to the time of his death. Robert .Sherman, the found- er of the Pawtucket Ciazette, was born in Newport, R. L, August 31, 1816. He was ap- prenticed to Randall Meachani in 1828. He worketl in the Chronicle office until i''^34. when he went to Providence, and subsequently to Boston, where he worked on the Post. Returning to Pawtucket he hired a lot of tyjie and an old jiress from George Wilkinson, a prominent manufacturer. August 3, 1838, in company with Shubael Kiimicutt he issued the first number of the Pawtucket Gaz- ette. In 1839 Sherman & Kinnicutt purcha.sed the Chronicle from the brothers Rousmaniere, and on A])ril 26 of that >ear the two papers appeared as one with the present title of "Gazette and Chronicle." Mr. Sherman's con- SHUBAEL KINNICUTT, THE GAZETTE AND CHRONIC iiectiou as publisher and jiart pro])rietor contin- ued until Jannarv i, iSjo. when he and Mr. Kinnicutt disposed of their interests to Nicker.son & Sibley. Mr. Sherman after retiring from the paper, des'oted his time to real estate and kindred business, and so continued up to the time of his death, which occurred on June 23, 1895. He was a man of fine ])hysical mould, witty and active, noted as the teller of a good storx', anil his presence was an every-day feature of Pawtucket's life. vShubael Kinnicutt, who was Mr. .Sherman's as.sociate from 1X38 until 1870, was born in Warren, R. I., Dec. 15, 181 1, and died in Pawtucket, Dec. 16, 1,876. F'rom the beginning in 183S until the sale in 1870 he was editor. He was a can- did and forcible writer always careful and considerate, and all of the productions of his pen were remarkable for their conciseness and absence of any- thing which seemed to savor of sensationalism. He was an in- dustrious and conscientious toiler, at all times po.ssessing a just apjireciation of the res- ])onsibilities of the profession to which he was .so much devoted. He was a man of .strict uprightness of character, and no inducement was strong enough to cause him to swerve from the most rigid confonnity to rec- titude and justice in his dealings with his fellow men. He was extremely deaf for many years, but the accuracy of his local work was re- markable. John .Stanle\- .Sible\-, who was associated with Ansel I). Nickerson in the pid)lication of the Gazette and Chronicle from Jauuarx" 1, 1870, THE FIRvST nAILV PAI'KRS. igi to April I, 1S7S, and from the latter date to the time of his death with Mr. Lee, was born in vSutton, Mass., Sept. 8, 1S.23. He learned the printers' trade in the office of the Woonsocket Patriot and afterwards was one of the employes and stockholders in the liook and job printing office of Knowles .S: AntlKmy in Providence. He was a thorough -going printer of the old reliable school and he was a Christian gentleman seven days in the week. His life was a bene- ficent example of industry, integrity and righteousness. He died in Pawtucket, Sept, 13, 1883, and was buried in Riverside cemetery. In connection with the Gazette and Chron- icle a large printing office has always been con- ducted, and the partners have been practical printers as well as journalists. The paper has always maintained a high character, has been ROBERT SHERMAN, FOUNDER OF THE PAWTUCKET GAZETTE. JOHN S. SIBLEY, ably conducted, and its columns contain the best record extant of the life of Pawtucket. Although a weekly paper it still exerts much force in the comnmnity, and has a large con- stituency. Pawtucket had no daih- pajjcr until it became a city. April 10, 18S5, Mr. Lee, then sole editor and proprietor of the Gazette and Chronicle, issued the first number of the Iv\-en- ing Chronicle, the first daily paper ever printed in Pawtucket. It had a special wire in its own office and received direct news by telegraph from all parts of the world. It was bright and newsy, but there was more glory than money in it, and its publication was discontinued earlv in the succeeding month. George O. Willard, a well-known news- ])aper man, who had for many years been city editor of the Providence livening Press, begun in Pawtucket, on April 30, 18,85, the publication 192 I LLU.STRATlvD HISTORY OK P AWT U C K I",T. of the Kveniiig Times, n small four-page, fi\'e- column pai)er. Tlie enUT])rise jji'ospered, and the paper was enlarged several times until it had eight columns but only four pages. Marcli 26, 1890, it was purchased by Daviil O. P.lack, of Providence, a newspa]ier manager ol great ability, who had built up and conducted the Providence Telegram with uiuisual success for many years. Mr. Black organized the busi- ness as the "Times Publishing Co.," and at once introduced new methods. The paper was ininiediatel\- enlarged to eight pages of six col- umns each, and then, as business increased additional columns were adiled, until now each page has eight columns, and daily issues usually have ten, and sometimes twelve pages. The circulation increased from 3,500 in 1S85 to be- tween 14,000 and 15,000 daily in 1896. When Mr. Willard conducted the Times, small quarters were occupied in the wooden building southeast corner of Jenks lane and Main street, but when Mr. Black assumed con- trol larger accommodations were secured in the Reail block. Main street. A Hoe perfecting press and .stereotyping apparatus were put in operation, and afterwards Thorn typesetting machines were introduced. The business of the paper increased so greatly that Mr. Black decided to erect a build- ing for its special use. Hi 1895 the construction of the Times building was begun, and the first paper was issued from the new structure Marcli I, 1896. The building is on Exchange street, directly opjiosite the railnjad station, and is an imposing structure five stories in front and six in the rear, built of light colored brick with stone trimmings. It covers about 5,000 square feet of ground, and is nearly 100 feet in height. Hi the basement are two large Hoe perfecting presses, the engine, boilers, the sterotyping de- partment and the delivery and store rooms. Half of the first floor at the street level is occu- ])ieil by the business office and the manager's ])ri\-ate office. The front i)art of the second lloor is occu])ied b\- the editors and reporters, and the back jiart by the t\'])esetting machines and the com])osing de])artment. .Mr. P.lack is the sole ])ro])rietor of the new building, is the chief owner in the Times Pub- lishing Co., and is the general manager of the paper. Peter J. Trumpler is the business and advertising manager, and Charles O. Black, a son of the jiroprietor, is treasurer. To these two, Mr. Black has presented a one-fifth interest in the corporation, giving the larger portion to Mr. Trumpler. Mr. Black has two other sons at work on the paper — William H. in the press department, and David Orlando Black, Jr., in the composing room. The Times has been conducted under Mr. P>lack's management with the idea of making it a paper fit to take into aii\' home. It is inde- pendent in jiolitics, caters to prevailing tenden- cies in business or politics, and is run with the end in view of looking out for the interests of the tax-payers. Full telegraphic reports are obtained through the Associated Press, a special wire runs into the office and a skilled operator is constantly employed. Hi the local field the paper covers not only Pawtucket and Central Falls, but the Blackstone valley and neighbor- ing towns in Massachusetts, and is an all-round newspaper. It sells for a cent. Sejit. 15, 1S88, Martin Murrax' began the jniblication of a dail\- ])enn\- newsjiaper under the name of the Pawtucket Tribune, and has continued to conduct it from that time up to the present. The first i.ssue had four pages of seven columns each. Nov. 8, 1S90, another column was added to each page, and on Marcli 15, 1895, the paper was enlarged to eight pages of six columns each. The office was first in THE PAWTUCKET EVENING TIMES. 193 ■ leiiata -i%»*^ me TIMES BUILDING, txi:HAt:Gt STREET. 194 ILLUSTRATI'I) HISTORY OF PAWTU C K IvT. Read's l)l()ck, Main street, hul in iSSg i the i)reseiit ([tiarters in the Record i Iniikling, 3,^11 Main street, were se- cured. Mr. Mnrra\-, the editor and proprietor, was born near Albanw N. v., July 19, 1861. Al)0tit twenty ! years of his life were sjient in Con- necticut , where he was eni]iloyed in a cotton mill until nearl\- twent\'-five years of age, obtaining his education at times in the public schools, in night schools and at the I'lainfiekl, Coini., j AcadeniN'. The Tribune has enjo>'ed | a good degree of success, and has a firm hold upon the people. It was j foremost in agitating the obser\-ance ! of the Slater Cotton Centenar\- in iSijo, and had its editorial, reportorial and mechanical force transferred to I ! the Machinery Hall during the entire ! week's celebration, the Tribune's new j press being the first piece of machin- ery to lie started. Thomas L. Horan i is now the city editor. Although the latest comer in the local fieul of journalism, the Paw- tucket Post bids fair to prove a for- midable rival to its contemporaries. It made its first a]>pearance on Dec. II, 1893, as a ])artisaii organ, and its promoters were a nundier of citi- zens prominent in a certain faction of the Democratic jiartw The ]5aper ser\-ed its ]iur- pose in this line for a time, the pu1)lication office being in the Spencer block, and the busi- ness office l)eing temporarily located in the "New Mill building" on Main street, at the west end of the Ijridge. Among the original owners were a number of prominent Imsiness men, including ex-alderman Ivdward Smith, ex-conncilman ]'>ernard T. Lennon, and attor- MARTIN MURRAY, DITOR AND PROPRIETOR OF THE PAWTI ne>-s J. Osfield, Jr,, and Thomas W. Robinson. After a year or so, political considerations gave way to a certain extent to financial neces- sities, and on Ma>- 2S, iSqs, the Post announced a change of jioliey and that in the future it would be an independent paper. At that time it was enlarged to eight pages. The growth of business soon compelled a change in cpiarters and on Jul\' 25, 1895, the plant was transferred from the vSpencer block to the basement of the THK PAWTrCKI'T POST. 195 Dexter building, under the Post office. Oct. 23. i^95. the first United Press dispatches ever received in the city were publislied by the Post, and tiiis telegraph service has since been con- tinued. Karly in the year 1S96 a number of promi- nent l)usiness men commenced negotiations looking towards the purchase of the Po.st and buiding up from the material at hand a modern newspaper, with the principles of the Rei)nblican party as its jiolicy. The negotiations were suc- cessful and on .Ntarch 2, 1X96, the Po.st announced its change of management and policv and the organization of the new compain- as a chartered corporation, with Henry E. Tiepke, mayor of Pawtncket, as jiresident, and George T. Green- halgh as secretary and treasurer. Pre- parations were at once made for a com- plete revolution of the paper, and on May I, of the .same year the Po.st was issued from its new quarters in the Read block. Main street square, pre- viously occupied by the Pawtucket Times. The old double-feed bed press was supplanted by one of Hoe's latest perfecting pre.s.ses, with a capacity of ID, 000 eight-column eight-page papers per hour. C>lindrical .stereotype plates took the place of the old cumbersome type forms and the hand compositors were displaced by three Mergenthaler linotype machines, the mo.st rapid and practical appliance of the age for me- chanical compcsition. William H. Zel- ler, of the Philadelphia Times, assumed editorial charge of the paper, and Ed- ward P. Tobie, Jr., formerly of the Pawtucket Times, became the citv edi- tor. An efficient corps of assistants and reporters make up the staff, and under its new management the Post has widely increased its inllnence, and has already at- tracted attention in the journali.stic field by the excellence of its make-up. its contents and general appearance. Few people now living can remember the time when news from Pawtucket was not to be found in the columns of the Providence Journal and its afternoon edition the Evening Bulletin. Regularly for more than a quarter of a centurv these papers had a correspondent in Paw- tucket, who furnished news of more or less important events, according to times and cir- cumstances. As far back as in the '60s Thomas P. Barnefield was the correspondent. Frank Jeiiks, a great-great-grandson of Capt. Stephen Jenks, was the news gatherer three or four LINOTYPE TYPE-SETTING MACHINE IN USE BY THE PAWTUCKET POST. 196 ILU'STR ATI'I) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. years prior to 1S76, aiul was an t-xccllenl and faithful reporter. lie k-lt rawlnckcl tn ln-coiiK- a railroad ])ostal clerk. .Viiiont; others who served the Journal were Ilenrx- ]■',. 'rie))ke, the pre.sent iiia\'or of Pawtueket, and Oscar A. Hewitt, who was noted for his wit. I'ldniund Janes Carpenter, a younger hrother of the late Judjre George M. Carpenter, of Providence, was in 1880 and 1S81 the correspondent. He was a good writer, was after- wards editor of the Central Falls Weekly \'isitor for a time, and has since held ed- itorial positions on the Boston newspapers. In October, 1881, however, an effort was made to more fully cov- er Pawtueket and the B 1 a c k s t o n e Valley than had ever been done p r e \- i o u s 1 \- . A room was engaged in Music Hall building, then m^vor of pawtucket. 1 894-6 jtist completed, a local branch office opened, and Fdward P. Tobie who had had an experience of a dozen years at the head of the local force of the Journal in Providence, was placed in charge. At that time there were no local daily papers in Pawtueket. The news was sjiven in fuller detail than formerh-, in fact much better than in the majoritN- of small tlailx- newspapers, and as a result the circulation of the Jour- nal and Bulletin increased greatly in Paw- tueket and \-icinity anil a large ad\-ertising patronage was secured. In a few years more room was required and the Journal local branch office was re- moved to the first floor of the Read block on Main street. One or two other removes were made, but for the pa.st fi\-e years the office has been at the corner of M a i n and High streets, in the historic Iniilding formerl>- occupied by .Sam- uel Slater as a res- idence, where all business connect- ed with the Jour- nal and Bulletin is transacted on the same basis as at the home office i n Providence. Mr. Tobie has always been and still is the agent in charge of this office and now has four assistants : Hugh J. Lee, general news gatherer, including sporting news; Fdward Iv Frost, who looks after all matters in Central P'alls, Lincoln and Cumberland: John Graham, Lonsdale correspondent: James CL Buckley, correspondent at Ashtou and Berkle\-. HENRY e. TIEPKE, Till-: CORREvSPONDHNTS OF OUTSIDH NEWSPAPERS. 197 The Journal has alwa^'s been careful to advance the best welfare of Pawtucket, as a town and city. An instance ma\- be mentioned. In 1882 or 1883 the people of Pawtucket agitated the establishment of a free letter deliver}' s^'stem. At that time a population of 25,000 was neces- sary to secure this boon. The census of 1S80 however showed that Pawtucket had only 20,000 inhabitants. In 1881 four large factories were built and it was argued that the mills would bring into the town sufficient additional popula- tion to make the required number. But this argument had no effect. At this juncture the Journal authorized Dr. Edwin M. vSnow to make a careful census of Pawtucket, the news- paper pa>ing the expense. The result was, that although the population according to the Journal census was not up to 25,000, yet it was sufficient, with the prospect of growth, to secure the free letter carrier sy.stem. After the Journal began to make an imj)ort- ant feature of news from Pawtucket, the Star and Press of Providence also entered the field. For many >'ears Seabury vS. Tompkins, a well- known citizen of Pawtucket, was the local cor- respondent of those papers. Mr. Tompkins died April ID, 1894, aged 62 years. He was a native of Pawtucket, learned the trade of a jirinter in the office of the (razette and Chronicle, and worked at his trade in Providence and elsewhere before he became correspondent. After the sus- pension of the Star and Press about 1885, he was a local reporter on the Pawtucket Times until about a year before his death. In Pawtucket's newspaper hi.stor}- the li.st would not be complete without including the Providence Evening and Sunday Telegram. A branch office of the Telegram was establi.shed here al)Out eleven years ago, although the paper has had a Pawtucket department for a period of about fifteen years. Its early correspondents. however, had no headquarters in particular, and it was not an easy matter for parties having busi- ness with the paper to locate its representatives. For a period of ])erhaps two years headcjuarters were established with the late Michael Coleman, a newsdealer on Main .street .square, with whom arrangements were made for receiving and filling orders: but this plan was found inadequate, and after the news business had been .sold by Mr. Coleman to other parties, a rear room in the store became the Telegram branch office. This store was finally purchased by Michael Moy. Here the office remained until six years ago, when Mr. Moy removed his business to the Benedict House building, 301 Main street. The Telegram went with him and has remained at that location ever since. The Pawtucket office of the paper has given satisfactory results, having facilitated the matter of advertising, made the reportorial duties lighter in main- ways, and given the paper an increased .standing in the connnunity. The Telegram's local representative is F'rank E. Greenslitt, a native of Connecticut, whose newspaper life began in that state as a local cor- respondent while in his teens. He afterwards spent several years sticking type, but this part of newspaper work was not altogether to his liking, however much it may have proved of benefit to him in his reportorial duties. He was corresponding for the Telegram from a Massa- chu.setts town in 188.^ when the management of the paper gave him a call to its Rhode Island staff, and for thirteen years he has been with the iiajier as its Pawtucket represen- tative. With the exception of ICdward P. Tobie of the Journal he is the longest in daily newspaper service of any of the city scribes, and of those on the Telegram when he besjan his duties he is the onlv one remain- I 1,1,1" ST k ATI'. 1) HISTORY ( ) !■ I'AWT l" C K inV The (lc\L'l()])iiieiU >• IIk' publication of a \vfL-kl\ ne\vspa]ier, Ihe Central l''alls Weekly \'isitor, which was started 1)\- ICdward L. Freeman in 1869, and published continuousl\- b\- his ])rinting- house from that time until 1891, wlien it was sold to David J. White and consolidated with the Pawtucket Record. In 1SS6 H. H. vSlieldon started a weekl\- ne\vs])a]ier under the name of the Pawtucket Record. Althoui^h he had had no jirevious ex- perience in this line he made a striking; success of the enteqirise fioth in a journal- istic and financial sense. He conducted the jiaper until Nov- ember. 1S90, when David J. White purchased it. Early in 1 89 1 Mr. White bought the Central Falls Weekly Visitor from li. L. Freeman iS: vSon, and then consolidated the two publications under the name of the Record and \'isitor; but he sold the paper in 1892 to Martin Murray of the Pawtucket Tri- bune, who transferred the ad- vertising and circulation to his own paper, and discontinued the Record and Visitor. For many years large numbers of Canadians of French descent ha\"e settled in the manufac- turing districts of New England. They ha\e ])r()\ed themselves good citizens, industrious, frugal and enterprising, and in some localities the\- and their descendants now form the bulk of the po])ulalion. This is ])articularl\- true of some of the cotton manufacturing districts. Central Falls and other place in the Black.stone vallev now have many French Canadian inhab- itants. While to a large extent the>- ha\e be- come Americanized thev have naturallv Ii\ed JOSEPH MISAEL AUTHIER, ■OR AND PROPRIETOR OF L'ESPERANCE. together, so that in the ])laces where they are numerous there are well iklined l'"reuch Canadian settlements. 'I'liev ha\e their own churches, and within a few \ears newsinqiers in their own language have been .started. L'Esperance, a semi-weekly newspaper, ])rinted in the F'rench language, was established in Central Falls, March 26, i.Sgi, 1)y Joseph M. Anthier, who had received a legal education in Canada, and had had consiilerable journalistic experience there and in the United .States before coming here. The paper has four pages with seven columns each, and is i.ssued e\er\- Tuesdax' and Frida>'. The circvdation is 2,400 each issue, and is constantly increas- ing. In politics the publication supports the Republican party. The first bank in Pawtucket was the Manufacturers Bank, which was incorporated in 1813, and its first board of directors were : Oziel Wilkinson, Thomas Arnold. Joseph Harris, Samuel Arnold, F^benezer Tiffanx-, Samuel Slater, Jacob Dunnell, Timothy Greene, Samuel W. Bridgham, Abraham Wilkin- son, Thomas Burge.ss, Richard Waterman, and Charles Dyer. Oziel Wilkinson was the first ])resident of the institution and he was succeeded b\- Samuel .Slater and William Jenkins. During the panic of 1829 the bank lo.st heavily, and in 1 83 1 it was removed to Providence, reorganized as a national bank in 1803 and is now a large and prosperous institution in that cit\-. The Massachusetts legislature cliartered, June 13, 1814, the Pawtucket bank with a capital of Si 00,000. The place of business was on Main street, and after a few vears the " Bank PAWTUCKET BANKS. 199 Building," south side of Main street, near tlie bridge on the east side, became the home of the institution, wliich continued to do business tliere until about 1850. The Farmers and Mechanics Bank, chartered in 1823, failed in 1829, but soon after in Providence the Phenix Bank was organized under the old charter, and continued to do business until ver\- recently. The North Providence Bank began Inisiness in 1834, but was discontinued in iSGS.* The New England Pacific Bank was started in vSniithfield in 18 18, but was removed to Paw- tucket in 1832. In 1866 it was reorganized as the Pacific National. The capital .stock is now $200,000. The offices are in the fine brick block, corner of Main and Maple ^ streets, which was erected by the bank in 1S91 . The oiTicers are : President, Hezekiah Conant; cashier, Charles L. Knight: directors, Hezekiah Conant, William H. Ha.skell, Jude Ta\lor, lulwin A. Per- rin, Everett P. Carpenter, Hiram A. Briggs, Eyman M. frank l Darling, George M. Thornton, Charles Sisson, William P. Dempsey, and J. Milton Payne. The People's Bank was incorporated in 1846 and continued in business until 1865 when its capital and business were merged in the First National Bank of Pawtucket which was organ- ized that year. The National Bank has a cap- ital of $300,000. It is located in elegant quarters on the ground floor of the Music Hall building. Since its organization it has transacted a very sticcessful business. The president, 01ne> •Historical Sketch of Pawtucket, p. 131. Arnold, has been connected with this bank and its ])redecessor the People's Bank for nearly forty years. The cashier, William H. Park, has been with the First National Bank since it was first established. The directors are : Olney Arnold, Henry F. Barrows, Hezekiah Conant, Edward L. Freeman, William H. Park, Darius L. troff, Lyman B. Coff, Oeorge M. Thornton, and Albert A. Jenks. The .Slater Bank was incorporated in 1S55, reorganized as a national bank in 1865, has a capital of $300,000, and the banking rooms are in the Dexter building, cor- ner of Main street and East avenue. The president is Stephen A. Jenks, the cashier is George W. Newell, and the directors are Stephen A. Jenks, Hezekiah Conant, Frederick C. Sayles, Edward A. Greene, F'rank S. Drowne, Joseph C. Jencks, Samuel M. Conant, Charles O. Read, Frank A. vSayles, and George W. Newell. In Pawtucket there are ■CHELL, three savings banks. The Pawtucket Institution for Savings began business in 1836, has deposits amounting to about $3,000,000 in the names of nearly 6000 persons. The bank occupies quarters in the building owned b\' it and the Pacific Bank, corner Main and Maple .streets. The officers are : President, Hezekiah Conant; vice-president, Jude Taylor ; treasurer, Charles P. Moies : tru.stees, George A. Mumford, George M. Thornton, Charles B. Payne, Edwin A. Perrin, Lyman M. Darling, Charles P. Moies, John .A. Arnold. Isaac Shove, W. D. S. Havens. The Providence County Savings Bank was incorporated in 1853. It deposits are about I I, I.rS'l'RA'Pi;]) HISTORY Ol' I'AWTI'CKKT $1,50(1,000 with abonl 4000 (Ifiwisitcns. Its banking rooms art.- in Music Hall Iniilding. The officers are : President, Henry \i. Metcalf: vice-president, lulmiind S. Mason; secretary and treasurer, ()lne\' Arnold; directors. Pardon E. Tillinghast, Charles H. Krencli, W illiani H. Park, Arthur H. Metcalf, Charles Iv. Pervear, Benjamin 1'. Smith, Adolph Cohen, Albert A. Jenks. The Franklin Savings Bank, which was in- corporated by the Massachusetts legislature in 1.S57, is now located in the Dexter building which is the property of tlie bank, the dejxisits amount to about $1,500,000 and there are about 3,000 depositors. The officers are: President, A. A. Mann; vice-president, Stephen .\. Jenks; treasurer, George \V. Newell; trustees, Charles C. Burnhani, Henry A. Stearns, Thomas P. Barne- field, P'dward A. Greene, Heiu'x' A. Smith, Allen P". Bray, F. A. Barker, Frank M. Bates. The Pawtucket Safe De- posit Co., organized in 1890, occtipies rooms in the l)uilding owned by the Pacific National Bank and the Pawtucket Institution for vSavings. The officers are : Presi- dent, Hezekiah Conant ; vice-president, William H. Haskell ; secretary and treasurer, Charles P. Moies. The entire caj)ital invested in the three national lianks is $.Soo,ooo, while the aggregate amount of deposits in the three savings institu- tions is about $6,000,000, represented by about 15,000 names. All these banks are in a jiros- perous condition and are evidently conducted carefullv and conser\-ati\'elv. GEORGE C. GATES Pawtucket is the liomc of an old and well established insurance compan\- which was chartered at the May vSession of the Rhode Island General Assembl>' in iS4.S, was organ- ized June 19, 1.S48, and began business Feb. m. 1849. This institution is the Pawtucket Mutual Fire Insurance Co. Ivdward .S. Wilkinson was the first jiresident, Capt. John C. Tower the first secretary, Jesse vS. Tourtcllot the first treasurer, and the original board of directors or trustees were Alanson Thaj'er, Steplien Bene- dict, Gideon L. .Spencer, Charles Moies, John H. Weeden, Claudius B. Farnsworth, James C. Stark- weather, Gideon C. vSmith, Horace Miller and Ahin Jenks. Jan. 13, 1^49, Mr. Tower resigned as secretary, when Stephen Gano Benedict was appointed to the posi- tion. He was succeeded by Samuel Shove, Dec. 31, 1850, who resigned Jan. 14, 1S56, when Isaac .Shove was elected and has held the office ever since, for a period of over forty years. Gideon C. Smith, was elected president Oct. 28, 1851, on the resignation of Mr. Wilkinson, and ser\-ed until May 26, 18S4, when Robert .Sherman was elected and continued in office until his death June 23, 1895; he was succeeded by Dr. .\. .A. Mann, who was elected Juh' i, 1896, and still holds the office. The ])resent treasurer is Charles P. Moies, and the board of directors are : George A. Mumford, James L. Jenks, Benjamin F. Smith, George W. Newell, Fxlmund .S. Mason, Philo h'.. Tha>er, Ivdward A, Greene, Frederick W. I\aston, J. Milton Pavne. chaptf:r XV. MODKRN I'AWTrCKKT — WATKR WORK.S — SRWKRS— PARKS — CEMETERIES — MILITARY COM- PANIES—THE VETERAN FIREMEN — SOCIETIES— THE POST OFFICE — HIGH SCHOOLS— MONUMENTS — PUBLIC BUILDINGS — HOMES, ETC. AWTUCKET Is to-day a pro t; ressive immicipalitv provided with the conven- iences so essential to mod- ern life. Her citizens are alert and enterprising^, and awake to the necessity of progress, and projects are on foot which will still fnr- tlier ad\'ance the position of the cit>' antl place her in the fir.st rank as a well- ordered, energetic, modern American community. At the beginning of the century the Rhode Island village of Pawtucket had a semi-public water supply. A fountain ten or twelve feet deep and as many broad, the sides built of logs and the top covered with heavy timbers, was located in the middle of Main street about the ]iresent neighborhood of Trinity- square. A stream or brook ran from this down one side of the road to the distillery which stood near where the Wheaton and Dexter blocks now are, and hollow log pipes conveyed the water to .some of the bleaching fields and to penstocks conveniently located on both sides of the river, where the inhabitants could come and di]) out what they wanted. In iSoS Oziel Wilkinson I Hb SOLDIERS' MONUMENT built another fountain on his " great meadow," on the slo])e of the hill in the vicinity of Park place, and the water was distributed by log pipes in the same manner as from the other fountain.* By the improvement of the roadways, the digging of wells, which cut off the supply of these fountains, and the decay of the wooden pipes, these old water works, had outlived their usefulness before the middle of the icentur\' was reached. After the political union of the two sides of the river had been accomplished in i^j-^, the citizens began to see the advantages of securing a public supply of water. At that time all the water for drinking and culinary purposes was obtained from wells in the house yards. There were no .sewers, and as population increased in density many of the wells became contaminated and unfit for use. By vote of the town meeting a committee consisting of Olney Arnold, C. B. Farnsworth, W. F. Sayles, Robert Sherman, Charles E. Chickering, Samuel S. Collyer and H. B. Metcalf, was appointed March i, 1875, to procure i>lans and estimates for a water supply. This committee, on Dec. 27. 1S75, made a report in which was incorporated a pai)er by Walter H. Sears, civil engineer, who among other .sources of supply suggested taking water •Ik-ncdicl's Rciuuiiscciices, Nos, 3!l and 41.'. ILT.USTR ATI'.D HISTORY O I" I'AWTUCKET. RESIDENCE OF HEZEKIAH CON^lNT, CLAY STREET, CENTRAL FALLS. by gravitation from a storat;c reservoir, which would oV)tain the water l)y natural (lraiiiav;e from sjirings and brooks. The committee recommended this plan liut it was not ado])ted by the town. Meanwhile the question continued to be agitated. At a town meeting, March 30, 1-S77, the electors \-oted to utilize the waters of the Abbott Run, a small stream which unites with the Blackstone ri\-er at \'alley h'alls ; to con- struct a high service reser\-oir on Stump Hill, Lincoln, two and a half miles west of the falls : and to build a pumping station and lay twenty- five miles of pipes. To carry out the.se ])roiects $400,000 was appropriated April 2, 1S87, a board of water commissioners was elected, consisting of Samuel S. CoUyer, William H. Haskell, and George H. Fuller, and the work of construction was begun immediately. The jHunping station and a settling basin were built on the east bank of the Blackstone ri\'er in 1S77. A 3()-inch ]iii>e running along the bank of the Black.stone, from the Happy Hollow pond at the mouth of the Abbott Run, conveyed the water to the engine. The pumping station was located here in order to ha\e it within the town limits, rather than at the tlistril)uling reservoir at the mouth of the Abbott Run, in the town of Cund)erland. B\- this arrangement taxation was a\-oided, but the first cost in\i)l\ed an acUli- tional expense of $67,000. h'eb. 2, 187.S, the works were far enough advanced so on that date they were put in operation, although the high pressure reservoir HEZEKIAH CONANr, Till'; wati':r works. 203 on vStiimp hill, which had been re-iiaiiied Reser- voir heights, was not used until late in 1S7S, and not conqileled until early the killowing year. The original estimate for construction was $385,000, but this amount had been spent and it was found that $200,000 more would be required to complete the works. Such a condition of affairs resulted in much popular dissatisfaction, the water commissioners and the engineer, Wal- ter H. Sears, were blamed, with the result that the engineer was deposed, and a new board of connnissioners elected April 2. 1S79, consisting of Samuel S. Collyer, Isaac Shove and Edwin Darling, who proceeded to carry out the under- taking according to the original ])lan, and the works as first projected were practically com- pleted under their administration. April 2, 1880, Lucius B. Darling, E. A Grout and Robert D. Mason were elected commissioners. April 5, iSSo, the board appointed Ivdwin Darling superintendent of the water works, and under his direction the labor of construction and extension was carried on for fourteen years, or until April, 1894. A second pumping station was built at the dam of the Happy Hollow pond, Valley Falls, in 1SS3, and a third nearby on the bank of the Blackstone river in 1888. The demand for the water, which is of very excellent quality, had become so great that on March 2, 1885, $100,000 was appropriated to THE JOHN B. READ HOMESTEAD 264 ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. build a storage reservoir on IJianioiul hill. This uiulerlakiiig was begun in Miiy . iSS.s, but the dam was .slightly damaged b.v a Hood I'Vb. 12, 1886. The old dam at Happy Hollow pond was also carried away. The Diamond hill reservoir was completed Octolier, iSSj, and the new dam at Happy Hollow was finished in November. The Diamond hill dam is 1055 feet long, 45 feet high, 35 feet wide on top and 160 feet at the bottom, and the reser^■oir has an area of 275 acres with a capacity of 1,600,000,000 gallons. It is situated nine miles north of Pawtucket in the town of Cumlierland on the south side of the hill from which it takes its name. The water works consist at present of three pumping stations, three reser^-oirs and a settling- basin. The water flows through the channel of the Abbott Run from the Diamoml hill reser- voir, into the Happy Hollow pond and from there it is pumped by the engines into the high THE RESIDENCE OF SAMUEL SLATER IN THE EARLY PART OF THE CENTURY AS IT NOW APPEARS. pressure reservoir on Ueser\-oir heights, from which it flows by gravitation into the .service ])il)es. Hapj))- Hollow pond co\-ers an area of about twenty-three acres, has a drainage basin of 23.6 square miles and a storage capacity of about 72,000,000 gallons. The distributing res- ervoir on Reservoir heights is tw(j and a half miles west of the falls in the town of Lincoln, its capacity is 20,000,000 gallons and the height of the water surface above tide level is 301 feet. A pressure greater than usual is thus secured. Pawtucket not only has plent>- of water for her own purposes but also sn]iplies Central Falls, Valley Falls and Lonsdale, Ashton and Berkeley, and East Providence, and water is fur- nished to those places under contracts between the municipalities. The total length of mains in these fi\-e divisions up to Nov. 30, 1895, was 1 28. 24 miles, and the nund^er of coiniections was 7071. 'I'he ilail\- capacity of the works is 12,000,000 million gallons and the average daily constimption in 1895 was " j 5,471,088 gallons. In 1895 the income from water rates and other sources was $164,681, and the total expense was $110,118.50, over one-half of which was interest on the debt incurred in con- •struction, and of the balance $55,000 was set aside for the sinking fund. The works are thus self-su.staining and have been since three years after their completion. The total cost of construction iqi to the end of 1895 was $1,735,488.79, against which is a sinking fund of $455,044, about a third of which has been accumulated (Hit of the water rates. As an THE SEWER SYSTEM. 205 example of immicipal socialism applied to water supply the experience of Pawtucket affords as good an illustration of the benefits to the community as can be found an5'wliere. The cost of water to the consumers is only $5.00 per faucet or $7.50 for two faucets ; when sold b>- meter, 30 cents per thousand gal- lons for household use ; and as low as 6 cents per thousand gallons to large users in propor- tion to quantities taken. It is claimed that no water works in the United States, operated under similar conditions, can make a more favorable showing as to co.st to water takers and expense of construction and maintainence, when the time they have been operated and the height to which the water is carried by direct pumping is considered. Having obtained a water snp])ly the next thing was to get a sewer system. The ilrains which in the earlier history of the town had been put in the streets to carry off the storm and surface water, proved inadequate, as streets were improved and ])opulation increased. Some of them became clogged u]), the waste water overflowed, old wells became catch basins, and there resulted a condition of affairs which was a serious menace to health. From iSSo to 1883-4 plans were considered and the question of sewers discu.s.sed Ijy the town council. The town council of 1883-4 appointed a committee on sewers consisting of Albert Brown, Henr\- A. Smith and Alonzo E. Pierce, but Mr. lirown .soon resigned and Frederick W. Easton was elected in his place. Charles R. Pjucklin suc- ceeded Mr. Easton during 1884-5. This com- mittee began the construction of sewers by day work and up to the end of 1884 had laid 3.67 miles of pipe sewers and 1.25 miles of brick sewers, a total of nearly five miles, and there were about one hundred connections. The town council on Dec. 30, 1884, elected a board of sewer connnissioners consisting of Isaac Shove, FVederick W. Easton, and Charles R. Bucklin, who at once went to work to ) PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD. 206 ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. .i-*»- CARLOS L. ROGERS, improve existing sewers and construct new ones. The town appropriated, April 24, 1SS5, $4,500 for maintenance and construction, and every year since the sewer system has been steadil\- extended, until at the end of 1.S95 in the numicipal liDunds of Paw tucket, with an area of S.72 square miles, there were 34.16 miles of sewers. The disposal of the sewage became a serious (|uestion as the number and length of the sewers increased. In the water- shed of the Blackstone ri\-er direct disposal was the most practical method, but in the district west "f the dividing ridge between the Blackstone and Moshassuck rixers, a different system was necessary. After conferring with engineers and inspecting .sewerage works in other cities it was decided in 1892 to use a system of filter l)eds in this latter section. The cit\- is now divided into two drainage sections, the Hlack- .stone ri\-er district antl the Moshassuck rixer district. At ])resent the sewers in the first district, which are now 27.16 miles in length, all em])t\- directl\' into the Ulackstone river, but according to the plan now contemplated it is jiroposed to conduct all the sewage in this district to the " town landing," on the west side of the ri\-er, just north ol the I)i\ision .street bridge, and from there jiunij) it to filter beds constructed to receive it in a suitable location. The other district has at present only seven miles of sewers which flow b\- gra\'it\- directly into the filter beds, located in the south ])art of the city, on low land orininalU- part of the "Oreat vSwamp," bordering on the .Moshassuck river. The Moshassuck is so small a stream, and is already so fold from natural drainage and waste from factories that direct disposal of sewage into its channel would have been impossible for any length of time. Imu' this reason the necessitx' for some artificial ,sy.stem of di.sposal in the drainage basin of this stream was imperative. Accordingl\- the construction of filter beds was begun in 1.S93 and they first received .sewage during the winter following. The city owns here 8 acres of land, 3.88 of which are co\-ered with filter beds and tanks, 2.36 acres being the area of the receiving surface for sew- age. This space is tli\ided into 13 beds, 4 of which are sludge beds and are slightlv JOHN W. WILLMARTH, F OF PAWTUCKET FIRE OEPARTME ISAAC B. CARPEMFER NAGER PAWTUCKET TELEPHONE SCENES IN LOCAL CEMETERIES. 207 1 ST. PATRICK'S VALLEY FALLS. 4. ST. MARY'S. 3. RIVERSIDE. 2. MINERAL SPRING. 5. MOSHASSUCK, CENTRAL FALLS. 20S ILLUvSTRATKD HIvSTORV OF PAWTUCKKT. ])cl()\v Ur- k-VL-l of the others. On the i;rouiuls are two settling tanks, 30 by 100 feet, and 4 feet deep, which are roofed over. These tanks receive tile sewage and from llieni it is discliarged onto tlie beds.* Tlie small amount of material left on the surface of the sludge beds is composted and has been u.sed as a fertilizer on adjoining land, but no income has been derived from it. From 1S84 to 1S94 the sewers were under the care of the board of sewer connnissioners, l)ut in the latter year a lioard of public works was organized which has since had charge of all the highwa\s, sewers, and water works. The members of this board are Loren O. Ladd, commissioner, and F'red (>. Perry, assistant commissioner. The filter beds and the sewers since 1894 have been constructed under the superintendence of George A. Carpenter, city engineer. The cost of the filter plant, not including the price of the land, has been about $12,000. Pawtucket up to the ])resent has had no great need for public jiaiks, as, with the exception of the section around the falls, the buildings and dwellings are not compacth" assembled, and there are many vacant spaces. With the growth of the city, howe\-er, within the pa.st decade there has arisen a desire for a public ground which the people would have a right to use instead of depending on pri\-ate owners. About 1SS6 a moxement was started to secure the Dunnell estate on the east side, but the attempt failed. This would have made a beautiful park, as it is of a diversified char- acter with trees, lawns and slopes, and is situ- ated on the Blackstone river. The city in 1S94 purchased for a park i.Si acres of land known *Sewage Purification at Pawtucket, R. I., l)y George A. Carpenter, City P^ngiueer. — Engineering Ne-cus, Jan. L', ISitO. as the Daggett farm at the end f)f Brook street on the extreme eastern border of the city. The Ten Mile river skirts this estate on the east. The land is flat, and is in fact on the edge of the Seekonk ])lain, but the ])roximit\' of the rix'er antl some slight elexations at the south afford op])ortunities for good landscape effects. No improvements have yet been made. The name Memorial park has so far been applied to the ground. It is reached through Brook street, but as yet is not accessible by any street car line. B\- a deed dated June 18, 1867, the town of North Providence purchased from Asa Pike for $8,346.75 fifty-five acres of land, with a frontage of about 1500 feet on vSmithfield aveiuie and extending eastward to the Moshassuck river. The intention was to use this territorj- for a cemetery, but as the years passed the project was not carried out. Dec. 11, 1895, the city council voted to convert the old farm into a park. At the May session in 1896 the Genei'al Assem- bly passed an act which will have the effect of making it impossible to use the land for any other purpose. The laud is of a diversified character, well adajited for jiark purposes, and is nuich more accessible than the Memorial park. 'I'here are three small i)arks near the cen- tral part of the cit>-. The largest and oldest is Wilkinson park which is a part of O/.iel Wilkin- son's "old grass field," so well known in the early years of the centur\- as Church Hill com- mon. It was bequeathed to the town b>- O/.iel Wilkinson.* Situated on high ground about a thousand feet west of the falls, it is reached from Main street through Park ]dace, and is a very charming, grass-grown, tree-dotted trian- gular area of a little more than half an acre, enclosed with an iron fence, and has a moini- *Historical .Sketch of Pawtucket, p. :!(i. LYMAN B. GOFF, OF 0. GOFF i SONS, AND PRESIDENT UNIC THR CKMKTF. RIEvS. 209 RESIOEMCt Of GEN. OLNEY ARNOLD, BROAD STREET. mental fountain in the centre. The iron fence was erected and the trees planted about 1871. The area was given its present name by vote of the North Providence town council, Sept. 2, 1872, in honor of Oziel Wilkinson. Mineral Sjiring park is a small, unenclo.sed, triangular area at the junction of Mineral Spring avenue and Main street, and contains a monument to the memory of Samuel S. Collyer, chief engineer of the Pawluckel Fire Department, who died Jul\' 27, 1.S84, as the result nl injuries received at a fire. At the junction of I'ark anil Fountain streets, Pleasant View, is Carter park, a small triangular, unenclosed and grass -grown area. In Pawtucket and Central Falls there are now seven burial urounds. The oldest is Mineral Spring cemetery, which has been in use for more than a century and contains the graves of Timothy- Greene, David Wilkinson, Barney Merry, Pardon Jenks, Franklin Rand, the two wives of Sanuiel Slater, and many of the promi- nent inhabitants of the west side hamlet in the earh- years of the century. Many members of different branches of the Jenks family are here buried. The cemeter\- is a litlle over ten acres in extent, l)Ut it is now near the centre of the cit\' and cannot be extended in area. Oak (rro\-e cemeter\- comes next to Mineral S])ring in age, and contains the graves of many niendiers of old Rehoboth families. The oldest gravestone is oration, and the annual meetings are held in July of each year. The area is about fifty acres. The officers are: John W. Davis, treasurer, and Samuel A. Sholes, superintendent. The most ancient graveyard in Pawtucket was the old Jenks Burying Ground, which was THE OLD JKXKs nURVING GROUXD. situat.,1 lK.tueen Hi,l, and Xorll. AFain strc-.ts, jus, south of K.a.l sum. Acconliu^ to the touu records it was lour rods w.de and d,ht rods h,„K. I" .S., ■• the . hole „u„,l,er o, old Sraves dul uot exceed sixty, ami they lay iu rows trou, north to south with the headstones faciu. west. The stoues were dark gray slate, uuiforn> i„ their ,nake, with an auuel's head e"grave- in the old Phinney house an• law, the wliole matter was tangled up; but tlie commis- EDWARD SMITH, ALDERMAN SECOND WARD 1 886-92-1 894 ; PRESIDENT OF BOARD 1 890. si- which they could be aboli.shed at the joint expense of the municipality and the railroad. Without doubt >ome t-cnisunnnation along ihe^e lines will be achie\ed in the neai' luture. An unsightly i-le\ated trestle, forming a long looj), bridges the railroad abo\-e the passenger station, and >ol\-es the problem of the abolition of the grade crossings for the electric cars. The Pawtucket fire district seems to have engaged in lighting the streets on the west side, although not speciall\- empowered by its charter to do so. For tile year ending March 31, 1S72, it spent $i,4.ss.y I for this jnirpose.* The east side village made a beginning of street lighting in i.Sfi2. The selectmen on April 6 of that year voted to pro\-ide " four lamps " for that purpose. From about 1S55, after the gas company began business, street lam]is came into regular use. In 1.S7S there were in use 29S gas lamps and 153 oil lamps, and the cost of maintainence was $11,357.30.1' Flectric lights were first intro- duced in 1884, and were each year increased in nundier until 1S95, w'hen 54 full arc lights and 213 half arc lights were in use. The full arc lights co.st $150 each ])er annum, burned all night except on moonlight nights, while the half arc lights cost $85 each jjcr annum and burned until one o'clock except on moonlight nights. In 18(^5 there were also in use 123 gas lamps and 213 oil lamps, and the total expendi- tures for the Near were >3 1,933. 84. Considerable dissatisfaction was felt at the high cost of the electric lights. This was clearh' xoiced by Ma\'or llenr\' I',. Tie])ke, in his third inaugurrd address, delivered Jan. 6, 1896, in which he advocated the establishing of a municipal electric lighting ])lant to go into operation when the three \ears' ccmtract with the Pawtucket (ras Co. expired on ()ct. 31, iS9(). The cit_\- cmnicil on .Ma\- 14. 1896, •Treasurer's report of Fire Districl, ISrJ, p. I). tTown Repoils, 1S7S-!), p. ;i aiipeiitlix. Till', POLICI'; DI'l'A RTM I'lXT. 215 passed an ordinance, which was at once signed b\- the nia\()i", and thus Ijccanic innnediatel_\- the law of the cil\-. ai)i>n)i)riating- Sioo.ooo for the consirnctiini of an electric lii^htins; phint, to furnish li,i;lits for streets and pulilic Imildings. Tliis action was hastened by an attempt to pass a hill in the Rhode Island General Assembly which would ha\e had the effect of compelling cities and towns to bn\ out existing light com- panies, practically at their own \-ahiation, before starting municipal works. The bill also had other objectionable features which tended to perpetuate the monopoly of private companies and made it difficult to dislodge them except by years of effort. In the early da>s of the history of both \illages the only police were the town sergeants and constables, some of whom were veritable specimens of the genus Dogberry, which role was i)ossible on account of the simple manners anil e(iuality of conditions prevailing, .\nsel Carpenter was town sergeant from 1S53 until his death October 22, 1891, and until 1S71 was the virtual chief of police, with two or three con- JOHN T. COTTRELL, . COTTRELL ESTATE. stables to assist him. The tow4i of North Providence established a police department in 1S71, consisting of a chief of police, three sergeants and se\-enteen police con- .stables. At the time of the union in 1S74 a new ordinance was passed, and amendments were made at various times to suit the new con- ditions as they developed. The force at tlie end of 1S95 consisted of a chief, a captain, a sergeant, a detective, a roundsman, and forty patrolmen. The Court Hou.se on North Main street was erected in kS6c_) as a fire .station, but on A])ril, 1S75, having been rdlered to adapt it to the new ]iurpose, it became the i)olice head- quarlers, which it has since continued. An addition on the rear was built in 1S90. The first police headquarters were in Temperance hall. High street. Oliver H. Perry was chief of ])oIice from the organization of the city government in 1SS5 until his death Aug. 2, 1896. Aug. 5, i.Sl)6, Capl. Randall H. Rice, was appointed chief. -4TEN0ENT OF L ILLUvSTRATlvD HI.STORV OK I'AWT r C K liT. The citv owns a farm (if aliont fifteen acres on Hrook slreet, and mi it arc liuililin-s for tile acconnnodatioiis i)f tlie dependent \nn located on Main and Ihoail streets from the bridge at the falls to the railroad dei>ot, a distance of less than half a mile. On this short thoroughfare, or closely adjacent to it. are assembled the chief retail stores, the banks, the offices of busi- ness and professional men, the places of amuse- ment, and the trading, financial and public life of the commuiiit\- here centres. Pawtucket needs a new city hall. The present building known by that name was erected by the town of North Providence in 187 1, but is now entirely inadequate to the wants of the niunici]>ality. It accommodates the cit\- clerk and his assistants, has quarters lor the tax assessors, ])ro\i(les a receptacle for the records, and has chambers for meetings of the council and board of aldermen, but the majority of the city officials lia\'e offices in other linildiiigs, I'ro- jjosals for a new edifice have lieeii brought for- ward at various times, but so far no jilan has been ado])ted. On the doulde lot next north, adjoining the ]5reseiit cit\- building, a Masonic temple is to be erecteil for the accommodation of the loc;il Masonic bodies, and it has been decided to occu])\' a portion of this structure for city offices. This arrangement will obviate the necessity for years to come of seeking additional quarters for the transaction of iminicij)al busi- ness. According to the jilan the city hall will be connected with the Masonic temjile by a covered passage way. I'etter methods as well as better accommoda- tions are needed in the conduct of the municipal business. The clerical work is well ])erformed and the officials are courteous and obliging, but the printed reports of the city are issued without indexes, jirepared carelessh', and there is no complete official file of them in the cit\ building or ill aii\ of the cits' offices. The finest dwellings and mansion houses in the cit\ are located chiefly on the east side. In fact the neighborhood intersected by Summit street and at the beginning of Walcott and Cot- tage streets and Hroadway has sometimes been called "Quality Hill." Here are man>- of the homes of the wealthy manufacturers. The three .streets last named, as well as the intersecting avenues connecting them, are lined with neat frame hou.ses, many of them large and costly edifices. They are embowered in trees, sur- rounded with lawns, and constitute a collection of homes which for the general effect of comfort, beauty of natural environments, taste and neat- ness, is unsurpassed in any New England city. On the west side there many beautiful dwellings on Church hill and the neighborhoo- section is reached, and lines run out to Providence, North and East Attleboro, Central F'alls, Valley I'alls, Lonsdale and Saylesville. ___^ GEOF.GE J, HOWE, M, D. CHARLES A, GLANCY M. D. JOHN P. CORRIGAN, M. D. The debt of the city Dec. I. 1X95. was Sj!, 773, 884. 87. of which $1,780,214.36 was on general account, $1,241, 139.49 for water works and $75, 253 1. 02 for sewers. The as.se.ssed val- uation of the real estate in Au- gust, i8y6, was $27,135,564; personal, $5,476,930; total, $32,612,484. The amount of real estate tax was $407,033.- 31 : personal property tax, ^82,153.95; total. $pS9, 187.26. The rate of taxation is $15.00 per $1000. The city abouiKls with .societies, organizations, clubs and associations. The olde.st organized body is the Union lo.lge of Free Ma.sons, established April ,5, ,808. All the principal secret and beneficial societies have local lo.lges or branches which meet in small halls in the central .section of thecitv mkI some of them have bnil.lings of their own. The Pawtncket Bn.smess .Men's As.sociatiou, organized in November, 1881, has exerted a n.arked influence in public affairs. It is imposed -I the leading citizens ami is the principal business organization '1 he presi.leiit is Lvman 1!. Ooff and the seeretarv James I.. Jeiiks. The association has rooms in Music Hall buihling which are open constantly for the coiivenieiice ol members. .U ILI.USTRATl'I) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKl'T. its miiiitlil\ ineclinns, ])a]>eis or addresses on ])ul)lic questions or matters ol lot-al interest are lie(|nentl\- ])resented. 'I'lie To Kalon Clnh is a Inst elass social orL;ani/ation, establislied in iS(>;, which now occnjiies the Lamed Pitcher mansion, sonlhwest corner of Pitclier and Main streets. Alter the war ol iSij there seems to have heen lor some \ears no ^reat interest in military affairs in Pawtucket. Maj- 2, 1824, forty citi- zens of North Providence organized a military comiian\-, and at the Ma\- sessiini of the Oeneral Assenilily the same year secured a charter as the " Fayette Rifle Corps, in the Second Regi- ment of Militia." The company was authorized to ein-oll one luiiulred men exclusive of officers, and the first officers were : Samuel Jacobs, captain; Samuel Greene, first lieutenant; John T. Lowden, second lieutenant ; and Abner S. Tompkins, ensign. The last annual meeting according to the old company records was held April 30, 1S32, but drill meetings were undoubt- edly held after that date. An arnior>- was erected and was ready for occupancy July 4, 1825, and in the old records of the conqKUn' it is called the .Vlarm Post. This building stood THE OLD ARMORY, R FXCHANGE AND HIGH STREETS on Church hill, on the east side of what is now Wilkinson park. When Oeneral Lafa>ette c)n his \isit to America in 1S24 passed through Pawtucket the corps, which had been named in his honer, ex])ected to escort him, but unfortun- ateh' their uniforms were not reads'. 'I'he original niendiers ol the rifle corjis was: Jidm T. Lowtlen, vSamuel Greene, Mar\in W. Fisher, Abner S. Tompkins, George Lawton, Martin Kingsley, Jeremiah Jenks, Peleg vS. Tompkins, .\l\in Jenks, Cornelius S. Tompkins, Arnold .Sheldon, Reynolds Hoxey, Jeremiah O. Arnold, George F. Jenks, George Bucklin, Joseph Baker, Albert C. Jenks, F;iias Benedict, Nathaniel Wilbour, Thomas J. Hill. Job P)ennett, Amos B. Morrell, Josei)h .Vrnold, John Kennedy, Horace Miller, James N. Jenks, Stephen Brown, George G. Brown, Sabin Allen, Jabel Patl, Daniel Arniinglon, Andrew Smith. Thomas I^eI"a\'our, Stephen Benedict, Nathan .\. Brown, George Harris, Shepard C. Kingsley, Albert Carpenter, Samuel Jacobs. Ahin S. Wilkin^. After the disbandmenl of the rille cor])s no military compan\- was organ- ized until the Pawtucket I^ight (iuard was foruK-d in .\ugusl, 1857. The first olficers were : ."Stephen R. lUlcklin, col- onel : William R. Walker, lieutenant colonel: Jnhn P. .\rlin, major; King- A RECENT VIEW OF PAWTUC PAW T U C K !•: T WAT I- R W o R k S . BBOTT RUN. ILLUSTRATED IIISToRV o I'" I'AW T U C K !■; T, iiKui lirrtt, cajitaiii ; Ceorst- S. I'ales, liculciuuit ; I'aicinii Nhisoii, urik-vlv scr- ,L;(.-anl. An arni(ir\- was c-n.-ctcd in 1859, on the- (.■(iiiiev iit Ivxcliaii^x- and High streets, was nsecl during the rehehinn lor enlistments and war nieetin.>;s anil conlin- ued to he a drill liall lor the C.uard nntil the organization was dishanded Oi't. 11, 1875. This hnilding was alwa>s known as the Arniorx', is still standing, but has lieeu converted to Imsiness nses. Among the well-known citizens who have com- manded the Light (lUard were Olney Arnold, William R. Walker, Horace Daniels and Robert .McCloy. In .Vpril, iS(ii, more than eight\- out of one hundred niendiers of the I'awtucket Light ( lUard went to the front as company K of the I'irsl Regiment Rhode Lsland Detached Militia. Company H, of the Ninth Rhode Island \'olunteers, which went to the front in 1.S62, was also com- ])osed of mend)ers ol the Light (".uard, andllenrx !•". Jenks was ca])tain. During the war of the rebellion thirteen com- panies were raised in the two villages of I'awtucket. and man\ citizens enlisted in regiments from Massachusetts and Rhode Island. A curious complii-ation arose when I'awlncket, Mass., was annexed to Rhode Island, March 1, 1862, as the soldiers from the east side who had enlisted as citizens of Massachusetts in Massa- chusetts companies found themselves citizens of Rliode Island in Massachusetts comjianies, and therel)_\- lost the state aitl for their families. Late in Ma\-, iSf>i, the Home Light Cnard was organized, and Jacob Dunnell was elected caiitain. May 23, 1864, a light battery was (M'gan- ized and was named in honor of Captain Le\i Tower, who was killed at the battle of I'.ull ither G£ORGE WEATHERHEAD, Run while in t-onnnand of a body of I'awtucket men, Com])an\- h", in the .Second Rhode Islauil X'olunleers. As there was not sniTicient room in the Armory on High street, the battery pur- chased in 1SO5 the I'niversalist church on ICxchange street and converted it into an head- (piarters. I'"or many years this armory was known as Battery hall and then as Infantry hall. Ajiril 24, i8'iy, when the I'awtucket turnpike was made a free road, a celebration was lield at the old toll house and the Tower Ught liatterv fired a saluti' of twenty fue guns. The battery was reorganized 1)\' act of the legislature at the Ma\' session, iSj'^, and in i8j5 it became Company I! of the I'irst I 4Ai 1 1 I' I VIEWS OF THREAD FACTORIES OF J. & P. COATS, LIMITED. ACTURING CO., WEEDEN STREET. 2, FROM HOUSE, CORNER OF CARPENTER 4- "^nl 3 FROM TOP OF 1 1, LU. ST RATI'. I) HISTORY OK PAWTUCKKT. l!atlali- to September 1875, Edward Tha\er from Sejitendier 1S75 to A]iril 1S76, hUigeue Crocker from y.S7() until it was changed to an infantry comi)any. Charles Rittman was apjiointed its first captain as an infantr\- company, Jidy 22, 1.S71J. The present oiTicers are : Cajjtain, William McGregor ; first lieutenant. IIeur\- A. Mor- ris : second lieutenant, Fred. W. Tibl)etts. Infantry hall is now state property and is occu- ])ied at a nominal rent In' Tower Post, No. 17, G. A.R., whii'h was organized April 11, , V- I ROBERT I. -1/4. The North Providence and Pawtucket Cavalry Com]Kui\- was organized for home defence vSept. 23, 1S63, but the name was changed to the Pawtucket Horse Ciuards in 1 868. The membership was composed of men from both sides of the river, and the first officers \vere, Charles N. Manchester, ca[)tain ; William Cou])e, first lieutenant ; hjuor Whipple, second lieutenant. Se])t. 23, 188S, the organization celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. The company still continues in existence and the pre.sent officers are : Captain, Edward F. Jones ; first lieutenant, Charles Allenson ; second lieu- tenant, Nathaniel Dexter. Tlu- Smithfield I'nion Guard of Central Falls was organized as a companv Ma\' 2, 1863, with tile following officers : I.Nsander I'lagg, captain; Statfiud W. Razee, first lieutenant; James X. Woodard, second lieutenant: Fdward L. I'"reemau, clerk. In iSfid the ciimpan\ was made into a skeleton regiment. The first officers were, I,\sander h'lagg, colonel ; James N. Woodard, lieutenant colonel ; George F\ Crowninshield, major; Edward L. iMceman, captain; Dana L. Fales, first lieutenant: Dr. A. A. Mann, surgeon; Rew G. II. .Miner, chaplain, with a full list of non-commissioned officers. The company was for several years one of the crack organizations of the state, but on the pass- age of a new militia law in 1875 the company voted to disliand. The officers at that time were Ivdward L. Freeman, colonel; James M. Davis, lieutenant col- onel ; Charles P. Moies, major ; Robert A. Robertson, cajitain ; William II. Ouinn, first lien- tenant : C. h'red Crawford, ad- jutant. Pawtucket now has two comjianies in the Rhode Island militia. Tower Light Infantrw Compan\- II, h'irst Infantry Regiment, and Pawtucket Horse (Uiards, Comi)an\- A, I'irst Battalion Cavalry ; and Central Falls has one. Company G, vSecond Regi- ment ln(autr\-. The officers of Com|ian\- C, are : John C. Lythgoe, captain: John M. Phillips, first lieutenant : James IC. Gorman, .second lieutenant. The I'irst P.attalion of Ca\alry is also in Pawtucket, and is under i_onun:in(l of Major Alexander Strau.ss. These organizations all have their head(iuarters at the new vState ArmiH'N-, one ol tlie most imposing structures in K. MA'KILLOP, VILLMARTH & MACKILLOP. ALFRED H. LITTLEFIELD, GOVERNOR OF RHODE ISLAND 1880-3 THI.; \-KTKKAN FIRKMI-N the city, M-l,icl> is situatcl on the corner of Kxchanoe and I'ountan, streets on the east side, overlooking, the Hlackstone nver. \\ ,th its two casteUate.l towers and its hattle.nents it looks hke a n,e,li;eval castle. It was dedicated Jnne ,., ,,s<,s l>y a hall at which n.any of the military and civic notables of the town and state were present. \\-ith the organization of the permanent the .lepartn.ent in 1870 under chief Samuel S. Collyer, the volunteer firemen were supenseded. The old hand engines had been supplanted bv the steam fire engines a few years before. William Jeffers built a .steam fire engine for Pawtucket in 1S63, which was first tried Sept. 4 of that year. This engine, known as the Monitor, is stdl in connnission and is located at Xo. 3 Engine station, Pros- pect street. In the course of time the men who had "run with the machine" in their >-outh began to feel that it would be a good thing to ha\-e an organization to perpetuate old memories, and revive the spirit, in a mea.sure, of the ancient comradeship. This impulse seems to have been felt .sinuiltaueously in manv of the New England cities, and vet- eran firemen associations were 223 CHARLES A. BOWEN, OF BOWEN BROS. LEROY E. BOWEN, OF BOWEN BROS. organized in many j)laces. The old hand engines were Ininted uji, put in condition, and trials of their powers as water throwers were made. The as.sociations in various place soon began to be emulous of the merits of their respective machines, and eventually con- tests were arranged, at first between the machines in local- ities adjacent to each other; but the interest in the matter .spread until now the trials of the nid iKuul engines have developed ahnost into a regular sport, a New England States \-eieran Firemen's Lea-ue has been formed, and the annual nu.ster is an event of importance. The first league n.u.ster was held Sept. 14, ,,Sg,, at Lowell, Mass The Pawtucket \-eteran Firen.en's Association was or<.an- i/.ed July 27, i.SSS. The nuichine in use in the contests is known as the "Hay Cart," was built by Bates of Philadelphia in 1S44 reconstructed b^• Willian, Jeffers in 1.S48. and was for manv vears the mo.st valued engine on the ea.st si. The l)it;,m-st jihiv the association c\cr made with llie oUl machine was 226 feet 4'_' inches, llirough _V3'^ f'-'ft of hose, in l'ro\-idence, Jnl\- 4, i.s<)i. The associ- ation pnrchased the ohl town hall and the old Free Haptist meeting' house from the cit\' of Pawtucket, Dec. ."^o, iSiji, hnt sold the meeting house to the I'nioii Iiaptist church, Ma\', 1^93. The town hall, which was built late in 1S45 at a cost of $5,000, was used for nian\' \ears as a fire station. Its walls are now covered with many mementos of the volunteer fire ser\ice, and in its rooms the \eterans gather nighth as at a clul). The membership at present is about 275. The ])resent officers of the association are : President, John H. Davis ; vice-president. Charles F. Luther; recording .secretary, James K. McXiilt>- ; treasurer, George C. Cates : financial secretary, Jonathan S. Caprou : auditor, I{varts C. Tyler; directors, Haxter H. Studlev, Joshua Lothrop ; foreman, Michael McGowan ; first assistant foreman, Hlhanan Mowry ; second assistant foreman, Martin Noonan ; hose director, James Mills ; first ])ipeman, John Ryan ; second i)i])eman, William J. Daggett; delegate to New luigland .States League for two years, John II. Da\is. The Central P'alls \'eteraii Firemen's Asso- ciation was organized Oct. 6, iSgo, and char- tered March 24, iSyi, and )io\\ has ifm mem- bers. The machine isknownasthe " X'olunteer," and was built for South Daiuers. now Peaboih-, Mass., in 1.S54, by I,. lUitton ^c Co., and rebuilt in i860 by lUitlon ^i lilake. It was jnircliased in May, 1891, from Derry, X. H., where it had been in service six years, ha\ ing been bought from Peaboch' when that town ])ut in water works. While in ser\ice at l'eabod\ it won seven prizes at different musters. With this machine the associ.ation has won twelve ])rizes at fifteen musters, three first ])ri/.es, one second, four third, one fourth, twn fillh and the ]irize for the best a])]>earing compan\ at the muste-r of the New IvnglaiKl .States League at New ]5ed- ford, .Mass., Aug. 19, iSy6. At the six league musters the " \'oluiiteer" has taken thelead, and has a\erage(l a ])la\' of 1S7 feet 8 inches. 'I'Ik- Pawtucket " Ha>- Cart" comes next, with an a\'erage of 185 feet 7 inches. The best record of the " \'olunteer " was 209 feet i inch, made at Lowell, Mass., .Sejit. 14, 1891. The officers of the association are : President, C. Fred Craw- ford : vice-presidents, Charles T. Gooding, lul- ward A. I)w>er, John P>ootli, George Gosling, Charles D. Wood, hMwiu Clarkson ; recording secretary, 1^. Frank Howeii : financial secretary, Nathaniel T. Hrown : treasurer, A. Kverett Dunham ; Ijoard of directors, Charles A. Re>'- nolds, Jethro Baker, Daniel Gra>', Charles P. Baker, Francis J. Frost ; delegate to the New liiigland .States League, John W. Barber ; alter- nate, Andrew J. Patt ; foreman, Jfihn W. Bar- ber: first assistant foreman, Fred .S. Binford ; second assistant foreman, Albert F. Babl)itt. In the community there are many .social, literary, patriotic, church, and other clubs: two Grand Army posts — Tower Post in Pawtucket and Ballon Post in Central Falls: a number of labor unions in which the skilled meclianics of the place fraternize : and the athleticallx in- clined have the Pawtucket lioat club and \-arions c\cle clubs. The chief charitable insti- tution is the Home for the Aged Poor, at 964 Main .street, which is a large and imi)osiiig three- story brick structure, erected through the liberal- ilN" of Joseph Baniganof Proxidence. The build- ing was dedicated May 29, 1884. The home is in charge of the Roman Catholic order of Little .Sisters of the Poor, who began their work in Rhode Island in March, 1881. The Pawtucket THK PAWTUCK I'T I'O STO I- H I C H . Day Nurscrx- is a wortliv cliarit\-, willi two homes lor children, one on Capital street on the west side and the other on School street on the east side. In fact the organizing and social spirit of the age has found full scope in Paw- tucket, and the opportunities to "belong" to some societN' are unexcelled. A ])0st office was established at " Paw- tucket Falls," Rhode Island, Jan. 22, 1807. Otis Tiffany was the first po.stmaster, and he gave a bond of S.soo. Jul\- 5, 1.S19, he renewed his bond for Siooo, and libenezer Tiffany and vSanuiel Slater were his sureties. At that date the word "Falls" was dropped from the name of the ofRce, which was thereafter known as "Pawtucket." Mr. Tiffan\- renewed his bond again tor Siooo, Jan. 28, 1826, and Timothy Greene with libenezer Tiff- an\- were his bondsmen. There is a tradition that Dr. Humphrey, whose house stood on Main street, about where No. 250 is at preisent, was postmaster in the fir.st years of the centurw According to the national post office records* Otis Tiffany was postmaster 24 years, 10 months and 7 days, and was succeeded bv Rev. Dr. David Benedict, Nov. 29, 1831, whose bond was S3000, and his sureties were I'riah Benedict and vSte]ihen Benedict. He renewed his bond for the same sum, with the same sureties, June 15, 1837. This was occasioned by the fire in December, 1836, which destro\ ed the books of the Post Office Department at ♦Gazftle and Chronicle, Oct. 15, 1875. HERBERT O. TRUE, M. W'ashinglon and made it necessary for all the postmasters in the Fnited .States to renew their obligations. Frederick A. .Sunnier succeeded Dr. Bene- ; dated Aug. 6. The free delivery s)\steui, which went into effect Oct. 2, 18S2, was introduced mainl\ through his efforts. The population in iS.So was only 19. "3". and 20,000 was the legal limit : but Mr. Perrin -went onto Washington and by demonstrating to the authorities by means of affidavits from leading manufacturers that sev- eral large mills soon to be erected would assuredly add about ,i,"oo to the jjopulatioii, he succeeded in securing the system for Paw- tucket. Mr. Perrin .served as jjostmaster tor twenty-two years, the longest term of any other inciimbent o( the office, excejjt Otis Tiffany, lie entered the office as a I'lerk under Josc-ph T. Sisson, continued as such lor nine \ears, when, without solicitation, and to his own sur- ])rise, he was a])])oiiited to the jiosition. Tliis was a good e.xamjile of ci\-il ,ser\-ice reform in promoting a subordinate l)Ut experienced otTicial to a leading place ; but its results proved its wisdom, as the office was administered on a business basis and Mr. Perrin was reap])ointed lour times. Ma>- (\ i^iy.i, soon after Mr. Goodwin assumed control, the office was classi- fied under the cixil service rules, and July I, iSg6, it became a first-class office, having attained to the recpiired limit of a business of $40,000 per annum. A fine post office building is a certaiiit>- in the future. The plans ha\e been prepared and $75,000 appropriatetl b>- the United States gov- ernment for the erection of the building, which is to lie located on the corner of High and .Summer streets, opposite the First Bai)tist church. Probabh' before the end of the cen- tury the building will be finished and in use. From iJ^74 to iSy,^ the church building erected 1)\- the High vSlreet Hajitist societ>- on High, near ICxchange street, was the town and city high school. The High Street Baptist society dales back to the early '."v's, when it jnirchased the edifice which had been erected by the F'ir.st ITniversalist sociel\' in 1S27. Dur- ing a ])ortion of its historv, it became known as the Second Bajitist church, but 011 account ]irobabl\' of its ])roximit\- to the old church, ol which it was originally an offshoot, it seems to ha\e been a feeble parish, changing its ministers fre(pientl\- and fiiidiiig it difficult to meet ex- jieiises. The church building was destroyed b\' fire Jan. 25, 1S6.S. .A new edifice was soon erected, but on account of the financial em- barassment of the societ\-, it was sold to the DANIEL G. LITTLEFIELD LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR OF RHODE ISLAND, PKOPOSED SLATER MOXI'MEXT. 227 tounin ,S;4. The church afterwards worsliipped in Maso„icl,aIi, X.n-th Main street, and n, Railroad hall, lin.ad .street, and was hnally rcor.ani/ed under the name nl the Calvarv Baptist society. The old church edifice had become so dilapidated that in i,S93 it vvas i,ron<..uuced unsafe lor longer use for school purposes. The high school was then for a time kept in the rooms of the Voung Men's Christian Association, and at the opening of the spring term, ,894. was transferred to the Garden street grammar .school. During iSys aiul ,,S./, the old High street grammar .school and the Greene huihli,,,. adjoining furni.shed rather inconvenient quarters. Mean^ while the erection of a new high .school was begun earlv in 189.S, oil corner Hn.adwav. lilackstone avenue and h-ounUun .street, and was cnnpleted and read\- for occupanc\- at ' the beginning of the .school year in iSgS. The building is an impo.sing looking edi- fice, three .stories in height, and is constructed of light- colored brick, with sandstone trimmiugs. A soldiers and sailors monument, erected by the town of Lincoln in the .M.is- hassuck cemetery, C e n t r a I Falls, was dedicated by Ballon HENRY E. WATJEN, ESTATE AND INSURANCE AGENT. JAMES ANOERTON, SUPEBINTENOENT HOME BUILDir Lost, (',. A. R., May ;,o. 1888, and orations were delivered b\- Ansel D. Nickerson and Ed- ward L. Freeman. The monu- ment consi.sts of the figure of a soldier .seven feet high stand- ing on a columnar jjcdestal tweh-e feet high. The monu- ment is made of white \A'e.st- erly granite and cost S4.000. Henry F. Jenks, who sug- gested at a meeting of the Pawtucket fJusiness Men's Association, Eeb. i, 1S86, the idea of obser\-ing the centenary of the introduction of cotton sjunning which culminated in the celebration of 1890, also advocated on the same occasion the erection of a monument to .Samuel Slater as the central feature of the centenary. V,x-vUms to the celebration, which was carried on sub.stantiallv on the lines proposed by Mr. Jenks, he exhibited, as a suggestion, a colored drawing he had designed of a monument' nine feet square at the ba.se and nineteen feet in height, with a bronze figure .seven feet in height of Samuel Slater on the top. On the different faces of the base were representations of machinery in relief, a cotton plant ami suitable inscriptions. The matter receive.l favorable attentinu both from the citv council and WALTER M. ROBBiNS, NCIAL MANAGER HOME 8UILDIN II.Ll' STRATI' I) II I STORY () l' P AW Tl' C K I';T. (roin the HusiiK'Ss Men's Association late in 1S90, hut interest gradually alrated and tile project fell throui^h for the time lieini;. The coniiuittee of the Business Men's Association on the Slater Memorial is, however, still in exist- ence, has some funds in its possession, anil there is a probahilitv' that the project nKi\- he re\i\'ed in the future. Pawtucket is assured of a soldiers' monu- ment which will undouhtedlv" he an ornament to the cit\'. The project for its erection grew out of action taken at a nieeting of Tower Po.st. June 14, 1SS6, when a vote was ])assed recommending that a soldiers' memorial huiUling^ he erected in Paw- tucket. At first the idea was favorahly received and con- siderahle .sums of money were pledged conditionallxhy lead- ing citizens. The leading ladies of the cit\- decided to assist the drand Arnn- men in arising funds. The\ held a preliminary meeting. Oct. 21, 18S6, and on Oct. 25, at the Bu.siness Men's rooms the Ladies' Memorial Association was organized with Mrs. James L.Wheaton. presi- dent; Mrs. P'rederick C. vSayles, vice-president; Mrs. Minerva ^\.. Sanders, secretary; and Mrs. Darius L. Goff, treasurer. Money was raised by the association from receptions at houses, concerts and entertainments of various sorts. The ' ■ Hazar of All Nations," an elaborate inilus trial and art exposition, held in Music hall from P'eb. I to II, 18S7, netted over $6,000, and the "Winter Garden," also located in Music hall from Jan. 30 to P'el). 5, uSS.S, realized nearly $2,000. By these various means u]i to I'ehru- ary, 1896, considerably over $12,000 had been CHARLEb E. PEftVEAR ENT AMERICAN HAIR ClOTH C accumulated, which b\ the end of the year it was calculaleil would amount to #i,s.ooo. .Meanwhile the idea of a memorial building luul long been abandoned, and the Ladies' Memorial Association decided to e.x])end the monev instead for the erection of a monument. Accordingl\', after a competition, the association in March, 1896, commissioned W . Gran\ille Hastings, a sculptor of Pro\idence, R. I..t<. execute a memorial at a cost of Si.vooo. Mr. Hastings is a pujiil of Jules Dalou of Paris, and of the Roval Academ>-, London, and is a mem- ber of the N. vS. vS. of America. The ilesign is an allegori- cal representation of " Liberty Arming the Patriot." and consists of two bronze figures on a granite pedestal. Liberty is represented as a tall, maje.stic woman, robed inhea\-y drajier- ies, which falling in broad simjile folds give great dignit\- and be;uit>- to the figure. The Patriot is represented as a tiller of the soil; his left hand rest.s upon the plough, whit'h he is leaving, while with the right he grasps the sword extended Libert)-. The grotij) is eleven feet in height, and Liberty towers above the Patriot. The figures are to he placed on a pedestal about ele\-eu feet in height, upon the front disc of which is a has relief in bronze of a 1)attle scene. The sides of the ])edestal curve outward and are surmounted by bronze lamps, and in the spandril thus formed are two ])auels in bronze, the one on the right being a figure t>pical of Iv])ic poetrw while that on the left represents Lternily. The contract calls for the finishing of the nu)nunieut b> March, 1S9.S, but Mr. Hastings hojies to have it ready to him ALBERT FROST, OLIVIER MICLETTE, GROCER. STUART BASTOW, ^ ^^w*^ J^ ^f^ BERNARD LENNON, COUNCILMAN SECOND WARD, 188 EDWARD M. LANE M. L. 2^0 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. for uiivcilini; on DfCoratimi Da\', i''^97. Prol)al)l\' the luomiiiRiit will ]k- ])lace(l in Wilkinson park. The- cil\ conncil, A]iiil -'9, iXg6, a)i])ni|)iiati--(l Si.iind inr llic hniklint;' of a lonndalion. I'awtucket was not proviilt-d with an>- ix't;nlar theatrical entertainment nntil the erection of the (^pera Honse, rear of liroatl street, near Main street, December, iSyj. I'rex'ious to that time theatrical and operatic exhibitions were held in Mnsic Hall. Before the erection of Mnsic Hall in iSSo someone of the small halls then in use was occasionall\ the scene of a performance. The prox- imity of Providence and the facility of gettins;- there and back by train or street cars ])revented the earlier de\-elopment of a theatre here. This condition of things still prevails and operates to nul- lify a demand for any but the common- est and least e.xpensi\-e forms of popular theatrical entertaiinnent. The cit>' of I'awtucket has now- emerged into the full measure of inde- pendent municipal life. She is pro- \-ided with all the essentials for corporate housekeeping, — a fine water su])])ly, a good sewer system, and an efficient fire de- partment ; her streets are well laid out, and her local transportation facilities are adequate to the necessities of the people ; the intellectual, social and moral wants of the citizens are provided for in the churches, schools and societies that abound ; in material affairs ])rosperit\' reigns as JOHN E. THOMPSON, far as general conditions \\in ])ermit, and tlie di\'ersit>' of industry is a safeguard against wide- spread disaster. I'nderall these conditions, it is evidently the destiny of Pawtucket to go on devel- oping, slowI\- but surely, as she has in the past, continuing in the footsteps of the pioneers, me- chanics, and men of toil-hardened hands, whose labor has made the communit\' of lo-da\ what it is. BIOGRAPHIES OF PROMINENT CITIZENS. When the (iazct/c and Cliroiiic/c' s Ilhistrated Histor\- of Pawtucket, Central Falls and \'iciiiity. was projected the intention of the puljlishers was to embody elaborate biograpliical details of the old and proniinent families in the communitw As the work progressed, however, it was found, because of the great industrial changes which had occurred in the evolution of Pawtucket, and the changing character of the population thereby brought about, that strict adherence to the original plan was not advisable. Still, in a measure, that method has been adhered to, — at lea.st to the extent of publishing full genealogical details of many families and individuals prominent in the old towns of Rehoboth and North Providence. In adilition, man>- biographies liave been introduced of men whose families have had no lengthy historical connection with the neighborhood, although they themselves have aided materially in the recent industrial expansion of the Greater Pawtucket. Biography has justly been said to contain the essence of hi.story. In the following pages the narrati\-es of the achie\-ements of the men who in the ])ast and in the present ha\-e made Pawtucket what it is, contain a history of the cit\' aljouniling in tletail. The sketches thereby form a fitting .seijuel to the consecuti\-e historical account which forms the first part of this volume. ADAMS, John A., tlie .son of Ezra and Susan (Aylsworth), was born in North Kings- town, R. I., June 20, 1.S15, and died at Central Falls, R. I., Ma}- 24, 1892. When seven years of age his father, who was a .seafaring man, died on the Island of Trinidad, without leaving any means for the support of his family. Under these circumstances, John was forced to seek employment at an early age, and from his twelfth to his .seventeenth year worked on a farm, de\i)ting his spare time to education, and a\'ailing himself of all the instruction he could secure in the neighborhooil. In 1S32 he removed to Franklin, Mass., and was employed in a fac- tory store as clerk for one year. When eighteen 3"ears of age he obtained work as an operati\e in a factory and was .steadily promotetl until he became overseer. In 1837 he removed to Central Falls, where his sagacity and skill attracted the attention of a capitalist with whom he formed a co-partnership in 1S42 for the manufacture of 3-arns and thread under the firm of Willard & Adams. At the expiration of three years the partnershi]) was di.ssohed, antl Mr. Adams ILLUSTKATKD HISTORY OK P AWTUC K I' T. Ix-'caiiiL- :issociati.-il with Joseph Wood and others in the niannlactnre ol cotton snoods. In iS4,S. alter the death ol two of the partners, the hnsiness was continned in the name of Wood 6c Adams. In 1S6;; tliese gentlemen sold their mill and i)ri\ile.i;e to the Pawtucket Hair Cloth Company. They afterwards succeeded to the business ])reviously carried on by Rnfns J. .Stafford, and, in conjunction with other stock- holders, <)rL;ani/ed the Stafford Manufacturing Company. During Mr. Wood's life, Mr. Adams acted as agent for the corporation, and part of the time as president. On Mr. Wood's death in iHj,'^, Mr. Adams being tlie onl\- actix'e stock- holder assumed, with his other duties, tho.se of treasurer, and held these otTices until his death. Mr. Adams was interested in other estabiish- ments, and intimately associated in bu.sine.ss undertakings with prominent merchants and manufacturers of Providence, l-'or many years he was a trustee of the Franklin Savings Bank and a ilirector of the Slater National Bank, Pawtucket. He .served six years as a member of the town council of Lincoln, three >ears of which time he was its ])resident, and frecjuently represented the town in both branches of the General Assembly. For many years he wa.s a school trustee. FVoni 1S4S until his death he was a member of the Central Falls Congrega- tional church. He was married in 1.S36 to Sall\- M., daugliter of Nathan and Anna Crowell of Yarmouth, Mass. The>- had eight children, only two of whom, Jolin V., and Stephen L., are living. Their oldest son, Albert K., was in the Union Army during the late war, and died at home from disease con- tracted in the service. ADAMS, John F., the second child of John and vSally (Crowell) Adams, was born in Cen- tral Falls, R. I., Dec. [7, 1S3S. He attended the grammar school of his native place, and was graduated from the Pawtucket high school. Hi.s first occupation was that of clerk in the Slater National Bank of Pawtucket, and then he became a bookkeeper for the Allendale Companj' of Providence. Returning to Pawtucket in 1862, he entered into partnership with a Mr. Randall for the manufacture of cotton goods under the lirm name ol Adams &. Randall. In 1S64 he ])uichased the Fanesville Manufacturing Com])any's ]ilant and property at lyanesville, Mass., and dexoted much time to its develop- ment. The name of the village has since been changed to Adamsdale 1)\- a popular \-ote. in recognition of the many services rendered to it by Mr. Adams. He succeeded his father as president and agent of the Stafford Manufactur- ing Company, which positions he now holds. L,ike his father he is deeply interested in ])ublic affairs, and has served the people in various positions. He was auditor, and member of the town council of Pawtucket before and for two years after the con.solidation, was a memlier of the board of aldermen in 1.S92 and 1.^9,1, and served nine years on the school board. Mr. Adams is a 32d degree Ma.son, a member of Barney Merry Lodge, Pawtucket Rc)>al Arch Chapter, Pawtucket Council, Holy ,Se]nilchre Commandery, K. T., and pa.st grand master of the Grand Council of Rhode Island. He is a Republican, a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Associati(m, and of the Rhode Island Historical Society. He attends the Pawtucket Congregational Church. He is a skillful musician, plays both the organ and piano, has made compositions of merit, has been musical director for twent\-five years of the church choir, and has heUl like positions in Central Falls and Pro\idence. Dec. 28, 1862, he was married to Kate J., okle,st daughter of Rufus J. .Stafford of Central Falls, by which union he has four children : Rufus S., b. .Sejit. 20, 1866; Mary E., b. Feb. 4, 1870; Herbert M., b. Nov. 10, 1872 ; John H., b. Feb. 22, 1S76. ADAHSON, Edward, the third child of John and Catherine (Moss) Adamson was born in Lancashire, England, Dec. 21, 1S42. He received his education in the schools of his native town and when fourteen years of age was apprenticed to a reed harness maker at Preston, where he remained for eleven years. In 1S67, believing that the United States offered a better field for advancement, he came to Providence, R. I., antl became manager for the Providence Reed & Harness Comjianw He then went to Danielsonville, Conn., l)ut relurnetl to the Bloc, R APPIIHS. 233 Providence compaii}-, and managed the business until 1879, when he accepted the position of manager of the loom reed department of Myron Fish & Co., at Valley Falls. While connected with this firm he greatly improved both the design and method of manufacturing loom reeds. He devised an impro\-ed loom reed, for which he .secured a patent. In i.ss;, lie organized the Excelsior Loom Reed Company, for the manu- facture of loom reeds. The ^•enture jiroved .succe.ssful and the proportions of the business has steadily increased. The works are located at 64 Broad street. Mr. Adamson was married to Ellen Worden of Lancashire, England, Aug. 4, 1S63, and has six children: Kate, b. July 12, 1864 ; Joseph, b. Dec. 24, 1866 : Albert, 1). Danielson- ville, Cf)nn., April 14, 1S70; Mary, b. Danielsonville, Conn., Dec. 22, 1872: Celia, b. Providence, July 4, 1876: and Gertrude (decea.sed), b. Valley Falls, Dec. 23, 187S. The oldest son, Jo.seph, is the superintendent of the mechan- ical department in the loom reed works. ANDERTON, James, the olde-st child of Benjamin and Annie (Hyde) Anderton, was born in Pawtucket, Feb. i, 1868. His parents were na- tives of luigland, but came to this country when young children. He attended the Pawtucket public schools until he was fourteen years old, and was then api)renticed to learn the carpenters' trade. In 1890 he established hnn.self in business as a contractor and builder, and in 1893 with others organized the Home Building Company of Pawtucket, of which corporation he is now superin- tendent. In politics Mr. Anderton is a Republican. He is a member of Enterprise Lodge, I. O. O. F. : Samuel Slater Lodge, Sons of St. George, and Moshassuck Tribe of Red Men. Mr. Anderton was married to Annie Farrow of Pawtucket, Mav 2^, 1888 enjamin Al- b. May 22, and Albert and they have lour children, bert, 1). March 4, iSSy; Alice 1891 : Annie, b. A])ril 16, 1893 H., b. .March 16, i.sgs. ANDERTON, Joseph, son of John and Sarali (Wilkinson) Anderton, was l)orn in Pawtucket in 1846. For many generations the family lived at Sabden, Lancashire, England. The father of Jo.seph was a dyer in the textile mills owned by Richard Cobden. the great English free trade advocate, l)Ul he came to the United vStates in the '40s, and went to work in the Manchester printworks near the present village of Sayle.sville, which were then con- ducted l)y Theodore Scroeder. He .shortly after bought n farm in the nortlieastern ])art of Paw- tucket, adjoining the present Memorial park, and carried it on for the balance of his life. Joseph worked alternately on tlie farm and at the Dunnell printworks. In 1866 he learned the trade of a car- penter with Lewin, Kenyon e\: Drowl%. He then worked as a journexinan for French & McKenzie of Proxidence for six years, when he retired and lived quietl>- on the old homestead farm for several years. May 6, 1881, he was engaged by W. F. & }•'. C. Sayles as a carpenter, and has remained witli that finn ever since. He now has charge of the general con.struction of repairs and implements at the works. Many of the new additions have been constructed under his di- rection and he has seen the works grow from one small building to their present mammoth propor- tions. Mr. Anderton is a Republican. He was chosen to the city council from the third ward in 1891, was elected a member of the board of tax asse.s.sors in 1895 and still holds the position. He was married in 1871 to Mary Leferge of Dobb's Ferry, X. Y.. and they have three children : George C, now a Jiookkeeper in Providence: Ellery F., student: and Laura W. 234 I LLUvSTR ATl';i) IIISTOKV O I<" PAWT U C K ICT. JAMES H. ANDREW, ANDREW, James Harrison, was born in l'ni\i(lencc, I'V-li. 14, iar- ents to Mendon, Ma.ss., and lived there on a farm until he was fourteen. He then left home, and went to live with Johnson Parkman, a retired cotton merchant, on his small farm at Milford, Ma.ss. He was married to Mr. Park- man's daughter Mary K., in 1S63, and continued to live in Milford until 1880, when he returned to Lonsdale and became a clerk in the gen- eral store of Baylies Bourne, the husband of his father's .sister Mahala. Mr. Bourne .sold out the grocery part of the business, but continued to conduct the dry goods and other departments. For a number of >ears, on account of the age and infirmities of Mr. Bourne, the business was managed by Mr. Angell, and on the death of Mr. Bourne lie pnrcha.sed the store from the heirs and has since carried it on. He has developed the business, carries a large and well cho.sen .stock of dry and fancy goods, boots, shoes, rubbers, furniture, etc., and employs five salespeople. Mr. Angell in politics is a Repub- lican. He is a member of Chri.st Epi.scopal Church, Lonsdale, and belongs to the Free Masons. He is a descendant in the .seventh generation from Thomas Angell, one of Roger Williams' five companions, who came in a canoe from Seekonk to settle Providence in 1636. Thomas Angell is suppo.sed to have been under age when he came to America and to have been at finst under the guardianship of Roger Williams and a member of his hou.sehold. He, however, in common with the other first .settlers received a "home lot" of si.x acres, and this lot was a part of the land on which the First Bapti.st church in Providence now stands. He had two sons and five daughters, and died in 1690. Thomas Angells descend- ants have alwa\-s been numerous in Rhode Island. They have been a strong, powerful race physically. Most of them have been farmers and .seafaring men, and main- have been distinguished. ARNOLD, Alexander Streeter, editor and publisher of the H'crNj /ottn/17/ ai Ventral Falls, now residing in Valley Falls, R. I., was born Sejit, 30, 1829, in Smithfield, about two miles south of Woonsocket. He is the son of Dr. Seth and Belinda (Streeter) Arnold. In 1858 he was married to Eleanor J. Pierce of Woon- socket. At the age of .sixteen he left school and worked at wood turning : but he was not fitted for the trade, and, after a year's attendance at the Suffield seminary, taught school a couple of >ears. At the age of twenty-four he entered the People's Bank of Pawtucket, where he was employed ten years as bookkeeper, when he jnirchased the so-called Elsbree stable, but .soon sold out and entered the employ of the Paw- tucket Hair Cloth Co.. where he remained eleven years, five as bookeeper and six as super- intendent, at the end of which period his health became so impaired that he de.spaired of recovery and resigned his position, and for several >ears was unable to engage in any continuous active labor. Mr. Arnold had removed to \'alley Falls for the pnrpo.se of starting a Universali.st mis- -sion, which was inaugurated, in April, i860. The result is a successful church, also a sue- 2^6 ILLUSTRATI'I) lIISToRV OP P AWTU C K HT. cessfiil school, ol which he has been superin- temlciit iroiii its coinineiiceinent thirty years at;(i. The parish owns a church edifice especi- ally adapted to tlic needs of the members. Mr. Arnold is the author ol several books. His " Cliildren's Catechism " has reached a sale of 15,011(1. His first stor\- books were " Tncle Timothy Taber, " and " Benson Family," both of which met with a ready sale and were soon out of print. His ne.xt book " Henry Lovell," a temjierance stor\-, met with a larger sale, while his late story, "Building to Win," jiublished by James H. Ivarle, Boston, bids fair to doulile the sale of the former three. ARNOLD, H. n. & Son.— The hack, livery and boarding stable, corner of Summer and North I'niou streets, is the largest establish- ment of its kind in Pawtucket. The building belongs to the firm of H. M. Arnold & Son, is a large brick structure, contains 176 stalls, and was first occu]iied Ajjril 12, 1S92. Henry M. Arnold startetl in the liverv stable business in 1865 on the east side. In 1871 he bnilt a stable on Broad street between the Bene- dict house and the location of the present Taylor building, which he occupied until his removal HENRY M. ARNOLD, OF HENRY M. ARNOLD A SON FRANK H. ARNOLD to the firm's present quarters. His son Frank H. is now a member of the firm and is the active manager of the business. ARNOLD, Olney. The name of Arnold is one of the most ancient known in history. Thomas Arnold, the first American ancestor of Olney Arnold was born in 1599 in Cheselbourne, Dorsetshire, England, and came to America in the ship " Plain Joan " He settled at Watertown, Mass., in 1(135, where he married Phebe Parkhurst. Twenty-six years afterwards, in 1661, he came to Pro\'idence and bought land. As he pos.sessed talents which com- manded the respect of his fellow-citi/.ens, he was chosen for several years a member of the General Assembly. His son Richard Arnold was speaker of the House of De])Uties ; he was also one of the Council of vSir ]",dnuind Andros. John Arnold, son of Richard, was the first president of the Smithfield town council. In religion a Quaker, he gave money and land to build two meeting houses ; one was at the northerl\ , the other at the .southerly end of his farm, and that was so extensive that the\' were nine miles apart. One was reared at what was called the " Bank \'illage," the other near the H I O C, R A P II I Iv S . 237 " linttLTHv Factory." The grandson of John Arnold was Nathan, who was the captain ol a military company from Cumberland during tlic war of the revolution. He lo.st his life in con- sequence of exposure, after being wounded at the battle of Rhode Island, wliich took place on Aug. 29, 177S. Olney Arnold is in direct descent from William Arnold, half brother of Thomas Arnold, f)ne of the thirteen original proprietors (jf Pro\idence Plantations ; his name stands second in the deed from Roger Wil- liams to the Pro\i(lence proprietors. He is aLso de.scended from William Carpenter, Thomas Olney and Richard Waterman, three of the original proprietors of Providence Plantations. Worth}' founders of a new commonwealth, ever\ one of them represented the town in the General Assembly. They were also for several years members of the go\-enior's council. But these do not exhau.st the list of Olne^' Arnold's ances- tors. He can claim also descent from Richard Carder, another representative of Providence in the General Assembly, and from Thomas Angell, who accomjianied Roger Williams when he landed at Slate Rock in 1636; Rev. Pardon Tillinghast, pastor of the P'ir.st Baptist church in Providence for several years ; lulward Smith of Newport, a member of the gov- ernor's council: Benjamin Smith, another of the governor's council, and a deput\' to the General Assembly ; Edward Innian, commis- sioner and deputy to the General Court ; Roger Mowry : and John Johnson of Roxbury, general of the militia for many years, surveyor general of all arms and ammunition, chairman of the committee on war, and deputy to the Pl\ - mouth Colony Court for twenty-one years. The grandparents of Olney Arnold on his mother's side were Jonathan and Patience Mason, both descendants from Sampson Mason of Rehoboth, through the Rev. Pelatiah, Charles and Ben- jamin Mason. Jonathan Mason was a farmer in Cumberland and a member of the town council. 01ne\' .\rnis contrivances which made the weaving of haircloth a new business. The American Hair Cloth Co. of Central I-alls is tlie vigorous offspring of theii faith, foreca.st and untiring energ\'. and is the successor of the Pawtucket Hair Cloth Co. From the begin- ning of the enterprise Mr. Arnold has been treasurer of the company. He organized the Pawtucket Electric Lighting Co. He has also been for years a director of the Cumberland Mills Co. and of the Dexter Yarn Co., and is interested in many other corporations. Mr. Arnold has had a very active political career. April 5, 1848, when a young man of 26 years, he was elected a representative to the Rhode Island legislature from the towai of Cum- berland, and was re-elected the two following years. Soon after his removal to Pawtucket he was elected president of the North Providence town council, and when the west side village became part of Pawtucket he was elected president of the council of the enlarged town. From 1 85 1 to 1853 he was state railroad com- mi.ssioner. In the town meetings of Cund:)er- land, North Providence and Pawtucket he presided on many occasions as moderator. He ser\'ed as collector and treasurer of school dis- trict No. 19 in Cumberland, and also of school di.strict No. i in Pawtucket ; was treasurer of North Providence ; was one of the conunittee to build the Pawtucket town hall in 1S71 ; vvas chairman of the water conunission of Pawtucket 1874-5; member of the water conunission 1885 to 1895 inclusive; and has also been an auc- tioneer and notary public in the three towns, and in the city of Pawtucket. June 15. i.SSi, he was elected .state .senator from Pawtucket, and re-elected in i8,S2and iSSv During his term as senator he was a member of the judiciary com- mittee and also served on the committees on finance, corporations and militia. He was one of the conunission appointed on the old State Prison, Ajiril 28, 1883, the other two members being Royal C. Taft and Lucius D. Davis, May 12, 1890 he was appointed by dov, H. W, Ladd one of the commissioners to erect the new- State House in Providence. In the efforts to establish nuinicipal water works and the fire alarm system in Pawtucket, he was \ery active. I-'rom his youth Mr. .\rnoId has lieeii inter- ested in the state militia and has hekl every office up to major general. During the war of the rebellion he was indefatigable in organizing companies, was commissioner for the national goverment and superintendent of the draft for Rhode Island. He is an honorary member of the First and Second Regiment Veteran A.sso- ciations, and also of Slocum Post. He has been a mend)er of the vSons of the American Revolution since F'eb. i, 1890. He has been a F"ree Mason since April 21, 1855, when he became a member of .Morning .Star Lodge, Woonsocket, and now belongs to the Royal Arch Chapter, the Council of Royal and Select Masters, and Holy Sepulchre Conunandery. In politics (General .\rnold is a Democrat, and has been for years a leader of the part\' in the state of Rhode Island. In religion he is a Universalist. In 1.S56 he united with the High Street Universalist church in Pawtucket. and has long been a trustee of the Rhode Island State Convention of that denomination and treastirer from its organization. His monetarv contributions to his church and denomination have been very large but he considers the\' were the best investments he ever made. He has also been a generous contri1)Utor to Dean Academv'. Franklin, Mass.. and he endowed the " .\rnold Laboratory " at that institution in 1882. In private benevolence General .Xrnold has ministered to the necessities of many deserv- ing persons, frequently making the pastor of his church his almoner; but he al.so has distributed w Ic/lL BIOGRAPHI 1-;S. '■3.9 with p^reat cliscriiniiuUion l;ii"i;x- sums directly In the recipients. With the weaUh that has come to him tlirough his energy and financial aVjility, General Arnold has been able to cultivate and indulge the artistic tastes which he possesses in a marked degree. Hanging on the walls of the rooms of his beautiful mansion on Broad street are many fine and rare paintings. Among these are .several celebrated works of art, namely : Oswald Achenback's " Tomb of Cecelia Mettella;" Sophus Jacobson's "Moonlight on the Norwe- gian Coast;" a copy of Raphael's "Madonna della Candelabra ; " Salentin's " Devotion ; " the original of " Lady Washington's Reception," from which many engravings have been made ; " Greek Water Carrier;" " Autumn," by Robie ; " One of the Saints," by an old mas- ter, and many other rare and valuable works. In I •'^44 General Arnold was married to Phebe Dudley, of Dudley, Mass., a descendant of Paul Dudley. After nearly twenty years of happ\' marital life, Mrs. Arnold became seriously ill, but her life was prolonged many years by her patience and faith ; her sufferings were miti- gated liy the sympathy of friends and in a special manner by the watchful attention and unsleep- ing care of her husband. His devotion and solicitude were so marked as to kindle the admiration of every beholder. Mrs. Arnold died March 6, 1895. A true gentleman in every act of his life. General Arnold has fulfilled the maxim of Goethe, "to do the duty that lies nearest you," and it is a just eulogy to say that his life from childhood has been marked by devotion, magnanimity, faithfulness, sweetness and ability. ARNOLD, Preserved, the son of Preserved and ]5ets\- ( Whipple ) Arnold, was l)orn in Suiith- field, June 26, 1.S2.S. He is descended in the seventh generation from Thomas Arnold, who settled in the valley of the Moshassuck river, north of the present village of Saylesville. Here, late in the seventeenth century, Eleazer, a son of Thomas, built a .stone-end chinuiey house which is still standing on the Great Road, so called, hall a mile or more north of Sayles- ville This house when it was built was prob- able the most elegant residence in the northern part of the Colony of Rhode Island. It is two stories in height and is heavily timbered. On three sides the .spaces between the .studs were originally filled in with brick or tile, in order to make the dwelling bullet-proof in ca.se of an Indian attack. At \arious times it has been altered over and modernized, the principal change being the addition of the lean-to at the rear. Its jjresent dimensions are about thirty by thirty-three feet, two .stories high in front and one in the rear, the front eaves being six- teen leet and the rear between eight and nine feet from the ground. Preserved Arnold is a direct descendant of Eleazer in the female line. His paternal line of descent is: Thomas, Richard. Thomas, Job. Oliver, and Preserved, his father. Preserved remained at home until he was 21 \ears old. In 1SS2 he returned to the ancestral home in Lincoln and has since carried on the extensive farm, which has reached a high state of cultivation, having been 200 years under til- tage by members of the Arnold family. Mr. Arnold is a Republican. He attends the Epis- copal church of Lonsdale. He was married in 1S51 to Annie L. Harris of Pawtucket. Two children were born to them : Charles Whipple, and Annie Lazell, who are now deceased. ARNOLD, Seth, son of Nathan and Esther (Darliug) Arnold, was born in Cumberland, R. I., Eeb. 26, 1799. He was a descendant of Thomas Arnold, who came from Dorset, Eng- land in 1635. Thomas first .settled in Watertown, Mass., but came to Providence Oct. 17, 1661. His son Richard was the first settler at Woon- socket and his grandson John built the first framed house there in 171 1. John also erected a grist mill, which was located on the rocks below the falls. This mill was carried away during the flood of 1S07, but was soon rebuilt. John's grandson. Captain Nathan Arnold, was a soldier of the revolution. He commanded a company of minute-men in the battle of Rhode Island, and died soon after from injuries received in that engagement. His son Nathan, father of Seth .\rnold, was born in 1766, and died in 18 12. He married Esther, daughter of Samuel Dar- lintr. Sauuiel lived to be ninetv-five years old 240 IT.T.r STRATI-.D HISTORY O 1' PAWTT C K ICT. and his daughter ICsthcr, niothor ()( Seth AnioM, lacked a few mouths of one hundred years when she died in 1864. Seth Arnold developed con- siderable mechanical skill in his Ncmth, and al an early age became interested in llie manufac- ture of cotton goods. About the \ ear 1 S40 he became proprietor of certain patent medicines, and in 1S72 the lousiness was incorporated under the name of " The vSeth Arnold Medical Corpor- ation " and has lieen successfully carried on under that name up to the present time. Mr. Arnold was twice married and was the father of eight children, who survive him. He lived to the age of 84, and died Oct. 31, 1883. He lived a quiet life, declining public oflRce, and in liis old age was hij;hl\ rei;arded in the com- nuinitx' where he li\ed for his genial character and integrity. ADAHS, Thornton Henry, is of vScotch extraction. His grandfather, William Adams, conducted a large grocery store on the corner of Main street and Park place. Paw- tucket, and lived in a house which occupied the site of the I)resent railroad .station. His father, William T. Adams, was prominent in commercial and public affairs in North Provi- dence ; for many years he was a successful coal dealer : a member of the firms of J. S. Thornton l\: Co. and William T. Adams & Son : was a member of the town council of North Pro\idence and of the first town council of Pawtucket, and repre- sented the town in the Oeneral Assembly. He was a man of sterling character and was beloved by those who knew him for the kind- liness of his disposition. He died on March 29, 1887. Charles P. .\danis, a brother of William T., was born in Pawtucket in 1830. He was a well known dealer in real estate, and was noted for his liberal opinions and his sympathy for ref(5rm movements. He died in Pawtucket, Jan. 17, 1895. Robert, another brother, was a conductor on the THORNTON H. ADAMS •' rnik-r-rcnnd Raibciad," a \-er\- active aboli- licmist and reformer, and at an advanced age is now lixing in I''all River, where for nian\- \-ears he has conducted a book.storc-. William .Xdams and his sons were men of unusual force and character, and were prominent in the abolition and suffrage movements at a time when connec- tion with those causes entailed sacrifices and social ostracism. Thornton Heur\- Adams was born in North Providence May 16, 1856, and was the youngest child of William Tindel and Amanda M. ( Davis) Adams. He attended the Pawtucket ])ul)lic schools and completed his education in Allen's English and Cla.ssical school, West Newton, Mass., in 1873. His first occu])alion was that of clerk for his father. He afterwards learned the manu- facturing jewelers' lra-. When he was out of his time he entered into a partnership witli Charles A. Luther under the name of Luther & Ashton. to carr\- on the business of pattern making. This firm was dissolved in 1857, and from that time until 1S71 Mr. Ashton operated a shop of his own. He then succeeded the late James Arnold as a manufacturer of cotton machinery on Dexter street, but in 1877 disposed of this business to George W. Pa>-ne & Co. \'ery early in connection with his pattern-making business he started to manu- facturer cloth stretchers, which industrx- is now an important one in Pawtucket. In 1S77, a favorable opportunity offering, he established himself in the wholesale lumber connnission busi- ness, which he still conducts. Later he com- menced the manufacture of starch and water mangles for printers and bleachers, and in this connection he is known all (jver the United States and luirope. He has taken an active part in public affairs, and .served as sealer of weights and measures before the consolidation of the town of Pawtucket. Sept. 22, 1857, he was married to Julia Ann Arnold of Pawtucket. By this union there are three children : Charles F., b. Sept. 4, 1861 : Frank H., b. July 17. 1865 ; and Julia L., b. May 20, 1868. ATWOOD, Abner, son of Joshua, son of Joshua, son of Xathaniel, son of Xathaniel, son of Xallianiel. son of John. Tlie last named was the common ancestor of this family in America and settled in Plymouth. Mass., in 1633, where he married .Sarah, daughter of Richard Master.son. He was prominent in the affairs of the town and accumulated consider- able property. Many of his descendants have been distinguished in political, bu.siness, and social life. Abner's ancestor moved to Car\-er, Mass., at an early date and he was born there, in a house that had sheltered three successive generations of this famil\-. His mother, Hannah Thomas, was a native of Middleboro, Mass. His youth was passed like that of mo.st boys of the time in New England towns. He attended school and helped his father on the farm until he attained his nineteenth year. He then went to Taunton and entered the employ of William iVIason iS: Co., then one of the largest cotton machinery builders in the country, to learn the trade of a machinist. After an experience of five years, he took charge of a .section in the works of the Taunton Locomotive Company, remaining until 1858, when he formed a partner- ship with J. O. Draper, in Bedford, Mass., for the manufacture of soap. In 1862, the firm of Draper & Atwood removed to Pawtucket, and in 1866, upon the death of the junior partner of the firm of R. & G. Cushman, Mr. Atwood was invited bv the surviving partner to an interest iu the firm and business. Until 1875 the style of the firm was Cushman, Phillips 6k Co. Mr. Cushman then withdrew and the firm of Atwood, Crawford & Company was formed. In 1890 this company was incoqjorated under the name of The Atwood, Crawford Co., and Mr. Atwood was elected pre.sident, which position he now holds. Mr. Atwood is remarkably vigorous lor a man in his 71st year. He is a deacon of the Central Falls Congregational church. In 1851 he married Lydia A. Draper of Attleboro. AUTHIER, Joseph Misael, was born in St. Charles, Ouel)ec, Canada, Aug. 31. 1844, and is the third child of Louis G., and Honore Guertin, of Beloeil, Canada. He attended the public .schools of St. Hilaire, and completed his education at the Granby Academy, Granby, P. y., and the Xoriual .School at Montreal. 242 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. Canada. When i6 years of age he commenced the study of law, being admitted to practice as a notarj- public in 1867. He engaged actively in his profession lor fu-e years, but finally con- cluded to devote all his time to journalism. The opportunities offered in his own country were not encouraging, so he came to the United States in 1872, going direct to Cohoes, N. Y., where he assumed charge of the editorial department of L'Avenir National. In 1S76, he established La Patrie Nouvelle, but receiving a tempting offer for its purchase, di.spo,sed of it in 1S90 and came to Central Falls, R. I., where he commenced the publication of L'Esperance, a semi-weekly paper, which has been successful from the start. Mr. Authier is an active Republican, and takes a prominent part in the local affairs of Central Falls. He is a member of the .school board, and is also one of the board of licence commissioners. He lias Jteen married twice, fir.st to Evelina M., daughter of Captain O. Naud, of Sorel, P. O., Canada, July 29, 1867, and by this union there were three children, Joseph, I^velina and Louis Napoleon. His fir.st wife died, and on Aug. 29, 1882, he was married to Martine Lucie Ducharme of Cohoes, New York. BANIQAN, James E., the filth chihl ..1 Owen and Margaret (Donlej-) Banigan, was liorn in Pawtucket, Jan. 8, 1866. He received his education in the public schools of Pawtucket and the La Salle Academy, Providence, and was graduated from the Pawtucket high school in 1885. For five years he was a clerk in different mercantile houses and then began the .study of law in the office of Joseph Osfield, Jr. In 1893 he was admitted to the bar, and formed a partnership with Mr. Osfield, which was dis- .solved in 1895, when he opened a separate office at 179 Main street. He has now developed a good general practice in his profession, and is considered an advocate of promise and ability. He takes a livel\- and intelligent interest in public affairs. In politics his preferences are Democratic, but he is not a partisan. Mr. Banigan's grandfather, Peter Banigan, was the founder of the famil\- in this countr}-. He emigrated in 1832, from Castleblaeny, County Monaghan, Ireland, and settled in Lowell, Mass., with his wife and a famih- of five sons and two daughters. In 1S37 the\- all came to Pawtucket, and the father and sons went to work in Dunnell's printworks, where several of the latter became expert block print- ers, and when machine printing was introduced they also learned that art. Soon after coming to Pawtucket Mr. Banigan erected a dwelling house on North Bend .street, where he resided until his death in 1869 at the age of 86. He was one of the best known and respected men in the community and was possessed of genial manners, a read}' wit, and a well stored mind, all of which made him a charming companion. Owen, the son of Peter and the father of James E., was born in Ireland in 1824 and died in Pawtucket in 1881. He was originally a machine printer in Duiniell's printworks but went into the grocery !)usiness and then became a wholesale liquor dealer, in which he continued until his death. His family of six children were all born in Pawtucket, and he jilaced at their disposal the advantages of education, wliicli in common with his brothers and si.sters, James E. has availed him.self of to advantage. BARBER, Joseph De Vere, H. D., the first child and onl\- son of Thomas Alvin and Sarah Jane (Kenjon) Barber, was born in Hopkinton, R. I., in 1 87 1. On his mother's side he is des- cended from the Kenyons, a familj' well-known in Southern Rhode Island since the seventeenth century. His maternal grandfather, Joseph D. Kenyon, was a physician in Hopkinton in the early part of the present century, and his uncle, John D. Ken3'on, is now a physician in We.sterly, R. I. His father served in the P'ourth Rhode Island Volunteers for three years during the war of the rebellion, and since then has con- ducted a drug store in Ashaway, R. I. Joseph attended the We.sterly public schools, was graduated from the high school and then studied medicine in Columbia College, New York cit\ . from which he was graduated in 1892. For two years he was a member of the staff of phxsicians in the Norwegian Hospital, Brooklyn. As a result of this training and experience he had become a skilled surgeon and physician. In B I O C R A P H 1 1: S . 243 1895 he established himself in Pawtucket, with an office in the Sheldon building, and soon secured a good practice. After remaining here a year he remo\-ed to Putnam, Conn., where he only remained a short time when he went to Westerly, where he now has an office at S High .street. During his residence in Paw- tucket Dr. Barber l)ecame a member ot the Business Men's Association and of the Paw- tucket Medical Association. He belongs to the Re]nil)lican ])arty, and is a mcnilier of the Baptist church. BARBER, John H., son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Buckley) Barber, was born in Provi- dence, R. I. May ;,o, 1S52, attended the Paw- tucket public .schools until he was thirteen years old, and at the age of sixteen began to learn the trade of a silversmith with the Gorham Manufacturing Co., Providence. He continued to work for that company until November iSjs when he had become an expert silversnnth. In 1876 he engaged with the Whiting Manufactur- ing Co., of Xortli Attleboro, Ma.ss., as a silver- smith. During that year this company removed Its works to New York city and Mr. Barber accompanied the concern and served as a fore- man of the manufacturing department, and then went to work as foreman for Tiffan\- & Co., about 1.S78. He remained with this company until iS.Si when he returned to Central Falls to conduct a hack, livery and boarding stable which he had purcha.sed from Isaac Bennett the previous year. Since that time he has carried on this business, and has been very successful. He has always personally directed the busine.ss and is now its active manager. Mr. Barber was one of the commissioners appointed to di\-ide Lincoln from Central Falls, and has been town and city .sergeant, which latter office he now fills, and as such summons jurors and witne.sses for all court business. He is a member of Jenks Lodge, Masons, and belongs to the Knights of Pythias ; the United Workmen ; the Knights of Kora.shian ; the Central Falls Veteran Firemen's Association ; the Central Falls Republican As.so- ciation : and is an associate member of Ballon Post, G. A. R. of Central Falls. He was mar- ried in i8S4to Lizzie E. Kinney of Mattapoisett, Mass., and they have one .son, John H., Jr., b. Now 12, 1892. Mr. Barber's father was born in Manchester, Ivngland, and came about 1839 to Providence, R. I., where he was employed in the Providence (xas works until about 1853, when he was engaged to jnit in the piping for the Pawtucket Gas works on High .street, Central Falls. He re- mained with the.se works for 25 years. In 1875 he entered the employ of the Pawtucket Steam ^: Cias Pipe Co., but retired in 1880, and lived quietly until his death in Pawtucket in 1888. BARBER, Reuben A., the son of George P. and Lydia (Soul) Barber, was born in Pomfret, Conn., Aug. 11, 1846. He attended the public schools of Scituate, R. I., until he attained his fifteenth year. His first occupation was with the Rockland Mill Co. He was afterwards employed in the Beten'ille, D^-erville, Center- dale and Allen.sville Mills for short periods until 1.S65, when he came to Pawtucket and entered the mill of Dexter Bros., now the Dex- ter Yarn Company, on Broadway, where Ijy nitelligence, clo.se application, and executive ability he was succe.s.sively promoted until he became superintendent in 1888. He has now^ lieen thirty consecutive years with this concern. Mr. Barber attends the Park Place Congrega- tional church, and is now connected with a number of fraternal societies, being a Mason, Odd Fellow and a Knight of Pythias, and belongs to the Pawtucket Veteran Firemen's Association. He was married to Maranda J. Chappell of Pawtucket in 1S80. BARBER, Varnum T., the fourth child of John K. and Betsey (Tabor) Barber, was born in Hope Valley, R. I., July 18, 1852. He attended the public schools of Voluntown, Conn., until he attained his eleventh year, when he went to work in the cotton mill in the same village. There he labored eight years and acquired a thorough knowledge of the textile industry. He then worked successively in Jewett City, Grosvenor Dale and Putnam, Conn. In the latter town he was appointed overseer of the mill and remained in this position six years. He then took charge of the Grinnell Mill in New- Bedford, Mass., and afterward was superintend- 244 I L LUST rati; I) HIvSTORV OK PAWTUCKET. eiit of the City Mill of that place. Coiniii;^ to Pawtucket in 1889 he became sii])eriiiteii(leiU of the Slater Cotton Conip;ui\ 's mills, which posi- tion he now holds. -Mr. liarljer is an atUndanl of the I'^jiiscopal church, and a memher ol the .Masonic order. He is also a mend)er of the To Kalon clnb of Pawtucket. .Sijit. 10, 1S76, he was married to Clara Iv Sherman of Jewett City, Conn., h\' which union there are three children, Luella M., h. A])ril 11, 1878; Win- fred I)., I3. Aug. 0. i.Syy; and Harold T., b. vSept. 7, 1890, BARKER, Edward, the second child of Matthew G. and Sarah (vStuttard) Barker, was born near Bradford, England, Dec. 21, 1857. When nine years old he went to work in a woolen mill, and in course of time became a skilled operator. As his mind expanded, recog- nizing the necessity for a better education than he had been able to secure in his short attend- ance at school, he applied himself closely to stud\- and soon acquired a varied and u.seful fund of knowledge. At an early age he enter- tained thoughts of emigrating. The countries that interested him nicst were the Ihiited States and Australia, and his final selection of the for- mer was influenced by its democratic form of goxerniuent. With his wife and child he came to this country and secured employment in a woolen mill in Lawrence, Mass. From thence he removed to Providence, and while there se- cured a position as overseer in the Central Falls woolen mill, where he remained five years and accumulated sufficient money to enable him to .start in business for himself. He commenced in a small way as a jobber in woolen cloth. His business steadily increased, but the great de- pression in busine.ss and poor collections forced him to make an assignment in the fall of 1896. In public affairs Mr. Barker favors progressive measures regardless of the party or source from which they originate. He was the first to call a public meeting in Pawtucket in the interest of ballot reform and was one of the organizers and president of the Single Tax club. He has ab- solute faith in the high destinies that await this nation in the future. Sept. 4, 1880, he was mar- ried to Annie Eastwood of Calvely, England, b\- which union there are four children : Herbert Ewart, Blanche Ivislwood, hlsther .\nnie. and (".race I'hnih'. BARKER, Frederick Eugene, is a descend- ant of one of the oldest families in Rhode Island, and traces his ancestry back to the original .settlers of the state. His father, who was born in Provi- dence in 1827, remo\ed to Pawtucket in i860, was a mend)er of the first cit\ go\-ernment, and pre,sident of the hoared great skill in den- tislr\- and .secured an excellent patronage. He came to Pawtucket in iSSS and o])ened an office in the Sheldon building, Main street. He has built up a fine practice and i.s a thorough dental expert, employing the mo.st modern scientific apparatus. In jiolitics Dr. Rarolet is a Repub- lican. BASTOW, Stuart, the sixth child ol Amos and .\nna ( Priestly) Bastow was born in Leeds, England, Feb. 24, 1.S72. His father was a machinist in Leeds, who being- attracted to the United .States b\' the broad field offered to men of energy and enterprise, / came here in 1SS4. Stuart at- tended the public schools of his nati\-e cit\- until he attained his \ twelfth >ear, and completed his \ education at tlie ])u1)lic schools of Pawtucket in iSSfi. His first occupation was in the drug .store of Mr. McAllister on Dexter street, where he remained for three years. He possessed considerable taste for drawing and designing and this induced him to de\()te four years to learning sign paint- ing. In 1893 he opened an establishment of his own at 23 Broad street, and has established a large and continually increasing business. BATES, Frank May, the present treasurer of the cil\' of Pawtucket, was boiii in Pawtucket, Mass., Aug. 4, 1843, and is the onl\ child of XaliuniandvSarah Maria ( May) Hates. His father was for 60 years a merchant on the east side, Paw- tucket, at the corner of Broadway and Main street ; and his grandfather, also named Xalium, was a farmer and wholesale dealer in cattle and live stock in Meiulon, Mass. The Bates fainiK \ FRANK MAY BATES has for nian\- generations been conspicuous in .Mendiiii, liridgewater, and other towns of the ( )Id Colony. Through his ])ateriial grandmother Mr. Hates is descended from the Ballous, so long a coiisi)icuous family in northern Rhode Island and in southern and western Massachusetts. ( )n his mother's sick- he traces his descent to John Ma\'. who came Iroiii Mayfield, luigland in id^S ;nid settleil at Roxbury, Mass. His great grandfather May was a ])rominent man in his day in Massachusetts, was a member of tlie governor's council, a state senator, and served as colonel in the revolutionary war. His grand- father, Jesse Ma>', was the fnst law\er who began to practice that profession in the village of Pawtucket in the town of North Providence. Jesse May's wife was Betsey Marsh, the daugh- ter of Amariah Marsh, who, it is claimed, was the teacher in the first Sunday school established 1)\- Samuel .Slater, and received one dollar each Sunday for leaching the children the three R's. Other members of this branch ol the laiiiiK' have been distinguished. Setli May of W'iiUhro]), Me., was judge of the Maine Supreme Court. Lemuel M a >' of Attleboro, brother ol Mr. Hates' maternal grandfather, was com 111 only known as Squire May, and his son, John W. May. who was a classmate of Judge W. W. Hlodgett of Paw- tucket, was a prominent lawyer, and at one time was district attorney for Suffolk County, Massa- chusetts. Mr. Hates' lather was born in Miiidou, Mass., March 6, 1811, and came to Pawtucket in 1S32. P'rom i860 to 18-4 he was town treas- urer, was a member of the Masssachusetts Legis- lature from 1.S46 to 1849, and served as select- man for many terms. P'or a long period, and up to the time of his death, he was a deacon of the P'irst Baiitist church, and lor inan\ \ears was sujjerintendeiil ol the .Suiula> sclinol. He cast his first vote for Henr\' Clav in 1832, ami votetl thereafter in e\-ery election, national, JOSEPH DeVERE barber, M.O. LOUIS H. BEAUDRY, M.D. EDWARD S. BOWEN, TREASURER NEWELL COAL AND LUMBER ( 248 ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTl'CKICT. state, town or clislricl, wliieh occurred in I'aw- tucket until his dealii, llie tla\ ol the presiden- tial election, Nov. >S, i.Sy2. One ot the most prominent members of the Hales lamil\ has been Samuel I'. Bates, who was state historian and state superintenilent ol schools in Pennsyl- vania, and wrote a history oi the ci\il war and a defence of General Hooker's action at tin- battle of Chancellors\Mlle. I'rauk May Hates recei\ed his education in the connuon schools and in the high school ol Pawtucket. but did not graduate on atcouul of ill health. He worked for Gcjrham iS: Co. and Hrown in Providence for two years and he then in iS66 entered into his father's business, and continued therein until his a])poiutuieul as city treasurer, July, iSyi. In ii~iy3, after his lather's death, the business was finally clo.sed up. Mr. Hates has always been a Republican. He served on the school committee for two years, during which jjeriod he was secretar\-. From rSjy to iSSj inclusi\e. he represented Pawtucket in the (".eueral .\ssenil)l\', and for two sessions was chair- nuiu of the conuniltec on militia. In 18S4 he was a delegate at large to the Chicago conven- tion which nominated James G. Blaine for the presidency, and was the only Blaine man from Rhode Island. During the Centenary celebra- tion, Mr. Hates was chief of .staff on Military l)a\', and he deli\ered the oration Satunlay, Oct. 4, 1.S90 at the dedication of the Collyer monument. He is one of the original members of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association. I'"eb. 6, 1S88, he read a paper before this organiza- tion on "Fires and Insurances" which contained an array' of facts and figures of great interest. He has been correspondent for the (iantti- and Chronicle and for the Daily Tiiius, and accom- panied a party of capitalists to Siou.x Cit\ in this capacity for the Daily 'finics in 18S9. He is a member of the F''irst Baptist church, and was a teacher in its Sunday school for more than thirty years, in this respect following in the foot.steps of his great-grandfather, Amariah Marsh. Out of fifty scholars in the class he taught for many years, all have been successful men, except two or three. Mr. Bates is a mem- ber of many societies and has been treasurer of nearl\ all of thciii. He was for two years treasurer of the X'eteran f'iremens .\ssociatioii, for fn-e \ears treasurer of the Horse Guards, and has been treasurer of the N'oiiiig Peo])le's .Society of his chinch. In the local militia .Mr. Hales was for man\' \ears \ery active. He joined the Pawtucket Horse Guards in 1S62, during the ne.xt ten years passed through all grades, and was captain ill iSj.S-y. In i.s,S5 he was appointed by Go\- iTiior Hrown a member of his staff with the rank ol colonel, antaff ol Crcii. Phili]) 11. Sheridan al the dedication of the Washington iiioiuiiiicnt, h'el). JJ, 1.SS5. He was married Aug. 12. i.Sdd. to .Susan Peir>- luldx' ol Hast Greenwich, and tlie\ had two children: Charles luld\-, b. .\ug. S, iSdj, died July 2\). 1S77 ; and Sarah May, b. Dec. 3, 1S72. BATES, Frederick, son ol Whitinan ami Luc\' .Villi (Clark) Pjates, was horn at South Millord, .Mass., Aug. 22, 1.S31. His father moved to Pawtucket with his faiiiilx' in 1836. h'or one \ear h'rederick went to school at South Meiulon, Mass. In Pawtucket he attended the Grove Street Grammar school and the Academy which stood where Stephen F. Fisk's house now is on Main street, and the Vmilding is .still in existence on Walcott street. He fitted for col- lege at the L\ciu e\: Frieze i>ri\-ate school, now the I'niversity Grammar school in Proxideiice, and entered Brow'u University in 1847. On the death of his father in 1849 he left the University and devoted his time to the business, becoming- clerk for his uncle Nahum Bates, who continued to run the store. His salary at first as clerk was 5115 per year, and this only paid his board. He howex'er soon found a better position in Providence with I,. I). .\iitIioiiy & Co., retailers and wholesalers of fancy goods, where he recei\'ed S250 ])er year. In 1853 he. with his lirother-indaw, D. T. Chilsmi, IjouglU out X. Bates & Co., the business founded by his father. They conducled it very successfully under the linn name of Chilscui iS: Hates until 1858 when tlie\ admitted to the firm James .\. I.eckie, one of their clerks. The style then became Chilson, Bates & Co. In 1862 Mr. Bates bought out Mr. Riorum A PHI i: s. 249 Chilsdii, wliii (lit'd soon alter, lia\iu^ been ill for some tiiiic before he sold out. The firm then became Bates & Leckie. In 1S66 the wliole business was sold out and closed. .\ >ear later Mr. Bates purcha.sed a stock in Providence with his old partner, but he sold out within a year, on account of ill health. From 1880 to 18S3 la- was a member of the firm of Linton Bros., but again ill health forced him to retire. In politics Mr. Bates is a Republican. He was a member of the Pawtucket town council, being the only Republican on the council at that time. In 1856 he was married to Harriet N., daughter of Amos M. Read. They have one child, Adelaide ITnderwood Bates, who was married to Edward G. Tuttle of New York city, May 31, 1893. Mr. Bates joined the Paw- tucket Congregational church in 1856, and has been a member ever since. He was superinten- dent of the Sunday school in 1882-5, was elected trustee April 28, 1862, and is now the senior trustee He was also a member of the building committee when the present church was con- structed in 1868. Since 1883 he has lived a retired life, looking after his real estate interests. He sold out a large portion of his landed estate, which has since been largeh' built upon. He acquired considerable wealth, is a man of well preserved powers, and is v-er}' active. He now resides at the old family home on Walcott street. BATES, Whitman, son of Xahum and Perley (Ballou) Bates, was born March 9, 1805, in Mendon, Mass., and died in Pawtucket, Dec. 12, 1849. Until he was twenty-one years old he lived in his native place, obtained his edu- cation there in the district school and worked on his father's farm. When he attained his majority his father gave him a silver dollar, which is still in the possession of the lamilw and sent him out into the world. He went to vSouth Milford, Mass., and became a clerk in a store, saved money, and upon the death of his employer bought the store. In 1835 he sold the store, moved to South Mendon, and o])ened a hotel which he sold at the end of a year. Coming to Pawtucket he bought out the grocer\- and dry goods business owned by Alanson Thaver and Ellis Pitcher. The store was situ- ated where the Hates Ijlock now is on P.roadway. I le disposed of the grocery ])art and conducted the dry goods business until his death in 1849. His brother, Xahum Bates, the father of Frank M. liates, the present city treasurer, was his ])artner in this enterprise and the firm was known as \V, .S: X. Bates. The business was \ery successful, and Mr. Bates became one of the leading and influential citizens of Pawtucket. For many years he was superintendent of the Sunday school of the First Baptist church, and was a member of the building committee when the present edifice was constructed in 1842. The Bates family is descended from Clement Hates, who .sailed from England in 1635 in the ship "Elizabeth," with his wife, five children and two servants, and settled in Hingham, Ma.ss. The\' came from Lydd, County of Kent, where their ancestors had lived for two centuries. Whitman Hates is of the sixth generation from Clement, and the line of descent is : Clement, Joshua, Isaac, who .settled in Bellingham : Laban, who was a revolutionary soldier and a memberof the Massachusetts legislature : Xahum and Whitman. BAXTER. Frederick Warren, is descended from an old New England family that came from Cape Cod to Pawtucket at an early date. He is the third child of Warren and Carrie M. (Gardner) Baxter, and was born in Pawtucket, March 17, 1861. He attended the public schools until he was fifteen years old. In 1876 he was apprenticed to Charles Rittnian to learn the upholstering trade. When his term of appren- ticeship had expired he worked for J. A. & A. J. .\llen of Central Falls and the Central Falls l'"urnilure Co.. who had succeeded that firm. In 1SS7 he opened an upholstering establish- ment in the Sheldon block on X'^orth I'nion street. After .several removals he settled in 1S95 at his i)resent location, 90 Exchange street, where he makes a specialty of manufacturing fine and medium upholstered furniture and hair mattresses and also deals in antique furniture. Mr. Baxter is a Rejiublican, and is a member of the Garfield Club. He has taken an active part in the Knights of Pythias and has occupied sev- eral jiromincnt positions in the order. He is 250 I I.I.rSTR .\Tl-;i) HISTORY O I' T AW T T C K I'.T also a menilier of the American Benefit Associa- tion. July 10, i.S,S2 he was married to Ruth Frances W'inslow of Pawtucket, by which union there are four children: Krnest Winslovv, Carr\ hell Warren, Ruth Spencer, and Charles Warren. BEl.LEW, Robert, the fourth child of Patrick and Mary (Chambers) Bellew, was born in Montreal, Canada, May 31, 1846. He attended the public schools of Xorth Becket, Mass., whither his faniil\- had removed, until 1862, when he enlisted in Company ]i, 1st Massachu- setts Cavalrw He participated in many of the great battles of the ci\il war, until his regiment was mustered out of ser\ice in 1864. He then went to Boston, to Jackson, Mich., and Chicago, 111., and in the latter cit>' he worked at tanning for a brother of General Grant. Returning east he worked at his trade near Boston, and also at Attleboro. Mass., and then with Comp ^ Co., where he remained 15 years. In 1881 in com- pany with William Gould and R. A. Butler he established the .Star Tanning Co., now located at 140 h'ront street. In iS,S4 he opened a branch store in Philadelphia, but in 1S88 owing to the great depression in business he discontinued it. Mr. Bellew attends the Church of the Sacred Heart and is actively identified with the Sunda\- school, being at ])resent superintendent. He has been a member of the Sacred Heart Teui- perance .Society for the past twenty years. May, 1876, he was married to Mary A. Reilly of Paw- tucket, by which union there is one child, Mary A., b. Dec. 6, 1877. Mr. Bellew's father was born in Ireland, Feb. 3, 1815, but came to this country when he was a young man. BENNETT, John Hillman, H. D., was born in New Bedford, Mass., Dec. 12, 1869, and is the son of Samuel R. and Hannah A. (Ryder) Bennett. In the educational institutions of his native city he received his early training, grad- uating from the grammar and high schools and the Swain Free school. In the latter he was prepared for college. He entered Boston University School of Medicine in iS.S.S and was graduated in 1891 with the degree of M. I). When in college, in the la.st year of his studies, he was appointed resident physi- cian of the Consumptive Home at Roxbury, Mass. In this capacity he gained considerable experience in the treatment of pulmonary dis- eases. In Xewbury])ort and Dorchester, .Mass., after graduation, he .-itleiided the ])atients of two jiractitioners, during their temporary ab- sence. In the following year he became house surgeon of the Boothby Surgical Ho.spital, Boston, Mass. In 1893 he connnenced practice at Pawtucket, R. I., and at present is the attending jjhysiciau at the l'r()\-idence Homeo- jiathic I)ispensar\- and assistant surgeon at the Rhode Island Homeopathic Hospital. Dr. Bennett is a member of the Massachusetts Homeopathic Medical Soi'iet\ . the Rhode Island Homeopathic vSociet>', of which he is secretary, the Boston Homeopathic Society, and the Pawtucket Medical Association. He is a mendjer of Pacific Lodge, 12,^, I. (). O. F., of New Bedford, Mass., and also of the To Kalon Club of Pawtucket, belongs to the Pawtucket Congregational church, the Y. M. C. A., and is vice president of the F'ederal Council of the Brotherhood of Andrew and Philij). He is very much interested in music and has made some stud\- of the violin. BERRY, James B.. son of Thomas T. and Sarah R. (Slocum) Berry, was born in Paw- tucket, R. I., Nov. 2,^, 1856. He obtained his education in the public schools, was graduated from the Grove street grannnar school under P. E. Bishop, principal, in the spring of 1872, and attended the high school the fall and winter terms following. At the age of sixteen he went to work for his father in the undertaking busi- ness and has continued in it ever since. He has never engaged in any other trade. Early in his connection with the business he was stationed at Oak Grove cemetery, but is now in charge of the office and establishment at 7 Wal- cott street. Mr. Berry is a member of the Church of our F"ather (Universalist), and belongs to the Knights of Pythias, Charles E. Chickering Lodge. He is also an associate member of the (L A. K. He was married in 1878 to Clara A. Williams, of Seekonk, Mass., daughter of Baylies M. and Mary E. (Radloff) Williams. They have two children : Sadie .May, b. 1884, and Inez W., b. 1889. RIOr, R API! lES. 251 BERRY, Thomas Edward, son of Thomas T. and Sarah R. (Slociun) Berry, was born in Pawtuckt-t in 1S65. He went to the jmlilic schools nntil he was sixteen years oUl, and then attended a private school for a \ ear. He then became a salesman for J. B. Barnaliy & Co., of Pro\idence, in the clothing business, and re- mained in that position seven years, when he joined his father in conducting the undertaking business on Walcott street. In 1896 Mr. Berr\- was appointed by the city council, superintendent of the Mineral Spring and Oak Grove cemeteries, succeeding his father. In this office he has proved efficient and popular. He was married May 4, 1S92, to Ida L. Jenks, daughter of Pardon and Kli/.a J. Jenks of Pawtucket. The\- have one child by this union Edith J., b. in Pawtucket. Mr. Berry resides in an artistic colonial residence on North Bend street, which was built in 1894, and is one of the most attractive dw^ellings in Pawtucket. The house occupies a portion of what was formerly the farm of his maternal grandfather, Samuel vSlocum. BERRY, Thomas Thatcher, was born in Pawtucket, Ajiril 26, iS;,4. His father, Capt. Freeman Berry, who was born at Yarmouth, Ma.ss., April 17, 1808, and died at Pawtucket, March 22, 1894, was a seafaring man, and com- manded vessels and steamers running to Paw- tucket. His mother, Mahala (Phillips) Berry was born in Harwich, Mass., Aug. 26, 1808. Thomas went to school in Pawtucket until he was eighteen years of age. He then learned to be a toolmaker, and followed that occupation for 15 years, up to 1869. In that year he was appointed superintendent of Oak Grove ceme- tery, where he continued for 26 years. In 1872 he took up the undertaking business, and has since carried it on. Mr. Berry is a member of the High street Universali.st church, and belongs to the Rhode Island I'niversalist Club. He is a member of the New England Undertakers Association, belongs to the Knights of Pythias and was the first president of the Endowment Rank when it was in.stituted. He is also a member of the Business Men's As.sociation and is one of tlie Pawtucket \'eteran Firemen. In 1856 he was married to Sarah Radloff Slocuni of Pawtucket, R. I. l'"i\e children have been born to them two of whom siir\-i\e. BISHOP, Frank, son of I,ee II. and lunma J. ( P>ennett) Bishop, was born in 1 .S64 at Lisbon, Conn. When six years of age his parents moved to Jewett Cit.\', Conn., where he attended the connnon schools. When thirteen years old he went to work in the cotton mills of John F. .Slater. At the age of sixteen he took a position in the office of the A.shland Cotton Co.. Jewett Cit\-, and was assistant bookkeeper until 1885. He then went to Minneai)olis. Minn., with the Union Transfer Co., with whom he remained lor one \ ear, when he returned east and engaged with the Ashland Cotton Co., Jewett City, Conn., in his former position, where he remained imtil 1 89 1. In that year he came to Pawtucket and was engaged by the Slater Cotton Co., to take charge of the office. He has charge of all accounts and is confidential clerk of the treas- urer. Mr. Bishop belongs to the Park Place Congregational church. He is Past Master of Mount Vernon Lodge of Masons, and a member of Reliance Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Jewett City. He was married in 1887 to I'Ala. C. Chapman of Jewett City, Conn., and they have had four children : Alice, b. Jewett Cit\", (deceased) ; Howard, b. Jewett City; Florence, b. Paw- tucket: Arnold, b. Pawtucket. The first American ancestor of the Bisho]) family settled at Phniouth in the last part of the seventeenth century, and members of the family soon after settled in Eastern Connecticut, where their descendants have since resided. BLAKE, Francis Nelson, the first child of Ezra N. and Rhoda T. (Bliss) Blake, was born in Wrentham, Mass., June 1 1, 1853. He attended the public schools of his native town until he attained his sixteenth year, and completed his education at the Wrentham Academy. In 1871 he came to Pawtucket and was apprenticed to vSte]ihen R. Bucklin to learn blacksmithing. He served his time and remained with Mr. Bucklin seven years, during which period he saved sufficient money to enable him to start in Inisiness for himself. In 1878 he purchased a small .shop in the rear of ,^2,^ Main street from Henrv Luther and did all the work himself. I I.I, r ST rati: 1) history ()!• I'.wvTucKirr. He now occupies a three stor\ buikliiii;. 40 by 84 feet, built on the same site ; it recjuires twenty- men to fill the orders for wagons and carriages, and his business is continually increasing. In politics .Mr. Blake is a Ueimblican. He attends the First Bapti.st church and is an active and prominent member of llie Odd I'ellows, .Ameri- can Mechanics, is I'ast Ca])lain in the Sons of \'eterans, and is a number and officer of the Order of Red Men. He has filled every chair in Ivnterprise Council, .\merican Mechanics, Sept. 5, iS7f), he was married to Mary V,. Cotton of Pawtuckel, b\- whicli union there is one child: Rhoda I,, b, .March 11, iS,S4. Mr, Blake traces his ancestors back on the maternal side to Noah Bli.ss, who was one of the thirtx- eiglit men who settled Rehoboth willi Rev, Samuel Xewiuan. His father was a larmer and was born in W'rentham, Ma.ss,, l''el)ruary, lS2_-^, and tiled .Sept. 12, i,S62 from the effects of a gun shot wound received at the second battle of Hull Run while serxiug in the Union Army, BLISS, Frank Norton, the first child of Francis \'. and Sarah W'lieaton (Norton) Bliss, was born in Taunton, Mass,, Ma\- 21, 1^53, He attended the ])ublic schools until he was sixteen years old, then learned the painter's trade, and in seven years saved enough from his earnings to establish himself in business in i.sjfi. He pro.spered from the start and now conducts a well established and successful painting and paper hanging business at .S6 North Main street, Pawtucket. Politicall\- he is a Republican, In fraternal affairs he is an Odd Fellow. Jul\ , 1891 he was married to Mary A. Rhodes .Vngell of Pawtuckel. His father was born in Reho- bolh, .Mass., Feb, 2S. 1S25, and his mother was l)orn in Seekonk, Mass,, in iS^ei, BLODQETT, Edward Griffin, was born in Pawtucket, Mass., July 21, 18.^9, and was the fourth child of the Rev. Constantine and Han- nah Maria (Dana) Blodgett, His lather was for thirty-five years the jiastor of the Congrega- tional church, junction of Walcott street and Broadway, and was a man nniversall>' loved and respected. The grandfather, Benjamin Blod- gett, was a farmer in \'ermont, and some of his EDV/ARD G, BLODGETT, JNDER OF BLODGETT 1 ORSwELL sons, the older brothers of the Re\-. Mr. Pilodgett, took ])art in the war of 1S12, I'.dward (', . lilodgett received his education at the rniversil\- (irammar .School of l'ro\-i- dence and at Andier.st College, but left before completing his course of stuih-. He then engaged in business for two >ears, at the end of which time he went to the Hawaiian Islands where he remained six months. From there he went to California, and was a member of the first company of gold seekers that entered .Arizona. He remained there until after the war of the rebellion, when he returned to Paw- tucket and was employed by the R. I). Mason Co., bleachers and dyers, with whom he renuiined for about 20 years. While so engaged he also began to manufacture \arii on his own account, and about iS.S^ hu formed a ])artner- shi]i with Ivdnnnid W. Orswell undi'i- the name of Blodgett .\; Orswell. The business was incorporated in 1.SS7 as the Blodgett .K: Orswell Co. Till- same year the partners started the Pawtucket I)\eing 6t Bleaching Co,, with works at Lebanon, and this business was also incor- porat(.(l. Mr. Blodgett was jiresident of both these corjiiirations fmni their organization until I5IO('. R.\ I'll I !■: s. liis (leatli April 3, iSi)4. He was a fiiK- t\])c-- nl tliL' cmisciriilidus hiisiiicss man. hoiiL'Sl, lair, carelul and candid. In social life he was genial and CDurlfous, jinpular with his associates and helovfd 1)\ his friends. In politics he was a Rfjndilican, l>nt his bnsiness occupied so much of his lime that he ne\er was a candidate for any public office. He attended the Congrega- tional church, of which his father was pastor so man)- years, and he was born in the old parson- age which stood on Walcott street. He was married in 187S to Nora, daughter of Charles A. Leonard, who survives him. Three children were born to them, of whom two are living, a son and a daughter. BLODOETT, William Winthrop, the third child nf Ivly and lu'ne lilodgett, was born in Randolj)h, Vt., July S, i,S24. He attended the Orange county grammar school of his native town, and completed his education in Rurling- ton at the University of \'ermont, from which he was graduated in 1847. He read law with Judge Isaac H. Redfield, was admitted to the bar in 1850, and at once commenced the practice of law in I'awtucket, Mass. He represented Pawtucket in the lower hou.se of the Massachusetts legislature in 1859-60, and was the first senator from Pawtucket in the Rhode Island legislature after the adjustment of the state boundary line in 1862. Since then at various times he has represented Pawtucket for twenty years in the lower house of the Rhode Island legislature. He has been judge of the Pawtucket Probate Court for the past 25 years, is commissioner of insolvency for Massachusetts, and is a Rhode Island bank commissioner. Judge Blodgett is an attendant of St. Paul's Episcopal church. Oct. y. 1855, he was married to vSalome W. Kinsley of Pawtucket, by which union there seven child- ren, Ellen Hobart, b. Jul\- ,^0, 1856; Edward Wilkinson, b. Sept. 27, 1857; William Con.stan- tine ; Lloyd Morton, b. Feb. 23, 1863; John, b. April 15, 1867; Chaunce\- Ha>-den, b. March 23, 1870; and Kinsle\-, b. h'eb 3, 1874. BOARDHAN, William Howard, the son of James and Iili/.al)eth (Howard) Boardman, was born in Lincoln, R. I. Aug 9, 1862, and is of luiglish descent, his ])arenls having come to America in iSs'>. He obtained his education in the Lonsdale ])ublic schools. When 17 years old he went to work in the drug store of A. L. Calder, 16,^ Westminster street, Providence, where he remained for nine years, and by study and experience became a first-class pharmacist. May 13, 1889, he purchased from H. \\'. Porter 6c Co., the drug store at 1661 Lonsdale avenue, which he has since successfully conducted. By attending to all the details of his business, and catering to local wants, he has developed the business much beyond its original proportions. Mr. Boardman is an enthusiastic sportsman, is a WILLIAM H. BOARDMAN, DRUGGIST. LONSDALE. good shot and knows how to handle a rod. He is a Republican in ])olitics. He is genial and companionable and belongs to many societies, among which are: ITnion Lodge, No. 10, A. F. and .\. M.; Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter, Xo. 4; Pawtucket Council, No. 2, R. and S. Masters; Holy Sepulchre Commandery, No. 8; Palestine Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., Provi- dence, R. I. Sept. 30, 1885, he was married to Maud Rouse Eastwood, daughter of Eastwood ICastwood of Central Falls, and they have two children: Ethel E., b. June 26, 1887, d. Aug. 254 I LI,rSTRAT]';i) HISTORY OF rAWTUCKI'T. 26, i8S(): ami Ivistwuod Howard, 1). Oct. 5. 1889. BORDEN, Frank H., Hk- second child of Aljihciis and Hannah \V. (Cohvell) Borden, was born in Pawtncket, April 18, 1S63. He went lo school nntil he was fifteen years old, when he went to work in the dry j;oods house of Small & Harley as a clerk. He continued in that capacity throusi^h the various chan>^es of the firm, but upon the incorporation of the I)a\id Harley Co, in 1S93, he was elected secretar\- and still holds that position. Mr. Borden is a scion of the well-known Fall River faniil\- of manufacturers, and his father was born in that city. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Park Place Congregational church, belongs to the (k)od F'ellows, and is a Knight of Pythias. June 6, iSSS, he was mar ried to Mary E. B.acon of Pawtucket. BOURNE, Arthur Orville, the fourth child of Henry Or\-ille and Jane Ma.son (Case) Bourne, was born in Pawtucket, March 20, 1871. He attended the grannnar and high schools until he was 17 years old, when he became a clerk in the store of George C. Peck. His clo.se appli- cation to business and his intelligent compre- hension of the matters intrusted to his care soon attracted the attention of his employer and on May I, 1894, he was admitted as a partner, ARTHUR O. BOURNE, OF GEO. C. PECK 4 CO under the firm name of (ieorge C. Peck it Co. Mr. I'.ourne's ancestors lived for man\- genera- tions in Rehoboth and Seekonk. His grand- father, .\lmond ()r\-ille Bourne, was born May 4, 1809, in Rehoboth : his grandmother, Char- lotte Delia Fitts, was l)orn Jan. 9, i .s i i in See- konk: his father was born in Seekonk, April ;-,. 1S33, and his mother was born in the same place March i,-\. 1841. In jiolitics Mr, lioiirne is a Republican, He attends the Park Place C(Higregational church. BOWEN, Charles Artemus, fifth chikl of Reuben and .Sarah .\nn (Cicorge) Bowen, was born in Rehoboth, Mass., Aj)ril 10, i.S4,S. He went to school until he was eighteen years old and then followed the occupation of a farmer until he attained his 29th \ear. In iS,S6 he joined his brothers-in-law, Leroy Iv, and Nathan Bowen, as a partner in the firm of P)Owen Bros., wholesale and commission merchants in hay, grain and produce, at Nos. 35 to 39 Broadway, Pawtucket, and has since continued in that firm and business. Mr. Bowen's father was born in Rehoboth, Oct. 15, 1812 ; and his mother was born in W'rentham, Mass. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the F'irst Bap- tist church. March, 1870, he was married to Nancy P. Bowen of Rehoboth, b}- which union there are four children : (irace Amelia, b. Dec. 26, 1872, d. Dec. 2, 1S85: Jessie May, b. Sept. 9, 1874; Ethel Louise, b. Dec. i, 1877: Louis Mason, b. July 25, 1880, d. Fel). 10, 1895, His wife was born March 3. 1852. BOWEN, Edward S., son of Clovis II. and Nancy W. (Steere) Bowen, was born May 9, 1850, in the village of Chepachet, town of (jIo- ce.ster, R. I. He attended the public schools until he was fifteen years old and then took a year's course in the Suffield Literary Institution, vSuffield, Conn. His first occupation was as bookkeeper at the Glen River woolen mills, Pascoag, R, I., where he continued two years. He then came to Pawtucket, went to work for vSmith Grant i.\: Co., and has continued with that firm and its successor the Newell Coal ', but in 1846 he associated himself with Alexander King under the firm name of Briggs & King, dealers in cotton waste, on the corner of Exchange and Depot .streets. In 1848 Mr. King retired, when Mr. Briggs's brother Russell entered into partnenship with him, and the firm name became H. A. Briggs iV Co. Russell Briggs died in 1868, but the old firm name has since been retained. Mr. Briggs was a man of indefatigable energy- and perseverance, and through his foresight and persi.stent indus- tr}- became wealthy. He was straightforward in all his dealings and was a man of sterling integrity and honestj-. He died in Germany in 1877, aged 64. His son, Hiram A., was educa- ted at the Church Hill school, Pawtucket, at the Barre Academy, Barre, \'l., and took a commercial course at Scliolfield's Commercial College in Providence. For four years, begin- ning Ma\' I, i860, he acted as clerk in his father's office at a salary of $5.00 per week, but his board only cost $2.50. In 1S64 he was admitted into the business as a partner with one- fourth interest. From the income thus derived, he purchased a half interest with his father. Shortlv after his father's death he became sole owner, and has since conducted the business alone. He is a member of the Business Men's Association, a director of the Pacific Bank, and is a director and member of the executive com- mittee of the American Yarn Manufacturing Co. He has attended the Fir.st Universalist church for 30 years, and sensed on the board of trustees for fifteen years. Nov. i, 1865, he was married to Emilj- Glea.son Dean of Attleboro, Mass., who was born April 28, 1840, and died Feb. 20, 1883. By this union there is one child : Charles Augustus, b. Sept. 20, 1872, who is now in the office with his father. BROOKS, William James, was born in Hopeville, Conn., March i, 1836, and was the fourth child of George and Marian Hamilton (Murdock) Brooks, who came to this countrj- from Scotland early in the century. He attended school in his native town, and also in Jewett City, Conn., and Philadelphia, Pa., and com- pleted his education at the Plainfield, Conn., Academy. He was then apprenticed to a cigar manufacturer in Centerville, R. I., and worked as a journeyman until he was twent}--one years of age. In June, 1857, he enlisted for five years in the United States Army in the ordinance department at Bridesburg Arsenal, Pa., and accompanied the Utah expedition to Salt Lake City, where he participated in the Utah troubles and actively engaged in Indian warfare. He was honorably discharged, having attained the rank of sergeant. At the expiration of his time he went to California and worked in the mines, returning by Panama to Providence, where he worked at his trade for difierent con- cerns until 1 87 1, when he became foreman for .Squire Z. Phinney, the well-known cigar manu- facturer, and has continued in this capacity for the past twenty-five years. Mr. Brooks is a Repulilican. He attends St. Paul's Episcopal church, is an Odd Fellow, and is Commander of General N. A. Miles, Garrison No. 7, of Prov- idence, of the Regular Army and Navy Union. He was married to Marj- E. Blanchard of Prov- idence, May 31, 1870, and they have five child- ren: ICIlen I., b. Sept. 17, 1871 ; Marian H., b. Jan. 30, 1874; Harriet I'... b. March 29, 1876; 258 ILLUS'PRATI'D HISTORY OK PAWTCCKIvT. William P., 1). Oct. 23, 1SS2 ; Hcihtrl II., h. Nov. 14, 1SS4. BROWN, James S., the son of Sylviunis Urowii, Iiecanie one of the forenio.st inaiiufac- turers of cotton niachinerj' in the United States. He was born in the village of Pawtucket, North Providence, Dec. 23, 1802, in a low ganibrel- roofed house that stood on Quaker lane, — after- wards Pleasant .street — on the site now occupied by 42 and 44 East avenue. The house was built by Sylvanus Bnnvn, and after his tleatli came into the possession of his sou. It was moved years ago to a location on Marriu street, between Pine and (5eorge .streets, and still stands, changed in appearance. In its rear in the original location stood the little shop where the elder Brown made the patterns for Samuel .Slater's first machinery and which subsequently formed the northerly portion of the old Weeden bakerw When the bakery was remodelled, Cajit. Brown jirocured the frame of the old slio]) and rcmo\-ed it to his >ar(l. It was in tliis old house on Pleasant street that .Syl\-anus Brown died in Pawtucket, Jul\- 30, 1.S24. Philij), grandlatlier of James S., was descended from one of four bro- thers who emigrated from Wales and settled in the town of Cundierland, R. I. There they engaged in mining coal and iron ore, and the l>usiness was inherited l>\ Pliilip and carried on by him until his death, when it was abandoned. The site of one of the furnaces was near the ])res- ent gate house of the Pawtucket water works at the mouth of the Abbott Run, and in exca- vating tor the foundation of that structure a number of the timl)ers of the old furnace were exhumed. James went to school in North Providence until he was fifteen years of age, when he entered the employ of David Wilkinson, whose nuuhine shop was then in the basement of the O/.iel Wilkin.son stone mill, rear of Mill .street. He learned the business of pattern-making, luuing during his school vacations assisted his father on that branch of woodwork. In 1.^19 he went to work in the machine shop of Pitcher & Oay, which was started in 1S13, on Main streets on or near the site of the " New mill " and afterwards removed to the " Stone mill " on the opjjosite side of the river, and subsequently to the adjoin- ing "Yellow" now the "Bridge mill. " It was then the largest coni-ern of its kind in the place. .Mr. Cay retired in 1S24 and Mr. Brown suc- ceeded to his place and interest in the firm, the name being changed to Pitcher & Brown. In 1842 Mr. Brown purchased his partner's interest and continued business on the same ])remises until 1850. The slide rest used on turning lathes by which the height of the tool can be adjusted while the lathe is in motion, was invented by Mr. Brown while in the employ of Pitcher & Gay, in 1820. In 1830 he invented a machine for cutting bevel gears. In 1838 he patented a machine for boring the i)assage for roving through the arm of the long flyer roving ma- chine, and in 1842 his lathe for longitudinally- turning bodies of irregular forms was patented. After the introduction of the celebrated Sharp & Roberts patent self-acting mule into this countrs-, Mr. Brown turned his attention to their manufacture, and in building these machines ac([uired a re])ulation second to no machinist in the United .States. These mules were first introduced into the Ihiited .States b\- Major Bradford Durfee, of Fall River, Ma.ss., in the year 1839-40. Major Durfee was the agent of the Aiuiawan cotton mill at Fall River, and \isited iMirope on business connected with this company. While in Ivngland he purchased of .Sharp & Roberts six of their nuile head stocks. They were shipped to some port in F' ranee, whence they were reshipped to this country and forwarded to Mr. Durfee at Fall River. P'rom F'all River they were sent to Pitcher & Brown at Pawtucket, who put them together and the\- were successfully operated in the mills in P'all Ri\er. The finst .Sharp & Roberts self-operating mules made in this countr\- were built by Pitcher cK: Brown for S. B. & H. Chace, ol Yalley Falls. Mr. Brown ajiplied himself with great diligence to ])erfecting and simplifying the work on this nuile invention, making man\ new and ingeni- ous tools for the purpo.se. The castings used b\- him in his works were ]irocured from the foundr\- of (leueral .Shepanl I- were not what manufacturers of cotton wanted, and that the American long- fl\er roN'ing machine could be rendered far superior to the English fly-frame. He turned his attention to the improvement of the Ameri- can speeder. Alter careful study and many experiments, he succeeded in accomiilishing the desired resuU, and took out a jiatent for his inipnixemenl in January, 1857. The result Inllv xerilied the correctness of his opinion. Almost hum the time that he took out his ])alent for his imjirovements, the demands of manufacturers compelled him to abandon the building of mules, and to turn the whole force of his shop to the coiistruction of his patent speeder. Mr. Brown's improved lathe for longitudinalh turning bodies of irregular forms was designed for making cotton machinery rolls, but after the outbreak of the war it was found to be well adapted for the manufacture of mus- kets. As a result, during the war his large establishment was engaged in making tools and machines for turning gun-barrels, giving emplo\-- ment to about 300 men. Subsequent to 1862 Mr. Brown built the machines for the American File Works and put them in succe.ssful operation. He also invented a machine for grinding file-blanks, and a furnace for hardening files. After the close of the war, he manufactured the so-called Parke, Curtis & Madley mule, an English machine, which met with much favor among manufacturers. In this mule he made important and valuable improve- ments for which he .secured patents. In the latter part of his life he was much interested in the manufacture of malleable iron, for which he constructed a foundry near his machine shop, at great expense. When Mr. Brown was about six years old he met with an accident which nearly destroyed the sight of one eye. About 1874 his unim- paired eye became affected and he underwent a useless operation towards its improvement. But the eye injured when a youth, strange to saj", allowed him to dimly distinguish forms and night from da\'. It is thought that the intense heat encountered daily in this malleable iron furnace was the cause of his final blindne.ss, as he would remain for hours with the strong white heat from the furnace thrown full upon his optics. He enjoyed, till near the end of his life, the most robust health, which had never been impaired by luxurious indulgence or foolish excesses, anil he died Dec. 29, 1879, at the age of 77. Mr. Brown was energetic, prudent, indus- trious and iierlectly temperate. His tools and nuuliineix were built regardless of cost, to do good work. He was not a public man. He did 26o ILLUSTRATlCD n I STORY OP I'AWTUC K HT. not seek or acce])t any kind of ]iul)lic offici.'. He had enligliteiifd views and positisx- opinions upon all questions of political, social and moral interest ; but was not given to intermeddling; in the management of affairs outside of his domes- tic and business relations. He was kind-hearted and between him and man>' of his old em]iloyees there existed tender and liarnionious relations. ICschewinu- entirely politii-al and jmblic prefer- ment he devoted himself wIkiIIn l- who owned the old house on the corner of Main and WMng .streets. They li\ed in the old house on Pleasant street until i^.vS, when they re- moved to the new mansion house on Walcott street, then iust completed. Here Mr. Brown resided the rest of liis life. Three of his child- ren were born in the old house: Agnes (who died Noung), .\bb\ O. (Mrs. Thomas K. King), and Mar\ 1). (Mrs. Charles A. Warland), and James the onl\ son and youngest child was born in the house on Walcott street. BROWN, James, son of James S., and grandson of S\ Kanus Brown, was born in Paw- tucket, Mass., Dec. iS, i.S^S, in his father's mansion house on Walcott street. He attended the i)ublic schools of Pawtucket until he was eighteen years old when he entered Lyon and P'rize's ITniversity Grannner school, Providence, from which he was graduated in 1858. He then learned to be a machinist in his father's sho]i, and continued to work there until he succeeded to the business on the death of his father in 1S79. Since then lie has carried on the large machine .shops and has followed worlhilx in the footstejjs of his father and gran- in .\nierica. The first Ameri- can Capron was Banfield, who came from England about 1674, when 14 years of age, with three other youths as stowaways. Their i)re- sence placed the captain of the vessel in a peculiar predicament as he was prohibited from carrying an\- British subjects to America unless the>- were provided with a Hcen.se permitting tliem to leave the country. He determined to return at once to port and surrender the four youths to the authorities, but upon the protest of the mate and crew concluded to proceed on the voyage. It was thus the first Capron arri\ed in New England. James Holden, the author of the genealogy ol the Ca])ron family, thinks the name French and not ICnglish, and is .supported in this view by the absence of any coat of arms or heraldic record of this family in English heraldrv. It is ])ossible that the Caprons were originally French and may have fled from that country to England during one of the then frequent periods of religious per.secution. There is no record of Banfield Caprons movements or occupation 264 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OK I'AWT U C KKT. for seventeen years after his arri\al in AiiKiita. He married the daughter of Mr. Callciiili.r at Rehoboth, Mass., and seltk-d in what is now the town of Barrington, wlic-rc he reniaincil al)(int twenty years, when lie sold his farm to a Mr. Ilnmphrey and moved into Attleboro, then a densely wooded country, where he secured a larger farm. Here he remained until his death, which occurred Aug. 20, 1752. He is described as being of medium height, .strongly built, of light complexion, with blue eyes and light hair with a reddish tinge. He retained his vitality to the last, though he lived to be 92 years of age- He was married three times ; first to the Callen- der spoken of above ; second, to Elizabeth Blackinglou of .\ttleboro. Mass., who d. Ma\' 'O' 1735 '■ third, to .Sarali, widow of Deacon John Daggett of Attleboro, Mass., Dec. 16, 17.^5. He had 12 children ; Banfield, Joseph, Edward, Walter, John, Betsey, Jonathan, Mary, Hannah, Margaret, Sarah and a daughter, name un known. The line of descent is through Banfield Jr., (2) born in Attleboro, Ma.ss., July 16, id.s^. He was married twice, first, to Hannah, daughter of Nathaniel Jenks, of Paw- tucket. R. I., and granddaughter of Governor Jenks. vShe d. 17,1!^. His .second wife was .Sarah Brown of Attleboro, Mass., whom he married in Feb. 1744. He probably moved to Rhode Island, as in the Cumberland records it is staled that he was chosen a grand juror in 174S, "to attend at ye next Inferior Court to be holden at Providence ye ,^d Tuesday of this June." He d. Aug. 16, 1752, in his 70th year. He liad 12 children, Nathaniel, Charles, Philip, 1). Feb. I, 1719-20, Benjamin, Jonathan, Han- nah, Betse>-, Lydia, Oliver, Leah, vSarah, and Elizabeth. The line of descent is through the .second child, Charles, (3) who was b. in October, 1716, was married to Mary, daughter of Jcseph Scott of Bellinghain, Mass., Dec. 16, 1742, and the ceremony was performed by his uncle, William Arnold, Justice of the Peace. He was distin- guished in public affairs and held \-ari()us ]iub- lic offices, and d. May, 9, I7'S9, in his 7,'^d \ear. He had a large family all of whom li\e(l until the youngest had attained her fiftieth >ear. The names of his children were : Hannah, b. in Bellingham, Ma.ss., Philij), Phebe, b. in Cund)erland, R. I.. Charles, Jr.. Joseph, Mary, Xathaniel, I,\dia, b. .\ug. 31, 1755, (married IClisha Bosworth ) d. 1S41, John, Jemima, and ('■race. The line of descent is throngli Pliili]), (4) second child of Charles and Mar\' ( vSeoU ) Ca]>ron, who was born at Belling- liam, Mass., Ma\' ij, 1745, married Priscilla, ilaughter of Joseph and .Mary Tillson, Nov. cS, 1772, and d. Jnl\- 27, 1S21, aged 77 years. He was the author of a most interesting hi.story of the Capron lamil\-, written in 1817 when in his 73d year. At that time he resided in Cumber- land, and died there. He had accumulated a large fortune, was a man of culture and great natural abilities, and was very active and promi- nent in public affairs, having been elected to many positions of trust, both local and state. His wife d. Nov. 2, 1S35. They had ten children : Prnsha, b. Oct. 6, 1773 ; Silas, b. May 16, 1773 : Patience, b. Ma\-, 22, 1777 ; William, b. Aug. 27, 1779; Sarah, b. Nov. 14, 1781 ; Nancy, b. Oct. 20, 17S3 ; John, b. Aug. 2, 1785; Oliver, b. April 10, 17S7 : Lemuel, b. May, 27, 1789; and vSeth, b. Aug. 24, 1791. The line of descent is through Oliver (5), eighth child of Philip and Priscilla, who was married to Silence Harding of Cumberland, R. I., May 20, 1810. They had eight children : Newton, b. March 28, 1812 Mary Ann, b. Jul\- 24, 1814, d. Aug. 29, 1843 Elias Smith, b. June 27, 1816, d. April 6, 1847 Angonette, b. Oct. 20, 1818, d. Sept. 25, 1851 Julia Ann, b. July 15, 1822, d. March 2r, 1847 LucN'lda, b. Aug. 1(1. 1825, d. Jan. 10, 1843; .Stafford Scott, b. June 13, 1826 ; and Sanford Taft, b. Oct. 14, 1828. Newton (6), the oldest son of the preced- ing, was married to Caroline Cornelia, daughter of (ieorge Allen Gilmore, and Sally Lovett Sher- bnrn. He was a mill superintendent and engaged l(n- some time in the hnnber business in the south. In 185S he was the \ictimof an accident which caused the loss ol both legs, but he sur- xived this for man\' \ears and died ( )cl. ly, 1875. (jeorge Oliver (7) the onl\ child of Newton and Caroline (Cornelia) Cai)ron, was born in P, IOC. RAP II I i: s. 265 P'ranklin, Mass., vSujil. I'l, iSsA. When he- was two years old his parents removed to Lonsdale, R. I., and there he obtained his early education. He graduated from the high school and com- pleted his .studies at Bryant & Stratton's Busi- ness College, Providence. His first occupation was in the wholesale grocery house of Whitford & Saunders in Providence, where he remained five years, leaving to accept a position in the cotton manufactory of Littlefield Bros., Paw- tucket. On the organization of the City Coal 'Co. in 1S89. he accepted the general manage- ment and still occupies that position. May 26, 1887, he was married to Annie Walton, daugh- ter of E. S. Mason of Pawtucket, by which union there are two children, Edith Mason, b. Dec. 7, 188S, and PMmund Bishop, 1). Sept. 21, 1S94. CARPENTER, Everett Payson, the second son of Sumner and Mary Ann ((Toodhue) Car- penter, was born in Pawtucket, R. I., June 16, 1S34, and was educated in the public .schools. When fifteen years of age he began to learn the jewelers' trade, but the acids used for soldering injured his eyes, so that he was obliged to abandon it. When 18 years of age he engaged as a clerk in the house furnishing establishment of C. M. Hubbard & Co., of Manchester, N. H. With the experience thus obtained he returned to Pawtucket and in 1858 established him- self in business in a small wa>- in compan\' with Jesse Cudworth, under the name of Cudworth, Carpenter & Co., in the Carrique and Allen building on the east side of the river. The building is still standing on Main street and is used by the Dexter Yarn Co. for storing cotton. His entire .stock was not valued at more than $10,000, if so much, and the floor space required to display his goods was 12,000 square feet. The amount of busi- ness transacted annually was $25,000. This is a good showing when the population and sur- roundings are considered, but compared with the mammoth establishment of to-day it sinks into utter insignificance. The amount of floor space at present required in displaj' of goods is more than one acre and the cash value of the business annuall>- amounts to $175,000. In iS6y, when Mr. Car])enter's brother Herbert S. was admitted to partnership, the firm name was changed to the present title of E. P. Carpenter Co. The house is now the largest in its line in Pawtucket as an emporium for all kinds of house furnishing goods, and will com- ])are favorably with similar establishments in the large cities. Mr. Carpenter is a director in the Pacific National Bank. He has been a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association since its organization. For many years he has been a member of the First Baptist church, is treasurer of the Pawtucket Dispensary, and occupies many inijiortant positions in connection with church work. Oct. 4, 1855, he was married to Sarah J. Smith of Manchester, N. H., and they have had three children, Edward Judson, Burnside Lin- coln, and Frank Everett, who all died in infanc\-. The Carpenter family is one of the oldest in New England, and traces its ancestr}' in America back to 1638, to William Carpenter, one of the first settlers of Rehoboth. Many of Everett P.'s forefathers are buried in the Mineral Spring cemeter}-, Pawtucket, and in the old Seekonk graveyard. CARPENTER, Qeorge Ansel, the city engineer of Pawtucket, is a descemlant in the ninth generation from William Carpenter, who was one of the company of people that came from Weymouth, Mass., in 1644 with the Rev. vSamuel Newman and settled Rehoboth. This William Carpenter was not, however, the head of the family at that time, as he with his wife Abigail and four children and his father, also named William, had come from England in the ship Bevis in 1638 and .settled in Weymouth. The family has always been prominent in Rehoboth and Attleboro, and man\- of its mem- bers have attained distinction in state and national affairs. The line of descent to George .\. is: William, the son of the first settler of Rehoboth, his son Nathaniel and grandson Dan, who were all born in Rehoboth. The son of the latter was Ezekiel, born in Attleboro. as were his son Dan, and his grandson Ansel. The latter was born Oct. 17. 1800. in the old homestead on the east bank of the Blaekstone 266 I I.LrSTkATl' I) HISTORY O I' I'AW T T C K ICT GEORGE A. CARPENTER, CITY ENGINEER, PAWTUCKET. river, whicli still stands near the site now occupied !)>• tile Home Bleach iN: I)\e Works, within tlie limits of the town of Attleboro. He was town s(.-ri;eant of the towns of North Provi- dence ans Randall, b. July .s, i .S.S9 ; and Margaret All\n. b. Feb. i, 1S95. .Mr. Carjien- ter is a member of various Masonic bodies and of the Boston Society of Civil P^ngineers. CARPENTER, Isaac B., was born in Paw tucket, Nov. I, 1866, and is the son of William S. and Lydia (Leonard) Carpenter. The Car- jienter famih- is one of the oldest in this country, and the founder of this branch came to America in 1650. Isaac attended the public schools of Pawtucket until he was 14 years of age. He then worked for the L\'ons Delany Co. for six months, after which he was an operator for the Providence Telephone Co. for four years. At the end of that time he became inspector at the Pawtucket Telephone Exchange, continued as such for five years, and in 1894 was promoted to be manager. The Pawtucket exchange was established in 1S76; at jiresent its territory extends to Woonsocket. When Mr, Carpenter began his work as inspector in Pawtncket there were only 200 subscribers, but from that time the\' increased continu(nisl\- until on Jul\' i, 1896, the number was 701. The tele])h(ine office is at present at 210 Main .street, but the company is now erecting a commodious building on High street, specially designed for the business, and it will be furnished and ready for occupancy early in the .spring of 1897. Mr. Carpenter is an enthusiastic Republican. He is a Free Mason, and also an Odd Fellow. He is an alert, active jniblic-spirited young man, with safe and con- servative instincts, and is certain to make his influence felt in the future. CARPENTER, Charles Edmund, a member of the well known firm of architects, >Stone, Carpenter & Willson, Providence, was born in Pawtucket, Ma.ss., May i, 1845, the son of Asa !•). Carpenter and Hetty A. (Arnold) Carpenter, and a lineal descendant of William Carpenter who came to this country from Ivngland in 1638 in the ship " lie\is." His early education was obtained in the public schools of Pawtucket, and after leaving the high school he entered the lUOC. k A I'H I ICS. 267 office of William vS. Haines, ci\-il engineer, with the intention of adopting); that profe.ssion. After three years in this pursuit he believed that the profession of architecture would better suit his tastes, and he commenced its study, entering- the office of Alfred vStone in March, 1868, as draughtsman. In this profession he made such progress that in i8-^ he was admit- ted to partnership, the firm name being Stone &: Carpenter. About this time he was elected a F'ellow of the American In.stitute of Architects, of which body he is still a member. He has spent much time in luuope in the study of its architecture. In 1883 Edmund R. Willson became a partner and the style was changed to Stone, Caipenter & Willson, who are now con- sidered the leading architects in Rhode Island. The firm has designed some of the finest public buildings and business blocks in Provi- dence and elsewhere in Rhode Island, as well as in other states. Among these buildings are the Rhode Island State Prison and State Almshou.se : the Pettaconsett and Hope Pumping Stations, Providence water works ; Providence County Court House, Hotel Dorrance. Providence Tele- phone building, Gj-mnasium and Slater halls at Brown University, Industrial Trust building, Lauderdale building, Francis building, Central Police Station, Union Railroad Station, Provi- dence Public Library, Providence Institution for Savings, and many others in Providence and vicinity. In Pawtucket the Music Hall build- ing, Pacific National Bank building, Wheaton building, and many of the finest residences have been built from the firm's designs. In 1862, while yet a pupil in the Pawtucket high school, Mr. Carpenter with a luimber of his schoolfellows enlisted in Co. H. gtli Regiment, Rhode Island Volunteers, recruited principally from the Pawtucket Light Guard, and went to the front under the command of Capt. Henry P'. Jenks, .serving the three months term of enlist- meiU. lie is a member of the Providence Art Clul), and the To Kalon Club of Pawtucket. In 1894 he married Eudora C. Sheldon, daughter of Gilbert Sheldon of Providence. CARROLL, Hugh, J., is of the second gen- eration of his family in America. His father, Hugh Carroll, came from Ireland to America in 1832, but then remained only a short time. He returned in 1849 and settled in Warwick, R. I. Hugh J. was born in the village of Lippitt, Oct. 29, 1854, and was the eleventh child of Hugh and Ann (Mclilhaney) Carroll. He attended the public schools, studied in Niagara College, N. Y., and completed his education at St. Laurent College, P. Q., Canada. He read law in the office of Sayles & Green of Provi- dence, and was admitted to the bar August 27, 1877. He commenced jiractice in Pawtucket the following year. In public affairs Mr. Car roll has taken an active and prominent part. He has served the city and state in various capaci- ties. He was town solicitor and served .several terms in the lower house of the state legislature, during which time he introduced and secured the passage of the ten-hour bill. In 1889 he was elected maj'or of Pawtucket and his admin- istration was characterized by efficiency and progressiveness. He was active in promoting the celebration of the Cotton Centennial in 1890, and .secured appropriations amounting to $23,000 from the state and cit\- for that purpose. He advocated improvements, and during his admin- istration Walcott street was opened, widened and extended to the plains, greatly facilitating connnunication with the center of the city. Among other improvements which he urged (some of which have been made) was the widen- ing of Main .street and the bridge (which will soon be accomplished), lengthening Division street by bridging Hammond's pond, and ex- tending the street car system, making much better connections with the east side of the city, improving Pawtucket avenue to the city line and the widening of Broad street at the railroad crossing. He also advocated the erection of a new city hall. He has wielded a large influence on the policy of the Democratic party in this state, having .ser\-ed for 19 years on the state central connnittee, two years of which he was chairman. Mr. Carroll is a member of the Catholic Knights and of the Seekonk Club. Ma>' 10, 1880, he was married to Sarah M. Warburton, of Pheni-K, K. I., by which union there are four children. Bertha, Alice, Sarah and Ann. 26S I I, LUSTRA 'PI', I) HISTORY ( ) !• 1' AW '1' T C K !• CASE, Samuel Otterson, Jr., was bdiii in the town of Rehoboth, Mass., Dec. J4, iS;,j, ami i.s the son of Saimiel O. and Sarah ( Hicks) Case. He moved with his parents to Seekonk, Mass., in 1836. At the age of fifteen he learned to be a mason with his father at East l'ro\i- dence, R. I., in what was then Seekonk. When eighteen years old he became a clerk at Lebanon village, in a grocery and dry goods store con ducted by his lather, and continued in that place and occupation lor three years. In 1S54 he returned to Seekonk, and worked at his trade for a short time. He then returned to Lebanon and opened a store on his own account as a dealer in general groceries, flour and grain. Success attended his endeavors, and he has ever since continued to transact the ])rincipal business of the locality in these lines. Indeed his store is a centre of supply for a wide radius of farming country in Seekonk, Rehoboth and Pawtucket. For nine years Mr. Case was a deputy sheriff in Bristol County, Mass., and has held many minor ofTfices in the town ol Seekonk, Mass. In the spring of 1853 he married Harriet K., the only daughter of Daniel B. and Hannah Cooper of Seekonk. His father, who was born in Rehoboth, Dec. 25, 1807, is still living, hale and hearty. His mother, also born in Rehoboth, May i, 1808, died in 1891. CATTANACH, Donald D., artist, inventor and chemist, son of Duncan and Mar>- (Mac- donald) Cattanach, came to this country in the 18th year of his age. He was born in the High- lands of Scotland, and spent his childhood there, obtaining his primary education in the .schools of his native land. At the age of twehe years he was .sent to London to finish his edu- cation. The Cattanach family is one of the mo.st noted in the history of the Scottish High- lands. Upon his father's side Donald I), is a lineal descendant of "The Cattanach," "Cat of the Mountain," an independent Scottish chief of valor and renown of the Clan Chattan, — and on his mother's side is a descendant of the chief of the Camerons of Lochiel. His mother's ancestor was Macdonald, chief of the Clan Glengarry, who was ca])tured at the battle of Culloden in 1746, and with many others of the defeated arm\- was afterwards executed. After completing his academic studies in London, Mr. Cattanach began life as a chemist, and at once de\-elo])ed great inventive abilitw .\s a chemist he holds high rank, having studied and exjierimented in every branch of the science of chemistry. Hefore leaving Lon- don he in\enlcd a continuous process for the manufacture of ])yroligneous acid, wood spirit, creosote and carbon for i;uni>o\\dei'. This ])ro- cess he brought to the I'uited .States in 1S55 and sold to a man in (leorgia. He then began the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid for the embo.ssing and decorating of glass, and devel- oped this branch of indu.stry very extensively. .At the beginning of the late cixil war Mr. Cattanach was employed by the niendiers of the .Marine Artillery of Providence to instruct them in the tactics of cavalry. He excelled as a swordsman, having received a military education at a school near London, it being intended that he should enter the army, but being naturally inclined to the arts he preferred coming to this country in order to follow his favorite pursuits. For a number of years Mr. Cattanach car- ried on the largest decorative business in New England. He decorated several of the churches in Pawtucket and Providence and in other towns of the state. Many private dwellings also bear testimonj- to his artistic abilit\ . The designs and colors were his own, and the latter possess a durability not achieved b\- an\- one else. A very valuable in\ention which Mr. Cattanach has perfected, is an apparatus for the manufacture of chemically pure acetic acid for the arts and for culinary purpo.ses, also for the manufacture of hydrocaulous and for the dis- tillation and purification of water and other fluids, and for other valuable purposes. .Among his other in\enlions is an improved furnace which will i^ixe the same amount of heat with one third of the coal required by ordiuarx furnaces, and it also consumes its own smoke. Equally \aluable with the invention ol the apparatus for the nuinufacture of acids is that for the manu- facture of a substitute for leather in its various uses, the most valuable of which is as a cover- ing lor top rolls in the art of cotton spinning. 270 I L LUST RAT I'D HISTORY 1< P AWTU C Klv T. Mr. Cattaiiach has also invented u ik\v s\ stem of filtration which is superior to any now in vogue. lie was married in 1S59 to Aeries A. Leckie, twin daughter of Hni;h and Mary (Drowne) Leckie. .Mr. Leckie was a prominent cotton manufacturer in early life in Connecticut, hut for nearly forty years carried on business in rawtntket. He was a worthy citizen and a representative of some of the noblest blood of Scotland. Mrs. Leckie was a relative of Gilbert Stuart, the famous portrait j)ainter, whose pic- ture of Washington is the accepted likeness of the " Father of his Country." Mr. Cattanach has six children, four sons : Duncan A., a graduate of Brown Universit\- now in Colorado ; John L. ; Hugh L- ; and Donald Charles A. ; who are engaged with their father in the man- agement of the laboratories and works at Ingra- hamville; and two daughters, Mary A., and Anna V. S. Cattanach. CHALK, Henry J., the only child of John and Mary (Corbett) Chalk, was born in Woon- socket, R. I., April 5, 1868. He went to school until he was fourteen A-ears old, and then worked on a farm for some years. He then learned the most important part of the tailoring trade, the art of garment cutting, with R. V. Woods of Pawtucket, and at the age of eighteen went to work in the capacit)- of a cutter for Ma.x Feder, the tailor. He remained in this situ- ation three years, and then worked for John A. O'Neill as manager and cutter for seven }'ears. In 1895 he bought out Mr. O'Neill and carried on the busine.ss until March, 1896. Aug. 10, 1896, he opened his present establishment, the Pawtucket Pre.ssing and Tailoring Co., room 3, Payne building, Railroad avenue, Pawtucket, where he has developed a good business. Mr. Chalk is a member of Delany Council, Knights of Columbus. He was married to Alice Jenks, Nov. 27, 1895. CLAPP, Bela P., was born in Westhamp- ton, Mass., May 24, 1830, and is the eighth child of Bela P. and Cynthia (Carr) Cla])]). He obtained his education in the public schools of Chesterfield and Williamsburg, Mass. In his 19th year he went to Providence, to learn the drug business, but in 1854 came to Paw- tucket and purcha.sed the drug store located at iSi Main street. While conducting this busi- ness he became interested in a process for extracting anunonia from the aninioniacal waters of gas works, and after man\- experiments succeeding in perfecting a method which is now universally known as the Cla])p process. He at once dispo.sed of the drug busine.ss and devoted his entire time to the manufacture of anunonia. His product is famous all over the world and is used in every country. In iS.Sg the business was incorporated under the name of the B. P. Clapp Ammonia Co., antl Mr. Clapp was elected general manager, with the principal oiTice in New York, and the main works are on River street, Pawtucket. The company has liranch establishments at Cincinnati, Ohio, Louis\'ille, Ky., St. Louis and Kansas City, Mo., Bayonne, N. J., Washington. I). C. and also in I^ondon, luigland. Mr. Clapp is a Republican. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic Order. In 1S56 lie was married to Eliza M. Hopkins of Coventr\-, R. I., b\' which union there was no issue ; she died in i860. In 1863 he was married to Sarah A. Hopkins of Coventry, R. I., by which union there are four children: Bela C, b. Aug. 4, 1865, night editor of the New York Journal of Commerce ; Ralph R., b. Nov. 22, 1867, now in charge of the branch house in London, Eng- land : Edith L., b. Jan. 17, 1871, married Lincoln C. Heywood of Pawtucket ; and vSanuiel H., b. Sept. 18, 1876. The American ancestor of the Clapp family was Roger Clapp, born in Ivngland in 1609. He came to this country- in the ship " Mary and John," landing at Nantasket, Ma.ss., May 30, 1630. He was captain ot " The Castle," now Fort Independence, in Boston Harbor, and received /50 per year as salary. In 1633 he was married to Johanna Ford, a fellow passen- ger on the " Mar\- and John," and they had 15 children. Their tombstones may be seen in King's chapel burying ground on Tremont street, Boston, slill in a state of fair preser\-a- tion. The Pawtucket Clapps descend from Preserved Cla])]i, a son of Roger, who settled in Northampton, Mass., in 1663. Bela P. Clapp, BIOGRAPHIES. 271 the father of the present Bela P., was 1)nrn in Westhanipton, Mass., Nov. 6, 1792. In early life he was a merchant, but in his last years a farmer. For many years he was a representative in the Massachusetts legislature. He was town clerk of the town of Westhanipton, justice of the peace, one of the selectmen, and occupied other positions of honor, tru.st and responsibility. His father's name was Sylvanus, who was born in Northampton, Mass., in 1764, and settled as a farmer in Westhanipton. He was of the fourth generation from Roger Clapp. Up to Sylvanus Clapp's time the name was spelled with one p. Sylvanus was the son of Ebenezer, who was b. 1726 ; Ebenezer was the son of Samuel, b. 1677; Samuel ,- was the son of Preserved, b. in if'43. ;iiid Preserved was the son of Roger who was b. I in England, April 6, 1609. ' Mr. Clapp's mother, who was j ^ b. in Stonington, Conn., in 1793, descends from a family ^ equally as old as his father's. ^ Robert Carr, her ancestor, .-'- purchased Conanicut Island in Narragansett Bay, R. I., from the Indians in 1635, the year in which he arrived in this country from London. CLARK, John H., the sou of Philip and Catharine Clark, w'as born in 1843 in one of the most romantic and beautiful regions in Ireland, between Castle Blarney and Ballabay. The Clark family lived for many generations in County Monag- han, Ireland, and the first of the name is said to have settled there at the time that the Sassenach, the Anglo Saxon invaders, conquered the Green Isle. John's father was a farmer, and emigrated in 1849 to this country with his family. He came first to Providence, but in 1850 removed to Pawtucket, and went to work as a mason. John received his education ill the Pawtucket public schools and then worked in succession in the LeFavour mills, Paw^tucket, and the \'allev Falls cotton mills. But the life J. ERNST CLARNER, FOREMAN DYER, J. A P. COATS. LI of an operative was not congenial to him, .so he began to look around for a w-ider field, where his opportunities for advancement w'ould be greater. In pursuance of this desire he learned the machini.st trade with Easton & Burnhani. He then worked for J. K. Mallory as a spool maker, and held several other positions in .spool shops. He was in the employ of Weatherhead & Thompson for several months. In September, 1 87 1, having saved .some tnone}-, he opened a dry goods store on Central street, Central Falls. He succeeded beyond his expectations and soon after moved into larger quarters in J. G. Fales' block. He made and saved money rapidly, and in 1883 bought the Walcott estate on Main .street, Paw- tucket, and moved his store into it. He raised the build- ing, put on three additions and largely increased the I business, by his shrew'dness, enterprise and foresight. By the.se means he accumulated considerable property. In 1889 he .sold out the business to Radikin, Coonej- & Forbes, and since then has spent his time in looking after his real estate interests, which are extensive. He lives a quiet retired life. In 1893 he made a tour of Europe, and visited ED. the place of his birth in Ire- land. Mr. Clark is a member Mary's church. In 1871 he was married F. Carland of Ph'inouth, Mass., and of St. to Ellen the}^ have had six children, three of whom are living, namely, Mary E., William J. and Arthur J. Those deceased were Patrick J., John H., Jr., and Philip. CLARNER, John Ernst, was born Feb. 12, 1827, in Kirchenlamitz, Bavaria, Germany. His male relatives for several generations were dyers. In 1848 he joined the revolutionists and in consequence emigrated to America in 1849, but was wrecked on the banks of New- foundland, and arri\ed in New York with nothing but the clothing he wore and his 272 ILLUvSTRATlvI) IIISTOUV () I" I'AWTl'CKIvT. guitar. Ik' was the second Ocrmaii to becoiiK- a resident of Pawtucket. In US50 he became foreman dyer in Samuel Merry's dyeliouse and remained there fourteen years. In 1S67 he went to Greene & Daniels as bleacher and dyer, remained there ten years; and in 1877 became foreman dyer for the Conant Thread Co., now J. & P. Coats, (Limited), which position he stills holds. .Mr. Clarner's general characteristics are a love of his jirofession and music. As he left his countrs' on account of political troubles he has always been greatly interested in sound government in America. He has always .stood firm as a Republican and a temperance advocate. In 1856 he was naturalized, and was married the same year, June 26, to Caroline Soule Weeden, the second daughter of John H. Weeden, Esq. COKELY, George W., was born in Provi- dence, R. I., July 20, 1868, received his edu- cation in the public schools, and then in Mowry & Goff's English and Classical school, where he obtained the foundation of a good business training. His first occupation was as clerk for Frank A. Rhodes, cotton goods and print cloth broker, in which position he remained two years. He then engaged in the bicycle business, and traveled exten- sively throughout the country as salesman for some of the leading concerns. April, 1S95, in partnership with H. A. Monroe, he estab- lished the firm of Cokely, Monroe & Co., and opened a large bicycle and sporting goods store in the Payne block. Railroad avenue, Pawtucket. He retired from this firm, and engaged with the Congdon-Carpenter Co., of Providence, in Nov. 1895, as the manager of the new bicycle depart- ment which was opened on the ground floor of the Industrial Trust Company's building, corner of Ivxchange place and Exchange .street, Feb- ruary, 1896. Under Mr. Cokely's capable direction a large business has been developed. Mr. Cokeh- is the .son of John H. and Sarah J. (Kelton) Cokely. His father was born in Providence, April 5, 1836, was a com- missioned officer in the Union army during the war of the rebellion, and was attached to tlie recruiting office at Boston, Mass.. and the provcst marshal's office in Providence, R. I. .\t tin- close of the war he became a successful and ]>i)pular detective. He died at Providence, l'"eb. 28, 1891. Mr. Cokely's mother was born in Rehoboth, Mass., Oct. 6, 1S42. Her father, luhvard L. Kelton, was a successful mason and building contractor and resided in Pawtucket from 1S42 to 1846. Mr. Cokely attends the Union P)a])tist church of Providence. He is a Republican in jjolitics, is a mendjer of the Providence Athletic Association, the Narragansett Boat Club, and of the Pawtucket Cycle Club. COLE, Henry S., the survi\-ing partner of Cole Bros., stationary engine and cotton ma- chinery manufacturers, was born in that part of Seekonk, Mass., which is now I'^ast Provi- dence, in 1837. The Cole famil>' were among the early settlers of Rehoboth, and various branches of it have resided in that town and in Seekonk for many generations. Some of the Coles took part in the revolutionary war. Henry vS. obtained his education in the pidilic .schools of his native town, and at an early age was apprenticed to the machinist trade w-ith the Corli.ss Steam iMigine Co., Providence, with which concern he remained several years as a journe\inan. He then came to Pawtucket in 1858 and in company with his brother, Edward R. Cole, started a general machine .shop, under the firm name of Cole Bros. They made cotton machinery and did general repairing. In 1864 they began to construct .steam fire engines. For many years they turned out these machines, and their engines are still in use in many of the best equipped fire departments of the country. This branch of the business has, however, now been discontinued, but steam fire engines are occa- sionally sent to the shops to be repaired. The firm now makes automatic banding machines for spinning frame bands, beaming and chaining nuichines, stationary steam engines, and builds special machinery to order. The shops, at the corner of Main and Bayley streets, have been occupied by the firm for more than thirty years. .Since the death of lulward, May 28, 1877, the business has been conducted by Henry S., under the old name. In jiolitics Mr. Cole is a Republican. He attends the First Baptist BIOGRAPHIIiS. church, and belongs to the following- societies : Union Lodge of Masons, Ro\al Arch Chapter, Holy Sepulchre Coniniandery, and is a member of the Masonic Consi.story. He was married in East Providence to Olive A. Lawton, and they have three chil- dren : Amy B., Annie L. and H. Herbert, all born in Pawtucket. vSimeon Daggett, the maternal grandfather of Mr. Cole, was a prominent citizen in vSeekonk, Mass. He was the builder of the old Slater mill in Pawtucket, and put into its wheel pit the first improved water wheel ever jnit in operation in America. He erected many buildings and a majority of the frr.st mills in Pawtucket. As a mill builder he was a thoroughly practical man, as he designed and erected the buildings, placed the machinery, and built the dams and trenches. He was a friend and a.ssociate of Samuel Slater and was interested with him in many undertakings. Edward R. Cole, Mr. Cole's paternal grandfather, was a sea-captain and sailed for Brown & I\es of Providence. Mr. Cole has i in his possession an oil por- trait of his grandfather painted in China by a native artist. Mr. Cole's father, Hammond Cole, was born in Seekonk ; for years he was a mechanic at the Corliss Steam Engine Co., Providence, but in his later life was connected with his sons in the Pawtucket shop. He died Jan. 3, 1891. ^73 WILLIAM W. COLLINS, i * JOSEPH W. COLLINS, = COLLINS BROS., MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS. COLLINS, William Wright, was born at Ashton-under- Lyne, England, Oct. 19, 1S24, and died at Pawtucket, Feb. 14, 189^. His maternal grand- uncle, William Wright, was one of the fir.st cotton manu- facturers in Lancashire. His wife's family, the Hibberts, is one of the oldest in Lanca- shire, and one of its members. Sir John Hibbert, is a mem- ber of Parliament. Mr. Col- HENRY COLLINS, ^'"^ Came to America in 1859, OF COLLINS BBOS., MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS. aUd lU COmpailV with hlS brother, Joseph Wright Col- lins, started in 1864 a machine shop from which the present large business of his sons, the Collins Bros., was developed. He was married in 1844 to Selina Hibbert, who was born Nov. 24, 1824, and died Aug. 4, 1878. They had five children : Sarah Ann, Henry, Louisa, Esther, and Joseph Wright. Mr. Collins was a member of the Pawtucket city council for two \ears. — [See page 150 for account of business.] COLLINS, Henry, was born at Ashton-under-Lyne, March 9. 1847, and received his education in private .schools in his native city and also in the Pawtucket public schools. He .ser\-ed a three years' apprenticeship with Fales & Jenks, after which he went to work for his father and was admitted to a partner- shij) in 1882. He is a Republican, attends the Congregational church, and belongs to Jenks Lodge, No. 24, A. F. and A. M., Central Falls ; Good Samaritan Lodge, No. 8, I. O. Q. F. ; 274 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter; and Holy Sepulchre Commandery, Knights Templars. He was married Nov. 25, 1868, at Lonsdale, to Elizabeth Hollingworth of Ashton-under-Lyne. They have four children all born in Pawtucket : Charles Everett, b. Sept. 22, 1869 ; Elijah Wil- liam, b. April 1 6, 1873 ; Alice Selina, b. June 24, 1877 ; William Wright, b. May 26, 1880. COLLINS, Joseph Wright, was born at Ashton-under-Lyne, March 24, 1S56. He attended the public .schools of Pawtucket until he was thirteen years old, when he went to work in his father's shop, and in 1884 became a member of the present firm of Collins Bros. He is a Republican in politics and is a member of Jenks Lodge, No. 24, A. F. and A. M., Central Falls ; Good Samaritan Lodge, No. 8, 1. O. O. F. ; Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter ; and Holy Sepulchre Commandery, Knights Templars. He was married Oct. 17, 1883, to Eva E. Buffum of Millbury, Mass., and they have three children: Harry Wright, b. July 13, 1884; Benjamin P'letcher, b. Feb. 24, 1886 ; and I{lizabeth Selina, b. Sept. 19, 1888. CONANT, Hezekiah, may justly be said to l)e the leading manufacturer of Pawtucket. By his energy, foresight and abilitj- the great thread mills, so long known bj- his name, were origin- ated and developed, until to-day the\- form the largest industrial establishment not only in Pawtucket but in Rhode Island. The Conant family is descended from a John Conant who lived in Devonshire, England, during the time of the Reformation. He was the grandfather of Roger Conant, who was the founder of Salem, Mass., in 1626, and the first governor of the colony until the arrival of John Endicott late in 1628. Roger Conant came to America about Jul\', 1623, it is supposed in the ship Anne, the third vessel to arrive at Plj-mouth. He is said to have been "a pious, .sober and prudent gen- tleman". His descendants have been substan- tial, honest, hard-working people, of a modest retiring di.sposition. As pioneers, merchants, manufacturers, and occasionally as clergymen or physicians, they have filled their places in life without ostentation, and but few of them have been law\ers or public men. The genealogy of the family is as follows : John, 1). about 1520, at Oittisham, Devonshire; Richard, b. about 1548, in the parish of ICast Budleigh : Roger, the American immigrant, baptised April 9, 1592, in East Budleigh, Devonshire; Lot, wh(j was b. about 1624 at Nantasket or Cape Ann; John, b. Dec. 15 1652, at Beverly, Mass.; Daniel b. Nov. 19, 1694, at Beverly; Josiah, b. Nov. 5. 1732, at Beverly; Josiah, b. Sept. 30, 1770, at Dudlex', Mass.; Hervey, b. June 3, 1796, at Dudley. Hezekiah was born in Dudley, Mass., Jul\- 28, 1827, and was the fourth child of Hervey and Dolly (Healy) Conant. He received his education at Nichols Academy in his native town, attending it in winter, usually, and work- ing on his father's farm in summer. When seventeen j-ears old he went to Worcester and learned to be a printer in the office of the Wor- cester County Gazette, an anti-slavery weekly newspaper. At the end of two years the firm, Estey & Evans, failed, and he then worked for a year in the printing office of the National ,Egis. The printing trade evidently did not suit him, for he then went to work in a machine shop, where he remained two vears. At the end of that time, having meanwhile saved some money, he took a year's course at Nichols Academy. Returning to work in the machine .shop, he spent his evenings in learning mechan- ical drawing and studying mechanical engineer- ing. As a result he became a very expert mechanic, and developed great ability as a mechanical engineer and inventor. His etluca- tion had in this manner been obtained in a \er\ practical school, but at the expense of much toil and hard.ship on his part. From this time on he may be said to have been a professional mechanical e.Kpert and inventor. He in\-ented, about 1852, a pair of " lasting pinchers " for the use of shoemakers, obtained a jiatent, but made no money out of the article. He then worked in Boston and Worcester in various machine shops, and from the latter place went to Hartford, where he soon was engaged at Colt's firearm numufactory. While in Hartford he made drawings for Christian Sharp, the inventor of the .Sharp rifle, BIOGRAPHIES. and assisted him in constructint;- machines for making projectiles. In 1856 he invented and jiatented an improvement on the Sharp rifle, known as the "gas check," which was con- sidered so important that the United States and British governments immediateh- ordered its appHcation to all arms manufactured for them by the Sharp Rifle Co. The same year he com- structed a machine for Samuel Slater & Sons of Webster, Mass., for sewing the selvage on doeskins. No patent was secured on this con- trivance, but it was very successful, and has been iu use ever since. About this time Mr. Conant first turned his attention to the improvement of machinery used in the thread manufacture. He constructed a machine for dressing sewing thread and invented an automatic machine for winding spool cotton, for which he secured a patent. The Willimantic Lrinen Co., after an inspection of the latter machine, purchased one-half the patent right, and engaged Mr. Conant, Feb. i. 1S59, as a mechanical expert, on a three years' contract. He remained witli this company nine years, renewing his three years' contract twice, and his salary for the last three years was double what it was the first three. During the first three years he invented the ' ' ticketing machine ' ' which cuts out labels, gums them, and applies them simultaneous!}- to each end of the thread .spools at the rate of one hundred per minute. In 1864 he visited Europe in the interest of his employers and inspected many of the large thread establi.shments in the old world, among them the great works of J. & P. Coats and of the Messrs. Clark in Paisley, Scotland. From 1865 to 1868, the last three 3'ears of his nine years' service, he was superintendent of the works of the Willimantic Linen Co. During his connec- tion with this concern the company had more tlian doubled its capital and production. In 1 868 Mr. Conant resigned his position with the Willimantic Linen Co., and removed to Paw- tucket, where he organized the Conant Thread Co., with an authorized capital of $100,000, and became the treasurer of the corporation and the manager of the works. The first factor>-, a wooden Iniilding 100 feet long, 40 feet wide. and two stories in height, was inunediately erected, and put in operation. May, 1869, Mr. Conant again went to Europe and effected a combination with J. ik P. Coats of Paisley, Scotland, the leading manufacturers of thread in the world, by which that firm became a partner in the Pawtucket enterprise. Mr. Conant returned in June, and with the large caj)ital thus at his disposal proceeded to enlarge the plant in order to manufacture the Coats' thread. The work of erecting new buildings was at once begun. Mill No. 2, 300 by 70 feet, and four stories in height was fini.shed April, 1870; the bleachen,- was completed in 1871 ; a large .spinning mill, three stories high, was started in 1S73 and was known as No. 3 ; Mill No. 4, equipped with twisting and spinning machinery, was erected in 1876; a dye-house was built in 1S77 : and in 1881, Mill No. 5, which is about as large as Nos. 3 and 4 together, was erected. Previous to 1873 the yarn was imported from Scotland. A great deal of the machinery put into these mills was^of English manufacture, but Mr Conant's inventions were used in some of the departments. To begin with, a great many of the operatives were brought from Scotland and were skilled workers who had been trained in the factories at Paisley. During all this period of development Mr. Conant has continued to be treasurer and man- ager, and the splendid organization of the great establishment is due to his executive ability and his genius for mechanical arrange- ment. The mammoth concern now employs over 2000 persons and "without doubt is the best arranged, best equipped, and best organ- ized establishment of its kind in the world." I'ntil 1S93 the establishment was operated under the name of the Conant Thread Co., but since then has been conducted as one of the branches of J. & P. Coats (Limited), but Mr. Conant still contiiuies as executive head of the great enterprise. The works now cover about forty acres of land and the capital inve.sted is more than $4,000,000. Good wages have always been paid to the operatives, who in general have consequently been of a higher average in intelligence and character than the 276 ILLUSTRAT]':!) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT population of the majority of factory towns. Many of the employees own their own homes. The section of Pawtuckel where these factories are located has been transloi-med from a wilder- ness of brush and woods into a i)lace of homes, schools, and churches. The caring for, directing and managing such an immense enterprise as the great thread works proved, would have been sufficient to ab.sorb the entire energy of most men. Mr. Conant did de\-ote most of his attention to tlie indu.stry, but he diil not allow it to entirel\- exclude other interests. He is president ol the Pawtucket Institution for Savings ; president and director of the Pacific National Bank ; vice-pre.sident of the Pawtucket Safe Deposit Co. ; and a director in the First National and the Slater National banks of Pawtucket. In the welfare of his native town of Dudley, Mass., he has manife.sted great interest. Here, with his family, he spends his summers. At his expense the old and dilapidated buildings of the Nichols Academy were resuscitated, new school edifices and dormitories erected, an astronomical observatory built and equipped, and a fine library and reading-room provided. One of the mo.st noteworthy acts of Mr. Conant's life was the erection at his own cost of a handsome church edifice to replace the old Congregational church at Dudley, which was destroyed by fire, June 3, 1890. The only con- ditions coupled with this gift was that the donor might have the right to put in a memorial win- dow to perpetuate the memory of his family and ancestors, and that he and his heirs would have a right to one pew free of tax. The corner stone of the edifice was laid Oct. 16, 1890, the bell was consecrated Sept. 29, 1S91, and the church was dedicated Dec. 17, 1891. The edi- fice is built of brick, with underpinning and basement of granite and trimmings of sand- stone. It is in the Romanesque .stjde of archi- tecture, seventy feet in length by forty-four feet in width, and has a bell tower in the centre of the front fagade, sixteen feet square and seventv- eight feet high. The church is now known as the Conant Memorial. The memorial window put in by Mr. Conant represents the celebrated historic event in the life of his ance.stor, Roger Conant, when he acted as peacemaker between Capt. Miles vStandish and Capt. Hewes, who with their followers were about to come to blows about a fishing stage at Cape Ann. This scene is certainly appropriate for a " leni])le of peace on earth, good will to men." As an inventor Mr. Conant is endowed with pre-eminent mental power, and his success in developing the great mills is largely due to his qualifications in that line. vStill, in the popular mind, because of the fact that he has outwardly figured chiefly as a man of affairs, his title to be considered a great inventor has not been ade- quatel\' recognized. In many v^'ays outside of his business has he manifested this talent. The clock on the Memorial church at Dudley has a number of very ingenious improvements made by Mr. Conant. In 1886 he presented to the Pawtucket Business Men's Association a remarkable clock of his own invention. It has three dials, one show- ing solar and another sidereal time, and the third shows the progess of the sun, moon and the earth throughout the year. Mr. Conant has been married three times. His first wife was Sarah Williams, daughter of Col. Morris and I{li/.abeth (Eaton) L,earned, to whom he was married Oct. 4, 1853. She died July 17, 1855. Nov. 1859, he was married to a sister of his first wife, Harriet Knight Learned, who died July 6, 1864. Dec. 5, 1865, he was married to Mary Eaton, daughter of Dr. Samuel P. and Harriet (Eaton) Knight. There was no issue except by the second marriage, and the children were a son and a daughter : vSamuel Morris, b. Dec. 9. 1861, married in Lincoln, June i, 1887, to Nelly Buell Ferguson, and is now the president of the Adam Sutcliffe Co., printers and lithographers; ICdith Adina, b. Sept. 19, 1863, was married Feb. 4, 1885, to George M. Thornton, at present treasurer of the Union Wadding Co. CORRIQAN, John P., M. D., is of the second generation of his family in America. His parents came to the United States from Ireland in 1870. John P. was born in Roscommon, Ireland, Nov. 10, 1857, and is the first child of Dominick and Bridget (Flanagan) Corrigan. He attended B I C) G R A P H I E vS . 277 the ]5ublic scliools and completed his education at St. Lawrence and .St. Mary'.s College, Mon- treal, Canada. He studied medicine in the University of New York, was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1883, then practiced his profession in New York for a few years, but in 1885 came to Pawtucket, where he has e.stab- lished a large and lucrative practice, which is continually increasing. He is peculiarly fittted by temperament for the exercise of his profes- sion, being a man of large sj-mpathies and great gentleness. He is the consulting physi- cian for the Home for Aged Poor and for the Day Nursery. Nov. 24, 1886, he was married to Nellie G. Ford of New York, and by this union there are two children, Nellie, b. Sept. 20, 1887, and Thomas, b. June 11, 1889. COSTELLO, John J., son of P. and Mary (Birmingham) Costello, was born in the west of Ireland in 1870. He went to school until he was 16 years old, then set out alone for America to join his sister, and arrived in Providence in 1886. His parents remained in Ireland, where they are still living upon the old homestead where the family have resided for several gen- erations. A few days after his arrival he went to work for John Casey & Co., in the grocery and meat business at Olneyville. He continued for seven years in the Providence store, until 1893, when he was selected to manage the new business which the firm opened on the corner of Lonsdale and Mineral Spring avenues. Wood- lawn. He w^as given the entire management, and the credit for the successful development of the business is due to him. He purchases supplies and conducts the store as if it were his own, and has won a large trade by sound methods and pleasant manners. The business is now groceries, meats and provisions. COTTRELL, John T., who for many years was an active business man in Pawtucket, was of Scotch descent. The first American ance.stor of the famil}' accompanied the Cabots in one of their exploring voyages to the New World. The grandfather of John T. was a man of affairs in Southern Rhode Island, and died at South King.ston, R. I. In 1S4;;, one of his sons, John Stanton Cottrell, born Ajiril 8, iMoi, was a prosperous farmer and gave all his cliild- ren the advantages of a good education. John Stanton Cottrell married Desire Pearce Northup, and the oldest of their children, John T. Cot- trell, was born at vSouth Kingstown, Aug. 2, '•^33- John T. received his early education in the high schools of his native town and after- wards studied at the Adelphiau Academy of Brockton (now Bridgewater), Mass. It was his intention to enter college after leaving the academy and later take up one of the profe.ssions as his life work. An end was put to this deter- mination on account of his eyes being exceed- ingly weak, and he was warned b\- his oculist to leave books and seek relief and rest Ijy total abstinence from reading. For the next few years he aided his father in superintending the large home farm. Later he went to Narragansett Pier where he estab- lished a large coal and lumber business, which he successfully conducted for seven j'ears. In 1873 he moved to Pawtucket and continued in the same line of business, purchasing the interest of the late Albert Bliss in the coal and lumber firm of Joseph Smith & Co. About 1881 Mr. Cottrell purcha.sed the entire interest of the Joseph Smith Company, and was the sole owner of the business until his death, Dec. 2, 1889. The business is now being successfully carried on by his oldest son, John S. Cottrell, as trustee. Mr. Cottrell was a Republican in politics and ably represented the town of Jamestown for several years in the Rhode Island senate. After his removal to Pawtucket his business interests were so large and engrossing that he had little time to give to politics. His only public office here was on the school committee from which he resigned, after a .short time of service. He was an attendant of the First Baptist church, was a member of the Masonic Order, and belonged to Hol\- Sepulchre Commandery, Knights Tem- plars. Feb. 7, 1864, Mr. Cottrell was married to iMueline Taylor of South King.stown. He was survived by six children, of which number only two were adults at the time of his death. John T. Cottrell in every respect was a good t> jie of a successful business man. During his life of close application to business he was sim- 278 ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. pie and imassuniing in his manners, even to the lowest. He was honored, loved and universall\' respected wherever he was known. He died of acute pneumonia, after three days' iUness. CRAWFORD, C. Fred., was born in l>aw- tucket, Mass., Dec. 27, 1844, and is the ninth child of George and Hannah Crawford. He attended the public schools of his native town until he was eighteen years old. His first occu- pation was in the factory of R. .^c G. Cushman, where he started as reaming boj- and steadily passed through all the \arious departments, learning the details of each, then entered the office as shipping clerk and was finall\- made bookkeeper and clerk after the death of Mr. Phillips, one of the partners. Soon after, he was admitted to the firm under the name of Atwood, Crawford & Co. The business con- tinned to increase and was incorporated under the style of The Atwood-Crawford Co., which is now one of the largest establishments engaged in the manufacture of spools in New England. Mr. Crawford is now a member of the board of directors. He is a Republi- can, and has occupied various positions from fireward to as- semblyman. He was secre- c. fred tary of the Central Falls Fire "'''' '='-"'< ' District from 187S until 1890, when he declined re-election. He serv^ed in the General Assembly of 1.S87 and 1888 as a mend)er of the lower house from Lincoln. In 1S91 he was elected town clerk of Lincoln and is now city clerk of the cit\- of Central Falls and also clerk of the pro- bate court. For years he was clerk and after- wards was moderator of the voting district of Central I'alls in the town of Lincoln. He is now chairman of the Republican City Com- mittee of Central Falls, treasurer of the Repub- lican State League, and treasurer of the Lincoln Republican A.ssociation. In fraternal affairs he is identified with the American Order of United Workmen, Pawtucket Lodge, No. i, having been one of the charter members, and holds certificate No. i, the first ever issued in this state. He is also Past Chancellor of Washing- ton Lodge, No. 4, Knights of Pythias ; and a member of Pawtucket Council, No. 537, Royal Arcanum ; was foreman of the Pacific Steam Engine Co. for two years; is now president of the Central p-alls Veteran Firemen's Associa- tion, and is an associate member of Ballou Post, No. 3, G. A. R. Mr. Crawford belongs to the Central Falls Congregational church and has been Sunday school librarian continuously for more than 33 years. He was married to Mattie M. Horton of Smithfield, by which union there are two children : Frederick S., b. July 13, 1869; and C. Louie, b. Feb. 25, 1879. CRAWFORD, James M., was born in Bellville, N. J., vSept. I, 1832, and is descen- ded on his father's side from an old Scotch faniih-, but his mother was a native of Eng- land. He attended the public schools of Pawtucket, Mass., — whither his family had re- moved when he was two \ears of age, — until he at- tained his fifteenth year. Upon the death of his father in 1848 he was compelled to go to work in a cotton mill, but desiring to learn a trade he entered the foundry of James S. Brown in 1850 and soon became a proficient moulder. Owing to a severe accident he was compelled to abandon this occupation, and in i860 he weiU into the flour, grain and grocery business. During the civil war he offered his services as a soldier but was rejected three times on account of physical disabilities ; but he assisted in raising two companies in Pawtucket, and was also an active mendier of the Pawtucket Light Guard, of which he was finall\- made payma.ster, with the rank of lieutenant, on the staff of Gen. Horace Daniels. He continued in the grocer\- business CRAWFORD ' CENTRAL FAL BIOGRAPHIES, 279 until i>^7i. wlien he became a travelin;j^ salesman in the New Kngland and Middle states, until 1.SS5. He was from 1S85 to 1893 superintendent of the City Coal Co. of Pawtucket. In politics Mr. Crawford is a Republican. He has always taken an active and .spirited part in public affairs. In 1886 he was elected city .sealer of weights and measures and was re-elected in 1887, 1891-92-93-94-95 and '96 and was appointed state sealer in October, 1S92, which position he now holds in connection with the superin- tendency of .street numbering. He is president of the Rhode Island Sealers of Weights and Measures Association. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and treas- urer of the Endowment Rank, a fraternal branch of that Order. He was actively con- nected with the volunteer fire department, and was treas- urer of Monitor Engine Co. for fifteen years. Jan. i, 1855, he was married to Annie E. Hart of Central Falls, and they have two children; Frank Iv, b. March 8, 1858, and Samuel H., b. Sept. 15, i860. CROSSLEY, Robert, was bcirn in Halifax, West Riding, Yorkshire, l^ngland, Oct. 26, 1845, and was the only child of Henry and Mary ( Cross- ley) Crosslex'. He attended the private schools of his native town and after completing h cation learned the trade of dyein finishing dress goods. He worked THOMAS CROSTON, edu- and at this occupation until 1881 when he came to the Ihiited vStates at the solicitation of W. I*. N: F. C. Sayles to take charge of dyeing and finishing at .Sayle.sville. He remained at these works until 1883, when he severed his connection and established himself in the manufacture of chemicals, in company with Alfred Harrison, under the firm name of .\. Harri.son & Co. The factory was located on Pine street, Pawtucket, until 1883, when the works were removed to the present location. Charles street. North I'rovidence. In political nuitters Mr. Crossley is a Republican, because the tinkering with the tariff had nearly ruined the firm's busine.ss by destroying the market for many articles manufactured. Mr. Cro.ssley is a member of the Park Place Congregational church. The only organization to which he belongs is the Societj- of Good Fellows. Mr. Crossley has been twice married, and his family at present living is : Lily, the wife of F. F. Halliday, Jr., of Pawtucket; James H. ; Law- ton; and Maud M., the wife of Charles I). Anderson of Providence. His maternal grand- father, Thomas Crossley, was b. July 26, 1797. His grandfather on his father's side was Benjamin (a brother of Thomas), who was b. Nov. 26. 1799. His mother, Mary Crossley, was b. Aug. 31, 1826, and his father, Henry, was b. the same year at Halifax. The family is a very old one and has been in business since 1635. Some of the members have been distingui.shed and one of its branches is a titled family. CROSTON, Thomas, son of James and Hannah ( Cooke ) Cro.ston, was born Nov. 20. 1843, in Manchester, England, and there received his educa- tion. At the age of sixteen he braid mill, and followed this He then opened a went to work in occupation for twelve 3'ears. .stationer}' store in Manchester, but disposed of it six years later, and emigrated to America. He came to Pawtucket, May i, 1878, and engaged as a workman with the firm of George H. Fuller & Son, manufacturers of jewelers' findings, with whom he remained until 1893, when he accepted his present position with the .State Census Bureau in Providence. Mr. Croston is a Ke]niblican and has been active in politics since 1880. p'or some years he has been secretary of the Pawtucket Republican Cit\' Cnmmillee. He was a charier member of 28o ILLUSTRATl'I) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. Charles K. Cliickoriiig Lods^c, K. of P., ami belongs to the Knights of the Ancient I'^sscnic Order and the Oarfield Club. Mr. Croston is a member of an old Lanca- shire family which derives its patronymic from the parish of Croston, near Preston, England. The name is of frequent occurrence in the earlier English records, and the .social status of those who bore it is indicated b\- the suffix " Armigeri " — a distinction which in those da\s had a meaning, the old heralds onl)- recognizing the right to bear arms in the case of those who could establish their claim and prove their descent from "gentility." The family suffered in estate for its loyalty to the crown during the civil wars. On the maternal side the Crostons have given a bishop and archbishop to the Church of England. The family were prominent for many years and ha\c been identified with the professions and indu.stries for generations, being people of sulistance in the region. CROWNINSHIELD, Walter Hamilton, was born in Paw- tucket in iS4<;. His educa- tion was obtained in the public schools of his native town and at I'ryant & .Stratton's Busi- ness College, Providence. After graduating from the president of business college he entered the large dry goods house of Edward Mason, then located in the Arcade, Providence, as cashier. Later he kept books for several firms in Pawtucket, having desk room in the law- office of the late Theodore Lord, and afterwards in that of Charles A. Warland. In the spring of 1X70 he decided to enter into the real estate business and secured an office in Lee's block, then just finished. The business prospered, and he has changed his location twice, once to the Pardon Jc-nks Ijuilding near the granite bridge, then t<} the present location, room 16, Dexter building. Mr. Crownin.shield is one of the jiionters in the real estate business, the only JOHN H. GUMMING, firm in the business when he started being War- land & Adams. P'or the past few years Mr. Crown- inshield has been building houses to sell on the installment ])lan. In connection with his real estate business Mr. Crownin.shield has loaned over a million of dollars for his patrons on fir.st mortgages of real estate, and never had but one foreclosure. He also does a general fire insur- ance and stock business, repre.sentiiig the agency of Starkweather &: Shepley of Providence. GUMMING, John Maiden, was born in Pais le>-, Scotland, .Sept. 24, 1S44, and is the fourth child of John and Jeannette (Kerr) Cununing. He attended the public schools of his native town until he was twelve years old, when he was ap- prenticed to the weaver's trade and served his time making the celebrated Pais- ley shawls, after which he learned to be a dyer. Not seeing favorable opportunities for advancement in Scotland he came to the United States in 1869 and secured emplo\-- ment in the Hamilton Mills, Hamilton, R. I. In 1S77 he established himself as a dyer in Pawtucket on Leather a\-einie, near P'airbrother's tanner\ , but two years later Ijought land and erected his 10 HARiEv CO. present works on the bank of the Blackstone river, rear 321 North Main street. In 1883 he added a laundry. Both industries have assumed large proportions and the latter is the largest of its kind in this state. He is also president of the David Har- ley Co. Mr. Cumming is a Republican, and a firm believer in the protection of a high tariff. He is a member of the New England ( )i(ler of Protection, of the Knights of Pythias, and of Clan Eraser, Order of Scottish Clans, of whit-li latter body he is Past Grand Chief. He was mar- ried to Margaret Patterson of Bellfron. Stirling- shire, vScotland, and by this union there were five children ; John S., William R., Oeorge A., Mar- garet and Isabelle. The latter died in childhood. BIOGRAPHIES. 281 CURRIER, Andrew J., Hk- nianai^x-r of the Albion Co.'s mills at \'aney Falls and the Valley Falls Co.'s mills at .\lbion, was born in Fall River, Oct. 2, 1S50. He attended the public .schooLs o{ Fall River until he was sixteen years old, and then studied telegraphy for a year. The next two years he was in the insurance business, after which he came to Rhode Island and went into the office of the Albion Co. as a clerk. He held that position for twent^'-five \ears, working in the various places where the company had mills or offices. For the past three years he has been manager for both the Albion Co. and the Valley Falls Co. This has added greatly to his responsibilities, but his long training in all the details of manufacturing through his extended experience has enabled him to administer the combined properties to rare advantage. About 475 hands are employed in the mills at Valley Falls, and 400 in the mills at Albion, and the goods manufactured are shirtings, sheetings and print cloths. In politics Mr. Currier has been very active for many years, and has been and is the leader of the Republican part)- in the town of Cumber- land. He was a member of the town council for eleven years, during nine of which he was president. In 1891-2 he was a representative from the town to the Oeneral Assembly, and was state .senator in 1S92-3 and 1894 to 1896. During his terms in the legi.slature he served on the committees on corporations and on judiciary. He and his family attend the Baptist church. In 1874 Mr. Currier was married to Lucy S. Clark, of Valley Falls, and has two children, Carrie C, and Andrew R. CUSHMAN, Robert, spool manufacturer, was born on the old family homestead in the western part of Attleboro, Mass., Sept. 17, 1S21. He was a lineal descendant of Robert Cushman, one of the founders of the Plymouth colony. His parents were Captain Samuel and vSophia (George) Cu.shman, both of whom died in 1864, at an advanced age. His father served as cap- tain of the militia, in the war of 1812, and for eleven consecutive years was one of the select- men of Attleboro. Robert Cushman was edu- cated in the countrv district schools and at the ROBERT CUSHMAN, FOUNDER Of THE ATWOOO-CRAWFORO CO. academies of Attleboro and Pawtucket. At the age of eighteen he commenced teaching a dis- trict school in his native town, and was thus employed for several years during the winter, the rest of of his time being occupied in farming. Having a natural aptitude for mechanics, he entered a wood-turning shop in 1844, and after working for others in Central Falls, Woonsocket and Pawtucket, commenced in 1847, in a small wa>-, the main business of his life, — the manu- facture of spools for winding cotton, linen, and silk threavl. At this time there were not more than three or four shops in the world where such sj)ools were made by machinerx'. Not being able to purchase such machines as were then in use, he and his workman invented and constructed machines which soon superseded all others, and were of such a superior charac- ter that, with later improvements, they are now in general use, although the business has increased .several hundredfold in this country. In 1850 he removed to Central l"alls. and in 1S57 moved across the river to Pleasant \'ievv, Pawtucket, where, with his brother George, he erected the building now occupied by The Atwood-Crawford Co. He invented the adjust- able features of the pivot-hanger for shafting, 2.S: I , I . r S 'P K A T I", I ) 1 1 I S T () R V O 1<' 1' A W T VCK Iv T. now ill };i.'iiL-ial use. Imh smiic liiiii- Ik- was also engaged in knitting by inachiner\ , and iiuented \aluable iniprovemeiits in kiiitliiig iiiachines, one of which was patented. In 1.S75, his health being impaired, he sold out his interest in the spool business. In 1873 he entered, as a silent partner, the firm of Cushman, Wilcox & Co., coal dealers, who carried on an extensive busi- ness on the wharf now occupied by 01ne\' >.N: Payne Bros. Through the failure of this firm in iSSo, the savings of his life were swept away. In his later years he served as adminis- trator and assignee for various estates and was in the employ of Charles A. Luther & Co. as bookkeeper until iS- the water coiiimis- sioners, the ])rcseiitati()ii speeches being respec- tively iiKule 1)\' ex-mayor James lirown and Cicneral Olney Arnold. Mr. Darling has always been a Republican in jiolitics. He was a member of the volunteer fire department for 20 years and was the last foreman of the "Old Hay Cart " and the first foreman of the vSteamer Rhode Island, No. i. He was commissary sergeant of the Paw- tucket Horse Guards for a nniiilier of years. Darlington station, on the east side, was so named by the New York, Boston and Provi- dence Railroad in recognition of his services in building up that section of Pawtucket. At present Mr. Darling conducts a large and very successful real estate business. For nearly thirty-eight years he has been a Freemason, and is connected with Union Lodge, Royal Arch Chapter, and Holy Sepul- chre Commandery of Pawtucket. He has been an attendant of the Pawtucket Congregational church for more than 20 \ears. March 4, 1857, he was married to Anna, daughter of Caleb Adams of Bellingham, Mass., by which union there were two children, one of whom survives, .Samuel vS., b. June 25, 1858, who is now superin- tendent of the water works of Pawtucket. His first wife d. Jan. 30, 1S60. Dec. 27, i860, he was married to his second wife, Abbie A., daughter of Ruel Adams of Bellingham, Mass., b\ which union there were six chil- dren, all of whom are dead. His second wife d. Nov. I'l, 1S74. Jan. 17, 1876, he was married to his third wile, Mar\- E., daughter of Cheney P. vSheddon of .Sturbridgc, Mass., by which union there are four children, three girls and one boy : Mary Sheddon, b. Nov. 2, 1866; Hannah Corbin, b. May 7, 187S ; Lyman M., b. Sejit. 30, 1879; Helen .Mice, b. Sept. 30, 1885. B I O O R A P H I Iv S . DARLING, Lucius Bowles, capitalist, .statesman, lieuteiiant-govc-nior of Rhode Island and founder of large enterprises, was the fifth .son of Samuel and Margaret (Smith) Darling. He was b. at Bellingham, Mass., Oct. p,, i' to success. The business grew apace. He carefully invested his profits in enlarg- ing the ])lant and increasing its capacity. He studied out the jiroblem of conducting the business njjon a SNStem which presented and turned to practical use every portion of the crude material. He succeeded in utilizing material which had been previ- onsl\- wasted. New methods were created, details perfected, and improvements invented for the speedier handling of material. New products were also manufactured. He sold the meat, rendered the tallow, prepared tripe, and converted the refuse into fertilizers. The busi- ness was successful from the start and increased rapidly ; but the preparation of fertilizers proved the most profitable, and he soon aban- doned butchering and confined his efforts to the other branches. In 1865 he began to grind bones and a little later put the product on the market as a fertilizer. Ever since then high grade fertilizers have been the leading sjiecial- ties manufactured : but tallow, tripe, pigs' feet, neatsfoot oil, and other resultants of animal carcasses are also produced. His brother, Lyman M. Darling, who had come to work for him in 1869, was admitted to a partnership in I^^74, when the firm Ijecame L. B. Darling & Co., and in 1881 his two sons, Ira C. and Lucius B., Jr., became members of the firm. In the latter year, on account of the rapid increase of the business, a branch house 286 ILLUSTRATIvD HISTORY OF TAWTUCKKT was established at Chicago under the name of Ira C. Darling & Co. This course was taken to facilitate the purchase of cattle and other supplies, which, as Chicago is the center of the cattle business, could be more readily transacted there than anywhere in the country. After the death of Ira C. July 21, iSyi, the Chicago branch was incorporated under the name of Darling (Sc Co. The I'awtucket business was incorporatetl in March, 1884, under the name of the L. B. Darling Fertilizer Co. From the beginning it has been carried on at Mineral Springs, on the western border of Pawtncket. At present the plant consists of an extensive group of buildings, covering six and a half acres of ground. The annual product is 30,000 tons of fertilizers, be- sides large quantities of other products, and the raw material used amounts to about 10,000,000 pounds annually. The products are sold all over the United States and Europe. About eighty persons are constantly' employed in the works. Mr. Darling's business connections were very numerous. At the time of his death he was president of the h. B. Darling Fertilizer Co.; of the Pacific National bank, where he had ser\-ed for twenty years; the Pawtucket Gas Co. from 1880; and the Swan Point Cemetery Co. since 1879; and he was a tru.stee in the Paw- tucket Institution for Savings. He was also a director in the Pawtucket Mutual Fire Insur- ance Co., and was one of the originators, and for many years was a director of the Pawtucket street railway. He was also a member of the state board of education for many years. In 1880 he erected the Music Hall building, which when completed was the largest and finest structure in the centre of Pawtucket, and was the first notable jniblic ini])rovc'nicnt in the cit\- as it exists to-da\ . In public matters Mr. Darling always dis- played an active interest and served the people in nearly every capacity from town councilman to lieutenant governor of the state, which latter office he filled from 1885 to 1887. Politically he was always a Republican. In North Provi- dence he was a member of the town council in 1861-3, and served for a number of years as one of the school connnittee. For about fifteen years he was w:ili.-r connnissioner of the tnwn and cit\- of Pawtucket. In iSSi he was appointed harbor connnissioner by Governor Littlefield and re-appointed by Governor Bourn in 1883. For a nundjer of years he was a director of the vState Home and School. The .secrets of Mr. Darling's noted success were his uprightness of character, his unbounded energy and his sterling connnon sense. With a private business so extensive one would suppose that all of Mr. Darling's time would have been consumed in discharging the duties incident to his business, and that he could not find time to devote to the service of the people ; yet whenever his counsels were sought he responded to the public demands and gave his time as liberally as if he had no other object calling for his attention. The records bear\vituess that nearl}- every honr .Mr. Darling gave to public affairs was at the sacri- fice of his private interests. He consented to sen-e the city and state against his personal preferences, yielding only to the solicitations of others. Governor Darling was ahva\s very much interested in the veterans of the ci\il war. and in the movement toward the soldiers' monu- ment. He was especially friendly towards Tower Post, No. 17, G. .\. R., assisting the organization cheerfull}- on many occasions. He presented the Post with a handsome and costly memorial volume. He traveled exten- sively in his own country as well as in hairope, and in his delightful home on Walcott street are many works of art which were gathered from time to time in the x'aricnis lands which he visited. No\'. 7, 1847, he was married to Angeline II. Armington, and ))>■ that union there have been si.x children, four of whom are now living: Lucius B. Darling, Jr. : Mary ICvelyn, wife of J. G. Jefferds, of Worcester, Mass. ; Ada }■'... wile ol George A. Carpenter; and Lovinia, wife of Charles A. Fales of Pawtucket. DARLING, Lucius Bowles, Jr., iIk- fifth child of Lucius B. aiid Angeline H. ( .Vrmington) Darling, wasbornin North Providence, R. I., Mav 15IOC, RAPIIIEwS. 287 25. iSfio. He attended the public scliools of his native town until he attained his fifteenth year. IJeing too j-oung to be admitted to the Pawtucket high school, he then went to a private school in Foxboro, Mass., where he studied for two years, and afterwards took a two gears' course in Mowry & Goff' s Engli.sh and Classical School, Providence. After leaving school he at once went into his father's luisiness, learned its details and was quick to master the business In 1 88 1 he became a partner in the firm of L. B. Darling & Co., which was incorporated in March, 1884, as the L,. B. Darling Fertilizer Co., and on the death of his father became its president. During these 5'ears he and his uncle, Lyman M. Darling, were responsible managers of , the busi- ness, as his father was then so greatly absorbed with other interests. Though very young he developed a capacit}" for business which was unu.sual in a man of his age. He assisted in the management of the office and superintended the practical operation of the works. Mr. Darling has developed the capacity of a man of much business sagacity, energy and foresight. He is quick of conception, thorough in methods, of great integrity, and ranks high as a man of commercial ability. He exhibits the valuable traits of character which made his father a man of exceptional note. He is a Republican in politics, an attendant of the Park Place Congregational church, a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's A.ssociation, and is also a 32d degree F'ree Mason. Nov. 22, 1881, he was married to Emma Jean, daugh- ter of ex-postmaster Isaac R. Wilkinson of Paw- tucket, and by this union there is one child, Lucius B., (3d) b. in Pawtucket, Sept. 23, 1S94. Since the death of his brother Ira C, July 21 , [891, the responsibilities of the Chicago house fell upon Lucius B., Jr. He spent the greater part of his time for two j-ears in Chicago, and he has ever since given a considerable por- tion of his time to the management of the Chicago house, being at present vice-president of the corporation. On the death of his father he became tru.stee of the Music Hall estate, and his mother and he are executors of the entire estate of his father. Under these circumstances the practical management of the estate devolves almost wholly upon him. Mr. Darling now resides in a fine mansion house, corner of Walcott and Grove streets, in which he first took up his residence, October, 1895. DARLING, Lyman florse, was born in Bellingham, Mass., May 5, 1850, and was the eighth son of Samuel Darling (4th) by his second wife, Jidia Mor.se, of which union Lyman M. was the onl\ child. He attended the public schools of his native town until he attained his fifteenth year and completed his education at Dean Academy, Franklin, Mass., from which he was graduated when nineteen jears old. In 1869 he came to Pawtucket, was employed by his brother Lucius B. in the fertilizer business at Mineral Springs, and was admitted as a partner in 1874, under the firm name of L. B. Darling & Co. The busi- ness increased so that a branch house was established in Chicago in 1881 and the company was incorporated in 1884 under the title of the L. B. Darling Fertilizer Co. Mr. Darling was elected treasurer, which position he has since held. Since the death of his brother, Lucius B., he has been the head of the corporation. In business affairs he is prominent in nearly all the great enterprises that have contributed to the wealth of Pawtucket. He is treasurer of the Woodlawn Dairy Co. ; is a director of the Pacific National bank, and of the Pawtucket Institution for Savings; director and member of the executive board of the Pawtucket Gas Co., and was elected president of the compaiiy in January, 1896; director in the American Yarn Co. : jiresident of the Darling Co. of Chicago ; a director and a member of the executive board of the Pawtucket lUectric Light Co. ; president of the Metropolitan Hotel Supply Co., of New York; and is inter- ested in many other prominent business enter- prises. He is also a mendier of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association. Mr. Darling is a Republican. He was alderman from the fourth ward in 1888. Nov. 16, 1 87 I, he was married to Abbie M. Rockwood of Bellingham, Mass., by which union there are two children : Edna Rockwood, b. Oct. 10, 1874; Chester Coburn, b. Nov. 13, 1S87. ILLUvSTRATlvI) HISTORY OP I'AWTl' C K JCT. In the prime of his manhood and in the niidsl ot his business successes, with all the sur- roundings of a liappy home, he was forced lo taste the cup of sorrow. May ii, 18.S8, al hi> residence in Pawtucket, his wife died, a few days after moving into the magnificent mansion he now occupies on Broadway. DARLING, Ruel S., the si.xth son of Samuel Darling (4th) of Bellingham, Ma.ss., was l)orn in Hellingham, May 2, 1830. He came to Paw- tucket when about 21 years of age and was a resident of the village until about 1865, when he removed to Central P\alls, where he resided at the time of his death, June 14, 18S3, although his business connections contin- ued to be chiefly in Pawtucket. When a young man he learned the boot maker's trade, but subsequently became a re- tail dealer in meat, which lie sold by driving through the country in the neighborhood of his home. From the time of his coming to Pawtucket he was jirominently identified with the marketing business in which he engaged first with his brother Edwin, but subsequently conducted the business alone in the old brick hotel building on North Main, then Mill street, and finally in the Dexter block on Main street, where he remained till the time of his death, having some years prior taken into partnership his two sons, Ruel S., Jr., and Herbert C, under the firm name of R. S. Darling & Sons. The business was continued by the .sons for some years after their father's death, at this last location on Main street, and also for a lime at a branch market under the Aumann house on Broad street; but as the retail business became less remunerative and the wholesale business, which had been growing for some years, demanded more attention, the retail market was finally closed in 1892 and the wholesale business trans- ferred to New York city, constituting the nucleus of the business now incorporated as the SAMUEL DARLING, CHARGE DrAMONO HILL RESERVOI Metro]i()litan Motel Sup])Iy Co. and still con- ducted li\ the two sons. Though often solicited to accept juildic olTice, Mr. Darling uniformly declined till 1SS2, when he was chosen town councilman of Lin- coln, an office to which he was re-elected without o])])osition but two weeks before his death. He was a trustee of the Pawtucket Institution for Savings and director of the Slater National Bank, having held the latter ])osition for twenty-three consecutive years. He was married twice. His first wife was Alma Iv Cook of Bellingham, who died in 1872, leaving five children: Ruel S. and Herbert C. of New York; Ivllen M., wife of George \V. Thurston of Providence ; Sarah B., wife of Peter H. Fowler of East Orange, N. J. ; and A. Louise, wife of William L. Quiniby of Boston. His second wife, now residing in Worcester, Mass., was Mrs. p;iiza L. Walker, daughter of the late Rev. James O. Barney of Seekonk. Mr. Darling was a man of sterling character. He was gifted with first-class business ability. In his views he was very conservative. Of a kindl>- disposition he was always ready to succor the needy or unfor- tunate. Although not a mem- ber of any religious body and professing no particular creed he was always willing to contribute of his means to any good cause, and gave liberally to churches and societies of all denominations. He lived respected and died regretted by all who knew him. DARLING, Samuel, the fifth son of Samuel and Margaret (Smith) Darling, was born in Bellingham, Mass., March 2, 1825. He attended the schools of his nati\-e \-illage during the win- ter months and in the summer worked on his father's farm, .\lternating thus between the farm and the school until his nineteenth \ear, he acquiring thereby an education not only in books but in the practical affairs of lile. lie HIOC, k A I'll I Kir,. 289 then went to Medvvay village and established a butchering business, which he carried on for three j^ears. In 1847 he started the same busi- ness at Woonsocket, R. I., where he remained until 1854, in which year he went to New York atid until 1875 was there engaged in the general provision business. He then returned to Belling- ham and conducted his father's (arm until 1880, when he started out as a traveling salesman and followed that occupation for five years. In 1885 he was appointed superintendent of the Diamond Hill Reservoir, which position he still holds. In politics Mr. Darling is a Republican, but be is not a partisan. All his life he has been an attendant of the Uni- versalist church. May 26, iS46,he was married to Emily, daughter of Joseph and Asen- ath (Patridge) Adams of Bell- ingham, Mass. By this union there are three children: Ed- mund Adams, b. Jan. 18, 1849 : Walter luiicrson, b. Nov. 23, 1854; Ida I'"liza- bfth, b. .Seiit. 26, 1S57. DARLING, William W., the son of Jefferson B. and Johanna (Smith) Darling, was born in Bellingham, Mass., in 1828. His father who was the youngest son and tenth child of Samuel Darling (3d), was born May 21, 1803, and died July 10, 1882; he was a farmer and a dealer in cattle and meats. For a number of generations the family were prominent in Bellingham, Mass. William W. attended school in Bellingham and also at the same time helped his father on the farm and elsewhere. He remained on the farm until he was 21, when he came to Pawtucket in 1849 and started in the general meat business with Lucius B. Darling, continuing the partner- ship about five years. They also opened a meat store at Mineral Springs and a year later sold out to Ruel S. Darling, and then he and I^ucius B. Darling founded the trijie and fertilizer works, which are still continued to-day. Ik- was in the firm about five j'ears and then sold out his interest to Lucius B. He then went into the wholesale pork packing business on Broadway and Central avenue, which he carried on for ten years. During this time he prospered greatly. For a short time he retired from busi- ness. He then started an establishment for the curing of hams on a large scale, and also ren- dered lard, and sold his product all over the eastern states. At the end of two years he finally retired from business, and has since spent his time looking after his real estate interests. He lives a quiet life at his home, corner of Broadwa\- and Clay street, and in summer occupies the old homestead in Belling- ham. In politics he is a Re- publican. In 1854 he was I married to Mary E. Bassett of Central Falls, and they have one child, Annie, b. in North Providence, now Paw- tucket. DAVIS, Herbert B., the fourth child of Orrin E. and Hannah W. (Bailey) Davis, was born in Shrewsbury. Mass., March 3, 1861. He attended the ]niblic schools of his native town until he attained his sixteenth year, and then went to work in a wood-turning shop in Wor- ester, where he remained for three years. He then went to Caml)ridge and worked for the Russ Moulding Co. until 1883. In October of that year he came to Providence and was con- nected with Weaxer iS: Co., bankers, until Oct. 1SS9, when he came to Pawtucket and estab- lished a real estate and brokers office at 330 Main street. Mr. Davis is a Democrat. He attends the Congregational church, and is a member of the I. O. R. M. DAVIS, Charles H., the .second child of Josei)h G. and Mary J. (Poole) Davis, was born in Pawtu.xet, Jan. 15, 1S71. He received his education in the schools of Pawtucket, atid in Prof. Cole's luiglish and Classical school. He then began the study of denti.stry with George 290 II.LlT.STk ATI", n HISTORY OP PAWTUCKKT. E. Woodbury at No. 5 North .Main street. Dr. Woodbury sold out to Dr. Tillinghast. with whom Mr. Da\is remained for fi\e years, at the end of which period he went to the Bcstoii Collei;e of Dental Surgery, from which he was graduated June 20, 1S94, with the degree of D. D. S. He was the president of his class and received a prize for best workmanship. On his return from college he established himself, in compan\- with Oeorge C. (lannnon, at 24 High street, where the firm does first-class dentistry. DAVIS, John E., the second child of Reuben and Elizabeth (Larned) Davis, was horn May 1, 1836, in Dudley, Worcester county, Mass. He attended the Dudley schools .md coniiileted his education at Nichols Academy. During the intervals in his schooling he assisted his father on the farm in summer. After completing his course at the academy he taught in the district schools until the outbreak of the war of the rebellion, when in 1.S62 he enlisted in Company V,, I St Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, and ser\ed during the entire conflict. He was cap- tured by the rebels in front of Petersburg, Va., was confined in Libby pri.son, Belle Isle and Andersonville, for a period all told of about a year, and did not obtain his release until April 28, 1865, after the ce.ssation of hostilities. On his return home he resumed the occupatimi nf farming. Until 1870 he continued in this voca- tion, with the exception that during 1867 he was a mend)er of the Massachusetts state con- stabulary. In 1870 he came to Pawtucket and obtained a situation as shipping clerk in the Conant Thread Mills, now J. & P. Coats, (Limited), and in the course of time was pro- moted to be the head of the shipping depart- ment, which position he still holds. Mr. I)a\'is is a Republican, and since his young manhood has taken an active part in public affairs. He was a member of the Massa- chusetts legislature from Dudley in 1866 and served in the Pawtucket connnon council five years, 1888 to 1890, and in 1892 and 1893. He belongs to the society of Ex-llnion Prisoners of Massachusetts, joined Tower Post, No. 17, G. A. R., in 1 88 1, was elected quartermaster in 1886, and still continues in that office. He was married to Mary Hancock of Dudley, Mass., in 1867. The Davis family, according to tradition, originated in Wales. The American branch is descended from William Davis, who came to Roxbury, Ma.ss., is 1642 : his sun John, b. Oct. 16, 1643, d. P'eb. 15, i'''''^3, at Roxburs- ; his son vSamuel, b. Jinie 23, 16.S1, il. April S, 1760. His son P'dward, b. Jan. 2^,. 1714. d. 1S05 at Roxliur\- ; his son lidward, ]>. ,Sej)t. 5, 1739, d. Oct. 3, 171/1, had six children, among whom was Edward, b. Jan. 5, 17')^, d. Jul\- 1, 1834, who settled at Dudley, Mass., ami had a family of 13 children, one of whom was Reuben I)a\is, the father of John li., who was born at Dudley, Ma.ss., March 7, 1807, d. Oct. 17, i,s6(), and was married .\pril 10, 1S33, to Elizabeth, daughter of Morris and PUizabetli Larned. Their children are: Maria E., John Iviton, William Larned, Ellen Louisa, .Sarah Ursula. Franklin, Frances, and Tunma Frances. DAVIS, John William, governor of Rhode Island in i,SS7-,S and 1890-1, was born in Reho- both, Mass., March 7, 182(1. He was the son of John and Nancy Davis and was brought up on his father's farm in Rehoboth. meanwhile attend- ing the public schools of Rehoboth and .Swansea as opportunity offered. In 1844 he left the homestead which the fainil>' had occniiied for several generations, and went to Providence, where he apprenticed himself to a ma.son and worked at that trade from March to December each year for three years, during the winters teaching district schools in North Providence, R. I., and Seekonk, Mass. While an apprentice in Providence he had the u.se of the Mechanics Library and in after years was a member of the Franklin Lyceum and Providence Athenaeum Association. Upon comjileting his apprenticeship he commenced life as a journeyman, lra\eling and working at his trade, and while on this industrial itineracx- he became a contractor in Charleston and in New Orleans in the winters of 1847 and 1S50. He then returned to Prov- idence and went into liusiness as a dealer in grain and provisions, which he conducted successfully until 1890, since when he has been Biucui APii I i;s. 291 principally engaged in the care of fiduciary interests for himself and others. During his long and active business life he was often engaged in the settlement of estates in probate, and also in the courts of insolvency and bank- ruptc}', under both vState and United vStates bank- rupt laws, in the fulfillment of which duties he became known as an active public citizen. He retained his residence in Providence until 1877 when he removed his family to Pawtucket. His political af- filiations were al- w ays with the Democratic party. He was a member of the Democratic City Committee of Providence from 1854 to i860, hav- ing for colleagues the late Abner J. Barnaby, W. P). Sayles, George \V. D a n i e 1 s o n and others, and was treasurer of the State Central Com- mittee in 1883-4-5. He attended the Democratic Na- tional Convention as an alternate delegate at Chicago in 1884, and gave at his home a pub- lic reception to his fellow citizens in honor of Cleve- land's election in the fall of that year. Mr. l)a\is was elected to his first public office, that of town council- man and president of the board in Pawtucket in 1882, and again in 1885. He was chosen a .state senator in 1885, 1886 and 1893, and appointed by President Cleveland appraiser of foreign merchandise for the Providence U. S. Customs District in 1886. In 1887 and again in 1S90 he was cho.sen governor of Rhode Island on the JOHN W. DAVIS, F RHODE ISLAND, 188 Democratic ticket. During his administration a number of important measures which had his countenance and support, were carried through, among which were : a reform in the discipline of the state pri.son, brought about as the result of a public investigation ; an amendment to the state con.stitution extending the suffrage to foreign- born citizens on the same terms as to native citizens ; a ballot reform law on the Australian system ; and the establishment of a College of Agriculture a n d Mechanic Arts, at Kingston, the char- ter of which was granted upon his especial recom- mendation in 1892. Mr. Davis was the only Democrat elected governor of Rhode Island from the time of William Sprague, who was elected on a fusion ticket in i860 as a Democrat and Con- ser\-ative. Gover- nor Davis's elec- tions represented a real growth in dem- ocratic sentiment, and was a tribute to his high char- acter as a man and to his genuine democracy. He was the only gover- nor of Rhode Is- land, with the ex- cejitiou of Joseph Jenks, who was a resident of Pawtucket. Governor Da\is has been three times mar- ried : in 1S55 to Miss I.ydia W. Kenyon, who died in 1859 ; in 1862 to Miss Emily P. Goff, who died in 1.S85; and in 1895 to Miss Marietta P. Pearce, with whom and his two daughters, Annie K. and Mary li., children of the second wife, he now resides, at Riverside, 724 Pleasant I l.I.rSTRA'Pl'I) HISTORY O I" I' A WTTC K IC T. street, Pawtucket. He is a iiiemlKT of i1k- Mathewsoii vStreet M. Iv. Clnircli ol I'mvidc-iice: of the Patria Club, Pawtiukvl, \hv SoutlKin Rhode Island Press Clul), the- RlIimiii Club d New York, the Providence Marine S()ciet> , and other like organizations, but has never been a member of any of the secret orders so popular in this state in these later years. On' his father's side Governor I)a\is is a descendant in the seventh generation from James Davis, who came with his famils- from Marlboro, Wiltshire, England, to Massachusetts Bay Colony about 1630, was admitted a free man at Newbury in 1634, and went as a pioneer settler to Haverhill in 1640. Through his mother he is a descendant in the fifth genera- tion from John Davis, who came from I^ondon, England, to Newport, R. I., al)out i6,So. From these ancestors and their collateral kindreil through intermarriages, his descent 1)\- i-on- sanguinity can be traced to some of those who came to Pl\'mouth in the Mayflower, and to many others of the earlier Puritan, Pilgrim, and Ca\- alier colonists of New England, among whom may be mentioned, the Eatons, Shaws, Piarnevs, DeWitts, Marlins, Masons, Pecks. Mays, Bul- locks, Hortons, with others, soniC of whom were prominently engaged as soldiers and officers in the old colonial and revolutionary wars. Governor Davis is at present a member of the Rhode Island State House Conuni.ssion. It is a somewhat interesting reminiscence in this connection that the house of his maternal col- onial ancestor, John Davis of Newport, was u.sed by the Governor and General Assemblj- of the colony as the seat of their sessions, and made practically the Province House from 1682 to 1691, when the first public Colony House was built in that town. One feature of Governor Davis's long, active business life in which he takes especial satis- faction, is in tlic number of successful young business men who have gone out from under his training. At present he is manager and treas- urer of the Riverside Burial Societx- of Paw- tucket, a director and president of the Rhode Island Department of the Co-operative Savings Society of Connecticut, a tlirector of the Central Real ICslale Compan\- of Proxidence, llie Inter- state Petroleum Co.. the Samana Bay I'mit Co.. and other enterprises which keep his mind and time occupied with current Inisiness affairs. DAWSON, William Henry, the first child of Sannul I), and .\nna (Brown) Dawson was born in W'alsden, Lanca.shire, Plngland, March 1, iS6,S. He came to the United States when m \ears of age and was educated in the public and night schools of Pawtucket. His first employment was at cotton spinning with the E. Jenckes Manufacturing Co. in 1.S7.S, and he next went to work for Atwood, Crawford >.S: Co., and then with George H. Fuller & .Son, jew- elers, Avhere his intelligence and close ajiplica- tion to business attracted the notice of his employers and he was promoted to the position of foreman. In 1890, in partnership with James K. Dawson, he opened a bicycle store at 122 Broad street, Pawtucket, but the business increa.sed so rapidly that they were compelled to secure larger premises, and moved to their present location at 158 Broad street. They also established one of the largest sporting goods establishment in New ICngland, at 22 North Main street, Pro\-idence. Mr. Dawson's success is no doubt due to his enthusiastic admiration of all athletic sports, but especiallx' bicxcling. He is a member of all and has taken an active jiart in the formation of man\' of the bicycle clubs in Providence and Pawtucket. In frater- nal affairs j\Ir. Dawson is a.ssociated with the Masons and Odd Fellows, and is an attendant of St. Paul's Episcopal church. .Sept. 29, 1891, he was married to Ellen I. Ingham of Accring- ton, England, by which union there are two children. DEAHY, Michael F., son of Mathew and Catherine (Buckley) Deahw was born in Cashel, Ireland, Noveml)er, 1854, antl came to America with his parents when a young child. He attended the Providence public schools until he was fifteen years old when he became a clerk in a dry goods store and followctl that occnjia- tion until 1.S82, when in comiiany with his l)rolliers Thomas 11. and David P., he .started a dry goods store in the Benedict House block. Main street, Pawtucket. The Imsiness pros- MICHAEL F. DEAHY, DRY GOODS DEALER. JOHN E. DAVIS, NAGER SHIPPING DEPARTMENT J. i P. COATS f*-""^ P^* THOMAS H. DEAHY, DRY GOODS DEALER. DANIEL D. DWYER, ESALE PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHANT. JOHN DEVLIN, RETIRED GROCER AND CONTRACTOR, OTIS E. DROWN, . ENGINEER, WITH W. F. A F. C. SAYLES ?94 I LI, r ST RATI'; 1) II IS TORY () I' I'AW T I' C K !•; T. peretl steadilw 'riunnas died in 1S92, and Michael passed a\va\ Aui;. 20, iSg^^, leavini; David entircl\- alone in the Inisiness, at 273 and 277 Main street. Michael was unmarried. DEAHY, Thomas M., a .son of Malhew and Catlierine (Buckley) Deah\-, was horn in Provi- dence, R. I., Sept., 1857, and he and his older brothers and sisters received their education in the Providence public schools. He left scliool about the age of fifteen and went to work in the dry goods house of Thomas Cosgrove &: Co., in whose employ he remained till that firm retired from business, when he as.sociated himself with the II. \V. Ladd Co., Providence, and graduall>- worked his way up to a responsible position with that house. In 18.S2, in company with his okkr brothers, I)a\id P. and Michael F., he opened a dry goods store in the lienedict House block. Main .street, Pawtucket. From the start the undertaking was a success, ninch of which was due to the enterprise and experience of Thomas. He died unmarried in 1892, in his 34th j-ear, greatly lamented by his friends and relatives. David P. Deahy, the present head of the business, was born in Cashel, Ireland, March 17. 1853, went to school until he was seventeen, and worked as a cooper for twelve years. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus and of the Young Men's Catholic Association, and like his two deceased brothers is an independent in politics and a Catholic in religion. The father of the Deahy brothers was liorn in Ireland and like man\- of his countrymen found the pursuit of agriculture under the con- dition existing in that land unprofitable and di.scouraging. Under the.se circum.stances his attention was turned towards the United States, and he removed with his family to this country six years before the war of the rebellion. DELANY, Lyons, was born in Moystown, Kings county, Ireland, Dec. 3, 1850, and attended a private school in Tessauran until he attained his sixteenth year. He early developed commercial tastes and in his boyhood days his chief amusement was the mimic store where he disposed of large cargoes of imaginary stock to his juvenile playmates. His father recognizing the tastes of the boy, placed him with a reliable house in the town of Cavan, where he learned the lea and general grocery trade, and remained there four year. He emigrated to America in 1870, came to Providence, and obtained a situa- tion as manager of the Yokolioma Tea Company, which he held for seven years. He came to Pawtucket in 1877, and establi.shed himself in a small store in the Spencer building, corner of Main and North Main streets. His stock, was \alued at S'loo, and from the first he met with success. In July, 1894, he took into partnership fi\e of his oldest employees and formed the Lyons Delany Co., with an authorized capital of Sioo,ooo, for carrying on a general tea, coffee and spice business at 7 and 9 North Main street. Mr. Delanj- is president of the company. The present store is one of the largest, best .stocked and best equipped in New England. The company also operates coffee and spice mills and has a large and constantly growing trade. Mr. Delany is a Republican, and has served his fellow citizens as councilman from the fourth ward in 1,^92-3-4, and as alderman in 1896. He is a member of Barney Merry Lodge, A. F. and A. M., is an attendant of the Pawtucket Congregational church, and a member of the Business Men's Association. He was married to Clara, daughter of John D. Fraser of New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, May 27, 1875, and by this union there are two children : Lyons Fraser Hill, b. Feb. 2, iSSo; and Charlotte Christabel, b. July 18, 1886. DEMPSEY, James, was one of the best known and most capable dyers and bleachers in the United States. He was born in the county of Wicklow, Ireland, July 30, 1819, and came to this country when 22 years old. He first went to work in a prinlwork in h'all Ri\er, where he remained three years. From there he moved to Providence, but only stayed a .short time, when he went to Lonsdale as over.seer of the dyehouse and gas works of the Lonsdale Company, which positions he held for about 22 years. He also spent some time at Millxille. N. J., where he was agent for tlie then R, I). Wood i\: Co.'s dyehouses and mills. He then went to Peabodw Mass., where he was agent for the Danvers Bleacher}- for three years. He inoC, KAI'II I ICS. 295 then removed to Lewiston, Me., ami was agent and treasurer for the Lewiston Dye Works until 1892, a period of about 21 years. In iSSo he purchased proper! \- in Xorlh Providence and established a bleachery and dye work, in which he installed his sons as man- agers. These works were burned in 1S82 ; but heat once ])rojected, with tlie assistance of his sons, an extensi\x* plant inPawtucket. The works were constructed on his plans, and were designed f r bleaching, d>eing and finishing all kinds of cotton piece goods. The construction of the buildings was be- gun in 18S2, and the plant was stall- ed March, 1S84. The establishment is on the west bank of the Blackstone river, fronting on North Main street, and is b e t w e e n vSmith and Jackson streets. ICxcellent water, of which great quantities are used, is obtained from both artesian and open resen-oir wells, and being clear and soil is james well adapted to the founder of the pevpsi bleaching Imsine.ss. The Iniildings are of l)rick, substantially built and equipped with the best and most impro\eil machiner\-, and all dejiartnients arc ])rotected b\- automatic sprinklers. The capacity ol the works is now fifteen tons per day. After the establishment of these works, Mr. Dcnipsev still continued in his position as agent and treasurer of the Lewiston Dye Works and left the active management of the Pawtucket plant to his two .sons, John J. and William P. In 1883 the concern was incorporated as the Dempsey Bleachery and Dye Works, and the offi- cers were : James Dempsey, president; John J. Dempsey, treasurer ; and William P. Dempsey, agent. In 1892 Mr. Dempsey retired from business, came to Pawtucket, and with his two sons, John J. and William P., erected the mansion house on Park place, which was his home until hisdeath, and is still the family residence. Al- though, when he came to Pawtucket, Mr. Demp.sey was advanced in years and had an ample fortune acquired by means of the many responsible posi- tions he had held, yet he was not con- tent to remain idle. He was a director of the Pacific Na- tional Bank, a member of the Paw- tucket Business Men's Association, antl vice-president of the Lewiston Machine Co. and of the Hills Mills of Lewiston, Me. While (HI his wa\' home from the White Mountains, where with his daughter Mary he had been in attendance at a meeting of the New Lngland Manufacturers' Association, of which he was a mendier, Mr. Dempsey was taken sick on the train. Thinking that he would be better cared for in some house, he with his daughter left the train at Soniersworlh, N. II.. where he DEMPSEY, Y BLEACHERY 296 ILLUSTR ATlvI) HISTORY () l* !'.\\\ T r C K ]vT. died ill a few hours, Oct. i, 1S94, of hoarl dis- ease. He left three children : two sons and a daiis;hter, his wife havini;- died in 1S77. After the death of Mr. Dcnipsex', his son John J. was elected jtrcsick-nl and treasurerof the corporation. DENNIS, John Robertson, son of Isaac and Jane (Fair) Demiis, was born in Portsmouth, R. I., Oct. !,■;, i><,i6. He received his education in thf ])id)lic schools of Central I'alls and in 1.S5J went to work in the spool factor\- ol Rol)crt Cushinan, which has developed through numer- ous changes in partners and organization into The Atwood-Crawford Co. Mr. Dennis has remained with the cnterijrise through all these vicissitudes. For nian\' \ears he has taken an active ])art in local politics, and is now the recognized leader of the Re })ul)Iican party in Central I"alls. As an astute political manager with the abilit)' to marshal his forces success- fullv. he has few ecpials in Rhode Island. At the same time he accomplishes these results in an unostentatious manner. His exertions as a political manager are mainly due to the fact that he is an enthusiastic Republican, and believes thoroughly in his party. He has never been personally benefited by his of ci political labors but is said to be poorer to-day than when he began his political career. He has never held any public office, although he has been the means of enabling many other men to do so. Within the past few years he has been frequently assailed and maligned, has been accused of running the whole conmuinity and controlling the patronage of the new city of Central I'-alls : but he has gone on undismayed, managing effectually the campaigns, and usually winning the ])olitical battles. He is a member of the Lincoln Republican As.sociation. He was married in 1H56 to Ivli/.abeth I'aine of Central Falls. D[£Vl,IN, John, was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, September 1807, and was tlie third child of I'atrick and Rose .\nna (H'Xeil) I)e\-lin. His father was a farmer and linen wea\-er, and belonged to a noted Irish familv. His mother is a descendant nl Lurd O'Xeil, l>nt the male line of the chief branch of that family is now extini't, and the jiresenl rejiresentative is Lord O'Xeil-Chichesler. Jolm received his eihicaliiin in the parish school until he was i') \ ears old, when he went to work assisting his father on the farm and in herding the cattle, and tlien learned to be a carpenter at which he workeil lor some years. He left his father's house in Tyrone, April 15, I S3 1 , and sailed from Belfast three days later in the .ship Belafor, which arrived June 5, 1.S31, at Quebec, Canada. Here he remained for fi\-e weeks, when he went to Mon- treal, and later to North Ri\er, where he worked on the Ciraiiville canal, h'or a short time he was in Cham- berlee, Canada, and in No\-- ember, 1.S31, went to Burling- ton, \'t. From there he went to Lowell, Mass., but in Jan- ary, 1832, came to Providence. There he worked as a car- fji^is penter for some months, and ALLS. at the end of that time went to Fall River. In 1834 he came to Pawtucket. For several j-ears he v\'as employed as a contractor, and built beetling machines both for Uunnell's print- works and for Philip Allen's printworks, Pro\i dence. He then conducted a grocerj- store for fourteen years. His wife's health then broke down, and, as the doctor recommended a resi- dence further inland, he bought a farm at Woonsocket, where they lived for eight \ears. Returning to Pawtucket he started a meat mar- ket, and develo])ed a successful business which he conducted for many years, finally turning it over to his son John H., who still runs it at 7S River street. During the greater part of his lilOORA I'll IKS. 297 life and while conducting his grocery business Mr. Devlin still continued to carry on operations as a contractor. lie built the wharf of the Pawtucket Coal Co., now dccupied b\' the Cit\' Coal Co., constructed the first bathing house ever built in Pawtucket and was one of the contractors for the railroad at Ironstone, Mass., now a part of the New England railroad. Mr. Dexlin has been longer in Pawtucket than any other resident of his natioualit\-, and he is besides the oldest native of Ireland in the connnunity, being in his 90th year and is active and in good health. He is interested in natural history and in local history, and in following out these bents has made an excellent collection of rocks and minerals, and is possessed of a fund of local information which makes his reminiscences valuable and entertaining. He was one of the committee to build the first Catholic church erected in Providence. This was the old Cathedral and occupied the site now covered b}- the SS. Peter and Paul's Cathe- dral, Providence. Eleven times he has crossed the Atlantic, and has many relics of Irish antiquities and curiosities as mementos of these journeys. He belongs to the Franklin Society and the Veteran Citizens Historical Society of Providence. He presided over the first temperance society of Rhode Island. Mr. Devlin is a Democrat, and in religion a Roman Catholic. Jan. 5, 1835, he was married to Mary Sarah Sha)- of Boston, who was born in Salem, and came of old Presbyterian stock, her ancestor having came over in the Mayflower. She was a relative of Gen. Shay. There were seven children born to them, of whom four are now living, Mary Elizabeth, John H., Luc>- .\inie, and Charlotte Baronica. DEXTER, Henry B., at the present time one of the largest tax payers in Pawtucket, when he fir.st started in busine.ss and went to the bank to negotiate a loan, was not oidy asked by the president for securit>-, but was given the gratui- tous information that not one man in a thousand who engaged in business made a success. This remark made a great impression u])cin Mr. Dexter, and throutjh .-dl his wide and varied business experience his success has been such as to place him easily within the exception noted by the bank president. He was born in Pawtucket in 1S27, the son of Captain Waterman T. and Fainiy (Orne) Dexter, and is descended in the seventh genera- tion from the Rev. Gregory Dexter, who came with Roger Williams from England when the latter returned in 1644 with the first charter of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and who was one of the first practical printers in the New World, became town clerk, and was the fourth jiastor of the First Baptist church of Providence. The genealogical line to Henrj- B. is as follows: Rev. Gregory Dexter, b. 1610; John, b. 1652; James, b. 1691 : John, b. 1718; Nathaniel B., b. 1758; Waterman T.. the father of Henry B., b. 1790. Henry B. obtained his education in the public schools and at the private schools then conducted in Pawtucket by Joseph Watts and John Willard. As his parents were poor he began to work very early in life. Before his school da\s were ended he saved money obtained by doing errands and small jobs of work. He was apprenticed to Brown & Clark to learn the trade of a machinist, and after sen'ing his time, he took entire charge of the .shop of John H. Potter for several years. He then engaged in business for himself as a member of the firm of Pindjley, Dexter & Co., and later as Dexter & Cole, employing at times twentj--five men, which in those days was considered a large number. On retiring from the machini.st business, he pur- chased the cardboard and glazed paper indus- try of Ray Potter, his brother-in-law, who.se liabilities, anumnling to $22,000, he assumed, while he ouIn had a capital of $1,000; but by renewals and extensions of notes, he was enabled by good management to pay all the indebted- ness. He carried on the industry under the name of Thomas iS: Co., in a building in the rear (if the present postoffice for fifteen yeai"s, at which time in connection with George H. Clark he erected a new brick building, 50 by 100 feet, four stories high, on Exchange street, and the manufacture of the same line of goods was carried on there under the name of the Rhode 298 ILLUSTRATICD HISTORY OF PAW T U C K I'.T. Island Card Board Company. Dnrinj;^ Mr. Dexter'.s connection with it this concern origin- ated the famous pajicr colhir industry ; and tlie hair-lined cardboard, whicli had a large sale, was the invention of Mr. Dexter. The com- pany placed its products in all parts of the United States and in Europe. In April, 18S9, Mr. Dexter sold out his interest in the Rhode Island Card Board Company, and saik-d (or Ivurope, June 20, 1890, remaining se\en nKinlhs and visiting seven different kingdoms. Tlie follow- ing year he again visited Paris. When Mr. Dexter was nineteen >ears of age he made his first venture in real estate. He jnircliased a house lot, induced his nncle Nathaniel G. H. Dexter to endorse his note, with which he ol)tained money to build a dwell- ing, which he mortgaged to the savings bank, obtaining sufficient rental to pay the interest, and thus finalh' became the owner of his first house. At the present time Mr. Dexter owns twent\-three houses — all of the best character. He con.siders his success largely due to three thing.s — religious instruction, temperance and self reliance. He has attended religious wor- ship all his life, is one of the oldest members of the High Street Universalist church, and was one of its building committee. Since he was of age he has contributed an average f)f $190 per 3'ear for the support of religious wor- ship. He is a total abstainer, having never lasted a glass of liquor, not even in his European experience, although there nearly e\er>' one drinks wine. He is a strong believer in iihrenol- ogy. In his early years he consulted Prof. O. S. Fowler, whose charts had an almost world-wide reputation, and was told that in the midst of the greatest difficulties and obstacles he himself would always be his best counsellor. This gave him great reliance, and the idea of failure in any undertaking was entirely foreign to his nature. Perseverance and hard work have characterized him through life. Mr. Dexter was chosen in 1.S85 (rum Paw- tucket a member of the General Assembly. In the order of Free and Accepted Masons, he is a member of Union Lodge. Royal Arch Chapter, and Holy Sepidchre Commandery of Pawtucket, and of tile vScottisli Rite and Consistory of Prov- idence. He joined Good Samaritan Lodge, Independent Order of Odd p-ellows, at the age of nineteen years, and is a member also of Man- chester F^ncampment. He was married to F'niily, daughter of John Campbell of Pawtucket, May 20, 1857. She died .\])ril 19, 18S;,, He has ne\-er remarried. Of this union one child was born : Katie Bowers Dexter. She was married to Albert H. Stearns, Boston, Mass., and they have four children : .Albert Mavnard, b. Aug. 20 1886; Henry Dcxler, b. March 7, 1888; .\lbert Thomas, b. April 22, 1890; Catherine, b. July lO, i.Syj. DEXTER, James Cook, was born in Cum- berland, R. I., in i8;57, and is a descendant in the seventh generation from the Rev. Gregory Dexter, who was one of the early settlers of the town of Providence and the fourth ])astor of the F'irst Baptist church there. The line of descent is Gregory, John, James, James, Timothy W., and James M., the father of James C. James M. carried on a farm in Cumberland, near the coal mine until 183S, when he emigrated with the conipan\- that was made up in Providence and Pawtucket and which established a coloiiv in JAMES COOK DEXTER FARMER, LONSDALE. HIOGRAl'HIl':S. 299 Illinois, and he was the founder of Providence, Illinois. James C. attended the public schools in Illinois and completed his education at Jubilee College. In 1862 he returned to Cum- l)erlan(l and took charge of the farm of his uncle, E.seck Dexter, who died in 1868. James C. inherited his uncle's property and has ever since carried on the farm, which is located at the corner of Dexter and High streets, Lonsdale. Mr. Dexter is a Republican. He was elected by that party a representative from the town to the General Assembly in 1874-5-6, and was a member of the town council in 1893-5. He belongs to the Pawtucket Business Men's Asso- ciation. He is a member of Christ's church, Lonsdale, and belongs to Unit\' Lodge, No. 34, Lonsdale, A. F. & A. M. He was married to Frances Sara Barrows, and they have three daughters: Fannie O.. Minerva W'., and Hattie B. DILLON, John, the .second .son of Patrick and Mar\- (Owens) Dillon, was born in Ireland, Xov. 4, 1859. His father came to America in 1845, returned to Ireland in 1852, and again came to America in 1S68 with his wife and a fam- il\- of fi\-e children. In Ireland, John went to school several years, and after coming to America attended the public schools of Providence for some time. In 1S92 he bought out the business of Michael Owens, on Titus street. Valley Falls, and has since conducted it successfully on his own account. In politics Mr. Dillon is a Demo- crat. He was president of the \'alley Falls board of firewards in 1894-5, was a member of the town council during the same period, and represented the town of Cumberland in the Rhode Island House of Representatives in 1895- (1. He is a member of St. Patrick's church, Valle\- Falls. In fraternal societies he has always taken an active interest, and belongs to Court Lily, Foresters of America, Valley Falls; Delany Council, No. 57, Knights of Columbus, Pawtucket; Pocas.set Tribe, No. 13, Red Men, Central Falls; and is president of the Hibernian societies of Providence county. In November, 1884, he was married to Mar\- A. Dowling at \'al- ley I'alls, and lhe\- ha\-e two children : Patrick, 1). Dec. 24, 1S87, and Mar\-, b. Dec. i, 18^4. DOUGLASS, George Cowing, was born in Plainfield, Conn., Jan. 15, 1823, and was the first child of Nichols and Elizabeth (Cowing) Doug- lass. He received his education in the public schools of Leloanon, Conn., and North Provi- dence, R. I. At the age of 14 he entered the employ of Heaton & Cowing, where he remained until 1842, but desiring to learn a trade was sent to the firm's factory at Geneva, where he remained for 22 years. In 1864 Mr. Heaton died and Mr. Douglass continued the business in ])artnership with George M. Daniels, who retired in 1S70. In 1876 he removed to Provi- dence, from whence he came to Pawtucket in 1882 and established himself at 51 North Main street, where he has continued in the business as a manufacturer of shoe and corset laces. He is a Republican iu politics and has strong views on financial legislation. He attended the Bap- tist church when young, but is interested in Theosophy at present. Mr. Douglass is descended from a family remarkable for longevity. His father was 89 and his grandfather no when they passed away. DRAPER, Frank Ormond, superintendent of schools. Central P'alls, the only child of Jo.seph Ormond and Ellen A. ( Bartlett) Draper, was born in Pawtucket, Sept. 5, 1862. He is descended in the seventh generation from James Draper, who was born about 1618 in Hepstonstall in the West Riding, Vorkshire, England, came to America about 1650, and died in Roxbury, Mass,, in 1(194. He also traces his descent to John Alden and to Gov- ernor William Bradford, of the Plymouth colony. Two of his ancestors, Stephen Draper, of South Attleboro, Mass., and Joel Bradford, of Attle- boro, sensed in the war of the revolution. His grandfather, Joseph Draper, was born in South Attleboro, Mass., Oct. 25, 1808, married Lucilda Makei)eace, also of South Attleboro, and died in Xorton, Mass., Sept. 30, 1894. Their son, Joseph O. Draper, the father of Frank O., was born in .South Attleboro, July 17, 1S34, and was married May 19, 1S61, to Ellen A. Bartlett, who was born Feb. 14, 1833, in Lincoln. R. I. He died in Pawtucket, July 4, 18&4. Frank O. was educated in the High street JOSEPH ANOERTON, FOREMArj OF CONSTRUCTION, LORRAINE MILLS. HENRY BARKER, VERSEER WEAVING DEPARTMENT, LORRAINE f HENRY J. CHALK, HENRY S. COLE, OF COLE BROS., ENGINE BUILl JOHN DILLON, REPRESENTATIVE FROM CUMBERLAND TO GENeRAL ASSEMBLY 1898-6. JOSEPH E. FALES, OF FALES BROS., GROCERS, C. f. BIOC, R APHIKS. 301 grammar schoul and the high school of Paw- tucket, ami at llrowii Univ-ersity, class of 1886. He received the degree of A. M. in i88g. In September, 1886, he was appointed principal of the new Garden street grammar school, Paw- tucket, and remained in that position until 1892, wlicn he was appointed superintendent of schools in the town of Lincoln upon the adoption of the town system of .school government. At the division of the town and the incorporation of the city of Central Falls, April, 1895, he was appointed superintendent of schools in both the town of IJncoln and the city of Central Falls, and siill lii)l(ls tho.se positions. June 28, 1889, he was married to Ida A. Tiffany, in Central Falls, R. I. Mr. Draper is a member of Union Lodge, A. F. & A. M., Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter, and Holy Sepulchre Commandery, K. T., and is also a member of Kureka Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and of the Grand Lodge, K. P., of Rhode Island. DROWN, Otis E., the third child of Royal and Bets}- (Medbury) Drown, was born in Rehoboth, Mass., Oct. 23, 1S22. His parents moved to Pawtucket in 1830, and lived until 1883 in a cottage house which stood on the site now occupied by the police station on North Main street, when they returned to Reho- both. Otis attended school in Rehoboth and Pawtucket, until he was sixteen years old, and then worked on a farm until he was nineteen. He then started to learn the carpenter and wheelwright trade with his father, but com- pleted his apprenticeship with the well-known builders, Lewin & Fisk. He continued to work for this firm after he became a journey- man, but was soon promoted to be foreman and master mechanic, and while acting in this capacity he did much of the construction and repairs at Dunnell's printworks for a period of about ten years. He then opened a shoj) for himself and executed various mechanical work for numerous mills. In 1854 the Sayles bleachery was burned, but was at once rebuilt, and Mr. Drown planned all the machinery and super\-ised the placing of the larger part of it. He worked for W. V. Sayles as ma.ster mechanic, engineer anil draughtsman, from 1856 to 1863, when he engaged with William Jeffers, the builder of fire engines. Shortly after he became a mechanic for Darius Goff, for whom he worked three \ears. He then became a partner in the firm of Lewin, Kenyon & Co., contractors and builders, and during this period superintended the erection of many structures. In 1S77 he dissolved his connection with that firm and reengaged with W. h". (.S: V. C. Sayles as mechanical and civil engineer, and superin- tendent of buildings, and still continues to hold that position. He is a skilled draughtsman and has a thorough knowledge of construction. Mr. Drown was married Nov. 16, 1847, to Anna Maria, sister of Captain William Jeffers. They had eight children. The name Drown is said to iiavc originated in Wales. The founder of the American branch of the family was Joshua Drown who came to New England about 1670. He was married to Mary Toogood, and their son Capt. Drown lived in Bristol, R. I. He was a sea captain and was lost at .sea in 1748. His son Nathaniel Drown was a soldier in the revolution, and was the father of Royal Payne Drown, who was born in Rehoboth in 1774, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died in 1825. lie married Lucy Bliss, and his .son Royal Drown, born in 1896, was the father of Otis li. Ebenezer Medway, the father of Mr. Drown's mother, was a sailor on a i)ri\ateer in the war of the revolution, was captured and carried into Halifax, but escaped during a storm, and afterwards sensed in the Continental army. He died young, but his wife received a jiension during her life. DWYER, Daniel DeWitt. one of Paw- tucket's successful business men, was born in Web.ster, Mass., Nov. 28, 1855, and is the first child of John O. and Sarah A. (Ryan) Dwyer. He attended the public .schools of his native town and then spent two years in the Dudley Academx , Dudley, Ma.ss. His first employment was on his father's farm, but as he had no taste for agricultural pursuits, he soon abandoned this occupation and then engaged in the li\erv business in Webster. This did not 302 ILLUvSTRATIvD HISTORY O I- PAWTUC K IvT. prove successful, and in 1878 he established at Springfield, Mass., a commission house for the sale of hay, grain, fruit and general produce, which was successful from the start. He dis- po.sed of this business in 1S81 for a considerable sum and then started the wholesale meat busi- ness at Danbury, Conn. He then came to Paw- tucket in 1885 anil establi.shed the wholesale conuni.ssion business, since successfully con- ducted by him, corner of Bayley and Connnerce streets. Mr. Dwyer stands in the front rank in his line and has met with success from the .start. In political matters he is an independent. May 20, 1888, he was married to Margaret W. Smith of Springfield, Mass., by which union there are two children : Annie Elizabeth, b. April 20, 1890, and Raymond D., b. Dec. 18, 1894. Mr. Dwyer's father, like so many of his countrymen, desiring to advance in the world, saw no ojjportunity for doing so in his native land, Ireland, so he turned his steps towards the United States, attracted by the broad field offered here for men of promi.se and energy. After a few years of industry and frugality he was enabled to purcha.se a farm in Webster, Mass., where he brought up a large family in comfort and resjiectability. EASTON, Frederick VVillard, was born in Providence, R. I., Oct. 17, 1852, and is the sixth child of Nicholas Redwood and Mary (Eddy) Easton. He attended the public schools of Central Falls until he attained his fourteenth year, and completed his education in Mo wry & Goff's Engli.sh and Classical School in Provi- dence, graduating in 1870. His finst occupation was as clerk for Snow & Lewis of Providence for one year, after which he worked for William H. Fenner for two years. In 1873 he entered the machine sho]) of Easton & Burnham, of which firm his father was senior member, and learned the business thoroughl}-. After spending seven j-ears in the shop he was employed in the office and by degrees took charge of matters until 1879, when he was admitted to the firm. ITpon the incorporation of the company in 1891, he was elected treasurer, which position he now holds. Mr. Easton is a Republican and has taken a prominent part in both state and city affairs. lie was a member of the town council in 1883, a member of the .sewer connnission from 1885 to 1894, and is no\s' a member of the board of control of the State Home and School. In 1891 he was elected to the Rhode I.sland House of Representatives, and was cho.sen senator from Pawtucket in 1892, 1894 and 1895. He is a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Asso- ciation and was first lieutenant of Tower Light Infantry for the first three j-ears. He attends the First Congregational church. Oct. 4, 1876, he was married to Agnes F. Barker, by which union there are three children: Robert B., b. March 5, 1S80; Nicholas R., b. Aug 21, iSSi ; Frederick W., Jr., b. A])ril 2, iSgo. EVANS, John, was born June 16, 1820, at \'allowshill, in the parish of St. Twinals in the county of Pembroke, South Wales, Great Britain. From the age of six until he was twelve he attended the common schools of his native dis- trict, was then apprenticed to a tailor and, fol- lowing the customs of the time and country, served seven years to learn the trade. P'or three 3'ears he worked as a journeyman. In 1842 he was married, and .started in business on his own account in the parish of St. Michaels, Pembroke. He continued in this business and place until 1870 when with his wife and family he came to Pawtucket, and worked four j-ears for Wilson & Carpenter. In 1874 he started in Pawtucket as a merchant tailor, and stills carries on the business in company with his son John M., under the firm name of John Evans & Son, at 406 Main street, in the Evans & Deacon build- ing. For more than fift}- years he and his wife lived happily together, and she died in 1893. Mr. Evans's ancestors were sturdy yeoman. His grandfather, George Evans, was a fisherman in Angle ; his mother's father, George Williams, was a butcher ; and his father, Abram Evans, was a farmer. For fifty years Mr. Ev'ans has been a member of the Methodi.st church, and now belongs to the Embury M. E. church. Central Falls. He is a member of Temple of Honor, No. 4, Pawtucket. Despite his 76 years Mr Evans is still hale and hearty, and attends to business dailv. BIOGRAPHIEvS. 303 EVERETT, Qeorge Francis, the first child of George \V. and Prances (Austin) Ivverett, was born in Wrenthani, Mass., Maj- 3, i HISTORY ( ) !• I' A \V T U C K I'/P. with offices in Cole's block. He has taken hii;h rank in his profession, has conducted suc- cessfully nuui}' difficult cases, and has an exten- sive general practice. Mr. I-'arnswurlh is a Democrat and has taken a somewhat prciniinent jiart in juiblic affairs for a young man. He- was jirivate secretary to Gov. John W. l)a\is from 1.SS7 to 1890 and was a member of the Gen- eral Assembly in 1893. He is a jirominent Mason. April 29, i• which union there is one child, Claude J. l-'arnsworlh, Jr., b. June 1 1, 1S95. FARWELL, Frederick S., was liorn in New I'ane, \'t., Jan. 11, 184;^, and was the second child of Lemuel and .\my H. ( Walden ) Karwell. He attended the pul)Iic schools of his native town until he was twehe >ears old. After leaving school he found em])Ioyniunt in a woolen factor\- at Millville, Mass., where he learned to be a weaver, at which occupation he worked five years, when lie went to Uxbridge, Mass., and engaged in making loom harnesses and chains at the Sa_\les Mills. January, 1S61, he entered the emploj- of Phetteplace & Sea- graves as section hand in the weaving room of their mill at Graniteville, R. I., where he remained two years. He then had charge of the weaving room for Philip Hawkins at Pas- coag, R. I., for one year. From there he went to the mill of A. L. Sayles at Pascoag as super- intendent, a position which he ably and accept- ablj- filled for nine years. Being ambitious and desirous of establishing a manufacturing busi- ness of his own, he entered into partnership in 1S73 with William Tinkhani in the purchase of the Harrisville woolen mills and operated them with marked succe.ss under the firm name of Tinkham & Farvvell until 1884, when Mr. Karwell .sold out to Mr. Tinkham. He then entered into partnership with Charles Fletcher and operated the National Worsted Mills at Olneyville, Mr. Farvvell introducing and super- intending the weaving department. In 1891 he ])urchase(l Mr. F'letcher's interest in the mills and although the firm had become a corpora- tion, he being the largest stockholder, practic- ally conducted the business. In 1893 the National Wor.sted Mills, belonging largely to Mr. Farvvell, were consolidated with the Provi- dence Worsted Mills, in which Mr. Fletcher was the heaviest and controlling owner, by the name (il the National and Providence Wor.sted Mills, under a charter from the Rhode Island General Assendily, with an authorized capital of $2,000,- 000. When Mr. Farvvell .started the National Worsted Mills he only had 75 looms in operation but at the time of the consolidation these had increased to 337. He remained with the new corporation as superintendent of the weaving mills about eighteen months when he resigned. In 1894 he purchased the Central Falls Woolen Mills of 39 looms, but he has developed this plant until now he has in operation 109 looms. As a manufacturer Mr. Farwell is thoroughly proficient in all the details of his own industry, and his success is due to his accui^te practical knowledge, supplemented by good executive ability and skill as a financier. In Masonic circles Mr. Farwell has been active. He is a pa.st master of Granite Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of Burrillville, R. I., and a member of Calvary Commandery of Providence. He belongs to the Pomham, the West Side, the Country, and the Rhode Island Yacht Clubs, and to the Providence Athletic Association. He is an attendant of the Cranston Street Bap- tist church. Rev. Mr. Bixby, pastor. Politically he is a Republican and a believer in a high tariff. March 14, 1863, he was married to Helen M. Buchanan of Thompson, Conn., by which union there were two children: I{tta A., b. June 16, 1864 ; and Jennie A., b. Aug. 24, 1S70, d. Jan. 19. 1S72. Mr. Farvv'ell is descended on both sides from old New England families who trace their descent back to the first settlement of the coun- try. His father, Lemuel Farvvell, was b. in Townsend, \'t., Jan. 13, i,Si2, and d. Oct. i, 1894, at North Cirafton, Mass. His mother. Amy B. Walden, b. in Glocester, R. I., Dec. 10, 182 1 , is still living in the enjoyment of good health. FESSENDEN, Benjamin, the Hon., born June 13, 1797, died Jan. 6, 1881, was a member of a family whose history is coeval with the set- tlement of New England. He upheld the honor 1'. roc, R A I'll I ES. 307 and dignity of his anccstrx- and was wortliv of reniemfjrance for liis own aclu(.-\x-incnts and character. The first of the name in America was John Fessenden, who came from Kent, Englanil, and settled in Cambridge, Mass., in 1636. He died without issue, leaving his propert}' to his nephew and niece, Nicholas and Hannah Fessenden. Nicholes left numerous descendants and was the direct ancestor of the family. The .seventh son of Nicholas was Beiijamin, born Jan. 30, 1701, who was graduated at Harvard College in 17 iS, was the minister of the church at Sandwich, Mass., from vSept. 12, 1722, to his death, Aug. 7, 1746, and was also a physician. His eldest son, also named Benjamin, was likewise edu- cated for the ministry, graduating from Harvard in 1746, but became an innholder in Sandwich, and died Oct. 24, 1783. The third son of tlie secon had three children, Joanna Francis, b. Nov. 23, 1840, d. Dec. 18, 1842 ; Frank Duane and Stephen Francis, twins, b. in Pawtucket, Dec. 13, 1843. Frank Duane d. March ly, 1895. The American founder of the Fisk family is supposed to have come to this country about 1620, and the family line is traced back to Symond Fisk, lord of the manor of Steadhangle, Suffolk county, I^ngland. A genealogy, pre- pared by P'red C. Pierce, 120 Fifth avenue Chicago, III., is now in tlie hands of the pub- lishers. FISK, Stephen Francis, son of the foregoing, was educated in the jniblic schools of Pawtucket and Providence until he was 17 years old. He learned the drug business with J. Balch & Son of Providence after a four year cour.se, and in 1869 he opened a druggist's establishment at his present location, 215 Main street, where he conducts a high class and successful business in this line. Mr. Fisk served during the war of the rebellion in the 9th Rhode Island Regiment. For five years he was a member of the state militia, and during this period was on the staff of General William R. Walker with the rank of major. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Congregational Club. He is a past uia.ster of Union Lodge of Free Masons, is a Knight Templar and a member of the Mys- tic .Shrine, belongs to the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, the To Kalon Club, and is a charter member of Tower Post, G. A. R. Jan. 1,1. 1^*^75. he was married to Susan Joanna Shel- don of Providence, and they have one daughter, Hope Sheldon Fisk, b. July 15, 1882. .Mr. Fisk with his famih' resiilcs in the old mansion, erected by his father, and his mother is a mem- ber of the household. FITZ, Edward Eustace, the third child of the Re\-. William and b'Uen L. (.Salisbury) Fitz, was born in Westerly, R. I., Aug. 23, 1862. He went to school until he was sixteen years old, when he became a clerk in a retail grocerj- .store in Burrillville, R. I. Removing thence to Providence he continued in the same busi- ness. In 1880 he became a clerk for the Nichol- .son F'ile Co., of Providence, and was steadily promoted, becoming superintendent's clerk and finally purchasing agent, and remained with the company nine years. He next secured the posi- tion of superintendent of the New American File Co., Central Falls, which concern was pur- vo ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OK PAWTlCKKT cliasi.'il 1)\- the- Xicliolsou l"ik- Co. in November, iSyi). wiili wliciin he- i\iiiaiii(.-(l in the same posi- tion until the spiini; of i.Sy6, when he assumed control as superintendent of the parent plant at Providence. I'nder Mr. Fitz's administration the Central Falls plant increased from an output of 300 to 1200 dozen per da)\ The Nicholson File Company has a plant at Beaver Falls, Pa., which is the lart^est concern of its kind west of New Kngland, and Mr. Fitz is also manager of this establishment. May 26, 1.SS6, he was mar- ried to Mimiie L. Whelden of l^ast Providence, by which union there are two children : Helen E., b. Nov. 24, iSSS, and lu'Ie \V., 1). Feb. I , I S9 1 . The I'"itz familv haxx- been prominent in Massachusetts for generations. Mr. Fitz's father, who was a prominent Baptist minister, was b. in Haverhill, Mass.. Aug. 5, 1828, and (I. in Hurrillville, R. I., Jan. S, 1S95. His uncle, the Hon. H. C. Fitz, was mayor of Chel- sea, Mass., a Massachusetts state senator, and a member of the governor's .staff. His maternal grandfather, Daniel M. Sali.sbury, was one of the jiioneer cotton manufacturers in Bunillville, R. 1., carried on a general store there for many years and his ancestors were among the first settlers of northern Rhode Island. FOLLETT, Francis F., was born in vSwan- sea, Mass., in 1820. His ancestors were among the first settlers of the Old Colon>', and the Fol- lets have been numerous and prominent in Swansea and Reholwth for generations. Many of them were ship builders in vSwansea during the last and early in the present century. After obtaining a meagre amount of schooling, P'rancis F. came to Pawtucket, Mass., in 1835, and learned the trade of cigar making, which industr\- both as a journe\nian and a nianufac- tun.-r lie has followetl all his life. In 1S67 in company with his son, Ferdinand A. Follett, he engaged in cigar manufacturing on Green street, Pawtucket, under the firm name of F. F. Follett & Son. Father and son worked well together, and built up an extensive and paying business. The father was the traveling man while the son was the buyer of stock and manager of the fac- tory. This arrangement contiinied until 1893 when 1'". 1'". b'ollett retired in fa\-or of his son, who now owns the business entirelw FOLLETT, Ferdinand A., son of Francis I'. lM)llett, was born in Pawtucket, Mass., July, 1845. He was educated in the Pawtucket ]>ub- lic schools, and when he left school began to learn the trade of a cigar maker. From 1867 until 1893 he was in business as a cigar manu- facturer with his father under the name of F". F. Follett I.S; Son. In the latter year his father retired, the business was incorporated as the F. F. Follett & Son Company, and Mr. Follett has since conducted it at the old location, 9 Green street. The company now employs from twenty to thirty people, makes from 1,000,- 000 to 1,800,000 cigars a year, covers Rhode Lsland by wagons, and makes the Crown, La Rosa, Crown Junior, Cavalier, B. K., Eagle, Newport, and many private brands of cigars. The cigars have always been of a high grade, which accounts for the popularity they have at- tained. The establishment has been the largest cigar mainifactory in Pawtucket since 1864. In national politics Mr. Follett is a Repub- lican. He enlisted in 1862 in the 9th Rhode Island Regiment. He belongs to the Barney Merry Lodge of Masons, United Workmen, and the Pawtucket Business Men's Association. In 1867 he was married to Susan, daughter of Joseph Quamby of Pawtucket, and the}- have two children : Frederick L., and C^race E., twins, b. 1868. FOLLETT, Jabez, was born in the town of vSmithfield in 1821. His early opportunities for education were very limited, as he attended school only three months in the year, and worked on his father's farm and at the lime kilns the rest of the time. When 15 years old he took a course at the academy in Oxford, Mass. I'rom the age of 17 until he was ji he worked with his father in the lime induslrv. He llien ileter- mined to depart from the customs of liis ancestors and seek for success in other lines. Accordingly he went to work for Clark Pierce, candy maini- facturer, of Central Falls, as a traveling sales- man in Massachu.setts and Rhode Island, and held this position for three xears. Then he became a stage dri\ei lor W'elherell \- P>ennett. JAMES R. FAIRWEATHER, STAIR BUILDER AND CABINET MAKER JABE2 FOLLETT, : OF FOLLETT 4 STEERE EXPRESS CO. FRANCIS F. FOLLETT, FERDINAND A. FOLLETT, OF F. F. FOLLETT t GEORGE H. FULLER, FOUNDER OF GEORGE H. FULLER \ SON CHARLES H. FULLER, OF GEORGE H. FULLER \ SON. 312 ILLUSTRATin) IIISTORV OK PAWTUCKIvT. who operated a line of coaches between Pro\-i- deiice and I'awtncket. He was a jiopular dri\-ev, for he averaged 40 niiiiules for tlie tri]) with four horses, and made three trips dail\ . When Sterry Fry succeeded Wetherell ^: Bennett in 1854, Mr. I''ollett nuule six trips. The fare was 12'.. cents and was soon reduced to 10 cents each way. He was on the line about 12 years, when he had saved sufficient money to enable him to start in busine.ss for himself. He then bought out the expressing and teaming business of Charles Baker of Central Falls, at once put on a line of teams to Providence, carried a large amount of freight, and the increase of business was such that he employed forty horses constantly. His foresight caused him to add to the business the selling of horses, carriages, harnesses, etc. He prospered and accumulated considerable property. The head- quarters of the business were on Cross street. About 1S83 Mr. Follett sold the Providence exjiress traffic and all the horses to P. C. Lull, and has since devoted his time to looking after his investments. He now resides in a beautiful modern mansion, corner of Washington antl Central streets, Central Falls. At the age of 75 Mr. Follett is hale and hearty and is full of in- terest in all things. He was married in 1S45 to Susan A. Chamberlin of Central Falls. The F'ollett faniilw consisting of three brothers and five si.sters, came from Fjigland to America early in the last century, and settled in vSmithfield and Cumberland. They were among the first settlers and they and their descendants have resided in those neighborhoods ever since. Down to Mr. Follett's grandfather time the)' were all farmers. Mr. Follett's father, Leonard J. Follett, moved to Smithfield when a boy, conducted a farm awhile, and also engaged in lime burning. He was a successful and industrious man, and died in 1S54, when 62 years of age. The eldest son, L. J. Follett, left Smithfield about iSs*^'. went to Adams, Mass., and founded the lime business there. He is now deceased but the business is carried on by his sons under the firm name of L. J. Follett & Sons. They also have an extensi\e lime business at Pownal, \'t. FONTAINE, Hermenegilde, the second child of Tiniothee and \'irginie (Forant) F'on- taine, was born in St. Angele, Quebec, Canada, June 11, iSi^is, and obtained his education in the elementary schools of his native country. In March, 1880, he came to Central F'alls and went to work in the store of ,St. Germain, corner Broad and Fales street. He then became book- keeper for John M. F^'ournier, devoted himself assiduously to ma.stering the business and is now head bookkeeper and confidential clerk for Founder & Schiller Co. At the second city election in Central Falls he was chosen alder- man from the second ward on the Republican ticket. He belongs to the Church of the Sacred Heart, Central Falls, was a charter member of the Cercle Jacques Cartier, and is a member of the St. Jean Bapti-ste Societj-. In 1891 he was married to Rosanna Rocheleau, and they have three children : Elzear, b. April 18, 1892 ; Edgar, b. Jul\- II, 1894: Fernand, b. April 11, 1896. FORTIER, Adelard, J., D.D.S., the second child of Adolph and \'italine (La liranche) h'ortier, was born in Baltic, Conn., l-'eb. 24, 187 1. He received his primary education in the public schools of Connecticut, and then entered Holy Cross College, Farnham, P. Q., Canada, from which he was graduated in 18.SS. He was a teacher at that college foi- one term, at the end of which time he came to Pawtucket and entered the dry goods business, in which he remained until 1S90. He then turned his attention to the study of dentistry, entered the Baltimore College of Dental Surgerj- in 1891, and was graduated in 1894 with the degree of I). D. vS. Lpon his return to Pawtucket he established himself at 6 Park place where he practices his profession succe.ssfnlly. The doc- tor is a member of the Rhode Island Dental Society and belongs to the Knights of Pythias. In national and state politics he is a Democrat. Di-. Fortier's father was born at .St. Judes, l'rn\ince of Quebec, his mother at St. H\acin- the. The ancestors of both were amung the earliest I'rench settlers of Canada. FOURNIER, John M., the oldest child .if James and l'",lmire (Cliagnon) l'"iiuinier, was born ()ct. ly, 1845, in Mariexille, Canada. BIOOKAPHIKvS. 313 llntil he was 12 years old he attended the public schools of his native place, and then worked on his father's farm until he was 16. At that age he began to learn the trade of carriage making, and at the exjiiration of his ajiprenticeship, when 19 years olil, in 1S65, he came to Troy, N. Y. The following year he came to Rhode Island antl located in Central Falls, secured employ- ment as a house carpenter, and through careful frugality and self-denial saved sufficient to enable him to invest in real estate. His venture proved profitable and in 1871 he opened a meat market in partnership with his brother Joseph, under the firm name of Fournier Bros. One year later they added a stock of groceries, making a gen- eral grocery and provision store, which business was continued until 1 874, when'Joseph sold his in- terest. The name was then changed to Fournier & Co., under which style it was conducted until 1879, when Hector vSchiller became a partner under the name, Union Cash Store, Fournier «S: Schiller, proprietors. Three years later the firm added boots and shoes, hats, caps, and gentlemen's furnishings, converting the store into a large general emporium. In 1882 Alphon.se Schiller was admitted a partner. In 1883 the firm opened a bakery on Sheridan street in connection with the store, which ven- ture also proved successful, and in 1885 com- menced the manufacture of preserves, jams and jellies, and in 1888 the canning industr}- was introduced. Having such demands for the goods and with trade increasing so constantly that more room was needed, the firm constructed the building now occupied, and added necessar}' machinery and implements as required by the business. Jan. 1892, it was concluded to divide the business. Messrs. Fournier and Alphonse Schiller took the bakery, canning and preserv- ing departments, and have since devoted all their energies to the development of this business with such good result that it is now the largest plant of its kind in Rhode Island. The estab- lishment is located at 9 and 11 Sheridan street, Central Falls. Besides an extensive bakery, there are departments devoted to preserving, canning, pickling and making ketchup and mus- tard, and maple sugar and syrup are dealt in extensively. In 1893 the business was incor- porated as the Fournier & Schiller Co., Mr. I'-ournicr being the president and treasurer. In politics Mr. Fournier is an active Repub- lican and has been repeatedly honored by the peoj)le of Lincoln and the city of Central Falls. He was a member of the town council in 1887-8, town auelitor from 1892 to 1895, a commissioner of the sinking fund of the Central P'alls P'ire District, and is now a cunimi.ssioner of the sink- ing fund of Central I'alls. Mr. Fournier was a member of the legislature from Lincoln from 1892 to 1895, and most faithfully di.scharged the duties thus devolving upon him. He also represented the city of Central Falls in the legislature in 1895 and 1896. He was com- pelled to retire from the legislature because of the constant increase of his business. As a staunch Republican, he has been one of the leaders of the party in this section, respected and esteemed alike in business and social cir- cles. In 1867 he was married to Louise Ruel. By this union there are two children : Exeline and Delia. His first wife died in 1873, and he was married to Louise Schiller in 1876, b^- which union there is no issue. FOWLER, George Herbert, the son of George D. and Abigail (Adams) Fowler, was born in Northbridge, Mass., July 16, 1852. He attended school in Barre, Mass., whither his family removed in 1854, until he attained his sixteenth year. Then for a short time he went to Worcester Academy, but having determined to study mechanical engineering he entered Worcester Polytechnic Institute, from which he was graduated with honors in 1873. He then went to work in a small machine shop in Provi- dence, where he remained until 1874, when he connected himself with the Providence Tool Co. In his capacity as draughtsman he made the acquaintance of George H. Webb who was con- structing some machines for that company, and from this casual intercourse his connection with the Pawtucket Manufacturing Co. commenced. His ability impressed Mr. Webb who engaged him as soon as he found his sen-ices could be secured. On the incorporation of the Pawtucket Manufacturing Co. in 1882, Mr. Fowler was 314 ILI.USTR ATIU) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. elected treasurer and retained that position until his death, Jan. 4, 1.S95. His loss was severely felt by the company, but it falls most heavily on Mr. Webb, the general manager, who sadlj- misses Mr. Fowler's sympathetic intelligence and his quick comprehension of the mechanical devices placed before him. In all his business relations Mr. F''owler was a man of strict integrity and high principles, and his treatment of his employees was always considerate and kind. He was a man of strong domestic tendencies and outside ol the duties due his family and friends took no active part in general affairs. He was married to Lula A. Reynokls. Dec. 7, 1SS7, who .still survives him. FREEMAN, Edward Livingston, is one of the ablest public and business men in the state of Rhode Island. He was born Sept. 10, 1835, in Waterville, Me., and was the first born child of the Rev. Edward and Harriet (Colburn) I'reeman. He received his early education from his father and was prepared to enter college ; but developing a desire to learn the printer's art was apprenticed when 15 jears old in 1S50 to A. W. Pearce, of Pawtucket, R. I. Having acquired a thorough knowledge of his trade he obtained a position as journeyman with the firm of Hammond, Angell & Co., of Providence, and was finalh- admitted to the firm. In 1863 he disposed of his interest and opened a printing office in a small room in the large three story brick building (now owned liy him) in Central F'alls, R. I. His entire staff consisted of two men and a boy. F'rom this modest beginning he has built up one of the largest printing and publishing establishments in the state and now occupies the entire block. In 1869 he began the publication of the Weekly Visitor, a journal that contributed greatly to the growth and development of Central Falls and vicinity. For 21 years he cojidiicted this newspaper success- fully, and sold it to David J. White of Paw- tucket in 1890. In 1873 John K. Goldsworthy was admitted as a partner, under the firm name of E. L. Freeman & Co. Mr. Ooldsworthy retired in 1885 and Mr. Freeman's oldest son, William C, was admitted to partnership under the firm name of E. L. Freeman &. Son. In March, 1896, his second son, Joseph W., was admitted to the firm and is now the general manager of the printing department. Since 1877 all the official printing for the .state of Rhode Island, including the public laws and all reports and documents, has been done in the firm's establishment at Central Falls. In 1877 the hou.se purchased a large book and stationary store in Providence, and in 1888 opened a similar store in Pawtucket. These stores were success- ful from the first, and the volume of business transacted is continually increasing every year. In public affairs Mr. Freeman has a distin- guished record. He has served the people in var- ious capacities from fireward to .state senator, and always with honor and distinction. He earh- de- veloped a remarkable capacity for the clear and comprehensive under.standing of public matters and being a man of progressive thought has made a deep impress on the legislation of this state. For nineteen years he was a member of the board of firewards (the governing-body of Central Falls) and was also a school trustee. For twenty-one \"ears he has been a member of the Rhode Island legislature ; representative from the old town of Smithfield, 1868-70 ; sena- tor from Smithfield, 1870-1; senator from Lincoln, 1S71-2; representative 1874-7, 1879-89, and was Speaker of the House from May, 1874 to 1S76. He was elected senator from Lincoln 1892, and has been re-elected from that town and from the city of Central Falls at every election since. He is now chairman of the judiciary committee of the senate. Mr. F'ree- man is a fluent speaker, a man of clear, positive ideas, and for many years has been the legisla- tive leader of his party. He has been state railroad commissioner since 1S88. Before the reorganization of the state militia he was colonel of the Union Guard, one of the oldest military organizations in the state. He is a director in many corporations, where his business sagacity is highly valued. He joined the Central Falls Congregational church in 1855 and has ever since taken an active part in the Sunday school work. In 1883 he was made superintendent aiul still discharges the duties of that office. In Masonic affairs Mr. F-reeman has been dis- BIOG RAPHIKS. 315 tinguished above most members of the Craft. He has filled nearly every important office in the order in the state. At present he is the oldest Past Grand Master and is also Past Grand Commander of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templars of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. He is likewise a member of many other fraternal societies. Nov. 10, 1858, he was married to Emma E. Brown of Central P'alls, b}' which union there were seven child- ren, two of whom are deceased. Those living are ; William C, b. Aug. 11, 1859 ; Joseph \V., h. May 9, 1S63 ; P'dward, b. April 13, 1S67, now a Methodist clergyman; E)mma R., 1). Sept. 13, 1865; Lucy J., b. Nov. 19, 1873. Mr. Freeman traces his ancestry back to some of the first .settlers of Massachusetts. His grandfather, Edward Freeman, was born in 1 78 1, and his grandmother, Sarah Thayer, was born Aug. 5, 1783. His father, who was born in Mendon, Mass., in April, 1806, was an eminent Bapti.st clergyman and a scholar of prominence. He graduated in the class of 1833 from Brown University, Providence, R. I., and studied theo- logy in the University of the Baptist church. He died in Camden, Me., in 1883, beloved and regretted by all who knew the worth of his sterling character. Mr. Freeman's mother v^-as born in 1815 at Dedliam, Mass., and received a classical education at the Medfield, Mass., high school, from which she was graduated with high honors. She was a linguist of a high order, and taught French and L,atin for man}- years. She died when in the prime of life, aged 37 years. FREEMAN, Joseph Wood, the second son of Edward L. and Emma E. (Brown) Freeman, was born in Central Falls, May 9, 1863. After attending the public schools, at the age of 14 he entered Mowry & Goff's EnglLsh and Classical school. Providence, where he fitted for college. He was graduated from Brown University with the degree of A.B. in 1885, and in 1889 received the degree of Master of Arts. Immediately upon leaving college, Mr. Freeman became editor of the Central Falls Weekly Visitor, which he conducted until 1890, when the paper was sold and consolidated with the Pawtucket Record. Since then he has devoted his time to JOSEPH W. FREEMAN, OF E. L. FREEMAN A SONS. the printing business, is now a member of the firm of E. L. Freeman & Sons, and has charge of the printing office in Central Falls. He has been librarian of the Central Falls Free Public Library from its establishment in 1882 until the present time and has devoted much time and care to its management. During this period it has grown from one of the smallest libraries in the state, having less than 900 vol- umes, to one of the largest, now having about 7000 volumes. While greatlj' handicapped Ijy insufficient appropriations and unsuitable quar- ters it has accomplished much good work and its selection of books has been frequently and warmly commended. Mr. Freeman has held several town offices, having been clerk and moderator of the voting district of Central Falls, a member of the Lincoln school committee, and secretary and chairman of the board of sewer connnissioners. Mr. Freeman was one of the special super- visors at the town election in 1890, when the famous "tissue ballot " frauds were discovered, and it was largely owing to his detennined oppo- sition to the count made by the election officials on election day, and his record then made, backed up by his convincing testimony before 3i6 ILLUSTK ATl'I) HISTORY OF I'AW T U C K I':T. the .Sii])reiiie Court, that the fraxul was detected ami the victory awarded to the successful party. Ik- is actively interested in Masonic affairs and is a Knight Templar as well as a 32d degree Mason in the Scottish Rite. In 1894 he was W. Master of Union Lodge, No. 10, A. I', and .\. M. of I'awtncket. Mr. Freeman is a nieni- lit-r ol the Lincoln Republican Association, Hallou Post Associates, Rhode Island Master Printers A.ssociation, Central F'alls Veteran F'iremen's Association, M>stic vShrine, and other societies. He has written numerous historical sketches, and compiled many catalogues and reports. He was married June 23, i.S,S6, to Elizabeth King Fales, daughter of the late Oeorge S. and Frances (Baker) b'ales of Paw- tucket. George S. Fales was a prominent leather manufacturer of Pawtucket, the son of Da\id C. Fales and brother of John R. F^ales, of the I'ales & Jenks Machine Co. He was an expert mining engineer, and the la.st ten years of his life were spent principally in Mexico and the United States of Colombia, South America, in erecting mining machinerj-. Mr. Freeman has four children : David Lincoln, b. June 8, 1887 ; Edward Livingston, b. Jul}- 10, 1891 ; Elizabeth King Fales, b. Oct. 28, 1893 ; and Frances Louise, b. July 2, 1895. FREEMAN, William Capron, oldest child of luhvard L. and Emma E. (Brown) Freeman, was born in Central F'alls, Aug. 11, 1859. He received his early education in the inililic schools of Central Falls, and then went to Mowry & Goff's English and Classical School, Providence, but left that institution before he had graduated, to take a position in his father's book and stationary store in Providence. B\- strict apjilication he mastered every detail of the retail business, and eventually became man- ager of the store. In 1885 he purchased John E. Goldsworthy's interest in the firm, the name of which was then changed from I^. L. Freeman & Co., to E. L. F'reeman & Son. He continued as the active resident manager of the store until 1888, when the firm started a plant in Central p-alls for gelatine printing, and organized that business under the name of the Artogravure Co. The pictures turned out were reproductions of masterpieces of painting and sculpture, photographs of buildings, and scenes of interest. Some of them were in black and white and others 1)eautifull\- tinted, and all were finel>' finished, artistic in conce]ition and treatment, and could be turned out at a low- cost. Mr. F'reeman made a success of this indnstrx' and managed it until iSi-;,s. meanwhile retaining an o\-ersight of the stalionar\ stores in Providence and Pawtucket. In 1^9,^ the Arlogravure Co. was con.solidateil with the Art Publishing Co., of Gardner, Mass., and Charles Taber iS: .Sons of New Bedford, Mass., under the name of the Taber Art Co., and all the plants were moved to New Bedford, into the premises occupied by Charles Taber tSi ,Sons. Mr. Freeman was elected president of the new- company, which position he still retains. He at once made his headquarters in New Bedford and moved his family there the following year. He has charge of selling the goods, and has a corps of ten or twelve traveling salesmen under his orders. Personally he is a very successful .salesman, and occasionally goes among the trade in the large cities. The company turns out all descriptions of modern process pictures, including gelatines, photographs, etchings, arto- types, and makes picture frames of all .styles and varieties. The house also handles the art productions of other manufacturers, both in this country and abroad. From 200 to 400 persons are employed at the works, according to the season and the .state of the business. Mr. F'ree- man still retains his connection with the firm of E. L. Freeman & Sons, and the stores in Providence and Pawtucket are under his control. When William P. Sheffield was a])pointed by (Governor Bourn, Nov. 19, 1884, to fill out in the llnited .States Senate the unexpired term of Henry B. Anthony, who died Sept. 2, 1884, Mr. Freeman was appointed private .secretary to .Senator .Sheffield, went >)n to Washington and held this position until the end of the .sena- torial term, Jan. 21, 1885. He then accepted a similar position with Jonathan Chace, who was elected to succeed Mr. Sheffield, and remained with Mr. Chace for about two years in this BIOGRAPHIES. 317 capacit\', after which he made an extended tri]) Ihrou.^h tlie West. In 18.SS Mr. Freeman was married to Cirace Mand Cleveland of Indianapolis. They have fonr children. He belongs to all the Ma.sonic bodies of Pawtucket, was a member of the Paw- tucket Business Men's Association and the T. K. Club while he resided here, and is now a mem- ber of the Wamsutta Club of New Bedford. He is also a member of the Rhode Island Master Printers Association. FRENCH, Charles Henry, H. D., is now one of the leading physicians of Pawtucket. He is the son of HenrN- W. and Ainia Maria (Ta\lor) French, and was born in Waterbury, Conn,, Jan. jy, 1.S59. He received his educa- tion in the ]niblic schools of his native town, and at the \\'esle\an Academy, Will)raham, Ma.ss., then took a medical course at Yale Col- lege, and completed his professional studies at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, from which he was graduated in 1880. For the next two years, 1881-2, he was one of the resident house physicians in the Charity, now the City Hospital, New York city. At the end of that period he returned to his native place and began the practice of medicine. He met with success, and was town physician and health officer for several years. While residing and practicing in Waterburj- he became one of the surgeons of the Connecticut National Guard and was a member of the Waterbury Medical Associ- ation and of the Connecticut Medical Society. March, 1887, he came to Pawtucket, pur- chased the practice of another physician, and located at 107 and 109 Broadwa\', where he has since remained. His practice is of a general character, and Dr. French is a " family " phy- sician in the best sense. He is genial, kind and s\ nijjathetic, and is consequently popular with his patients and the public. In his pro- fession he stands high, and is a member of the Pawtucket Medical Association, the Providence Medical As.sociation, the Rhode Island Medical As.sociation, the Medico- I.,egal Society of Rhode Island, the American Medical As.sociation, and of the Association of Military Surgeons of the I'niled States. He is lieutenant-colonel and medical director of the Ijrigade Rhode Island Militia, and previous to his appointment to this position .served as surgeon of the ist Battalion of Cavalry. He is Medical Examiner of District No. 8, Providence county. He belongs to the Pawtucket BusinessMen's Association, the T. K. Club, the Royal Arcanum, the Odd Fellows, and the Rhode Island vSociety of the Sons of the American Revolution. He is a trustee of the Providence County Savings Bank, is a member of the vestrj' of St. Paul's Episcopal church and belongs to the Churchmen's Club of Rhode Island. June 5, 1884, he was married to Flor- ence S. Wells, by which union there are three children, one born in Waterbury and two in Pawtucket . Dr. F'rench traces his descent on his father's side from John French, who came from England and .settled in Dorchester, Mass., in 1639. On his mother's side he is descended from the well known Daggett family of Attleboro. Daniel Daggett and Ebenezer French, both of whom were among his direct ancestors, were revolu- tionary soldiers. FROST, Albert, the olde,st child of Antipus and Polly (Guile) Frost, was born in Walpole, Ma.ss., in 1838. He attended the public schools of Pawtucket, Smithfield, and Lanesville, Mass., until he was fourteen j-ears old and then went to work in his father's gri.st mill in Pawtucket, where he remained for a number of j-ears. He then worked in cotton mills until 1866 when he learned to be a box maker. In 1868 he started in the manufacture of paper boxes on his own account. The business was very small at first but by the introduction of improved methods he developed it successfully and .steadily. He now makes his product on ])atent box-coveriug machines, the ])lant has a capacity of from 3000 to 5000 boxes daily, and consumes 150 tons of .straw board annually. The factory is a three story building on High street, Central Falls, 45 by 70 feet in dimensions, and the total floor space is 6000 square feet. The product is taken chiefly by the thread and hosiery factories in Pawtucket and Central I'alls. The capital re(iuired to run the Inisi- ness is Sio.ooo. 3i8 I LLl'STUA'Pi: 1) IlIsroRV Ol- I'AWTl'CKKT. Mr. Frost is a Rc])iil)licaii in politics. He is a member of the Central Falls liaptist church, and bclnngs to Jenks Lodge of Masons. During the w ar of the rebellion he was a member of the Home C.uard of which Jacob Bunnell was col- onel. He has been twice married. His first wife was .Susan Ci. Doan, and his second F^lvira I'. Chace. 1!\ the first marriage there was one daughter, Ida L., who was b. in .Smithfield, June 15, 1863. FULLER, George H., was born in South Attleboro, Mass., in 1832, and received his edu- cation in the schools of his native town. When about 15 years of age he learned the trade of a jeweler. Being of an ingenious turn of mind and gifted with business foresight, he originated what was practically a new industrs b> the invention of machinery for the manufacture ol jewelr\- supplies. His jjroductions found a read\ sale and he (luickly built up a good business. He started in this line in 1858 at South Attleboro, but in i860 removed to Paw- tucket. The indu.stry gradually assumed large ])ro])(irtioiis. In 1878 Mr. Fuller admitted his son Charles H. to partnership and the firm became known as (reorge H. I'uUer iS: .Son. Mr. Fuller died June 26, 1S92, and the establish- ment is still carried on by the .son under the old name. Mr. Fuller was a scion of an old New luiglantl faniil>- whose first American ancestor came here from England in 16,^6. He was a member of the first board of water commis- sioners of Pawtucket, was prominent in politics, ser\'ed on the school committee, and was inter- ested in the general welfare of the communit\ . FULLER, Charles Henry, was born in South Attleboro, Mass., Sept. 1858, and is the only child of Oeorge Henry and Abbie N. (Ide) h'uller. He was educated in the ])ublic schools of i'awtucket until he was iS years old, and in 1878 went to work for his father. In his 20th year his father admitted him as jjartuer in the jewelers' findings business, on ICxchange street, Pawtucket, under the firm name of George H. Fuller & Son. Beginning in 1880, for a number of years he traveled as a salesman and was very successful. On the death of his father, June 26, 1892, he succeeded to the business and has since conducted it alone. It is one ul the oldest if not the \er\- oldest house in this line in the countrx . Mr. l"uller is a Rtimblican. Ik- attends the Congregational I'luirch. Max 11. 1S80, he was married to .Susan !•". Whillaker of Philadeljihia, Pa., b> which union then.' are two children: Charles W., b. .Ma\- 11, i.s.Sj, and Alice G., b. Jan. 22, 1S87. QAGNON, Fortunat, M. D., was born in Mary\ille, Province of Quebec, Canada, March 7, 1859, and is the eighth child of Hubert and Catherine (Thuot) Gaguou. He was educated in the college of his native town. He learned the blacksmith trade, but as the opportunities for advancement in his own counlrx were lim- ited he emigrated to the Tniteil Stales in his joth year. He soon .secured emjilov nient at his trade in Central F'alls with V . X. I.aniarine, with whom he remained until 187',, during which time he accumulated sulTicient moiiex to enable him to commence the study of medicine. F'rom 187;; to 1879 he studied with Dr. Rojielle of Providence. In 1884 he returned to Paw- tucket, opened a ilrug store in connection with (ieorge A. Sullivan, at 17 I{.xchange ])lace, which he successfully conductetl until 1895. Since then he has devoted his time to his pro- fession and has built up a good practice. Dr. Gaguou is a Republican. He is an active mend)er of the Knights of Pythias and the Red Men. Jan. 23, 1883, he was married to Eugenie Riopelle of Central Falls, by which union there are three children : .\delaide, George and Arthur. GARBUTT, Irving R., son of John and .Vurelia (Hays) Garbutt, was Ijorn in Hartland, N. Y., Nov. 15, 1867. lie attended the public schools of Hartland until he was 14 years old, and then went to the high school at I.ot'kport, X. v., until he was iS, when he enteri-d the University of Rochester, N. Y., from which he was graduated in the class of 1889, when 22 years old. .Since his graduation he has followed the profession of a teacher. In 1895 he became principal of the Pawtucket Business College in the Pacific Bank building. Here he taught math.ematics and all the commercial liranches. Mr. Garbutt's own specialt\- was commercial R I O G R A PHI n S . 319 'aw and IIk- theory and practice of bookkeeping. In June. iSyO, he .sold out his interest in the business college, and with the beginning of the (all term he began as principal of the commer- cial department and teacher of mathematics in the new Pawtucket high .school. Mr. C.arbutt is a Rejiublican. He is a meml)er of the I'irst Baptist church, of the Young Men's Christian Association of Pawtucket. and belongs to the Odd Fellows. GARDINER, William E., son of John C and Lois \'. (Bradford) (Gardiner, was born in Stonington, Conn., Feb. 12, 1S57. His ances- tors on his father's side were among the early settlers of South King.stown, R. I., and were jironiinent in the South County for generations. His maternal ancestors were farmers in Westerly, Conn. Je)hn C, the father of William E., was the engineer of the first engine that went over the Providence and Stonington Railroad, and worked in that capacity on that road the greater part of his life. William E. obtained his educa- tion in the schools of Stonington, Conn., and at the age of 17 went to work in a wholesale gro- cery in New London. Four years later he came to Providence and entered the emplo}- of B. P\ (iihnore, manufacturer and retailer of trunks, with whom he continued six years, be- coming an efficient salesman and an adept in the manufacture of trunks. He then went to work for F. W. Weston, trunk dealer, Pawtucket, in 1890, and a tew months later he became head salesman and assistant manager of the retail trunk and general store of A. F. Brow'ne, Paw- tucket Loan Co., 245 Main street. Here he has earned the confidence of the patrons of the store, is popular with all clas.ses of people, and under his management the business has been very successful. He resides in Providence, and was married Dec. 20, 1882, to Mary Burrows of West Moreland, N. Y.. daughter of Martin Burrows. GARDNER, Walter Scott, was born in 1839 in the town of .Stekonk, Mass., at the place which was long known as Ocean Cottage, in the present town of Ea.st Providence, R. L, where his father owned an extensive estate. He was the sixth child of Dr. John.son and Phebe Lawton (Sisson) Gardner. His father was for many years the leading physician in Pawtucket on the North Providence side of the river, and owned the house at the northeast corner of Main and High streets. This property he purchased from Samuel Slater about 1827. Dr. Gardner had his office and residence in this structure, which is .still standing but is greatly changed, at least in outward appearance, from its original condition. For tw^enty years Dr. Gardner was a representative from Bristol county, Mass., to the Ma.ssachu.setts senate. During the war of the rebellion he was examiner of recruits in Pawtucket and Providence. He was in public ser\-ice about 20 years. He died Dec. 12. 1870. Dr. Gardner was appointed by Gov. Briggs of Massachusetts one of the conmiissioners to settle the boundarj' line between Massachusetts and Rhode Island about 1S50. He was a mem- ber of the governor's council of Massachusetts for many years. Walter S. attended the pulilic schools of Seekonk until he was seven years old. Having lo.st the sight of one eye as the result of catar- acts on both eyes, he went in 1S54 to the Per- kiii's Institution for the Blind, South ]?o.ston, where he remained ten years, during which jieriod he obtained a first-class education. The la.st three years of this time he was a teacher and had charge of the work.shop. While at this institution he learned various handicrafts, among others that of broom making. In 1865 he returned to Pawtucket and in a shop on High street on his father's estate began to make brooms to order. He made a success of the business and as the years passed it increased in volume slowly but surely. In 1890 he built his i)resent factory, rear of 54 Warren avenue, where he now employs a number of men in the manufacture of brooms and brushes. Mr. Gardner enlisted in Boston during the war of the rebellion, and went on to Washing- ton, liut was discharged from the .service on account ol his ]ioor eyesight. In politics he is a Republican. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias. Ma\- ,V'. 1870. he was married to ICIleu Muir in Pawtucket, and they have had five children, three of whom are now living : ILL r ST RAT Id) HISTORY OF PA W T U C K IvT. Chirciice E., I'rank A., aiul IIaiT\- A; \'iola, d. ahoul iS;;,. Mr. Gardiu-r iiilii-iit(.-(l liall of liis latlii-r's extensive estaK- in rawliu-kcl, which imiiulL-d all the properlN on Ihc cast side of Hi_i;h street from the corner of Main to the City Hall. The lower part of this estate now belongs to his bro ther, Dr. Clarence Gardner of Providence, wliilc the upi)er ])ortion is the projierty of Walter S. GARVIN. Lucius Fayette Clark, Fl. D., of Lonsdale, is one of the Ijest-knowii men in the state of Rhode Island. For a score of years, besides fulfilling with succe.ss and ability the duties of his profession, he has been continuously active in jniblic life. He has not, however, been an ordinary politician, content to hold olTice and manage caucuses, but has con.stantly agitated for reforms that would, as he conceived, be of public benefit. In doing this even his enemies acknowledge that he has manifested great persistence, skill and judgment; and, although often derided by members of his own as well as tho.se of the opposite party, he has been the means of carrying through a goodly number of reform and other measures. In all the stress and irritation occasioned by these efforts, and while he has been assailed in the jjress, in the legislature, and elsewhere, as a crank and agitator. Dr. Garvin has always remained the same i[uiet-mannered gentleman. He has, after years of abuse, won the respect of the entire comniunit\', antl men of all classes and parties now recognize his high character and acknowledge that he is actuated by the most disinterested ]>ublic sj)irit. As a public man his career has been an ideal one, and his example shows the possibility of maintaining purity of life and elevation of character while engaged in the struggle of politics. The (iar\in family traces its descent from James t)ar\in, wlio was born in Vermont, June 5, 1783, and died in b'.lkhart, Indiana, in 1.S72, His son, James Oarxin, Jr., was Ijorn in Bethel, Winsor county, \'ermont, in iSutj, died in Knox- ville, Tenn,, June 29, 1.S46, was a teacher by profession, and at the time of his death was a professor in East Tennessee University. He was a quiet, dignified gentleman, devoted to the cause of education. He married .Sarah .\nn ("■umi in I'.nlield, Mass., Dec. 5, (■'^.^.i. and tlu-\- had two sons: James .\., born in Pikevilli.-, Tenn., .Vug. 2S, iSj^j, and Lucius V . C, born in Kno.wille, Tenn., No\'. i,^ i.'^4i. .Mrs. James (lar\in, Jr,, was born Aug. 26, 1S12, and died June 27, iSi^o, in Lonsdale, at her son's Imusi.-. She was a woman of cultivated man- ners and unusual abilitw .Vfter .Mr. (kuAin's death she married again, and had three child- ren : Walter Montague, Charles Washington, and Loll McConnell. L. F. C. (^.arvin fitted (or college at New Oarden, a Friend's school, near Green.sboro, K. C. I'rom there he went to Amherst college, Massachusetts, where he was graduated in his 2 1 St year in the class of 1862. Soon after, he enlisted as a private in Company E of the 51st Massachusetts Volunteers, and .served under General Foster, who succeeded General Burn- side in command of the Federal forces in eastern North Carolina. His chief military experience was in the expedition to Gold.sboro, N. C, late in the year 1862, for the purpose of cutting off the communications of Lee's army. He taught school in vSunderland, Mass., during his senior year in college; in Ware, Mass., after leaving college ; and at Leverett, Mass., after his ser- vice in the army. He then began the .study of medicine with Dr. Sylvanus Clapp of Paw- tucket, and continued his education in this line at the Harvard Medical school, from which he was graduated in the class of 1867. Lie imme- diately began the practice of medicine in the village of Lonsdale, and for more than a decade was the onh- physician in the vicinit\ . His practice extended throughout the adjacent vil- lages of the Blackstone valley, and he became the beloved physician of the country-side. In iSj6 he built, in the new village of Lonsdale, town of Cumberland, a mansion which is .seated in beautiful grounds, opposite the brick tene- ments of the \illage. The Catholic Oak is within view from his grounds, and the sjiot where William Blackstone lived is onl\ two or three minutes walk distant. Until 1S76 Dr. Garvin was a Re])ul)lican, but since then he has acted with the Democrats HIOC, k Al'II IKS. 321 because he believes in the free trade i)olicy. He is now one of the recognized leaders of his party. He has represented the town of Cuni- liLihuul ten times in the General Assembly, having first been elected to fill a vacancy in the house in 1883, reelected the same year, and elected in 1885, 1886, 1887, 1893, and 1895, and as senator in 1SS9, 1S90 and 1891. During these years he was the principal advocate in the assembly of reform legislation. The passage of the ten hour and the ballot reform laws, of the Bourn amendment for the extension of the suffrage to foreign-born citizens, of the bill establishing the bureau of industrial statistics, and of the acts for factory inspection and plural- ity elections all found in him a strong and persistent supporter. In the contest for the extension of the suffrage he was for many years the leader both in the legislature and in the community, and to his exertions more than those of any other man was the success of the movement finally due. He was the candidate for congress of the Democratic party in the sec- ond congressional district in 1894 and 1896, but was not elected. Dr. C.arvin stands high in his jirofession. He is a member of the Rhode Island Medical Society and of the Providence Medical Associa- tion. He belongs to Ballon Post, Grand Army of the Republic, is a member of the Royal Arcanum, and of the Municipal League of Providence. In religion he is a liberal. For y^ears he was a member of the Free Religions Society of Providence, and is now one of the Bell Street Chapel Society, Providence, of which the Rev. Anna Garlin Spencer is the minister. He was married Dec. 23, 1869, to Lucy \V. South- wayd, at Middletown, Conn., who was a gradu- ate of the Woman's Medical College of Boston, Mass., and previous to her marriage was resident physician at Mount Holyoke Seminary, Holy- oke, Mass. They have three daughters : Ethel, b. Dec. 19, 1871 ; Norma, b. April 19, 1874; and Florence, b. Feb. 27, 1S76. OATCHELL, Frank Lincoln, was born in Mendon, Mass.. Feb. 23, 1S61. and was the first born of James Lawrence and Mar\- I'iliza- belh (J(ines) Cratchell. His father lia; been for many years overseer in the braid mill of D. Goff &. vSons. The Gatchell family originated in luigland and innnigrated to Marblehead in early colonial times. Frank L. attended the public schools of Pawtncket. and was graduated from the high school in 1878. Soon after he went to work as clerk for Wilbur & Tingley, proprietors of the Pawtncket fionr mills. Here he continued nearly three years, at the end of which time he had been advanced to the position of assistant bookkeeper. He then became book- keeper for Peleg B. Wilbur, flour and grain dealer. Central Falls, in which .situation he remained over two years. Having achieved a reputation for accuracy and reliability, in July, 1883, he entered the Pacific National Bank as a bookkeeper, and was in the cour.se of time promoted to his present position of paying teller. Mr. Gatchell has the handling of mil- lions of dollars, and implicit confidence is reposed in him by the directors. He is genial and pleasing in his manner, and holds the esteem and friendship of the ])atrons of the bank. In politics he is a Republican, and was clerk of the Common Council of Pawtncket from 1892 to 1S94. He is a member of the First Baptist church and belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, Lodge No. i, Paw- tncket. Oct. 7, 1885, he was married to Sarah Patience Merrill, and they have two children : Ruth Merrill, b. July, 1892 ; and Raymond Walker, b. July, 1894. GATES, George C, the first child of John and Elizabeth (Carter) Gates, was born in Nor- folk county, England. His early education was meagre, and at the age of nine he began work on a farm. When eleven years of age he became an ai)]nentice in the shop of his father, who was a manufacturer of shoes and a dealer in leather and shoe findings. At 18 he was given charge iif the shop, and remained in that position until he was 20 years of age, after which for several >ears he was employed in the shoe districts of Northampton and Lincolnshire. He then de- cided to come to America and arrived in New York Dec. 28, 1851, after a voyage of 72 days. He first went to Randoljih. Mass., and worked at the shoe business there and in Taunton, iii iLLUv'^TRATKI) 11 IS TORY OF P AWTUC K ICT. Mass., aiul Piovidciice, K. I. June, 1S52, he came l- wliich union there are four children; John 11., George A., IIenr\ and Elizabeth. His wife died in 1870, and in ( )clu- ber, 1882, he was married to Debora .M . .\Im\ Kelley of Pawtucket, wlio died in iSyo. ISAAC GILL SECOND WARD, CiERMAIN, Peter, was born in ,St. Judes, Ouel)ec, Canada. March 18, 1850, and is the fourth child of Augustine and Sophie (Garreau) Germain. lie went to scliool until he was 16 vears old, and then worked on his father's farm for a year. He came to the I'nited States in 1877 and secured a position in a grain and feed store at Douglas, Mass., which he held for two years. He then moved to .Manchaug, Mass., and started a livery stable, which he coiulucled with success for eleven years. He sold out his stable in 1890, and esta])lished a hotel in Harris- \-iIle, R. I. Recei\ing a profitable offer for its ])urchase in 1843 he disjiosed ol it. came to Cen- tral h'alls in iSm4, :ind (i])ened tile largest and finest hotel in tliat cit> , the Linciihi I louse, at 4.S'i and 4S,S P,niad street, which lie continued to con- duct until iSc/i. Mr. Germain is an active Re])ul)lican. He is a mem- ber III the Foresters and Sheiiherds. A]iril 15 1S71, he A\as married to Melvina Clare, of Chamhlx-, P. Q., Canada, b\- which union there are three children : Mary, V). Feb. 22, 1876 ; Peter, b. Jan. 15, [873, and Jose])h, b. Oct. 13, 1879. GILL, Isaac, the present efficient engineer for the I)unnell Manufat'luring Company, was born in 1.S30 and In of vSeotch-lMiglish parentage. His father, Isaac Gill, vSr., was born in Manchester, Fngland, in 1.S17, and emigrated to Newjiort. R. I., in 1842. There he became aci|uainled with liis future wife, Agnes iMances, who was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 182 1, and had been brought to America by her jxirents when a N'oung child. Shorllv after their marriage, gold was discovered in California, and the vonng husband, like man\- others, decided lo li\ his fortune in the F'ar West. .Vccordinglx he became one of the earliest " fort\ -niners " who entered California. Me remained in the West 15 ort np to his 13th Near, At the end of that time, his father lieint;" far a\va\' from his faniil\ , circninstances denianded that he should seek eiui)loynient. Accortlin^ly he was eniploxed 1)\- Caswell, Mark \; Co., a drni;- firm of Newport, for whom he workeil four \ears. .\l the ai;e ol 17 he came to I'awlnckel and went to wt)rk lor Cole Hros., steam fire en- gine builders, where he remained for eight years. In i.s-6 he was em])loyed l)y the Dunnell Mann- factnring Co. as engineer, with which concern he yet remains. Mr. t'.ill has ever been a .stead\-, .straightforward, sincere and consistent work man. He is a man of sound judgment and good business policy as is evidenced b\' the number of years he has represented his ward in the city council. He was elected a member of the town council of 1885 by the Democrats, with whom he always affiliates. He represented the second ward in the city council from 1886 to 1888 inclu- sive, and again in i8g5 and 1896. Aside fnnu his business and official duties he is a man of fraternal and kindly spirit, as is shown li\ the distinction he has achieved amongst his fellow Free Masons, in which order he has long been a member. Mr. Ciill has in his possession four tokens of golil bestowed on him at different times b>' the Masonic order. He is past master of Union Lodge; past high priest Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter ; past commander Holy Sepulchre Comniandery ; pa.st grand T. I. M. grand council of Rhode Island. It is in Masonry that Mr. Gill finds his chief interest, and his career among his brethren best shows in what way that interest is received. He is one of the board of directors of the Masonic Temple Co., which is empowered by the Order to execute all plans necessary for the erection of the new Ma- sonic hall on High street. In bygone days Mr. Gill was an ardent member of the Pawtucket Boat Club, and luilled an oar in the crew which created so nineh en- thusiasm and received such praise in those races that used to stir the cit\' from centre to circumference with exeitemeiil and anticiiiation. In 1S91 he was married to Annie Macklin, of Pawtucket. They have one boy, Isaac, who is now in his fourth year. Their home is at 18 Pond street. GLANCY, Charles Augustine, M. D., the fourth child of Patrick and Bridget (Reynolds) Glancy, was born in Smithfield, R. I., Jan. 2, 1858. He attended the public schools until he was 12 years old. In 1870 he went to work in one of the mills of the Lonsdale Co., continued there for three years, then worked in \'alley I'alls and for the Conant Thread Co., and afterwards tor the .American Kile Co. In 1879 he again entered the employ of the Conant Thread Co. in another dei)artment. P'actory work was uncongenial to him, and he decided to stud\- in order to ])repare himself for the medical profession. For three \ears he studied pharmacy with Stephen L. Talbot, Ph. (L, of Providence. In 1885 he passed the state board examination and was registered as a pharmacist. He continued with Mr. Talbot until his tleath in 18S5. He then devoted him.self to his profes- sion in some of the large.st drug houses in the ITnited States : in Providence with Howe & Carr, successors to Mr. Talbot ; in Brooklyn, X. v., with John B. Winter; in Brattleboro, \'t., with George A. Briggs & Co. Returning to Providence he worked for William H. Hinds and .\. W. Kenner, Jr., after which he was appointed resident apothecary to the Rhode Island Hospital. May 4, 1887, he passed the board of pharmacy of Ma.ssachusetts. He came to Pawtucket in 1889 and opened a drug store at 67 Park .street. The business was successful from the .start and afforded him the opportunity of accomplishing the ambition of his life. In 1 89 1 he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Baltimore, Md., studied there until the fall of 1893, when he entered Baltimore Med- ical College, from which he was graduated April 1 7, 1894, with the degree of M.D. Thus after 24 years of unceasing struggle, without other aid than that afforded by his own labor and indefatigable energy, he accomplished the purpose of his life. Nov. 29, 1888, he was married to Anna E. Duffy of Ballardvale, Mass,, by which union there is one child, Wendell Joseph, b. March 27, 1895. 324 I I.LUSTR A'ri'.I) HISTORY Ol" TAW T U C K 1",T. GOODING, William H., son ..I !knr> ami Clarissa (Tingley) Goodiui?, and the oldest of a family of seven, was born in vSniithfield, now- Central Falls, Oct. 6, i8;,4. I'ntil hf was iS years old he went to school in his native place. He then ser\-ed his time to the trade of a machinist, at which occupation he worked for a number of years, when he engaged in mercantile business. In 1S73 he became town clerk of Lincoln and lul and an earlv inhalntant of Rehoboth. The sun (if Rirhard was Joseph, Imrn in Rcliiihnlli in iSj.(. who was married to Palience Tlmilni, and the\' li\'ed together se\-enty \ears ami had a family of fourteen children. One uf their sons Richard, the father of Darius, became a pioneer nianulactiirer in the latter part ol the last cen- tury. In the early historv of Rehoboth, as <>i the country before the intro(hution of cotton spinning by .Samuel .Slater, the carding, spin- ning and weaving of woolen cloth was done in private houses and by hand : but these fabrics were too thin for winter wear. To reniedx this defect Richard Goff in ij^y^ built a fidling and dressing-mill and furnished it with the best machinery then known. He then received the woolen cloth from the farmers and prepared it for use. The cloth was first well rubbed with soap then immersed in water and subjected to pounding and pidling for several hours. It was next rinsed and colored, then rinsed again and put upon the tenter bars to be stretched and dried, after which it was run over a frame-work and carded with a hand card in order to raise a nap. The cloth was next folded, paper card boards being placed between each fold, and put into a hand press with iron plates between each piece. The goods usually remained in this press from twelve to fifteen hours, when they were removed, jnit into rolls and returned to the owners. At an earl\- age Darius Goff went into his father's mill to help and learn the processes described. His father continued the business uiUil 1 82 1 when such great improvements had been made in machinery as to supersede the hand loom and all other haml machinery in finishing woolen goods. In i.SoS a company formed in Rehoboth, styled the Union Cotton Manufacturing Co., built a small mill and com- menced making cotton yarn. Tlic elder Goff was one of the proprietors, and did the coloring for the company. Darius s]ient four or ll\-e years in the coloring department antl in the variety store connected with the mill and at 17 years of age in 1S26 he engaged with John and Jesse liddy of Fall River to learn the woolen business. On returning from F'all Ri\er he nut with a serious accident which disabled him from HIOGRAPHIEvS. 325 doing business for two years. In 1S2S he secured employment as a clerk in a grocery store in Providence, where he remained about three years. He then engaged with Tillinghast Aim}- in the grocery and provision trade, in which he continued aliout three years. This venture not proving successful he returned to Rehoboth and in connection with his lirolher purchased the Union Cotton mill, which had long been idle, for $4,000. In this small mill about I1S36 they commenced the manufacture of cotton batting. This business continued profit- able until 1S37. At that time they had on hand a large amount of goods for which there was no sale, as well as a quantity of raw material. In order to realize something they shipped some of the goods to the West, and Darius accom- panied them as salesman. In a few years the brothers succeeded in paying for the mill. At first they made wadding after the old batting process, but this proved imperfect and slow. In 1S40 they bought eight cards and placed them in front of each other a foot higher than usual from the floor. These made a continuous apron, three feet wide, the surface of which ran at the same speed as the surface of the doffers of the cards. The eight slivers of cotton falling on this endless apron made the required thickness of the sheet wadding. The web of cotton thus formed left the endless apron at one end of the row of cards and was then run over a thin sizing and both sides of the sheet were sized by one operation. The process was entirely- new and is now nearl\- in universal use in wadding and batting mills. But to make a colored wadding the firm was obliged to color and drj- the cotton before it went to the machine and Mr. Goff determined to invent some method by which the process could be accomplished in the same operation. This he thought could be done by first carding the raw material and then coloring, sizing and drying it in one continuous length. He enlarged the mill and procured the needed machinery but it had just got fairly to work when it was burned. Mr. (ioff gave his attention now more especi- alh' to the cotton waste business in which he had been emjasjed from the conuncncement of the batting enterprise in 1S36, at which lime he made a contract for one year with the^Lonsdale Co., for the various kinds of wastes made at their mills. This contract has been continued to the present time. Before 1836 the refuse of cotton mills was thrown away as useless. The waste business afterwards so largely increased, howe\er, that Mr. Goff thought it wise to take a partner and establish him.self near the center of paper manufacturing districts. In 1846, there- fore, he formed a partnership with George Lawton of Waltham, Mass., and transferred the busi- ness to Crray's wharf in Bo.ston and about the same time he removed his residence to Paw- tucket, R. I. In 1847 Goff & Lawton bought a tract of laud near the railroad in Pawtucket, upon which they built a wadding mill. They then purchased a large engine, made by Thurs- ton Gardiner of Providence, and commenced making wadding on the plan Mr. (ioff had nearh- perfected in his mills at Rehoboth but in atteniping to dry the sheets of colored wadding on copper cylinders heated by .steam he met with difficulties and finally the cylinders exj)loded. The cotton waste business of the firm had then increased to such an extent, that Mr. Goff devoted himself exclusively to it. The con- tracts for waste soou embraced nearly all the large mills and many of the smaller ones through- out New England. The firm then leased the wadding mill at Pawtucket for five years to Henry Turner and several others, but before the lease expired Mr. Turner died and Goff & Lawton resumed the manufacture on their own account. The mill was soon after nearly destroyed by fire but the firm rebuilt it on a larger scale and com- menced the wadding manufacture in connection with their wa.ste and paper stock business in Boston. The partnership was di.ssolved in 1859. Mr. Lawton taking the Boston part and Mr. Goff the Pawtucket mills. Mr. Goff then asso- ciated himself with John D. Cran.ston and Stephen Brownell of Providence under the name of Goff, Cranston & Brownell, to do a general waste and paper stock business, .selling his part- ners an interest in the mill, and Henry A. Stearns was engaged as superintendent, Mr. Goff having sold him an interest. The drying 326 ILLUSTRATI'D HISTORY OF P AWTUC K I'tT. of coUoii by co])p(.-i- stoaiii cylinders was resunied, was siicccssfiil ;iii(l has been continued ever since. In 1871 the mill was burned, entailing a loss of $150,000, and was only insured for $75,000. The firm built a new mill with new machinery throughoul. The buildings, with the additions since made, now cover nearly three acres. The firm became an incnr]). L. Goff, treasurer. In 1881 the firm began the manufacture of mohair plush for car- seating and upholstery purposes, and built a new mill adjoining the braid mill (or that ])ur])ose. Mr. Goff was acti\'e in business until just before his death, .\])ril 14. iSc^i, in his ,S2d year. He was a belie\er in home industries, as was evidenced by the many establishments man- aged and successfully conducted by him. He was one of the original directors of the Paw- tucket Gas Co., the Pawtucket .Street Railway Co., the Pawtucket Hair Cloth Co., and the Royal Weaving Co. He was also a director of the Franklin Savings Bank and of the First National Bank. He sen-ed repeatedly in the town council of Pawtucket, and in 1S71 he was elected state senator. From 1S4S Mr. tloff was identified with the Pawtucket Congregational church, and from [856 was a prominent and active mend)er of that religious organization, contributing most liberally for its support and its numerous allied interests, at one time sub scribing $10,000 in liquidation of the church debt. He gave frcel>- of his means for home and foreign missions: his public gifts were widel}- known and appreciated, and his life was replete with deeds of l)ene\-olence and (|uiet acts of every-day charity. To within a brief period of his death, Mr, (ioff retained in a remarkable degree the full exercise of his mental faculties and plnsical activitx'. With unrelaxed interest he \isited his mills, gave close attention to the work in hand and the methods employed, and in an advisory way he was to the la.st the means of effecting more or less salutary changes and improN'ements. On his decease the city of Pawtucket, through her journals, societies and official boards made grateful acknowledgment of its indebtedness to him for his instrumentality in making it first among the textile manufactur- ing centres of the Ihiited States, relative to its population ; and for his activity in the jMomo- tion of every undertaking for the advancement of its business, educational, social and religions interests. The National Association of Wool Manufacturers, of which \k- had long lieen an active member, at a meeting luld in P.oston paid earnest tribute to him for his " jireeminent services in the diversification and extension of HIOC, RAPiriEvS. ,^27 the wool iimiuifacture, to his hiyli character as a man, his large public spirit, his conscientious discharge of every obligation to society, and the earnest devotion to principle 1)\ which his life and actions were governed." Holding in affectionate regard the place of his birth and its early associations, in 1S84 Mr. (loff purchased and ga\-e to the town of Reho- both, as a site for a Memorial Hall, the old homestead estate which had been in the faniil\- since 17 14. The old (ioff Inn, one of the noted hostelries of colonial days, still remained , and the spot occupied b\' it was chosen by him for the place of the Hall. Under his auspices, with liberal aid from the townspeople, a fine edifice was erected, containing schoolrooms, a lecture hall, a library, and an antiquarian room, in which are interestingly exhibited the primitive hand implements of the early days used in the textile arts. The building was dedicated as the Goff Memorial Hall on May 10, 1S.S6, the 77tli anniversary of the birth of Mr. Goff, and the 240th ainiiversary of the deliver)- of the deeds of the old town by Massasoit to the English. In May, 1839, Mr. Goff was married to Sarah Lee, a daughter of Israel I^ee, of Dighton, Mass. Of the companionship of this wife he was early bereft bj- her death, and her onl\- child also died. He was afterwards married to Harriet Lee, a sister of his former wife; and the children Ijy this marriage are : Darius L., Lyman B., and Sarah C, wife of Thomas vSedwick .Steele of Hartford, Connecticut. QOFF, Darius Lee, the oldest .son of Darius and Sarah (Lee) Goff, was born in Rehoboth vil- lage, Ma.ss., March 20, 1840. He received his early education in Pawtucket, where his father removed in 1847, and entered Brown Universitx- in 1858, from which inslituticm he was graduated in 1862. The same \ear the American Worsted Co. was formed for the manufacture of worsted braid and yarns, an entireh- new industry in this c<)untr\-. The partners in this enterprise were Darius Goff, Darius L. Goff, W. ]•. Sayles and F. C. >Sa>les, each jiartner hav'ing an ecpuil interest and 1). L. Goff was made atjent of llie compauN-. A room was secured on the up])er tliior of the William H. Haskell machine shop and the Inisiness was begun in small way with ten braiding machines. Soon after starting, the concern was burned out and the industry was llien remoNcd to the old .Schroeder printworks pni])ert\- in .Smithlield, at that time unoccupied and owned 1)\- William F. Sayles. Here the business was enlarged by the importation of worsted spinning machinery and the emplo\'- ment of linglish overseers. In iS64the concern was dissolved and the machinery and stock e(jually divided between the Goffs and vSayles. The Sayles continued the business at the same place under the name of the Union Worsted Co., while the Goffs removed to Pawtucket and set n\^ their machinery in the old Stone Mill (built in 1 813) on the east side of the Hlackstone river just below the lower dam, and began busi- ness under the firm name of D. Goff & Son. In 1867 the Morrill tariff bill became a law. This gave a special protection to all wor.sted industries in their infancy and such was the increase in the braid business that the old Stone Mill was found too small and a large modern brick mill was erected just south of it. In 1877 Darius L. originated the idea of putting braids up on rolls and fastening the end with a wire clasp. He obtained a patent and the new method became a great success. In 1881 the manufacture of mohair plush, for car seats and furniture pur- poses, was begun and after years of experiment- ing a product was turned out ecpial in every respect to the best French makes. In 1S72 Lyman P.., the ytninger son, was admitted to the firm, and in 1884 the business was incorpor- atetl under the name of D. Goff & Sons, with Darius Goff, president and D. L. (ioff, treasurer. I'rom the beginning in 1862 to the present time Darius L. has devoted his time to the.se mills, and much of their success is due to the able maimer in which he .seconded his father's efforts, and also to the fact that he himself constantly suggested improvements in methods of manu- facture and administration. .Since the death of his father in 1891, at the age of 82 years, he has been president and treasurer of the company. He is interested in a ninnber of other im])orlant 32S I 1,1, r ST RAT I'D HISTORY O 1* I'A \V T U C K IvT. local industries ; is president of the Royal Weavintj Co., the HIair Canieia Co.. and the I'awtuoket ICIeetric Co., and a diieetor in the Pawtucket Gas Co., tlie rnion W'aildint; Co., the Kir.st National liauk, and .Swan Point Cemetery Corporation of Providenie. He was married Oct. isri6, to .\nnie K. Pitcher, who died Dec. tS6ij. He was married again Nov. i.SS;^, to .\nnii- I.nther, wlio died Feb. 1890. By the latter unicm there were two children, Harriet T,ee, born March ly, i,S.S6, and Darius, liorn Jan. 24, 1.S90. QOFF, Lyman B., the second sou of Darius and Harriet (Lee) Cioff, was horn in Reholioth, Mass., Oct. 19, 1S41. and has resided in Pawtucket since 1S47. He was educated in the grammar .lud hi,i;h schools of Pawtucket and was graduated from Hrown University in the class of 1.S62. While returning from a hunting trip through tlK- h'ar West in the fall of that _\-ear, the Sioux war hroke out, and he served during its conliunance in h'ort .Vherconr l)ie, Dakota. I'or several years subsequently he was in the employ of D. (5off & Son as sales- man, and in iSj2 was admitted to the firm as an equal ]>artner. the style of the house being then changed to 1). (/off & Sons. For many years he took an active interest in the militia, and at one time was lieutenant- colonel in command of all the light artillery in the state. Politically he has always been a Republican, and has sen-ed a number of times as a re])reseutative to the General Assendily from Pawtucket. He was chosen a presidential elector in ii ,000,000, has also extensive interests in Augusta, Ga., and at other business centres in the South. Mr. Goff is largely inter- ested in manufacturing plants in New Jersey and Canatla ; is also president of the h^xcelsior Quilting Company, of New York, with a ca])ital of 5200,000 and branches in Chicago ; and holds thesame position in a nund)er of smaller indus- tries in his own state. He is a director of the First National I'.ank of Pawtucket, and the Rhode Island Hospital Trust Conii>an\-, the largest financial institution in the state ; is \-ice- yiresidenl iil the Pawtucket Street Railway Co., one of the l)rauches of the T'nion Traction Com- ])au\-, the great corporation which now ojierates all the street railways in this \icinity ; a director in the Interstate Consolidated Street Railway Co., and also in many of the manufacturing corporations of the state. Following out the work begun by their father, Lyman and his brother Darius L- secured by ]>urchase all the land and water rights on the lower dam at Pawtucket, made great improve- ments, built a power house and utilized the water power for the generation ol electricity. Finally this i)ortion of their property was organized and incorporated as the Pawtucket lUectric Co., in which the brothers own a con- trolling interest. A full account of this matter is given in the eighth chapter. Mr. Goff was married to Alniira, daughter of Jesse Thornton, Dec. 14, 1864, and by this union there are two children, Lynian Thornton Goff and l':iizabeth Lee Goff. (lOLDSniTH, William H., the son of Ovid and Catharine Goldsmith, was born in .Stock- ])i)rt, X. Y., Now i(\ 1.S45. He went to school in Stuyvesant halls, N. Y., until he was sixteen >ears old, when he worked in a cotton mill for a \ear. He then assisted his father on the home farm for another year. In iSo^, he joined the I'lth N. Y. Heavy .\rtillery and served until the close of the civil war, taking part in many of the great battles of that conflict. I']ion receiving an honorable discharge, Aug. 7, 1865, BIOGRAl'HIES. 329 he WL-ul to work in a cotton mill at Chicopee Falls, Mass., after tlircL' years was promoted to be overseer, and held a like position in several large mills in Webster, h'all River, Mass., and Herkelex', R. I. Being of an inventive turn of mind he devised improvements and invented new machines, and finally connected himself with the Atherton Machine Co. of I'awtucket, and commenced the manufacture of the now celebrated Goldsmith Thread Extractor, a machine which is used all over the world. In 1895 he organized a company for the manufacture of his " Drawing Roll," which was incorporated uuvler the name of the Pawtucket Metallic Drawing Roll Co., and he was elected president, which position he now holds. Politically Mr. Goldsmith is a Republican. He is a mendjer of Godfrey DeBouillion Com- mandery, Knights Templars, and of Richard Borden Post, G. A. R., both of Fall River, Mass. June 13, 1869, he was married to Lillias M. Marshall of Holyoke, Mass., b}- which union there are five children; Lillie M., Mabel B., William H., Jr., George H., and Phebe C. GOODRICH, Rev. Massena, was born in Portsmouth, N. H., on vSept., 15, 1819, and was the son of Col. John Goodrich. He attended the public schools of his native town from the time he was five years of age till he was seven- teen. In the high school he acquired some knowledge of Greek and Latin, but was com- pelled to leave school on account of a grave inflannnation in his eyes. For four years there- after he was employed in mercantile pursuits. As his ej-es had improved, however, he deter- mined in 1840 to prepared for the Christian ministry. As the denomination to which he belonged had neither a college nor a theological school, he was compelled to master Helirew, and attained great proficiency in Greek by indepen- dent exertions. Dr. Hosea Ballon, the first president of Tufts College, had marked out a course of theological study, and to this Mr. Goodrich devoted over three \ears. Beside this he taught school for ten months. Late in 1844, however, he accepted an im-itation from the First Universalist parish in Haverhill, Mass. There he remained four \ears and a REV. MASSENA GOODRICH, half. Removing thence to East Cand)ridge, Mass., he resided there three years and a half. At the expiration of that period he became pas- tor of the l'niversali.st church at Lewiston Falls, Maine. As the climate seemed too stern for his wife's health, he decided to return to Massachu- setts, and at length took the pastoral care of the parish in Waltham. After living there two years he accepted an invitation to the Church of Our Father, Pawtucket, and preached there three years and a half. Receiving an urgent invitation from the St. Lawrence Univer- sity, he accepted the post of profe.ssor of Biblical Languages and Literature in the theological school in Canton, N. Y. He began his work in October, i860, and prosecuted it for two years. But the school was a young institution, imper- fectly endowed, and the war .so hindered the fulfillment of the promises made, that Mr. Goodrich resigned his professorship, and at the request of his old parish returned to Pawtucket. There he retained the pastoral care till early in 1875. As he was afflicted with laryngitis, he refrained from pastoral work for a few years but for over fourteen years has supplied the I'ni\-er- salist i)arisli in 15urrillville. R. I. 330 ILLUSTRATlvlJ IIISTURV U I" I'AWT U C K ICT. Ill 1865, as lliu war luul LMuk-d ami the theological .school had nn.aiu\ hik- hcc-ii cii dewed, Mr. Goodrich was iiuited to resume his professorship, but felt constrained to decline. Four years afterward he was requested to acee])t a theological professorship in a college in (kiles burg. 111., lint this he also declined. .Some years ago 'rults College conferred on liim tin.' degree of .\. M. In 1865 he delixered the address at the Centennial ol North rro\i(lenee, and in 1876 compiled a "Historical Sketch of Pawtucket." In i8y;;, at the World's Fair of of Religions he furnished a discourse before the Ihiiversalist branch on the " Higher Criticism." Jan. 1, 1845, Mr. (Goodrich was ordained, and on Xew Year's da\-, 1895, he celebrated, b>- a sermon in the church at Burrillville, his fiftieth anniversary. He was married April 22, 1846, to Charlotte K. Nutter, and April 22, 1896, they cele- brated their golden wedding at their residence. Since 1876 Mr. (joodrich has been chief editorial writer on the Pawtucket Cia/.ette and Chronicle. GOODWIN, Almon Kent, the present post master of I'awtucket, was born in South Ber- wick, Me., March 27, 1839, and was the third child of Augustus and Mercy (Preble) (iood- win. He attended the jniblic .schools and the academy of his native town until he was fifteen years old, when he was prepared for the sopho- more cla.ss in college. Concluding to adopt the profession of medicine, he decided not to pursue a college course, and instead came to Pawtucket in 1857 and entered upon the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Sylvainis Clapp. Finding this study uncongenial after two years, he concluded to turn his attention to something more in accordance with his tastes, and engaged in mercantile business, being for a number of \ears the .senior mend)er of the well known firm of Goodwin iS: .\llen, wholesale Hour dealers, Providence. Mr. Goodwin has always been ])rominenl in public affairs. He has been closely identified with the Republican party for thirty-five years, having voted for Abraham I.,incoln in i860 : \et while always a Republican he has been popular with men of all parties. He has been chairman of the town, city, and state central Republican connnittees, and has taken an active part in the various camjjaigns which came under his juris diction, serving as colonel of the Boys in I'.Iue, and in other active campaign organization^. IK- was a mend)erof the General Assembly in 1875-6, and again in iSSj, during which time he served as a member of the cmnmittee on corporations and as chairman ol tin- coiiiinittee on militia. He was a delegate lo the National Repul)lican Coiueiitiini which nominated James A. (Garfield in iS.So. He served as auditor of the town and cit\ ol Pawtucket for .several years, and as auditor of the .state of Rhode Island in 18.S7. In the latter year he was first elected mayor of the city of Pawtucket, serving two years, i8,S.S and 1889, and was again elected in 1890, serving during 1891. The second time he was elected ma\or he carried every ward in the city, Demo- cratic and Republican. After his third term he refused to again be a candidate. As the city's chief executive officer, he was conservative yet progressive. In his fir.st annual message as mayor he advocated the widening of High street, and this great improvement was accom- plished during the second term of his admini- stration. In 1.S91 he was appointed state commissioner of the Bureau of Labor and Statistics. He was a])pointed po.stmaster of Pawtucket in 1892, which iiosition he now holds. Mr. Goodwin was for many years active in the state militia, and did good ser\-ice in this line while a member of the General Assembly. He served as major on the staffs of Major Gen- eral Horace Daniels and Major General William R. Walker. He is a pleasant speaker, and has done much for the advancement of his ])arty's interests, as well as for the interests of the city. In every position which he has held he has served the peo|)le conscientiously and with marked abilil\'. l'i\' his t-ourteous treat- ment uf all with whom he has been limuglU in contact in his public and pri\ate career, and b\- the affabilitN' which is natural to him, he has alwa>s been exceedingly ])ciiinlar in the cit\- and state. Mr. (ioodwin was married in 185S to Sarah .M. Tower, daughter of the late John C. Tower MUNAT GAGMOM, M. D. WALTER S. GARDNER, WILLIAM E. GARDINER, DISTANT MANAGER PAWTUCKET LOA PETER GERMAIN, PROPRIETOR HOTEL LINCOLN, CENTRAL FALLS. GEORGE GRAHAM, RETmeO GROCER. 332 ILLUSTRATKI) HISTORY OF PAWT l' C K I-;T. aiul sister of Caj)l. Le\'i Towt-r. of the Secoiul Rhode Island Volunteers, who was killed at the first battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861, while gallantly leading his men against the rebel foe. Mrs. Goodwin was an excellent singer, whose clear, sweet \-oice it was always pleasant to hear, and which was heard for years in the churches in this city. Slie was a women of marked ability, and was not only of great aid to her husband in all the affairs of life, public and private, but she took a lively interest in public affairs and an active part in man\- enterprises for the benefit of the connnunit\', among which may be mentioned the Ladies Soldiers Memorial A.ssociation, which she served efficiently as a member of the executive conuniltee. vShe died Feb. 19, 1S92. This union was blessed !)>• one daughter, Margaret Kent, who was born in Pawtucket, and who is still living. She inherits decided nnisical tastes and talents from her mother and to-day is one of the leading jiianists in the state. QORHAN, Peter, was born in Lancashire, luigland, Dec. 14, 1854, the first child of Thomas and Mar\- ( Henry) (iorman. He went to school until he was 1 i years old, when he began to work in a cotton mill, where he learned to be a mulespinner. His father who was born in Ireland, early in life emigrated to England, but came from that country to America in 1872 with his wife and family, and settled in Central Falls. Peter first worked as a mulespinner for the Slater Cotton Company, and then for the Conant Thread Company, but devoted his evenings to study, and attended the Pawtucket night school. Being possessed of quick perceptions, and a retentive memory he soon acquired a fair educa- tion, which he has steadily improved by clo.se observation. Seeing little opportunity for advancement in the cotton mill he entered the grocery store of James Murphy as salesman, where he remained until 1886, when having acquired considerable knowledge of the busi- ness he determined to start on his own account, which he did in July, 1886, at 584 Dexter street, Central Falls, in the grocery and general provi- sion line. Here he remained until 1892, when owing to the great increase of business he found it necessary to secure larger quarters, and built the block at 5oi and 603 Dexter street, where he is at jiresent located. His business was successful from the finst and his present store is among the largest and finest in Central Falls. Notwithstanding his close a])plication to business Mr. (iorman has not neglected his public duties. In 1890 he served on the board of fire wards, and was elected to the city council of Central F'alls from the fourth ward in 1895 and in 1896. For eight years he was a member of the Kearney Light Infantry and also served as musician in the United Train of Artillery for three years. He belongs to the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Young Men's Catholic Associa- tion, and is president of the Central F'alls Dem- ocratic Association. Mr. Gorman was married twice, first, in November, 1877, i- Veteran Association, the Central Falls \'eteran Fire- men's As.sociation, and is an associate member of Ballon Post, G. A. R. April 24, 1 884, he w^as married to Emma J. Whittle of Saylesville. GRAHAM, George, was born in Belfast, Ireland, Nov. 29, 1S23. His father was a hand loom weaveron both cotton and linen goods: with his wife and family he came to America when George was only four months old. They first landed at St. Johns, N. B., and then came on a sailing packet to Boston, from whence they traveled in a stage coach of the old Bo.ston and Providence line and arrived in Pawtucket early in 1S24. The father went to work for vSamuel Slater as a dresser tender, but several \ears later he engaged in the retail grocery business in Pawtucket, in which he continued until his death in 1865. George attended the Pawtucket schools until he was 10 years of age. At the age of 13 he went to work in the Dunnell print- WILLIAM VON GOTTSCHALK, M.D. works, where he was employ etl for three years. He then spent three years in New Bedford learn- ing the machinist trade. In 1851 he went to California, via the Nicaraugua route. He dug for gold in Calaveras county, worked a river claim in summer and a placer claim in winter. He was successful in the latter, mined for nearly li\e years, and personally dug gold to the \alue of $100 a week for a long time. He accu- mulated some money, returned to Paw-tucket in 1856, and assisted his father in the grocery busi- ness until the latter's death in 1865. From that time he carried on the business alone until 1893 when a stroke of paralysis prevented him from giving it his further atten- tion, and the store at 105 and 107 Water street is now con- ducted by his son, William ( ). Graham. Mr. ("rraham has always been a Democrat. He ser\-ed as a member of the town coun- cil of the old town of Paw-- tucket, Mass., was a tax assessor, and represented Pawtucket in the Rhode Island legislature for one term. For some years lie be- longed to the Pawtucket Horse Guards. He has been married twice, fir.st to Eliza- beth Brice, by which union there were three children, Samuel J., Jane and Eliza- beth. His second wife was Annie E. Oman, and by this union there were four children, William O., Sarah Elizabeth, Carrie Louise and iM'ank Major. GRANDFIELD, Michael, H. D., the third child of Thomas (L and Mary (vSears) Grand- field, was born in Dingle, County Kerry, Ireland. June 23, 1857. He attended the Christain Brothers' school of his native town until he was 16 years of age. He came to this countr\ in 1S73 with his parents, and they settled in hall River, where he continued his education under private tuition. He connnenced the stud\- of law in the oflice of David vSullivan, 334 I I,I,USTR ATIU) IIISTOKV OF PAWTUCKET. cit>- solicitor (il l'";ill Ri\xr, hut ailer ;i .short linn.- abandoned it. In iS,S2-3 he was bnsiness man- ager of thi- l'"all River Ilerakl. ()\vini»- to his stndioiis habits he- was strongly in (avov of a professional career and notwithstanding the allurements of public office — having been elected a member of the I'"all Ri\er city council — he entered the medical school of the University of New York in iSS^ and was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1.S87. He connnenced the practice of his profession in Springfield, Mass., but established himself at 125 Pine street. Paw- tucket in 1S91. He has built up a large and lucrative ])ractice and has became widely known as a careful and successful practitioner. He is the physician and medical examiner for a num- ber of fraternal societies, chief among which may be mentioned Courts Woodland and Cit\' of Pawtucket, A. O. h". of A., and Sanctuar\- of Roger Williams, A. O. of .Sheperds of America. Nov. 24, i.'^oi, he was married to Jane O'Dowd ot b'all Ri\er, 1)\- which union there are two children: Mary, b. Nov. 24, i.Sqj, and John, b. P"eb. 2' were obliged to labor for their support. He was b. June 25, 1771, and d, .Se])t 21, i.S47. aged 76 years. His wife, Harriet, b. .\])ril 22, 1779, d. March 21, 1S37, in her 58th year, and was a woman of great energy and worth, Benjamin F. had small o])portunities of education in the schools, but he sui)]>lie(l lliis deficiencj- souiewhat by reading. At the age of eight he began to work in the Crompton mills, in Warwick, for one dollar per week. In i.Si6he worked in the Natick mills for General Christo- pher Rhodes. vSubsequenth' he worked for William Sjjrague, who first estal)lislied calico printing in the state. In 1^24, at the age of seventeen, he engaged al Central b'alls as a second-hand in making threail for Walker & Allen, and from 1825 to 1S40 was ox'erseer of the mill. When he came to Central b'alls he brought all his worldl\- goods tied up in a handkerchief. In i 840 he connnencetl business in Central Falls with .Stephen Benedict, Joseph Wood, Thomas Benedict, and .Samuel Wood, he overseeing the manufacture ol thread and the others furnishing capital. In 1845 he went to Mapleville, in Burrillville, R. I., and manufac- tured thread and warps for Hill &: Carpenter. In 1850 he engaged in the thread manufacture at Clarke's Mills in Richmond, R. I., where Horace Daniels became his bookkeejier. .Mr. Daniels suggested the idea of putting up the thread upon .spools. In 1855 Mr. Greene lea.sed a mill in Central F'alls for ten >ears. Mr. Daniels finally entered into business with him as a part- ner, and invented a machine for jiolishing the thread. In iS6(i the firm erecteil a new mill in Paw- tucket, across the ri\-er from Central I'alls, which was enlarged in 1865, making a solid and beautiful brick structure 420 feet long, four stories lii.s;h, with a I'rencli roof, giving another storv, and three lar<;e towers. The mill cost LIOG kA IMI 1 I'.S. 335 when completed about $1,000,000. and runs about 25,000 s])iiidle.s. After the death of liis partner, ('.en. Horace Daniels. Dec. 14, 1S76, .Mr. (".reeiie boui;ht out the interest cif Cien. Daniels's heirs and became sole owner of the thread liusiiiess and the mill ])ro]ierty. In 1S77, however, he made a joint stinity for travel throughout the United States and Canada. He married, June 17, 1833, Rebecca Borden Linnell, daughter of Josiah and Rebecca Liiniell of Hyanni.sport, Barnstable County, Mass., a wonran of great industry and rare prudence and ])iet\ . She was b. June 28, 1808, and d. in BEMJAMIM F. GREENE, FOUNDER OF THE GREENE A DANIELS MANUFACTURIh Central Falls, in the Greene mansion. June 3, 1878, in her 70th year. By this union there were six children : l^leanor. who died young ; Sarah J., who married Wanton Durfee : Herbert !•■.. who died > oung ; Mary A., who married l'"llery W. Greene ; Richard I'"., who married .\ugusta Brown : and Kdward .\.. who married .\nnie II . Houghton. GREENE, Edward A., the youngest child of Benjamin F. and Rebecca Borden (Linnell) Greene, was born in Central Falls, Feb. 9, 1845. He obtained his education in the public .schools and at the Bryant & Stratton Business College, Providence, and then became a clerk in the office of Cireene & Daniels, of which firm his father was the senior partner. He remained in this position for four years, when he went to 536 ILLUSTRATI-;!) HISTORY O !•' 1' A \VT UC K !•; T. Europe. While there he devoUd iinuh lime lo the study of the methods used U\ iu:ui> i>l the large cotton mills. I'])()n his return, heinj^ anxious to acquire a tlmroui;!! knowledge of the details of his business, he spent four years in the factory. In 1876 Mr. Daniels died, ;uul the firm was then incorporated as the Greene «S: Daniels Manufacturing Co., and Mr. Greene was elected treasurer. Uj)on the death of his father in 1886 he was elected president, and when Mr. George Grant resigned as treasurer in 1895 Mr. Greene was elected in his place and is now president and treasurer of the company. He is al.so a director of the Slater National Bank of Pawtucket, the Kent-Stanley Co. of Provi- dence, the Atlantic Mutual Fire Insurance Co. of Providence, the Pawtucket Mutual Fire In- surance Co., the River Spinning Co. of Woon- socket, and is a trustee of the Franklin Savings Bank of Pawtucket. After graduating from the Bryant & Stratton Business College in 1861 he became a private in the Home Guard and served until 1S65. He was quartermaster of the Union Guards of Central Falls for five years and was commissary on the staff of Gen. Horace Daniels, with the rank of major. Mr. Greene is a member of the Broad vStreet Bapti.st church. In national and state affairs he is a Republican. He has taken an active part in the advocacy of public improvements. Fel). II, 1874, he was married to Annie H. Houghton of Providence, by which union there are four children: Muriel H.,b. April 19, 1875: William H., b. June 28, 1878; Edith H., b. July 31, 1886, who d. in infancy, and Madeline 11., b. May 27, iSSg. GRIMES, William H., is the third of six sons (all living) of Robert and Catherine (McOuillian) Grimes, and was born in the town of Monaghan, Ireland. His brothers are John, Thomas, Francis, Jo.seph and Edward. The Grimes family removed to the United States in 1848 and took up a residence in Uxbridge, Mass. The father was a pioneer Irishman in that town, and by his manly <|ualities endeared himself to all who knew him. Being an expert in the improved methods of weaving, he sought for and found employment in the mill and soon became tin- head ol Xhv wcaxing department. The fainil\ licinie reiiiaintd at Uxbridge until 1875, when the lallur lelired from active busi- ness life to reside in l'n)\-idence. The son, W'illiam II. Grimes, allendc-d ])nblic st'liool and sul)seqiKMitl\' Schi)liield's Coiuniercial College. In 1865 he obtained enq)loym(.iit from his two l)rothers at Providence. While tliere he organ- ized the Emmett Guards, a company of the Rhode Island Militia, and without seeking the ai)pointment, he was connnissioned as first ca])- tain of the company ]>y Gov. Padelford. lle held the office for three years and then resigned. In 1872, he married Miss Julia Butler of Provi- dence, who died in 1881. From this marriage, Madelaine Grimes and Robert Grimes were born. In 1873 Mr. Grimes and family came to Pawtucket. He started in business at the corner of High and Main streets, and remained there until 1883 when he removed to Nos. 23 and 25 North Main street, in the Manchester block, which he now occupies and holds under lease. At different times he has had branch stores in Pawtucket, and Bridgeport, Comi. He is esteemed as a sound and successful busi- ness man. In 1891, he married Miss Catherine Myers of Brooklyn, X. Y. Three children, William. Miriam Cecilia, and Paul, were born of this union. He and his wife and all of his children, with the exception of Robert, who has a position in Boston, Mass., reside at 34 Denver street, Pawtucket. Mr. tirimes has taken an acti\e interest in the progress and development of Pawtucket, and while he has not sought for nor held public office he has backed U]) the and)ition of others by his good counsel and substantial support. For the past few years, however, he has declined to enter into partisan movements. Through his kindly and helping dis]>osition and his ready wit, he has made and retains a large circle of friends, and is recognized as a substantial citizen. HALL, William, .son of William and Ann (liritton) Hall, was born in Bradford, England, in iS'',5. He went to school in his native city until he was u \ears old, when he went to HIOG K A I'll I I<:S. 337 work in a spinning mill which turned out fill- iiij; tor worsted weaving'. He learned the entire business, including spinning, drawing, and combing processes. He became an expert, remained with the concern 30 j-ears, and was promoted to have charge of the drawing depart- ment. He then engaged with Isaac Tempest to take charge of the drawing, combing and s]iiiniing of wool in his large works. He remained in this place six years and then engaged with William Willis Wood, mayor of Bradford, m 1881, to superintend the same pro- cesses in his large yarn mills. Mr. Hall's repu- tation as a successful wool spinner became widely known and in 1881 he was engaged bj' W. I'. iS: I'. C. Saj'les, came to America and became sujjeriutendent of that firm's wool spin- ning department in the Lorraine Mills. He has continued there ever since, has full charge of the spinning of wool for weaving purposes, with 250 hands and 8000 spindles under his control. In politics Mr. Hall is a Republican. He is a member of the Lorraine Chapel, of which he has been treasurer for nine years. By his exertions the church has been kept out of debt and is on a prosperous basis. He is a prominent member of the Y. Si. C A. Mr. Hall has one son, John, who was born in Brad- ford, luigland, and is now an overseer in the draw ing room of the Lorraine Mills under his father ; he is an active member of the V. M. C. A., an exemplary j-oung man, was married in 1S8-; to Elizal)eth, daughter of George Howarth of Pawtucket, and they have three children : George, William and John, all Ijorn in Paw- tucket. Mr. Hall takes a great deal of pride and interest in his grandchildren. HALLIDAY, Frederick F., was born in New York city in 1833, and is of Scotch descent. When two years old, his ialher, who was an expert wood carver, went with his family to London, England : was cm])loye(l on the houses of Parliament ; but jirevious to this car- ried on business for himself for some years in New York city, and died in T^ondon in 1S45. Frederick attended the publii- and private schools of London until he was i", years of age, and from 10 \ears of age worked during vaca- tions and .spare time in a retail store. His mother and father fitted him out with a stock of clothing and .started him to New York in the ship London, and he was met in New York bj' an older brother. After a while he secured a posi- tion in a factor)- where carpenter tools were made. Later he remoxed to New Haven where he learned the carpenter's trade. When 21 years of age, he was employed at the works of the Yolcanic Repeating Pistol Co., where he set up machiner)- for the plant. Afterwards he went south and became a contractor and builder in West Virginia. He was in Virginia at the time of John Brown's raid. The outbreak of the war killed his busine.ss, and he removed to Kentucky, where he again started as a builder of wagon work, but on account of his Union proclivities was ordered to leave the state. He was forced to abandon his business and immediately moved to Ohio, but affairs being in a very un.settled condition there he decided to come north. He arrived at Pawtucket in 1861, worked for S. S. Humes for five or six years in the power shop and then for D. D. Sweet & Co. until the failure of that firm, when he became a partner with D. A. Arnold in the pattern-making business. In 1890 he bought out Mr. Arnold, and has since conducted the business under his own name, his specialties being the making of patterns and saddles for spinning frames and mules and the construction of wood work for all kinds of ma- chinery. In 1893 his son Frederick F., Jr., was for a .short time a partner in his busine.ss. Mr. Halliday represented the first ward in the common council from 1887 to 1.891. He belongs to St. Paul's Episcopal church, is a member of the Holy Sepulchre Commandery, Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter, and of the Knights of Pythias. He was married to Sarah Jane Cheek of Riple\', Ohio, in 1861, and their children are: Frederick F., Jr., George Thomas, Wilbor, luiima Maria. Jennie, Edith and Alfred. HALLIDAY, Frederick F., Jr., was born in Pawtucket, K. I., Jan. 15, 1862, and is the first child of Frederick and Sarah Jane (Cheek) Halliday. He attended the public schools of his native town iinti] his 17th year when he 33^ tLH^STU A'ri; I) HISTORY OF I'AWT I' C KlvT. went to work in the ofiice ol (ieoi'm,- W. Kful as assistant bookkeeper. As this (iciu]i;ilinn was not connenial to him he detennineil Id learn a trade and a]i])renlieed liinisell In !>. A. Arnokl «!v: Son, pattern niaki-rs, with whnni lie remained twelve vears. In iSij.i he ojiened a small pattern shop, which he has continned to enlarge, until now he lias a wond working establishment completely eqnip]K-d with modern machinery. Besides pattern and cabinet making he does all classes of carpenter and wood work for factories and all kinds of machinery. The business was successful from the first .-md has increased steadily. June ji, iS.Sij, lu- was married to I,il\' Crosskx . daughter of Rolieit Crossley, and the>- have Iwn children : Roberl Crossley, b. March, 1891, and Jioiathia Maud, b. April, 1.S9.S. HARDING, Nehemiah, was born in West Harwich, Mass., Ma\- i,',, ■•'^.i.v and is the fourth child of Nehemiah and Abigail (Smith) Harding. He attended the public .schools of his native tnwii until his iiiiilh year. .\t that early age he wvui to sea as a lisherman and fol- lowed this occupation for 10 years. In 1.S52 he came to Central Falls and worked at spool- making for two years. He was then enijiloyed in a general merchandise store b\' Jcihii W. Tingley for three and a half years. In i^i.s;, in copartnership with Henry Gooding, he opened a grocery and crockery store, but owing to poor health he was compelled to retire in 1S61. In 1S64 he opened another store, which he con- tinued for ID years, disjiosing of it to enter the dry goods business in the lidgerton block, Cen- tral street. This business increased so that he was com]ielled to seek larger quarters on the other side of the street, at No. 60, where he remained until July, 1S96, when owing to the decrease of business on account dl the readjust- ineul of pojnilation he removed to his jncsent location, 516 Dexter street, where he now has an excellent trade. He has betii successful from the first and his business is continually increasing. Mr. Harding is a Republican in politics. lie attends the Haptist church on Uroad street, and is a member ol the Knights of Honor, R. S. C). I',, Iron Hall, and of the Central I'alls \'eteran I'iremen's .\ssociatioii. Sept. 2.S, 1S56, he was married to lvlizal)eth 15. Oooding of Central Falls, b\ which union there were seven child- ren, six of whom are deceased. The sur\i\ing child, M. Florence, was born in Central I'alls, Ajiril 23, 1S74, and was married Jan. 22. 1.S96. to J. Henry Weaver. HARLEY, David, was born in P.almerino, iMfeshire, Scotland, No\-. 27, 1S52, and is the son of William and Isabella (McLeish) IIarK\ of Perthsliiie. He received his education in the schools of his native land, and then learned the dry goods business in Coupar-Angus. In iSj2 he came to the Ignited States and located in I'roxidence. l.ate in 1S76 he entered into a co])artnership with John G. Small, and started a dry goods .store in the Spencer building. Paw- tucket, under the llrm name f)f Small it Harley. Mr. Small witlidrew in i.sss and the business was continued by Mr. IIarlc\ under the name of David Harley & Co., until it was incorporated in 1.S94 as the David Harle\' Co. The store is now at 286 and 288 Main street, and is a modern mammoth department enijiorinm. The officers of the company are : John H. Cumming, presi- dent ; David Harley, treasurer; and P'rank H. Borden, secretary. Mr. Harley is the active and responsible manager of the business. Mr. Harley is a Republican. He is a mem- ber of the Park Place Congregational church and takes a deep interest in church work. He is a charter mendjer of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, belongs to the Masonic Order, and to Clan Fraser, Order of Scottish Clans. In 1877 he was married to Jessie Mc- Kenzie P'erguson, b\' which union there were three children : William, Isabella, and George. His first wife died in 1889, and he was married the .second time to Nellie M. Coalidge, b\- which union there are two children : Marion Page and Gordon. HARRINGTON, Francis M., M. D., was born in ISostou, Mass., Jan. i, 1869. He was educated in the Boston i)ublic schools and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Boston, from which he was graduated in 1890 when 22 years old. .Vfler spending .several months in the FREDERICK F. HALLIDAY, FRANCIS M. HARRINGTON, M. D. ■^r^**^', WALTER G. HARTFORD. LEWIS T. HASKELL. SILAS B. HAVENS, OF S. B. HAVENS A CO-, CATERERS WILLIAM D. S. HAVENS, RETIRED GROCER. v^4o I I.I,rSTUATi;i) HISTORY OF 1' AWTl' C KKT. hospitals of Ivuropc he estalilished himsell as a physician at Roxbury, Mass., where he practiced two years. During this time he was connected with the Riiggles Street Hospital and the Har- vard Dispensary. I'or sonic time he has Ikcu general examiner for the Mdropolilan Lilc Insurance Co., in which capacit\ he first came to Pawtucket. vSince locating here he has huilt U]) a good general practice and ranks high as a ])h\sician and surgeon. ()ct. 15. 1'^')-, he was married at Littleton. N. H.. to Maud Rennie Burton of Hoston, and the\- ha\e one child, Francis Burton, h. March 5, i'S95, in Pawtucket. The doctor is a F'ellow of the Rhode Island Medical vSociet\ and also of the Pawtucket Medical Association, of which hist he is secretary. HARRISON, Alfred, was born in Manches- ter, England, Sejit. 2<\ 1S52, and was the first born of Abraham and Hann.ih (R(il)ins()n) Harrison. Fntil he was twelve years old he attende^4,^. V>y this uiiinii there are fi\e children: Herbert .\lberl, 1). Dec. ,si, i.Sy.s; Ada Mary, b. June 4, 1S77: Sarah .Mice Mabel, b. May 28, 1879; Lillian Neatli, b. Sept. 5, 1884 ; fJeorge Alfred I'"iederic, b. Jail. 18, i8yi. The first three were born in Manchester, England, and the last two in Pawtucket. .Mr. Harrison's father was born at .St. Helen's, near Liverpool, ICng., in 1.S25, and was a locomotive engineer on the Lancashire and Yorkshire railway. He died in 187(1. His mother was born in Manchester in 1S29 and died in iSi)4. HASKELL, Lewis T., a son of 'i'unier and Patience (Smith) Haskell, was born in Cumber- land, R. I., in 1.S25. He went to the district school winters and meanwhile worked on his father's farm. Afterwards he took a course at the F^riends vSchool, Providence, when 21 years of age. Not having studied for aii\ ]n-ofessioii he began to learn the macdiinist trade at the .\rnold Mills, Cumberland. After a \ear the business was discontinued and he then went to Woousocket to engage in the same trade w ilh Whipple and William Metcalf, manufacturers of cotton machiner}-. He c|uicklv ma.stered the trade, become an efficient machinist and re- mained in Woousocket three \ears, when he went to Providence as machinist for the Eagle Screw Co. (now the American), with which concern he continued about three \ears. In [853 he came to Pawtucket and founded the business of Pinkham, Haskell ..S: Co.. bolt and screw makers. In 1S55 he sold out his interest to his brother William 11. Haskell, after which he worked as a machinist in Providence and Pawtucket, but meanwhile li\e' men were constantly employed . In 1850, in company with Curtis Collyer and Lewis T. Haskell, his younger brother, he Ijought an interest in the bolt and screw manu- facturing plant of Pinkham & Jenk.s, and the new firm was organized as Pinkham, Haskell & Co. In 1857 he purchased his brother's, Mr. CoUyer's and Stephen A. Jenks's interests in the firm and became sole owner. In 1861 Robert vSherman entered the firm as a special partner and continued as such until 1868 when Mr. Haskell bought him out. This indu.str>- was the successor of an old machine shop established in the first years of the century by Col. Stephen Jenks. Under Mr. Haskell's management the production of the bolt and nut shop was rapidly increased, so that the necessity .soon arose for the enlargement of the works. Tliis undertak- ing was begun in iSftoand conqileted in 1861, when the large shops on .Main street were put in operation. The first building erected was considered manunoth in its ])roportions, being 100 feet long b\ jn wide, and two stories high, but in a few years the increase of business demanded its enlargement to ^^50 feet long by 50 wide, and abfiut 150 employes were required to operate it. The specialties manufactured are bolts, nuts, washers and coach screws. The indu.strj^ has been uniformly .successful and has furnished contiinious employment to a large number of skilled mechanics. The present annual jiroduction is now valued at about $200,000. The concern was incorporated as the William H. Haskell Co. in 1881, and the pre.sent officers are William H. Haskell, presi- dent: Ednunul S. Mason, treasurer; Daniel A. Hunt, agent. While giving his best energies to the de- velopment of this great business, Mr. Haskell, however, did not neglect his duties as a citizen. He has represented the people in many positions of trnst and honor, and has ser\-ed as town councilman, water conunissioner, state senator, and on many boards and commissions. Politi- cally he was originally a Whig, but since before the war has acted with the Republican part\'. He has always had the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens in a marked degree, and his character and conduct has justified this regard. He is a director in the Pacific National Bank. Mr. Haskell was twice married, by which unions there were three children, two of whom, both daughters, are living. He is descended from a family who.se longevity is remarkable. His grandfather, Samuel Haskell, was 95, and his grandmother, Mary Haskell, 91 years of age, and both died in the same j'ear, 1S49. They were among the first settlers of Cundierland. His father. Turner Haskell, was active in jniblic life and served both in the town council of Cum- berland and the (General Assembly of Rhode Island f(ir man\ \cars. He lived and died in the town ol Cunihcrhmd and was 73 years old when he passed away in 1863. His mother. Patience (Smith) Haskell, died in 188-5 at the ripe age of 89. This couple hatl nine children, of whom William H. was the second son. HATHEWAY, William Henry. Nature gave to Mr. Hatlieway so modest, reser\-ed and patient a character, yet, withal .so brave, when true courage was required, as never to .shrink when he felt a dut\ urged him on, that few ever really knew his trul\ refined and poetic thoughts .^4= I I, I, I • S T R A T I'D 1 1 I S T (» R V < ) !• V.\ W T I" CK I'. T. aiul itleas. Mis piirilaiiic hrin<;iiii; uji. conihiiicd with great conscientiousness, made liini seem severe in discijiline with those he loved, because he could not endure to think that his own had fallen short of any duty or accountability, llpright to the utmost, his word as good as his bond, fulfilling every obligation, faithful, luiuesl, never .self-seeking, he has passed im to that uu known world where all knowledge is his, and the reward of the faithful unto death is given. IK- was the sou of Frederick and Sall\' (White) Ilallieway, was Ixnii at Dightou, .Mass., Dec. ii, 1.S14, and died at Pawlucket, R. I., March 16, 1S75. lie was a lineal descend- ant of John Hathewaw who is s])oken of in the Colnnial Records as the " Leading Citizen of 'rauutou." and one of the first proprietors of that town, and its representative at the Ply- mouth Colony Court many years. He was likewi.se descended from Richard Williams, one of the first and largest owners of what was called the "South Purchase," and who named the tract of land Dightou in honor of his wife, I'Vauces Dightou. Ricliard Williams was a representati\e to the Plymouth Colony Court manj' years. Mr. Ilatlieway was also descended from many other first comers, including John Richmond, John Turner, John Anthony, Thomas Caswell and Richard (jodfre\- : James Walker, chairman nl tlu- t-ommittee on war several years, and who held many important offices in colonial times: Joliu Coggeshall, the first jiresi- deut of the c(il(iu\- of Rhode Island ; John Coggeshall, Jr., who was deputy governor sev- eral years, and one nt tlie signers of the Royal Charter granted li> Iviug Charles II. in 1663 ; from William liauldstone, another signer of the Royal Charter and Que of the governor's council for twent\ twii \ tars, as well as treasurer, and the occui)ant of otliei important offices ; John Greene, surgeon, one of the first purchasers of Warwick ; beside from comers in each of the three first vessels, Mayflower, I'orluue, and Anne. Others of note and worth iu tlu- cul onies were his direct ancestors. lie was in direct descent from mau\- lines of royah>, William the Coiujueror and Charlemagne lieiug among them. The grandfather of .Mr. Ilatlie- way was vSte])heu IIalhewa\-, who was a ship- builder at Tauutou, and on the coming of age of his sons (as was a fashion with man\- at that (.-arl\- time) gave them a ]iortiou of his niouex or estate. Sle])lKu uuirried Hoj)e Pierce, a descendant of Abraham Pierce of Plymouth colony, and they had twehe children, the names of whoui were : Leonard, Alik-u, .Stephen, Nicholas, .\uua, Ivlias, Ivbeue/.er, iMederick. Ansou, llii]ii-, Pdlly and Ivrastus. The portion of Frederick, who had been educated as a navi- gator, was two ships laden with ]>roduce to carry to the West Indies in exchange for tropi- cal produce to bring to Massachu.setts or New England, but, being caught in a terrible gale, the vessels were lo.st with several of the crew. Captain Frederick never recovered from the exposure and lived man}' years an inxalid, having received a sunstroke by over-exertion for the preservation of the men entru.sted to his care. William lived in the family of his uncle, Aldeu Hatheway of P'reetown, several years, where he attended the village school ; later he came to Smithfield. R. 1., and there married Miss Fanny .\rnold, a descendant of Thomas and William Arnold. He engaged in farming, but later formed a paitnershi]) with others and built at Pawtucket in 1853, near the railroad on Broad .street, what was .styled the Rhode Island Stove Works, but afterwards becoming sole pro- prietor the name was changed to the Pawtucket Furnace Company. He served the town occa- sionally as a member of the .school committee and of the town council. At Mr. Hathewa>-'s death in 1.S71 he left two daughters, win-, are uowlixing: Belinda Olney, wife of Joshua Wilbour, ol Wil- bour, Jackson & Co., bankers, Proviilence, R. I. ; Anna, wife of William Heur\- Park, cashier I'irst National I5auk of Pawtucket. HAVEN5, Silas B., sou of Col. C). and Laura (Ral])h) Havens, was born in Co\eutr\-, R. I., .\ug. jc;, 1.S47. He atteudeil school iu his uatiw- \illage until he was i') years old, llieu worked iu a grocery store at Hojie fn two years and was entr\- elerk lor i S montlis, and then started into the groeery l)nsiness for liiniselt in Cci\entry. While eondncting tliis linsiness hi was ap]iointed postmaster of Covlmi- lr\ , and held the (jlTice two years. He was then a])])ointetl depot master at Co\i-ntr\'. and staved there in that capacity nntil iSji, when he ]>nrchased a one-fourth interest in the sjjool and hohhin works at Pottersville, R. I., and a similar interest in new works the same concern erected at Nipninek. R. I. ; but in 1874 he sold out his stock in hotli these properties, came to Pawtucket, Sept. 5, 1876, and purchased W. H. Harper's interest in the bakery of Harper & DeWitt, on East avenue. On the death of Mr. DeWitt in 1879, Mr. Haven's bought the entire business. In 1883 he added a catering depart- ment, and in 1891 purchased the restaurant of S. D. W'arburton at 176 Main street. Under the name of S. H. Ha\ens iS; Co., he conducted both the l)aker\- ant! the restaurant until I ■'^94, but since then has confined his attention to the restaurant and to liigh-class catering. As caterers the firm controls the lion's share of the high-class trade hereabouts and suppl\- every possible requisite for dinner- ]iarties. balls, suppers, weddings and break- fasts. The restaurant at 176 Main street is 30 by 60 feet in size, furnished in a sumptuous and very attractive st\le, with handsome appoint- ments, electric-lights, soda fountain and other superior fixtures, and has acccmmodations for fifty persons. Politically Mr. Ha\cns is a Democrat and has been active in his party. In fraternal cir- cles he has taken a conspicuous part. He is Past Master of Union Uodge, No 10, A. F. and A. M. ; mend^er of Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter, No. 4 ; Past T. I. M. of Pawtucket Council, No. 2, R. and .S. Masters; member of Holy vSepul- chre Connnandery, Rhode Island Consistory, A. A. Scottish Rite; Palestine Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., Providence, R. \. He is also a member of Enterprise Eodge, I. (). (). I'.; Hlackstone Ivncampment ; a Past Sachem and charter member of the Red Men ; belongs to the United Workmen, Knights of Honor, Knights of Pythias, the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, the Pawtucket Veteran Firemen's Association, and is an associate mem- ber of Tower Post, O. A. R. He was married in Novendier, 1866. to Rlioda \. v. Tefft of Natick. R. I., by which union there were four children : Christopher ().. Justin C. Charles V . . Silas H. His first wife diell\' as a boy, and enjoys life hi>;hly. HAY, James H., son of David IIa\- and Ann (Shields) Hay, was born in Olasgow, Scotland, Feb. 9, 1840. He came in 1842 with his parent.s from Scotland to Pro\-idence, where they resided until i.Sso, when the\- remo\ed to Pawtucket, where James H. has ever since resided. He attended the ])ublic schools, but left when quite young t" go to work in a cotton mill, where he workeil until about iShci. At that time he wvul to work lor William H. Has- kell, now the W. 11. Haskell Co., but left in 1861 to enlist in tlie 2d Rhode Island \'olun- teers, Comi)anv I'., on Ma\' ist; he was mus- tered into actual sen'ice Aug. i, 1861, and was honorably discharged Dec. 5, 1862. In iSfij; he went to work for the Providence Tool Compan\ on government work. In 1865 he began lo work for Kales & Jenks, and continued in the em])loy of that firm until Sept., 1867, when he went to work for N. P. Hicks in the ring tra\- eller manufacture in the old Slater Mill. In 187 1 the name of the lirm was changed to ¥,. Jenckes & Co., ncjw ilie !•',. Jenckes Manufac- turing Co., with which concern he continued until 1893. June I, 1893, he started in business on his own account under the name of James H. Hay & Co., manufacturers of the United States Standard Ring Travellers, in The Adam .Sut- cliffe Co. building on Leather avenue. Mr. Hay was married in Providence, Aug. 26, 1865, to Mary A. Burton of Blackburn, England, by Rev. A. H. Granger, of the Fourth Baptist church. Providence. By this marriage there are seven children, five girls and two boys, all of whom are living ; two married daughters and five grandchildren. The names of the sons and daughters are : Mrs. James A. Perry, Mrs. iMed II. Chatterton, James I-Aerett Hay, Marguerite A. Hay, Maude C>. Hay, Mabel L. IIa>-, John Burton Hay. The grand children are : J. Wheaton Perry, Gladys E. Perry, Ruth A. Perry, .\llen H. Chatterton, and Lincoln I'". Chatterton. HAYES, Patrick E., .son of Patrick and Catherine (Walsh) Hayes, was born in Holy- oke, Ma.ss., Nov. 16, 1848. He attended St. Mary's parochial school, Pawtucket, until his 15th year, when he went to work in the mills of the Union Wadding Co., and continued to labor there until March, iS'^),S. Being too young to be accejited as a volunteer, he joined the regu- lar armv, enlisted in Co. IL ,^d Battalion, 15th V. S. Infantry, and was stationed at b'ort Adams, Newport. Just after the close of the war of the rebellion his company joined the regiment at Lookout Mountain, antl he after- waids was stationed at .Mobile, Ala., and Macon, Ga., as clerk in the adjutant general's department. He senetl under Generals Pope, Ruger and Meade, and was stationed at Atlanta, Ga., during the reconstruction period. He served his entire ])eriod of enlistment and was discharged March, iSri.S, being at that time clerk in the adjutant general's department at the headquarters of Gen. Meade in Atlanta, Ga. In 1869 he returned to the ITnion Wadding Co. and was successively promoted from one ]iosition to another until in 1880 he became assistant superintendent, which office he has filled accept- ably to the ])resent time. In ])olitics Mr. Hayes is a Democrat. He was a member of the Pawtucket town council in 1883 and 1885, and was one of the executive staff of Gov. John W. Davis in iS,S7 and iSSy, with the rank of i-olonel. He is a member of St. Mary's church, Pawtucket, of the Catholic Knights of America, the Knights of Columbus, and belongs to the Providence Athletic As.socia- tion and the Pawtucket Business Men's A.ssoci- ation. In 1873 he was married to Catherine E., daughter of Daniel and Ami Creamer (Canty), and they have five children: hMward J.. Mar- garet M., Catherine, Daniel and William. HAYWARD, Fred Arthur, was bom in Woonsocket, l'*eb. 16, 1859, and was the first BIOGRAPHIKS. 345 child ol SanuK-l II. and Avis Auyii.sla (Arnold) Hayward. ( )ii his uiuther's side he belongs to the well-known Arnold family of Woonsocket, and is of the tenth generation from William Arnold, one of Roger Williams's five comjian- ions in the original settlement of Providence. His line of descent is William, the first settler, Thomas, Richard, Richard, Daniel, Uriah, Daniel, and Hanson, the maternal grand hither of Mr. Hayward. Fred A. attended the public schools of his nali\e town until he was 14 years of age, when he became a clerk in the office of William R. Cook, and worked for him and his successors, Carroll & Talbott, for five j-ears. At the end of this period, in Juh', 1S7S, he went to work as clerk in the freight department of the Providence and Worcester railroad at Pawtucket, and was promoted to be freight collector for Pawtucket, ill which position he handled hundreds of thous- ands of dollars. In 1S81 he was appointed chief ticket clerk at the passenger station, and on the death of his uncle, Daniel R. Arnold, succeeded him as ticket agent at Pawtucket for the New York, Providence and Boston railroad. This position he still holds for the present corpora- tion. Mr. Hayward is a Republican. He belongs to the Barney Merry Lodge of Masons, of which from 1888 to the present time he has been secretary, and is a member of Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter, Holy Sepulchre Com- mander}', and Providence Lodge of Perfection. He \yas married in 1884 to Charlotte Emily, daughter of John A. Moore, of Providence, R. L They have two children. Avis Augusta, b. Dec. 1885 ; Fred A., b. Oct., 1888. HODGES, Frank B., superintendent of the Dunnell Manufacturing Co., was born in Paw- tucket in 1854. He is the son of William and Harriot L. (Horton) Hodges, and spent his boyhood in Fall River and Newport, in which places he obtained his education in the public schools. In 1876 he entered the Dunnell print- works with a determination to master the busi- ness. He learned to be a machine printer, familiarized himself with the other departments, and in 1880 was installed as foreman of the printing department. This position he filled with entire satisfaction until 1893 when he was appointed general superintendent of the works, and now has under his control 700 employees. In politics Mr. Hodges is a Republican, and has served on the Pawtucket city committee, but has repeatedly declined j)ublic honors. HOLLIDAY, William Merrick, the ninth child of J- still retain. The business, which is now in sncli a flourishing condition, was begun in a small wa\- b\' Luther & Ashton, in a building that was located on the " ( )ld Fishing Rock," sometimes known as " Shad Rock " — situated just lielow the granite bridge. In late years this rock has been blasted away to a great extent, anil on llie spot where once the old box factory was now stands the large modern brick power station of the Pawtucket Electric Co. Luther & Ashton were succeeded in 1S57 b\' Jacob N. Polsey, who established the busi- ness on a successful foundation. In 1872 the business demanded more room and the present commodious quarters were erected on Bayley street. Here a railroad frontage and .spur tracks were obtained which are of marked advantage, facilitating the Inuul- ling of Inmlier to a great extent. The main building is tlnxe stories high and 140 by 40 leet in dimensions. In addition there are spacious sheds for the storage of lumber. .Since 1.S77 the Inisiness has rapidly grown and is no longer local as the firm snj)])lies boxes of a certain nature in large quantities to all of the large eastern cities and sends them as far west as JAMES H. HAY, PATRICK E. HAYES, ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT Uh FRED A. HAYWARD, FRANK B. HODGES, SUPERINTENDENT DUNNELL MANUFACTURING C OREN S. NORTON, SUPERINTENDENT OF STREET LIGHTING 1 348 I LH'STR ATIvI) HISTORY ( ) I' 1' AW T T C K IvT. Chicago aiul Si. Louis. In coinicctioii with llii.- inamifacturiiij; i)laiit, large saw mills are oper- ated in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, where the firm owns extensive woodlands. .Several million feet of hunher are used anuuallw All the late.st improved machinery is used in the factory and ahout 50 hands are enii)lo>ed. Mr. Hood is a Republican in politics and though often solicited to run for ofllce lias always refused. He is a inenil)er of the h'irst Baptist church and also one o( the charter mem- bers of the Pawtucket Business Men's Associa- tion. In 1S77 he was married to Vella Mathew- son, the sister of his present partner, and tliey have four children one girl and three boys, the youngest, .\rtliur W'., being nine years of age, and the oldest, John Laurence, eighteen, is now in college. Mr. Hood occupies a handsome lesidence on Cottage street, which he had built to suit his own plans and convenience. It is at his home that he spends most of his time when not engaged in the duties ol his business, for he finds pleasure in his own famil\ . Mr. Hood is a straightfor- ward business man, iHsliking publicity, but willin;^ to do liis share for the general welfare. He is fund of traxx-l and it is in this manner tliat lie fre(|ueiitl\' spends much of his vacation, having joiirnexed exteiisi\-ely over the different sections of the I'nited States and Eurojjc. HORTON, Frederick A., agent of the Cum- berland Mills Co., was born in Central Falls, May 10, 1847, and is the oldest son of Darius and Mercy (Crowell) llorlcm. b'tir a number of generations the Hortons have been a numer- ous and active family in Swansea and Rehoboth, Mass. Frederick's father and grandfather were natives of Swansea, and both were masons and contractors. His mother's family, the Crowells, came originally from Yarmouth, Cape Cod. Frederick went to the public schools in Central Falls until he was 16 years old, and then took a two years' course at Scholfield's Commercial College, Providence. At the age of iS he went to work in the grocery store of K. B. Averill, Central Falls, but only remained a short time. I-'rom 1.S65 to 1870 he was bookkeeper for Wes.son & Phillips, l'i"o\idence, and held like positions with James Phillips from 1870 to 1875: with the .\iiiericaii Steam (iaugeCo., Boston, Mass., for four months, 1S75-6; and with the Stafford Manufactuiiiig Co.. Central Falls, from 1.S76 to iS.Sj. Whik- with the latter coiiipaii\' he made a stud\- of the manufacture of yarn and thread, obtained an excellent practical experience, and as a result was appointed superintendent of the extensixe mills (it the corporation at Ceiilrul I'alls in 1SS2. This |)ositi<)n he held until 1.S89, when he became agent for the Cumberland Mills Co., with which concern he has remained until the present. Mr. Horton is a careful, conservative busine.ss man. His years of experience in the various concerns he has been with has widened his outlook on affairs so that lie is prepared for the emergencies that arise in manufacturing. An account of these mills, wliicli now stand on the site of one of the first coltuii spinning mills ill .\iiierica, can be found on ])age 14:;. In pcilitics Mr. Ilorluii is a Re])ublicaii, but has never helil olTice. He is a iiuiuber of Jeiiks Lodge, No. 24, A. F. and A. M.. Cen- tral Falls; Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter: Paw- tucket Council, R. and S. Masters ; and Hol\- vSepulchre Connnandery. Jan. i.S, 1S71, he was married to Ennice C. Ide, of Pawtucket, but she died Feb. 1874, in child-birth, leaving a child, Eunice Ida, b. Feb. 6, 1874, who still survives. Jan i, 18S5, he was married in Cen- tral Falls to Sarah R. Ordvvay of Eliot, Me. HORTON, Oren S., was born in Rehoboth, Mass., Sept. 5, 1823, and was the sixth child of Benjamin and Betsey (Bliss) Horton. He attended the public schools until he was 15 years old, then worked at farming until 1851, when he came to Central I'alls, secured a posi- tion with S. C. Peirce, manufacturer of confec- tionary, learned the business, and remained with him for eight years. In 1861 in company willi .M . P.. Arnold he purchased his employer's business and conducted it under the firm name of M. B. Arnold c\: Co. until iSyo, when he dis])osed of his interest. .Mr. Horton was \-ery active in political affairs and held maiu' public offices. He was a member of the town council of Pawtucket for p. I ()(• A I'll I IvS. 349 cii^lU \x-ars and servx-d on llu- lirsi hnaid dI aldcTiiiL-ii wliLai I'awtuckcl was iiu-orpdiale-d as a cit\-. He was t-leeted lo the legislature in iSyT) aller one dI the most exciting political contests in the history of Pawtucket, and it took three daj'S to decide the election. In 1S92 he was elected superintendent of street lighting, wliich position he held until his death, Oct. 26, I Sy5. While filling this office he also conducted a real estate business, devoting his time chiefly to the management and settlement of intricate matters connected with large estates. Mr. llorton was a life-long and active Republican. Under the old \-olunteer regime he was for iiS years in the fire department and took an active jiart in the organization of the Pawtucket W'teran F'iremen's Association. Sept. 5. 1843, he was married to Lx'dia S. Cxreen of South King.ston, K. I., by which union there are four children: Harriet li., (reorge P., Frederick R., and Arthur P. HORTON, Otis H., son of Otis M. and Caroline Elizabeth (Spicer) Horton, was born at Stafford Springs, Conn., in iS4,v 'Phe Hortons have resided in Southern Massachu- setts and Rhode Island for several generations, and trace their descent to one of the early English immigrants who landed in New luig- land soon after the time of the first settlement of Plymouth. The father of Otis H. was l)orn in Rehoboth, was a farmer originalU', but learned to be a mason and removed to Griswold, Conn., where he engaged in the building liusiness. Otis spent his boyhood in Jewett Cit\-, Conn. , and received his schooling there. At the age of 12 he entered the Slater Cotton Manufacturing Co. at Jewett City. He became an expert spinner and worked in those mills until he was 17, when he enlisted in Co. H, 5th Connecticut, and went to the war. He was in the army of the Potomac and saw acti\e service in many important bat- tles, including Winchester, Chancellors\ine, (iettxsburg, the Second Bull Run, Cedar Mountain, Antietam, Lookout Mountain and man\- others. He was in Sherman's march to the sea, was in North Carolina when Gen. Lee surrendered, and look part in the trium])hant march northward to Washington. Althougli serving all through the war he never was in hospital or off duty for a day. After the war he relumed home, and until i.SSi was overseer of spinning in the mills at Jewett City. In 1882 he became an overseer in the Grinnell mills, New Bedford. In i.Syo he came to Pawtucket and became overseer of the ring spinning department of the Slater Cotton Co., which position he has since held. He has over 125 hands under his control and is respon- sible for the department. In politics Mr. Horton is a Republican. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias. He was married in 1.S72 to Cynthia M. Rathbun of Jewett City. Conn., by which union there have been two children : Charles O., b. in Jewett City, d. July, 1879; lu'a M., 1). in New Bedford, Mass., now living. HOWE, Dr. George J., of Central Falls, is of English ancestry, and is the son of George Howe and Margaret (Conway) Howe. His parents came to Providence in 1865. His father is a mechanic and in\entor, and lives in Provi- dence. Cieorge J. was born in Providence, Dec. 22, 1868, and is the fifth child and first son. He received his education in the public schools of Providence and at LaSalle Academy, from which he graduated when 19 years of age. He iletermined to become a physician, and .studied in the office of Dr. S. vS. Burton, one of the leading physicians of Providence, for one year, when he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Baltimore. His aim was to become a thoroughly good physician, skilled in all branches of the profession. He was graduated from col- lege in 1892 and ;it once opened an office in Central Falls, at No. 15 Central street. Here he built uj) a large and lucrative practice. In 1894 he moved into a larger office at the corner of Central and High streets. Central F'alls. Dr. Howe is a skilled surgeon as well as physician. He is a member of the Rhode Island Medical Society, the Providence Medical Association, and the Pawtucket Medical Association. He is also a memlier of Pocasset Tribe, Red Men, Central I'alls. HUGHES, Thomas F., son of Thomas and Mary (F'arrell) Hughes, was Ijorn at Black- stone, Mass., in iS^s. His father came from ILLUSTR ATlvO lllSTOKN" t ) !• 1' A W'lM'C K IvT. liL-huuI in iS4(>, SL-ttk-(l at Hlacksioiu- ami li\<.-(l tlii-iL- until his ik-atli. Tlionias !•". attended school until he was lo \eais old, when he went to work in the mill at Hlackstone. In Se])t. 1S67, the faniil\- mo\-ed to Albion, K. I., where he lived for four years. Then he came ti> \'alle\- Kails and worked a short time in the mills at \'alle\- h'alls and Lonsdale, when he left the mill and learned lo be a barber. .\lter workini^ four years at this trade he started a dr\- j;oods, boot, shoe, and millinery store at \'alle\- Kalis, on Hroad street. !'>> strict attention to business he built up a good trade, and eight years later he disposed of his stock and opened a grocerj^ store on the corner of Hroad and Titus streets, where he continued until the fall of 1895, when the increase of trade demanded more suitable quarters, which he secured by building a new block with quarters for his business on the ground floor and tenements in the upper stories. The business is now very extensive and pros- perous and Mr. Hughes has accumulated by its means considerable property. He is a Demo- crat in ])olitics, and has held many offices, having served on the school connnittee for three 3'ears, was town auditor for three years, and also represented the town of Cumberland in the General Asseniblw He is a member of the Koresters, also a member of the Catholic Knights of America, and was jiresident of Kane Branch, No. 472, for seven years consecutively. He belongs to St. Patrick's Catholic church. Valley Kalis. In if^77 he was married lo Harriet Carey of Valley I'alls. HUMES, Albert H., was born in Pawtucket, Jan. 29, 1S64, and received his education in the public schools of his native town and at »Schol- field's Commercial College, Providence. At the age of 1 7 he Ijecame a student in the office of Wil- liam R. Walker & Son, architects. Providence, and remained there seven years. In the sum- mer of 188S he opened an office as an architect in Central Kails, but in the winter of 1S94 he removed to Music Hall building, Pawtucket, where he has since remained. Among some of the buildings designed by him may be mentioned : Oarfield street schoolhouse, Kendall street fire station, Mrs. Sarah J. Durfee's residence, Ben- jamin 1*'. (i. I^innell's residence, and .\Ianson P. WcKid's residence, Central Kails: Hon. Lucius I). Darling's summer residence, Chatham, .Mass. ; the residences of Dr. J. H. Jerauld and A. T. Parker, North Attleliom, Mass: the residences of John P. Hood, Lester I. .Mathewson, Walter 11. .Stearns, and Lucius 1!. Darling, Jr.. Paw- tucket: and tlu- summer houses of James U. MacCoIl. Charles \i. Pervear and .\rthur 15. Mann, Shawoniet I'.each, R. I. Mr. Humes is a niend>er ol the Pawtucket Business Men's Association. He belongs to Jenks Lodge, No. 24, .\. h". and A. M.; Paw- tucket Council, Ron al and Select Masters, No. 2; Pawtucket Rcjyal Arch Chapter, No. 4: and Holy Sepulchre Commander}-, No. 8. He was married to Jennie Haird Russell, Dec. 15, i88y, at Saylesville, R. I. HUNT, Daniel A., was born at Hunt's Mills, Seekonk (now Kast Providence), Nov. 12, 1839, and was the .second child of Daniel Ide and Nancy Waterman (Winsor) Hunt. ( )n his mother's side he is descended from Roger Wil- liams. The Hunt family is descended from Peter Hunt, one of the first settlers of Rehoboth. The father of Daniel A. started a cotton mill at Hunt's Mills on the Ten Mile ri\er in 1S22, and at this ])lace which had been founded by the family, there were in 1836, besides the cotton factory, a grist mill and a fulling mill. Daniel A. attended the Seekonk schools, and when his parents moved to Warren he attended the high school there, from which he was graduated with honors. He then entered the employ of the Providence Tool Co. as a boy in the packing room, and was successively promoted until he reached the position of agent, which he held until 1S82, when he was chosen agent of the W. H. Haskell Co. at Pawtucket. He has since been the outside man of that compans-. emi)Ioy- ing 120 men. The output under his management has increased largely and the concern has pros- ]iere(I. Mr. Hunt is a .stockholder in the coni])an\ . Ik- belongs to St. John's Lodge of Ma.sons, the West Side Club, the .\thletic .Vsso- ciation, and the Light lnfantr\- X'eterans, all of Providence. In 1865 he was married to Annie Hv-ans, daughter of Duty Kvans. The issue of I I, I, US' ATI'. I> llISTol-lV ol'" I'AWTrCK Iv T. this union were : ])aiiiel A. Jr., wlm was reci-nth' drowned: Herbert ICvans, Aliie Winsor Irvint;, (^wen, and Stephen Foster. JACKSON, David, was Imrn in Lancashire, Ivn^hind, March 2, 1S47, and was the fourth chiUl of Robert and Ivli/abeth (Beaumont) Jackson. His ]iarents came to America in 1855 and settled in W'oonsocket , wliere David alternatel_\' worlced in a mill and attended the pul)lic schools until he was 10 >ears of age. When he was liS he entered the machine shop of the Harris Woolen Co., of Woonsocket, as an apprentice. Having served his time he secured enipl()> nient in the shop of James S. Brown of I'awtucket, where he worked until he obtained a better position with the Fales & Jenks Machine Co. In iS.Sy he left tliat concern to organize a company for the manufacture of shell rolls under his patents for spinning ma- chiner\ , etc. The business was incorporated un- can be adjusted to all kinds of spinning frames, and they greatlj' facilitate the work besides cheapening the cost and improving the quality of the product. Besides this Mr. Jackson has brought out many other patents. His improved lubricators for shafting, speeder spindles and pulleys, are largely used. To his production he has added many small tools, the manufacture of which his company is now engaged in. The Jackson Patent vShell Roll Co. is the only establishment in this country engaged in this line of work. The industry was started in the Cole Bros, machine shop, in a room 12 by 12. After going through all the trials incident to placing a new- device on the market the increase of the busi- ness made a removal necessary and the ])resent .shops on Bagley street, in the rear of Mineral Spring avenue, were engaged. Mr. Jackson is a Republican. He is a mendjer of the Pawtucket Business Men's Asso- ciation, and a prominent mason. He attends the jiajitist church. June 15. ts-ji, lu- was married to Clara .M . I'.ucklin of I'awtucket, b\- wliicii union there is one child. l,uc\- Wilbur. JACKSON, Walter H., wasb-nn in JolniNton, R. I., Nov. 7, iSyc, and is the second child of Jo.se])h k. and 'I'ir/ali (Moss) Jackson. While yet in infanc\' his famil\ renio\-ed to Danielson- ville, Conn., where he attended the pid)lic schools and was graduated from the high school when he was 17 \ears of age. He completed his education at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Coming to Pawtucket in 1.S91 he connected himself with the Jackson Patent Shell Roll Co., of which his uncle I)a\id Jackson was the founder and is the president. Walter was elected treasurer and continues in that cajiacity. The success of this business is due in a large degree to the careful financial management of Mr. Jackson and to his fine executive ability. In politics he is an Inde- pendent with a tendency toward Re]nd)lican principles. His father was born in Lancashire, I£nglan-, b. vSept. lo, 1S77 ; Henry Ir\in,ii, h. Oct. I, 18S7. He resides at Ihe Jenks home- stead, 15 Star street. JENKS, Frank R.. M. I)., the Imirth child i)f William H. and U\Uh A. (Alexander) Jenks, was born in Pawtnckel, Aj)ril 2j^^ i!^''5. and is descended in the seventh generation from Major Nathaniel Jenks, the second son -, i.SSi, he was appninted I'rovost M.irshal on the .staff of the brigade of the Rhode Island Militia, by (Governor Alfred H. Littlefield, with the rank of captain. He is a charter member of Tower Po.st, No. 17, Ct. A. R., and has occu- pied different positions in that organization — from Officer of the Da> to Dejiartment Com- mander. He has been a member of the I'aw- tucket Business Men's Association from its formation. He was a representati\e from Pawtucket to the deueral Assend)l\- in iSc^o and 1 89 1. Mr. Jenks was alwa\s dee])l\- interested in the progress of Pawtucket. Through his efforts the illuminated dial clock was placed on the Miller building in Main street S(piare. modern drinking fountains were ]>lace(l in conwnieut places about the cit\-, and with him originated the idea and plans for celebrating the one hun- dredth anniversary of the successful introduc- tion of cotton spinning in America by Samuel Slater, which occurred in iSgo. He also de- signed an appropriate monument to conunem- orati.' this anni\-ersary. It is to be regretted that this I'.ionunient or seme other was not erected during the celebration. Dec. 12, 1.S71, Mr. Jenks was married to Mary J. Cleveland., adnpted dau.^hter of Dr. Hiram Cle\-eland of I'awtuiket. The\- have three children: Hiram, b. Aui;. 21, i''^74: Charles I'rancis, b. .Aug. 17. 1S7.S: .and Doniihs-. b. May ,V), iS,S2. JENKS, James L., the .-ion of John .\. and Martha (Conner) Jenks, was born in \'alle>- h'alls, in what was then the old town of Smith- field, A[)ril 15, iiS5,s, and is a descendant in the seventh generation from Jos(.])li Jenks, Jr., the first settler of I'awtucket, and in the sixth .gen- eration from Coxernor Jose])h Jenks. His line of descent in succeeding generations from fatlier to Son is : Captain Nathaniel, Joseph, Iv])hraim, Hosea, and John A. His mother was l>orn in the Northof Ireland, near the cit\' of liellast in i''~',>2, and came to this countr\- with her mother about the >ear iN4N : she came of old vScotch Covenanter stock, her mother Janet liaird coming from the low- lands of .Scotland, while her father was a natixe of the Scottish highlands. ]!oth mother and grandmother were ])ersons of more than usual mental x'igor, being wide readers and ])ossessed of unusuall\' retenti\'e memories. James I., attended the jiublic schools of \'alley b'alls and the Lonsdale high school, and was graduated from the I'awtucket high school in the class of 1^79. In i.S.So he entered I5rown University, graduating therefrom in the year 1SS4 with the degree of Bachelor of I'hiloso].hy. After studying law in the office of Nathan \V. Littlefield, Esq., he was admitted to ])ractice in h'ebruary. 1S.S7. He at once o|)ened an office in I'awtucket and soon de\eloped an excellent general jiiactice. In jiolitics Mr. Jenks is a Ke])nblican but not a radical. I'"or se\eral years he ser\-ed as coroner of I'awtucket, and he represented the city in the C.eneral Assembly for two years, 1892 and 1 89,^. He was elected city solicitor in February, i.Si/'i. Mr. Jenks has been for manx' \ears and still is secretarx' of the I'axvtiu-kel ISusiness Hioc; k A I'll I I'S. 357 Men's Association, and is a nu-niher and treas- urer of the Pleasant \'i(.-\v liaplisl clinrch. Ik- is also a member of Chickering I,od<;e, Kmi^lils III I'ylhias. Ill March. iSyi, he was iiiairiei4.i. died April 4, 1S92. and was buried in the Mineral S])rinL; ceiiieler\-. }Ie was ihe son (if I'arddii Jeiiks. who dieil in iS-s, the i^randson of "Uncle" Pardon, who died in 1S61. and was desceiuled in the seventli genera tion Iroiii Jose]ih Jeiiks, Jr., tlie first settler of Pawtucket. through his second son Majcn- Nathaniel Jeiiks. He received his education in the public and private schouls of Pawtucket and then became interested in business with his father, at whose death he inherited one-fifth of the " Xew Mill " estate on Main street, at the west end of the bridge. This estate is a jiart of the original sixt\- acres first bought b\' Josejih Jenks, Jr., in i(i-[. and had l>een in this branch of the family from the death of the first settler. Tlie residence of " Uncle " Pardon Jenks stood on the river bank a slnnl distance lielow the bridge, a little norih nf the present location of the power house, and was in existence within the memory of persons now li\"ing. Pardon Jenks like many of his ancestors spent his life in Pawtucket. He was a (juiet and industrious citi/.eii. During the war of the rel)elIion he went to the front with the iith Rhode Island Regiment. He was a Democrat and represented Pawtucket in tlie U.eneral Assembly for several terms. P.elow the falls has from the earliest times been a famous place for fi.shing, and Mr. Jenks was an enthusiastic devotee of the sport to be found there. He could frequently be seen in the seasons, net or line in hand, fishing from the old " F'ishing Rock." He was married in October, i86iS, to I'.li/.a J. Curran. Four children were born to t'.iem — three daughters and a son. Three died in childhood, and one daughter siir\i\es, Ida ly., tlie wife of Thomas Iv Berry. JENKINSON, John, tlie son of John and Abigail (Oldfield) Jeiikins(m, was born in Dewsbury, Yorkshire, luiglaiid. Dec. 7, 1870. His ])arents came to this country from luigland in 1S72 and settled in PavvluckeL. He attended the Pawtucket ])nblic schools until he was lourteen years old when he went to work for the Pawtucket Steam & ('.as Pi])e Co., wliere lie remaiiied fi\e vears. I'"or one year he had charge of the core-making department of the Rhode Island Locomotive Works, and then was foreman of the Providence Brass Foundry, which ])osili(>n 1r- lield until March 1 1894, when he bought ciiil tlie brass fonndrv depart- ment ol the Pawtucket Steam i\: Oas Pipe Co. Mr. Jenkiiison's foundr_\- is 011 Jenks lane. He makes all kinds of light and lieavv brass castings, does work for ail the large factories, and employs several men. He attends Park Place Congregational church. Dec. 5. 1.^94. he was married to Grace L,. F'uller, and llie\' have one child, Nettie G., b. Oct. 3, 1S95. JILLSON, Oscar A., was born in Attleboro, Mass., July 25, 1S52, and is the second child of Albert C. and Clementine (Miller) Jillson. He attended the public schools of his native town until he was 14 >ears old, then went to the Woonsocket hi.gh school ami completed his education at .Scholfield's Commercial College, ProN'idence. His fir.st occu])ation was as clerk for James Orr of South Attleboro, with whom he remained six years. Then he engaged in the tri]ie and tallow business with F'rank I^. vShaw for one \ear, at the cud of which time he bought .Mr. Shaw out and continued the busi- ness alone lor si.x years. In iS.Si he joined Robert Bellew in the .Star Tanning Co., and has since C(jntinued a partner in that enterprise. The busine.ss was successful from tin.- first and is continually increasing. Mr. Jillson is a Re])iiblican. He is an attendant of the Ba])tist church, a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, a Free Mason and an Odd Fellow. April 30, 1884, he was married to Almeta J. Pearce, by which union there were two children, both of whom died in infancy. JONES, George VV.. son of Raymond Tyson and Charity Freeman ( Xoe) Jones, was born at West New Brighton, N. V.. Jan. 2, 1S53. He obtained his education in public and private ILLrSTR ATlvI) HISTORY OF I'AWTI'CKKT schools until he was sixteen years old. Ik- then entered the employ of the New York I)\e- ing and Printing estahlishinent as a clerk and overseer, and remained until iJSS^ when lie came to Pawtucket to take charge of the finish ing department of the Glenhoii I)\e Works at Saylesville, which position he now occupies. Mr. Jones is a Republican. He is a member of the Royal Society of Good T'ellows. He attends the Congregational church. Dec. lo, 1880, he was married to Harriette Robinson Macllvaine of Brooklxn, X. V., and by this union there were four children : Florence Robinson, b. F^eb. 23, 1S82 ; Kvelyn Lawrence, b. Feb. 17, 1886; F.dward Raymond, b. Dec. i, iSS.**, d. Jan. 5, iSS(): Madeleine Willoughby. b. July 30, 1S90. Mr. Jones's family originated in Scotland and Wales, and the touiuler came to America in 1 61) I . His grandfather, Peter Jones, was b. at Port Richmond, X. Y., Feb. 9, 1747. and d. Nov. 4, 1S32, at West New Brighton. His grandmother, Mary Anne Houseman, was b. in Graniteville, N. Y., June 18, 1753, d. Dec. 3, 1828, at Port Richmond. His father was b. Oct. 4, 1S23, at West New Brighton, and his niotlur .May 30, 1830, at Woodbridge, New Jersey, and lo them came nine children, all born ill the same house, at West New Brighton. Capt. Jacob Jones, commander of the " Wasp, " in the war of 181 2, was one of his ancestors. His wife is the daughter of Edward Robinson and Maria P.. (Lawrence) Macllvaine, and is a de- scendant of Capt. Lawrence, commander of the frigates "Hornet" and " Chesa])eake." The family dates back to William the Conqueror. JIJDSON, John Edwin, the oldest child of John Barnett and Isadora Charlotte (Merwin) Judson, was born in New Haven, Conn., June 22, 1866. He was educated at Hillhouseschnol, Xew Haven, and at Yale University, from which he was graduated in 1885. Having prepared him self for the profession of civil engineer he w as employed for two years as division engineer on the New York, New Haven and Hartford Rail- road. In 1887 he came to Pawtucket and com- menced engineering business. He now conducts the largest engineering and surveying business in Pawtucket and one of the largest in Rhode Island. Mr. Judson is a member of St. Paul's F;piscopal church. He belongs to the Pawtucket Business Men's Association. He is also a mem- ber of the Rhode Island Society- of the .Sons of the .American Revolution. Dec I. i''^y2, he was married to Minnie Holmes at \'alle\" Falls, and they have one child, Helen Hulmes Judson, b. in Pawtucket, Nov. 30, 1893. Mr. Judson's first American ancestor was a native of Yorkshire, F'.nglaiid, and came to this country in 1634. KEENE, William Faitoute, cit\- engineer of Central Falls, son of Samuel S. and lilla (Faitoute) Keene, was born in Newark, N. J., Sept. 15, 1870. The Keene famih- have resided in this country for several generations. His father was a broker on the New York Stock Exchange. William F. received his schooling in private schools at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and Washington, Conn. He then took a four years' course in the Ma.ssachusetts Institute of Tech- nology, from which he was graduated in 1891, when he laecame first assistant engineer of the Inter.state Street railway, between Pawtucket and North Attleboro, and remained in this posi- until after the completion of the road. He then, in 1893, was engaged as assistant engineer of the town of Lincoln, and in Jan., 1894, was chosen town engineer. When Central Falls was incor- ]5orated he was elected city engineer, which position he still retains. He designed and built the sewer system and has carried out man\- other improvements. As a ci\'il engineer he is capable and trustworthy. He is an associate member of the .\merican .Society of Ci\il luigineers, belongs to the Boston .Society of Civil Engineers, the Knights of the .\ncient Ivssenic Order, is a Free Mason, and in religion is an Episcopalian. F'eb., 1896, he was married to Lizzie F'lorence, the only daughter of the Hon. l'. F. OIne\' of Providence. KENDALL, Robert A., the son of 11 .\u gustns and Rebecca F" ranees (Abell) Kendall, was born Oct. 7, 1849, in Pawtucket, Mass. He traces his descent lo l-'rancis Kendall who was born in lingland, but came to this couiitr\ abmil 1640, locating in Charlestown village, now Woburn, Mass. His grandfather, Xoah Ken- J DAVID JACKbClN, WALTER H. JACKSOM, ASURER THE JACKSON PATENT SMELL ROLL CO. WILLIAM F. HERRMANN MERCHANT TAILOR. JOHN JENKINSON, CHARLES H. JENKS, VERSEER FINISHING DEPARTMENT R. BLISS MFQ. CO FRANK R. JENKS, M.D. City PMysiciAN. 36o I 1,1, r ST RATI'. 1> IIlSTokV ( ) !• I'AW '1' f C K I' T dall, was born April ii, 1775. :il Tcmiik-lon, Mass. His father was also l)()rn in T(.Miii)k'toii, April 10, 1S20, was for iiiaii\ \cais tlic landlord of the Mechanics hotel, I'awUukul, Mass., and died March 10, 1S51), in I'awluckcl, Mass. Robert attended the ])u!ilic schools of his native city and also Schollield's Conunercial College, Pro\-idence, Ironi which he was gradnated as a bookkeeper. He has been engaged in various business enterpri.ses and occupations, has been a bookkeeper, a clerk in a clothing store, and now conducts a restaurant and a cigar and tobacco store at 2Ji Main street, l^awtucket. He is a member ol Charles IC. Chickering Lodge, No, 20, K. ol 1'., and Union Division No. 4, rnilorni Rank, R. of 1'. He was mar- ried to lunnia h'rances .Stevens of Providence. KENT, George Warren, was born in Lons- dale, R. I., Oct. 5, 1.S44, and was the first child of Louis and l.ydia ( French ) Kent. He attended the public .schools of Pawtucket and Providence until he was 17 years old, when he enlisted under the call for nine months' service in the I ith Rliode Island Volunteers. ITpon his return from the front he completed his education at the Bryant & Stratton Business College, Provi- dence. His first occupation was in connection with western railroads. In 1865 he, in partner- ship with his uncle, Horace Kent, opened a wholesale and retail grain and flour .store in Central Falls, but soon after he disposed of his interest and went to Europe. He returned to Pawtucket in 1S67, and opened an office for the transaction of a connnission business in western flour and grain. His business steadily increased, and in 1875 he built a warehouse, rear of Odd Fellows building, Main .street. In 1894 the business was incorporated under the name of the Narragansett Milling Co., with an elevator and mills on Valley .street, l^ast Providence — the business having grown to such proportions as to warrant the removal of the headquarters to East Providence. Owing to a continued increase of business the Pawtucket establishment is to be removed to Waverly place, where the company will have its own track for shipping purpose. Mr. Kent was elected treasurer and general manager of the company, which position he now GEORGE W. KENr, holds. The company's eciuijinient, both in ma- chinery and facilities for handling grain, is superior to an\- in Rhode Island. Its output of mill products is equal to if not larger than an\- other milling company in New England, and its success is largely due to the intelligence and executive abititj- of Mr. Kent. In politics Mr. Kent is a Republican. He attends the Congregational church. In 1X70 he was married to Lydia E. Fairbanks of Central Falls, by which union there were five children : Warren C, b. July ii, 1S71 ; .\rcher L., b. Oct. i;,, :.S7;,; Revere W"., b. Oct. .^^ 1 , iS7(>: Ruth J., b. Feb. 10, iS,So; and Helen Iv, b. .April 2S, iS,S4. Warren C, d. Ma\' 27, 1S72. The first rect)rd of the Kent family occurs in the account of the settlement of Ijiswich, Mass., in 1635. Although a complete genealo- gical record of the male line of descent has not been secured, there is reason to beliexe that George W. is of the ninth generation in America. .Si.\ generations of the branch that settled in Rehoboth, Mass., ran be traced, the first being John I!., who d. Nov. 1, 1780; Elijah, his son, b. in 1727, d. in 1S15; Remem- ber, b. 1754, d. 1822; Seba, the grandfather of George W., b. Nov. 12, 1784, was a part owner PARDON JENKS. NDSON OF UNCLE" PARDON JENKS. J. EDWIN JUDSON. CIVIL ENGINEER. WILLIAM F. KEENE, ROBERT A. KEMl'ALL CHARLES F. KINNEY, OF THE TROV STEAM LAUNDRY. OF HENRY KRAHL X CO., OPERA MOUSE CAFE. 362 I I.l.ISTR A'ri'.D HISTORY () !• TAWT 1" C K !• T. in OIK- ol IIk- Ihsl t-citton mills in Xl-w l'',n,i;hinil, at Kent's Mills, now in tin.- limits ol I'aw tuckft. Seba married Xalil)\ U\v ol Ri-liobotli, who died in .Sept., iSSo. IK- lixrd to hi- 70 years ol a.i;e, and died in I'awtneki-t . R. I.. .Ma\ jo, iSfio. I.onis Kent, the lather ol (ieorge W'., was an extensive railroad contractor, building sections of some of the most important roads in the We.st. He was born in Rehoboth, Mass., Dec. 7, 1S16, and married Lydia French. Mr, Kent's house, at 466 Benefit street, is built on ground which has lieen in the famil\- for five generations. KENYON, John J., was born in Lancashire, England, Nov. 25, iST,h. and was the secresident, and John F. is secretary. KINNEY, Charles F., was born at Matta- poisett, Mass., Jul\- 8, 1862, and went to school there uiUil he was 15 \ears old, when he started to work in a l)ox mill at Mattapcjisett, and then worked in a coffin trimming .shop in Attleboro. He then went back to his nati\-e town and engaged in the grocery business lor four years, but in 1888 came to Pawtucket and went to work in the Troy Steam Laundry. In 1890 he l)ought out Mr. .Smith, the senior part- ner of the firm of L. C. Smith .S: Co., and the business was continued under the name of Merithew iS: Kinney. Two years later Mr. Kinney bought out his partner's interest and continued the laundry alone until Xo\ . 1895, when he took in James H. Wilber and William M. Holliday as partners. The business has been uniformly prosperous and has increased from $150 to $400 a week. Mr. Kinney was married to Emma Kay in October, 1893, and they have one child, Charles .Stanley, b. in May, 1895. Mr. Kinney's father was a sea ca])tain and sailed from Mattapoi.sett. KINSMAN, Addison, was born in Heath, Mass., in 181 i, and died at Lonsdale, Ma\' 5, 1893. He was desi-ended from an old Xew England (amilw the fonncK-r ol which settled in the Old Colony s , John, James, James, and Timotlu- W. vShe was born in Cumberland, R. I., in 1S14, on her father's farm, which was near the coal mine, and was the youngest of the family. The niher children were James M., lienjamin ('.., and Eseck W. KINYON, nyron T., fourth child of Gardner J. and Grace (Collins) Kinyon, was born in Sm\rna, Chenango county. New York, Dec. 3, 1.S30. His father, Gardner J. Kinyon, was a native of Rhode Island, where' his ancestors set- tled early in its histors , Iml wlun a small bo\- at the death of his father he went to live with Rev. Mr. Knight, a Congregational mini.ster, in Chenango county, New York. He married the eldest daughter of Josejjh Collins, a woolen manufacturer who had settled at Sui\rna, hav- ing moved from ConncL'tiL-ut . M\Min '1'. s]ient his early boyhood u])on his lather's iarm. atteiuling school from three to lour months in tile winter of each \ ear. .\t tlie age of 17 he went to Xoiwich, X. \'.. and attended two terms at the academ\- ol that ])Iace ; altei' that he s])ent about three \ears in tlu' Delaware Lilerarv Institute at h'ranklin, X. Y. His e\esighl troubling him, he left school foi- a few- months' lra\el, but the (K-ath of his father made it necessary for him to turn his attention to business. Lea\'ing his nati\'e town he went to Williamsport, I'a., and engaged as a book- keeper in a lumber firm : after that as ])artner in another large hnnber establishment in an adjoining count> . In 1S63 he was married to Miss Mary A. .\(lanis, daughter of the I:;te Muoch and Phebe Adams of Fawtucket. Thev have two children, Nettie D. Kinyon and William Harrv Kinyon, both living in Pawtucket. In 1S66 Mr. Kin\-on sold out his interests in Pennsyh-ania and mo\-ed to the slate of Kansas, locating at Albany, Ner- neha countv, where he engaged in real estate and mercantile business. Familx' interests, how- e\er, made it expedient, after a .stay of about MYRON T. KINYON, PROPR'ETOR KrNYON BLOCK. lUOG R A I'll I I'S. 365 five years, (or him to return east, and he a.s;ain located at WMllianisport, Pa. In iS-i;, at the death of Mrs. Knoch Adams and the lailure of Mr. Adams's health, Mr. Kinyon mo\ed his family to Pawtucket and took charge of the AdaiiLS estate and the care of Mr. Adams. In 1889, after the death of Mr. Adams, Mr. Kinxon erected the large three-storj^ brick building which stands at the junction of Broad and North Union streets in Pawtucket, known as the Kinyon block. He is a charter member of the Park Place church and for ten years or more was a.ssistant superintendent of its Bible school ; is a member of the Pawtucket Young Men's Christian Association, and of the Congrega- tional Club of Providence, but not otherwise connected with social or fraternal organizations. KRAHL, Henry, the fifth child of Max and Johanna (Schwart) Krahl, was born March 24, 1864, in Spremberg, GernianN . He attended school until his 14th year, when he went to Berlin and worked in a liotel. In iSS:; he landetl in America, coming direct to Pawtucket, where he immediately found employment in the Benedict House, and where he remained until 1S94. when he joined with Hans Lang in pur- chasing the catering business from Frans Uonath, and the}- opened and have since operated the Opera House Cafe, 14 Broad street. Mr. Krahl is a member of Theodore Koerner Lodge, D. O. H. His father has been postman at vSpremberg for 50 years. LADD, Loren Gilbert, connnissioner of public works, Pawtucket, was born in Canaan, Vt., where he attended the district school, and then went to the academy in Barnston, P. Q., Canada. For four years he managed a farm, when he went to California and thence to Nev- ada, where he engaged in the milk business. In 1866 he came to Pawtucket as superintendent of the coal and lumber yards of Smith C-rant 6v: Co., where he remained until 1889. The slow and irksome methods of unloading coal from the barges then in use he overcame and simplified by inventing a steam coal shovel, known as the Newell-Ladd coal shovel. Believing that this shovel was susceptible of im])ro\-ement he de- voted his time to perfecting what is known as the Ladd coal sho\-el, which is now in gen- eral use. In iSyo he was elected highway commissioner and his management was so satis- factory that he was elected for the three suc- ceeding years. In 1894 when the Board f)f Public Works was created he was elected com- missioner for three years. In politics he is a Reiniblican. He is a mendjer of the Pawtucket Business Men's Asso- ciation and attends the F'ir.st Baptist church. Dec. 18, 1861, he was married to \'ictoria M. Baldwin of Barnston, P. [)■• '>>' which union there is one child, Albert Loren, b. Dec. 17, 1863. Mr. Ladd's father was b. in Plainfield, N. H., in 1800, and was engaged in farming and the practice of medicine. His mother was Eleanor vStarkweather, and was b. in A'ernon, Vt., in 1 80S. LANE, Dr. Edward n., ])hysician and sur- geon at 84 High street, Pawtucket, the .son of Henry and lunma S. (Webster) Lane, was born Jan. 7, 1867, in Dexter, Michigan. His father who was Ijorn at Stony, Strafiordshire, England, in 1S44. came to this country with his parents in 1.S46. Until his i8th year Edward attended school at St. Thomas, Toronto, Can- ada, when he entered Bellevue Hospital Medical College, and attended Broome Street Maternity Hospital, New York, until his 23d 3'ear, when he established himself in practice in Pawtucket. His ofTice is at 33 North I'nion street. In politics he is a Republican, and is a member of the Free Baptist church. He is a member of Good Samaritan Lodge, I. O. O. F., Eureka Lodge, No. 5, K. of P., is an as.sociate member of Tower Post, No. 17, G. A. R., and surgeon general of the Uniform Rank of the Sons of St. George of the United States, with the rank of brigadier general. He was married to Anna F. Olney of North Providence, Aug. iS, 1S92. LANG, Hans, the first child of Johann and Magdalane Lang, was born in P>a\aria. Germany. Aug. 23, 1869. He attended school in his native countr\- until he was 14 \earsold. when he learned to be a cook. In 1885 he came to America and settled at Pawtucket. Since 1894 he has been a partner in the firm of lleiu-y 366 1LLUSTRATI';D history of PAWTUCKIvT. Kralil vS: Co.. in'opricturs of llu' ()[)LTa IIou.se Cafe, 14 Hroml street. He is a nieiiiber of Theodore Koeiiier Lo(li;e, D.O. II. His father is still livini; in (^.enuaiiw but his iiiotlier is dead. LEACH, Charles Alanson, son of Oeorge W. and Ahhie A. (Fisher) Leach, was born in Providence, R. I., Ma>- 15. 1S57. He s])ent his boyhood on a farm and attended the district school at Scitiiale, R. I., antl look a two \ ears' cour.se at the North Scituate Lai)hani Institute. When 16 years old he went to work on a farm during the summer months, worked for the Bridge Mill Cotton Co., at Saundersville, during the winters, and learned the business. He then went to Minnesota, engaged in fanning and remained two \ears. Returning to the east he again worked at the Bridge mill and later at the Berkeley mills. Imoiu there he went to the Wanisutla mills. New Bedford, and for four years was an overseer of frame spiiniing. Three years later he went as overseer to the Victor Manufacturing Co., at Saratoga, N. V. In 1893 he came to Pawtucket and engaged with the United States Cotton Co. as overseer of the Hope Thread Mills, which position he now holds. In politics he is a Republican. He belongs to the I. O. O. F. of New Bedford. He was married Dec. 17, uS86, to Hattie Stuart of Machias, Me. LEE, Charles Arnold, was l)orn in the village of Pawtucket, town of North Proxidence, R. I., Dec. 14, 1845. On the jxUernal side he is descended from Richard Lee, who settled in the southerly part of Rehoboth some time between 1690 and 1700. Joseph, a son of Richard, was one of the earliest .settlers of the northwesterly portion of Rehoboth, now Cum- berland, R. I. His son Joseph was a i>hysician and surgeon, and served under (ren. Washing- ton in the revolutionar\- war. Dr. Joseph Lee's son, Alfred B. Lee, a well-known school teacher, was the father of Nehemiah W. Lee, the father of Charles A. Nehemiah Lee established the business of coppersmith and brass-founder in Pawtucket in 1843, and .so continued for a period of thirty years. On his mother's side Mr. Lee is descended from the Taft family of Mendon, Mass., and the Thayer famil\- of I'.x- bridge, his mother being the daughter of Arnold and Nancy (Thayer) Taft of Ea.st Douglas, Mass. His earlie.st education was acquired at the " Jones School," kept l)y two maiden sisters in the Capt. Eleazer Jenks house that stood on the present site of Cole's block on Main street. Here he attended from the age of four until he was eleven, when he entered the Church Hill grammar school under the late John H. Willard. He remained there until June, iSs9, when his parents removed to Cumberland. From Aug. 20, i860, to Nov. 13, 1863, he attended the Lonsdale high school, then under the efficient charge of Joseph M. Ross, now an attorney at Springfield, Mass. In the fall of 1863 his ])arents returned to Pawtucket, and on Nov. 30th of that \ ear he entered the office of the Gazette and Chronicle as a nominal apprentice. During his school days at Lonsdale he had become the jwssessor of several small fonts of type and a rude ama- teur press, with which he jirinted a monthh' paper called " The Register," and a \ariet\- of jobs. Unassi.sted he learned to set t\pe, and when he entered the Gazette and Chronicle office he had a fairlj' good idea of composition. He remained in the office until July, 1S65. In September of the same year he went to work for I;. L. F^reeman at Central Falls, where he .soon actpiired an enviable reputation as a pressman. He remained in Mr. FVeeman's office until Feb. 5, 1870, when he returned to the Gazette and Chronicle office. A])ril i, 1 875, he purchased a quarter interest in the concern from Mr. Nicker- son, and three years later bought Mr. Nicker- .son's entire interest. From that date he was associated with John S. Sibley in the printing and publishing business. On Mr. vSiblev's death, which occurred Se])t. 13, 18.S3, he car- ried on the business alone until Jan. i, 1894, when Lester W. Upham was taken into partner- ship. Mr. Lee has been the editor of the paper since April i, iS-S. F'rom 187010 1875 he was the Pawtucket antl Central Falls correspondent of the Providence Press and Star. He is a charter member of Eureka Lodge, No. 5, Knights of Pythias, which he joined in March, 187 1, and was its second Chancellor Biuc-u A I'll I i-;s. 367 Commaiulfr. He was Crrind Chancellor in 1S75 and iSjfi, and since- I'Sjy has been a Representative to the Supreme IvOdu;e, his term of continoiis service making him the oldest mem- ber of that bodv. He is also a member of the Uniform Rank and the Endowment Rank of the Knights of Pythias. He is a member of the American Legion of Honor, New England Order of Protection and the American Benefit Society. He belongs to the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, the Patria Club, the Pawtucket \'eterau Firemen's Association, the Universalist Club of Boston, the Rhode Island Universali.st Club, the Rehoboth, Seekonk, Pawtucket and I{ast Providence Detecting Society, and is an associate member of Tower Po.st, No. 17, Cr. A. R. In 1880 and 1881 he was elected on the Republican ticket as a representative to the General As.sembly. He has been secretary and treasurer of the Rhode Island Pre.ss As,sociation since it organization in 1S79. In 1875 he was elected an honorary member of the New Hamp- shire Press Association. In 1884 he was elected a member of the vSuburban Press Association of New England. The following year he was elected its president, ami served in that capacity until April, 1888. At Detroit, Mich., in August, 1S89, he was elected president of the National Editorial Association, and presided at its conven- tion in 1S90, which was held in the State House in Boston. In A]iril, 1885, he started the Even- ing Chronicle, the first daily newspaper printed and published in Pawtucket. .\s a writer and speaker he is not unfa\'orably known. In politics he is a Republican. Jan. 13, 1S69, he was married to Miss Phebe S. Wright of Smith- field, (now Lincoln) R.I. They have no chil- dren living. LEE, Stephen, the oldest dentist in Paw- tucket, was born in Burrillville, R. I., April 28, 1S22. His parents were George W. and Phebe (Walden) Lee, and his father was a farmer and .school teacher in Burrillville. Stephen attended the district schools until he was 16 years old, when he began to work on his grand- father's farm. He then learned the trade of a machinist, and worke!<: F. C. Sa>les, building HENRY LEONARD, VALLEY FALLS. the new bleacheries. Afterwards he opened a store on his own premises on Titus .street, Valle}- Falls. Mr. Leonard prospered and now owns nine buildings in Valley Falls and has occupied his present house over 29 jears. In politics he is a Republican. He was married to Jane McVey, in Ireland, in 1853, and to them have been born seven children all of whom died. Mrs. Leonard died in July, 1896. LESLIE, Alexander, was born in County Down, Ireland, July 3, 1852. He attended the national schools until his 14th year when he went to work in the Greenvale Bleach Works, where he remained seven years and learned the business. He then became superintendent of the bleachery at Lame, County Antrim. In Sept., 1873, he came to America and located at Saylesville, and in 1880 was appointed superin- tendent of the fancy goods department at the new Sayles bleaching and dyeing works, which position he now occupies. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the town com- mittee and of the board of assessors. He belongs to the Free Masons, the Odd F'ellows, the A. O. U. W. ; is president of the Sayles- ville Fire Association and president of the b'ree Library Association. In i88i he was married to Margaret Robinson, and they have one child, Annie lulith Owen, b. Jan. 23, 1S92. LEWIS, Enoch, son of Enoch and Ruth Brownell (Si.sson) Lewis, was born Jan. 25, 1839, at Middletown, R. I. He attended the public schools in Providence until his 16th > ear, when he went into the Wardwell & Barstow stove foundry and learned the moulder's trade, at which he worked as a journeyman in Provi- dence, in Norton, Mass., and with the Rhode Island Stove works in Pawtucket. He became a member of the police force when Hiram How- ard was chief, while Pawtucket was in the town of North Providence, and later was elected by the council as sergeant and as acting chief from 6 P.M. to 6 A.M., which position he held for six years. In 1881 he formed a partnership with Frank Gurry under the name of Lewis & Gurry in the general tobacco, cigar and restaur- ant business, on Main street, near Pawtucket avenue. The business prospered. The firm had to find larger quarters and leased the entire building, corner Main and High streets, which formerly was Samuel Slater's residence. These premises were completely remodelled into two attractive stores. There the trade increased rapidly and at present they are the leading tobacconists and cigar dealers in Pawtucket and are state agents for the F. F. Follett & Son Co., cigars, agents for the Jacob Stahl cigars, anil .^70 ILLUSTRATI' I) IIISTORN' (> l- P AWT 1' C K I". T. carr\- a line ol liigli grade i;(iods unsurpassed in New Kngland. Mr. Lewis is a charier member of Kureka Lodge, K. of 1>. In politics he is a Republican. His father, grandfather, and great-grandfather all bore the name ICnoch, and the family resided in Wakelield, k. 1.. for gen- erations. LISABELLE, Thomas, manager of the .Star Collecting Agency, 51 Dexter street, Pawtucket, son of Thomas and Pliiloniene Lisabelle, was born July 7, [.S5S. at St. Michel, Archange, P. Q., Canada. His parents moved to Laprairie, P. Q., where he attended .school. His first em- ployment was with Andrew lisiiihart, who kept a general store. In 187,^ he went to Montreal and was euipli)\ed by William Reed, custom house broker. .Six years later he was admitted into partnership, the firm name being William Reed iS: Co. In 1882 he formed a copartnership with Julien Brosseau under the name of Bros- seau iS: Lisabelle, custom house brokers. This firm was dis.solved in 1885. The succeeding two \ears he S]>ent in travel, \isiting Central and .South .Vnierica. In 1SS7 he was again located in Montreal and in i.sss he went to New York Cit\' and was employed by T. S. Todd <.\: Co., custom house brokers and forward- ing agents. In 1890 he joined with one Laduke, and operated a real estate ofSce at Holyoke, .Mass., under the firm name of Laduke & Lisa- belle. In iSy,^ he came to Pawtucket and opened the collecting agency of which he is now the resident manager. LITTLE, John W., was born in iS(<2 at Whilinsville, Mass., and went to school there and at Pawtucket until he was 14 years old. He then began to learn the trade of a printer with E. L. Freeman iS: Co.. where he served a three years' a])])renticship, and then worked five years as a journe^inan. At the end of that jieriod he started a printing ofTice in the .\. M. Read building. Main .street, Pawtucket. He has steadilx' built up a good Inisiness. In i8i;(i, on account of the increase in llie work, he was obliged to move into much larger (piarters in the Record building, 330 Main street, wheie his office is at ]iresent located. The eslahlihlinicnl now contains one of the best jiriuting ])lanls in the comnuinit\- and with its modern presses, and a large assortment of tlic latest type faces can turn out any descri|)li(in of printing from a large book to a small card. The businc-ss is carried on nnckr tin- nanii.- of John W. Little & Co., and the motto of the firm is "We print for all." Mr. Little is wideawake and energetic and (k'xotes his entire time to the business. .\ spct'ialt\- is made of high-class commercial and artistic work. h'lir tlu' past se\en \ears the firm has done all the ])rinting tor the cit\ of Pawtucket. Mr. Liltle is a ke|)nlilican, has sers'ed on the cit\- commitlee, and has been an earnest jiartx worker. He is a 32d degree Mason, is Past Master of Union Lodge, No. 10. A. F. and .\. M., Past High Priest Pawtucket Royal .Arch CIiai)ler, and belongs to Holy ,Se])ulclire Conunandery, Knights Templars, the Nobles of the Mxstic Shrine and to Lnterprise Lodge, I. O. O. F. He is a member of Park Place Congregational church. He was married in 1S85 to Lillias M. Knox of Pawtucket, and the\- have four children; .Stewart, .\gnes K., Lester, K., John W., Jr., all born in Pawtucket. LINNELL, Benjamin Franklin Qreene, the agent of the C.reeiie &: Daniels Manufacturing Co., was born in Hyaniiisport, Mass., April i, 1849, and was the fourth child of William handily and Caroline Gage (Lo\-ell) Linnell. His ances- tors lia\e lix'ed on Cai)e Cod for man\- genera- tions and the family have all the sturdy and energetic characteristics of the peojile of that locality. He attended the Hyanni.sport public schools, graduated from the high .school at Hyannis, and completed his education at the Brxant & .Stratton Business College in Boston in 1S68. Until 1S76 he worked in Boston as a bookkeeper, first for V. W. Todd i\: Co., and then for J. 1). Lewis. He then came to Paw- tucket and was employed as a bookkeeper for ten \ ears b\- the Greene i*t Daniels Manufactur- ing C". In iSSri he was elected secretarv of the corporation and still holds that position. Ma\- 1, 1895, he was elected agent of the cor- poration. In P.oston Mr. Linni-11 made a study of the science ol accounts while in the eniplox' ol Mr. Ti2 I I,H'STRAT]';i) HISTORY OF I'AWT T C K IvT. the (k-atli of (".fiicml Horace Danic-ls, Mr. Greene, kiiowiiii; ol Mr. Linnell's proficiency as a Iwokkeeper and luuini^ i;reat confidence in his inlet!;rit\- and abililv , invited him to accept tliat jiosilion in his eniplo\', the ihities ol which he assumed Dec. 27, 1876. Until tlie death ol the kite Heiijainin F. (jreeiie, Mr. Linnell was his c(Mifidential associate in business. He was ajipointed h\- him one oftlie executors ol his will. Mr. Liiinell is a Rc])u1ilican. He attends the Methodi.st church. Nov. i;,. 1X79, he was manie lor, and they ha\'c two children: Fannie Ma>-, b. Now 5, 1.SS2; and Lillian ]Cml)l\-, !>. March 16, 1SS4. LITTLEFIELD, Alfred Henry, governor of Rhode Island from i.sso to i''^- which union there were eleven children. In 1S31 iVIfred's parents removed to Natick, and there he attended the village school until the spring of iM,'?7, after which he was emjiloyed in the Sprague mills until the fall of \X-\-\. when he again attended school for six nu)nths, and in May 1745 began his business life as a clerk in a dry goods .store at Central l-'alls. .\t the age of 22 he united in partnershiji with his brother George, under the firm name of Littlefield Brothers, dealers in dry goods, at Pawtncket. In 1S52 he and his l)rother, with Da\-i(l Ryder, under the firm name of David R>(lcr iS: Co., began the manufacture of cotton thread and \aru. Upon the retirement of David R>der in iS57the firm name was changed to Littlefield Brothers, and on JuK' i, iSSas Co., the Royal Weaving Co., the Cumberland Mills Co., the Pawtucket Street Railwa>' Co., of which he was vice-president ; was trustee of the I'roxideiice Crmntv .Savinijs Bank: B I () O R A 1' U 1 1-: s 373 ami was interested in various other enleri)rises and corporations. He was a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, of the Patria Chih, Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence Conunercial Club, and other social organizations. Feb. 9, iSj,^, he was married to Rebecca Jane Northup of Central P'alls and from this union four children were born, two of whom died in child- hood, and Eben N. and Alfred H., Jr., are livin;.; and succeeded to their father's business. In his private and public career he earned the esteem of all with whom he came in contact and on his death he was mourned as an exemplary citizen and loyal friend. The following testimony of a personal friend who was a life-long business associate, presents the character and career of Governor Littlefield, in a succinct, modest and graphic manner: " A childhood of toil, and a j-oung manhood of intense industry and enforced econom>-, inevitably gave color to the incidents of his after life. When his circumstances permitted exeni])- tion from intense toil, his recreation was in .study rather than in play. His self-acquired education was extremely practical, but it was such as admirably equipped him for the nian\' positions of responsibility and trust to which he was called. His political record is free from every ground of suspicion that he ever compromi.sed with consci- ence for the sake of personal success. Among the man}' honored men who have graced the guber- natorial chair of Rhode Island, none outrank Alfred H. Littlefield in a record of un.selfish devotion to the absolute duty of the office, even when its performance might not elicit popular applause. Rhode Island's best citizens of all parties, and from all parts of the State, will bear witness to the official indu.stry, the high honor, and intelligent action of Governor Littlefield." LITTLEFIELD, Daniel Greene, was born in North Kingstown, R. I., Nov. 23, 1S22, and was the third .son of John and Deborah (Himes) Littlefield, who had a family of eleven children. The first ancestor of the family in America was Edmund Littlefield, an Englishman, who came to Boston in 1637, and two of whom descendants, Caleb anear he entered Dartmouth College, from which he was graduated in i86g, the centennial \ear of the college, with the highest honors, and was valedictorian of his class. He was one of the foremost athletes of the college during his course and an active mend)er of (ireek letter and open college societies, receiving the highest l5I()(iR APHIES. 375 appointiiif Ills at tht ])ul)lic literary exhibitions of his class. After graduating he entered upon educational work for several years and was prin- cipal of the high school of Newport, R. I., and principal of the high school and superintendent of the schools of the village of Westerly, R.I. His success as a teacher was marked, but he had from early da\s inclined to legal .studies, and in 1874 resigned his position in Westerly to enter upon the work of preparation for his chosen profession ; and in October, 1874, he entered the law .school of Boston I -nix-ersitx-, from which he was graduated in 1S76. Soon after he was admitted to the Boston bar, but entered upon the practice of the law at Providence in January, 1877. His practice has been exclu- sively upon the civil side of the court, and largely in equity and probate cases and in the law of real estate, in which, from the beginning of his professional career, he has been engaged in some of the mo.st important litigation which has come before the Rhode Island courts, both as regards the legal principles involved and the pecuniar}' interests at stake. A recent case, involving the titles to several large tracts of land taken by the city of Providence for park pur- poses, was one of the most intricate and difficult which e\-er came before the Supreme Court of Rhode Island, and resulted in the complete establishment of the titles of his client and an award of nearly a quarter of a million of dollars as damages. In 1893 he was appointed a Stand- ing Master in Chancery. He is a member of several fraternal organizations, and of the Patria Club of Pawtucket, in which city he resides. In politics he is a Democrat of the Jeffersonian school, and has been the candidate of his party for representative and senator from Pawtucket. He has always taken an active interest in the religious welfare of the places in which he has resided. LOCKWOOD, Lawrence A., son of Abraham and Sarah (Carr) Lockwood, was born at War- wick, R. I., in 1856, where he attended the public schools, and subsequently took a three years' course at the Mount Pleasant Academw At the age of 16 he entered the office of the Wanskuck Co.'s store as bookkeeper, where he remained fi\e \ears, occupying a responsible and confidential position, whicli he resigned to engage in the retail grocery, hay and grain business in Providence with W. B. and I'". B. Hazard under the firm name of Hazard, Lock- wood & Co. In i nd iS: Murphj-, a store devoted to dealing in boots and shoes, hats and caps, and gentlemen's furnishings. The business jirospered, and enlarged quarters were secured April 30, 1885, in the LeFavour block, Main .street, and this .store was still further enlarged by the securing of more room, April 12,1 888. WHien High street was widened the firm moved into the Sheldon building, 3 Broad street, July 9, 1 89 1, and this store was greatly enlarged Jan. i, 1896. Lynd & Murphy have always carried on a first-class business, and the firm is now a well- e.stablished and recognized Pawtucket house. Mr. Lynd is a Catholic and is a member of the Church of the Sacred Heart. He belongs to Branch No. 265, Catholic Knights of .Vnierica, Delaney Council, Knights of Columbus, and the Bioc; R A I'll 1 1: s. :^77 VotiiiLC Men's Catholic Association. He is also a member of Court City of Pawtucket, Ancient Order of Foresters. He was married Oct. 21, 1884, to Margaret Callaghan, and tlR'>- have five children: Nora, b. Aug. 2, 1SS5; Henr\-, b. Feb. 19, iS,S8; Mary, 1). Dec. 9, 1SS9: Joseph C, 1). Oct. 15, 1892: and Oenevieve, I). Oct. 29, 1894. riacCOLL, James Roberton, the Innrth child of Hugh and Janet (Roberton) MacColl, was born April 2, 1856, in Glasgow, vScotland. He received his early education in Anderson's Academj- and graduated from the high school, Glasgow. He subsequently took a .sjjccial course at the (Glasgow Technical College, and in 1 87 1 entered the house of Henrj- Fyfe «!v: Sou, Glasgow, manufacturers of dress goods. In 1878, in partnership with John Thonisfm, he purchased this business and the>- continued it under the firm name of Thomson & MacColl. In 1882 he came to Pawtucket as manager of the Lorraine mills, which position he has occu- pied until the present. He is also agent of the Crefeld mills of We.sterly, R. I., and is inter- ested in various other industrial enterprises. April 15, 1884, he was married to Agnes Bogle, of Glasgow, from which union there were five children: Hugh Frederick, b. Feb. 22, 1885; William Bogle, b. Oct. 26, 1886; Margaret, b. June 24, 1888, d. Dec. 26, 1893; James Rober- ton, Jr., b. Oct. 5, 1891 ; and Norman Alex- ander, b. July 28, 1895. Mr. MacCoU's father was b. in Glasgow, Scotland, May 8, 1813, and d. Dec. 12, 1882, in the same citj', where he had carried on business as a clothier. Mr. MacColl's mother was also b. in Glasgow, Sept. 2, 1826, and was the daughter of James Roberton, iron founder, of that city; she d. Dec. 27, 1S71, in her native cit\-. MACKILLOP, Robert Kelso, third child of James and Catherine (Kelso,) Mackillop, was born at Inverness, P. Q., Canada, Nov. 25, 1847. He attended the public schools winters until he was 18 years old, and worked on his father's farm until 1867, when he came to the United States, where he found employment at the Manchester Locomotive works, Manchester, N. H. In i,S7i he came to Pro\is o\-er 750 persons. Late in 1896 he resigned this position to become a partner in the firm of J. H. Martin ..S: Co., cotton goods brokers, 99 P'ranklin slrct't. New X'ork. In politics Mr. Mann is a Repul)lican. He has been re]>eate(ll\- urged to accejit public office, but has declined to do so owing to the HI OCR A I'll IKS. pressure of private business. Mr. Mann is a member of the Pawtucket Congregational cluucli. He belongs to the New England Cotton Manii- facturers Association, the Boston Texlik- Chib, the Arkwright Club of New York, tlu- Paw- tucket Business Men's A.ssociation, the Rhode Island Yacht Club, the To Kalon Club of Paw- tucket, and the Providence Athletic Association. He is an enthusiastic athlete and at one time was the champion bicycle rider of Rhode Island. He is interested in amateur photography. Sept. i8, 1888, he was married to Carrie L. Wilkins of Randolph, Mass., by which union there were three children, one of whom is now living : Earnest W., b. March 2, 1892 ; Mildred, b. Nov. 15, 1890, d. June 26, 1896. Mr. Mann is descended from an oUl New England family who trace their ancestors back for many generations. His grandfather was born in Randolph, Mass., in 1806, and died there at the ripe old age of 81 years in 1887. His grandmother was Emeline R. Mitchell of Easton, Mass., and she died in 1890 at the age of 76. His father is a prominent physician in Central Falls. MARRAN, William, oldest son of John and Elizabeth (Cottrell) Marran, was born in Oxford County, Ontario, Canada, Jan. 11, 1848. He- attended the district school in the winter and worked on his father's farm in summer. At the age of 17 he went to Pennsylvania, where he was employed for two years in a coal mine. For one winter he worked in the Michigan lum- ber woods. He came to Rhode Island in March, 1868, and located at East Providence. There he worked on a farm for a 3'ear, when he became a conductor on the Pawtucket and Providence horse cars, and followed this occupation for two years. F"or one year he was employed by H. (>. Aklrich in the e.xpress business, and after that worked in P. McNeal's fish market eight years and for T. vS. Cannon four years. June 1885, he opened a fi.sh and fruit market of his own at 13 Broadway. The business steadily increased, and in May, 1895, he removed to his present quarters, 22 Broadway, where he con- ducts a flourishing business, and his market is the largest of its kind in Pawtucket. He is a member of St. Joseph's church. April, i- election in Central F'alls, and was reelected for 1896. He is a member of Holy Trinity church. Central F'alls. Oct. 19, 1880, he was married to Catherine Frances Sherlock of Central Falls, and then began his residence in that place. They have six children : Mary Henrietta, b. Sept. 14, 1881 ; Catherine Frances, b. Dec. 23, 1883, d. Jan. I, 1885; Margaret Theresa, b. Mays, 1886; George, b. Nov. 18, 1888; William John, b. Feb. 14, 1891 ; Winifred Loui.se, b. Nov. 9, 1893. MATHIEU, Joseph Edouard Victor, H, D., Central b'alls, was born in .St. Barnabe, county of St. Hyacinthe, Province of Quebec, Aug. 8, 1856, and is the son of Edouard and Rosalie (Lapre) Mathieu. His ancestors on both sides came from Normandy, France, about the six- teenth century, and with others of the name were among the first settlers of the Island of Orleans, near the city of Quebec. His father was born in St. Ours, Richelieu, P. Q., and when twenty-two years old removed to St. Barnabe, where he engaged in business, keeping a coun- try store and exporting the farmer's produce. He was postmaster for sixteen years, and mayor for twenty years; in 1872 he removed to the city of vSt. Hyacinthe, accepting a railroad agency, a position which he occupied until his death in 1895. Jose]>h's mother was born in St, Barnabe, and was educated in the convent LaPresenta- tion at St. llsacintlie. He received his early education in the parochial school until the age of II, when he etitered the St. Hyacinthe Semi- nary and pursued a classical course. He studied medicine at the Victoria L'niversity of JAMES L. JENKS, CITY SOLICITOR, PAWTUCKET. GEORGE W. PAYNE, MANUFACTURER OfJcOTTON AND WOOtEN MACHINERY. SAMUEL G. STINESS, iflANAGEH OF PAWTUCKET GAS CO. FOR MANY YEA EDMUND W. ORSWELL, TREASURER BLODGETT A ORSWEU CO. 382 ILLUSTRATI' I) HISTORY () 1' PAWT U C K i: T Montreal, from which lie received his degree ol Doctor of Medicine in 1.S79. .Soon after his graduation he came to Rhode Island and engaged in the practice of his profession in Cen- tral Falls, where he has since resided. Dr. Malhieu has held the office of coroner for the cit\ til Cen tral I'alls since 1S93, and is medical examiner (or the Equitable Life Assurance Society of New York, and the New York Mutual Reserve l'"und Association. He is also physician for the Loyal Mount Hope Lodge, of Odd Fellows; Court Flower of Dexter of the Ancient Order of Foresters of America; Lodge No. 277, Order of the Sons of St. George; Lady Lincoln Lodge, No. 46, Order of the Daughters of St. George ; the Association of St. Jean Baptiste of Central Falls: and the Catholic Knights of America. He is a member of the Pawtucket Medical Society and of the Rhode Island Medical Society, also of most of the local societies and social organizations. Dr. Mathieu was married Feb. 14, 1882, to Amanda Blanche Richer, of St. Hyacinthe, P. Q. They have had three child- ren : Yvonne, b. F'eb. 22, 1883, d. Feb. 28, 1885; Bertha Corinne, b. Dec. 25, 1885; and Estelle Marie Mathieu b. Sept. 1890. MASON, Frederick R., second child of Roljert Durfee and Mary Bicknell (Nicholas) Mason, was born in Pawtucket, March 11, 1859. He attended the public schools of his native town and the private .school of Rev. C. M. Wheeler of Providence, and completed his edu- cation at Brown University, taking a two years' course in chemistry. In 1880 he became assist- ant to his father in the management of his manufacturing establishment, and in 1889 was admitted into partnership, the firm name then becoming R. D. Mason & Co. When the business was incorporated under the name of the Robert D. Mason Co. he was elected its treasurer, which position he now holds. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of St. Paul's Episcopal church. He was for .several years secretary of the T. K. Club. June 6, 1894, he was married to Annie ]•'.. Boon of Providence. Both his parents are natives of Pawtucket; his mother was b. Dec. 31, 1834, and d. Aug. 20, 1890. MASON, Robert Durfee, the head of the oldest lileaching and (hcing establishment in Pawtucket, was born at Pawtucket. March lo. 1832, and was the .second sou of RobL-rt 1). and Mehitable Tyler (Merry) Mason. He attended tlic public schools until he was 16 years old, wlicn he went to Taunton, .Mass.. to learn the sash and blind trade with his brother, .\fler working at his trade for i.s months he returned to Pawtucket and went into the bleachery and dyeing works then conducted by his uncle vSamuel Merrj- and which had been established by his grandfather Barney Merry in 1805 (see page 152.) He acquired a perfect knowledge of the business and in 1861 was appointed super- intendent, which position he held until 1866, when he was admitted into partnership, and this relation continued until 1S70 when the works were damaged by an explosion causing much financial loss. His uncle and partner thereupon retired from active business, when the name of the firm was changed to Robert D. Mason & Co., and the Dexter brothers became his business as.sociates ; but in 1876 he purchased their interests, and in 1889 he admitted liis son, Frederick R., as a partner. In 1892 the business was incorporated under the name of the Robert D. Mason Co., and re- moved to its present location on Main street, where the plant is regarded as one of the best equipped in this country, ha\-ing all the modern improvements and the latest labor sa\'ing ma- chinery. An idea can be had of the growth of the enterprise when it is known that the capacity of the original works was 1500 pounds per day while the capacity of the present establishment is 20,000 pounds per day. Mr. Mason is presi- dent of the company and his son Frederick R. is treasurer. In politics Mr. Mason is a Republican. For 14 years he served as one of the three water commissioners of Pawtucket. He is one of the original members of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, and is a mend)er of the American Legion of Honor. He has been a life-long attendant of St. Paul's I\])iscopaI church. In May, 1852, he was married to Mary Bicknell Nicholas of Pawtucket, by which Hi()(iR APiii i>:s. 383 union there aru two chiklrcn, Ella Frances, b. Nov. 16, 1H53, and Frederick Robert, b. March II, 1S59. His first wife d. Aug. 20, i8go, and he was married to Mary Adeline Havens of Pawtucket, Oct. 28, 1893. Mr. Mason has been closely identified with the i>roy;ress and development of his native cit)'. He is interested in various enterprises, is well kniiwn in business circles and has the esteem of all with whom he associates. His father died in Pawtucket, July 26, 1832, when but 30 j-ears old. four months after the birth of Robert ; he was engaged as a merchant tailor as appears in an advertisement in the Pawtucket Chronicle of Oct. 7, 1826, which announced that he had established a tailor shop " over M. Read and Company's store, directly opposite the Paw- tucket Hotel." MATHEWSON, Thomas A., was born in North Scituate, R. I., March 31, 1825. The Mathewson family originated in Scotland. On coming to this country early in the last century they settled in North Scituate. Here Simon Mathewson, father of Thomas A., was born March 6, 1797, and married Amie Angell, May 10, 1822. Thomas A. was a machinist and inventor of unusual ability. From 1868 to the THOMAS A. MATHEWSON. LESTER I. MATHEWSON, time of his death he was a member of the firm of Payne & Mathewson, now G. W. Payne iS: Co., builders of upright spoolers and patent cone winders. Much of the success of this concern was due to his skill as a mechanic and administrator. He married Mary A. Merrill, who was born in Nobleboro, Me., Jan. 8, 1827, and is still living. She comes of sturdy English stock, but her ancestors have lived in America for generations. To Mr. and Mrs. Mathewson were born four children : Jane E., Ocella, \'ella, and Lester I. Mr. Mathewson died very suddenly of apolexy in Philadelphia, Oct. 11, 1880. MATHEWSON. Lester I., son of Thomas A. and ^lary A., was born in Nobleboro, Me., April 10, i860, and came to Pawtucket in 1867, where he received his education in the public schools. He was a graduate of the high school in 1880. After leaving school he worked for Payne & Mathewson until the death of his father. He then attended the Bryant & Stratton Business College in Providence. From there he went to work for the jewelry firm of T. L Smith & Co., of North Attleboro. He was the New York salesman of that firm when he ter- minated his connection with them in 1887 to go 3«4 I I,I.rSTRAT]';i) HISTORY O !• PAW T r C K !■: T. into the finu dI J.N. I'oIscn' iS; Co., box mami- factiirers ol Uiis cilw of which he is still a iiieniljer. Mr. Mathewsoii is an aUi.-nilanl nl the Con- gregational chnrcli. He is a nKinluT ol suxtial social and fraternal organizations. In iSS(> Ik- was married to PCrniinie Rohhins in Norwich. Conn., and they have two children : Ivlla Rob- bins, b. 1.S90, and Doris Roath, 1). iS(j4. MASSriANN, Adolph W., confectioner an.l restaurateur, was born in 1.S57, at Hamburg, Germany, where he learned the trade of a candy maker or confectioner. In iSiS8 he came to America and worked for J. H. RoV)erts & Co., of Providence, being foreman of the candy fac- torv of that firm for nine \ears. In 1890 he came to Pawtucket and opened and operated a confectionerj^ store at his present location, 209 Main street. The business prospered from the start and recently he has enlarged his quarters and added thereto a first-class restaurant which is much patronized by ladies. Mr. Massmann has made a reputation with his candies and ice cream. He uses only the best selected materials. He is a member of Enterprise Lodge, I.O.O.F. June, 1S93, he was married to Louisa Jeuks of Pawtucket, daughter of Isaac T. Jenks. McCABE, Bernard, the fourth child of Hugh and Catherine (McEntee) McCabe, was born in Pawtucket, March i, 1848. His father was born in Ireland but came to America in 1843 and settled in Pawtucket. Leaving school at 15. Bernard was employed in the Pervear Bolt Works but relinquished that situation to learn the trade of blacksmith with Allen Green at Providence. When a journeyman he found employment in Boston, but returned to Paw- tucket in 1875. when he joined with Michael Whalen and opened a general blacksmithing and wheelright shop. In 1880 he purchased Mr. Whalen's interest, and in 1887 he erected the building now occupied by him for the manu- facture of carriages and wagons and al.so a wheelright and blacksmith .shop, corner of Main and Bay ley streets. He also conducts a .store at 345 Main street for the sale of the Eowler and other bicycles. In national politics Mr. McCabe is a Democrat, but in local matters he is an indei)endent. In Jnl\', 1891, he was mar- ried to laien M. l'.ra(l> <<{ Attleboro, Mass. McCALLUn, Charles A., was born in New York citv, Dec. 31, 1869, and is the tenth child of Charles and Margaret (Mcnnily) McCallum. His parents were nali\es of the- North ol Ireland and are of .Scotch ancestr\-. They came to this conntr\- some lime in the 4()'s. He attended the New York public schools until he was 14 \ears old. He then studied ])ri\atel\ and finall\- fitted himself for his present jirofession of regis- tered jiharmacist. Meanwhile he had worked as a drv goods clerk and at various other occu- pations, but onl\' as a means of securing the eilucation and training he desired. In 1891 Mr. McCallum purchased the drug- gist store he now conducts at 88 Central .street, Central P'alls. This business was started here in 1883. Under Mr. McCallum's management it has steadily increased each year and now is in a prosperous condition. Dec. 31, 1890, Mr. McCallum was married in Pawtucket to Abigail Clarkson. Three children are the result of the union : Ida Estella, b. April 2. 1892; \'ivian Harcourt Clark.son, b. Sept. 30, 1893; and Myrtle Mell- wood, b. Dec. 21, 1894. The fir.st two were born in Central F'alls and the last in Pawtucket. Mr. McCallum is a member of the Episcopal church and of the Young Men's Christian Associatiou. He also belongs to the United Workmen, the Red Men, the Foresters, the Rhode Island Wheelmen, and the league of American Wheel- men. For the pa.st five years he has been local constd for the last named organization. McCAUGHEY, Bernard, is one of the best known and most successful business men in Pawtucket. He was born at Lismore, near Clagher, County T\rone, Ireland, Jan. 19, 1844, and is the seventh child of James .'ind Isabella (O'Neill) McCaughey, who were the parents of ten children — nine sons and one daughter. His fatlu-r in early lite was a hantl- loom linen \\ea\'er, but afterwards took to farm- ing and road making, and at the time of his death in iSdi was the largest road contractor in that ]iart of the countrv. — His mother was a woman of great force of character and took 1 i ra J f STEPHEN DEXTER ANGELL, NCY GOODS, BOOTS AND SHOES, ETC., JAMES E. BANIGAN, DAVID B. LEMLEY, AND FINISHING, NEW BLEACHERY, SAYLES JAMES F. BARRY, JAHRV, MFG. JEWELERS, PflOVIDEN CHARLES R. BUCKLIN, OF BUCKLIN d TRE SCOTT, LEATHER MANUF WALDO TRESCOTT, OF BUCKLIN A TRESCOTT, LEATHER MANUFACTURERS. 386 ILT.U.STRATl'.n HISTORY O !• I'AWTrCKIvT. iiiucli pride in the history of hvv laiuilx , lliu O'Neills of Ivrrigle Keiraii, Tvioir-. Bernard obtained his education in the national schools of his native land. At the age of 15 he went to work in a bakery, where he was employed for six years. Oct. 9, 1865, he left Ireland in a sailing ship and arrived in New York, Nov. 12, with $12.50 in his possession. BERNARD McCAUGHEY ri'CAUGHEV A CO., HOUSE-FURNISHING GOODS He went to Taunton, Mass., obtained a job as a baker, which occupation he followed until June, 1S66, when he went to work in the Taunton Locomotive Works, where he remained until Jan., 1867. He then came to Providence, R. I., was employed in the Burnside Locomo- tive Works until August, 1867, and worked for Francis Hackett on Atwells avenue for thirteen months. He then engaged with Flint & Co. of Provi- dence, as a tin peeorge R. 1)., Mary F., Lizzie Dudley, Jeanie Dennis and Una Clari.ssa. Mr. McGregor's father was a minister of the gospel in Scotland and Canada, and his (our brothers are activeh' engaged in the same ])ro- fession in \arious parts ol Canada and the United Slates. HcKENNA, Frank Augustus, M. D., was born in Pawtucket, Sept. 8, 1S66. He is the RICHARD MARTIN, WILLIAM J. MARTIN, ASSISTANT MASTER MECMAHIC, DUMBEll. > DR. J. M. MclLVAIN FRANK A. McKENNA, M.D. 3 BROADWAY. ^ >5^ yhf^ X JAMFS A. MONCRIEF, TREASURER AND GENERAL MANAGER PAWTUCKET STEA BERNARD McCABE, BLACKSMITH AND CARRIAGE MANUPACTURER. ti 390 ILLUvSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTUCKHT. second child of F'rancis and Mary A. McKenna. His father was also born in Pawtucket in 1S44. and the family have now been in this coinitrx for three generations. Frank A. attended llu- Pawtucket public schools. He began in 1SS4 to study medicine with Dr. davlord, who was one of the best known phxsicians on the cast side, Pawtucket. This olTicc studs- he sui)])lc- mented by a nic-dical course in the Universit\- of New York, and Ik- was graduated from the col- lege of Pliysicians and Surgeons of Haiti nK)rf, Md., with the degree of M. 1)., April i, 1.S93. In the same year he began the practice of his profession in his native city, and he has estab- lished a reputation for skill. His practice is steadily increasing. His office is at 3 Broadway, where he pursued his studies for 1 1 years. HcKENNA, Frank, was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, July 14, 1857, and is the eighth child of James and Marj- (McCarron) Mc- Kenna. He attended the national schools of his nalixc country until his 14th j-ear and con- tinued his studies in the night schools of Central halls, whither he had moved with his parents in 1.S73. He learned the trade of a brass founder and worked at it until 1890, when he established the Cit)' Brass Foundry at 9 Slater avenue, his present location. He attends the Sacred Heart Catholic church, Pawtucket ; is a mend)er, and has been president of the S. H. C. T. A. vS., of Central Falls. Oct. 15, 1889, he was married to Ellen McNeil of Pawtucket and they have four children, James, b. Dec. 22, 1891 ; Mary, b. July 29, 1893: I'rancis, 1). Dec. 15, 1S94; Ellena, 1). .\pril 13, iS(/.. MclLVAIN, J. riorton, n. I)., D. D. S., was born at Churchville, Harford county, Maryland. His family originated in Scotland, and his first American ancestors came to this country- jirior to 1776. His grandfather, Jeremiah, was b. at Chester, Penn., P'eb. 2, 1808; his grandmother, Ann Cro.sty Morton, a granddaughter of John Morton, the signer of the declaration of inde- pendence, was b. at Morton, Pa., Aug. 2, 1804. His father, George \V. was b. at Morton, and married Rachela, daughter of Dr. Samuel J. Ramsay, examining surgeon for the Ihiionarmy during the war of the rebellion. Dr. Ramsay was a nephew of Col. Ramsay of the war of 181 2 and a relative of David Ramsay the historian. Tjion leaving Trinity School, Churchville, where he received his preliminary schooling, voung Mcllvain entered Swarthmore College, Pa., and pursued a scientific course ; then taking up his j)rofessional studies, after several years resi- dence in California, he received the degree of D. I). S. from the University of Michigan and later the degree of M. D., from the University of Mar\land. In 1892 he registered as a dentist in Providence and came to Pawtucket in 1895. He is a mend^er of Union Lodge, No. 10, A. F'. and A. M. He is not an active church member, but leans towards the belief of the Hicksite Friends. In politics he is a Republican. McMANUS, Peter Bingham, proprietor of the Home Bleach and I)>e Works, was born in Crlasgow, Scotland, March 24, 1837, and is the third child of Daniel and Margaret (Bingham) McManus. He attended the .schools of his native city until he was nine years old, when he was sent to the bleaching and dyeing estab- li.shment of Gettis «& Son, Glasgow, to learn the business. After becoming a proficient workman he was employed in Paisley, vScotland, and Belfast, Ireland. At the latter place he had full charge of the works. In 1.S70 he came to America, locating first at Lewi.stou, Me. From there he went to Walpole, Mass., where he was stationed for ten years. In 1882 he came to Pawtucket to manage the bleaching and dyeing department of the Union Wadding Company, but three years later purchased the business, which he has since conducted under the name of the Home Bleach and Dye Works. In 1889 he lea.sed the X'alle)' Falls Dyeing and Bleaching W^orks, but in 1892 the buildings were destroyed by fire. That part of the business he then transferred to his original ]>lant, which is one of the best equipped ol its kind in Xew England. The business has steadily grown under Mr. Mc- Mainis's control and from an original force of 20, there are now 123 employees. Mr. McManus is a member of Union Lodge, A. I", and A. M., a Knight Teni])Iar, a .Shriner, an honorary member of the G. A. R., and of the E I O G R A P II I Iv S . 391 Veteran Firemen's Association, and belongs to the I'awtucket Business Men's Association. August, 1859, he was married to Mar\- Hunter of Glasgow, Scotland. 1)\- which union there were eight children, fi\-e having died, ka\ing Peter B. Jr., b. Dec. ;,i, 1S71 ; Mary, b. Jul\' 1, '•"^T.i : J'^li". !'■ -^lay 29, 1876. HEIKLEJOHN, John Watt, was bom in Glasgow, Scotland, May, 1S63, and is the fourth child of James and Elizabeth (France) Meikle- john. His family was originally from Denny, Stirling.shire, vScotland. In 1880 James with his wife and children came to America and settled in .\p])onaug, R. I. The father and mother are still living, and the former is a fore- man at the Duiniell printworks. John W. attended the board schools in England until he was sixteen years old. He then taught school for two sessions and afterwards worked with his father at calico printing. In 1 884 he established a small store on Park place, at first dealing in new.spapers, sheet music and notions, but his business rapidly increased and he soon added pianos to his stock, and enlarged his store by hiring more room. In 18S6 he took George Lomas into partnership in the piano business, and the firm became known as Meiklejohn & Lomas. His present commodious quarters at 7 North Union .street were first occupied in 1S87. Mr. Lomas retired from the concern in 1S89, wlien Mr. Meiklejohn's father and his brother Andrew were admitted to the firm, which then took the name of John W. Meiklejohn (S: Co. During these changes the business grew stead i I \-. A specialty is made of the Estey pianos. Mr. Meiklejohn conceived the idea that a hall for concerts, assemblies and high-class entertainments was essential in Pawtucket. He impressed his belief on others, and finalh- induced Callender, McAuslan & Troup Co., of Providence, to erect in 1894 the Auditorium on the corner of Common and George .streets, opposite Wilkinson park. His firm has a lease of the building for ten years and Mr. Meiklejohn is the manager. The Pawtucket Polo Team plays all its games in this building, and Mr. Meiklejohn owns ilie franchise and is the mana- ger of the dull. The success of the enteqjrise has fully justified Mr. Meiklejohn's forecasts and business acumen. In politics Mr. Meikle- john is a Republican. Since 1894 he has been one of the license commissioners. He is a member of the Pawtucket Congregational church. In social and fraternal societies he takes an active interest, and belongs to the Knights of Pythias, the Order of Scottish Clans, the New England Order of Protection and the T. K. Club. He was married April 24, 1S95, to Miss Agnes Potter and they ha\-e one child. MICLETTE, Oliver, was born March 20, i8;i9, at Marieville, P. y., where he attended the public schools until the age of 12; and sub- sequently took a collegiate course at Chambly. For ten years he engaged in farming in Califor- nia, but returned to his native country and continued as a farmer until 1882 when he came to Pawtucket and opened a grocery^ and provi- sion store, corner Harrison and Slater streets, where he was stationed until 1892, when he moved to his present quarters, corner Capital and Slater streets. He is a member of the Catholic Knights of America, of the Society of St. Jean the Baptiste, the Union of St. John, and the Granite Building Association. Nov. 10, 1867, he was married to Ann O'Gara of Lawrence, Mass., sister of Rev. Thomas F. O'Ciara of Wilmington, Illinois. niLLER, Joseph Williams, was born in Pawtucket, Oct. 12, 1830, and was the fourth child of Joseph anil Charlotte (Bagley) Miller. He attended the public schools and when 16 years old became clerk in his father's grocery store on North Main .street. He entered the machine shop of Thomas J. Hill to learn the machinist trade and as a journeyman worked for the Pawtucket Hair Co., James S. Brown, and Northup & Thurber, after which he estab- lished himself in the business of a wholesale and retail grocer, which he abandoned in 1S71 to give his whole attention to his real e.state pro- perties. In 1892 he was elected a member of the board of alderman from the fourth wanl and has been reelected every year since. Oct. 22, 1S52, he was married to Hannah E. Hamlin of Providence, b\' which union there are two 392 I I, LI" S 'PR ATI'; I) HISTORY 1" I'AWTl'CKKT children : Frank Webster, b. Nov. 12 KS53, and Charles Mortimer, b. Jnly 25, i86rintworks at Manchcs ter, X. H. He returned to Pawtucket in 1S41J, and joined his father who was a meat and pro\i- •sion dealer, and much of the business was carried on by means of wagons. To this brancli of the business Reuben paid special attention and subsequently purchased his father's inter- est. In 1S65 he connected himself with Edwin Darling as manager of the Main street market, corner Main .street and Park place, the site of the present Boston store. In 1867 he formed a copartnenship with Charles E. Chickering, under the name of Chickering & Miller Express Co., which firm was dissolved in 1S85 by the retire- ment of Mr. Miller to permit him to devote his time and efforts to the Perry Oil Co., which he had purchased in 1879 and of which he was the active and responsible manager. He later organ- ized the Rhode Island Agricultural Chemical Co., for the manufacture of fertilizers. In 1890 he admitted George T. Greenhalgh into the company, the latter becoming manager while Mr. Miller was the treasurer, and the business has since been carried on at 372 Central avenue. Mr. Miller was married Nov. 26, 1854, to Elizabeth Lawton, of Seekonk, Ma,ss. Three children are the fruit of the union, Henry H., b. Oct. I, 1855; George L., b. Dec. 15, 1857; and Renl)en K., Jr., b. Aug. i, 1871). Mr. Miller is an (_)dd Fellow, and an attendant of the Park Place Congregational c-hurch. In politics he is a Republican. MOIES, Charles Parmenter, first mayor of Central h'alls, was born in North Providence (now Pawtucket), March 24, 1845, son of Thomas and Susan W. (.Seymour) Moles. He is a grandson of John and .\nna (Robinson) Moies of Dorchester, Mass. On tlie maternal side his great-grandfather was Capt. Jolm George Curien, who came to this country Irom I'rance with I.,afayette, served in the revolu- tion, and married Olive Branch of Providence ; their daughter Cecilia married George Sexinour, and their daughter Susan married Thomas Moies and was the mother of Cliarles P. He received his early education in the ])ublic schools of Central F'alls, and attended Schol- field's Connnercial College, Providence, in 1864. In March, 1865, he went to Chicago, 111., and entered the freight office of the Chicago. Bur- lington and Quincy Railroad, remaining there until September, 1866, when he returned to his liome in Central Falls, and entered the Paw- tucket Institution for Savings as clerk and assistant to his father, who filled the office of treasurer. ITpon the death of his father, in November, 1886, Charles P. w^as elected treas- urer, wdiich office he still holds. In May, 1885, he was elected treasurer of the Pawtucket Mu- tual Fire Insurance Co. and still holds that office. In January, 1881, he was elected treas- urer of the Central Falls Fire District, succeed- ing his uncle, Charles Moies, who had held the office 26 }-ears, and continued in that capacity until March, 1895, when the district was abol- ished by the organization of the city of Central Falls. He also succeeded his father, upon the latter's death in 1886, as treasurer of union school di.stricts, one and two, of Central Falls, and served until May, 1892, when the di.strict school system was abolished by the adoption of the town system by the town of Lincoln. He was also elected treasurer of the town of Lincoln upon the death of his father (the former treas- urer), and continued in that office until the town was made a city, March 18, 1895, when he was elected the first mayor of Central F'alls, and held the office until Jan. 6, 1896. In poli- tics he is a Republican, and represented the town of Lincoln in 1885 in the lower branch of the General Assembly. Mr. Moies left school at the age of 17, in .Se])tember, 1862, to enter the arm\', and serxcd during his term of inlistment nine months in Co. I!, iitli Re.niment Rhodi- Island \'olunteers. He is a memlier of liallon Post, G. .\ . R.. and served two \ears as its commander. He is also a memlier of tlu- ( )ila\". He built in 1 .S44 the "Peerless," now in commission in Xova Scotia: the "Pawtucket," in iScSs, which is used as a trader in Trinidad ; the " Planet," in 1890, and the " Petrel " in 1892, one of the fastest boats in her class. In 1894-5 he reliuilt the " Planet," increasing her passenger capacity to 700 and changing her name to "Pawnee." The steamboat business was incorporated in 1885 under the name of the Pawtucket Steam- boat Co., of which Robert M. W. Horton i> president, James Mclyay vice-president, while Mr. Moncrief is treasurer and manager. Mr. Moncrief now conducts a general machine sho]) giving special attention to marine machinery. He is a Universalist and is a Knight of Pythias, a Knight of Honor, and a member of the < )(Id Fellows. Dec. 25, 1S68, he was married to Louisa J. Green of Nantucket, Mass., and from this union there are four children: Elizabeth, Jennie L-, James A., and Myrtie Belle. In poli- tics Mr. Moncrief is a Republican. WILLIAM P. MORONEY, nORONEY, William P., was born at Span- ish Point, Milltown, Malbay, County Clare, Ireland, in 1S37. At the age of 19 he came to this country and went to work at the shoe busi- ness in Middleboro, Mass. Soon after he moved to Sandwich, Mass., where in 1862 he opened a shoe store. In 1859 he married Catharine Hurley and has a faniil\' of fi\e daughters and one son, all born in .Sandwich, Mass. His s(ni is now a practicing physician in this cit\'. In 1876 he moved to Pawtucket where he o])ened a retail boot and shoe store on blast a\enue. which business he continued until 1SS7. In that year he sold out the shoe business and engaged in the real estate and instirance busi- ness at 1 7 North Main street, his present location. Mr. Moroney has been closely identified with Pawtucket lioth as a town and as a cit\-. and in no small degree has contributed to its success. He has helil many oflices of trust, and was the last president of the town council of Pawtucket. He was assessor of taxes for nearly 12 years, when he resigned in order to give his .sole attention to his private business. He was sewer commissioner for nearly five years ])revious to the organization of the board of public works. He was one of the organizers 396 I 1,1. r ST RAT I'. I) HISTORY ( ) !• I'.WV T T C K I'.T of the Pawtucket; board of fire insurance under- writers and became its first president. He was selected by the city of Pawtucket as referee in the Haniniond's pond nuisance case and bj' his independent action saved the city several thou- sands of dollars. He was a stockholder in and was one of the directors of the Post Publishins^ Co. when that paper was a Democratic or^au. He is the tenth child of Patrick ;ui , George W. (deceased), Harry (deceased), Frank O. (deceased), Charles Eugene, Grace Easter, Ruth and Lena. Mr. Newell isof the eighth gen- eration of his family in America. His grandfather, Nathaniel Newell, was a substantial farmer in Cumberland, R. I., and lived to the age of 89 years and 6 months. His grandmother lived to be over 86 years. His father, William Newell, was a prominent brass founder and established fifty years ago the business Fred E. now conducts. NEWELL, Qeorge Edwin, for many years one of the leading business men of Pawtucket, was born Sept. 19, 1830, in Cumberland, R. I., and died in Pawtucket, May 13, 1896. He was a son of John and Polly (Grant) Newell, and was a descendant, in the seventh generation, of Abraham Newell, who was born in Ipswich, Eng., in 1581, and came to Roxbury, Mass., in 1634, dying there in 1672, at the ripe age of 91 years. Until he was 16 years of age Mr. Newell alternately attended school and worked on his father's farm. vSubsequenth' he attended the East Greenwich vSeminary. By teaching school at Dianionron C. Payne became partners and the name of the firm was changed to Olney & Payne Hros. The yards and coal pockets of the firm arc located on the Conant Thread Co.'s wharf, while the business office is at 20 East a\enne. Mr. Olney is a Republican in politics. In religion he is a Unitarian, is a member of the Unitarian Club of Providence, and belongs to the Y. M. C. A., of Pawtucket. He is also an Odd Fellow and a I'ree Mason. April 10, 1879, he was married to Ella M. Payne, and they have two children, Joseph, b. Sept. 19, 1888, and Florence P., b. Feb. 21, iSSi. Joseph Olney, the father of Oeorge B., was born in Smithfield, Aug. 21, 1813, and is a direct descendant in the eighth generation from Thomas Olney, one of the original settlers of Providence. The original " home lot " of Thomas Olney is still in possession of the family. CHALLEY, Patrick, son of William and Margaret (Pendergast) O'Malley, was born in County Mayo, Ireland, March 14, 1843. He attended school in his native place. In his youth his parents removed to Eancashire, Eng- land, where he completed his education. While in Ireland he worked on a farm and cared for the shee]i. When 15 years old he went to work in a cotton mill and later learned the trade of a mason. June, 1869, he came to America, and Incatetl in Providence, when he worked at his trade. Later he worked on the Conant thread mills, Pawtucket, and afterwards worked in Lonsdale. He also worked at his trade in New Bedford and Boston. In 1876 he opened a grocery store in his own building, 534 Dexter .street, Central F'alls. His business prospered, and, his real estate investments proving profit- able, he retired from active business and devotes his time and attention to the manage- ment and care of his properties. Mr. O'Malley was chief marshal of St. Patrick's day parade PATRICK O'MALLEY, in 1885. In politics he is a Democrat. June 8, 1876, he was married to Sabina Leonard of New Bedford. They have adopted two children. O'NEILL, Daniel, was born in County Waterford, Ireland, in 1832. He went to school DANIEL O'NEILL, RETIRED UNDERTAKER. BIOGRAPHIIiS. 405 until lie was 17 years old, and came to America about 1S50. He li\e(l se\eral years in Taunton, Mass., where he was emploj-ed in the highway department and was steadily advanced until he became assi.stant highway commissioner, which position he held for five years. He came to Pawtucket in June, 1867, and purchased the undertaking business of Patrick Quinn, then located at the old .St. Mary's church. His busi- ness prospered and in 1891 he disposed of it to his sons William H. anti Daniel F. in order to devote his lull lime to the real estate business in which he is now engaged. He is a member of vSt. Mary's Catholic church. April 6, i860, he was married to Ellen McKenna, and by this union there are three children: William H., Daniel F., and Joseph B. His finst wife died, and in i8go he was married to Catherine Camp- bell of Pawtucket. Mr. O'Neill's father owned and operated successfully a farm in Waterford, Ireland. For manj- generations his ancestors tilled the same farm, and his brother .still resides on the old homestead. O'NEILL, William Henry, the second son of Daniel and Ellen (McKenna) O'Neill, was born in Taunton, Mass., Aug. 23, 1863. His parents moved in 1S67 to Pawtucket, where he attended the parochial and public schools and completed his education at Holy Cross College, Worcester, Mass. After leaving college he went into the eini)loy of his father in the under- taking business. In iSgi he and his brother Daniel F. bought out their father's interest. In October, 1895, he purchased his brother's interest and has since continued the business alone as an undertaker and funeral director, at 135 Pine street. In politics Mr. O'Neill is a Democrat. He attends the St. Mary's Catholic church, is a ineniber of the Knights of Colum- bus, the A. (), H., the A. (). F. and the I. (). R. M. Sept. 27, 1894, he was married to Susan J. McSoley. ORSWELL, Gardner, was born in Ma.ssachu- .setts but lived a great part of his life in Rhode Island. He was popularlx- known as Captain Orswell, having been captain ol the I'irst Light Infantry, of Providence, in the earl\ t|uarter of the century. One of his sons, Warren M. Orswell, born at Graystone, R. I., in 1828, engaged in the manufacturing business and was successful. Early in life he married Eliza Ayer, who came of an old \'ermont family. ORSWELL, Edmund W., the first child of Warren M. and ICliza (Ayer) Orswell, was born at \'alley Falls, Dec. 11, 1.849, and attended the public schools at X'alley Falls and the hi.gh school at Lonsdale up to his 17th year. After this he became the bookkeeper of the then manufacturing firm of N. P. Hicks & Co., and remained with this firm and its successors in that capacity up to the year 1883. In 1884 the firm was incorporated as the Fl. Jenckes Manufacturing Co. and Mr. Orswell became its secretary. On Jan. i, 1885, FIdward G. Blodgett and Mr. Orswell formed a copartner- ship for the production of glazed yarn. For the succeeding two j-ears the business was so suc- cessful that it was decided to seek a charter from the state, and accordingly it was, in 1887, incorporated as the " Blodgett & Orswell Co.." with Mr. Blodgett as president and Mr. Orswell as treasurer. The Pawtucket Dyeing & Bleaching Co. was begun in 1889 with the same officers as the other company. Under the skillful manage- ment of its directors it has become a business of importance and value. Although the president, Mr. Blodgett, died in 1894, both branches of the business have since been continued with Mr. Orswell as manager. Mr. Orswell is a Republican in politics by conviction, but he has managed to keep out of active politics, feeling that such a mingling would entail sooner or later a sacrifice of his business. In business Mr. Orswell is energetic and has a mind on which he can .safely draw for new plans or methods whenever the emergency demands it. Being a mere stripling when the war broke out, Mr. Orswell has no war record. He is a ])rized member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association and of the I. O. O. F. In 1871 he was married to Miss Mary A. Smith of Albion, R. I. They have two children li\ing: Mary IClvira and William W. OTT, Joseph, ihinl child of Jacob and Genevieve (Ilodkr) Otl. was born March 11, 4o6 ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTrCKET. 1861, at Trochtelfingeii. in 11k- district of Hoheii/ollern, Cierniaiiy. lIi- attciuUd sclmol in his native town until he was id years old, when he entered the school of Art and Science at Reutlinj;;en, Ciermany, from which he was graduated in 187S. He then entered a mill in Bavaria to obtain a practical knowledge of operating machinery and the details in the manufacturing of cloth. In 1880 he went to Augsburg as a designer, and later to Ash, in the silk district of Bohemia, where he remained until 1882 and acquired a knowledge of the manufacture of silk in all its details. He went next to Chemnitz, in Saxony, entering the employ of Ooeritz Brothers, one of the largest silk manufacturers in that country. To avoid military service he came to America in 1SS4 and connected himself with Coffin, Altemus .S: Co., of New York, as a de- signer. In 1885 Ir- went with the Fare Alpaca Co., Holyoke, Mass., as designer, and later with the layman Mill Co., of the same place, as superintendent, having charge of and success- fully operating 1000 looms. A }-ear later he came to the Slater Cotton Co., Pawtucket, and remained in its employ until 1S88 when, deciding to operate on his own account, he devoted a year to perfecting a loom for weaving silk, fine cotton and worsted, in which he succeeded, and began business with eight looms in the old Hicks building off East avenue. The enter- prise prospered and later he associated with him as partners Daniel G. Littlefield and Darius Gofi, and in May, i88g, the business was incor- porated under the name of the Royal Weaving Co., and the plant was removed to the factory of the American Hair Cloth Co., corner Mill and Cross streets. Central Falls, and later to the new factory across the street from the hair cloth mill. This new mill is an unique structure and was specially constructed for delicate weaving, the light all being obtained from the roof. Mr. Ott was chosen agent and general manager of the company and to his practical knowledge and executive ability the success of the enter- prise is largely due. In politics he is a Repub- lican. He is a 32d degree Mason, a member of the Mystic Shrine, and belongs to the Pawtucket Business Men's Association. Mr. Ott's ancestors were cloth manufac- turers and his father, at Steinhilben, Germany, became famous for his " military cloth," which is in use in the German army. His mother is the daughter of Hodler, a well-known cloth manufacturer at Achen in Westphalia. PATT, Frederick Augustus, was born in Pawtucket, Ajjril 10, 1S38. His father, l)a\i(l Patt, was born in Co\-entry, R. 1.. in 1797, and died in Pawtucket in 1842 : his mother was F'reelove Arnold, who died in 1874. The\- had twelve children, of whom Frederick A. was the youngest. He received his education in the Pawtucket public schools under the instruction of John Willard until he was 15 years old, when he went to work for Preston Everett, with whom he remained three years. He then went to Taunton, Mass., for a year, but on his return worked for Mr. Everett for two years. From 1858 to 1861 he had charge of the painting at Lonsdale, for the mills there. In 1861 he went to Illinois and enlisted in the 7th Illinois, which was a three months regiment of infantr\-. He then enlisted in the ist Missouri Cavalr\ , in which he served three years. Two of his brothers also served during the war, and one was likewise in the .Mexican war. After the war Frederick A. went to California, but returned to Pawtucket in 1S70, and went into business as a house painter antl dealer in wall paper, and in 1S95 took into partnership Benja- min ¥. Davis, and the firm, under the name of Patt & Davis, now carries on a successful busi- ness at 68 North Main street. Mr. Patt was a member of the last council of the town of Pawtucket, and was superintend- ent of street lamps and a member of the city council in 1889. He is a member of Enterpri.se Lodge, I. O. O. F. ; F^ureka Lodge, K. of P. ; and was among the fir.st officers of both lodges. He also belongs to Tower Post, G. A. R. He was married in California, in 1869, to Helen Emma James, who died in 1890, without issue. In 1 89 1 he was married to Ann FHizabeth Gimniarhardt. by which iniimi tliere are two children: Harry A., b. h'eli, 16, 1893, and Dorus !•;., b. July 8, 1894. The gambrel-roofed house, bought by David Patt in the earlv vears of the centurw and so BIOGRAPHIES. 407 long the family homestead is still standing at 59 Pleasant street, and is in the rear of the John Louden and P'rost houses on East avenue. When Pleasant street was widened many years ago the east side of the hov.se was cut off. The hou.se is now in a very dilapidated condition. PATT, Irving F., assistant superintendent Pawtucket Gas Co., is the son of Jeremiah O. and Mary Ann (Gooding) Patt. He was born Maj- 9, 1848, at Central Falls, where he attended the public schools until he was 16 years old. He then learned the trade of a carpenter. Eater, with his brother, he was admitted to partnership with his father under the firm name of Jeremiah O. Patt & Sons, contractors and builders. This firm built many fine residences and mills in Central Falls. In the early .seventies Mr. Patt's father retired from the firm, and later his bro- ther also retired, and In'ing carried on the busi- ness alone. In 1880 he went into the employ of the Pawtucket Gas Co. as assistant super- intendent, with full charge of the works, which position he now holds. In 1864 he joined the fire department of Central Falls. For many years he was hose director of the Pacific Engine Company until the organization of the permanent department in 1877, \vhen he became first chief engineer and has since sen-ed in that capacity. The present efficiency of the Central Falls fire department is mainl\- due to his skill and ability. In politics he is a Republican. He attends the Central Falls Congregational church. He belongs to the Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, A. O. U. \V., the Ancient Essenic Order, Massachu- setts State Firemen's A.ssociation, Inter- Na- tional Association of Fire Chiefs of the United States and Canada, which he has served as vice president, representing the state of Rhode Island. He was married to Rose Anna Tem- pleton, of Pawtucket, by which union there are four children : Everett Irving, Herbert Francis, Clifton Temijleton, Eester Davenport. PAYNE, Charles, was born in Nun Eaton, Warwickshire, England, in 1819, came to Am- erica when a young man and settled at Paw- tucket. In companx with Jude Taylor he established, in 1849, the firm of Payne & Taylor, engravers for calico printers. The firm carried on this business for many years, until with the coming into use of the pantograph engraving machines, the engraving was done on the i)rem- ises of each printworks. Payne & Taylor, how- ever, branched out in their own factory, on East avenue, into the manufacture of hair cloth about 1863, and the firm continued to carry on this industry here until 1893, when the business was consolidated with the Pawtucket Hair Cloth Co., under the name of the American Hair Cloth Co. Charles Payne died in 1869. He had a family of ten children, all but one of whom are now living and are active and promi- nent in the community: (ieorge W., b. June 30, 1843; Charles B., b. March, 1845; James R., b. 1S47: Amy T., b. 1849, married Henry A. vSmitli, carpenter and contractor; William E., b. 1857, now a marketman; Aiuiie N., b. 1853, married Frank Hodge, but is now a widow; Byron C, b. 1855, now of the firm of Olney & Payne Bros.; Ella M., b. 1S57, mar- ried George Olney of the firm of Olney &^ Payne Bros.; John Milton, b. 1857, and now also of the firm of Olney & Payne Bros. ; and Rachel K., b. 1863, who died in infancy. Charles B. and James R. succeeded to their father's interest in the firm of Paj'ue & Taylor, but since the formation of the American Hair Cloth Co., they have retired from active business. PAYNE, George Witheridge, the oldest son of Charles Payne, attended the public schools of Pawtucket until he was 13 years old. He then went to work in the engraving shop of Payne & Taylor, where he remained for about two j-ears. In 1861 he began a three years' apprenticeship at house carjjentering with Andrew R. Slade. Here he continued to work until 1865, when he formed a partnership under the name of Holmes & Payne and began the manufacture of cotton machinery. This firm continued for one year, when Mr. Holmes .sold out and the concern then became Payne & Mathewson, and was conducted under that title for 14 years, until the death of Thomas A. Mathewson, when it became Geo. W. Payne & Co., George M. Planning purchasing the interest of the late partner. The shop, in 1S65, was on 4o8 I L L U S T R A TI ■; D HIST ( ) R V O 1-^ PA W T U C K 1 •. T . the bank of the river on the west side between the upper and lower dams, where the mills of the Littlefield Manufacturing Co. now stand, and was a room 45 by 90 feet. After two \xars a larger shop was secured in a building which stood on a portion of the ground now occupied by the electric power station, and here Ihc industry was carried on for 14 years. I "or twn years thereafter rooms in the Payne iS; Taxlor factory on Hast avenue were occupied, and in February, 1883, the firm removed to the jMescnt quarters, 106 Broad street. The shops now occupy a floor space of 150 by 50 feet and an ell 50 by 30 feet, and about 50 men are employed. Cotton and woolen machin- ery are manufactured, and the specialties are spoolers and hosiery winders and quillers. Mr. Payne was married to Julia McQuestin in 1865. She died March, 1876. In 1S77 he was married to Sarah Frank Balkcom. By the first marriage there were four children : Lillian K., b. July 7, lived to be six years old : Charles, b. Aug., 1868; Carrie, b. April, 1870; James Manton, b. 1872. By the second marriage there were three children: Jude T., b. 1S78 ; Clinton F., b. 1882; Alice, b. 1SS8. PAYNE, J. Milton, was born in Pawtuckct, Sept. 22, 1859, and is the son of Charles and Ke/.iah (Bindley) Payne. He received his education in the Church Hill grammar school, Pawtucket ; at Mowry & Goff's English and Classical school. Classical Department, Provi- dence, class of 1878; and at Brown University, from which he was graduated in 1882. March I, 1884, in company with his brother Byron C. Payne and George B. Olney, he organized the firm of Olney & Payne Bros., which has become one of the largest concerns dealing in coal brick, lime and cement in Pawtucket. The house has a large coal pocket and dock on the wharf belonging tf) the Conant Thrcail Co. on the west side of the ri\L-r. Mr. Payne is a prominent Rej)ublican. He is vice-president and on the executive committee of the (iarfield Clul), and has been a delegate to many political con\-entions. He is a director of the Pacific National Bank and of the Pawtucket Mutual Fire Insurance Co., is a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, and of the To Kalon Club. In religion he is a I^i)is- copalian. For years he has taken a very active jiart in secret and fraternal .societies. He joined Good Samaritan Lodge, No. 8, I. O. O. F., October, 1883, and was Grand Master of Rhode Island, I. O. O. F. in 1893. He is a member of Union Lodge, No. 10, .\. 1-". and A. M., Paw- tucket Royal Arch Chapter, Pawtucket Council Royal and Select Masters, Holy Sepulchre Com- nuuuk-ry. Knights Templars, Palestine Tenqile .\. A. (). N. M. S. He was married June 24, 1S83, to Eva L. Spink, and the}- have one son. PECK, George Calvin, was born Nov. 19, 1856, at Medway, Mass., and is the second child of Jerome B. and Mary Ann (Adams) Peck. He attended the public schools at Hyde Park until he was 14 years old, when he began to learn the art of photography, but poor health compelled him to abandon that profession. He then went to work in a jewelrj' store and learned the trade of a v^-atch repairer, which he followed for six years. In 1878 he came to Pawtucket and with a capital of $100 opened a "5 and 10 cents store" on North Main street. The busi- ness prospered, and in 1892 he opened a depart- ment store in the Sheldon block on North Union street. In 1S94 he admitted Arthur O. Bourne to partnership, under the style of (leorge C. Peck & Co. GEORGE C. PECK, OF QEORGE C. PECK A CO. HIOGRAPHIES. 409 Mr. Peck is a member of the Park Place Congregational church and is a teacher in llie Sabbath school. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and tlu- Pawtucket Busi- ness Men's A.s.sociation. In politics he is a Republican. June, I.S82, he was married to Agnes M., daughter of Enoch Trafton, of Paw- tucket. PEIRCE, Clarence Eugene, was born in Providence, Nov. 30, 1863, and is the youngest child of I{dwin James and Nancy Carjjenter (Wheeler) Peirce. The name Peirce is borne b\- a number of families in America, is spelled in a \ariet\- of wa\ s, and is supposed to be derived from the old P^nglish family of Percy. Several immigrants of the name are known to have settled in America, and genealogies have been published of the descendants of Michael Pierce of Scituate, Mass.; John Pers of Water- town, Mass.; Thomas Pierce of Charlestown, Mass.; Richard Pearce of Portsmouth, R. I.: Abraham Peirce of F'reetown, Mass., and Robert Pierce of Dorchester, Mass. The de- scendants of all these immigrants cannot now be clearly traced and their relationship to each other is only partially known. The ancestors of Clarence E. were Thomas and Elizabeth Peirce who came to America in i633-4and settled at Charlestown, Mass., in 1635. Jabez Peirce, his great-grandfather, was a cord- waiuer (shoemaker), at Plainfield, Conn., but afterward came to Providence and was a mer- chant there. In the Providence Gazette and Country Journal of June 12, 1767, he had the following unique advertisement : " Jabez Peirce, west of the Great Bridge, op- posite Dr. Samuel Carew's in Providence, begs leave to inform the public that he has lately sup- plied his shop with a neat assortment of goods ju.st imported from London, via Boston, and as his goods came to hand much cheaper than any before, he makes no doubt if purchasers will give themselves the trouble to call at his shop, they will be satisfied without traveling through the sand hill to look further." Jabez Peirce spent the evening of his life at Dightou, Mass., where he died June 21, 17S2. He was a private in the companj- of Captain Henry 'Pews, Colonel John Hathaway's regi- ment, in 17X0, during the revolutionary war. His homestead in Providence was on the north side of Weybo.sset street, ju.st above Mathewson street. The following is the obituary of the wife of Jabez Peirce : Died at Dightou on the 3d inst., Mrs. Mary Peirce, relict of the late Mr. Jabez Peirce, formerly of this town, in the 73d year of her age ; after a long life of complicated afflic- tion, which she bore with Christian fortitude." — Rhode Island American, OcP. 8, 1813. The grandfather of Clarence E. was Thomas Peirce, a farmer in Dightou and Seekonk, and his father, who was born in Rehoboth, is a car- penter and pattern-maker. Clarence E. attended the public schools of Providence, and the Misses Hill's private school, until he was 16 years old. April 14, 1879, he went to work in the office of the American Screw Co., where he contiiuied until the latter part of Oct. 1889, when he became private secretarj' to Hezekiah Conant, which position he still holds. In politics Mr. Peirce is a Republican. He attends St. Stephen's Episcopal church. Providence. In 1893 he was married in Spring- field, Mass., to Belle Simonds, daughter of Kibbe Vashni Chapin, of Somers, Conn., and they have one child, Kibbe Chapin Peirce. Mr. Peirce is verj- much interested in local historical and genealogical studies, and has been at work for years compiling a genealogy of the Wheeler family. PERRIN, Edwin A.— In 1635 John Perrin, aged 21, came from London, England, to Brain- tree, Mass., on board the .ship "Safety," John Grant, master. He came with the Rev. Samuel Newman to Rehoboth in 1644, received a grant of land and became one of the founders of the town. He is buried in the old graveyard at what was orignially the " Ring of the Town," now in East Providence. Tlie line of descent to Edwin A. is as follows: John, the founder of the family, b. in England about 1614, d. in Rehoboth, Sept. 13, 1674; John, his son; Daniel, b. March iS, 1682, d. March 20, 1754; Daniel, b. Feb. 10, 171 1, d. Maj' 24, 1740; David, b. Oct. 20, 1739, d. Feb. 15, 1S25; 4IO 1 I,I,rSTR ATlvl) HISTORY ()!• I'AW T I' C K 1':T. Thoiiuis, 1). March i, 176S, d. Nov. S, 1S06 ; Aiiuisa, 1). March 5, 1S05, d. Ma.\- 7, 1S60. I'or years this branch ol the- I'crriii lainily li\cd ill and around Rchoboth. The iiuinhcr of times the name is mentioned in the local history shows what positions they held in the adminis- tration of the town governiiient. March 1 , 1768, Thomas Perrin was born al Rchobotli, Mass. He was a farmer and his farm was made up of land that had dcscciideSept. if^). I ■'^53, he was married to Sarah N. Gray of I'roxidence, 1)\' which union there are five children: William II., h. l"eh. 15, 1853; George, b. Nov. 14, 1857; .Sarah M., li. Dec. 5, i860; Charles F., b. Aug. 16, 1868 : Stiuire Z., Jr., b. Nov. 24, 187 1. Mr. Phinne\'s parents were l)orn in Harwick, Mass.: his father Jan. 10, 1794, and his mother July 28, 1797 : and they came from the best stock of the linglish immigrants who settled at Cape Cod. PIERCE, Alonzo Earle, was born in Calais, Washington County, Vermont, July 12, 1838, and is the second child of Stephen and Polly (Ide) Pearce. He is descended from Captain Michael Pierce who came to America about 1645, settled in Scituate, Mass., and was the commander of the company of Englishmen and friendly Indians who were ambushed by the Indians, March 26, 1676, on the east bank of the Blackstone river between Central Falls and Valley Falls. Captain Pierce and nearly all his men were slain and this disastrous engage- ment is known historically as " Pierce's fight." Alonzo E. attended the common schools of his native town, the Morri.sville, \"t., Academy, the Newbury Seminary, and prepared for col- lege in the New Union school, Montpelier, \'t. Instead however of taking a collegiate course he went into the army at the age of 23. W'hile his schooling did not terminate until that time he had charge of the home farm from the age of 17, when his father died. June id, 1861, he enlisted in the 3d regiment, \'ermont infantry, in which he served until Dec. 14, 1863. His regiment was a part of the 2d brigade, 2d divi- BIOGRAPHIES. 417 sion 6th army corps, under General Franklin, and was known as the Vermont brigade. He participated in all the battles in which the army of the Potomac was engaged during his term of service, including Antietam, Fredericksburg and Gettsyburg. He enlisted as a private, but was commissioned second lieutenant and promoted to the rank of captain. While in front of Lee's ami)' at the battle of Gettsyburg his company was ordered to take a position on the left of Rounn Top Mountain in response to an order to send a trusty company from the Vermont brigade. This was on the evening of July 4, 1863, and the object was to keep a watch on Gen. Lee's movements, who was supposed to have a design of flanking the Union forces. Capt. Pierce's companj- was about half a mile beyond the lines and his men were spread out over a di.stance of nearl)- half a mile, and were actualh- serving as vedettes. Captain Pierce came to Pawtucket in the spring of 1865, and went to work in November of the same year for Je.sse S. Thornton & Co., coal dealers, in their office as bookkeeper, and remained with tliem and their successors until July, 1SS2, wlien lie- took a position with the Fales & Jenks Machine Co., as bookkeeper, and in 1890 became chief clerk and pa^'master. These positions he .still holds. In politics Captain Pierce is a Republican. For two years he served in the Pawtucket town council, and in the city council represented the fourth ward from 1886 to 1888 and the third ward from 1891 to 1S94. From 1892 to 1894 he was president of the council. He is also a trustee of the public library and a member of the school committee. He attends the Park Place Congregational church, belongs to Tower Post, No. 17, G. A. R., is a member of Pawtucket Council, American Legion of Honor, and of Pawtucket Lodge, No. 130, New England Order of Protection. .Sejit. 20, 1865, he was married to Nellie Amanda White, daughter of Jacob and Clarissa White, who died Jan. 25, 1S93 ; by this union there are three children : Alton Lyman, b. Sept. 8, 1867, now bookkeeper for Fales & Jenks Machine Co., Howard liarle, b. Nov. 26, 1870, now clerk in the office of the co.mmissiouer of public works ; Irene Alice, b. Dec. 18, 1875, a teacher in the public schools. Capt. Pierce was married to Celia Fallen Bradford, Nov. 26, 1896. PIERCE, Henry A., .son of Sanford R. and Betse)' (Fairbrother) Pierce was born March 12, 1846, in Pawtucket. He was educated in the common and high schools of Pawtucket, supple- mented by a course in a commercial college at Providence. During the war of the rebellion he served as a private in the 9th Rhode Island Infantry \'olunteers, was commissary-sergeant of the Pawtucket Light Guard, and ser\-ed on staff duty in the Rhode Island militia, as cap- tain, major, and as colonel upon the staff of the late Governor Littlefield. He was town auditor of Pawtucket, was al.so one of the assessors, and served as clerk of the board. For seven years he was treasurer of St. Paul's church. In .Masonr\- he has been master of Union Lodge and commander of Holy Sepulchre Command- ery. From 1884 to 1S94 he was assistant finan- cial .secretary of the United States Senate, Washington, D. C. He is now treasurer and general manager of the Pawtucket Electric Co. PIERCE, Sanford R., younge.st son of George Augustus and Lucretia (Carpenter) Pierce, was born in the town of Cumberland, R. I., Oct. 16, 1819, and died May 31, 1893. He was descended from Richard Pierce of York, luigland, who was one of the first settlers of Portsmouth, R. I. Sanford came to Pawtucket when 15 years old, worked for a time in the store of David LeFavour, and then learned to be a tailor with Gideon L. Spencer. Soon after completing his apprenticeship he engaged in business in Providence, and in 1845, in company with his brother Nathaniel, started a tailoring business in Pawtucket, in the Adams building, corner of Main street and East avenue. In February. 1S50, the busine.ss was removed to the .Vmos M. Read building, then ju.st com- pleted, and in this store Mr. Pierce carried on his industry for more than 42 years. He became a member of St. Paul's PZjiisco- pal church in 1830, was elected one of the vestry in 1851, junior warden in 1854, and was senior warden from 1868 to 1872. I'ntil his death he continued in the office of vestryman and was 4if ILLL'STRATK D HISTORY OF I'AWTUCKl-T for many years the oldest in service on the board. May 3, 1S47, he was elected a director of the Sunday school and held that position for many years. From 1857 to 1S74 he was sui)er- intendent of the Sunday school. Dec. 29, iSgi, he had an attack of extreme exhaustion, some- what like a paralytic stroke, (rum wliii-h he never fully recovered. March 21, 1S42, he was married to Hetsey, ouI\ (laui;hter of Jarvis and Betsey (F^ield) F'airbrother, and they had (\v<; children, George S., Henry A., Clara R. ( l^)urlint;aine): Lizzie F'icid, d. May 22, 1.S63, and Anna Laura, d. Ma>- I J, 1864. POHLSON, Carl Vilhelm, dealer in fine ph()togra])h\' and ])icture Iranies in the Pacific Bank building-, Pawtucket, was born in Sweden, where he attended the schools and academies until he was 17 years old, after which he traveled over Europe, South America and C.er- many. He came to the Ihiited States in 1S87 and located in Boston, Mass., where he at first engaged in mercantile life, but afterward learned the art of photograjjlix . He <)l)tained his experi- ence with Hastings and with Notnian, the lead- ing artistic photographers of Boston, and also with Rose, and with the Hortnn Brothers of Providence, and last with I,ouis M. Jackson, who had .studios in Providence and Pawtucket. In 1895 Mr. Pohlson purchased Mr. Jack.son's Pawtucket studio, which he now owns and oper- ates on the top floor of the Pacific Bank build- ing. The establishment is locally known as the " Maple .Studio," and is one of the best ap- pointed ]ihotogra])h parlors in New England. Mr. Pohlson possesses the taste of the born artist, which in condiinalion with his superior practical knowledge of the photographic art, assures high grade work, as is attested b)- the illustrations shown in this book, the majority of which, especially the portraits, were made by photo-engraving from his photographs. POOLE, Henry, was born Dec. 10, 186;,, in Halifax, N'orkshire, Ivnghuid, and is the si.xth child of Richard ICdward and Eliza (I)ood) I'dole. He came to America in 1887. In 188S he began business as a shoemaker at 23 High street, Pawtucket, but removed in 1896 to his present location, 150 Main street. In jiolitics he is a Re]niblican, belongs to the Methodistchurch, and is a member of the Sons of St. (icorge. In 1883 he was nuirried to Selina Lockwood of Stockport, luigland, by which union there are two children: William Henry, b. in ,'^tock])orl, 1884 ; FUhel, 1). Pawtucket, 1890. POTTER, James C, president of the How- ard >.\: liullough American Machine Co., Ltd.. was l)()rn in Scotland, May, 1855, and is the oldest and only surviving son of James and Elizabeth (Johnstone) Potter. His ancestors were Scotch in both branches of the family, the father's side of the house hailing from Lochgilp- head in Argyleshire, and the mother's side from Bridge-of-Allan in »Stirling.shire. The father, who was of an inventive turn of mind and was al.so a mechanic, came to this country in 1872. He resided in Philadelphia for two years and then went to Lowell, Mass., where he lived until the time of his death in 1884. His son James and the mother joined the lather by coming to this country in 1874. The mother, an extremeh' bright and energetic woman is still alive and resides in Lowell. James C. was educated at the Mechanics Institute, Glasgow, and his first employment was with H. J. H. King i.\: Co., experimental engineers, Glasgow, as a mechanical and experi- mental engineer. Later he was in the engineer- ing department of the Anchor Line vSteamship Co., and afterwards had charge of one of the departments of The \'ale of Clyde Engineering Works. On coming to this country he was appointed manager of the Whitehead eS: Ather- ton Machine Co., at Lowell, Mass. In i8,sj lie started the Potter and .Vthertnn Machine Co. at Pawtucket with 20 men, and ir. si.x \ears has 250 men on the pay roll. In 1893 he organ- ized the Howard & Bidlough American Machine Co., Ltd., at Pawtucket, now cmi)loying about 1000 men (for an account of this enterprise see page 148 of this history). Mr. Potter is also the inventor of fifty or sixty patents on textile machiner\-, nearly all of which are in operation to-day. While in Scotland he was a member of the 5th Battalion of the Royal Rifles — a volunteer organization. H. R. CAULFIELD AND MANAGER FOUB YEARS. 420 ILLUSTRATHD HISTORY OF 1' A \VT UC K IvT. He is a nieniber of all the Masonic bodies in Pawtucket, and aUends the Congregational cluirch. His mental endowments and trained mind, united with his superior aptitude for ])rac- tical undertakings, has fitted him for the man- agement of great industrial uiulertakings and has enabled him to rise from the ranks to the position he now occupies. In 1879 he was mar- ried in Baltimore, Md., to Charlotte Holland, b\- which union there are six children : Wallace and Clara born in Lowell, and Chailolte, h'liza- beth, James and Mar\- l)orn in I'awtucket. PRATT, Gilbert Walker, was born in Taun- ton, Mass., Feb. 17, 1.S33, and is the oldest son of Ebenezer Walker and Abigail (Lincoln) Pratt. His father was born in Taunton, Oct. 13, 1S02, and died there in i8iS6, and his mother, who is still living, was born in Taunton, May 29, 1804. Mr. Pratt is descended in the eighth generation from Matthew Pratt, one of the lirst settlers of Weymouth, Mass., and also traces his descent from the Widow Walker of Relio- both, who with two sons came from England in 1635. Imh- generations the Walker family was prominent in Rehoboth, and the Pratts have been numerous and prominent in many towns of the Old Colony. Gilbert W. received his education at the Taunton Academy and at the high school, and was graduated from the latter when 18 >ears old. He then went to work in the Mason Ma- chine Works, Taunton, where he remained for 16 years, during this time advancing step by step until he had charge of a department of the works. In 1866 he came to work as master mechanic for the Lonsdale Co., where he has continued ever since. In 1874 he was appointed assistant superintendent, but on the retirement of Mr. George Kilburn, in 1878, who was gen- eral superintendent of the company for many years, Mr. Pratt was advanced to that position, which he still continues to fill. He is an active member of Christ church, (Flpiscopal) Lonsdale. He belongs to the Pawtucket Busi- ness Men's Association, and is a member of Holy Sepulchre Commanderx', I'awtucket. May 20. 1855, he was married to Sarah A. Lincoln in Taunton, and they have three children, all born in Taunton: Liz/ie F., b. Jan. 17, 1857 ; Carrie I'., 1). A])ril 17, 1862; Charles G., b. Jan. 9, 1865. PRAY, George Washington, was born in Killingly, Conn., in 1858, and was the oldest child of Daniel and Mary F. (Parkhurst) Pray. His father was a cotton mill superintendent in a number of places, and w^as very successful in that difTicult business. George attended the public schools of Danielsonville until he was 13 years old, after which he worked for three years as a clerk in a hardware store in that village. In 1873 he came to Pawtucket and worked under his father for three years in the mills of the Slater Cotton Co. He then went to work in 1878 for Charles Clougli the jeweler, and learned the trade of a jeweler and w-atchmaker. For 15 )ears after learning his trade he worked for W . W. Dexter as a watchmaker and re])airer. In 1S93 he opened a jeweler's store at 9 High street, and in 1S94 removed to 211 Main street, where in March, 1895, he was burned out. He, however, reopened in the same location when the structure was rebuilt, and .still carries on his store there. He makes a specialty of fine jewelry and watch repairing and carries a fine stock of high-class jewelr\', watches and clocks. Mr. Pray was married, Aug. 4, 1886, to Annie Iv Boss, and they have three children : Mildred, George B., and Helen. PRIOR, Andrew, son of John ami Julia Prior, was born in 1S51 at Providence, where he attended the public schools. In 1864 he entered the employ of William Davidson, proprietor of the Franklin Dye House, where he has since remained. Wlien Mr. Davidson retired in 1879, he succeedetl U> the Ijusiness. The business prospered and to better meet the demands of Pawtucket patrons he opened a branch at 334 Main street. The I''ranklin I)\e House is now an institution in the two cities of Providence and Pawtucket and nurils and ri-ceives its (|uota of patronage. QUIQG, Alfred William, was born Ajiril 21, 1857, in Worcester Count)-, .Maivland. He was educated at Washington College, Chester- town, Md. Poor health precluded him from continuing his studies, and when 18 years old he went to Wyoming and secured employment BIOGRAPHIES, 421 as a cowboy, which occupation he followed for seven years. He then returned to New York and connected himself with the New York Life Insurance Co., and in 1S89 was appointed agent of the company at Pawtucket, and in 1896 gen- eral agent for Rhode Island, which position he now holds, with offices in Providence. In poli- tics he is a Republican. He attends the Metho- dist church. In 18S9 he was married to Mellee Julia Ireland of New York, by which union there are three children: John Biddle, b. Jan. 29, 1890; Louise, b. March iS, 1892; Mildred, b. Feb. 9, 1895. The paternal grandparents of Mr. Quigg were Isaiah, b. in Scotland, in 1799, d. in New Jensey in 1870, and Harriett Arnan, b. in Scot- land, 1798, and d. in New Jersey in 1873. Rev. John Bolton Ouigg, father of Alfred \V., was b. in Philadelphia, Aug. 3, 1827. It was mainly through his efforts that the Wilmington Conference Academy was established, he having secured more than $50,000 for its erection. Rev. Howard Townsend Quigg, of Bryn Mawr, Pa., and Lemuel Ely Quigg, editor of the New York Press and congressman from the city of New York, are brothers to Alfred. QUINN, William H., son of Henry and Catherine (Hoops) Uuinn, was born in Hook- set, N. H., Marcli 12, 1839, and received his education in the district schools. His first occupation was in a cotton mill. He enlisted as a private in Company A, 8th regiment New Hampshire Infantry, Sept. 13, 1861, at Nashua, N. H., and was mustered into .service Oct. 23, the same year at Manchester, N. H. He was with Butler's expedition, which arrived at Shi]) Island, Miss., March, 1862, and was engaged in all the actions of the Department of the Gulf. At Port Hudson, La., he was wounded. He reenli.sted. May 27, 1863, as first sergeant, Coni- panj' B, 8th regiment N. H. Volunteers, and was honorably discharged at \'icksburg. Miss., Oct. 28, 1865. He was afterwards conunissioncd by and served the state of New Hampshire, and later was commissioned to and served the state of Rhode Island. Mr. Ouinn is proprietor of the Cil\ Wall Pajjer House, 440 High street. Central l''alls, R. I., and also deals in white leads, oils, var- nishes, glass, and painters materials. In poli- tics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Broad Street Baptist church ; belongs to Good Samaritan Lodge, I. O. O. F. ; Manchester luicampnient ; Florence Lodge, D. of R.; and the Odd Fellows Beneficial Association. He was a prominent member of the fire department, and is now a member of the Central Falls Vet- eran Firemen's Association. Jan. 6, 1859. he was married to .Sarah M. Parkes of Nashua, N. H. READ, John Blalportunit\' for obtaining an early education was limited. When a little over seven years of age he went to work in a mill, where he remained until he was 13 years old. Then he went to night .school for one \ear, after which he was apprenticed for seven years to Joseph Thacker, an iron and brass founder at Ashton-under-Lyne, Lanca- shire. On the exjiiration of his term of indenture, l)eing possessed of a thorough knowledge of the moulder's art, he determined to trv his fortunes 424 I LI, r ST rati; I) history of pawttckI'T in a new field, and came to Fawtucket. He first worked as a moulder in an old foundry that stood on the site now occupied by the city pipe j'ard. He then sought employment at some other occupation, and for the next two years devoted his time to the fittiiii; u[) dI siorcs, and also to umbrella manufacturing. He then started a brass foundry, which he finally sold to Nehe- miah Lee, who carried on the business in Pawtucket for a number of Ntars. Later, in Providence, he worked for Louis P. Mead, and also for George B. Holmes, at the Phenix foundry, until the spring of 1846, when he erected his present homestead on what was called " Seekonk Plains." During the sununer of that year he worked at iMcderick Fuller's foundry at I'ox Point. .\ \ ear later he engaged himself with Amos C. Harstow. who was then about to undertake Corliss & Nightingale's foundrv work, the}- having a machine shop at India Puint. He remained with Mr. Parstow about II \'ears, and turned out several " jire- mium " jobs, one of which was the sample for the fence that surrounded the old co\-e, by which the A. C. P>arstow Co. secured the con- tract. He was also one of the organizers of the Pawtucket Furnace Co., in 1S53. During all this time he had apjilied himself closely to study, and had remedied the deficien- cies of his early education. The haljils of study thus acquired became fixed, and when ,^7 years old he commenced to study law and later was admitted to the bar. He opened an office in the old Franklin IJank building, and on the death of the late Wellington Kent succeeded to his business, enjoying a large and lucrative practice until he retired in i8pe, believing that the office should .seek the man rather than the man the office. He held every office in the town, including the judgeship of the district and probate courts, some of them many years in succession, often being on as many as three and four tickets at a time, \et never solicited an office during his jiolitical ex- perience. He is imbued with broad and liberal ideas on all questions and is much intercsteil in ])hilosophical speculation. His views on reli- gious subjects and his bold advocacy of them have involved him in many discussions and led to debates with the Rev. George Montgomery West, and later with the Rev. Messrs. Crandall and Grisvvold, opposing both of them in a joint discussion, at M>-stic Bridge, Conn., which lasted 4S hours. March 2y, 1840, he was married to Mary Ashton of Duckinfield, Cheshire, at Stockport, Ivngland, and 1)y this union there were eight children: John William, b. Sept. 4, 1841, d. Oct., 1842; Hliza, b. Jul\ 17, 1844, d. Aug. 14, 1844; Fvlizabeth, b. Feb. 12, 1846; William Corbett, b. Oct. 17, 1850, d. F'eb. 12, 1853; Mary Eleanor, b. I-'eb. 11, 1854; Thomas Wil- liam, b. March 23, 1856; Alice Amelia, b. Oct. 3, 1859- ROBINSON, Thomas William, attorney and cdunselliir-at-law, was born March 23, 1856, at Pawtucket, and is the sixth child of Thomas and Mary (Ashton) Robinson. He attended the public schools of Pawtucket and was gradu- ated from the Bryant & Stratton Business College, Providence, in 1874. For the two succeeding years he read law in the office of Blodgett «& Clapp, and then took a course at the Boston University Law School, from which he was graduated in 1877. In 1878 he associated with his father in the practice of law and located in the ( Ud l'"ranklin l^ank building, and now has an oflice in Cole's block on Main street, where he conducts his practice alone, his lather having retired in 1889. In politics Mr. Robinson is a Democrat. In 1885 he was a member of the Pawtucket town council and represented the city in the General Assembly for the years 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1892, 1893; and was solicitor for the town of Lincoln in 1892 and 1893. As a residt of his ])ublic life and wide experience Mr. Robinson is recognized as an able lawyer and has an exten- sive and varied practice. He belongs to Court Citv of Pawtucket, Ancient Order of I'oresters, and Pro\-itIence Lodge, No. 14, B. P. O. V.. Nov. 3, 1881, he was married to Mary I{. Tetlow, of Provi- dence, by which union there are two children : 15 1 (J GRAPHICS. 425 ],illi:iii H., b. Oct. f^o, iSS;, ; Marion, b. Oct. 27, iS85. ROGERS, Carlos Ladd, cki)Uty sheriff, was born Dec. 22, 1844, in Stanstead, Quebec, Canada, aiul is the eighth child of Philij) and Louisa (Moullon) Rogers. He alternated between attending school and working on his father's farm until he was iS years old. He then spent five or six years in the state of Ver- mont and in 1867 came to Pawtucket, where he secured a situation as lumber inspector, which he retaiued until 1876, when with Julius C. Rhodes, he established a hardware and house furnishing business at 13 and 15 North Main street. In 1877 Mr. Rhodes retired and Mr. Rogers conducteil the business alone until 1883, when he engaged in the auctioneering and gen- eral collecting business, his present occupations. March 12, 1889, he was appointed deputy sheriff, which pcsition he now holds. He is considered an independent in politics. He belongs to Pawtucket Council, No. 614, American Legion of Honor, Pawtucket Lodge, No. i, A. O. U. W., and New England Order of Protection. He has occupied the offices of sealer of weights and measures and of town sergeant. Jan. 28, 1872, he was married to Clara E., daughter of the late Smith Grant, of Central Falls, by which union there are three children ; Mary Louise, Clara Elsie and Ada. ROUNDS, Horatio M., .son of Eron H. and Adeline (Davis) Rounds, was born in 1826 at Attleboro, Mass., where he alternatelj^ attended school and worked on a farm until he was 18 years old. In Seekonk he learned the wheel- wright trade and worked at it in Foxboro for a year. In 1847 he came to Pawtucket and was employed by G. W. Everett & Co., carriage builders, where he remained for five j-ears. From 1852 to 1854 he worked for R. Bliss & Co. He then .started in business for himself at his present location. No. i Church street. His carriages and vehicles have brought him a reputation for thorough workmanship and his business has prospered. In politics he is a Republican. He attends Park Place church. He belongs to Enterprise Lodge, I. O. O. F. In 1 85 1 he was married to Jane A. Bruce of Attleboro, b\' which union there are three chil- dren : Ivlmira 1). and Ivldora B. (twins), and Annie B. The Rounds faniil\ originated in England, but (or many generations have lived in Attle- boro, where the grandfather and father of Horatio were l)orn and lived. "THE ROUSHANIERE," a family and transient hotel, is located on Maple street near Main street, Pawtucket, and is patronized by those who like home comforts. The hotel is conducted by Mrs. M. E. White who personally supervises the establishment. It has 60 guest chambers and is operated on the American plan. Rates, $1.25 per day ; by the week, $6.50. Its location is in the central part of the city and is convenient to the railroad station and to the theatres. ROWBOTHAM, Robert William, was born March 28, 1867, in Boston, Mass. His parents removed to Valley Falls and later to Pawtucket, where he attended the public schools until he was 16 jears old, when he went into the employ of N. P. Hicks, manufacturer of ring travelers. Later he worked for George H. Fuller, and subsequently worked for the Linton Paper Co. and the American File Co., respectively. He learned the plumbing trade with the I'nion vSteam & Gas Pipe Co. He was employed at his trade by the Richmond Paper Co. He then entered the employ of George H. Fuller & Son, where he remained until 1895, when in connec- tion with his brother, Everett John, he started the business of nickel plating, under the name of the Pawtucket Nickel Plating Co., with works in the Tingley building at the corner of Olive and Broad streets. The plant is well equipped and has facilities to do all kinds of nickel plating, brass and iron fini.shing, and is the only establishment of its kind in this vicinity. In politics Mr. Rowbotham is independent. He is a member of the Congregational church, and belon.gs to the Knights of Pythias. Sept. 18, 1890, he was married to Elizabeth Hynes, of Pawtucket, by which union there is one child. Ivverett Leroy. His father was born in Manchester, Eng., March 12, 1833, and died Dec. 9, 1892. His mother is living. 426 I IJ.rSTk ATi;i) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. RUSSELL, Henry H., fourth child of Vau- iiioiis and Myria (Leonard) Russell, was l)oin March S, 1S40, at vSunderland, Mass., where he attended the public schools, and finished his education at the Powers Institute, Harnards- town, Mass. His first occujjation was on a farm. He then worked in dry good stores at Greenlield and .\inhc'rst, Mass. In 1861 he located in Pawtucket and conducted a hook and periodical store. Later he was ajipointed agent for the Larle express. In 1S66 he became interested with .\. L. Childs and conducted the ice business under the firm name of A. L. Childs & Co. Mr. Russell was the Co. The title of the firm was several times changed owing to change of partners. During all these vicissitudes Mr. Russell was manager of the concern. In 1890 the busine.ss was incorporated under the name of the Pawtucket Ice Co., with offices at 116 Main street, and Mr. Russell was elected general manager and treasurer, which positions he now holds. In politics he is a Republican. In 1885 he was married to Susan Eddj' of Provi- dence. Mr. Russell is descended from an old New England family and can trace his ancestry back for many generations. In Sunderland, Mass., stands an old house in which five gen- erations of the Russell family were born. RYAN, John M., the son of Michael and Catherine (Harding) Ryan, was born in Grants- town, Count\ Tipperary, Ireland, June 24, 1834. He landed in New York city. May 21, 1850, and with the exception of a short residence in the state of New \''ork has since resided in Rhode Island. In 1862 he engaged in the dr\- goods and grocery trade at Lonsdale, R. I. In 1866 he bought the Amos Ballon farm at .\sli- ton, in the town of Cumberland, and in iSdy removed his residence from Lonsdale to that place, which he has since made his home. In 1867 he sold out his Lonsdale business and built a large and commodious store at Ashton, where he now carries on an extensive gen- eral store. In 1883 he built the new store which he now occupies. Mr. Ryan's education was obtained in private and public schools in Ireland. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He has been trustee of St. Joseph's Catholic W«K # church for 15 years and gave the laiul n])cin which the church edifice stands. He owns a large amount of real estate. Mr. Ryan is a Democrat, and has taken a leading part in Cumberland town politics. He was elected a member of the town council in 1887, 1888, 1890, and 1 89 1, and was trustee of Ashton public school in 1885 and again in 1889. He repre- sented the town of Cumberland as state .senator in the Rhode Island General As.sembly in 1893 and 1894. In 1854 he was married to Mary h'inn, and they have had six children, four of whom are living: Michael (deceased), John P., (deceased), Katie, I{lizabeth, Minnie, and Josie. St. GERMAIN, N. Edouard Ponton de, n. D., fourth child of P.enoit and I'sther Ponton de vSt. Germain, was born July 3, 1856, in the Province of Quebec where he received his earlj- schooling. In 1872 he came to Pawtucket and found employment for sometime with John Ken- yon, manufacturer of laces; and then, in iSSo, he went to Paris, France, where he studied medicine and pharmacy. In 1887 he returned lo Pawtucket, and after passing an examination before the state board of pharmacy, opened a drug store and office at 68 Broad street. In Jul\-. 1895, he moved to his present quarters on Rail- HENRY A. STEAR^4S -PRESIDENT AND SUPERINTENDENT UNION WADDING CO. LIEUTEN VERNOR RHODE ISLAND 1890-1: BIOGR AI'H I 1-:S. 427 road avenue, near Broad street. His store is neatly appointed, is well stocked and is patron- ized l)y the high-class trade. In jiolitics Dr. St. Germain is a Democrat. He is a niendier of the Improved Order of Red Men, the Knights of Pythias, the Elks, and the R. I. Pharmaceutical Association. May 15, iSyj, he was married to Iphygenie LaSalle, b\' which union there was one child, Martin Louis Edouard, b. Dec. 8, 1894. He had been married twice before, liut from these unions there were no children. Dr. St. Germain is descended from an old French Canadian family, and his father was the son of Peter Ponton de St. Germain, who was condemned to death by the English government for the prominent ])art he took in the rebellion against English rule in 1836, but was ultimately pardoned by the governor. His mother's ancestors were among the early settlers of the Province of Quebec. SAWYER, John D., fourth child of Freeman John and Augusta Miriam (Pitcher) Sawyer, was born Aug. 31, 1867, at Canton, Ma.ss., where he attended school until he was 14 years old. He obtained employment in a hardware .store in Boston, Mass., and learned the busi- ness. vSubsequently he was a traveling salesman for a Providence hardware house. In 1888 he located in Pawtucket and opened a hardware store at his present location, 296 Main .street, where he conducts a flourishing business. Mr. Sawyer is descended on both sides from New England ancestors. His grandfather, John Sawyer, was born in Lyne, N. H., in 1806, where he carried on the business of a wheel- wright until he died in 1894. SAYLES family of Rhode Island is in lineal descent from John Sajles, who, tradition claims, came from lingland to Providence in 1645, in company with two brothers named Richard and Thomas. He settled in Providence and married Mary, daughter of Roger and Mary Williams, and became distinguished in the affairs of both town and colony. Jan. 27, 1651, he made his first purcha.se of real estate, buying a house and lot from John Throckmorton. The following year he purchased land near West river from Ralph Earle. On Feb. 19, 1665, he had lot 24 in the division of lands, and again on May 24, 1675, he drew lot 18. Besides these his father- in-law, Roger Williams, gave him a thirteenth interest in an island called Vineyard of Paw- tuxet. which he sold to Stephen Arnold, Jan. 24, 1670. He was admitted a freeman in 1655, and was successively assistant, commissioner, town clerk, warden, town treasurer, member of the town council, and in 1669, 167 1 to 1674, and 1676 to 1678 was a deputy. On May 7, 1677, (styled John Sayles, Sr.) he was fined 20s. for not attending the grand jury. He was born in 1633 and died in 1681, and is buried with his wife and son-in-law, William Greene, in the F^aston burial ground, Middlelown, R. I., near Sachuest beach. Besides the children named below it is believed that he had a daughter Deborah : Mary, b. July 11, 1652, married, fir.st, Dec. 17, 1674, William Cxreene ; second, Oct. 12, 1680, John Holmes; shed. 1717. John, b. .\ug. 17, 1654, d. Aug. 2, 1727. Isabel, d. 1716, m. twice, first, John Tillinghast : .second, Robert Hicks: Phebe, d. 1744, m. Job Green; Eleanor, b. 1671, d. March 11, 1714, m. Richard Green; Catharine, li. 1^171, d. Feb. 21, 1751, m. William Olney. The Pawtucket branch of the .Sayles famil\- is descended through the second child, John (2), who m. Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Olnej- ; she was b. Jan. 31, 1666, and d. Nov. 2, 1699. Like his father, John accumulated considerable wealth and was prominent in pub- lic affairs. He was admitted a freeman May 3, 1681, was deputy in 1694 and 1706, and sen-ed on the grand jury in 1688. Jan. 23, 1703, he .sold to Richard Phillips a dwelling house, barn and all lands and meadows at Maushapauge for ,{,100, " only reserving forever, two poles square, where several graves are contained about 30 rods west of the house." He gave his daughter Mar>- and her husband William Smith, a 40-foot lot ou the west side of the " Towne Street," and another lot, Jan. 29, 1722. By this will, which was proved Aug. 21, 1727, he made the following provisions for his children : Thomas, 10 acresand /^lo ; Richard, /,'io ; Mary (Smith), 40s ; John, the homestead farm, with dwelling 428 I L LUST RAT I'D HISTORY OF PAWTUC K ET. house, etc., 250 acres in all, including all mov- able goods. The gravestones to his memory and that of his wife ICIizabeth and son Daniel are still to be seen, west of the railroad track nearly oppo.site foot of ICarl street. Providence. He had five children : Mary, b. May 30, 1689, d. 1754, m. William Smith ; John, 1). Jan. 1,^, 1692, d. Sept. 16, 1777 : Richard, h. ( )ct. 24, i'i95. d. 1775: Daniel, b. Dec. 13, 1697, d. I'"eb. 3, 169.S : and Thomas, b. Feb. 9, 1699, d. Nov. 9, 1754. The line of descent is through the third child; Richard (3) moved to Smithfield, R. I., and was married three times, finst, Nov. 24, 1720, to Mary, daughter of Richard and Sarah (Mary) IMiillijis: second, Ma\- 14, 173S. to Alice, widow ol Daniel Arnold, and danghler of Maturin and Sarah Ballon, who. d. 1741 : third, Jan. 10, 1742, to Susannah, widow of John Inman and daughter of James and Susannah (Whitman) Ballon. Richard was a prominent land surveyor and laid out and surveyed gov- ernment and state land in Burrillville, Glocester and Smithfield. He was town clerk of Smith- field in 1 7,', I. The record shows that he deeded to his son Richard two and three-quarters acres of land on Feb. 21, 1750, and seven years later, on July 5, 1757, to his sons Jonathan and Gideon all of the farm not dispo.sed of, and on May 24, 1775, he sold to Caleb Aldrich, three acres of laiid for $100 and " one pistareen." The la.st two marriages were without issue. By the first there were six children : Daniel, b. Feb. 4, 1722; Richard, b. Aug. 5, 1723: ISR.\EL, b. March 17, 1726; FUisha. 1). .Vpril 15, 1728; Jonathan, li. .May 12, 17,^(1: and Gideon, b. May 30, 17,^2. The line of descent is through the third son : Israel (4) m. Marsa Whii)i)le, who bore him eleven children : Richard, Essie, Elisha, Christopher, Royal; AiiAi), b. Oct. 10, 1760, d. April 17, 1S49 ; Daniel; Mary, m. Es.sie Brown; Roba ; Rebecca: Mercy, who m. Benjamin Mathewson. The line of descent is through the sixth child : Ahab (5) m. Eillis, daughter of Samuel •Steere, in Jamuir\-, 17S6. .She was b. Aug. 17, 1766, d. March 9, 1854. They had eighth children: Azubah, b. Dec. 11, 1786, m. John Willing of Gloce.ster, R. I.; Lucina, b. h'eb. 5, 1789, ni. Benjamin Bowen ; Mercx , b. .April 13, 1792, d. July 10, 1794; Nicholas, b. Sept. iS, 1794, m. Asenalh Cooke; Ci..\kk, b. May 18, 1797; Welcome, b. April 22, 1800, m. Maria Sayles ; I.,illis, b. Feb. 23, 1805, m. .Sabin Smith: and Miranda, b. May 23, 1S12. Ahal) was a substantial farmer oi considerable me- cliauical abilitx', of Glocester (now lUirrilhilk-, R. 1.,) was for man\- years ])resident ol the town council, and during the war of the revolu- tion served in the patriot army under General Sulli\an. He was eighty-eight years and six months old when he died. The line of descent is through the fifth child : SAYLES, Clark (6), masterbuilder and mer- chant, son of Ahab and Lillis (Steere) Sayles, was born in Glocester, (now Burrillville), R. I., May 18, 1797, d. Sept. 11, 1878. The Sayles homestead lands were situated between Pascoag and Chepatchet, in the line that finally in 1806, divided Burrillville from Glocester, leaving the family mansion in Burrillville. The ancestors of this family, on both sides, were industrious and honored farmers of the old type, some of them being F'riends and others Baptists in their religious convictions. Clark was educated at home, on the farm, and in the common schools. His teacher, for many \ear, was William Col- well, afterwards ca.shier of the Gloce.ster Fix- change Bank. Both at his home and in the Chepachet librarj- he found and eagerly read good books, not missing a "library day" for years, as testified by Mr. Blackman, the libra- rian. When about t8 years of age he engaged to work for Elias Carter, a master-builder, with whom he labored in Thompson, Conn., and finally went to the state of Georgia and worked in constructing the Burke County court-house. Returning, he assisted in building the Congre- gational church in Milford, Mass. Finally, he began as a master builder for himself ; erected a residence for his brother Nicholas ; again went to the state of Georgia, and constructed dwellings for planters, and completed the large hotel at Waynesborough. Returning from the South he built the meeting house in Greenville, Smithfield, R. L V 430 ILLUSTRATlvD MI STORY OF 1' A \VT UC K ]';T. In the spriiior of 1S22 he removed to Paw- tueket, R. I., and settled as a master builder ; erected houses for David Wilkinson, added a middle section to the First Baptist church, planned and erected, in i82cS, the First C(in>;re- gational church in Pawtucket ; Iniild a clmrch edifice in North Scituate, and one in Attle- boro, Mass. During all this time he was also engaged in the lumber and coal trade, being the first man to introduce coal into Pawtucket by vessels. He associated with himself in business Daniel Greene, and in the great financial panic of 1S29 the firm of Clark Sayles & Co. assumed, to a great disadvantage, as the issue proved, the business interests previously carried on by Mr. Greene, who had failed. Mr. Sayles was chosen director of the New Kngland Pacific Bank, of whose board of thirteen directors eleven failed, while Mr. Sayles stood through the storm. Chosen president of this bank, as successor to Dr. Asa Messer, Mr. Sayles stood at the head of the institution for seventeen years, and, ' ' by most remarkably skillful financiering, ' ' brought the bank through all its difficulties. In 1837, closing most of his large business relations in Pawtucket, he again went south and engaged in the wholesale lumber trade for the firm of which he was the head, and also as agent of another company ; operating steam sawmills, one on an island at the mouth of the Altamaha river, and one on the Savaimah river, opposite the city of Savannah. After remaining south in the lumber trade (having his family with him during some of the winters) for about twenty years, he returned to Pawtucket. Not entering again largely into business for himself he assisted his sons, William Francis and Frederic Clark, in purchasing materials, and in the con- struction of the buildings added to their exten- sive Moshassuck bleachery, in the town of Lincoln. He was also the general superintend- ent in the erection of the beautiful Memorial Chapel in vSaylesville, near the bleacher}'. Politically, he was an old line W^hig and was finally identified with the Republican party, but would accept onl\- town offices, as his object was service rather than honor. In the temperance reform he held a foremost place from the first. Near 1S32 he united with the Congregational church, of which he always con- tinued, an active and consistent member. He early won for himself, and always maintained a high and honorable place in society, and was deservcdlx esteemed in his ripe years. He married, Dec. 25, 1822, Mary Ann, daughter of Paris Olney, of vScituate, R. I. vShe was a member of the Congregational church, and noted for her strength of mind, gentleness of spirit, soundness of judgment, decision of character, and the purity of her Chri.stian life. She d. Sept. 11, 1878, in her seventy-sixth year. Mr. Sa>-les had five child- ren : Wiij.i.VM F'r.\ncis, Minerva Winsor (d. young), Charles Ahab (d. young), Mary Ann (d. young), and Frkderic Ci..vkk. SAYLES, Frederic Clark, the youngest son of Clark and Mary Ann (Olne)) vSayles, married Deborah Cook, daughter of Robert and Deborah (Cook) Wilcox of Pawtucket, Oct. 16, 1861, who w^as b. Nov. 26, 1841, and d. Nov. 25, 1895. They had five children: Caroline Minerva, b. Jan. 16, 1866; F'rederic Clark, Jr., b. Aug. 21, 1868; Benjamin Paris, b. Oct. 31, 1S71, d. May 30, 1873; Robert Wilcox, b. Jan. 29, 1878 ; and Deborah Wilcox, b. Nov. 17, 1880. Mr. Sayles is descended through six straight lines from Roger Williams, twice on his father's side and four times on his mother's side. He is also a direct descendant from Joseph Jenks, the first settler of Pawtucket, through his oldest son. Gov. Joseph Jenks. Mr. Sayles was born in Pawtucket, and is now the senior partner in the extensive Sayles bleacheries. In 1840 he accompanied his father to Georgia and received his earlier education in the best schools of Savannah. On his return, he attended the schools at Pawtucket, the Uni- versity Grammar School of Providence, and was graduated with honor in 1853 from the Provi- dence Conference Seminary of Ea.st Greenwich, R. I. In July following, in his i8th year, he commenced his business career in his brother's (William F'. Sayles) Mo.sliassuck Bleacher}- at 5 shilling per day, sweeping the rooms, invoic- ing goods, and performing any other services required. For ten years he labored diligentlj-, B I O G R A P H I F< S . 431 acquiring a thorough knowledge of the mechan- ism used aud the methods employed in every department of the works. In January, 1863, his diligence and fidelity was rewarded by an inter- est in the business. He was admitted a partner with his brother under the firm name of W. F. iS: F. C. Sayles, with entire charge of the local affairs and the details of operating the extensive works. The Sayles bleacheries are probably the largest of their kind in the world. They use the most improved methods for bleaching sheet- ings, shirtings, lawns, and everj' variety of mus- lins, and are capable of turning out more than 50 tons of finished goods daily. In 186S the busi- ness increased to such an extent that it was found necessary to make a decided enlargement, the result of which was the erection of the New Bleacher}' so called. Mr. F. C. Sa\les made the plans and had the entire super\-ision of this work. The finishing of lawns and nainsooks, the finer class of cotton goods, had never been attempted in this country until taken hold of by Mr. Sayles as a separate branch of the business at the New Bleachery. The Glenlyon Dye Works and the Lorraine Worsted Mills were both built under the super- vision of Mr. F. C. Sayles. The very best skilled foremen for each department were en- gaged from abroad by him before any movement was made to build the works, so that success was assured from the beginning. The various buildings of the bleachery and allied plants cover an area of about 30 acres. To the water power of the Moshassuck river has been added 14 steam engines, two of them being Corliss engines of about 200 horse-pow-er each, and they consume annually more than 12000 tons of coal. Over 1200 operatives are regularly employed. The village of Saylesville, with its beautiful memorial church, its railroad, its well-kept houses and streets, owes its growth and development to the energy, good taste, and public spirit of William F". and Frederic C. Sayles, and is a lasting monument to their liberality. Mr. Sayles has traveled extensivelj- in luirope, visiting all the principal cities in Eng- land, Scotland, Ireland, France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Rus- sia, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Itah', and on this continent, has been to Mexico and the Pacific coast. The fine family residence of Mr. Sayles, built in 1868, with its large and tastefully arranged grounds, graces the eastern slope of the heights south of Pawtucket, which it over- looks, and is on the east side of East a\enue, near the line of the city of Providence. Tlie estate is known as Bryn Mawr. Besides his interest in the Sayles bleacheries, Mr. Sayles is connected wdth various interests and enterprises. He is president of the follow- ing corporations: River Spinning Co., of Woon- socket, R. I., the Moshassuck Valley Railroad, the Crefeld Electrical Works, Saylesville, Narragansett Knitting Co., Pawtucket; and is a director in the Merchants National Bank, Prov- idence, vSlater National Bank, Pawtucket, Mathieson Alkali Works, Saltville, Va., Woon- socket Ruliber Co., Woonsocket. He is a trustee of the Franklin vSavings Bank of Paw- tucket, and is concerned in other corporations. He was the first president of the Pawtucket Bu.siness Men's Association, holding that office four years. He has held a commission on the staff of the Pawtucket Light Guard, with the rank of major. By the special encouragement and aid of Sayles brothers, W. F. and F. C, there was organized in Saylesville, June 2, 1880, the Memorial Chapel Congregational church, of twenty-five constituent members. The Sabbath school held there registered, during 1896, one hundred and eighty-six members, with an average attendance of one hundred and twenty- three. At the hands of the Sayles brothers, public enterprises and benevolent causes always met with hearty encouragement and generous support. Mr. Sayles was the first mayor of the city of Pawtucket, and served for two years, 1886 and 1887. His influence and untiring energy were plainly discernible on the successful launch- ing of the new city government. SAYLES, Hon. William Francis, of the seventh generation of the familv, was one of the 43^ I L LUST RAT I'D HISTORY O 1- PAWTUCKET. leading niaiuifacturers in Rhode Island during tlie middle years of the present centurs . He was born in Pawtucket, R. I., Se]H. 21, 1S24. As an inheritance from his ancestors William F. Sayles had the sterling (lualities of character that made him a marked and successful man. He attended the Fruit Hill Classical Institute of North Providence, where the Hon. Amos Perry was then principal. He then went to the >Seekonk Classical vSchool, and completed his education at Phillips Academy, .\ndover, Mass., where he spent two years. In 1842, when 16 years of age, he became bookkeeper for the commercial house of Shaw & Earle of Provi- dence, and in this way earned the money for his expenses at Andover. After leaving that insti- tution he engaged permanently with Shaw & ICarle, worked in his old position as bookkeeper, but was soon promoted to be chief salesman and financial manager. After this business experience Mr. .Sayles decided to engage in manufacturing on his own account. He had little capital and no experi- ence whatever, but in 1847 he purchased the Pimbley printworks on the Moshassuck river, two miles northwestward from Pawtucket falls, and began the bleaching of cotton cloth. The premises were small, but the first year he was able to turn out about a ton of cloth a day, and by 1854 this had increased to four tons daily. B3' close application and a study of his business Mr. Sayles was enabled to so improve the methods of the industry that his goods acquired a high reputation. June, 1854, the works were burned, but were immediately rebuilt, and the daily product when they resumed operations in 1855 was six tons a day. From that time onward the works were constantly enlarged, until the buildings of every kind utilized in the industry cover a space of about thirty acres. The structures are chiefly of bi'ick. The pm- duction has increa.sed from one ton (lail\- to 40 tons, or 325,000 yards of fini.shed goods dail\'. The establishment is now the largest of its kind in the world and eight hundred operatives arc employed. It I;as always been known as the Mosha.ssuck Uleachery. The business in- creased so rapidly that in iS6f) Mr. Sayles admitted his brf)ther, Frederic Clark Sayles, as a ])artner, and the firm was thereafter known as W. F. & h'. C. vSayles. In 1877 the firm built the Mo.shassuck Valley Railroad, which extends (roni the works to a junction at Woodlawn with the main line between Providence and Paw- tucket, a distance of about two miles, and furnishes the bleachery and village with un- equalled transportation facilities. The works are operated by a large number of .steam engines, many of them of great power, and the consump- tion of coal for power, heating and lighting is over 17,000 tons annualh". Very much of the success of the bleachery is no doubt due to the quality of the water used, which is largely obtained from the Moshassuck river. As there are no manufacturing estab- lishments on the stream above Saylesville the water is uncontaminated, clear and pellucid and has excellent bleaching properties. Within a few years past, with the great increase in the size of the bleachery, an additional supply was required. This has been obtained from a large number of dri\en or artesian wells, that now furnish a large volume of clear water. The works and village are picturesquely situated overlooking the vallej' of the Moshassuck, and Scott's pond, a beautiful sheet of water, lies just across the main highwaj' from the bleachery. As the business increased a village gradu- ally grew up around the works, to which the name Saylesville was given. Mr. Sayles e.stab- li.shed a day school for the children of his employees very soon after starting his business, and in i860 he also started a Sunday school, of which he was for more than a score of jears the sn])erintendent. The brothers erected in 1873, on high land overlooking the \illage and works, a beautiful granite church, as a memorial to their deceased children, and for the use of the connnunity as a religious gathering place. In 1877 a tower was added by Mr. Sayles as a memorial to his son William Clark Sayles. The chajjel seats two hundred jiersons. .Since June 2, 18S0, it has been the house of worship of the Memorial Chapel Congregational church. The edifice was constructed under the direction of Clark Sayles, the father of the Sayles brothers. BIOGRAPHIES. 433 The Lorraine mills, on the Moshassuck river, Mineral Spring avenue, Pawtucket, en- gaged in the manufacture of fine worsted and cotton dress goods, have been owned and oper- ated by W. F. & F. C. Sayles since 1882 under the name of the Lorraine Manufacturing Co. During this period they have been developed and brought to a high degree of prosperity, the mills have been greatly enlarged, the product has increased in volume five times, and the number of employees has grown from 200 to 1,100. North of the bleachery, but on the same extensive premises at Saylesville, is the Glenlyon Dye Works, with a large plant which is operated in connection with the bleachery. Still further south is a pumping station and filtration tanks where the water from the bleachery and dyeworks is purified before it is allowed to flow back into the river. The Lor- raine mills are about a mile and a half south of Sajdesville, in an almost .straight line, and are connected by the Mo.shassuck Valley Railroad, which runs along the bank of the old channel of the Blackstone canal, now utilized as the bed of the Moshassuck river. The buildings of the bleachery, the dyeworks, and the filtration plant are all stretched along the banks of the river and the line of the railroad, and are stirrounded by ample grounds. On commencement da\-, June, 1878, W. F. Sayles gave to Brown University, Providence, $50,000 for the erection of a hall to the memory of his son, William Clark vSayles, who died Feb. 13, 1876, while a student. This sum he afterward increased to $100,000, and the money was used to build the beautiful Sayles Me- morial Hall, so well known as the place of the popular university lectures, and which was dedicated June 4, 188 1. W. F. Sayles, as this record shows, was a man of enterprise and character, but e\-eii these details do not tell the full story of his life. He was a skilled financier, and the success of the great business was mainly due to his prudent and skillful pilotage. In the financial and liusi- ness community he held man\- iK)sitions of trust and responsibilit>-. He was i)resident of the Slater National Hank ot Pawtucket and also a director in the Third National Bank of Provi- dence ; president of the Slater Cotton Co., of Pawtucket, which enterprise he originated ; vice-president of the Ponemah mills, Taftville, Comi.; was a director in mills in Massachu.setts and Connecticut ; president of the Pawtucket Free Library for many years ; one of the board of trustees of Brown Univer.sity ; represented the town of Pawtucket in the state senate in 1875-6; was for a time lieutenant-colonel of the Paw- tucket Light Guard, and was active in various lines of life. He and his familj- were members of the Central Congregational church of Provi- dence. He was married Oct. 30, 1849, to Mary Wil- kinson Fessenden, daughter of the Hon. Benjamin Fessenden of Valley Falls. Six children were born to them, of whom two are now living, Mary, who married Roscoe S. Washburn of Providence, and Frank Arthur Sayles, who has succeeded his father in the management of the business. In 1870-2 Mr. Sayles erected a beautiful man- sion on East avenue, on elevated land overlook- ing Pawtucket from the south. This residence with its park-like grounds is like a well-kept English estate. It is now the residence of Frank A. Sayles. W. F. Sayles died May 7, 1894, full of j'ears and honors, much lamented by his family and the community. By his will Mr. Sayles directed that $200,- 000 be devoted to the construction and main- tenance of a memorial to his wife and daughter. To carry out his bequest, the Jacob Dunnell residence and estate on Prospect street, Paw- tucket was purchased, but the precise form of the memorial has not as yet been decided upon. A bequest of $100,000 was aLso made by Mr. Sayles for the erection of a building for a free public library for Pawtucket, but this was left absolutely to the discretion and judgment of his son Frank A. Sayles, the will providing that the latter must approve of the bequest in writing before it should go into effect. The various properties that William F. vSayles so successfully projected and developed, have been reorganized into three separate con- cerns. He was the sole owner of what has lonsi 434 ILLUSTR ATl'I) HISTORY OF PAWTUC K IvT. been known as the " old bleachery," while the " new bleachery " erected in 1.S66, was the property of \V. V. ^ I". C. Sa\ks, wliicli was then first formed. l''rank A. inherilcd his father's interests in the hleacheries. Late in 1896 arrangements were finally consummated liy which he purchased his uncle's interest in the " new bleachery," the Glenlyon Dye Works, the Lorraine mills, and the Crefeld mills. West- erly, R. I. Frank A., now the sole owner of the bleach- cries, will continue to conduct them under the old name of the " Sayles Bleacheries." He has been in full control since his father's death, and under his management the great concern has been materially increased and five new build- ings have been erected. The dye works has been formed into a cor- poration under the name of the Glenlyon Dye Works of Pawtucket, the incorporators of which are Frank A. Sayles, Charles O. Reed, and Maurice K. Washburn. Mr. Sayles is presi- dent, and Mr. Reed treasurer and secretary. The capital stock of this corporation is $400,000. The Lorraine mills and the Crefeld mills were organized into a corporation under the name of the Lorraine Manufacturing Co., with a capital stock of $1,250,000. The incorpora- tors were Frank A. Sayles, Charles O. Reed and James R. MacColl. Mr. Sayles is ahso presi- dent of this corporation and Mr. MacColl treas- urer and agent. These mills produce fine worsted, cotton and silk dress goods and a large variety of other fabrics. Mr. Sayles is the controlling owner in these two corporations, and the dominant spirit in their management. SAYLES, William R., .son of Willard and Marcy (Arnold) .Sayles, was born Nov. 11, iS;,7, at Man\ille, R. I., where he attended the jmblic schools until he was 14 years old. He then went to li\'e with his brother, a lawyer at Windsor Locks, Coiui. Later on he entered the W'illiston .Seniinar\-, Ivast Ham]iton, Mass., and sul)se(inentl\' studied law. He entered Brown Ihiiversity in i860 and was graduated in 1S64. Upon the death of his brother, who died in New York in 1863, he came to Pawtucket, and entered the Providence County Savings Hank as a bookkeeper, which position he still fills to the satisfaction of the bank officials and patrons. He is trustee of the Pawtucket Public Library, for 18 years was its secretary and chair- man of its book committee, which latter position he now holds. He was president of the Univer- salist Church Society, and for many years, was also librarian of the Sabbath school. He was chairman of the committee on entertainment and treasurer of the Pawtucket Business Men's Asso- ciation. He was a member of the .school board in iSy2, and also served on the board for five years from 1886. In 1891 he closed his public labors on account of sickness. He was chairman of the committee on evening drawing schools, and did much to bring that undertaking to the high grade of perfection it now enjoys. He was also an earnest advocate of the sy.stem of kindergar- ten instruction and gave his influence in that direction. In 1872 he was married to Amelia L. Adams, daughter of Abraham Adams, of Pawtucket, by which union there are three children : George W., Ella Harding, and William R., Jr. i' FREDERICK A. PATT, SANFORD R. PIERCE. r TAILOR IN PAWTUCKFT FOR 42 YEARS. ALFRED W. QUIGG, i CO.. PROVIDEN HORATIO M. ROUNDS, CARRIAGE MANUFACTURER. ROBERT W. ROWaOTHAM, OF THE PAWTUCKET NICKEL PLATINO CO. N. EDOUARD PONTON DE ST. GERMAIN, REGISTERED PHARMACIST AND PHYSICIAN. 4.V> ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKKT. SCHILLER, Hector, first child of Edward and Angeleque (Dcincrs) Schiller, was born Aug. 2, 1850, in Maneville, P.Q., Canada, where he attended the public schools until he was i 7 \ears old. In 1S67 he came to America and Ininul emi)!o\ nienl in the mill at Xatick, K. I. He then engaged in the grocery business. In 1872 he removed to Central Falls and went into the employ of Fournier brothers, grocers and general provision dealers. In the meanwhile he attended Scholfield's Commercial College, Providence. Upon the dissolution of the firm of Fournier I'rotliers in 1873, he formed a part- nership with John M. Fournier under the firm name of I'ouniicr ^: Schiller and carried on the grocery and provision business. In 1883 a bakery and preserving and pickling departments were added. Sub.sequently the business was divided, Mr. ,SchilIer taking the grocery and provision department, which he still conducts at 517 Broad street, and it is the largest estali- lishment of its kind in Central Falls. In politics he is a Republican. He was one of the firewards and president of the board of the Central I'alls fire di.strict. He was a member of the Lincoln town council from 1891 until the incorporation of the city of Central HECrOR SCHILLER, GROCER, CENTRAL FALLS. Falls, w'hen he was elected an alderman, and served for two terms. A])ril 15. 1867, he was married to Matine Papeusau, of Natick, by wliich union there are three children: Rosanna, 1). Jul\', 1872: Oscar, b. April, 1883; Oadaloid, 1). Sept. 1887. SCHOLZE, William F., was born Oct. 21, 1856, in Reichenan, Saxony, Germany, and is the son of John G. and Johanna R. Scholtze. He was educated in the schools of Reichenan and afterwards fini.shed his eduation in Zittan College. He then went to the dyeing establish- ment of Friedrich & Lee to learn the business under the direction of Smith Dufton, after which he served in the German army. On his return home he took up his business again, and in 1878 he became manager of the dyeing and finishing of piece goods for Jaeger & Sons, in Ash, Bohe- mia, where he stayed for two years. In May, 1880, he came to America and was engaged on Staten Island, New York, in a dyeing and fin- ishing establishment as piece dyer for three >ears. From that position he was engaged by \V. P". & F. C. Sayles in 1883 as manager of the dveing departments of the GlenlNon Dye Works, which position he now holds. In politics he is a Republican. He attends the Sayles Memorial Chapel at Saylesville. In 1886 he was married to Carrie Astrap of Providence. R. I., the .second daughter of Samuel and Hannah Astrap, by which union there are three children : Leta M., William F., and Ernst A., born in Saylesville. John G. Scholze, the father of William F"., was the only son of five children and was the heir to the Scholze homestead. He was married in 1835 to the onty child of Gottlieb Pueschel, who was a linen manufacturer. In i860 John Ct. Scholze started a coal mine on the estate, which business he carried on until his death in 1866. He left a widow and twelve children, of which William 1''. was the \oungest. SHEAHAN, Thomas, was born at Cden, County of Limerick, Ireland, in 1S59, where he learned the trade of a blacksmith and horse shoer. He came to America in 1S82 and worked at his trade with a Mr. Fol.som at Providence. In 18S7 he came to Pawtucket and opened his present horseshoeing establishment, at 20 Slater BIOGRAPHIICS. 437 avenue, with Thomas Kitzgerakl as a partner, and the business is now carried on, at the old stand, under the firm name of Tliomas Sheahan .S: Co. Mr, vSlieahan attends the St. Mary's Catho- lic church. In 1SS3 he was married to Mary Doherty of New York, by which union there are three children: Mary, b. Providence, 1886 ; Margaret, b. 188S; Jeremiah, b. 1892, inPawtucket. Mr. Sheahan's parents reside in Ireland, where his father is engaged in farm- ing. SHELDON, Henry Herbert, son of Pardon and Harriet (Collins) Sheldon, was bom July 13, 1834, in Providence, R. I. In 1 85 1 he was apprenticed to Henry Criles to learn the jewelry- trade, where he remained for three }-ears. He then went into the busi- ness with a partner on Page street. Providence, but a year later bought out his partner and associated himself with George G. Greene, under the firm name of Shel- don & Greene, which partnership continued until i860. This firm also had an office in New York cit\-. In 1S62 Mr. Slieldon raised a conipan\- called the lUirnside Zouaves, of which he was lieutenant -colonel. He was a member of the First Light Infantry from 1854 to 1876, and is now a member of F. h. I. Veterans. In 1863 he was appointed to a position in the HENRY HERBERT SHELDON, PRESIDENT OF THE SHELDON BUILDING CC United States Treasury Department which he held until 1865. Upon returning he connected himself with a large cutlery house in Boston, Ihcn with one in New York city, in which he remained until 1874. He then returned to Providence and was employed by the Retort Gas Stove Co. as traveling salesman, and visited all parts of the United States and Western Eu- rope. In 1882 he invented the Shel- don Gas Stove, which he manufac- tured until 1885, having an office in New York. He then established a business in Paw- tucket, formed the Sheldon Building Co., purchased the Miller estate, cor- ner Broad and Main streets, and erected thereon the present Sheldon building. This company subse- quently purchased various estates, leased stores and buildings and by adding improve- ments and making alterations, by either selling or sub -leasing the premises, created the well-establish- ed and successful business now con- ducted by this company. To Mr. Sheldon's fore- sight and enterprise the city of Pawtucket owes many of its attractive business blocks. Mr. vSheldon has been identified with nian\- eiiter- pri.ses, including the Pro\-idence Cable Tramwa\- Company, the charter of which he obtained in 1883, also the Pawtucket Cable Tramway Com- pany. In politics he is a Republican, but realiz- 438 ILLUSTRATlvI) HISTORY OF TAWTUCKliT. iiig the need of a iion-jiartisaii city govtriniKiil lie was a candidate for mayor in iSyd mi an indepentlcnt ticket, secured !)>• noiiiinatioii l)apers, hut was defeated. June 30, iS^tj, he was married to Adeline iMances Carpenter, of Coventry, whose parents, Benjamin F. and Mary C. (Waterman) Carpen- ter, became residents of Pawtncket in i860. Mr. Carpenter served both the towns of Coven- try and Pawtucket in the General Assembly. Hy this union there were three children : Grace Waterman. 1). .April 29, i860, d. May 3, 1882; Philip Collins, b. Oct. 10, 1861 ; Charles Her- bert, b. May 16, 1874. Mr. Sheldon is descended from an old New England family and traces his ancestr)' to John Sheldon, who was born in England in 1630, came to this country earh- in life, and was one of the first settlers of Providence, where he died in 1708. The line of descent in succeeding generations, from father to son, was as follows: Nicholas, son of John, d. 1747; Nicholas, b. 1694, d. 1787: Nicholas, b. 1732, d. 1828; Nicholas, d. age 75 years ; Pardon, father of Henry H., b. Sept. 10, 178S, at Cranston, d. Dec. 30, 1 85 1, was a wholesale grain and flour dealer in Providence from 1822 to 1835, when he retired from active business, purchased a small farm of 40 acres, three and a half miles out of the cit\' of Providence, which is now a PHILIP C. SHELDON, TREASURER OF THE SHELDON aulLDING CO CHARLES H. SHELDON, SECRETARY OF THE SHELDON BUILDING CO. part of Edgewood. In 1S46 lie again changed his residence to Pawtuxet, wheri- he remained six years, until his death in 1S51, when his widow and children removed to Providence. SHELDON, Philip Collins, was born in Providence, R. I., Oct. 10, 1861. He attended the Pawtucket public schools, and later Mowry & Goff's English and Classical School, Provi- dence, from which he was graduated June 10, 1880, and was the salutatorian of his class. For six years he was employed by the American Screw Co., Providence. In 1887 he joined his father in the real estate business, the firm name being H. H. &; P. C. Sheldon, with offices in the Sheldon building, Pawtucket. In politics Mr. Sheldon is a Republican and was elected as councilman from the third w ard in 1890. At the present time he is secretary of the Park Commission. He is a director of the Pawtucket Mutual Fire Insurance Co. He is a member of the First Baptist church, Pawtucket, is a junior deacon, and assistant superintendent of the vSabbath .school. Sept. 4, 1S89, he was married to Rubiena Carrie Hardwick daughter of Henry Hingstou and Amelia Adeline (Wis- well) Hardwick, in the Fourth .Street Piaptisl church, vSouth Boston, Mass. Hy this union there are two children : Marshall Hingstou, b. June 21, 1890; Beatrice Adelin, b. July 8, 1895. BIOGRAPHIES. 439 SHELDON, Charles Herbert, son of Henry H. and Adeline Frances (Carpenter) Sheldon , was born May i6, 1874, at Pawtucket, R. I.. where he attended the public schools and fin- ished his education at the Movvry & Goff Eng- lish and Classical School in Providence. He is secretary of the Sheldon Building Co., and re- sides with his parents at Park Heights, Paw- tucket. SHERHAN, Albert R., second child of Simon P. and Hannah G. Sherman, was born Jan. 2_s, iS^.S, at Providence, R. I., where he attended the public schools. He also went to the academy of Jenks A. Mowry, North Provi- deiTce, and later took a course in mechanical drawing at Scholfield's Commercial College, Providence. He was afterwards employed by the A. & W. Sprague Manufacturing Co., Providence, as master mechanic, which position he held for 15 years. In 1876 he was engaged by the Fales & Jenks Machine Co., Pawtucket, as selling agent, and later became agent for the United States Cotton Co. and the Hope Thread mills, remaining in these positions about twelve years. In 1888 he retired from regular employment and went abroad, visiting the large manufacturing establishments of Europe. Since then he has devoted his time to making improvements in spinning and twisting machinery. He invented the Sherman spinning and twisting spindle and also perfected improve- ments upon the Rabbeth spinning spindle. These spindles are now in general use, both at home and abroad, and caused a revolution in the spinning indu.stry by their capability of being operated at a much higher rate of speed, thus ensuring much larger production of yarn at a less cost. In politics Mr. Sherman is a Democrat. He sened as state senator from Pawtucket in 1889, 1890 and 1891. While a member of the legislature he introduced and had enacted into laws, measures which resulted in a mutual exchange of tickets between the then two exist- ing railroad corporations, and the reduction of fares from 16 to 20 coupon tickets for $1.00 between Central Falls, Pawtucket and Provi- dence. In Aug., i860, he was married to Alma W. Tibbetts of Warwick, R. I., who died Nov. 17, 1888. By this union there are two children: Charles E., b. 1S62. d. 1864; Albert Everett, b. July 14, 1870. Mr. vSherman's parents were born at North Kingstown, and he is a descend- ant of Philip .Sherman, one of the early settlers of Rhode Island. SHERMAN, Sylvester C, overseer at the Dexter Yarn Company, is the son of Philip D. and Sarah A. (Budlong) Sherman, and was born in 1836, at Natick, R. I., where he attended the public schools. When 12 years old he went to work in the spinning room of the A. & W. Sprague cotton mill, where he remained two years. Later he was employed at the Quid- nick mill, Coventrj', also operated bj- the Spragues, where he remained for 14 j-ears, and during three years of this period was overseer of the carding department. In 1866 he came to Pawtucket as overseer of the carding depart- ment lor the Dexter Yarn Co., which position he now holds. He belongs to Union Lodge, A. F. and A. M.; Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter: Holy Sepulchre Commandery ; and Enterprise Lodge, I. O. O. P". His family attends the Park Place Congregational church. In 1851; he was married to Ruth G. Cornell. Mr. Sherman is of old New England ancestry and his family have been residents of Rhode Island for upwards of 150 years, and have lived in or near Warwick. SHOVE, Isaac, .secretary of the Pawtucket Mutual Fire Insurance Co. for nearly forty years, was born in Smithfield (now Woon- socket), R. I., Oct. 4, 1S23, son of Marvel and Lydia (Fish) Shove. The ancestors of the Shove family in this country was the Rev. (ieorge Shove, the third ndni.ster of Taunton, Mass., whose wife was Hope.still Newman, daughter of Rev. Samuel Newman, one of the founders of Rehoboth : she died in 1674: from them the Shoves, few in number, have descended. Isaac's father was a manufacturer at the Globe mill ; his mother died during his infancy, and he went to live with his grand- father, Josiah Shove, in Mendon (now Black- stone), Mass. He attended the district school, and about 1833 went to the boarding school of 440 I LIA'STRATJvI) HISTORY ()!• PAW T U C K KT. Thomas I"r\- in Bolton, Worcester coiuit\ , Mass., where he was fellow schoolmate with Samuel Foss, for man\- years eililor of the Woonsocket Patriot. At the age of 14 he went to live with an uncle in the town of I'al- m\ra, Wa\ne countv, N. V., where he worketl on the farm. In 1 .S46 he returned east and lived in vSeekonk, Mass., tmtil 1S51, when he came to Pawtucket, Mass., and ohtained em- ployment as a clerk. In 1856 lie was elected secretary of the Pawtucket Mutual Fire Insur- ance Co., which office he still fills, having held it for a period of over forty years. In 1857-S-9 Mr. Shove was on the board of selectmen of Pawtucket, and in i860 he was appointed b>- Governor Banks a trial justice with jurisdiction over Pawtucket, Seekonk and Rehoboth. In 1862 Pawtucket was annexed to Rhode Island, and he was elected town clerk and held the office three years. He was elected a member of the House of Representatives in 1865 and again in i866, and in 1865 he was elected b\- the (leneral Assembly a member of the Court of Magistrates, with jurisdiction over Paw- tucket, North Providence and Smithfield — an office which under different names he has held with the exception of two years, up to the present time, about thirty-four years. In- 1H74, when the town of North Providence was divided and a portion consolidated with Pawtucket, Mr. Shove was again elected to the General Assem- bly, and yet again in 1881. In 1877 and in [888 he was president of the town council of Pawtucket, subsequently served as sewer com- missioner, and has held various offices in town and city. In politics he is a Republican. SIDEBOTTOM, Abram Hellor, was born in England in i8_;7, and was the third child of Jonathan Smith and Mary (Andrews) Side- bottom. He came with his parents and grand- parents to this country in 1840 when three years old. His grandfather, Aliram vSidebottom, who was the fir.st calico machine printer in this country, was born in ICngland in 1774, and died at Crompton, R. I., in 1844. Abram M. attended the Pawtucket public schools until he was 10 years old, when he went to work in what was then the John Gardner cotton mill, Central halls. but which isnowoneof the factories of the Stafford Manufacturing Co. Afterwards he went to work in the Dunnell jirintworks, where he continued to labor until iSs."!, when he started to learn the carriage tiimming trade with .\llen Green of Providence, and after eoni])leting his a[)])rentice- ship worked as a journeyman. In i8(«) he went into the carriage trimming business in company with Joseph Peckham, under the name of Peck- ham vS: Sidebottom, at tin.- corner of Co\e and Worcester streets, Pro\idence. A year later he purcha.sed his partner's interest and from that time conducted the business under his own name, at 79 Clifford street, Providence. In iSSS he opened a branch shop in Pawtucket, and in 1893 removed his entire business to this city, where, in rear of 323 Main street, he now carries on a successful and growing business. Mr. Sidebottom is an Odd Fellow, belongs to Ivnter- prise Lodge and Blackstone Encampment, and has been treasurer of the latter organization for 21 years. He also belongs to Pawtucket Assembly, No. 43, Royal Society of (xood Fel- lows. He was married in January, 1864, to Ivlizabeth Monkhouse of Pawtucket, and they have hail nine children : Mary Francis, mar- ried T. J. Kenyon ; Ida May, married Merrill S. Louks ; Dora (died at the age of one year) ; Walter: Abram J.; Elizabeth Jane, married Louis C. Sandhurst: Mark M.: Martha Le- Baron : and Margaret Ruth. SISSON, Charles, third child of Asa and Mary Ann (Peck) Sisson, was born Sept. 7, 1847, in Coventry, R. I. He attended the public schools of his native town and finished his studies at the Friend's School, Providence. In 1866 he was bookkeeper for \'aughan & Greene, web- bing manufacturers, at Hamilton, R. I. In a short time he had learned the business and was made superintendent of the works, which posi- tion he held until 18S3, when with Oscar A. Steere he established the Hope Webbing Co., on Sprague .street, Providence. In iScjo the business was incorporated and the jilant re- moved to Pawtucket, where a factory had been erected especially for its accommodation. Mr. Sisson was elected treasurer of the company, which position he now holds. ^n HIOC, RAP II IKS. 441 Mr. Sisson served in the town council of North Kingstown, was president of that body in iSSi , and was chairman of the school connnittee from 1875 to 1883. He is now a member of the city council of Providence. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Society of P'riends. Oct. 4, 1888, he married Elizabeth I)a\is l{yre, of Philadelphia, by which union there are five children : Charles P., b. Feb. 9, i8go : Russell Iv, b. Aug. 4, 1891 ; Hope, b. Jan. 21, 1893; Ruth, b. P'eb. 10, 1894: Alice, b. Feb. 27, 1895. Mr. Sisson's maternal grandfather, Perez Peck, b. in Rehoboth in 17S6, was one of the first manufacturers of cotton machiner}- in New England, and conducted an extensive business at Coventry, R. I. His father, Asa Sisson, was likewise a manufacturer of cotton machinery; he was born in Warwick. R. I., Oct. 5, 1815, and died Jan. 19, 1893. SLOCUM, William Henry, was born Oct. 2, 1842, at Pawtucket, and is the fourth, child of Samuel and Betsey (Radloff) Slocum. Until he was 14 years old he attended the pulilic schools of his native city. His first eniplox- ment was on a farm. He then learned black- smithing and machine forging at the Providence Steam Engine Works, and worked at his trade until 1879, when he established himself in busi- ness, at his present location, 39 Bayley street, Pawtucket. In politics he is independent. During the war of the rebellion he responded to the call of his country in her most trying hour and went to the front with the 9th Rhode Island regiment, under Colonel Pitman, with Robert McCloy as captain. He belongs to Tower Post, G. A. R. Jan. i, 1863, he was married to Hannah Follett of Pawtucket, b>' which union there are two children: Lyman F., b. Nov. 7, 1863 ; Charles A., b. Oct. 30, 1865. His wife died Jan. 28, 1878. March i, 1880, he was married to Mrs. Rosanna (Curran) Kennedy of Pawtucket. Mr. Slocum's father, Samuel, was a mechanic, was born at Tiverton, R. I., in 1804, and died in New Bedford, July, 1883. His mother was a member of the Radloff family of vSeekonk, Mass., where she was born May 24, 1S16. SMALES, George, was born in 1854 at Skelton, in Cleavland, Yorkshire, F^ngland, and obtained his early schooling at a church of England school. His first occupation was as a groom and coachman. Later he learned the trade of a stair builder. In r88i he came to America and located in Pawtucket. He began and now conducts the business of a stair builder and screen manufacturer, and deals in all kinds of newel posts, balu.sters, handrails, etc., at 78 Pleasant street, where he does a flourishing trade. The Smales sliding window screen is considered to be the best on the market. Mr. Smales is a member of the Protestant Episcopal church. He belonged while in Eng- land to the 1 8th North Yorkshire Rifle Yolun- teers. He has been a member of Abraham Lincoln Lodge, Sons of St. George, since 1888, and has filled the offices of secretary, vice-presi- dent, president and past president ; and for five 3ears has been first representative to the .state Grand Lodge. In 1894 he was elected to the office of chairman, and is trustee of the State (jrand Lodge. In Aug., 1895, he was elected to represent the vState Grand Lodge at the vSupreme Lodge held in New York, Oct. 1895. In June, 1891, he was elected captain of Abraham Lincoln Commandery, Uniform Sir Knights, Sons of St. George, which office he held for two years, and in Aug., 1893, was elected brigadier general of the first Rhode Island Brigade of the same branch of the order. He received his commission from Lieutenant General H. R. vSurles of Worcester, Mass., for three years. In January, 1896, he was re-elected to this com- mand, receiving his comniis,sion, Feb. i, from Major General John Walker of Chicago. 111. June, 1878, he was married to Ann Worlh- ington. of Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, England, by which union there are seven chil- dren : Annie, b. F"airfield, North Manchester, England : Ivmuia, b. Nov. 5. 1881 ; George, b. July II, 1884; Alice, b. July 10, 1S86 : Nellie, b. Aug. 23, 1887; Annie, b. Jutie 28, 1891; Ella. b. Oct. 10, 1893. All the children except the oldest were born in Central F'alls. SMITH, Benjamin Ford, contractor and builder, was born in tUocesler, R. I., Oct. 2^,, 442 ILLUSTRATI'I) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. 1846, and was educated at the public schools until he attained his i6th year, when he learned the carpenter's trade. At the expiration of his apprenticeship he took a year's course at IIk' old Lajihani Institute, North Scituate, K. I. Leaving the Institute in 1.S66 he worked (or many contractors and builders in various parts of Rhode Island and acquired proficiency at his trade. In 1S73 he came to Pawtucket and was foreman with Kenyon, Drown & Co., contractors and builders until 187S. Upon the retirement of Mr. Drown in iSjS he was admitted to the firm, which was then conducted under the style of Kenyon, Whitaker & Smith. In 1881 Mr. Kenyon retired, when the firm became Whita- ker & Smith, but in iSyi Mr. Smith purchased Mr. Whitaker' s interest and has since continued the business alone. After Mr. Kenyon 's retirement, Whitaker & .Smith built the Slater and Lorraine mills and the Dunnell printworks in Pawtucket, the Nourse mill in Woon.socket, and many other buildings of note. Since Mr. Smith succeeded to the sole ownership of the business he has built among others the St. Joseph's parochial school on Walcott street and the First Methodi.st church on High street. The building now occupied by Mr. Smith at 29 to 39 Mason street was built 1)>- the firm in 1883, and although it is extensive it barely suffices to accommodate the continuallx- increasing business, which has grown In fi\e times its original proportions. Mr. .Smith takes contracts all over the New lingland states and at present he is building two large factories in New Bedford, Mass., namely, the new Whit- man and Grinnell mills. Mr. Smith takes an active part in local affairs and was a member of the school board for three years. He has occupied nearly every office in Washington Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's As.sociation. He attends the Universal- ist church on High street. Nov. 11, 1875, he was married to Georgina A. Harris of North Scituate, by which union there is one child, Mabel F., b. June 12, 1878. The father of Mr. vSmith was a contractor and builder in Burrillville, R. I., where he was 1). in iSij, and d. there Sept., 1878. He married Caroline Cromwell of Charleston, South Carolina, and tlie\- had four children ; Hannah ,S., b. in 1S41, in ,Sa\'annah, C.a., now the wife of II. .\. Potter, Pascoag, R. I.: Benjamin K., 1). 184(1, in Glocester, R. I.; Phoebe A., b. 1S48, in Glocester, R. I.; Clifford G., b. 1851, in Burrillville, R. I., d. 1S86. SniTH, Edmund Hubert, was born in Burrillville, R. I., May 27, 1849, and is a scion of an old family long conspicuous in that town. His ancestors settled in Burrillville in the vicinity of Tarkiln, and also in Smithfield early in the last centur\-. Until he was 17 years old he attended the public schools of his native town, and then for two years went to the Lapham Institute. W^hen he was 19 years of age he began work in a grocery store at Mohegan, R. I. He then went to Harrisville, and was a clerk in a store for seven j-ears. From there he went to Mapleville, where he opened a general store and continued the business for two years, when he sold out, returned to Harrisville and bought out the grocery and general store of Leander Sherman. Four years later he sold out to Wood Bros. In 1889 he came to Paw- tucket and purchased a half interest in C. E. I'reeman's grocery .store. From that time the business was conducted under the name of Free- man & vSmith until 189 1 , when Mr. Smith bought out Mr. Freeman's interest and since then he has operated the business under his own name. The store was at 99 to loi North Main .street until June 1895, when it was removed to the present location, Nos. 122 to 126 Exchange street. SMITH, Edward, the third child of Edward and Mary (Conlin) vSmith, was born in the County Monaghan, Ireland, May 16, 1842. His father was a well-to-do farmer and tilled the same soil that his ancestors had cultivated for many generations before him. He was famed for his love of good horses, of which he had many fine specimens, was a man of fine physiciue, standing nearly 6 feet in height, broad shoul- dered and muscidar, and was beloved b}- those who knew him for his sterling honesty and gen- tle disposition. BIOGRAPHIES. 443 Edward attended the national schools of his native country until he attained his 15th 3'ear, when he devoted his entire time to his father's farm. At the expiration of two years he turned his steps towards the United States. In 1859 he arrived at Pawtucket. Shortly afterwards he secured employment at East Greenwich, in the engraving department of a calico printworks, where he remained for two jears. His ambition to learn a trade was ungratified until 1861, when he started as a currier in Pawtucket, and worked at this business for six j-ears, during which time by frugality he accumulated sufficient capital to enable him to start in business for himself. In 1867 he opened a general grocery .store, in connection with a Mr. Tierney, under the firm name of Tierney & Smith, on Water street, Pawtucket. This partnership continued until 1877, when Mr. Smith purchased his part- ner's interest and has since conducted the busi- ness alone, and located at his present store 13 and 15 North Main street. Mr. Smith has con- ducted several other stores, has been successful, and is considered wealthy. He is vice-president of the American Brewing Co., of Boston, a stockholder in the Meadville Distilling Co., of Pennsylvania, an owner and director in the Alley Brewing Co., of Boston, and has been agent for Frank Jones of Portsmouth, N. H., for the past 24 years. From his youth up, Mr. Smith has been a politician. He began his active political career even before he left his native land. When he attained his majority in the United States he affiliated with the Democratic party and has ever since acted w^ith it. He has always been a leader, and to his counsel and management much of the success of the Democracy in Paw- tucket in the past is due. When Pawtucket became a city he was the first alderman elected from the second ward. He held the office for six consecutive years, 1886 to 1892, and was president of the board in 1890. He was again elected and ser\-ed during 1894. Mr. Smith was a delegate to the convention which in 1SS4 nominated Mr. Cleveland for the presidency the first time, for whom he voted at the subsec|uent election. July 14, 1863, he was married to Ann Helen Fullen of Pawtucket, and by this union there were four children, all boys: Edward vS., b. May 28, 1864, d. Dec. 20, 1895; William F., b. April 2, 1866: John P., b. Feb. 28, 1869; and Joseph H., b. Jan. 11, 1874, d. Feb. 23, 1896. William F. and John P., the two sur- viving sons, are in business with their father. SMITH, Henry Thurston, fourth child of Peter Carpenter and Ann ( Luther) vSmith, was born Sept. 10, 1855, at Warren, R. I., where he attended the public schools until he was 13 years old. ITpon leaving school he went to work for the Gorham Manufacturing Co., and later engaged in business on his own account. He invented a method of manufacturing seam- less wire. In 1890 he organized the Standard Seamless Wire Co., of Central Falls, and became its superintendent, which position he stills holds. In politics he is a Republican. He attends the Universalist church. July 18, 1877, he was married to Elmira Jenks Perkins ,of Providence, b\' which union there is one child, Harold Per- kins, born June 11, 1879. SMITH, John Patrick, the third child of Edward and Ann Helen (F'ullen) Smith, was born Feb. 28, 1869, at Pawtucket. He attended the public schools of his native town and com- pleted his education at the Bryant & Stratton Business College, Providence. He is associated in business with his father, and is the active manager of the business. Mr. vSmith belongs to Court City of Paw- tucket, No 13, Foresters of America, to Lodge No. 14, Providence, Order of Elks, and to various social organizations. Following in the footsteps of his father, he has always manifested a great interest in local politics, and by his energy and abilit>' has demonstrated his right to leadership. SNOW, J. Frank, was born in Central Falls, R. I., in 1857, and with his parents moved to Pawtucket in 1S63. He attended the Paw- tucket juiblic and high schools. His business life began in the jewelry manufactories of W^il- liam C. Greene, and T. Quagle & Co., at Provi- dence. After eight years' experience he aban- doned the jewelry line. In 1883 he went into 444 lLI,rSTRAT];i) HISTORY OF I'AW TUCKET. business in a printing office with his brother in Central Falls and in 1.SS5 came to Pawtucket, locating on F^ast avenue. He made a specialty of advertising novelties and built up a prosper- ous business. In 1891 he with his brother organized the Eastern Advertising Co., of which he is treasurer and manager, with Iv. E. FVee- man, president, and E. W. Snow, also a treas- urer and secretary. In i.Sij^ In- niovetl lo larger quarters in the liridge mill. The com- pany is now located at 730 Central avenue in its own factory, which was built in the spring of 1894, and the concern is recognized as a leader in advertising novelties and has an extensive trade throughout the United States. In politics Mr. Snow is a Republican. In 1882 he was married to Mabel D. lildredge of East Providence, and to them one child was born, M. Ivstella. His first wife died in 1890, and he was married to E. Estella Guild of Pawtucket in 1892 and l)y this union there is one child, Marion Frances. The grandfather of J. Frank was engaged in the express and teaming business in Central Falls and died in that city. His father was born in South Dartmouth, Mass., moved to Central Falls, and carried on business as a grocer in Pawtucket, where he at present resides. The vSnow family is of English origin. SNOW, Robert J., was born in Providence in 1828, and was the oldest child of Robert T. and Betsey Elizabeth (Burr) Snow. He came to Pawtucket with his parents in 1831. His education he .secured mainly by his own exer- tions, as he worked for various persons and at the same time attended the public schools in Pawtucket. When 17 years old he was appren- ticed to John B. Read and learned the trade of a tinsmith in a shop on Main street which occu- pied the location where the eating house of S. B. Havens & Co. now is. When he became a journeyman he worked for a number of other tinsmiths. From July 16, 1850, until 1854, he worked for Sumner F'ifield. In 1854 he went, via the Isthmus of Panama, to the California gold fields. He dug for gold in the Gilroy Val- ley and in the Sierras, and met with some suc- cess, but not enough to satisfy him. So he went to San FVancisco and started in again at his trade. While in California lie hitched up the first team on tlie famous (ixerland route to Kansas, which carried the United States mail, and which met with many thrilling experiences in the line of stage coach robberies. In 1858 he returned east, via Panama, to Pawtucket. Here he entered the employ of Cudworth, iMfield & Co., in the tinsmith business, and he lias since continued with this firm and their succes- sors, Cudworth, Carpenter & Fifield, and the E. P. Carpenter Co. For many years he has been the chief manager of the tinsmith depart- ment of the I{. P. Carpenter Co., and he is a silent partner in the company. He has devel- oped the business, which is now many times larger than when he first took hold of it. The firm manufactures all sorts of utensils from tin, copper and other .sheet metals, and also does general jobbing and contracting for tin roofing, and all other metal work upon buildings. For many years Mr. Snow was a very active Democrat, but always refused to accept office. He has been a member of the Pawtucket X'eteran Firemen's Association since its organization. He ran with the machine for many years, and participated in the run of the Deluge from the house on Water street to Exchange place. Providence, when the distance was made in 38 minutes. At the big fire at that time he had a very narrow escape from death b)' falling walls. He is a member of Barney Merry Lodge of Masons and of Good Samaritan Lodge, No. 8, I. O. O. F\, in which he is now Past Noble Grand, Pa.st Chief Patriarch and Past High Priest. He belongs to the Daughters of Rebecca, F^ureka Lodge, No. 5, K. of P., in which he is a past officer. For many j^ears he was a mem- ber of the Pawtucket Light Guard. SPAULDING, George Henry, was born Aug. 27, 1840, in ,Siiiithfield, R. I., and is the third child of William W. and Miranda (Arnold) Spaulding. He attended the public schools of Lincoln, R. 1., uiilil lie was 15 years old. He was first employed in a grocery store, lint sul)- sequently learned the trade of a silversmitli. In 1861 he joined Company B, ist Rhode Island WILLKM '^. SCHOLZE, » GLENLVON DYE WORKS EAYLES SYLVESTER C. SHERMAN BENJAMIti F. SMlTh CONTRACTOR AND BUILDE EDMU^4D H. SMITH, J. FRANK SNOW, TREASURER EASTERN ADVERTISING CO. ROBERT J. SNOW, TINSMITH. 446 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAW TUCKET. Cavalry, and was in many important battles during the civil war. He acted as orderly for Generals Sheridan, Hooker, Meade and Aber- cronibe and was honorably discharged Aug. ,^, 1865. He then went to work at his trade for the Gorham Manufacturing Co., Providence. Within three years he was made foreman of the knife department. In 1871 he went with the Whitney Manufacturing Co., Attleboro, having charge of the knife department. In 1876 he opened a general provision store at 94 Hawes street, Central Falls. In 1887, in conjunction with his two brothers, he established the Central Falls Ice Co. Sub-sequentlj' he purchased the interest of his partners and now conducts the business alone at 94 Hawes street, Central Falls. In politics he is a Republican ; has been one of the firewards, and at the present time is a member of the Central Falls city council. He attends the High street Universalist church. He is a member of the R. vS. of G. F., and Ballou Post, G. A. R. Sept. 24, 1874, he was married to Abbie W. Thayer, of Woonsocket, by which union there are two children : Walter T., b. Sept. 9, 1877; Bessie L., b. Sept. 5, 1880. Mr. Spaulding comes of an old New England family. His mother was b. Oct. p,i. 1815: his father was b. 1S08, d. Feb. 22, 1850, at vSmith- field. SPENCER, Charles L., si.Ktli child of Charles and Lucy (Dewey) vSpencer, was born June 12, 1829, at Windsor, Conn., where he attended the public schools until he was 16 j-ears old. His first employment was on his father's farm. In 1850 he was employed as a switchman on the Providence and Worcester railroad. He con- tinued in the emploj' of this railroad for some thirty years. In 1880 he was appointed man- ager of the H. D. Spencer coal and wood busi- ness at Central Falls. In 1892 he opened on his own account, coal and wood yards on the corner of Foundry and Railroad streets. Central Falls, which business he now conducts. In politics he is an independent. Jan. 8, 1853, he was married to lilma Williams, of Pawtucket, by which union there are two children : Ellen Enielia, b. Oct. 4, 1854; Hattie Lillian, b. .\ug. 13. 1859; his first wife died May 14, 1876. He was married to Abbey F. Dennis, of Patience Island, Narragansett Ha>-, R. I., from which union there is no issue. SPENCER, Henry L., the son of Job L. and the grandson of Gideon L. vSpencer, was born Oct. 15, i860, in North Providence. He obtained his education in a private school and in the public and high .schools of Pawtucket. After his school days were over he was employed with his father in the manufacture of yarn in the old Slater mill, which had became the prop- erty of the Spencer family. In 1881 he started as a side issue the bicycle business, and is the pioneer dealer in Pawtucket and the second in the state. He used the structure adjoining the Old Slater Mill for a sale and wareroom, and .still continues to do business at that location. For several seasons he has used the top floor of the old mill for a bicycle riding school. This old building has had carried on within its walls, during the space of a little over one hundred years, many varieties of industry', and the range from the first successful cotton spinning machin- er)- to the bicycle represents an epitome of the progress of the century. Mr. Spencer has seen many competitors enter the field and retire — the business not warranting heavy expenses or reckless display because of its short season of real profit in the spring and summer months. By a conser\ative and modest conduct of his business, with the experience of fifteen years in the trade, anil the ever growing confidence of his patrons, Mr. Spencer hopes to continue with reasonable profit to himself and satisfaction to his cus- tomers. During the winter months Mr. .Spencer travels the Middle and New England states appointing agents and looking after the whole- sale trade of one of the leading bicycle manufac- turing companies of the country. Mr. Spencer deals in some of the finest bicycles made in this country. He is agent for the Sterling, made by the Sterling Cycle Works, Chicago; and the Cleveland, made !)>• H. A. Lozier iS: Co., Tliomiison, Cmin.. and Toledo, Ohio. He is a member ol ,St. I'nid's Eiiiscupal church and belongs to the T. K. Club, and the Rhode Island Wheelmen ol Providence. In BIOGRAPHIES. 447 politics he is a Republican. l'"or some j'ears he was clerk of the third ward, and served at the first election when the Australian ballot was used. April 9, 1890, at St. Elizabeth, N. J., he was married to Margaret S. Allen, b\' which union there are two sons. Cideon L. Spencer, the grandfather of Henry L., was one of the men who contributed greatly to the upbuilding of the business of Pawtucket in the first half of the present cen- tury. He was one of Samuel Slater's first vSuuday school scholars, worked when a child in the old mill, then became a tailor and car- ried on business as such for many years, until retiring from acti\e commercial life. SPENCER, Micah W., was born in 1S54 at Newport, R. I., and is the son of Thomas A. and Matilda R. (Read) Spencer. After com- pleting his schooling at the Newport high school he was a salesman successively in the dry goods stores of Edward Mason & Co., H. W. Ladd & Co., and Shepard & Co., Providence, and so far progressed in the business that he became an expert buyer of laces. In 1886 he came to Pawtucket to the mills of D. Goff & Son, as cashier and paymaster, which positions he stills holds. Mr. Spencer is a Republican, and is a member of the Garfield Club. In 1893 he was elected secretan,- of the Pawtucket License Commission, which position he at present occu- pies. He belongs to Enterprise Lodge, I. O. (). F., and Pawtucket Council Royal Arcanum. In 1881 he was married to Emma E. Blanchard, of Rehoboth, Mass., and the}^ have one child, Clifford P., b. in 18S3. The Spencer famih- originated in England and settled in Rhode Island several generations since. Thomas, the grandfather, and Thomas A., the fatlier of Micah, were born at East Greenwich. SPRING, nerrill, .son of Elisha and Catherine (Wheeler) Spring, was born in Hubbardstown, Mass., in 1821. His parents moved to Grafton, where he attended the public schools. When 15 years old he went to work in a shoe factory at Grafton, and two years later entered the cot- ton mills of H. «& S. B. Chace, learned the business, and became overseer. In 1843 he was transferred to the mills at \'alle\- Falls, where he remained some 25 years. About 1868 he was appointed superintendent of the mills of the Abbott Run Co., which position he held until about 1876, when the water privilege was taken by Pawtucket and the mills were perman- ently closed. He then took charge of the com- jiany's property and tenements, which position he now holds. In politics he is a Republican. He attends the Universalist church. In 1843 he was married to Louisa Clapp of Grafton, by which union there are three children : Charles Edgar, F^lla V. and Mary I. Mr. Spring lives in the old Titus house in \'alley Falls, which was built early in this century. STANLEY, Arthur Willis, fourth child of John Herbert and Cornelia (Draper) .Stanley, was born Sept. 30, 1847, in Attleboro, Mass. He received his early education in the public schools of Attleboro, and Irvington, N. Y., whither hi> parents removed in 1859. In 1865 his parents returned to Attleboro and in 1867 he came to Pawtucket and entered the employ of Draper, Atwood & Co., soap manufacturers. Mr. Draper purchased his partner's interests, and in 1871 Mr. Draper and Mr. Stanley formed a copartnership under the firm name of J. O. Draper & Co., and the business is carried on at the present time at the original location, 165 and 166 Front street, corner Clay street. Mr. .Stanley was one of the original members of the manufacturing jewelrj- firm of Kent & Stanley. The Kent & Stanley building, corner Aborn and Sabin streets. Providence, the most modern building for manufacturing purposes in this vicinity, was named after this firm. In 1 88 1 -2 Mr. Stanley was a member of the Pawtucket town council. He is a member of the Congregational Society of Central Falls, the Pawtucket Y. M. C. A., the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, the Knights of Honor, and is a charter member of A. O. U. W. Sejit. 17, 1S73, he was married to Eunice Shep- ard, daughter of Henry F. May and Elizabeth (Cushman) Shepard of Providence, by which union there have been six children : Henry W.,b. Sept. 18, 1875; May Cushman, b. Sept. 20, 1S76; John Lawrence, b. Aug. 3, 1880, d. Nov. 9, 1890; Joseph Allerton, b. May 10, 1882; 44> I,l,rSTR ATI'!!) HISTORY OF PA\VTUCK1':T Kuiiice lUi/.abeUi, h. May 20, iS.SS ; Arthur Lincoln, b. April 23, 1S93. Mr. vStanley represents the ninth generation of his family in America, nian\- - sequently incorporated under the name of the Stearns & Foster Co., is a going concern at the present time. Mr. Stearns sold his interest to his brother in 1850 and went to California, where he started the first steam laundr\- in that state and did a large business. He also en gaged in xarious enterprises, among which were operating a .steam ferry between San Francisco and Oakland, of which he was half owner and commander. This was the first steam ferry be tween those cities. He also operated a saw mill in San Jose, where was prepared the redwootl used in the construction of buildings ; kept a store in the town of Oilroy : and was engaged in the cattle business. In 1853 he returned to Cincinnati and again engaged in the wadding business, but owing to ill health left in 1857 and engaged in the nuinntacture of hardware in the city of P>nffalo, X. V., where in the great panic of that year he lo.st nearly all his propert\'. He then went to Illinois, where he operated a saw mill and farm in Sangamon county. In i8() 1 he came to Pawtucket and engaged in the wad- ding business with Darius Cioff. F^'roni this modest l)eginning has grown the Union Wadding Co., which, in 1S71, was incorporated, and of which Mr. Stearns is vice-president and superintendent. In 1 89 1 -2 he was lieutenant-governor of the state of Rhode Island. Mr. Stearns was prominent in public affairs and represented the town of Lincoln in both brunches of the .state legislature, being a mem- ber ol the house from 1878 to iSSi, and a mem- ber of the senate from 1881 to 1884, and again a mendjer of the senate in 1S87 and 1888. He was a member of the committee which investi- gated the state institutions. He introduced the act creating the State Home and School, was chairman of the board of commisioners to select and purchase the site and buildings, and ha.s been chairman of the board of control since its organization. In June 25, 1856, he was married to Kate, daughter of J. H. and Charlotte Smith F'al- coner, of Hamilton, Ohio, by which union there have been eight children: Deshler Falconer, b. Aug. 7, 1857 > Oeorge Rus.sell, b. Jan. 19, i860; W'alter Henry, b. Jan. 3, 1862 ; Kate Russell, b. July 21, 1864; Charles Falconer, b. July 27, 1.S66: Henry Foster, b. March 3, 1868: Anna Russell, b. Jan 4, 1873, d. F"eb. 7, 1874; Caro- line Cranston, b. Jan. iS, 1875. Mr. Stearns is in the sex-enth generation of his family in America, being a descendant of Isaac Stearns who came to this country from F^ngland in 1630 and settled in Watertown, Mass. The family originated in lingland, and descended from Richard Sterne, Archbishop of York, Nottinghamshire, F^ngland. STEPHANS, Jacob, third child of Henry and Carlotta (Wagner) Stephans, was born at Rehborn, Germany, Aug. 8, 1854. He attended school in his native town, and in 1869 emigrated to America and located at Woonsocket where he was employed in the rubber work. In 1S76 he worked at Forestdale and later returned to Woon- socket where he went to work for George Miller. In 1878 he came to Pawtucket and engaged with Cole Bros., later with W. H. Ha.skell &; Co., ami in 1 88 1 with the Pawtucket Manufacturing Co., in which latter establishment he had charge of the press room, and subsequently was placed in charge of the bolt department. In June, 1895, he associated himself with Charles H. Hlood- 'jood and organized the Pawtucket Nut Co., of BIOGR APIIIKS. 440 wliicli he is manager, located on Jenks avenue, rear of 170 Main street. In politics he is a Republican, and in 1894 and 1895 was council- man from the fourth ward. He belongs to the Odd Fellows, Veteran Fireman's Association, and the A. O. V. W . In 1874 he was married to Jennie Cameron of I'awtucket, by which union there are four children: vSarah, b. 1.S76 ; Albert, b. 1878: Carlotta, b. 1882; Isabelle, b. 1886. STILLMAN, George Courtland, was born Dec. 7, 1842, at North Stonington, Conn., and is the only son of David and Rebecca (Brown) Stillman. He attended the public schools of his native town and the high school at Westerly, R. I. When 18 }-ears old he became a school teacher, which occupation he followed for five j-ears. In 1867 he joined with Edwin A. Lewis in opening a grocery store. Four years later he bought out Mr. Lewis's interest and con- ducted the business alone until 1880 when he sold out and went into the employ of A. B. McCrillis & Co., wholesale commission mer- chants, Providence, as a trav'eling salesman, which position he retained for seven years. In 1887 he came to Pawtucket and established a commission business which is now conducted at 12 and 14 Phillips street, Central Falls. Mr. Stillman has been active in politics, and was a member of the Lincoln town council for two years. He is also prominent in church work. being clerk of the Broad Street Baptist church, president of the church society, and has been leader of the choir for ten years. He is Past Master of Jenks Lodge A. F. and A. M. of Central Falls, and Past Connnander of Holy Sepulchre Conmandery, Knights Temjilars, Pawtucket. Aug. 25, 1865, he was married to Louisa A. Coe of New Shoreham. R. 1. STINESS, Samuel Q., was born in Fast Douglas, Mass., vSepl. 4, i.S2y. and was the second son of Philip Bes.som and Mary (Marsh) Stiness. He came to Providence with his parents when nine years old, and there he received his education in the public schools. He then served an apprenticeship to the jewelry trade with Sackett, Davis & Potter, and worked as a journeyman for several years. In 1853, when 24 years of age, he began on his own account the manufacture of watch kej- pipes, which he carried on until the advent of stem winding watches and the outbreak of the war of the rebellion both operated to destroy this indus- try. At the first call for troops he enlisted, l)eing commissioned with the rank of captain. After recovering from an attack of smallpox, he with Henry Pearce mustered a company in Providence, and he was dispatched to Washing- ton b}^ Governor Sprague with a detachment of these recruits. Here he was again stricken down with sickness, and on his recovery his constitution was so impaired that he had to BRASS FOUNDRY OF WILLIAM NEWELL STARTED IN 1845 IN CUMBERLAND R I. HOMESTEAD OF WILLIAM NEWELL, LT IN 1776 BV HIS GRANDFATHER JASON NEWElL. 450 I I.LUSTK ATlvI) HISTORY OK 1' AW TU C K IvT. _t;:i\e up all hojic of lurtlu-r service in the iu"m\ . In the sununer ol 1S64 Mr. Stiness accepted a ])osilioii in the I{ast Station of the Providente (ias Conipanw and showed such aptness and adaptabilitx that at the end of fi\e \ears he was recommended for appointniint as agent and general manager of the I'awiiuket Gas Com- pany. This position lie held iintil his death. Under his control the works were thoronghl\- reorganized, the most modern and aiijiroNed appliances were adopted, and durini; his connec- tion with the company its capital was increased from $100,000 to $600,000, and its gas mains extended from eleven to seventy miles. He was one of the founders of the New England Asso- ciation of Gas Engineers, of which for three years he was president. He was also a niend)er of the Guild of Gas Managers, of the Society of Gas Li.ghting, and was vice-president of the American Gas Light Association for several years. Many improvements in the methods of maiuifacturing gas were devised by him, and he was the author of a number of able papers deliv- ered before the various gas associations on mat- ters pertaining to the industry. Nov. 5, 1894, Mr. Stiness was killed instantl>-, in tlie early evening, while on his wa>- home, 1)\- l)eing struck by a train at the Broad street crossing, Pawtucket. In the Masonic Order, Mr. Stine.ss attained great ])rominence. In 1X64 he united with What Cheer Lodge, Providence ; but four years later severed his connection to assi.st in forming Corinthian Lodge, of which he was master in 187,^-4. He was deputy grand master of the Grand Lodge of Rhode Island in 1887-8, was a member of the Providence Royal Arch Chapter, the Grand Chapter, the Providence Council of Royal and vSelect Ma.sters and was eminent commander of Calvary Commandery, No. 13, Knights Templars. He was also a mem- ber of the Pawtucket Business Men's Associa- tion, and of the Providence Marine As.socia- tion. In politics Mr. vStiness was a Republi- can. He belonged to the Episcopal churth. He was married in 1854 to Sarah, daughter of James Hutchinson, and she, with two of the three sons who were born to them, still sur\-i\es. A nundjer of the ancestors of Mr. Stiness were conspicuous in the revolution. One of the brothers of Mr. Stiness, John H., is an asso- ciate justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court. Another brother, Philip B., was for many years clerk of the .Sixth District Court, Providence. STRATTON, Arthur Talmadge, first child of John T. and Anna (Wilson) Stratton, was born in West Chazy, Clinton county. New York, Oct. 24, 1854. His parents in 185S removed to Chateaugay, N. Y., where he attended the public schools. He then took a course at the Franklin Academy, Malone, N. Y., from which he was graduated in 1884. Soon after he entered the University of \'ermont, and during part of the time, while pursuing his studies there, was assi.stant secretary- of the Bur- lington Young Men's Christian Association, thereby meeting some of his" college expenses. In 1885 he was a delegate to the conference of college students, at Moody's .school. North- field, when the "volunteer movement" was inaugurated. He spent some time at the vSpringfield, Mass., school for training general secretaries. His first field of labor as general secretary was at Middlebury, Vt. He then went to Dover, N. H., where he remained more than three years. Mr. Stratton came to Paw- tucket, June, 1891, as general secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association, which posi- tion he now holds. The association had been organized but a j-ear and a half when Mr. Strat- ton undertook its direction, but his thorough methods have placed it in the first rank. It now has finely appointed quarters and a large membership. Mr. Stratton is a member of the First Free Baptist church. June 25, 1888, he was married to luiniia Isabelle Harvey of Middlebury, Xt., by which union there have been three children : Philip Harold, b. July 24, 1889 ; Arthur T., Jr., b. May 21, 1892, d. April 5, 1894; Ruth Anna, b. June 14, 1894. The Adam Sutcliffe Co., at 14 Leather avenue carries on one of the largest book, job and commercial printing establishments in the BIOGRAPHIES. 45' BUILDING OF THE ADAM SUTCLIFFE CO. State. One of the departments is devoted to lithographic, type and plate printing, and an- other to the manufacture of shipping tags, tickets, gum labels and stationers' specialties. The latter is operated under the name of the Salisbury Manufacturing Co., but is owned by and is a part of the general business of the con- cern. In 1880 Adam Sutcliffe started in the printing business on North Main street, but the business increased on his hands so rapidly that in 1886 the present company was incorporated. Samuel M. Conant is president and Adam Sut- cliffe, secretary and treasurer. TAYLOR, Jude, is of the second generation of the family in America. His father came from Edenfield, Lancashire, England, in the early part of this century, and arri\ed in Bridgeport, Conn., under contract with manufacturers of woolen goods, as a finisher of broadcloths, flan- nels and blankets. Jude was born in Edenfield, Lancashire, England, March 14, 1822, and was the twelfth child of Jude and Elizabeth (Cook) Taylor. Both his parents lived to be over 80 years of age. He came to this country when 15 years of age, landing in Boston on Aug. 12, 1837. He at once joined his father in Paw- tucket. His first occupation was a tier boy in the Dunnell printworks, where he remained six months, leaving to learn engraving for calico printing with Samuel Lord in the LeHaxour building, rear of the .stone Iniilding on North Main street. Here he served seven years ap- prentice.ship, and then worked four years as a journeyman. In 1849, in partnership with Charles Payne, he established himself in busi- ness as a calico print engrav'er under the firm name of Payne & Taylor in the LeFavour Iniilding, but so rapid was the growth of their enterprise that in four 3'ears they were com- pelled to seek larger quarters and removed to Dr. Manchester's building, rear of North Main street, where they remained until 1856, when thej' removed into their own building on East avenue, then Pleasant street. At this time they employed a large force of engravers and designers. They continued to prosper until new methods superseded the old, and the demand for their worked ceased. In the meantime Payne & Taylor became interested in the manufacture of haircloth, and in 1863 purchased the plant of the Boston Hair Cloth Co. This business was continued until March, 1893, when the firm was consolidated with the Pawtucket Hair Cloth Co., under the name of the American Hair Cloth Co., of which Mr. Taylor is now vice-president. He is also treasurer of the American Yarn Co., vice-president of the Paw- tucket Institution for Savings, and a director of the Pacific National Bank. Mr. Taylor served on the Pawtucket town council from 1S76 to 1881. He has always taken a deep interest in the welfare of his adopted city. In 1846 he was married to Amy T., daughter of Deacon Talbot Jenks of Pawtucket, by which union there were four children : Thomas B., Alice, Louisa. Cathleen, and Ivnuna Florence. TENNEY, Alfred E., of the A. E. Tenney Manufacturing Co., 106 Broad street, Paw- tucket, is the only child of Earl and Mary P. (Wheeler) Tenney, and was born March 19, 1834, at Pepperell, Mass. He attended the public schools at Townsend, Mass., until he was 16 years old, after which be learned the machinist trade. In 1861 he came to Provi- dence, was connected with the Providence Tool Co. in the manufacture of firearms and sewing machines for 20 years; then became associated with Capl. William Jeffers in the manufacture of fire engines in Pawtucket. He finally suc- ceeded to the business, and branched out into the manufacture of general and special machin- ery, and the concern was organized under its 452 nraiiitree, until after his father's death, when he with others removed to a near plantation called Nipimig (now Mendon), Worcester county, Mass. He was the largest proprietor, and his residence was a little south of the pres- ent center of the town on the Providence road. He was active and became distinguished both in local and .state affairs ; amassed a large for- tune for those days, and was enabled to leave all his sons farms at his death. Some of them became extensive land owners, and many of their descendants occupy the land to this daj'. He married Huldah Hayward of Braintree, Mass., by whom he had 12 children, the five first named were born in Braintree, the others in Mendon : .Sarah, b. May 21, 1654 ; Huldah, b. June 27, 1657 ; Jonathan, b. March 29, 165S ; David, b. July i, 1660, d. Aug. 12, 1674: Naomi, b. Feb. 7, 1662 ; Thomas, Samuel, Isaac, Josiah, ICbenezer, Benjamin ; David, bap- tized .Sept. 17, i'i77, d. Sept. i, 1690; F'erdin- anda, d. at Mendon, March 28, 1713. His wife (li(.'(l .Sept. I, ifKjo. The line of descent is tiirough ; Isaac (3), the eighth child of F'erdinanda and Huldah Hayward. lie was a farmer and li\ed at Mendon, Mass. He was married twice and had i 1 children. His first marriaue was on ROBERT H. SIMMONS, CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER. MERRILL SPRING, GEfi PROPERTY ABBOTT RUN CO. MICAH W. SPENCER, LICENSE COMMISSIONER 1893-16 GEORGE C. STILLMAN, : GEORGE C. STILLMAN & CO., COMMISSION M ANDREW A. THOMPSON, ASTER MECHANIC LORRAINE MILL JAMES THOMPSON, JR., OVERSEER CARDING SLATER COTTON CO. 454 ILLUSTRATKH HISTORY OF PAWTUCKRT. April 12, 169 1, to Mercy Ward, by which union there were four children : Mary, b. Nov. 2, 1693 ; Isaac, b. Sept. 24, 1695 ; P)benezer, b. Sept. 6, 1697; Comfort, b. Feb. 19, 1700. His first wife died Dec. iS, 1700, and in 1703 he married Murv, b\ whom he had .seven chil- dren. Il will be noticed that the first child by this wife is called Mary no doubt after the mother, but the first child of Mercy is also called Mary ; if she died before the birth of the second Mary, there is no record of it ; and it may be assumed that this is a mistake, the first child was undoubtedly called Mercy. The names of the children l)y the second wife are as follows: Mary, b. Dec. 22, 1704; John, b. May 6, 1706; Nathaniel, b. April 20, 1708; Moses, b. May 10, 1710; vSamuel, b. 1713; Jo.seph, b. 1715; and Ichabod, b. March 17, 1 72 1. His wife died in 1730. The line of descent is through : Ebenezer (4), third child of Isaac and Mercy Ward. He was a farmer, settled at Bcllingham, Mass., married Mary Wheelock, May 9, 1 7 19, and had eight children : Ebenezer, 1). June 1720; Huldah, b. March, 1722; Eliza- beth. 1). 1724; Micah, b. 1726; Isaac, b. March II, 1729; Abigail, b. Nov. 11, 1731 ; Peter, b. 1733 : and Lydia, b. 1736. The line of descent is Ihrough : Captain Ebenezer (5), first child of l'"benezer and Mary Wheelock. He took a prominent and active part in public affairs in Bellingham, Mass., where he owned a large farm. He married Hannah Greene of Mendon, Mass., April 24, 1734, and had six children : Hannah, b. Dec. 3, 1735 : Ebenezer, b. Ma\- 21, 1737 ; Lydia, b. July 31, 1739; Elias, b. June 22, 1742; Silas, b. Nov. 30, 1746; and Huldah, b. Sept. 19, 1749. His wife d. in 17.S3. The line of descent is through ; Ebenezer (6), second child of Captain FCbenezer and Hannah Greene. He was a farmer in Bellingham, Mass. He married a relative, Martha, daughter of Uriah and Rachael Thayer, May, 1756. They had seven children: Thaddeus, b. Aug. 10, 1760; Cal- vin, b. July 7, 1763 ; Luther, b. Oct., 1767 ; Irene, b. Sept. 16, 1770; Ebenezer, b. Nov. 29, 1772; and Pliilo, b. 1779. He died at Bellingham, Mass., in 1779. The line of des- cent is through : Ebenezer (7), ( sth child "I I^benezer ( fi ) and Martha Thayer) is grandfather of both branches of the Pawtucket family. He, like his ancestors, was a farmer of considerable means and lived in Bellingham, Mass. He mar- ried Sabra Darling of Bellingham, June 28, 1798. He was a kind and affectionate man, and many of his grandchildren cherish his memory, and recall with pleasure the old white straw hat in which he always kept a store of the best apples for his beloved grandchildren. He had five children: Alanson, b. Feb. 17, 1799; Willard, b. April 18, 1802 ; Samuel, b. April 22, 1804; Miranda, b. Aug. 2, 1S08; and Per- le\- C, b. Jan. 27, 1.S12. Alanson (8), the father of Edward Thayer, was born in Bellingham, but at an early age (about 1820) removed to Pawtucket, R. I., and became a prominent manufacturer, accumulating a large fortune. He first engaged in the retail dry goods business, then in cotton maimfacttire with Benjamin L. and Ellis Pit- cher, and built the two mills on River street, near the bridge. He was successful in his career to a surprising degree. In public affairs he was also active and was a representative from Pawtucket in the lower house of the state legislature and also a member of the commis- sion to establish the state boundary line. He was a man of great benevolence and extremely charitable. He died May 12, 1869, beloved and regretted by the whole community. He was married twice and had 10 children. His first wife was Sally, daughter of Samuel Dar- ling P^sq., of Bellingham, Mass., by whom he had four children: Albert, b. June 20, 1819; Amanda, b. Jan. 21, 1S22 ; Alan,son, b. Feb. 6, 1826 ; and Sarah, b. Dec. 2, 1827. His finst wife died Feb. 6, 1828, aged 27 years and 4 months. He married his second wife, Perley Bates, March 2, 1831, and by this union had six children : vSabra, b. Oct. 19, 1831 ; Ellen, b. June 29, 1834, d. March 7, 1835; Henry, b. Oct. 4, 1S36, d. July 9, 1844; Ellen Maria, b. Nov. 19, 1839, d. Aug. 18, 1S41 ; Edward, b. EDWARD THAYER, LASURER LEBANON MILL BIOGRAPHIES. 455 March 22, i^^43: and Maria Lmiisa, h. Ma\' 7, 1S4S, (1. May iS, i,S4,S, Samuel (8), the tliinl child, was the father of Ellis and Philo E. Thayer. He mar- ried Miranda Sherman of Foxborough, Mass., in 1S26. He had a large farm at Bellingham, and during the portions of the season that it did not require all his attention he devoted his time to brush making with Aquila Cook. He was a man of magnificent physique, being over six feet in height, strong and powerfulh' built. He was of a pleasant and genial disposition, and was greatly respected. He dealt largely in cattle, raising steers and breaking them for agricultural purposes, and his early death was due to a .severe fall received while training a young steer. He died about 1858. He had six children: Allen, b. May 11, 1827; Ellis, b. June g, 1830; Julia Ann, b. Jan. 10, 1836; Sarah Wilber, b. Sept. 28, 1838 ; George Wes- ley, b. Sept. 28, 1844: and Philo Elisha, b. March 4, 1847. THAYER, Edward, treasurer of the Leb- anon Mill Co., 106 Broad street, Pawtucket, is of the ninth generation of the Thayer family in America. He is the fifth child of Alanson and Perley (Bates) Thayer, and was born March 23, 1843, in Pawtucket, Mass. He was educated in the public schools of his native town and was graduated from its high school. His first em- ployment was as a clerk in the Slater State Bank. When but eighteen years old he enlisted in the 9th Rhode Island Volunteers, under a call for three months' service. Upon his return he entered his father's mill to learn print cloth manufacturing, where he acquired a general knowledge of the business. He then went into partnership with James Taft, in the old Greene mill, on River street, where they manufactured braid, under the name of the Slater Braid Com- pany. This enterprise not proving a success he disposed of his interest and entered the firm of R. B. Gage & Co., manufacturers of cotton, yarn and knitted fabrics, whose mill was on the site of the historic Kent Mill, which is mentioned in the act incorporating Pawtucket in 1828. In 1867 Edward entered into partnership with his father, purchased this mill and conducted the Imsiiiess under the name of the Lebanon Mill Com])any. Less than two years later his father retired from liusiness and Edward conducted the establi.shment alone. In 1875 he had doubled the capacity of the enterprise and admitted S. Eugene Wood as a partner. In 1 88 1 he purchased Mr. Wood's interest. Feb- ruary, 1877, the mill was totally destroyed by fire, and he then .secured the Payne building on Broad street, when he confined the product to knitted fabrics. He is assisted in the business by his two sons, S. Willard and Alanson. He rebuilt on the site of the old mill, and the build- ing is now occupied by the Pawtucket Bleaching & Dyeing Company. Mr. Thayer has been prominent in i)oliti- cal affairs, having for many years been a mem- ber of the Republican town committee, served in the town council, was a member of the board of license commissioners, and for several sessions represented Pawtucket in the General Assembly. In 1892 he was a delegate to the National Republican Convention which nomi- nated Benjamin Harrison for president. He is a member of the Masonic Order, belongs to the Boston Home Market Club ; the New York Republican Club; the Manhattan Club, of New York ; the Providence Athletic Association ; the Union Club of Providence ; the Towsomett Club of Chatham, Mass.; and the Pawtucket Business Men's Association. He ser\-ed in the Pawtucket Calvary as sergeant and lieutenant ; and was lieutenant colonel and later colonel of the Tower Light Battery. He was commis- sioned major of the second brigade by Governor Burnside. May I, 1865, he was married to Emma L.. daughter of Simon Dexter, of Pawtucket, by which union there are six children : S. Willard, b. Oct. 5, 1868; Alanson, b. April 12, 1869; Amy J., b. March 9. 1871 ; I-'lorence. b. Dec. 31, 1872: I'Mward, Jr., b. Jan. 2, 1875: lunma 1)., b. Jan. 2, 1875. THAYER, Ellis, .son of Samuel and .Miranda (Sherman) Thayer, is of the ninth generation ol his familw He was born in Bellingham, Mass., June 9, 1830, and learned brushmaking from Aquila Cook. In 1850 he worked for T. 456 ILLUSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTUCKRT. Curtis & Son of Providence , llicii the oiiIn- brushniakers in UIkuIc Island, remaining with them two years, when he went to work in Worcester, Mass., where in iSs4 he estal) lished himself in business as a nuinnfaclurer of brushes, which he conducted successfully for 25 years. In 1.S70 he purcha.sed the defunct lirush works of Thomas Greene, I'awlucket, and in partnership with his brother George W. started a bru.sh factory under the firm name of Thayer Bros. Upon the death of his brother George W. in 1875, he purchased his interest, and asso- ciated himself with his younger brother Philo K. Declining health compelled him to dispose of of his Worcester factory in 1S78, when he changed his residence to Pawtucket, devoting all his tune to this business. During his busi- ness career he has obtained several patents on brushes. In 1880 he disposed of his interest to his brother Philo E., and in 1883 successfully estab- lished his present business, which increased so rapidly that in 1887 he was compelled to build his present extensive works on Exchange street. He makes a specialtj- of brushes for cotton and woolen machinerj', also for .shoe factories and manufacturing jewelers. April 17, 1855, he was married to Mary E., daughter of John Smith of Scituate, R. I., — a lineal descendant of John Smith who came to Rhode Island w'ith Roger Williams, — by which union there were two children: ICdgar vS., b, ¥eh. 9, 1859, d. April 11, 1S59, and Herbert H., b. March 6, 1863. THAYER, Philo Elisha, of the ninth gen eration of his family in America, the .son of Samuel and Miranda (Sherman) Thayer, was born March 4, 1847, at Bellingham, Mass., where he attended the public schools until he was II years old, when his parents moved to Woonsocket, R. I., where he attended the grammar and high schools. His parents then removed to West Milton, Ohio, and he com- pleted his education in the high .school of that place, from which he was graduated in 1S63. During the lifetime of his father he had ac(|uired some knowledge of brushmaking, and in 1S64 he came to \\'orcester, Mass., and entered the liiusli works of his brother Ivllis. IK- n-niained there but a few months when he joined with his brother Allen, who was located in Woonsocket, where he remained six years. In 1.S70 his brothers l^llis and George purchased Thomas Greene's brush works on East avenue, Pavv- tuckit, and he was appointed foreman of the factors-. Two years later he went to Woonsocket where he entered a grocerj* .store. Upon the illness of his brother George in 1873 he returned to Pawtucket, assuming his former position as factory foreman. Later he purchased the inter- est of his brother George, and the firm name became Thayer Brothers, Ellis and Philo being the partners. In 1880 he purchased the interest of his brother Ellis and has since conducted the business alone under the name of Philo li. Thayer & Co., brush manufacturers, 34 East avenue. His business has prospered and his present e.stablishment barely suffices to meet the demand for the product. He was also interested in a brush factory located in Woon- socket, but in 1893 he di.sposed of his interest to his partner and nephew, Walter S. Thayer, who still continues the business. In public affairs Mr. Thayer has been an active participant. In 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, and 1895, he represented the third ward in the city council and was a member of the board of aldermen for 1896 and 1897 — and president of the board. He was a member of the special committee of the city council in charge of the Cotton Centennial in 1890 ; and was chairman of the sub-committee on manu- factures under whose supervision cotton was taken in its raw state from the brush and manu- factured into cloth, all in the same building, a feat of mechanical skill, as applied to manufac- ture, perhaps never before attempted. At the present time he represents Pawtucket in the General Assembly. P'rom T864 to 1S71 he was a member of the Woonsocket Light Artillery, and retired with the rank of lieutenant. The battery offered its services to the National Government during the civil war, but could not be accepted as light •artillerv. BIOGRAPHIEvS. 457 March 7, 1866, he was married to Cieorgi- anna daughter of Ira W. Arnold, of Woon- socket, R. I., by which union there have been three children: Annie Louise, b. June 17, 186S; Hattie Miranda, b. Nov. 13, 1S70: the third child died in infancy. THOMPSON, Andrew Abel, master me chaiiic at Lorraine mills, was born at Bridge- water, \'t., May 15, 1837, and is the son of Hosea B. and Sarah (Barrows) Thompson. Until he was eighteen years old he attended the public schools and worked on a farm. He then attempted to learn the trade of carpenter, but an accident occurred which deprived him of his right limb below the knee. After this he learned the machinist trade and worked as a journeyman for the Hayden Mfg. Co. , of Hayden- ville, Mass., Samuel Slater & Sons, Webster, Mass., and in 1879 became master mechanic for Hamilton Woolen Co., Southbridge, Mass., later for B. B. & R. Knight of Dodgeville, Mass. , and in 1883 was appointed master mechanic at the Lorraine mills, Pawtucket, which position he now holds. Mr. Thompson attends the Thom- son M. E. church, Pawtucket, and has been Superintendent of the Sunday school for the past twelve years. He also is a member of the Y. M. C. A., and ser\-ed on its board of directors for several years. He belongs to the Ma.sonic Order. In politics he is a Republican. He was married in 1879 to Martha A. Burby. Mr. Thompson is a lineal descendant in the seventh generation of John Thompson, who was born in the north of Wales in the year i6i6, and landed at Plymouth, in May, 1622, being a member of the third embarkation from England. His line of descent is, John, the American founder of the family, whodied June 16, 1696: Jacob, b. April 24, 1662, d. Sept. i, 1726 Barnabas, b. Jan. 28, 1705, d. Dec. 20, 1798 Noah, b. March 20, 1747, d. March 5, 1813 Abel, b. Oct. 3, 1776, d. Jan. 10, 1850; Hosea B., b. Aug. 19, 1803, d. Jan. 26, 1880. THOMPSON, John Edward, of the firm of Weatherhead, Thompson & Co., belting, lace and picker leather, and thread and silk spool manufacturers, is the third child of Gladding O. and Lydia (Carpenter) Thomp.son, and was horn Jan. 3, 1830, at Cumberland, R. I., where he attended the public .schools until he was 20 years old. His first employment was on a farm, 1nit not finding this occupation congenial he turned his attention to boat building, and later he engaged in the jewelry business. Neither of these pursuits proving attractive he entered into copartnership with George Weatherhead and established the present business of the manufacture of oak tanned leather belting, lace, picker and raw hide leather, manufacturers' and mill supplies, thread and silk spools, at 447 Mill street. Central Falls. From the modest begin- ning in 1857 the business steadily increased and at the present time the firm is one of the foremost in its line, with one of the best equip- ped and most successfully conducted establish- ments in the trade. With a private business so extensive it would .seem that Mr. Thompson would find it difficult to devote his attention to public affairs. Nevertheless he has rendered conspicuous ser- vice. For several years he ser\-ed in the Lin- coln town council and for two j^ears was its president. In 1889 he was elected state senator from Lincoln, serving two years. In politics he is a Democrat. He is a Past Grand Chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, and Past Grand Dictator of the Knights of Honor, and has passed through all the chairs in the subordinate Lodge of Odd Fellows in Central Falls. He attends the Universalist church. May 10, 1854, he was married to Ruth Ann Weatherhead of Cumberland. Mr. Thompson is a descendant of old New England families on both sides. His father was born at Hartford, Conn., in 1806, and his mother was born in Cumberland, R. I. THOMSON, James Jr., .son of James and Elizabeth (Morrison) Thomson, was born iu 1S53 at Paisley, Scotland. In 1868, his parents came to America, and his father, who was a skilled designer, became overseer of the beaming room of the Warp Company at Holyoke, Mass., he still resides iu that city. James, Jr., at an early age went to work iu J. P. Coats's mills, Paisley, and learned the cotton thread business in all its details. On coming to this country he 458 I I.LUSTR AT]:i) IIISTORV O 1' I'A \V T T C K. !• T engaged with the Iladley 'I'hrcad Co., of Holyoke, Mass., and was ad\anci.(l from a card grinder to a leading ])osition in the condjing department. In 1S76 he hecanie overseer of the threail works at Willimantie, Conn., and in 1884 he returned to Holyoke, to take charge of the carding department in the Lyman mills. In 1 89 1 he came to Pawtucket as overseer of carding in the Slater Cotton Mills having charge in both mills and of 125 hands. In 1872 he demonstrated his inxentive abilities by constructing a stop-motion for the drawing frames. He sold his jiatent for a small sum, but the purchasers luue realized large profits from their investment, for the machine came into universal use. In 1890 he invented a stripping roller for revolving toj) flat cards, which proved a success and is now in general use. He is now perfecting a clearer for cleaning tl:e rolls of drawing machines, speeders and spinning frames, etc., which keeps the rolls absolutely clean and is regarded as the most useful invention in cotton machinery discovered in recent years. The present method requires cleaning by hand every hour, whereas this device requires attention but once a week to keep the rolls clean, and will prevent dirt from entering the fabric, thus avoiding imperfections. Expert mechanics and experienced mill men regard this last invention as one of the most useful and practicable in a decade, and look for its adoption in mills all over the w^orld. Mr. Thomson attends the Park Place Con- gregational church, and is a member of the Knights of Pythias. In 1874 he was married to Anna Brooks of Ware, Mass., from which union there were six children: James Renwick T., b. 1879; Jennie E., b. 1881 ; Martha Beatrice, b. 1886; all living, and three are dead. Mr. Thomson bought the Lindley estate, 192 Pine street, where he resides. He also owns real estate in Willimantie, Conn. THORNTON, George Mumford, treasurer of the Union Wadding Co., is the son of Jesse Smith and vSarah Burrows (Mumford) Thornton, and was born in Pawtucket, Dec. 15, 1850. He attended the public schools in Pawtucket for a while, and from there attended schools at Milton and I'ittsfield, Mass. Alter leaving I'ittsfield lie entered the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, at Tro\-, New York, where he completed his studies. His business life began in 1.^71 at Han- nibal, Missouri, as confidential clerk to the manager of large miiu'ng interests. In this caj)acity he traveled extensively between Bos- ton, New York and the West. He remained ill the West about five years, and was at differ- ent times located in Kansas Cit\-, St. Joseph, Council Bluffs, Omaha, Sioux Cit>-, h'ort Dodge, I)es Moines and Springfield, Illinois. In 1876 he came to New York city, and became treas- urer of a compan>- engaged in the manufactur- ing stationery business. While residing in New York he became interested in military affairs, and enlisted in Company I, 7th regiment, N. G., .S. N. Y. When this regiment moved from its old armory to its new and present armory he was one of the detail to escort Presi- dent Hayes on that occasion. In 1881 he returned to Pawtucket and became interested in the Union Wadding Co. He was a.ssistant-treas- urer of the company for a while, and when Mr. Lyman B. Goff was elected president, to succeed the late Darius Goff, Mr. Thornton was elected treasurer which position he now holds. In addition to his responsible duties as financial officer of this large manufacturing establish- ment, he is also treasurer of the American Yarn Co., Aetna Stopper Co. and treasurer of Nichols Academy, at Dudley, Mass. Mr. Thornton is a trustee of the Pawtucket Institution for Savings, a director in the Pacific National and First National banks of Pawtucket, and director in the Pawtucket Electric Co. He is a mendjer of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, the " To Kalon " and " Patria " clubs of Paw- tucket and the Seventh Regiment \'eterau Club of New' York. In politics Mr. Thornton is a Republican. When the city of Central P'alls was incorporated in 1895, he was elected alderman from the third ward of that city and was re-elected to serve during the year 1896. He declined to serve for another term. He was elected president of the board of aldermen for the two terms that he GtORGE M. THORNTON, TREASURER Of UNION WADDING COUP B I ( ) O R A P H I K S . 459 was a member of the board. He was a member of the committee appointed by the city council to adjust and settle the indebtedness and differ- ences existing- between the city of Central F'alls and the town of Lincoln caused by the incorpor- ation and setting off of that city from the town of Lincoln. In 1895 and i8g6 he served as aide- de-camp on the personal staff of His Excellency, Governor Charles Warren Lippitt. Feb. 4, 1885, he married Edith A., daughter of Hezekiah Conant, of Central Falls. They have two children : Edith, b. Nov. 5, 1S86 ; Margery Conant, b. July 2, 1888. Mr. Thornton descends on his paternal and maternal sides from very old New England families, who can trace their ancestry back manj' generations. His father was the senior member of the well known Pawtucket firm of J. S. Thornton & Co., coal and lumber dealers, and was born in Mendon, Mass., in 1S12. He died in Philadelphia in 1856. His mother was born in 1827 and died in January, 185:. THURBER, Charles Edgar, was born in Pawtucket, Dec. 23, 1853, and was the first child of Charles H. and Clarinda Amelia (Bag- ley) Thurber. He attended the Pawtucket public schools in winter and worked on the farm of his grandfather, William Bagley, in Pawtucket, in summer. This course of alter- nating work and study continued until he was about 13 years old, when he went to work as a baker for A. C. Bagley, and afterwards learned the trade of a file cutter. Jan. i,s. 1873, he started as an expressman at Pawtucket depot with one horse and a wagon ; but by strict attention to the wants of his patrons he .steadilx- increased the business until at present he em- ploys twenty horses and fifteen wagons, includ- ing hacks, open express wagons and furniture vans, all of which are constantly employed. He has the exclusive franchise for hack and express wagons at the Pawtucket depot. Ten years ago he started the parcel deliver^', which he still conducts, and it has been a very popular sj'stem. Mr. Thurber was married to Mary Lydia Sweetland, of Vernon, Vt., Feb. 9. 187 1. In politics Mr. Thurber is a Repul)lican, and is a member of the Garfield Club. He belongs to the First Methodist church, High street. He has always been active in .society matters; is a member of the A. O. II. W.; is a charter member of the Daughters of Liberty, of the Pawtucket Veteran Firemen's Association, of the A. K. Tilton Camp, Sons of Veterans, and of the Order of American Mechanics, and also of the American Benefit Association. He also belongs to the Temple of Honor. On his mother's side Mr. Thurber is descended from the Bagleys, one of the oldest families in Pawtucket. His maternal grand- father, William Bagley, was a contemporary of Oziel Wilkinson, carried on a blacksmith busi- ness, and the family residence stood on the north side of Main street near the present corner of Broad, where now stands the Bagley block. TIEPKE, Henry E., mayor of the city of Pawtucket, 1894-5-6, was born March 21, 1857, in Pawtucket, R. I. He was educated in the public schools of his native place, and while in his teens went to work in the Dunnell print- works. Remaining but a .short time at the.se works, he hired out to George Mumford & Co., hardware dealers. This concern retired from business and Mr. Tiepke was engaged b}- Sar- gent & Co., of New York, the largest wholesale hardware house in America. He left this house to become a clerk to the superintendent of the foundry department in the establishment of P'ales & Jenks, Pawtucket. Later he was em- ployed b}- the James Hill Manufacturing Co., of Providence ; and in 1880 became the New lingland manager for the Iron Clad Manufac- tvirint; Co., of New York, which position he held until 1S96, when his duties as a public officer compelled him to relinquish his private business and give his whole time and efforts to the service of his con.stituents. Mr. Tiepke became active in political affairs as soon as he attainetl his majority. The first public office held h\- him was that of district clerk of the town ol Pawtucket, on the east side. Later he was elected district wartlen, and on the organization of the city in 18S5, he became warden of the first ward. In the fall of 18.S7 he was electetl to the connnon council, from the first ward, and 4^0 It LUST RAT I' I) HISTORY OK PAWTUC K IvT. served in that branch of the municipal ^ovcni- nient for the years 1888, 1S89, and 1H90 : and in 1891 lie was elected a niendier of the hoard of alderman. Mr. Ticpke, early in his ])olitical career, advocated ])roi;ressive measures and reforms in municipal methods, and while a member of the legislative branches of the cit> govennnent he labored for and had passed b\ both bodies a resolution in favor of the estab- lishment of a municipal electric lighting plant. This measure tlid not receive the approval nf Mayor Goodwin, but the agitation resulted in the Electric Lighting Company reducing its rates for municipal lighting. He introduceil the resolution requesting the General Assend)l\- to apply the Australian ballot system to city elections in Pawtucket, which was granted ; he also drafted and was instrumental in passing an ordinance re(iuiring contractors for cit\' work and supplies to submit bids. He also introduced the resolution in the common council that origin ated the city council centenary committee, of wliich he was elected chairman. Mr. Tie])ke filled this ])osition, which required much time, patience, and attention to details, with great satisfaction to the people of Pawtucket and credit to himself, and in the conduct of its difR cult duties developed good administrative and executive ability. He organized the Garfield Republican Club and has been its president from the beginning. In 1894, 1S95 and 1896 he was mayor of Pawtucket. The reforms which he advocated while a member of the legislati\e branches of the city government he pressed with vigor and intelligence while ina\or, and if the many wholesome reforms and ])rogressive meas- ures which he favored did not materialize, as was sincerely hoped by his progressive consti- tuents, it was owing to an absence of working sympathy on the part of the legislative l)ranches over which he had no mandatory control. In 1893 Mr. Tiepke was appointed Commis- sioner of Industrial Statistics with ofhces at ,^5 North Main street, Providence, which ])osition he now holds. Mr. Tiepke's rapid rise in politits is an object lesson of what is within the grasji of every enterprising, progressive, intelligent American, who has the power to attain and the ability to fill a jiosition which andiition creates. TILLINCjHAST, Pardon Elisha, associate justice of the .\i)pellate Dixision of the Supreme Court of the State of Rhode Island, is the .second child of John and Susan C. (Avery) Tillinghast, and was born, Dec. 10, iS;;6. at West Green- wich, R. I. He received his earl\- education in the ]iulilic schools of Rhode Island and Con- nectii-ut, and afterwards at Hall's Academy, Connecticut, and the Providenie Conference Seminary, ICast Greenwich, R. I. Later he was graduated from both the Rhode Island State Normal School, and Potter & Hammond's Commercial College. He then taught school for eight years in A'alley P'alls, Pawtucket, and Pro\'idence. At the outbreak of the ci\il war he enlisted in the 1 Jth Infantry, R. I. \'olunteers, and went to the front, serving with the 9th army corps under Gen. Burnside. He was soon pro- moted to be quartermaster sergeant, and at the expiration of his term of service received an honorable discharge. On his return home he studied law with Charles W. Thrasher and the Hon. Thomas K. King, and was admitted to the bar in 1867. His cases were carefull}- prepared and he soon established a large and select practice. In iSj2 he was elected town solicitor of Pawtucket, which position he held for nine years. In 1881 he was elected ju.stice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court and ser\-ed in the Com- mon Pleas Division, until 1S91, when he was transferred to the vSuprcme Court sitting in banc, and later to the Appellate Division, sitting with Chief Justice Matte.son and Mr. Justice Stiness. Mr. Justice Tillinghast is of broad and liberal views and while holding himself rigidly to the standard of life dictated by his own con- science, he does not permit his conception of his duties to influence his judgment toward others. In 1891 he received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from Brown I'niversity, and was elected a corresponding member of the New York Medico-Legal Society. In educa- tional matters he has always taken a deep inter- est, and particularly in the public school s\stem, to which he rendered valuable aid when a BIOGRAPHIES. 461 member of the Pawtucket school committee. He has been prominent in pu])lic affairs. For a number of years he sensed in both branches of the legislature, being chairman of the judiciary committee of the senate for four years and also chairman of the joint select committee on the revision of the statutes. In 1877 he was chair- man of the joint committee appointed to recei\e President Hayes when he visited this state. For six years he was judge advocate general of the state of Rhode Island. He is a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association, the Providence Bar Club, the Patria Club, and the G. A. R. He has taken an active part in church work, and has been closelj- identified with the Sabbath school for many years. He has been president of the Fir.st Baptist society for the past ten j-ears. Nov. 13, 1867, he was married to Ellen F. Paine of Pawtucket, by which union there are four children : Alice L., b. Nov. 7, 1871; John A., b. May 25, 1874; Angeline F., b. Sept. 19, 1876; Frederick \V., b. Jan. 9, 1881. The common ancestor of the Tillinghast familj- was Rev. Pardon Tillinghast, who was born at Seven Cliffe, near Beachy Head, Eng- land, about 1622. It is supposed that he served in Cromwell's army. He came to America in 1643 and is believed to have lived for a short time in Connecticut, but under date of Jan. 19. 1646, his name appears attached to a receipt for 25 acres of land in Providence. He succeeded the Rev. Thomas Olney as pastor of the First Baptist church. Providence, where he officiated for more than sixty years. In 1761 he erected at his own expense and presented to the church its fir.st meeting-house. The importance of this gift becomes appreciable w^hen it is stated that for 50 years the only places of meeting were in manj- of the groves surrounding Providence. The building was erected on the corner of what is now North Main and Smith streets. He was a man of considerable means for those days, and might have been very wealthy but for his high sense of public duty, which comprehended not onlj' extending his labors to the colony but also his purse, and during his long pastorate he refused all compeusatiou for his serv^ices. He died Jan. 29, 1718, regretted and honored by the entire community. Many of his descend- ants have been among the mo.st illustrious men of New England, ever}- generation producing some members who became distinguished either as jurists, scholars, statesmen or divines. The Rev. John Tillinghast, father of Pardon E., was born Oct. 3, 1812, at West Greenwich, R. I., and died March 28, 1878. He began preaching soon after he was 23 years old, and on Oct. 8, 1840, was ordained pastor of the West Greenwich Baptist church, ser\-ing in this capacity- for 38 years. His mother was the daughter of Elisha Avery, a veteran of the war of 1812, and was born March 2, 1834. He died at Sag Harbor while in the service of his countrj-. TING LEY, George S., was born in Central Falls, June 23, 1858, and was the fourth child of John W. and Eliza (Newell) Tingley. He received his education in the public schools of Pawtucket and at the Highland Military Acad- emy, Worcester, Mass. After he was graduated from the latter institution he entered the flour and grain business with his father in the old gri.st mill that stood on the site now occupied by the electric light station of the Messrs. Goff, and was afterwards connected with Martin & Lane, dealers in mill supplies and special agents for the Jewell Belting Co., of Hartford, Conn. He resigned this position in 1S85 and then became traveling salesman for the R. Bliss Manufacturing Co. of Pawtucket, R. I. He was chosen its .secretary upon the death of Mr. C. E. Clark and held this position until Sep- tember, 1894, when he became connected with the Paine Lumber Co., of Oskhosh, Wis., in the sale of sa.shes, blinds and doors throughout New England, with headquarters at Pawtucket, and is at present their New England manager. In politics Mr. Tingley is a staunch Republican and was for a number of years chairman of the Republican city committee. He was a member ot the Pawtucket city council in 1892 and 1893 but declined a renomination for another year. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, Royal Arcanum, New England Railroad Club, with headquarters in Boston ; Pawtucket Business Men's A.s.sociatiou and the Garfield Club. He 462 ILLl'STRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTUCKHT. is also connected with the Rhode Island militia, having been appointed in 1883 quartermaster of the first battalion cavalry on the staff of Major Alexander Strauss. He occupied this position until the election of Brigadier General Hiram Kendall as brigade commander when he was appointed brigade quartermaster, which posi- tion he now holds. In religion Mr. Tingle\- is a Baptist. On Nov. 19, 1884, he married Nellie S. Bullock, daughter of Albert N. Bullock o( Pawtucket. and the issue of this union is three children: Mary Bullock, b. Jan. 29, 1886; John Wesley, b. Aug. i, 1S89: and Albert Dunham, b. July 11, 1893. TRESCOTT, Waldo, of the firm of Bucklin & Trescott, manufacturers of leather belting, was born Oct. 14, 1849, in Providence, R. I., where he attended the public schools and was graduated from the high school when he was 18 years old. He then entered the employ of James Uavis & Co., belt manufacturers of Paw- tucket, learned the business and was finally advanced to be co-manager with Charles R. Bucklin. When the Davis plant was destroyed by fire, Mr. Trescott formed a co-partnership with Charles R. Bucklin and under the firm name of Bucklin «& Trescott they manufacture leather belting and lace leather at 66 North Main street. They have a well eijuipped i)lant and do an extensive business. In politics Mr. Trescott is a Republican. He belongs to Union Lodge, No. i, A. F. & A. M., of which he is Past Master; to Royal Arch Chapter ; is Past Commander of Holy Sepul- chre Commandery ; to the Scottish Rite, and to Palestine Temple, of the Mystic Shrine. He attends the Fir.st Congregational church. He was married to Lucj' F. Street. His first wife died and he was married the second time to Agnes Mac Andrew, of Forestville, N. Y., by which union there are three children : Waldo, Jr., Margaret F. and Clifford A. The Trescott family on the paternal side came from England and settled originally in Connecticut, afterwards coming to Providence where they have since lived. On the maternal side the family is traced back to the early set- tlement of Plj^mouth colony. Lindamon Crins, Mr. Trescott's grandfather, was aide-de-camp on the staff of Napoleon I. during the whole of his career. TURNER, John D., is the son of Charles and Ivlizabelh (Davis) Turner and was born Jan. 24, 1859, in Manchester, England, where he attended school until he was 16 years old. His father being colonel of an English artillery- regiment, intended him for the army, but he was incapacitated by losing the sight of his right eye. He then entered the employ of Mason, Chapman & Holland, dyers and finishers of velvets, cor- duroys etc., and learned the business thor- oughly. In 1880 he was employed by Cooper Bros., as assistant superintendent to William Taylor. In 1885 he came to Rhode Island and located at Crompton, town of Warwick, being general supervisor of the cotton velvet business of the Crompton Co. In 1886 he became inter- ested in the velvet mill projected by W. F. & F. C. Sayles, but this project was abandoned owing to national tariff legislation. Mr. Turner was then given employment in the Sayles bleach- eries, and now has charge of the grey goods department at the old bleacher}-. Meanwhile JOHN D. TURNER, ONTRACTOR AND eulLOER AND REAL ESTATE AGENT. BIOGRAPHIES. 463 he devotes his evenings to soliciting insurance. He represents the Providence Washington Fire Insurance Co., of Providence, R. I., and the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association of New York. In politics Mr. Turner is a staunch Repub- lican. In 1894 and 1895 he was collector of taxes for the town of Lincoln. He is chairman of the Lincoln Republican Town Committee, and a member of the Republican State Central Committee. He is one of the charter members of Loyal Washington Lodge, I. O. O. F., M. U. ; also Blackstone Senate, Knights An- cient Essenic Order, and a member of the Royal Societ}' of Good Fellows. At present he is a Noble Grand of Loyal Lincoln Lodge, I. O. O. F., at Saylesville. Feb. 23, 1884, he was married to Mary A. Robinson of Lanca.shire, England, by which union there have been three children : Lillian, b. in England ; Florence, b. in Paterson, N. J.; and Maud, b. in Sayles- ville, R. I. UPHAn, Lester Wayland, the second son of Lucian and Amy Mason (Kelton) Upham, was born in Pawtucket, R. I., June 22, 1858. His father is a nature of Dudley, Mass., and is a descendant of the earliest New England family of that name. His mother is a native of Johnston, R. I. His education began and closed at the Church Hill school. He was one of the later coterie of ' ' Church Hill boys, ' ' who flourished as amateur printers, and later engaged in the manufacture of jewelers' cards, etc., in Providence, which business for a time was successful. May 12, 1 88 1, he entered the Gazette and Chronicle office in order to complete his knowledge of the printing business, which he did in a short space of time, and in a thorough manner. He became foreman of the office in April, 1887, and in Jan- uar)-, 1894, became a partner with Mr. Lee. He is a member of the Master Printers Asso- ciation of Rhode Island, the Knights of Pythias, the Red Men, American Benefit Society, Ancient Order of Essenic Knights, and other fraternal societies, and has ably filled several important offices in some of them. He is very popular with all his associates. He was married May 12, 1880, to Ella A. Atwood of Providence. WADSWORTH, John, was the sixth child of John and Sara (Woodward) Wadsworth, and was born at Strong, Me., in 1831. His father was a shipbuilder and a farmer. The ancestor of the Wadsworths came to America early in the seventeenth century and settled in Duxburj-, Mass., in which vicinit}- the family has always been prominent. Henry Wadsworth Longfel- low, the poet, was a member of the famih' through his mother. John, Jr., attended the public schools of his native state until he was 16 years old, and then worked on a farm until he was 21. He then, in 1852, went to Brockton, Ma.ss., and spent three years in learning the trade of a tin-plate and sheet-iron worker. At the end of that time he opened a stove store and tin shop at Wej-mouth, Mass., but three years later removed his business to Randolph, Mass., and in i860 went to New Sharon, Me., where he opened a large stove and funiace store. In 1866 he came to Pawtucket and worked for Sumner Fifield for five years, when he went to Fall River and engaged in the dry and fancy goods business. He returned to Pawtucket in 1891 and started the tin, sheet-iron, copper, plumbing and steam fitting business, which he now carries on at 21 North Union street under the name of the Wadsworth Manufacturing Co. Mr. Wadsworth is a member of the Baptist church, and belongs to the Free Masons. He was married in 1854 to Elizabeth Leonard of Brockton, Mass., and they have had seven children : Charles Thomas, George Melvin, John Franklin, Mary Ella, John Franklin, 2d ; Arthur Leonard, and Frederick Woodward. WALKER, John Herbert, was born in North Providence, May 14, 1848, and was the fourth child of John and Nancy (Harrop) Walker. His father was a native of vStockport, England, came to this country in 1S40, and .ser\ed during the war of the rebellion in the Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. John H. attended the public schools until he was 12 years of age. He then worked in a cotton mill for several years and during the war was em- ployed in what was known as Burnside's rifle factory, which was subsecjuently converted into the Rhode Island Locomotive Works, Provi- 464 ILLUvSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. JOHN H. WALKER, CHIEf ENGINEER. PUMPING STATIONS, PAWTUCKET WATER WORKS. deuce. After the war he went to work at the trade of a steam fitter. In January, 1879, he entered the employment of tlie city as engineer, and took charge of No. i Pumping Engine im- mediately after its acceptance by the city, and at the present time he has the superintendency of the entire pumping plants connected with the cit>-. Mr. Walker has made a close study of and has devoted his entire time to the perfect- ing of and the economical operation of pumping engines. He has been enabled to sec whereb}' he could improve their operation and efficiencj^ and from time to time has applied his know- ledge to good effect, .so that to-daj- the city is in possession of a pumping plant that cannot be excelled either in ojjerating or economy. As an instance No. i Engine maj- be cited : the duty test was made b)' G. H. Corliss, before its acceptance by the city, using the very be.st coal that could be found in the market, the engine made on a two weeks' test, a duty of 104,000,- 000 foot-pounds. The engine to-day is making a yearly duty of 124,000,000 foot-pounds, run- ning 12 hours per day, and this after 19 years operation. Mr. Walker's yearly reports has been closely studied by mechanical engineers and water works officials, and his sj'stem of operation has been largely adopted throughout the countr>'. He is at the present time in re- ceipt of a large correspondence as to the eco- nomical operation of large steam plants. He has been a faithful, conscientious servant of the cit\-, anil his work has evidently been ap- preciated. He was a member of the fire depart- ment for a number of years and was captain of No. 3 Engine Co. when he resigned to accept his present situation. In politics Mr Walker is a Republican. He is charter member of the Legion of Honor, he is also a Free Mason, a char- ter member of Mount Horab Lodge, Knights of the Ancient Essenic Order, and a member of the Veteran Firemen's Association. In 1870 he was married to Sarah Jackson, and they have three children: Fred. Adelaide, and Clifford. WALKER, General William R., was born in vSeekonk, Mass., (now East Providence, R. I.) April 14, 1830, the son of Alfred and Huldah Burdeen, (Perry) Walker. He is a descendant in the third generation of John Walker of Reho- both, Mass., who was a sergeant in the ]\Iinute Men from Rehobolh, in the Lexington Alarm, and in service during the war of the revolution. John Walker was descended in the fourth generation from the "Widow \\'alker," who came into the Plxniouth colony at a dale unknown, and who was previous to 1643 one of the purchasers and proprietors of the town of Rehoboth. Who her husband was, or what part of the old country she came from is unknown, but that she and her two sons were founders of the family of Walkers in Southern Massachcsetts is unquestioned. The subject of this sketch attended the public school of his native town, and after graduating from " The Seekonk Classical Semi- nary" in 1846, became a builder's apjirentice in Providence, R. I., serving for a term of three j-ears, during which time he studied archi- tectual drawing at Schofield's College. In the winter of 1 850-1 he was located in Augusta, Ga., returning to Rhode Island in the summer of 1851 and located in Pawtucket, where he has since resided. He has been closely identified with public life in his cil\- and state, having served as a member of the town councils of both ii"; ■'..■■ .' t' wrrrrccrri uFPWLi it *** — ^ ^ [" I If F y£§JEJI£l££g|^||Bli|JilMll FRONT VIEW OF THE WORKS OF THE HOWARD & BULLOUGH AMERICAN MACHINE CO. (LIMITED). REAR VIEW OF THE WORKS OF THE HOWARD & BULLOUGH AMERICAN MACHINE CO. (LIMITED). 466 ILLTTSTRATKD HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. North Proviik-iicc and I'awtucket, and also having served both t<.inis as a member of the General Assembly. At the breaking out of the rebellion in iS6i he was commissioned first lieutenant of Co., ]■'.. First Regiment R. I. Detached Militia, and ser\cd until the muster- ing out of his regiment. In 1864 he established himself as an architect in the city of Provi- dence, in which profession, in connection with his son. Col. W. Howard Walker he is still engaged. General \\'alkcr served in the stale militia for more than twenty years, retiring with the rank of major general. He is a member of Massachusetts Commandery, Military Order of the I^oyal Legion ; member of and Past Com- mander of Tower Post, G. A. R., and at the present time is a member of the board of park commissioners of the city of Pawtucket. In politics he is a Republican, and was a delegate to the Republican National Convention at Chicago in 1888. He became a member of Union Lodge, No. 10, A. F. and A. M., Paw- tucket, in 1857, received his capitular degrees in Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter, No. 4, was knighted in Holy Sepulchre Commandery, No. S, in 1871, and ser\-ed three years as Emin- ent Commander of that body. He is a member of Providence Consistory, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, 32d degree, and of Palestine Tem- ple, Nobles of the Mj-stic Shrine. In the Grand Commandery of Knights Templars of Massachu- -setts and Rhode Island, he has filled the several offices of Grand Lecturer, Grand Standard Bearer, Grand Junior Warden, Grand Senior Warden, Grand Captain General, Grand Gen- eralissimo, Deputy Grand Commander, and in October. 1896, was elected Grand Commander, which position he now holds. General W'alker was married in 1S52, to Miss Eliza B. Hall, daughter of Nathan Hall of Providence. She passed away Feb. 21, 1895. They had two children : George Clinton Walker, b. Nov. 7, 185-^, d. June i, 188;; ; William How- ard Walker, b. Jan. 19, 1856, who is still living and resides in Pawtucket. WALKER, William W., son of Peter and Amelia (Hurlan) Walker, was born in Lanca- shire, England, wlnre he received hisearly edu- cation. He learned the trade of a bleacher, under his father, ami in 1 .S55 he came to America anil joined with his uncli- who was employed at the bleacheries of W. 1'. .S: F. C. Sayles. at Saylesville. He niasterc-d the details o( the business, and is now superintendent, with a supervision over the processes of manufacture and also over the emploj-ees. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Sayles Memorial church, at Saylesville. He belongs to Good Samaritan Lodge, I. O. O. I'"., and to the Order of Royal Good Fellows. In 185,^ he was married to Sarah Greenhalge of Manchester, England, by which union there are three child- ren : John M., b. in England, James W. and Eliza, b. in vSaylesville. WARLAND, Charles Alfred, real estate broker and auctioneer, 48 East avenue, Paw- tucket, is the son of John and Priscilla (Hill) Warland, and was born April 11, 1830, on Appian Way, Cambridge, Mass., where he attended the public schools. At an early age he was employed in the commission house of Charles Wilkins & Co., dealers in cotton, coffee, tea, etc., where he remained until he was 21 years old. He then was connected with the shipping business and traveled extensiv'ely through the western states. In 1856 he caine to Pawtucket and entered the counting room of the James S. Brown machine shops, and later was admitted into partnership, the firm name being changed to James S. Brown & Sons. In 1868 he became interested in real estate and opened the first office devoted solely to the purchase and sale of this class of property, in the Almy block, near the bridge, where he was located until 1874, where he removed to his present location. Mr. Warland's business has principally been that of a broker and auctioneer, making purchases, and selling and managing estates. Among the latter were the Jenks, the Goff, and the Weeden properties. The courts have frequently recognized Mr. Warland's ex- perience and judgment by commissioning him to apportion estates among heirs, and the city of Pawtucket has employed him to value prop- ertj' condemned for public u.ses. HENRY C. L. DORSEY SIGN PAINTER. JOHN P. SMITH, MdNAGEB FOB EDWARO SK WILLIAM H. GRIMES. JOHN H. BRANAGHAN. 468 ILLUSTRATl' 1) HISTORY () !• PAWTUCKKT. Aui;. i,v 1S72, Mr. W'ailaiul was appoinUnl by the governor and council of Massachusetts a connnissioner in Rhode Island (or the " admin- istering of oaths, taking depositions, affidavits, acknowledgments of deeds and other instru- ments," to be used in the state of Massachu- setts, which office he held until Dec. 17, 1S93 — a period of 21 years — at which time he gave up the office. While a niend)er of the town council he, with others, rendered imi>ortaul ser\ice ]>y instituting a correct system of accounts in the police department. He was tax assessor in 1S74. He is a 32d degree Mason and belongs to Barney Merry Lodge, No. 29, A. F. and A. M.; Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter, No. 4,; Pawtucket Council, No. 2, R. and S. Masters: Holy Sepulchre Conunandery, No. cS ; Rhode Island Consistory A. A. vS. Rite; Palestine Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., Providence, R. I. Oct. iS, 1S55, he was married to Mary Dana, daughter of James S. Brown of Pawtucket, Ijv which union there was one child, Sarah J., b. Aug. 15, 1S61; Oct. 2S, i,S,S6, she married Horace W. Davenport, and she d. April 5, 1S90, by w'hich union there is one child, H. Warland Davenport, b. Aug. 21, 1SS7. The time of the arrival of the ancestor of the W'arland family in America is not definitely known, but the date 1679 is safely authentic for this branch, as in that year is found recorded April 3, the marriage of Owen (1) Warland to Hannah Gay, at Cambridge, Mass. The records also show that Owen Warland purchased from John Shepard the estate located on the north- west corner of Holyoke and South streets ; also that he was a constable in 1697. He had two children: William, b. March 27, 1680, and Rebecca ; the exact date of his death is uncer- tain, but it is probable that both husband and wife died before 1718. William (2) was twice married. I'irst to Tabitha, daughter of Jacob Hill, I'eb. 3, 1701-2, who d. Jan. 1717-18, aged 34. ,Secoiid to .\nne, daughter of Captain Josiah Parker, Jul.\' 3, 17 iS. He had ten children : William, b. Oct. 3, 1706, d. Aug. 23, 1708; Sarah, baptised Jan. 9, 1708- 9, d. Oct. 5, 1712 ; Tabitha, b. March 3, 1710- 11; .Sarah, b. 1713: Rebecca baptised Sept. 4, 1713, (1. Jan. 24, 1716-17; William, baptised March 29, 1719: Thomas, bajitised Aug. 13, 1721 : Owen, ba])tised June 2, 1723; John, ba]itised Dec. 11, 1726, d. .Sept. 29, 1727. The line of descent is through Joiix (3), who married Mary Manning, .Sejit. 26, 1754. He had two children : John, b. July 16, 1755 ; William, baptised May 25. 1760, d. Oet. 6, 1762, His mother married William Darling, whom she survi\-ed, and d. May 22, 1817. The line of descent is through the oldest child, John (4), who was married twace : first to Hannah Prentice, March 12, 1776, who d. Aug. 12, 1.S03 : the .second to vSarah Palmer, Feb. 5, 1806. He had nine children: Hannah, 1). June 14, 1778, d. Dec. 28, 1878; John, b. Dec. 28, 1779; William, b. March .S, 17.S2; Poll\-, baptised Feb. 29, 1784, m. Jason Howe, Nov. 28, 1805 ; Ebenezer, baptised Feb. 12, 1786; Charles, bapti.sed Dec. 16, 1787, d. Sept., 1788; Charles, b. 1789, d. Feb. 9, 1717 ; Han- nah, b. (about) Dec, 1792, d. Sept. 4, 1793. He died Nov. 20, 1809. His wife survived him. The line of descent is through John (5) who was married three times and d. Feb. 15, 1852. His first wife was Sarah, daughter of Joseph Bates, m. June 20, 1805, who d. Aug. 23, 1824. His second wife was Priscilla Hill, m. Sept. 8, 1825, d. May 16, 1830. He mar- ried his third wife, Mary Ann Phelps of Marl- brongli, Mass. April 6, 1833. His children : Sarah, b. May 20, and d. June 29, i8o6 ; John Henry, b. April 20, if graduated from Har- vard College, 1827; Mary Madelia, b. Jan. 21, 1809; Theodore, b. June 21, 1812, graduated from Harvard College, 1832 ; Alfred, b. April 9. 1S14, d. vSept. 19, 1817 ; Charles Horace, b. Sept. iS, 1816, d. Nov. 21, 1819: .Sarah .\nn. b. Nov. 9, 1818, d. Nov. I, i.'~;74; .Vnn b'.Ii/.a- betli, 1). .Xjiril 21, 1.S22, d. August, 1888: Caro- line Priscilla, b. July 17, 1826; d. March 30, iSy.S; Henrietta 1 lill, b. June 24, 1828 ; Chari,i-:s .Vi.i'Kici), b. April 11, iS3i>; Edward Merrick, b. March iS, 1834; Francis Horace, b. Ma\ 7, 1836, d. June 8, 1865; Kmily Phelps, b. .Vinil 9, 1838, died Dec. 30, 1888 ; P'rances Bates, b. June 6, 1 84 1. BIOGRAPHIES. 469 WASSMER, John H. The tea, coffee and spice business forms one- ol the most important branches of trade in this city and one of the leading stores in that line of goods is the Importers Tea House, 320 Main street, which is in charge of the above mentioned genial gentle- man. He has been in this city but a few years and during that time has made a host of friends who are pleased at his evident suceess. Mr. Wassmer was born at Newark, N. J., Nov. 14, 1859, and is the third child of Christian and Catherine (Read) Wassmer, both of whom were born at Baden, Germany, the former coming to this country- in 1847 and the later in 1844. They settled at Newark and later removed to Paterson, N. J., where Mr. Wassmer attended the public schools until he was 12 ^-ears of age. After working on a farm for a short time he obtained employment in a retail tea store, where he remained until he was 22 years of age. In 1 88 1 he started in business for himself and in the following year opened a retail store at Paterson, which he gave up in a short time as it proved to be not a paying investment. He continued in the tea business, having a route which paid well until 1887, when he came to Providence and obtained employment in one of the large department stores, in a short time being made manager of the tea department, a position which he held for three years. In 1890 he acted as a salesman and in the following 3-ear he started a route in Pawtucket, which he attended to personally for three years, opening a store in this citj' in 1894. The store has proved to be a success, and Mr. Wassmer has built up a large trade by his fair dealing and pleasant personality. In conjunction with the store he owns and manages six different routes which, with the store, show an increase in trade and receipts every year. His success is pleasing as he is what is termed a self made man, having risen to his present influential and responsible position entirely b)- his own individual efforts. On May 8, 1887, he was united in marriage to Miss Reguina Hummell of Paterson, N. J., and the result of the union is two bright children, William B. and Emma B. WATJEN, Henry E., the fourth child of Ernest Henry and Louisa (Boettcher) Watjen, was born in the city of Sehausen, Prussia, Jan. 13, 1854. Leading members of the Watjen family were prominent importing merchants for many generations in Bremer Haven, Germany. Henry received his education in the government schools in his native city, and when fifteen years old went to work in the shop of his father, who was a furniture manufacturer. Late in 1870, when seventeen j-ears old, he came to America, and worked in furniture manufactories as a cabinet maker in Boston and Charle.stown. Afterwards, for five years, he was engaged in the manufacture of potter\- in Manchester, N. H., as a member of the firm of Klenike & Watjen. Selling out his interest in this business, he became an insurance agent and a dealer in real estate and has since followed those lines. He came to Pawtucket in 1889, and in 1891 entered into a partnership with Walter M. Robbins under the firm name of Watjen & Robbins, for the transaction of a general insur- ance and real estate business. In 1894 the firm organized the Home Building Co., (incorpor- ated) which carries on one of the largest real estate and building business in Rhode Island. Mr. Watjen was president until July, 1S96, when he sold out his interest to the company and also dissolved his partnership with Mr. Robbins. Mr. Watjen still carries on the insur- ance and real estate business but removed his office in September to 26 High .street, while Mr. Robbins manages the Home Building Co. In politics Mr. Watjen was formerly a Republican, but for some years he has been a Prohibitionist. He is a member of the Pleasant View Baptist Church, and belongs to Charles E. Chickeriug Lodge, No. 20, Knights of Pythias. March 27, 1877, he was married to Emma F. Palmer, and they have had three children : Emma Lizzie, b. July 24, 1878; William Edward, b. Dec. 13, 1881 ; Henry Erne.st, b. Dec. 11, 1883 ; CarlC, b. Dec. 12, 1885, d. July 24, 1887. WATSON, William F., M. D., was born in Buxton, Me., vSept. 6, 1852, and was the sixth child of Nathaniel M. and Mary A. (Purkiss) Watson. The American ancestor of the family 47° ILLUSTR ATICI) HISTORY ( ) !• I'AW T U C K I'.T came to New England soon after tin.- huulini; of the Pilgrims. For generations the family was prominent in Saco, Me., and there the grand- father of William P. lived and died. The Watsons were typical New Ivnglanders, with the severe and strict notions of their Puritan ancestry. William P. attended the Gorhani Acadeni\ in his nati\e state. He then went to New York, studieil in Bellevue PIos])ital Medical College and was graduated from the Medical College there in iJ^jy. Soon after he opened an office at (lorham. Me., where he practiced for ten \ears, when he removed to Dover, N. II., and remained there until he removed to Pawtucket in 1S94. He has developed an excellent practice, and is now one of the most successful physicians in tlie com- mnnitN'. Dr. Watson is an attendant of the Congre- gational church, and belongs both to the Free Ma.sons and the Odd Fellows. He has been married three times. His first wife d. Sept. 17, 1883, leaving no children ; hissecond wifed. .Sept. 6, 1888, leaving one child, Margaret C, who is now- living. He was married to his present wife Sept. 7, 1892, to whom was born a son, Robert N., who died July 25, 1S94. VVARBURTON, Henry Ashton, descends from an old English Quaker famii>-. His grand- father, Jacob Warburton, was born in lUiry, Lancashire, England, July 2, 17S2, was a hand loom weaver and came from a famil\ of farmers. His grandmother, Sarah Ashton Warburton, was also born in Bury, April 9, 17S4, and her family were farmers. His father was born in Bury, Feb. 8, 1806, and was well known as a successful manager of cotton mills ; he was a distinguished inendjer of the Society of F'riends, came to the United States in 1852, and died in Lawrence, Mass., in 1879. His mother was Sarah Ta>lor, born in Barnsley, Derbyshire, fuigland, Jul\- 20, 1S08. Her amiability ami gentleness of character endears her memory to her children. Her patience was often tried by her large family of twehe children, nine sons and three daughters. Henry Ashton Warburton was born in the town of Hyde, Cheshire, England, Nov. 2, 1S37, and is the sixth child of Peter and .Sarah (Taylor) Warlnirton. He attended the public schools of his nati\c town until he attained his eighth \ear, when he entered the cotton mill, and until his loth year his time was e(|nan>- divided Ijetween school and work. With the knowledge thus obtained he started in lite at the tender age of 10 years. He came to this country with his father in 1852, secnretl em- ployment as a ])iecer on hand spinning mules at Portsmouth, N. H., and availed himself of the local night school to enlarge liis general knowledge. In 1853 he engaged in mule spin- ning in Lawrence, Mass., and operated a pair of sisinning mules for seven years. He also worked at file-cutting by macliinery at Ballardvale, Mass., then returned to Portsmouth, N. H., where he was assistant overseer in the Ports- mouth steam mill, and was transferred to the thread department, where he obtained the know- ledge which contributed to his final success. He also worked in Newmarket, Exeter, N. H., was assistant overseer of the Hadley Thread Co., of Holyoke, Mass., and was overseer of the Warren Thread Co., of Worcester, Ma.ss. In the latter cit\- he engaged with W'illiam Ward of Portmouth, N. H., the owner of a distillery, of which he was induced to take charge, and though he remained over three years, testing all kin- unfavorably and Dr. W'heaton had to content himself with presenting and having recorded a minuritv report which repre- sented his \-iews. The agitation resultant from this progressive measure, ultimately com- passed the end for which he so earnestly strove. May 15, 1850, he was married to Anna Maria, daughter of Charles and A. Eliza Jenckes, of Grafton, Mass., by which union there have been four children; Martha, who was twice mar- ried — her first husband. Dr. William P. White, died in 1870; her second husband is Dr. J. A. Chase now in practice in Pawtucket. Anna Frances, married S. Frank Dexter, managerof the Dexter Yarn Co., Pawtucket; Jessie L. died in 1864; James Lucas, Jr., was graduated from Brown University, Providence, in 1891, and from Harvard Medical vSchool, in 1894, with the degree of M. D. He contiiuied his studies for a year at the University of Berlin, Germany, and is now associated with his father in the practice of his profession. Dr. Wheaton is of the seventh generation of this family in America. The connnon founder, Robert Wheaton, came to Salem, Mass., in 1636, suppo.sed from Swanzey, South Wales, where he was born in 1606, and died at Reho- both, Mass., in 1696. The line of descent of the Pawtucket branch of the family is through Rev. Ephraim, ninth child of Robert, who d. at Rehoboth, April 26, 1734. Robert, b. July 14, 1688 ; Andrew, great grandfather of Dr. Wheaton was born Aug. 15, 1721; Lucas, the grandfather, was b. Sept. 25, 1748, died at Rehoboth. James, father of Dr. Wheaton, came to Paw- tucket in iSin; d. in iSSo. Dr. Wheaton's mother was Martha Hopkins, 1). in Pawtucket. April 18, 1797. vSlie was a lineal descendant of Thomas Hopkins, who was b. in luigland, April 7, 1616, came to Provitlence with Roger Williams on his .second time of coming, recei\-ed a home lot and signed the comjiact in 1640 ; he d. in 16S4. THOMAS LISABELLE, ER OF THE STAR COLLECTING t WILLIAM MARRAN, GROCER. ADOLPH W. MASSMANN JOHN W. MEIKLEJOHN, V. MEIKLEJOHN A CO., MUSIC DEALERS. IHH! % u \ HENRY H. RUSSELL, TREASURER PAWTUCKET ICE CO. CHARLES E. THURBER, PROPRIETOR OF DEPOT EXPRESS. 476 ILLUSTRATICI) HISTORY OF I'AWTUC K FT. NATHAN W. WHIPPLE, PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHAN' WHIPPLE, Nathan William, fourth child of \\'asliiiigt<>n and Charlotte (Ra\) Whipple, was born April 14, 1843, at Cumberland, R. I. He attended the public schools of his native town and also at Woonsocket. In 1865 he went to Chicago, where for nearly a year he worked in a publishing house. The following year he came to Pawtucket and went into the employ of J. \V. Tingle3-& Co., grocers and grain dealers, where he remained three years. In 1869 he purchased the Diamond Hill grocery, which he sold shortly thereafter and again entered the employ of Tingley & Co. In 1S71 he again made a business venture, buying a grocery store on Broad street, Central Falls, which he conducted successfully for seven years and then sold his business. In 1878 he e.stablished his present business of general wholesale produce commission merchant at rear 323 Main street, Pawtucket. In politics Mr. Whipple is a Republican. May 19, 1875, he was married to Lavinia C. Mason of Pawtucket, by which union there are three children : Gertrude M., b. May 19, 1876; S. Maud, b. Sept. 19, 1878 ; Nathan W., b. Oct. 2, 1880. Mr. Whipple comes of an old New h-ngland lamih', his paternal and maternal grandfathers and his father being born and brought nyi in the town of Cumberland. His lather was born l'"eb. 24, 1813, and died March i, 1895. His mother was born in Cumberland, October, 1814. WHITE, David J., secretary of the Standard Seamless Wire Co., w^as born Oct. 10, 1856, at Pawtucket, and is the fifth child of William H. and Mary (Waugh) Wliile. He attended the public schools of his native place until he was 17 years old. His first occupation was with the Pawtucket Record, and later with the Central Falls Weekl}^ Visitor. In 1890 he purchased the Record and in 1891 he bought the Visitor and consolidated the papers, which he then pul)- lished as the Record-\'isitor, which he sold in 1892. In politics Mr. White is a Republican. In 1 89 1 he was unanimously nominated for mayor. By the interjection of local i.ssues into the cam- paign, a third ticket was placed in the field. The nominees were: Hugh J. Carroll, Demo- crat ; David J. White, Republican ; Albert R. Sherman, Citizens' nomination papers. This triangular contest was conducted in a most acri- monious manner, for five separate elections, and resulted in the election of the Democratic nom- inee, at the last election. It was one of the most e.Kciting municipal political contests in the history of Rhode Island. Mr. White was clerk of the common council in 1888-89-90 ; he was president of the council in 1895, and a member of the board of aldermen in 1 89 1 , representing the third w^ard. He has also represented Pawtucket in the General Assembly. In 1892 he connecteil himself with the Standard Seamless Wire Co., of which he is at pre.sent secretary. He belongs to the Free Masons and the K. of P. Oct. 3, 1888, he was married to L,illian A. Kerns of Greenwich, N. Y. WHITE, Frederic Howard, thinl child of Zebulon P. and Sarah Cha.se (Walker) White, was born Feb. 20, 1848, at Norton, Mass. He attended the public schools at Pawtucket, whither his parents had removed, and completed his education at Tufts College, Medford, Mass., from which he was graduated in 1869 with the BIOGRAPHIES. 477 degrees of B. Ph. and C. E. His first occupa- tion was as a bookkeeper in his father's foundry, which position he held until 1S72 when he was admitted as a partner into the firm of H. Z. Baker & Co. In 1S73 Mr. Baker retired and the firm name was changed to Z. P. and J. vS, White iS: Co. In 1875 the foundry and machine shojis were consolidated and in 1880 Frederic .sold his interest to J. S. White. In that year Mr. White's brother, Zebnion L., became editor of the Press and the Morning Star, Providence, and Frederic was engaged as general manager of the job and book printing office, and also had charge of the press room and the stereotype departments of the newspapers. In 1884 he returned to Pawtucket and organized the firm of White, Fuller & Sons, contractors, builders and house decorators. In 1889 he purchased the interest of his partners in the stores and has since conducted the business alone at 365, 367 and 369 Main street. This business proved a success from its inception. Mr. White represented the first ward in the city council in 1886. He belongs to the Free Masons, the Odd Fellows and the Royal Arcanum. Feb. I, 1875, he was married to Ella K. Ridler of Boston, by which union there have been five children : Ella W., b. Feb. 24, 1876 : Helen R., b. Sept. 6, 1877; Er^-ing K., b. Jan. 19, 1S80 ; Frederic P., b. Oct. 9, 1881 ; Samuel, b. Nov. 27, 1885, d. Aug. I, 1887. WHITE, J. Ellis, son of Joshua S. and Harriet (Newell) White was born March 24, 1858, in the village of Pawtucket, town of North Providence. He attended the public schools of his native town, then went to Mowry and Goff's English and Classical school. Providence, for five years, after which he took a course at the Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. Upon finishing his studies he became associated with his father in the foundry and machine business, and for a number of years previous to his father's death had general supervision of the establish- ment. After twent)' j-ears' connection with the industry, soon after the death of his father, Mr. W'hite disposed of his interest in the foundry and machine shop to his brothers and si.ster. Since then he has devoted his time to the care and management of his real estate properties. I'rom 18S9 to 1892 he represented the fourth ward in the city council. He was one of the joint committee of .seven of the city council that conducted the Centenary of Cotton Spinning in 1890, and he was secretary of the committee. At the November election of 1896 he was elected alderman from the fourth ward for 1897. Oct. 26, 1 88 1, he was married to Emily A. Richard- son of Pawtucket. WHITE, Joshua Shaw, third child of Zeb- ulon and Peggy (Wliite) White, was born Nov. 13, 1818, at Norton, Mass., and died at Paw- tucket, R. I., Dec. II, 1895. He received his schooling in his native town. F'or a while he followed the occupation of farming, but when 24 years old he entered the employ of the Paw- tucket Cupola Furnace Co., in which his father was a partner. In 1847 his father, Zebulon White, erected a foundry on Dexter street, and in 1S60, upon the death of his father, he united with his brother and they carried on the busi- ness under the name of Z. P. & J. S. White. In 1872 Frederic H. White was admitted as a partner and the firm added a machine shop and carried on the business under the name of Z. P. and J. S. White & Co. This firm con- tinued until 1880 when Joshua bought out his partners and conducted the business under his individual name. Since Mr. White's death the business has been continued by Henry T. White, his son, and Charles P'. Buttervvorth, his son-in- law, as the J. S. White Co., at the old location, 21 Dexter street. ( For an account of the foundry see page 147 of the history. ) Mr. White was a Republican. He was a member of the Universalist church. May 17, 1848, he was married to Sarah P. Ingraham of Pawtucket, who died April 7, 1850. May 4, 1 85 1, he was married the second time to Harriet Newell of Pawtucket, by which union there are four children : Harriet, J. I'Hlis, William .Sliaw, and Henry T. WHITE, Willis Harkness, was born in Millville, Mass., Dec. 22, 1862. He attended the juiblic schools of U.xbridge until he was 16 years old. He then worked for five months in Henry S. Farnham's furniture store, when he secured a position as bookkeeper with the Ham- 478 ILLHSTR ATI'.I) HISTORY O !• I'AWTUC K IvT. illoii Wc1) C(i., of IlaniiUon, R. I., wliciv lie remained tliix-e years. Croiiis' lo llu- cilN nl Pro\-i(leiK-e he became associated with Robert P. C.iffonl as sul)-aj^eiit for the Provident Life and Trust Co., and followed this business for a j-ear. lie then worked for a year as a bonk keeper with the Albion Co., and after tlial, in the village of Hill's Orove was engaged in mer- cantile business with Benjamin C. Sweet for two and a half years. As a result of this varied ex- perience, Mr. White was admiraljly fitted for the position he now occupies, as .secretary and assistant treasurer of the Hope Webbing Co., which he has held since the company was incor- porated in 1889, previous to which date he acted as bookkeeper for about two years. In politics Mr. White is a Prohibitionist, and is an active and aggressive worker for his political faith. He is a member of the Society of Friends, and belongs to the Greenwich Monthly Meeting. His interest in local and state history is mani- fested by the fact that he is a member of the Rhode Island Historical Society. He was married Feb. 21, 1883, to Emily Sisson, daugh- ter of Asa and Mary Ann Sisson of North Kingstown, R. I. The issue of this union are: Mary Harkne.ss, b. in Providence, P'eb. 11, 1884 ; Charles Howard, b. at Hill's (rrove, Aug. 30, 1S85 ; and Louisa, b. at Hill's Grove, April I, 1894. WHITNEY, Lemuel, son of Dewell and Eniil}- (Derby) Whitney, was born Oct. 30, 1848, at Ashburnham, Mass., where he attended the pttblic schools and worked on a farm until he was 16 years old. He then worked in a car- riage factory, at Chester, \'t., and from there went as clerk in a country store at Ashley, Mass. He enlisted in the 2i.st Massachusetts and joined his regiment at Washington, I). C, in July, 1862. He participated in man>- famous battles, and was honorably discharged in 1864, when he returned to Ashburnham and worked in a chair factor}-, and later purchased one-half interest in a country .store in Westminster, Mass. He then moved to Howard, Mass.; later he joined with his brother in a country store at Ashby. In 1868 he came to Pawtncket and opened a grocery store with a Mr. Lane, nmler llie iMni name nt Whilne\- >.K: Lane, and located on the site now oeinipied bv the Pacific Bank building. In iSdij he bought out Mr. I- of Good Fellows. In 186S he was married to Isabel vS. Ward of Ashburnham, Mass., b>- which union there is one child, Arthur V,. WHITAKER, Stephen, son of Asa and Rebecca B. (Hammond) Whitaker, was born May 1 1, 1835, at Conwaj-, N. H , and died Ma3" 12, 1S96, in Pawtucket. He attended the pub- lic schools of his native place until he was 10 years old but finished his education at the Phillips vSchool, Boston, Mass., where his parents had removed. His fir.st occupation was in a dry goods store on Bowdoin Square, Boston, where he remained three years. When 17 years old he learned the trade of a carpenter. In 1859 he came to Pawtucket, and, after working at his trade a number of years, finall}- bought the in- terest of Nathaniel Lewin in the firm of Lewin, Fisk & Kenyon, and formed a new firm under the name of Kenyon, Drown .S: Co. Later on Mr. Drown withdrew and the name was changed to Kenyon & Whitaker. This firm did business for one > ear, when Benjamin F. Smith was ad- mitted as a partner, the name was changed to KeuNon, Whitaker & Smith, and so continued until 1S91), when Mr. Whitaker sold his interest to Mr. .Smith, and retired from active business. In i)()litics Mr. Whitaker is a Republican. He was chief engineer of the fire department of the old town of Pawtucket, and was assistant JOHN WADSWORTH, WADSWORTH MANUF/ WILLIAM W. WALKER, SUPERINTENDENT SAYLES' BLEACI FREDERICK H. WHITE, LEMUEL WHITNEY, JAMES H. WILBER, OF THE TROY STEAM LAUNDRY. DANIEL L. WILLMARTH, CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER. 480 ILLUSTRATI-I) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. chief (.■iiginccr uiulci S. S. C()Il>er, afltr tlie consolidation. Aug. 17, 1S73, he was married to Harriet Smith Pierce in Pawtucket, by which union tliere were three children : Stephen Pierce, b. Oct. ]■!,, 1S74, d. June 2, 1879; Emma Rebecca, b. March 21, 1S7S: Bertha Pierce, b. July 7, I .S8 1 . WILBER, James H., the seventh child of Andrew Taylor and Hannah King (Simmons) Wilber, was born Oct. 29, i860, in North Uart- moutli, Mass. He received his schooling in his native town, and at the age of 16 went to sea from New Bedford on the whaling bark Josephine. The voyage lasted three years. Afterwards for about a year and a half he was an able seaman on coastwi.se vessels. This gave him all the seafaring experience he desired. He then worked at various occupations. In 1S92 he engaged with the Troy Steam Laundry Co., 14 Dexter street, Pawtucket and soon made him- .self useful and essential. November, 1895, he purchased a third interest in the concern. Under the energetic management of Mr. Will)er and his associates, C. F. Kinney and William M. Holliday, the business has been very suc- cessful. In jiolitics Mr. Wilber is a Republican. WILKINSON, Isaac Randolph, was born in Smithfield, R. I., April 21, 1826, and is the son of Isaac and Hannah (Streeter) Wilkinson, and the fourth of a family of seven. He is in the seventh generation from Lawrance, the American founder of the family, and one of the first settlers of Providence. Isaac R. attended the public .schools of his native town, and com- pleted his education at James Bushee's acad- emy, Smithfield. After leaving school he learned the trade of a carpenter. He then for some time was clerk in the Mechanics House, Woonsocket, and afterwards he conducted a hotel in Canada. In 1849 he went to the California gold fields with three other men who were brothers, and they remained until 1851, vvlien they all returned together. In that year he came to Pawtucket and went to work in Smith Grant's grocery store, where he remained for two years. At the end of this time he engaged in the grocery busi- ness on his own account and carried it on for ISAAC R. WILKINSON. POSTMASTER PAWTUCKET 1887--1892. ten years. F'or eleven years he was the confi- dential bookkeeper of H. L. F'airbrother & Co., tanners and belt makers. Mr. Wilkinson has always been a Demo- crat. He was a member of the North Provi- dence town council in 1 860-1 and of the Pawtucket town council in iSSo. President Cleveland appointed him postmaster of Paw- tucket. May 26, 1885, and he served in that position for five j'ears and five months. In religion he is a Universalist. He is an influen- tial member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association. Mr. Wilkinson married F^liza H. Arnold, Sept. 7, 1849, at Providence, and four daughters are the issue of the union : Ella H., b. Feb. 7, 1850, in East C7reenwich ; Hattie (iertrude, b. July 4, 1854, Stanstead, P. Q., Canada; limma Jean, b. Dec. 16, 1856, Paw- tucket ; and Alice Ethel, b. Jan. 9, 1866, Pawtucket. WILLMARTH, Daniel L., son of Haskell !•;. and Mary Iv. (Webster) Willmarth, was born in Seekonk, Mass., Oct. 5, 1849. His opportunities for attending school and obtaining even the rudiments of an education were very limited, being, from an early age, obliged to help in the hard work of the homestead farm. BIOGRAPHIES. 481 In 1868 he came to Pawtiicket, and was appren- ticed to learn the trade of a carpenter, which he was afterwards to follow through life. In 1873, on the completion of his apprenticeship, he started in business for himself as a contractor and builder. By his energy, perseverance and honorable dealing he has built up a large and profitable business, and many beautiful resi- dences and important and valuable buildings devoted to a variety of useful purposes attest his skill in his chosen line of work. His shop and office at present are on Capital street. He has alwaj's taken an interest in local municipal politics, and in 1895 was chosen a member of the Common Council of the city gov- ernment, being re-elected for a second term in the same body in 1896. He was al.so Inspector of Public Buildings, by appointment of the mayor, for one year. He was married. May 18 1874, to Miss Alice Hawes Smith, of Lincoln, R. I., from which union there is one .son, Dan- iel L. Willmarth, Jr. WILLMARTH, John W., chief engineer of the Pawtucket fire department, is the second child of Haskell E. and Mary E. (Webster) Willmarth. He was bom, Dec. 8, 1851, at Seekonk, Mass., where he attended the public schools until he was 12 years old. His first employment was on a farm. In 1867 he learned the trade of a carpenter with Bliss & Carpenter, of Pawtucket, and continued to work for that firm as a journeyman. In 1876 he entered into partnership with Mr. Carpenter, as contractors and builders, the firm name being Carpenter & Willmarth. In 1878 Mr. Carpenter's interest was purchased by Robert MacKillop, and the firm name was changed to Willmarth & Mac- Killop. The firm's extensive establishment, at 48 Dexter street, contains all the modern wood working machinerj-, and the facilities are unsur- passed. Among the public buildings erected by this firm are Church Hill school, Pidge avenue, Grove street, and the Mineral avenue schools, Pawtucket ; the High school. Central Falls; the Masonic Temple, Providence; and the Soldiers' Home, Bristol, R. I. For man\- years he has been connected with the fire department, and on March i, 1896, suc- ceeded John Brierly as chief. He is the second incumbent of this position since Pawtucket became a city. In politics he is a Republican. He belongs to the Odd Fellows, and is a 32nd degree Mason. His father was born in Seekonk, Mass., where the family was settled at a very early date. His mother was born in Freetown, Mass., and is a member of the old Webster family of that place. WILSON, James, city messenger, son of John and Charlotte (Cox) Wil.son, was born Feb. 10, 1837, in Kinderhook, Columbia count}-, New York. His parents moved to Woodville, Mass., and in 1S47 to Central Falls, and in 1849 to Pawtucket, R. I., where he worked in a cotton mill and attended the evening school kept by the late Joseph Carter in Central Falls, and also the evening schools in Pawtucket, and later a commercial school in Providence about one year. In 1857 he learned the trade of iron moulding in the .shop of James S. Brown. August, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Co. I, 4th regiment, R. I. Volunteers, Erastus E. Lapham, captain. He was appointed corporal upon the organization of the corapanj- and was acting sergeant at the battle of Newberne, N. C, following which he was promoted to be ser- geant. In consequence of a wound received in that battle he was honorably discharged in Sep- tember, 1862. He returned to Pawtucket and went to work in the Fales & Jenks foundry. In August, 1868, he was appointed a police con- •stable by the town of North Providence and ser\-ed for two years. He had also power as constable to nerve civil process, and this posi- tion he still holds. August, 1874, he was ap- pointed a deputy .state con.stable by Gov. Howard, under the constabularj- law. From August, 1875, to April, 1876, he was .special liquor officer in the employ of the town of Paw- tucket. He was appointed a deputy sheriff by sheriff Holden and held office for several years. February, 1892, he was elected city sergeant and messenger by the city council of Pawtucket. which position he now holds. For the past 25 years he has been prosecuting oiScer for the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Ani- 4«- ILLUSTRATlvI) HISTORY O !• I' AW T f C K i; T nials. Ill cuiijiuKliDii with his uianifoltl iluties as a public officer he successfully coiulucls a prosperous real estate office and collection bureau in the Cole block, 271 Main street. He belongjs to the Pawtucket Business Men's Asso- ciation : the G. A. R.; Hope Lodge, No. 1.S6 ; Knights of Honor: and Noiijiarcil Teiiijile of Honor, No. 4. He was married to I'UIeii L. Cliace of Pawtucket, by which union there are two children now li\-ing. WILSON, Robert, contractor and builder, is the third child of Joseph Mountain and Mai\- A. Wilson. He was born March 5, 1.S62, at Leeds, York.shire, England, where he attended school until he was 10 years old. He afterwards learned the trade of a mason and worked at that occupation as a jounieyman in England and Ireland. In i.s.Sj he came to America ami worked at his trade in various places. Finally he located in Pawtucket, and in March, iSS.s, commenced business as a ma.son contractor, buiUliug Church Hill grammar school, Warren town hall, Johnston high school and other l)uildings. In 18S9 he commenced taking con- tracts for the completion of buildings, doing his own car])enter work, hiring his men himself, not sub-letting any branch of the building construc- tiiiii. The following buildings speak of his capabilities : Times building, telephone build- ing, and Central avenue school house, Paw- tucket ; Dr. Morrill's block. Concord, N. H.; State Institute for the Deaf, Providence, R. I. In ])oIitics Mr. W^ilson is a Republican. He is a member, was one of the organizers, and is treasurer of the Woodlawn Bapti.st church. July 20, 1.SS7, he was married to Mary Marsh, daughter of Rev. John H. Marsh, and by this union there are two children : Mildred Marsh, b. Feb. ly, 1 S.Sy ; Ivditli Mar\'.l). June 12, iSyr. WOOD, Alanson Pitcher, was born in Smithfield, R. I., Jan. 31, ICS37, and was the first child of Henry H. and Kliza (Gage) Wood. He attended the public .schools of Centr;il I''.ills and Pawtucket until he was 19 years old when he obtained a position with a wholesale lumber house in Providence. In 185.S he formed a part- nership with his father, Henry B. W'ood, and Gideon C. Siiiilh under the name of the Central P'alls Lumber Cn. In 1.S65 Mr. Wood and his brother, Antlion\ G. Wood, purchased the inter- est of Mr. .Smith, and his father, Mr. Wood, and carried on the business until 1S78, when their father again became a jiartner, and the firm was thereafter known as H. li. Wood ^: Co. His father died in 1.S.S6, and in 1.S91 Autliony died, since which time Mr. Wood has carried on the business himself under the old firm name. Mr. Wood is a charter member of W'a.shing- ton I^odge, K. of P.; and of .Superior Lodge, I. ().(). !•■., Central h'alls : and he is also a F'ree Ma.srm. In politics he is a Republican. He attends the Central Falls Baptist church on Broad street. Maj' 28, 1863, he was married to L>dia A. Thurber, of Seekonk, Mass. On both his father's and his mother's side Mr. Wood is descended from old New England families. His maternal grandfather, Anthony Gage, who was a sea captain for many years, was b. in 1763 and d. in 1831. His grandmother on his mother's side was b. at Harwich, Mass., Feb. 18, 1779, and d. in Central Falls in 1869. His paternal grandfather, Jonathan Wood, was b. Nov. 20, 1778, and spent his life in tilling the soil, dying at Attleboro, Mass., Sept. 16, i860. His grandmother on his father's side, Betsey Wood, was b. June 30, 1780, and d. Jan. 23, 1864. It will thus be seen that his family are remarkable for longevity. His father, Henry B. Wood, the well-known lumber dealer of Central F'alls, was b. in Rehoboth, Ma.ss., Feb. 14, 1803, and d. in Central Falls, Sept. 27, 1886. The mother of .Mr. Wood was Eliza Gage, b. in Harwich, Mass., Dec. 11, 1809, and was a member of the Gage famils' of that place. .She died in Central Falls, Oct. 27, 1878. Mr. Wood seems to be in the enjoyment of perfect health and bids fair to attain as great an age as his grandiiarents. At the outbreak of the rebellion he enli.sted in the ytli Rhode Island regiment in the second three months' contingent. He was promoted to be corporal and served and returned with the company. He was a member of a company of zouaves in Pawtucket before he went to the war. Mr. Wood was born on the site of his present residence, which was then in the town DARIUS L. GOF!^, AND TREASURER D. GOFF 4 SONS. STEPHEN WHITAKER RETIRED CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER J. ELLIS WHITE, DEALER IN REAL ESTATE ALANSON p. WOOD, OF H. B. WOOD i. CO., LUMBER ETC. 484 ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF PAWTUCKET. of Sinitlifield, .subse(iui.iitl> Lincoln, now Cen- tral Falls. He lived in the cottage he was born in nnlil two years ago, when he moved the cot- tage and hnilt his present residence. WOOD, Charles D., son of Joseph and I'liila T. (I'reenian) Wood, was born, Xo\-. 2t,. 1.S44, at Central I'alls, where he attended the public schools and coin])leted his education at Lyon's University Grammar vSchool, Providence. His fir.st occupation was as a bookkeeper in Rockville. Conn. Ik- then went to New York and becanit.' :i partner in tlie firm of Belding Brothers, silk maintlacturers. Six years later he disposed of his interest in this firm, came to Central Falls, and engaged in the tanning busi- ness with Nathaniel Fairbrother. Subsequent!)- he engaged in the manufacture of machines for making .shoes, in Boston; and in 1890 he joined w-ith Henry T. Smith in the manufacture of seamless wire, and soon after organized the Standard Seamless Wire Co., of which he is now a director. He is also a stockholder in the Champion Nailing Machine Co., of Boston. During the civil war he ser\-ed in the 9th R. I. Volunteers. He is an attendant of the Congre- gational church, and is a member of the Knights of Pythias. In politics he is a Republican. His grand- father, William Wood, was born Oct. 23, 1760, at Hopkinton, Mass., and rendered signal ser- vice to his country during the war of the revolu- tion. His father was born at Hopkinton, Oct. 18, 1803; became a prominent cotton manufac- turer in Central Falls, and was successively a member of the firms of Benedict & Wood, Wood, Adams & Co., Wood & Adams, and the Stafford Manufacturing Co. He died at Central Falls, F'eb. 10, 1873. WOODHEAD, Thomas Abraham, grocer, go Hawes street. Central h'alls, is the second child of Abraham and Maria (Pilkinton) Wood- head, and was born Sept. 2, 1851, at North Dighton, Mass. He attended the public schools at Stafford Springs, Conn., until he was 17 years old. He first went to work with his father in a dye house, but after working at this occupation for two years he abandoned it to learn the trade of a machinist at Providence. In 1876 he pur- THOMAS A. WOODHEAD. GROCER. chased a half interest in the retail grocery store of William Weeden, at 90 Hawes street. Central Falls. In 1878 Mr. Weeden sold his interest to E. L- Johnston, and in 1891 Mr. Woodhead bought Mr. Johnston's interest and has since conducted the business alone with much success. In politics he is a Republican. He attends the Park Place Congregational church. He is a member of the Odd F'ellows. Jan. 6, 1S81, he was married to Mary E. Barber of Central Falls, by which union there are three children : Charles, b. March 15, 1883 ; Alice, b. Aug. 7, 1888; Florence, b. Jan. 12, 1892. Mr. Wood- head descends from a family of English origin. His grandfather was born in England, and was a manufacturer of woolen cloth. His father was born in England, in 1818, and came to this countrj' when a young man ; he was a boss dyer. His mother was born Aug. 10, 1S23, at North Dighton, Mass. WOOLLEY, Rev. Joseph J., ])astor ul the Park Place Congregational church, the .son of Joseph and Fanny (Burroughs) Woollej', was born in Bridgeport, Conn., Sept. 17, 1832. He received his education in the public schools of his nati\-e place and the preparatory school of B. L.Johnson. He then entered the ministry of B I O CHi A P H I E S . 485 the Methodist Episcopal church, becoming a member of the New York East Conference. After pursuing the prescribed four years' course of study he was ordained deacon in 1S60 by Bishop Scott, and elder by Bishop Mathew Simpson two years later. Soon after the out- break of the war of the rebellion he became chaplain of the 8th regiment, Connecticut Vol- unteers, served in the Burnside campaign in North Carolina, but was honorably discharged on account of sickness. He then became pastor of the Center Congregational church in Merideu, Conn., from which he was dismissed by council to accejit the call of the Pawtucket Congrega- tional church. Mr. Woolley came to Pawtucket the first time in June, 1871, and preached, as a candidate, at the First Con- gregational church, to which he received a unanimous call the following week. He came to reside with his family, in September of the same year. In March, 1882, he resigned and went to Europe, where he spent three months. On his return he was invited to become the pastor of a new church, the Sunday school of which was organized in Aug- ust, 1882, and the church im- mediately afterwards. This church is called the Park Place Congregational, and began its first meetings in Music Hall, where its services were held until March, 1885. The corner stone of the new edifice was laid in 1S84. In February, 1889, Mr. Woolley went, together with Thomas P. Barnefield, the super- intendent of the Park Place Sunday school, to Eui'ope, traveling in the East, going to Egypt, Palestine, and other countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. After an absence of four months he returned and resumed his labors in the church of which he holds the pastorate. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSO= CIATION of Pawtucket and Central Falls was REV. JOSEPH J. WOOLLEY organized as a result of a movement inaugurated by H. \V. Harrub, principal of the Church Hill school, and president of the Local Christian Iiiidea\or Union, who called a meeting of repre- sentative young men from the churches of Paw- tucket and Central Falls, in November, 1888. Those present favored the movement, and there- upon a committee was appointed to enlist the co-operation of the clergy. As a result of the work of the committee several subsequent meet- ings were held, and sub-coiiunittees were ap- pointed to secure needed funds. The project met with substantial encouragement from the business men of the community, and in Novem- ber, 1889, the announcement was made that a sufficient de- finite sum had been raised to pu.sh the enterprise to a con- clusion. Dec. 2, 1889, a meet- ing of those who had signified their intention to become members of the Association was held in the Park Place church, when a constitution and bj'-laws were adopted. An adjourned meeting of the Association was held in the ve.stry of the First Congrega- tional church, Dec. 30, 1889, when a board of directors, a treasurer, and a recording secretary was chosen. Sub- secpiently the board of direc- tors met and elected a ])resident, vice-president and auditor. Eater on \V. S. Foster, of New York, was engaged as general secretary and entered upon his duties in January, 1890. The rooms of the Association in Kinyon Block were formally opened on Monday even- ing, F'ebruary 10, 1890. Among the exercises were addresses by president Andrews, of Brown Ihiiversity, and Rev. Alexander McGregor, pas- tor of the Pawtucket Congregational church. The first officers of the association were : presi- dent, Ansel D. Nickerson ; vice-president, James R. MacColl ; treasurer, George H. Fuller; re- cording secretary, James L. Jenks ; auditor, Andrew R. Mattesou. Mi. Nickerson, after 486 ILLUSTRATlvD HISTORY OF I'AWTUCKICT two years service, was succeeded b},- J. K. MacColl, who served two years and was fol- lowed by M. S. Joliiisou, the present president. Mr. Foster resigned as general secretary, May I, 1891, and was succeeded by A. T. Stratton, the present incumbent, who entered upon his duties June 22, of the same year. After .several years of progressive growth, new and commo- dious quarters were .secured and were specially arranged for the Association in the Taylor building, and on the evening of July 10, 1895, they were formally opened with appropriate exercises. The As.sociation has now 520 enrolled members. BARNEFIELD, Thomas Pierce, son of John and Eliza Ann (Thayer) Barnefield, was born March 25, 1844, in Boston, Mass., and was educated in the public schools of Massachu- setts. His father died when he was eight years old, and his mother was married to Martin Snow, of North Bridgewater, now Brockton. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the 35th regiment of Ma.ssachu.setts Volunteers and served with his regiment in the battles of South Mountain, Antietani, Fredericksburg, Vicksburg, and Jackson, and was mustered out at the clo.se of the war with the rank of first lieutenant. In 1865 he located in Pawtucket, and entered as a student in the law office of Pardon E. Tilling- hast, now associate justice of the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island. Oct. 8, 1870, he was admitted to the bar, and has since practiced his profession in Paw- tucket. In 1871-72 he was elected by the Gen- eral Assembly a judge of the magistrates' court for Pawtucket and vicinity ; and was ai)pointed judge of the Probate Court of Pawtucket for the years 1879-80-81. He was elected a mem- ber of the General A.ssembly from Pawtucket for the .se.ssions of 18S0, 1881, 1884, 1885, 1886 and 1887. In 1884 he was appointed town soli- citor of Pawtucket, and, upon the organization of the city govenunent in 1886, he was elected city solicitor and held that office until 1896. He is, by appointment of the supreme court, one of the .standing masters in chancery for the countj- of Providence. In 1880 he was appointed assistant judge advocate general of the state, with the rank of captain. He is a member of the Congregational church and for the last eigh- teen years has been superintendent of the Sab- bath school. From October, 1892, to October, 1.S94, he was president of the Congregational Club of Rhode Island; and in 1895 was cho.sen a director of the Rhode Island Home Missionery Societ}". Since 1S8S he has been a trustee of the Franklin .Savings Bank. In 187 1 he was mar- ried to Clara Josephine Paine, by which union there are three children : Florence May ; Harold Chester ; Ralph Tillinghast. Mr. Barnefield is descended in the ninth generation on his mother's side from John Alden who came to America in the Mayflower in 1620. His father, formerly of Gloucestershire, England, is a descendant of John Barneveldt, who was Grand Pensionary of Holland in the beginning of the seventeenth century. BEACH, James Workman, the .son of William B. and Sarah (Kanodle) Beach, was born in New Orleans, Dec. 23, i860. He was educated in the public schools and in the Bryant & Stratton Business College, Providence. In 1876 went into the stock raising business in Col- orado where he remained six years. He then came back to Providence, was employed as bookkeeper by several firms, and became well known as an accountant, giving much of his time to auditing intricate accounts. In May, 1895, he bought out the Standard Bottling Co., at 318-322-324 East avenue, Pawtucket. The company manufactures carbonated beverages, in- cluding lemon .soda, sarsaparilla, gingerale, birch beer, blood orange, and many other flavors. The premises on East avenue are excellently equipped for the manufacture ; an artesian well 276 feet deep furnishes a supply of pure water at the rate of 40 gallons per minute. The basis of all the beverages is therefore uncontaminated, and this fact is the principal reason for the excel- lent re])utation that the product of the company has in the connnunity. A branch of the business which is increas- ing very fast is the bottling of the famous Narragansett lager, both for immediate u.se and JAMES W. BEACH, IIETOR STANDARD BOTTLI RICHARD M. BURNS, FURNISHrNG UNDERTAKER. ■1 ■-■■» '" DUNCAN H. CAMPBELL PRESTON A. CHACE, GROCER. JOHN ERVIN, GROCER, ETC. -J EDSON T. CHEEVER, WHEATON COLE, CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER. 488 ILLUSTRATIU) HISTORY OF PAWTUCKICT. export. The output of the export lager is 150 barrels a week. The companj' runs five wagons, covering Pawtucket, Providence and nearl)\- places. The extracts used in the soda are made from pure fruit juice and oils. The conipan>- employs at present twenty men. Since the business came under Mr. Reach's control it has been enlarged and many modern machines introduced. The output is now twice as great as when Mr Beach bought out the company. In connection with the local trade goods are shipped to the southern states and through the eastern part of Ma.ssachusetts. Mr. Beach was married to Annie Ogilen Crowell Oct. 28, 1885. She is the granddaughter of Captain George Child, commander of the Steamer Lexington which was burned on Long Island Sound, many years ago, onlj' two of the entire crew and passengers surviving, Captain Child being one of the lost. By this union there are three children: J. Harold, b. Nov. 28, 18S6; Annie Beatrice, b. Oct. 28, 1S91 ; Florence Mildred, b. April 25, 1S93. BRANAGHAN, John H., was born Nov. 19, 1S56, in Rehoboth, Ma.ss. He attended the public schools of his native town until he was 17 years old, when he learned the jewelry trade at Attleboro, and became a skilled workman. He first engaged in business in North Attleboro, but in 1889 came to Pawtucket, locating at 17 North Main .street, subsequently moving to 1 7 Exchange street, and finally locating in his present commodious quarters in the Payne building, corner Broad and Railroad streets. Mr. Branaghan is a careful, conservative busi- ness man and all his ventures have been uniformly successful. Nov. 29, 1895, he was married to Mary Eliza Johnson (nee Donnelly) of Paw- tucket. BUCKLIN, Charles R., of the firm of Bucklin & Trescott, son of Stephen R. and Amy Cuil- worth (Lawton) Bucklin, was born in Paw- tucket, R. I., Jan. 5, 1847. The Bucklins were among the first settlers of Rehoboth, and members of the family were the first white owners of a great deal of the land which now forms the east side of the city of Pawtucket. Here for many generations the Bucklins were substantial farmers. The father of Charles R. was a native of Smithfield, but came to Paw- tucket when a youth, learned to be a blacksmith, and afterwards carried on that business himself at the corner of Church street and F^ast avenue until about 1886. Charles R. attended the Pawtucket schools and the high school until he was 16 years of age when he entered the hardware store of George A. Mumford & Co., where he .stayed one year. Then for three years he was with Barker, Whittaker & Co., of Providence as a clerk. In Januarj-, 1869, he became bookkeeper for James Davis, of Pawtucket, in the leather belting busi- ness, and remained there until the company failed in 1884, when he and Waldo Trescott were appointed managers of the concern, the Davis Belting Co. They remained as managers until the fire in 1S93, when the property was entirely burned. Then they formed the inde- pendent firm of Bucklin & Trescott, which now manufactures belting from oak tanned leather. The new firm has built up a large trade as the legitimate successors of the James Davis Belting Co. Mr. Bucklin is a Republican. He was clerk of the school committee for four years, was a town councilman, has been clerk and moderator of election district and has ser\-ed as city auditor. He is a member of St. Paul's I'lpiscopal church. He belongs to Union Lodge, No. 10, of which he has been .secretary since 1 87 1 ; Pawtucket Royal Arch Chapter, No. 4, secretary for four years ; Holy Sepulchre Com- mandery ; Pawtucket Council Roj'al and Select Ma.sters, of which he is past recorder. He is also a member of the Providence Athletic Asso- ciation. Mr. Bucklin was married in 188 1 to Annie Tennant of Pawtucket, niece of Hon. George L. Littlefield, and the}- have had three children : Amy Elizabeth, Ethel Littlefield, and Ruth, all liorn in Pawtucket. BURNS, Richard M., was born April i, 1861, in Brooklyn, N. Y., anil is the son of James and Alice (Bryne) Burns, who located in Central F'alls when Richard was five years old. He attended the public schools at Central Falls, whither his parents had moved. In 1886 he opened a news depot and periodical store on BIOGRAPHIES. 489 Mill street. In the same year he joined with Thomas J. Crane in the undertaking business, which partnership was dissolved in 1895, since which time he has been engaged exclusivelj- in the undertaking business. He is a graduate of the United States College of Embalming and also a member of the executive committee of the New England Undertakers' Association. Mr. Burns is prominent in local politics and has been a candidate for the General Assembly on the Democratic ticket. He is a member of the Society of Good Fellows, and the Ancient Order of Fore.sters., being treasurer of the latter. He was captain of the famous Central Falls Cadets Drill Squad, when they competed for the championship of the I'nited States at vSpringfield, Ma.ss., Oct. 10, 1886, held the position of captain for four jears, and was a member of the organization for 12 3'ears. In 1884 he was married to Alice Caden of Central Falls, and they have six children : Alice, Eugene and Edward, born in Pawtucket ; Mary, John and Louise, born in Central Falls. CAMPBELL, Duncan H., was born Sept. i, 1828, at Sutherland, Scotland, and died in Pawtucket, R. I., Nov. 2, 1894. He came to this country with his parents in 1834. They having located in Boston he received his edu- cation in the public schools of that city, where he brought forth the series of inventions which made his name so famous. The first of these was " The New England and New Era Legging and Stitching Machine," which was at this time the only machine used for stitching cavalry boots, and for which there was a great demand. This gave him at once a national reputation. After searching for twenty years he invented a practical wax thread, lock-stitch, sewing mach- ine. It gave to the company a guarantee against all competitors and put upon the market the only perfect .shoe sewing machine in the world. His next invention of importance was a machine for the manufacture of cloth-covered buttons. The then existing contrivances for this work on the market were very complicated and required the services of two men to operate each machine. Mr. Campbell's iuv-ention dis- pensed with these attendants, the machine l)eing automatic in its action. Mr. Campbell was a charter member of Clan Fraser, No. 11, Order of Scottish Clans, and was its first chief. Among Scotsmen partic- ularly Mr. Campbell was held in the highest esteem, being a man of fine physique, great good-heartedness, and a thorough representative Highlandman in the proper sense of the term. CARTY, Gilbert, was born in 1833, County Ro.scommon, Ireland. He was a farmer's son and received his education in his native country. At the age of 18 he left the land of his birth and settled in Ouidnick, R. I., where he soon after- wards identified himself with the A. & W. Sprague Manufacturing Co., of that place. After remaining with them three j-ears he spent the succeeding three years in the state of Wis- consin. In IS39 he returned to Quidnick, where he met and married Mi.ss Winfred Greeley, a woman of high Christian character, who proved a worthy helpmate, and to her counsel and assistance Mr. Carty feels indebted for a gener- ous measure of the success which has attended his business enterprises. Two sons and four daughters were the fruits of Mr. and Mrs. Carty's happy union, and of these one son and three daughters are living: Bernard F., Marj- E., Bridget, and Margaret A. During the first 14 years after his marriage Mr. Carty was with the Valley Falls Co., and sub.sequently with the Berkeley Co., in Cumber- land. In 1879 he established a periodical store on the old Mendon road, in that town, and car- ried on there a prosperous business for three years. He then moved with his family to Cen- tral Falls and engaged in the grocery and provision business on Richardson street. In 1892 the volume of his trade required more extensive quarters and he erected and occupied the block located at the corner of Pine and Richardson streets, where he has ever since car- ried on a lucrative business. Mr. Carty has an able assistant in the person of his son, Bernard F. As a citizen Mr. Carty has always taken an active part in public affairs. His honesty of purpose and straight-forward manner wins and holds the esteem of his fellowmen. He was 490 ILLUSTRATI'D HISTORY OF I'AW Tl^ C K I".T. elected to the Lincoln town council in 18S9, where he served his term with marked ahility. In i.Sgo he was returned to the council. In politics Mr. Carty is a Democrat. He has always been a leader in the councils of his party and was for years a member of the town and state committees. Mr. Cart\- is a Roman Catholic, beinu- a devoted member of Holy Trinity parish, in all concerns of which he is i^reall)- interested. His influence and purse are ahvavs at the disposal of church work, and every charitable object, whether in his own church or in another, no matter of what denomination, finds in him a ready and generous supporter. Mr. Cartj^ is prominent in the membershi]) of .several Catholic societies, and is president of the Holy Name Society of his pari.sh. He is also a member of the Central Falls As.sembly, Royal vSociety of Good F'ellows. He is a thor- ough-going, intelligent, progressive citi- zen and business man, one who can be counted upon at all times for the right. Plain of manner, frank of speech, sin- cere of purpose and prompt in the per- formance of every obligation, the com- munity has no member more entitlei respect than Gilbert Carty. CHACE, Jonathan, United States Senator from Rhode Island from 1.885 to 1889, and one of the leading cotton manufacturers in New England, was bom in Fall River, Mass., July 22, 1829. He is the son of Har\-ey Chace and the grandson of Oliver Chace. The latter was the pioneer cotton manufacturer in Fall River. Jonathan was educated at the Friends School, Providence, and at Leicester Academy, Mass. He fir.st engaged in business in Philadelphia in 1850, and in 1857 became connected with his father and uncle in the cotton mills at \'alley Falls and Albion, established by them. He is interested in various industrial and other enter- prises including insurance companies, railroads, savings and national banks, and is a director to its ATES SENATOR F of the Pawtucket Gas Co. In politics he is a Republican and has been a member of the town council and of the state senate. In 1880 he was elected to the National House of Representatives from the Second Rhode Island District, and was re-elected in 1882. He was elected to the United States Senate to sen-e the unexpired term of Henry B. Anthony, deceased, Jan. 26, 1885, and re-elected in 1888 for the full term of six years, but resigned in March, 1889. Mr. Chace is a member of the Societj- of Friends, in which religious organization his ancestors have been prominent for many genera- tions. He was married October, 1854, to' Jane C. Moon, and from this union there are three children : Anna H., ICli/abeth M. and Susan A. (the latter deceased). His father was born at Somerset, Mass., Aug. 31, 1797. The family is BIOGRAPHIKS. 491 one of the oldest in the United States, and the founder, William Chace, came to this country with Gov. Endicott and settled in Salem, Mass. Mr. Chace is a man of pronounced ability, and his counsel is frequently asked and more- over his advice is followed, for his keen discern- ment, executive force and rugged reliability are recognized. In social life he is of a sterling disposition and in commercial affairs he is clean, direct, forceful and certain. Were he ambitious for political life he could be elected to any office within the gift of the people of Rhode Island. CM ACE, Preston A., was born June 12, 184S, in Pawtucket, and is the son of Hiram T. and Phoebe (Nickerson) Chace. His ancestors came originally from Wales and settled at Swansej', Mass., at the beginning of the last centurj-. His grandfather, Luther Chace, was engaged in the teaming and express business in Pawtucket in the early part of the present cen- tury. Preston A. attended the public schools until 1861, when his parents moved to Provi- dence, returning in 1865. In 1868 he went to Boston and learned the trade of a painter with his uncle, Reuben A. Chace. In 1870 he re- turned to Pawtucket and became clerk and bookkeeper for Freeman & Kelley, stove and hardware dealers at Providence. In 1873 he joined his father in the grocers- business, and Jan. I, 1874, was admitted into partnership when the firm name became H. T. Chace & Son. The store at that time was located on School street, but is now at No. 2 Prospect street. In 1890 Mr. Chace purchased his father's interest and has since conducted the business alone. He is a member of the First Free Baptist church ; he was for nine years its treasurer. He joined the Pawtucket Fire De- partment in 1876, was appointed captain in 1 88 1, and was eight years secretary of the Charitable Relief Association of the Pawtucket Fire Department. He was a member of the Rhode I.sland militia from 1865 to 1869. In 1872 he was married to Lizzie Hawkins of Paw- tucket, who died Dec. 8, 1872. He was married the second time in 1876, to Charlotte WooLsey of England, by which union there have been RESIDENCE OF JABEZ FOLLETT, CENTRAL FALLS. four children: Arthur L., b. Ma}', 1877; Reuben A., b. Nov. 7, 1878, d. March 17, 1896; Jessie, b. 1881 ; Walter W., b. Nov. 30, 1888, d. March 2, 1890. CHEEVER, Edson T., son of Geoige Edson and Ann (Cheetham) Cheever, was born May 26, 1856, at St. Anthony's Falls, Minnesota. After the death of his father his mother came to North Attleboro, Mass., in 1S57, where he attended the public schools. When 15 years old he learned the jewelry business and became an expert diamond setter. He is employed by Dutee, Wilcox & Co., Providence, and resides at 113 Cottage street, Pawtucket. In politics he is a Republican and represented the first ward in the Pawtucket city council in 1894, 1895, 1896, and was elected to serve in 1897. He is a member of the New England Order of Protection. Nov. 13, 1879, he was married to Aimice A. Illingworth of Providence. His father was born in Wrentham, Mass., and followed the occupation of a watchmaker. The name of Cheever was probably fir.st brought to New England by that justly celebrated classical teacher. F>,ekiel Cheever, who came to this country in 1637. He died in 1708, aged 94. CHICAQO BEEF CO.— Messrs. G. F. and Iv C. v'^wilt, proprietors of the Chicago Beef Co., commenced business in Pawtucket in 1880, under the management of J. F. Abbott, with a 4q2 ILLUSTRATI'I) HISTORY OF 1' AWTUC K !• T RESIDENCE OF FREDERICK BATES, PAWTUCKET. full line of western dressed l)eef, inuttni), jMirk and provisions. Mr. Abbott managed the busi- ness for ten j-ears, when owing to poor health he was obliged to retire. The rapid increase in business made it necessary to erect a large business block on Baj'ley .street in iSyo. Upon the retirement of Mr. Abbott, R. A. Adams took the management and conductetl the busi- ness until 1895, when H. N. Swift, the present manager took charge. In 1893 the firm added to the business a packing department for the ])urpose of corning beef for export trade, and this department has increased from 50 to 300 barrels a month. The storerooms are situatccl on the main line of N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., and are equipped with all the modern appliances. The weekly output is from 4 to 5 cars of dressed beef, 300 sheep and lambs, 20 hogs, besides large quantities of hams, pork, sausage, bacon, tripe, tongues, lard and the modern cook's shortening "Cotosuet," the last article being the e.xclusive product of this house. The com- jiany employs nine men and utilizes five teams in the deliverv department. COLE, Wheaton, inspector of puljlic build- ings, was born, Sept. 21 ICS38, at Rehohoth, Mass. He attended the public schools at Attle- boro and Rehoboth until he was 16 years old. After leaving school he worked on his father's farm. In 1856 he came to Paw- luckct and learned the trade of a carjienter. He worked as a journeyman for a number of \ears, and in 1S68 he established himself as a contractor and build- cral his present location, 23 Elm street. In 18S7 he was elected a member of the school commit- tee and served three years. In 1 89 1, 1S92, 1893 and 1894 he was elected to the General Assembly fiiim Pawtucket. In 1895 he de- clined a renomination, Init in 1 8y6 he was again a candidate for the Assembly and was elected. While a member of the General .\ssenil)l\- he was chairman of the committee on corporations; a member of the committee on education, and of the committee on special legislation. He was one of the connnissioners of the state armorj- located in Pawtucket. He has been inspector of public buildings in the city of Pawtucket since 1893. Mr. Cole was married U> Ruth \V. Peck, l)y which union there is one child, a daughter. He was married the second time to Mary E. White, of Attleboro, by which union there are two children: Roy Wheaton and George L. He belongs to the .Masonic Order and the Odd Fellows, and is a member of the Pawtucket Business Men's Association. Mr. Cole's ancestors came from Iviigland and located in New England about 1650. His father, Zenas, was born near Attleboro, where he died in i88(). COLLINS, James, son of James and Cath- erine (Feghan) Collins, was liorn in 1820 in County Monaghan, Ireland. He alternately attended school until he was 15 years old and worked on a farm in his native place until he was 24 years old when he came to America and located at Pawtucket a .short time and then went to Prnvideiu'e, where for three years he li\'ed on a farm. He then went as an overseer into .jaft-^m^^ GILBERT CARTY GROCER. WILLIAM S. McCAUGHEV GEORGE H. SPAULDING, PROPRIETOR CENTRAL FALLS ICE CO. 4')4 I LLUSru ATl-;i) HISTORY OF I'AWTU C K l':T. the Butler Insane Hospital, where he remained some eighteen months. I/iter he was employed h\- the Providence and Worcester railroad as fireman, which occupation he followed for three years. In 1S56 he commenced the l)U\ini; and selling of old iron and paper stock, and for a time was a mendjer of the firm of Collins, Kellv ^t Master.son, Provide luc-, wholesale dealers in iron, metals, paper, and general junk stock. l'l)nn retiring from the Providence firm he ile\-oted his time to his Pawtucket enterprise and built up a large and pros])erous busine.ss. He retired from active business pursuits in 1894. and since then has devoted his attention to the care of his properties. He lives at 142 Paw- tucket a\-enue, in the house which he has owned since 1856. In politics he is a Democrat, and was a member of the city council from the fifth ward in 1886. He was one of the organizers of the first temperance .society in Pawtucket. He is a member of St. Mary's Church society and for .seven years its treasurer. In 1850 he was married to Anne Whalen, of Pawtucket, in the " Long House" on North Main street. By this union eleven children were born : Kate, Mary Ann, Rose Ann, Bridget, Mary, John, James, Jr., Bernard, Annie, Maggie, Rose. Mr. Collins's ancestors were born and lived in Ireland where they were jirosperons farmers and cattle raisers. CRANE, Thomas Joseph, was born in Providence, R. I., March 11, i- of the country during which the descendants have not been conspicuous in commerce and legislation , in literature, arts and learning, at the bar and on the bench, in the councils and ministrations of the church, and when their country needed them upon Ihc llchl of battle." N DEX Abbott. Rev. Alexander R., 183 Abbott, Samuel, 53, 56 Abbott Run Manufacturing Co., Abbott Run, 22, 112, 143, 202 Abell, Caleb, 125 Abell, F. A., 210 Academies, 137. 181, t86 Adams, Abraham H., 120 Adams, Enoch, 64 Adams, John Quincy, 54 Adams. Wilham T., 122 Adamson, F.dward, 155 Advertiser, the Boston, iqo Aijiiation, labor, 98, 99, 100 Agriculture, 105 Agricultural life, 134 Alarm Post. 218 Albanv. N. Y., 194 Albion, R. I., 52, 88, 170, 171 Albion Co., 170 Aldermen, 131, 165. 166, 216 Alexander, the Irishman, 51 Alexander, Robert, 157 Alexander, Roger, 129 Alice street, 72 Allen, Crawford, 170 Allen, Rev. Reuben, 180 Allen, Sabin, 218 Allen, William, 125, 130 AUenson, Charles, 222 Almy (i: lirown, 76, 77, 79, no, 139, 161 Almy, Brown & Slater, 80, 81, 84, 9t. 93. 100, 136, 185 Almy, William, 76, 80, 82, 129, 139 Alewives, 51 America, 36, 73. 74, 75, 92 American File Works' 'isi American Hair Cloth Co., 145, 146. 162, 163 American Hair Cloth Padding Co., An 145 157 Amoskeag falls, 8t Amusements, places of, 216 Anchor forges, 57, 58 ; shops, 64, 68, 106, 107, 108, 140, 147 Anderson. Rev. G. W.. 182 Andrew, James E., 157 Andrew, James H., 157 Ann and Hope Mills, Lonsdale, 16, 171 Annawamscoate, 43 Annexations, i6g, 172 Angell, Hope, 128 Angell, James, 128 Angel!, Rufus. 127 Angell, Thomas, 24 Anthony, Adams, 72 Anthony, Daniel, 86 Anthony, Richard, 87 Arkwright machinery, 76, 77 Arkwright, Sir Richard, 73, 74 Arlington street, 137 Armington, Bowers, 129 Armington, Daniel, 218 Armington, Josiah, 67, 176 Armington house, 67, 68 Arlin, John P , 218 Armories, local, 218, 220 ; the stale, Arnold, Ann, 78 Arnold, Asa, 89 Arnold, Benjamin, 53, 68, 108, 119, hou ; chimney Arnold, D. R., 141 Arnold. Eunice, 78 Arnold, Jeremiah O., 147, 218 Arnold. John A., 199 Arnold, Jonathan, 128 Arnold, Joseph, 147, 218 Arnold, Lemuel H., 161, 162 Arnold, Gen. OIney, 143, 144, M5' Arnold, Samuel, 198 Arnold, Simon H., 120 Arnold, Thomas, 53, 58, 69, 120, 129, 139, 198 Arnold, Torpen, 78 Arnold, William, 26 Artillery, 220, 222 Arwin, Wilham, 48 Articles manufactured and indus- tries carried on in Pawtucket, 158. 159 Association, benefits of, 100, 102 Associations, 217, 223, 224, 227 Ashton, R. L, 196, 204 Assessors, tax, 216 Atherton, A. T., machine shop, 64 Attleboro, Mass., 31, 46, 56, 57, 120, 122, 148, 153, 154. 169, 180 Attleboro Universalist Society, 162 Atwood, Abner, 169 Atwood. Crawford Co., the, 169 Auditor, city, 166 Authier, Joseph M., 198 Babbitt, Albert F., 224 Bacheller, Rev. Tappcn H., 180 Bacon Bros , 150 Bagley house, 66, 72 Bagley, Joseph, 72 Bagley, Mother. 69 Bagley pine woods, 67 Bagley street. 64. 143 Bagley, William, 66, 129 Bagley, William, Jr.. 129, 176 Baker, Charles P., 224 Baker, Jethro, 224 Baker, Joseph, 218 Baker, Moses, 176 Ballard. Esther, 40 Ballard, William, 40 Ballon, David. 66 Baltou. Ealles, 54 Ballon homestead. 67, 118 Ballon, Rev. Hosea. 67, 182 Ballou, Rev. Matnrin, 67 Ballon, Peter, 54 Ballou Post, 224, 227 Bang-all, 94 Banigan Memorial Chapel, 210 Banigan Joseph. 224 Banks, 137, 198, 199, 200 Bank building, 136, igg Bannon, Matthew J., 131 Bant, William, 54 Banvard, Rev. Joseph, D.D., 178 Baptists, 66. 67, 171, 1741 ^76, 181, 183 ; the first church, 63, 69, 70, 128, 176, 178, 179 ; other local churches. 171, 179, 180, 226, 227: history of the, 61, 178 Baptist hill, 70; lane, 66, 178 Baptist Quarterly Meeting, the R. 1. Free Will, 180 Barber, Allen U., 165 Barber, John V\'., 224 Barker, F. Eugene, 56 Barker, Frederick A., 131, 200 Barker, Henry, 187 Barnefield, Thomas P., 195, 200 Barney, Rev. Mr, 56 Barnard, Henry, 184 Barrington, R. L, 29,30, 31 Barrows, Ezra, 176 Barrows, Henry F., 199 Barrows house, 6j Barrows, Nehemiah, 129 Barrows, Otis, 78 Barry, Rev. J. S., 183 Bates, Frank May. 131, 200 Battery hall, 220 Battery, light. 220 Battey, Rev. Stephen, 180 Battle Axe. 188 Baxter, Freeman, 144 Bazar of all Nations. 228 Beaver Falls, Pa., 151 Beers, Robert, brickmaker killed by Indians, 51, 52 Belling, leather, 152, 168 Bcllew, Robert, 152 Belper, Derbyshire, England, birth- place of Slater, 74, 75 Benchly, Samuel, 176 Benedict & Wood, 162 Benedict, Rev. Dr. David, 34, 60, 61 ; on social conditions, 94 ; sal- ary, 100; house, 137; work and career, 178 ; postmaster, 225, 226 Benedict, Elias, 218 Benedict house, 67, 197 Be 'ill, edict, Steplien, 162, 225 Benedict, Stephen Gano. 200 Benedict, Uriah. 162 Beneficial societies, 217 Bennett, Job, 218 Bensley, place, 68 Bensley, Samuel, 129 Benson. George, 176 Berkeley, R. I , 196, 204 Bethany Free Baptist mission, 180 Bicknell. Peter, 176 Billings, Dr., 84 Binford, E. S.. 210 Binford, F. S-, 224 Black, Charles O., 192 Black, David O., 192 Black, David 0., Jr., 102 Black, William H , 192 Blackington building, 64 Black John's house. 68 Blacksmith shops, 108, 156, 160, 161 Black Prince, 62 Blackstone avenue, 227 Blackstone canal, in, 141 Blackstone, John, 16 Blackstone river, 13, 14, 15 ; in prc- glacial times, 16, 141 ; 17, 23, 31. ~ 63; flood of 1807, 107; 112, 115, 141, 148, 152, 153, 160, 163, 164, 166, 168, 202, 203, 206, 208, 223 Blackstone valley, 17 ; villages in, 122 ; pre-glacial, 141 ; 164, i8r, 192. 196, 19S Blackstone, Rev. William, career, 15 ; death, burial place and mon- ument, 16, 31, 44, 171 Blain, Rev. John, 178 Blake. Kliphalet, 56, 118 Blake. Rev. John L., i8i Bleachcries, primitive, 69, 136, 151, 152. i53i ^54' 172 Bleaching, 152, 153, 154, 159; mead- Bliss, R., Manufacturing Co., 157 Bliss. Rufus, 157 Bliss & Carpenter. 156 Bliss, Potter Ar Co., 56, 68 Blodgett, Edward G., 143 Blodgett, Rev. Constaniine. 180 Blodgett & Orswell, 143, 153 Block printing, 154 Boat building, 57 Boat club house, the Pawtucket, Bodies, disinterring of, 211, 212 Bolts, 147, 148. 158 Boms, Joseph, 148 Booth, John, 224 Boston "iS: Montana Mining Co., 167 Boston & Providence railroad, 140, Boston, Mass., 15, i6, 23, 24, 43, 44, 54, 57, 80, 98, 117, 119, 120, 143, 167, 174, 190 Boston turnpike, 62 Boundary disputes, 184 Bowen, Benjamin, 130 Bowen, B. Frank, 224 Bowen, Clovis H., I48, 150 iiowen, Jabcz, 47 Bowers, street, 57, 62 Bowers, Mollie, 62 Bowers, Sylvester, 57, 62, 120 Bowers, Sylvester, Jr., 176 Bowes. William, 53, 54 Boyd. Rev. David, 180 Bradford, John, 57 Bradford, Rev. S. S., 178 Bradley, Rev. Joseph, 178 Braid, manufacture of, 113, 144, 146, 152, 158 Braid, John B , 84. 181 Branch river, 163, 164 Bray. Allen F., 200 Brayton, Bautsion, 105 Brett, Kingman, 220 Brick, importation of, 122 Brickmaking in Rehoboth, 51 Brick schoolhouse, 181, 186 Bridge, the first, 10, 13, 44, 60^ 63, I02, 105, 107, 108, 115, 118, 119, 122. 131 ; repaired and rebuilt at various times. 45. 46. 47. 131. V32. 133; how maintained, function and influence, 133; 136, 140, 141, 144, 150, 152, 161, 168, 216; other bridges. 133, 160, 162, 163 Bridge mill. 53, 84, 113, 139 Bridge .Mill Manufacturing Co., 139 Bridge Mill Paper Co.. 113 Bridge Mill Power Co., 114, 115 Bridgham. Samuel W , 198 Brierly, John, 130 Briggs. Hiram A., 199 British efforts to keep the Ameri- can people in industrial depend- ence bclore and after the rcvoiu- British troops, 54 British manufactures, 73, 74 Bristol county, 46 Broad street, 56, 63, 64, 66, 67, 118, 119, 137, 146, 151, 158, 160, 166, 170, 179, 184, 214, 316, 217, 229, 230 Broadway. 54, 56. 60, 6z, 63, 119, 136, 179, 182, 2i6, 227 Broadway Christian church, 183 Broadway Evangelical church, 183 Brooks, Rev. Hiram, 180 lirook street, 208, 210, 216 Brown, Albert, 205 Brown, son-in-law of first settler. 40 Brown & Ives, 88, 171 Brown brothers, 88 Brown, Enoch, 132 Brown. Elisha, 47, 126 Brown. George G., 218 Brown. James, 88, 130, 131, 140, 146, 147 Brown .James S., 67, 88, 89, 137, 146, 147 Brown, John, 29, 30, 43. 123, 176 Brown. Moses, 48, 51 ; his attempts to promote cotton spinning, 76 ; character and enterprise, 88 ; 80, 82, 86, 104, 105, 12^, 139 Brown, Nathaniel '1 ., 224 Brown, Nathan A., 218 Brown. Nicholas, 123, 176 Brown, Obadiah, 30, 80, 129 Brown, Pe.eg. 67 Brown, Richard, 119 Brown, Sarah, 130 Brown. Smith, 76 Brown, Stephen, 128, 2i8 Brown, Rev. S., 182, Brown. Sylvanus, 67, 68, 77, 78, 86, 88, 89, 129. 146, 160 Brown t'niversity, 125, 175. 178, 185 Brush manufacture, 154, 158 Buckland, Joseph, Jr., 44 Bucklev, James C, 196 Buckley, Michael, 151 Bucklin's brook, 44, 58, 62, 84 Bucklin family, 53, 56, 57, 62, 84, H3 ; farm, 63 ; grist mill, 53, 60 Bucklin & Trescott, 152 Bucklin, Barack, 62, 63 Bucklin, Charles R., 205 Bucklin, David, 61, 125 Bucklin, Ebenczer, 63 Bucklin, Elijah, u Bucklin. Elisha W., 131 Bucklin, George, a 18 Bucklin, James, 44. 53 502 INDEX lUii-klin, lohn, 5^, 61, 63, 81, 176 lluckUn, losiph, 130 Hucklin, Nancv, f>i, 84 Huikliii, Nathaniel, 58 Hiicklin, Nflu-miah, 62, 63 limklin, Oliver, 62. 63, 176 lUicklin, Ruth, 81 liuiklin, Sti-ijhcn R., 218 Huflington mill, 140 Huildinj,:s, qo, 156, 216 ; carried away by flood o( 1807, 108 Bull, Blackslonc s white, 16 Bullcn. Rev. George, 178 Hull Run, 220 BunK-to\rn, 94 Burgess, Thomas, 198 Burges, Tristam, 125 Burnham, Charles C, 131, 200 Burial grounds, 2oq, aio, 211, 212 Burlingame, Maxey W., 180 BurrillVillc, R. I , 163 Busbee, Jesse, 176 Bushce house, 68 Business Men's Association, the Pawtuckel, 217 Butler, Rev. James D., 182 Butterfly factory, 172 Butters, Henry, 165 Butterworth, Charles F., 147 Button & Blake, 224 Btitton, L. Hi Co,, 224 Business blocks, 136, 216 Business directory, 1S8 Business failures, 138 Cabot, John and Sebastian, 15 Cady, Rev. H. B , 182 Caledonia Springs, 88 Calico printing, 140, 158, 159 Calvary Baptist society, 227 Cambridge, Eng , 23, 29 Campbell, Rev. John H., 183 Campbell place, 70 Canada west, 88, 142 Canadians, French, 198 Canal dug for iish to pass around the falls, 104 Canonicus, 20, 25, 27 Cape Cod, 22 Capital, concentration of, g8 Capital street, 225 Captains of police, 215 Capron, (ieorge O , 122 Capron, Jtinathan S., 224 Cardboard inanutacture, 155, 158 Carding in houses, qi Carding machines, 77, 78 Carey, Barnabus, 129 Carlile * Brown, 188 Carpenter, Albert, 218 Carpenter, Ansel, 215 Carpenter, Edmund James, 196 Carpenter, Everett P., 199 Carpenter, Ezekiel, clothier shop of, 64, 76, 77, 80, 104, 108, 160, 176 Carpenter, Daniel, 129 Carpenter, Oeorge A., 208 Carpenter house, 66 Carpenter, Judge George M., 196 Carpenter, O . 176 Carpenter & Willmarth, 156 Carpenter, J. M., Tap & Die Co. 141 Carpenter, William, 26 Carriage making, 54, 156, 158 Carrtagesof the manufacturers, 100 Carroll, Hugh J., 131 Cars, electric, 172, 214 Carter park, 209 Catholic oak, 170, 171 Catholic Baptist society, 176, 178, "79 Catholics, 210 Catholic churches, 183, 184, 186; schools, 186 Caulfield, H. R., 167, 168 Cavalry, 222 Cemeteries, i8q, 191, 209, 210, 211, Centenary of cotton spinning, go, Central avenue, 62, 133, 180, 183 Central avenue bridge, 152 Central bridge, 123 Central Falls, 10, 14, 19, 23, 28, 42, 60, 72, 112, 113, 122, 130, 133, 142, 144, 145, 14.6,, 147. 148, 150, fS'i 152, 155 : origin of, 160 ; develop- ment of industries, 161 ; named, 162; part of Smilhiield and Lin- coln, 163 : becomes a city, 164, 165, 166; X67, 168, 169, 171, 172, 178, 182, 183, 184, 192, 196, 198, 204, 209, 210, 211, 217, 222, 224, Central Falls Baptist church, 179 Central Falls Congregational church, 180 Central Falls Veteran Fireman s Association, 224 Central Falls woolen mill, 145 Central street, 155, 179, 182 Centre street, 179 Chace, Arnold B,, 171 Chacc, Mrs. Elizabeth B., 171 Chace, Harvey, 112, 170. 171 Chace, James H., 112, 171 Chace, Jonathan, 171 Chace, Oliver. 170 Chace, Samuel B., 170, 171 Chaise, Oliver Starkweather's, 100 Channel Pawtiicket river, 114, 120, 123. 124 Chapel street, 183 Charitable institutions, 224, 225 Charles I,, j; Charles 11.; ).. Charleston, S. C, 54 Charlestown, Mass., 15 Charles street, 161 Chemists and chemicals, 1S3, 154, ■,s8 Chemical fire engines, 130 C'hickering, Charles E., 201, 22s Chief engineers fire department, I, so, 223 Chiefs of police, 131, 215 Children in factories, 78. 98, 185, 186 Chocolate, 60; mill, 161 Christ church, 182 Chronicle, Pawtucket, 181, 189, 190, iqi, 212 ; the Evening, igi Church and state in Rehoboth, 30, 173. 174 Churches, 103, 137, 171-185, 198, 210, 226, 227, 230 Church, Charles, 46 Church hill, 64, 216, 218 Chiiri b hill common, 208 Cbiirih of the .iVdvent, 183 Chiircli of the C.ood Shepherd, 182 Church of Our Father, 183 Church, Rev. Samuel U., 180 Church street, 155, 181 Cigar manufacturing, 155, 158 Circuit Court, United States, log. Citizens, character of, 201 City Brass Foundry, 157 City Clerk, 166, 216 City Coal Co., 122, 124 City Council, 214, 216, 227 City farm, 216 City Hall, Pawtucket, 70, 216 ; Cen- tral Falls, 167 City government, Pawtucket, adopted, 130 ; the first officers, the charter, 131, 215; Central Falls, 164, 165, 166 Clapp, BelaP., 157 Clay street, i,s2 Clark, Daniel, 127, 137 Clark, Rev. Edward L., 180 Clarkson, Edwin. 224 Clergymen, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183 Clerks, city, 126, 131, 166, 216; town, 125, 126, 128, Clinton street, 182 Cloth, cotton, 138, 140, 144, 153, 158,161,162,170; homespun, 62; worsted, 145 Clothier shops, 58, 64, 90, 91, 108, 160 Clubs, 137, 217, 218, 224 Coal, 121, 122; barges, 124: pock- ets, 122, 124 " Coal yard," the original home of industry in Pawtucket, 63, 107, '40, 213 Coates, Rev. Adclbert, 178 Co.its, I. A P.. limited, 142 Cohen,'Adolph, 200 Cohoes, N. v., 87 Cole block, 66 Cole Brothers, 157 Coleman, Michael, 197 Cole, Mother. 69 Cole, Robert, 26 Collins, Fannie, 187 Collins, Henry, 150 Collins, James, 131 Collins, Joseph W., 150 Collins, William W., 150 CoUyer, Nathaniel, 147, 148 Collyer, Samuel S., 130, 148, 201, 202, 203, 2og, 222. 223 Collyer Insulated Wire Co., 150 Colonial times, 131, 184 Colonies, United. 30 Colony, the old, 173 Colquhoun, David, i6s Columbia hall, 70, 128 Commerce at Providence, 50, 117; at Pawtucket, 120, 122 reel, 67 Coillin.in, ( iiui, li Hill. 208 ConiMiiiniu , cl. V. L.pment of, 12,96 Comp.,MKi., Mlliury, 218, 220, 222 C-to construct a channel for passage of, 47 ; in river. 104, 105 Fishing Rock, 64, 107, 114 Fish, Myron, 165 Fisk, Stephen P., 56.61 Fisk, Stephen F., 186 Flags, Lysander, 222 Flax mill, 144 Fletcher row, 64 Fletcher, Charles, 140 Hood of 1807, 107, 108, 132, 140 Flour, manufacture, 53 ; mills, 58, 69, 139 Flume, the great, no; power-house, Foilett, F. F. & Son. 155 Fontaine, Hennenegilde, 165 Footpaths, 117. 118, 211 Forces, social, g Foreigners, 103 Forests within the present Paw- tucket limits, 57, 63 Forges, 58. 63, 73, 89, 107, 135 ; the old Jenks, 64, 108, 117, 140 Forge lot, 89 Hil . John, ^8. 127 Foster, R. L, 163 Foster. Rev. Theodore E., 182 Fountains, 129, 158, 166, 201 Fountain street, 209, 223. 227 Fowler. Samuel M., 188, 190, 2 Fox Hill, 27 I , ^ : ^s Bank. 200 I M I W lil l;,(|itist churches, 179, iSo ; old meeting house, 183, 224 F'reedom, religious, 175 Free hall, 128 Freeman Edward L., 155, 198, 199, 222, 225, 227 Freeman, Joseph W.. 155 Freeman, William C, 155 Freemasons, 70, 217 Free schools, 184 Freight, cost of, 123 ; station, 141 ; facilities, 142 French Canadians, 184, 198 French, Charles H., 200 French. Daniel, 86 French, John. Jr., 130 French. Gtis, house, 62 French troops, 67 French. Warren A., residence of, 61 Friends, Society of, 80, 88, 100, 119, 172 ; meeting-houses, 175, 176 ; school, 8g Frieze, Jacob, 98 Front street, 119, 152 Frost, Rev. Charles S., 180 Frost, Edward E., iq6 Frost, Francis J., 224 Fruit Hill hotel, 128 Fry, Sterry, 120 Fuller, Charles H., 152 Fuller, George E., 152, 202 Fuller, Jonathan, 129 Fuller, Rev. S. R., 182 Fulling mills, 58, 64, 91. 106, 108, 160. 161 Fulton, Robert. 86 Furnaces, the Wilkinsons', 147 Fustian, 77 Future the. 230; industrial, 150 Furniture, household, 129 Gage, General, 54 Gage, Remember I., 129 Gale, September, 150 Gambrel- roof houses, 60, 61, 67 Gano, Rev. Stephen, 178 C;ano. Margarett Hubbell, 178 Garden street, 183 Garden street grammar school, 227 C.ardncr, John, 138 (Gardner, Dr. Johnson, 66. 225 Gaspee, burning of the, planned in the Sabin house, 57 Gates, George C, 224 (iay, Ira, 89, 146 Gazette, I he Pawtucket, 189 (tazctie and Chronicle, 178, i8g, rgo, 191, 197 General Assembly, the Rhode Island, 16, 38, 47, 48, 49, 52, 104, lOS, II4. 123. 12Q, 132, 164. 165, 172, 176, 179, 184, 186, 200, 208» eral Court, Ma . 54. 125 Geneva, N. V.. 189 Geological formation of country- side in early times, 16, 17 (ieorge street, 210 Georgia, 86 G- Gill, Isaac, 131 (Jilmour, William, 87 Gingham, ,00 Glazed yarn. 143. 146; capers. 158 Glocesler. R. L, 163 (joddard Brothers, 171 Goff. Darius, 113, 144; homestead, . 53. i39i M4 i L., 113, 146, 199, 228 Goff. Lyman B., 112, 113, 137, 144, 199, 217, 222 ; residence of, 61 Gol^worthy, John E., 155 Gonsalves, Rev. Manuel J., 180 Goodrich, Rev. Massena, 133, 183 Gooding, Charles T.. 224 Goodwin, .Mmon K., 131, 225, 226 tJordon, John, , lames E., 2 , ?eler, 165 G. Gorton, George W., 214 (Josiing, George. 224 Gospel, preaching the, 174 Ciossip, neighborhood, 117 (;ottschalk, William von. 165 Government, city of Pawtucket, 131 ; city of Central Falls, 165, 166 Grace street, 184, 210 Gracey, Rev, S. L., 182 Grade crossings, 214 Graham, John, 196 Grammar schools, 227 Grand army posts, 2^4 Grant, Smith, 122, 124 Gravestones, manufacture of, 58; Graveyard, old Jenks, 210, 211, 212 Gray, Daniel, 224 Greater Pawtucket, 172 Great Falls, Mont., 167 Great Plain, 44, 45 Great Rock as a landmark, 39 Great Swamp, 39 ; its location, 40, Greene & Daniels, 162; Manu- facturing Co., 14-2, 169 Greene building, 227; family, 107, 113 ; nulls, 113, 140 Greene, Benjamin F., 161, 169 tJrecnc, Caleb, 129 Greene, Edward A., 169, 199, 200 Greene, Elder Daniel, 180 Greene. John, 26 Greene, Joseph T.. 130 Greene, Joseph & Son, 138 Greene, Paul, n: C-reene, Richard W., 109 Green, Samuel, 68. 218 Green street, 53, 155, 183 Green, Thomas, 154 (.'.reene, Timothy, 38, 53, 80, 86, loo, 107, 119, 129, 1^6, 179, 180, 198, 209, 225 ; bark mill, 107. io8 ; mansion, 68 ; meadow, 39, 68 ; & Sons. 83 Greenhaigh, George T., 195 Greenslitt. Frank E. 197 Grist mills, the first, 11, 44, 64 ; 50, ro, 70. 84, S9, 105, 108, 140 C.rist mill estate, in. (Iriswuld. Bishop, i8i :ery t ,64 504 INDEX, Gymnasium apparatus, 148, 158 Hacking, James, 210 Haircloth, 140, 158; invention o( loom, 144 Haley & Harrison, 153 Halls, 70, 128. 167, 181, 220, 2io: city, ai6 ; town, 224 Halliday, F. F., 142 Hall, Levi, 161 Hall, Simmons L., 84 Hamilton, Rev. F. W., 183 Hamlets, the firsl at Pawtucket Falls, 10 Hammond's Pond. 62 Hand lire engines, 157, 223 Handlooni weavers, 77, 100 Happy Hollow, 170; pond, 202, 203, 204 Harbor, 124 ; Ime, 114 Hard-scrabble, 94 HarKreaves, JaJnes, 73 H.arris, Gcorsje, 2r8 Harris, Joseph. 198 Harris. S. li., 170 H.arris. \V. i: S. B., 138 Harris, William. 24, 26, 170 Harrison, .-Mfred, 153 Harrison, General, 54 Harrison, Richard, 153 Harrison Yarn & Dyeing Co., 152 Hartford, Conn., 15, So Harwood, John C, 188, 189 Haskell C;n., William H., 67, 147, n)9, 200, 202 HastiiiKs, W. Ciranville, 228 Havens, W. D. S., 199 Hawkins. Mrs. Deborah, 127 Hawkins, F.sek, 128 Hawkins. Isjiiah. 126 Hawkms, Joseph, 128 Hawkins, Luther, 176 Hayairt, 223, 224 Hazell, John, 43 ; his death, 44 Headstones, 211 Health, 205 Healey. Samuel, 66, 176 Hedge lane, 67 Herald, 188 Hewitt, Osc.tr A., 195 Hicks. N. P., 113, 15s Higginson, Mother, 69 High school, 166. 183, 186, 226 : the High street, 66, 70, 118, 127, 136, 137, 160, 181, 1S2, 196. 211, 213, 214, 215, 220, 225, 226 High street Baptist society, 226 High street grammar school. 227 Highways, only cartpaths at first. 50. 57 I 58, 62, 117, n8, 119, 120, 121. 132, 160, 162, 164, 176, 213 Hill, Cromwell, 67,108, 129 Hill, labez, 66 Hill, Thomas J., 67, 218 Hills, George W,, 125 Hingham, Mass., 29 Historical sketch ol Pawtucket, 183 Hitchcock. Luke, 108 Hog pen point, 52 Holden, Rev. C. W., 182 Holden reservoir, rii Holliman, Fzekiel, 26, 33, 42 Holt, Rev. E. D., 182 Holy Trinity church, 184 Holmes & Payne, 151 Holmes, Obadiah, 43; persecution, Holmes, WiUmm, 181 Home Bleach and Dye Works, 153, 169 Home for the aged poor, 224 Homespun, 62 Home Light Guard, 220 Hope Thread Co., im Hopkins, Rev. Asa T., no Hopkins, James, 66, 129 Hopkins, Jesse, 68, 129 Hopkins, L. F., the schooner, 124 Hopkms, Stephen, 20. 105, 119, 121 Hopkins, Comntodore Esek, 49 Horan, Thomas L., 194 Horse cars, 120 Horse hair, 1.^5 Horseshoe nails, 158 Horton, Frederick A., 143 Horton, Oren S., 131 Hosiery, 158 Hotel, the Pawtucket, 66, 127, 128, 136 Houghton, Rev. Edward L., 183 Hours of labor in factories, 94, 96, 98 Household mdustries, 11 Houses, old, 41, 42, 44, 60, 72, 136; 137, '69, 170 Hope furnace, 86 Hope Webbing Co., 141, 145 Howe, Hezekiah, j8i Hovey. P., 89 Howard & Bullough American Ma- chine Co. (Limited). 148, 169 Howe, Hezekiah, 137 Hoxey, Reynolds, 218 Hughes, Dr.. 70 Humphrey, Dr., 64, 225 Humphrey, Hosea, 129 Hunt, Capt. Enoch; 50 Hunting, 104 Ilutchins, Rev. H. B., 179 Hyatt, Rev. Isaac, i8o Hyde, Rev. Charles, 180 Hvdrants. 129, 130, 158 Ilfinois street, 156 Illit.r.i. y in Rhode Island, 184, 185 , 1,03 liiip..rl.itionofn ufactured goods, 74 Indians ; population, 19 ; sports and fishing, 20; manufacturesand d<)- mestic life, houses, tools, cloth- ing, 21 ; decadence, 22 ; 31, 38, 51 ; trails, 46, 117, 118 ; occupiers, 163 ; treatment of by Providence colo- Indian deeds, the first, 14, 18, 25, 25 ; confirmation, 27 India Pomt. 141 Industries in Pawtucket: speciali- ginning ol century, 58. 60; va- ried. 103, 134, 135, 140, 157, 158. 159, 160, 161 ; expansion of, 136 ; iof Industrial centres, 160 l,,;ail, 40 , Albert A., 199, : Albert C, aiS . Alvin F., 166 . Andrew. 169 . Arnold. 129 , IJcnjamin, 160, Jenks, fenks, ilenks, Jenks, Jenks, Jenks, Jenks, Jenks, Jenks burying ground, the old. Icnks. "fenks. lenks. lenks. Jenks. Te-nks t Jenks. h.nis. Jenks, , William, 139, 198 ;v. Ebenezer, 40 ; his ; 53* 62* 67. 70, 90, 173 a/er, 66, 8g, 90, 129, 136, Jenks. I'lli/abeth, 40 jenks. Kphraim. 170. 176 Jenks. Ksek. 129. 176 Jenks family. 10. 37. 40, 46. 53, 89, 104, 107. 108, 113, 135, 157. 160. Tenks, Frank, 195. ig6 Jenks. Freelove, 67 Jenks. George, 66, 129, 176 Jenks. (;t;orge F.. 161. 162, 218 Jenks, Gideon. 68. 160 Jenks. Henry F,. 157. 220. 227 Tenks. Jrliabod. 160 Jenks. labez, 64. 78. 89. loS, 140 Jenks. l.unesL.. 200. 217 lenks. [aralhmeel. 66. 68, 108. 129. 176. 178 Jenks. Joanna. 40 Jenks. Dr. John. 70. 78 Jenks. Jonathan. 50. 218 Jenks. Joseph. Jr.. 10. 39, 42. 44. 52, 104. 115, 117, 170; settles at Paw- tucket Falls. 32. 37 ; imprisoned at Lynn lor treason. 31. 32 ; first mention of in Providence town r--' D.. 185 Jones, schoolhouse, 66, loi, 185, i86 Jordan. Rev. J. B., 180 Journalism and journalists. 188. 199 Journal, the Providence, 195, 196. 197 Judge of probate, 166 Jumping into the river. 101 Keene, Charles. 160, 161 Kelby, Alexander. 102 Kelly, D. A., 156 Kelly. George F. vs. city of Provi- dence, 123 Kendall street, 166. 167 Kennedy, John. 133, 161. 162. 218 Kennedy, Hugh, 53, 60, 62. 84 Kennedy. Prince, 62 Kent's Mills. 57. 84 Kent, Remember. 84, 125 Kent. Willmington, 84 Kenyon, Drown & Co., 156 Kenyon, John J., 142. 146 Kenyon. Whitaker & Smith, 156 Keyes. Rev. J.. 183 King. Abner, 128 King Philip's war, 16. 22, 31, 38 Kingsley, Rev. A. W.. 182 Kingsley. Benjamin. 176 Kingsley, Luther, 132 Kingsley, Martin, 218 Kingsley. Shepard C. 218 Kinnicutt, Shubael. t8g. 190 Knight. Charles L.. 199 Knights of Labor. 98 Knowles & Anthony, 191 Labor agitation. g8. 99, 100 Labor newspaper. 99 Labor unions. 224 Ladd. Loren G.. 208 Ladies Memorial Association, 228 Lafayette. General, 56, 218 Lamps, street, 214 Landing, the. 57, 58 ; the town, 119. 120. 121, 122. 206 Land, appropriation of by whites, 22 ; foundation of tities to in Paw- tucket. 28 ; tax on, 129 Larned ; , Rev. Ma 143 182 Lawrence. Mass., 136 Law suits about water rights, 108. 135 Lawton. George. 218 Laihe. the slide. inv< David VVilkm.son, 8( Leader, Richard, 36 Leather manufacture. 161. Lebanon. 62, 84; mill, 153: Mill Co., 146 Lcc& Upham. i8g Lee block, the Thomas, 66 Lee, Charles A., 189, 191 Lee, Hugh J.. 196 Lee, Royal. 128 LeFavour block, 66, n8. 127. 136. 225; mill. 86, no LeFavour, Thomas, no, 138. 218. 225. 226 Leggin. Charles, 61 Legislation, school, 184 Lennon, Bernard T., 194 Leonard. Charles A.. 225, 226 Letters, free delivery of, 226 L'Flsperance. 198 Lewin. Fisk & Kenyon, 156 Lewin, Kenyon & Co.. 156 Lewin. Nathaniel. 156 Lewisohn Bros., 167. 168 Liberty, soul. 173. 174. 175 Library, the Pawtucket Iree Pub- lic, 186, 187 Licenses. 131, 166 Lighting of streets. 130, 164, 214, 215 Lincoln. R. L, ig, 28. 72. 163, 164, 165. 171, 196, 202. 204, 227 Lincotype machines. 195 Lindsey tavern. 118 Lindsley, Isaac C. 144 Linen yarn, 91 Lin.seed oil mill. 53, 60 Linton Bros. & Co.. 155 INDEX. 505 Littlefield. Alfred H., 139, 141, 144, Littlefield block, 136 Littlefield Bros., ijq Littlefield. Daniel C>., 144. 146 Littlefield. Eben N.. 61. 140 Littlefield, George L., 139. 144 Litilclield Manufacfjring Ct)., 53. no. 112. 139, 140 Little river. 107. 108 Little Sisters of the Poor, 224 Loial centres. 160 ; tendencies, 188 Lodges. 217 Log bridge. 70 Long house. 136 Lonsdale. 16. 17. 160. 170, 171, 172, 162. iq6. 204, 217 Lonsdale avenue. 39, 42, 70. 72, 118, 160, 166. 17Q, 210 Lonsdale Baptist church, 179 Lonsdale Co.. 182 Looms, hand, in private houses, 77 ; power. 87. 134. 135. 1361 i55< ^58 Loquasqusclt. 18. 28 Lonng. Mr.. 180 Congregat ional church, 181 Lorraine Manufacturing Co.. 146, Lotteries, to construct channel for fish around Pawtucket falls, and build bridge over river, 47, 105 Lothrop, Joshua, 224 Louisiana. 86 Lowden. John T., 218 Lowell. Mass.. 136. 189 Lull. Henry F.. 157 Lull. Proctor C. 131, 157 Lumber. 120. 121. 122. 123 Lumber street. 67.68. iiq, 121, 213 ichu Luther. Charles F.. 224 Lyman. Judge, 87 Lymansville, 87 Lynn. Mass.. 32. 36. 37, 50 Lynn Iron Works, 32, 37 Lyon house, 62 Lvon, Rev. James H., 181. 210 Lyon. John, 51 Lythgoe, John C. 222 Machine shops, go. 106, 146, 147. 162 ; tools and bolts, 158 Machinery, invention of modern. 11; building of the first cotton spinning. 12. 86. 90, 134. 136, 146 ; export of prohibited from Great Britain. 73 ; cotton. 80, 81, 162, 169; 138, 147. m8. 151. 159; spec- ial. 156. 159 Machinery hall, 194 Machinists, pioneer. 81 ; tools. 158 Main street, 38, 39. 44. 53n 54. 60 61. 63. 64, 66, 67. 69. 70. 87, 88 108, 115. 118, 119. 127, 136. 137 140. 145, 146, 147, 152, 156, 157 182. 185. 186, i38. 192. 194, 196 198, iqg. 201. 208, 209. 211, 213 216, 218, 224. 225, 226. 230 ; square 195. 197 Mairis, water. 204 Manchester block. 69. 140. 226 MancheslLT. Charles F., in Manchester. Charles N., 222 ManchestL-r. N. H.. 81, 136 Manchester. Niles. no. 139 Manners, simple. 100 Mann. Dr. A. A.. 200. 222. Mansfield. Mass., 31, 78 jNIansion houses. 136, 137, 216. 217 Manufacturers, pioneers, 74, 81 ; as storekeepers, 92, 93 ; 96, 98, 138, 154, 216 Manufacturers' bank. 198 Manufactures, development of, 74; growth of locally, 134-163 Manufacturing prohibited in colo- nies at behest of British manu- facturers, 73 ; rising importance of, 105 Manville. R. L. 5^. i?" Maple street. 199 Marchant. Henry. 143. ^7^ Market for yarn. 80 ^L*^lboro hotel. gS Marsh, Amariah. 129 Martin. Constant. 67, 118, 129, 162 Martin, Freelovc, 50 Martin tavern, 67 Martin. William J., 165 Martinsburg, N. C, 86 Maryland. 86. Mashapaugc, Indian town of, 25 Massachusetts, 15. 20, 26, 31, 45, 46, 47. 52, 54, 60, 83. 86, 98. 102, 103. 117. 125, 126. 128. 174. 180, 192. 197. 220 ; Bay Colony. 23. 29; legislature. 36. 198, 200 Massasoit, 20. 24. 29, 31. 43; pur- chase of land trom. near Paw- tucket. i3. 28 ; quit claim deed of. signed by King Philip. 30 Masonic Hall. 227 ; temple. 216 Mason & Crane. 122 Mason, Edith H.. 187 Mason, Edward S,. 200 Masons, free. 217 Mason, Frederick R., 152 Mason house. 67 Mason, James, 129, 176. Mason, Pardon, 220 Mason, Robert D.. 141. 152. 203. Mason street. 156 Maynard street. 44. 137 Mayors. 131. 165. 166, 214, 215 McCabe, Bernard. 156 McCaffrey, Dennis F.. 226 McCartney. J. Currey, 165 McCaughey. Bernard, 69, 120, 214 McCloy. Robert. 220 RIcComiskey, Daniel. 210 McDuff, Henry C. 131. 142 McGowan, Michael, 224 McGregor, Rev. Alexander, 180 McGregor. William. 222 McKenna, Frank. 157, 158 McManus. Peter B.. 153 McNulty, James E.. 224 Meacham, Randall. 188, 189. 190 Meadows. 208 ; and fields at Paw- tucket, 39 ; Timothy Greene's, 68 Meadow Hollow, 70 Mechanics, 90, 98, 103, 224, 230; pioneers. 53, 140, 146, 147 Medway. Mass.. 122 Meggett, Hon. Alexander. 102, 128 Mendon. Mass.. 46 ; road. 118 Meeting houses. 175, 176. 178, 224 Meeting street. 63, 66, 178 Meetings, town. 125-128 Memorial Congregational church, Saylesville, 181 Memorial park. 208 Mercantile Reporter, 188 Merchants, 98. 120, 121, 171 Mergenthaler lineotype machines. Merrimac river, 8i Merry. Barney, 136, 137, 152. 209 Merry homestead. 152 Merry, Samuel, 152 Messenger, Eli, 64 Messer. Rev. Dr. Asa. 178 Metcalf. Arthur H., 200 Metcalf. Henry B.. 145. 200. 201 Methodist churches. 6g, 182 Miantonomi. 18, 25, 27 Midnight Cry. 188 Miles. Rev. John, 174 Milford, Eng., 7.J, 75 Military companies, 218, 220, 222 Miller building. 66, 226 Miller. Ephraim. 67. 129 Miller, Josiah, 68, 129 Miller. Horace. 64. 200, 218 Miller street. 183 Mills, early saw and grist. 44 ; and shops in Pawtucket at beginning of century, 60. 63 ; cotton, the first, 83, 143 ; poorly ventilated, g6 ; as technical schools. 12 ; old, 138. 139, 140; modern, 144, 145. 152, 156, 161, 162, 163, 169, 170, 185 Mill house, the old, 69 Mill privileges, 139. 161. 162. 163 Mill sites. 131 Mill street. 63. 68. 69. n8, ng, i20. 137. 145, 151, 152, 155, 161. 168 Mill street bridge, Central Falls, 133. 150 Mills. James. 229 Mineral Spring avenue. 40, 119, 146, 182 ; cemetery, 2ot^2iz; park, 2og ; road, 211 ; turnpike, ng Miner, Rev. A. A., D. D., 183 Miner. Rev. G. H.. 222 Ministers. 174, 178-183. Ministerial brutality, 174, 175 Musters, firemen's. 223, 224 ^Iodels of machinery, export of, prohibited from Great Britain, 73 Moderators, 125. 128, 130 Modern Pawtucket. 201 Mohair, braids, 158; plush, 144, 158 Moies & Jenks, 169 Moies. Charles. 161, 162. 200 Moies. Charles P.. 165. 199, 200, 222 Moies, Ingraham & Co., 161 Moies. John, 162 Money order, 226 Money, scarcity of, in Pawtucket, Monitor, fire engine, 223 Monopoly by private companies, 21S Monuments, 227, 228, 230 Moodus, Conn., 170. 171 Mooney. Annie J.. 187 Morrell. Amos B.. 218 Morris, Henr>' A., 222 Morse, Rev. G. A., 182 Moshassuck cemetery. 210, 227 Moshassuck river. 14. 16, 17, 24. 25, 40. 48. 70, 118, 146, 160, 166, 172, 206, 208. 210 Mowry, Daniel. 105 Mowry, Elhanan, 224 Mowry, Mary, 34, 44 Mowry. Roger, 34, 44 Moy. Michael, ig7 Muicahey, Rev. Mr.. 182 Mules, spinning. 81, 158 Mumford, George A., igg Municipalities. 129. 164, 201 Municipal business. 216 ; life, 230 ; lighting. 214 ; socialism, 205, 214 Murray, Martin. 192, 194 Museum. Col. Slack's, 56 Muskets, 161 Music Hall. 66, 196, igg, 200, 217, 228. 230 Nails, made by Oziel Wilkinson, 52. 58, 68 Narragansett Bay, 13, 24, 31, 117. Narragansett Indians, 18; jurisdic- tion and history of. 20, 22, 25 ; countr>'. 20, 45 Narragansett Machine Co., 141, 148 Narragansett purchase, 26 National Hair Seating Co., 145 National and Providence Worsted Mills, 145. 146 National Banks. 198, 199, 200 Navigation of Pawtucket river, 123 Neck, the. 39 ; road, the old, 63, 118 Neotaconkonut. great hill of. 25 New Bedford, Mass., 224 Newell Coal and Lumber Co., 122, 124 Newell, George E.. 122, 131 Newell, George W., 199. 200 New England, 23, 36, 64. 83, 103, n7, 14S. 158, 171. 223. New England Ariizan and Labor- ing ^Ian's Repository, gg. 188 New England Association of Farm- ers, Mechanics and Other Work- ing men, 98 New England Electrolytic Copper Co.. 167, 168 New England Pacific Bank, igg New England Railroad, 143 New England States Veteran Fire- men's League. 223, 224 New England Thread Co.. 143 New Haven, Conn.. 16 New Idea building, 64 New Jersey. 86 New Jerusalem church, 181 Newman, Rev. Noah, 22 Newman, Rev. Samuel, 29, 30, 43 Newman. S. G., 15 Newman burial ground. 126 I church, the old, 56, 174, New Mill. 83. 136; building, 194; Newport. R. I., 48. 117, 121. 190 Newspapers, 155, 178, 188-299; la- bor. 99 New York, 13. 45. 48. 75. 76, 80. 117. 120, 167. 168, 189; the first mayor of. 126 New York Manufacturing Co.. 76 New York Tribune, 147 Niagara river. 101 Nicholas. (Jeorge, 129, 151. 176 Nicholson File Co., 151 Nicholson. James E.. 151 Nicholson, Samuel NI., 151 Nicholson, William T., 151 Nickerson. Ansel D., 131, 187, 189, 190, 227 Nightingales, merchants of Provi- dence. 53 Nomads, industrial, 97 Norfolk and Bristol turnpike, 119 Noonan, Martin. 224 North Attleboro. 120, 162. 217 North Bend street, 44, 57, 62, 137, 183. 184 North burial ground, 40 North Kingstown, 20, 46 North Main street, 63, 66. 68.69. 83, 87, 98, ns. 118. 120. 136. 153. 160. 211, 213, 215, =26, 227 North Providence, 10, 70, 72, 87, 120, 122, 126, 128, 132, 137, 176, 186, 20S, 2og, 210, 215, 216, 226; creation of town. 47 ; portion re- annexed to Providence in 1767,48 ; division of the town in 1874, 128 North Providence Bank. ig8 North Providence and Pawtucket Cavalry company. 222 North Providence rangers. 48 North Smithfield, 163. 164 North Union street. 67, 213 Norton. Mass., 31 Norwalk, Conn., 178 North woods. 163 Nursery, the Pawtucket Day, 225 Nuts and Bolts. 145, 148, 158 Oak Grove cemetery, 209. 210 Oakland, Cal., 190 Obser\'er, 188 Obsen'atory. 166 Odd Fellows building. 67 ; hall. 12S Oilmanufactur. 154, Old Colony. 173 Old tenor. 105 Oldtown. Mass.. 162 Olney A: Payne Bros., 124 <)lncy, Capt. Stephen. 49 (Jlney, Thomas, 18, 26, 28, 48 OlneyviUe, R. L. 145 Omnibuses. 120 Oneida nation. 52 Ontario county. N. Y., 189 Opera house. 230 Operatives, the first, in Slater's mill. 78 Opinion, changes in, 96 Organizations, 217, 218, 224, 225 ; voluntary, 130 Organizing spirit, 225 Organism, social. 9 Orient Card Jt Paper Co., 142. 155 Orleans factory. 84 Ormsbee. Elisha. 86 Osfield. J.. Jr., 194 Ossamequin, 18, 31 Ott, Joseph, 146 Our Lady of Consolation, church of. 184 Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, church of. 184 f)utlands. 163 O.xford. Mass.. 81 Pacific National Bank, igg, 200 Paisley, Scot., 142 Palmer river. 50. 144 Palmer River Manufacturing Co., 84 Panic of 1829. 82, 138. 198 Paper mill. 139. 158 Parker. Rev. John N., 183 Parkinson. Mrs. Esther, 80 Park, Jenks, 166 Park Place, 64, 137, 185, aoi, 208 5o6 1 X U E X . Park Place Congregational church. I So Parks, public. ao8 Park street, aoq Park, William H., 152, 199. 200. Parochial schools. 186 Parsonage. Congregational. 180 Pascoag. 112 Passenger station, 141. 214 Pastoral life. 134 Patch. Sam. dwcUinK. 66; career as a jumper, loi Patch. Mrs. Abigail, 101 Patents. 36. 150 Paths, foot, forest, country and woodlawn. 13. 62. 118, 160. 166 Patrolmen. 215 Patt. Andrew J., 224 Patt. Jabel. 218 Pawtucket, .Mass.. 102 ; incorpora- tion of. 125. 126 : 132. 186, 220 Pawtucket Kails, clearing in the wilderness at, 10 ; original char- acter and appearance, a means of crossing the stream and .1 link in first highway. 13. 14. 46; vicinity nucleus of settlement. 13; fur- nished motive power. 14. 104- 115; neighborhood of originally, 18 ; fishing at the, iq ; 33, 37, 38, 40. 44. 46. 47. 51. 52. "7. '25- "6o, 173. 225 Pawtucket, settlement, 10 ; in- crease in population, growth as a self-conscious community 11 ; po- litical, social and industrial evolu- tion, 12; geographical situation, 13 ; area, name, fields of, 14 ; re- miniscences of 34 ; desirabiily as a place of settlement, 37; as a wayside stopping place on the main traveled road, 54 ; origin of community, 58; the Massachu- setts town, 102, 125. 126, 132. 180, 220 ; the Rhode Island town, 126 ; modern, 126, 201-230 ; fire district, 129 Pawtucket avenue, 39, 68, 72, 118, 119, 183. 217 Pawtucket Hank, 53, 60. 61, 198 Pawtucket Business Men's Associa- tion, 227, 228 Pawtucket Chronicle, 18S Pawtucket Coal Co., 122 Pawtucket Dyeing iS: lilcaching Co.. 84, 153 Pawtucket Congregational M.-eliiig house, $6 ; church, 180 Pawtucket dilligence, 120 Pawtucket Electric Co., 115 Pawtucket fields, 25, 28, 39 Pawtucket Furnace Co.. 157 Pawtucket fjas Co., 86, no, 114. 116, 122, 124, 214 Pawtucket Gazette and Chronicle. 189, 190, 191. Pawtucket Glazed Paper Co., 144. Pawtucket H,tir Cloth Co.. 144. 145. 162. 160 pawtucket Horse Guards, 222 Pawtucket hotel, 118, 120, 136, 188 Pawtucket Institution for Savings, 199, 200 Pawtucket Light Guard, 218, 220 Pawtucket Manufacturing Co., 140. .48 Pawtucket Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 200 Pawtucket path. 118; pike, 119 Pawtucket river. 13. 16, 25, 27, 39 43. 58, 104, 121 ; widening and deepening channel, 123 ; present appearance, 124 Pawtucket Record, 155 Pawtucket Safe Deposit Co., 200 Pawtucket Steam & Gas Pipe Co., 157 Pawtucket Street Railway Co., Pawtucket I'hread Manufacturing Co., 162 Pawtucket turnpike, 1^2 Pawtucket Veteran Firemen's As- sociation, 223 uxet. 18, 27, 45 ; purclii cr, 25, 37- 163 e & Taylor, 106, 107, i^ e Bros., Olney &, 124 e, Charles B.. 199 e, J, Milton, 199, 200 e, Nathaniel, 34 e, (ieorge W., 151 c, Stephen, 34, 42; its estate dealer, 44 Peabody, .Mass.. 224 Peacock. John T.. 165 Payn Payn Payn Payn Payn Payn Payn Peck family, 6! Peck, Cvrel. house of, 61 Peck, Rev. J. M.. 182 Pegram. John, 51 Penstocks. 201 People's Bank. 199 People, the common. 94, 97 People's Mission church, 183 Pequods, 21 Perkins. Benjamin B.. 222 Pcrrin, Edwin A., 199, 225, 226, Perry, Fred G., 208 I'erry, Rev. H. H.. 183 Perry. Rev. J. DeW., 182 Perry Oil Co.. 142 Perry. Oliver H., 131. 215 Persecution, religious, 174, 175 Personal property, 217 Pervear, Charles B!., 143, 14,';, 146. Pestilence, the great Indian. 20 Phenix Bank. 199 Phetteplace iS; Seagraves. 145. 162 Philadelphia, 80 Philleo. Rev, Calvin, 178 Phillips. Francis J.. 225 Phillips. Governor. 54 Phillips Insulated Wire Co.. 142 Phillips. Rev Jeremiah, i8o Phillips. John M.. 222 Philip. King. 31 ; w.-ir. 51 Phillips. Samuel. 54 Phinney h.iuse. 211 Phinney, Rev. Barimbas. 180 I'hinnev. Squire Z.. 155 Phinney. William H.. 2n I'hvsical characteristics. 14 Pl^iinhikl. Cono. 194 Plain, great. 44. 45 Plaza of the town. 128 Pleasant street. 39. 53, 63, 67, 68, 87, 115, 119, ijh. 137. 156, 183, 213 Pleasant View, 130, 133, 148. 153. i5o. 168. 169, 186. 217 Pleasant View Baptist church, 179. Plush, mills. 113 ; mohair, 144. 158 Plynio.ilh, .Mass., 20, 22, 23, 24. 29. .'. 43. "7 Pi. k.-ring. Rev. David, 182 Pidge avenue, 72 I'idge tavern. 72 Pierce. Alonzo E., 131, 187. 20s Pkrces Fight. 22 I'lircc. Capt. .Michael, 22 Pike. Asa. 208 Piller-shire, 04 I'.i,.ri,ns. 20.24. .03. ,75 I'lnc street, 67, 88, 146, 148, 153. 155, l8.3. 184. 214 Pinkham. Haskell & Co.. 14^ Pioneer settlers 10 ; mechanics. .^3. 163. 230 Pipes, water. 204 Pitcher. Alanson. 98 Pitcher. Benjamin. 137, 140 Pitcher & Brown, 89 Pitcher & Gay, 89, 146 Pitcher, E. B., 61, 137 Pitcher. Ellis. 140 Pitcher. John, dwelling of, 65 ; 108, 129. 176 Pitcher. Earned. 61. 89. 136, 137, 146, 318 Pitcher, Samuel, 56 Pitcher. Mrs. S.. 112 Pitcher street, 61, 180, ai8 Pittsburg. Penn., 86 Poets' corner, 64, 67 Pokonoket, 31 Police, 164, 166; station, 215 Political unity, growth of. at Paw- tucket, 125 ; how accomplished, Poinfret, Conn., 86 Ponds, at falls, 109 ; mill. 112 ; water P.mtont'Eut'ene. ,65 Pool below the falls, loi Poor, the, boarded at town's ex- pense. 49 : house. 94 ; support of, 164 ; overseer of. 166 Popnl.ation. 125, 130, 163, 164. 166, 184. ig'j. 201. 205. 226 Porter, Rev. E. H.. 182 Porter. Rev. J. Leech. 182 Portsmouth. R. I.. 117 Postal system, 22O Post, the Boston, 190 Post, the Evening. 108 Postmasters, 225, 226 Postoffice, 64, 194, 195, 225 ; new building, 226 Potash factory, 53, 54, 57 Potter, Abel, 33. 34. 37. 42. 44 Potter & Athenon Machine Co.. 148 Potter, Holliman, 128 Potter, James C. 148 Potior, R.„l„l, „. 42 P"i!> I • :-. S7 Sabin. Noah. Jr.. 57 Sabin. William. 51. 57 Sacred Heart, church of the. 183 St. Clara's Swedish Episcopal church. 182 St, Francis cemetery. 210 St. George's Episcopal church, 182 St. Jean Baptiste church. 184 St. John's church. Providence. 181 St. Joseph's church. 183 ; convent, and school. 62 St. Mar>*"s church, 183. 184. 210; cemetery. 210 St. Matthew's Evangelical Luth- eran church. 183 St. Paul's Episcopal church, 82. 181, 1B2. i85 St. Patrick's church. 183 Sale. Edward. 51 Salem. Mass.. 23. 24. 80. 117 Salisbury house. 67 ; fulHng mill, 108 Salisbury*. Jesse, 129. 176 Salisbury. William H., 131 Saltpetre, manufactured at See- konk cove. SI Salt, scarcity of. 50 Sanders, Mrs. Minen-a A.. 187. 2 28 Sanitary conditions in early mills, 96.100 Sargent's trench. 63. 89. 104. 105. io5, 107 ; litigation about water rights on. 108, in ; privileges on, no; n2. 113, n4, 135, 140 Sassacus. 21 Saugus river. 36 Saunders. Samuel. 161 Saunders street, 143 Savage. Rev, Edward. 178 Saw mills, the first at Pawtucket, II. 44, 50. 57. 84 Savings banks, 199. 200 Savles. Clark. 121, 122, 132. 156, 180 Sayles. Frank A.. 187. 199 Sayles. Frederick C. 131. 144. 199, 228 Sayles. Jeremiah, 48. 72. 127 Sayles. Sylvanus. 128 Sayles tavern. 72. 118 Sayles. W. F. &. F. C. 146, 172 Sayles. William F., 144, 172. 201; bequest to library. 187 Sayles. William R.. 187 Saylesville. 16. 17. 72, 141. 161. 172, 175- 181. 217 Scarcity of help. 93 Schiller. Hector. 165 Schism. 174 Schools, supported by towns m Rehoboth. 50. 51 ; 70. 103, 137, 164. 166. 171, 184. 185. 226. 227, 230 ; Sunday. 82 ; factory. 88 ; School buildings. i86 Schoolhouses. 128. 156. 171. 184; the brick, 126. 179. 181: the old red, 69, 70, 178. 181. 182. 183. 185 Schoolmasters, early, in Rehoboth, School street, 53, 56, 61, 62. i8i. 225 Scit , Ma Scituate. R. L. 163 Scotch power-loom. 87 Scotch weavers. 77 Scotland. 91. 142 Scott. Job. 70 Scott. John. 70 Scott's pond. 16. 42. 70. 118 Scott. Richard. 42. 70 Screws, manufacture of, 58, 147, 148. 157. 158 Scythes, invention of, by Joseph Jenks. 36 ; manufacture of. 161 Seamless wire. 159 Sears. John. 126 Sears. Walter H.. 201. 203 Second Baptist church, 226 Secret societies. 217 Seekonk, Mass., 25. 29. 31. 43. 54. 56, 84, 122 ; incorporation of, 125 ; 120, 130. 186 Seekonk Central Factory, 84 Seekonk cove. 52, 121 Seekonk plain. 22, 30. 62, 63, 118, Seekonk river, 14, 24. 29. 86, 123, 126 Selectmen. 214 September gale of 1869. 150 Sergeants, town, 215 Sessions. Darius, 105 Settling basin. 202 Settler, the first at Pawtucket. 10. 32-44. 104 ; the first in Rhode Island. 15, 171 : pioneer, 43, 172. ^ '73 Settlements, first. 10. 117. 173 Seven mile line. 27 Sewage disposal. 200. 208 Sewers, in Central Falls. 164. 166; absence of. 201 ; primitive in Pawtucket. 205; construction of system. 205. 206. 208 ; cost. 217 Sewing cotton, the first. 142 Seymour. Rev. Storrs O.. 183 Shawmut, 15 Sheldon. Arnold. 218 Sheldon building. 187 Sheldon. H. H.. 198 Shepard. Benjamin. 49 Sherman. Fred. 187 Sherman. Robert. 189. 190. 200. 201 Ship building at Pawtucket, 52. 57, 58. 120 Shipping. 73. 120. 122 Ship yards. 58. 120. 121 Sholes. Samuel A.. 210 Shops on Sargeant's trench. 107 Shove, Isaac. 126. 199. 300. 203, 205 Shove. Samuel, 200 Shreeve house. 72 Skeleton of (Jov. Joseph Jenks. 212 Sibley. Alden W.. ia6 Sibley & Lee. 189 Siblev. John S.. 183. 190 Sibley. John W.. 131 Silk, fabrics. 145. 146; machinery, '58 Silver, extracting. 167. 168 Silver Spring Bleachery. 17 Summit street. 166 s. (ieorge A.. 156 . James F.. 162 Simmons. R. H.. 156 Simpson. Matteson, 140 Sisson. Charles. 145. igo Sisson. Joseph 1'.. 147, 225, 226 Sisson street. 70 Slack. Benjamin, 56 Slack. EHphalet. Col.. 54 ; career. will, peculiarities, museum. 56; 57. 63. 67. 84. 125. 137, 176, 180 Slack's lane. 56 Slack. Samuel. 57. 62, 176 Slack. Sarah. 56 Slack mansion. 56 Slack tavern, 54. 56. 57. 60. 67. 118, Slater Mill, the old. 63.69; build- ing of. 79. 80 ; 84. 86. 106, 119. 139, 143. 155. 158 Slater avenue. 157 Slater Cotton Co.. 144. 151 Slater. Mrs. Esther. 80, 82, 137 Slater homestead. 137 Slater. Horatio N.. 93 Slater, John. 81 Slater mansion. 82 Slater memorial. 228 Slater monument. 227. 228 Stater National Bank. 199 Slater, Samuel, birth and early life. 7.| ; apprenticeship to cotton spin- ning, emigrates to America. 75: comes to Pawtucket. and begins construction of cotton machinery-. 76. 77 ; starts his first machinery. 78 ; builds the old mill. 79; the firm Almy. Browne Slater organ- nized, marries. 80; his industry- and enterprises. 81 ; sunives panic of 1829 ; starts Sunday schools, personal appearance. 82 ; character. 83 ; residences. 66, 69, 82; second wife. 80, 82, 137; it, 53. 64, 67, Qi. 100. 104, 129. 138. i39< 143. 146. 175, 179. 181, 182. 185, 196. 198. 209. 225 Slater. Samuel & Co., 80, 136 Slater, town of. 164 Slater's trench, 112 Slatersville. 81. 82 Slavery, opposed by the people of North Providence, 49 Slaves, 88; fugitive. 171 Sliding lathe, invention of. 86. 87 Smales. George, 156 Smith. Andrew. 218 Smith. Benjamin, stone chimney ;of. "7„ Smith. Benjamin F., 156. 2co Smith, Edward. 48. 131. 194 Smith family, the first owners of water privilege on east side, 53, 62, 63. 106. 113 Smith. Rev. Charles E., 178 Smith, Edward. 69 Smith. Eleazer. 86 Smith, Gideon C. 200 Smith. Hazeal. 128 Smith. Ht-nry. 44. 137 Smith. Henry A.. 200. 205 Smith. Henry T.. 151. 152 Smith. John. 24 ; the miller. 42 ; 44 Smith. Joseph. 121. 122 Smith, Ruth. 34 Smith. Samuel. 44. 57.61. 62 Smith. Solomon, 58.84 Smith. 'J'homas. 34 Smithfield. R L. 52. 118. 122. 133. 160. 163. 164. 170. 199 Smithfield avenue. 208. 210 Smithfield Friends Meeting house. 172. 171 Smithfield Manufacturing Co.. 161 Smithfield road. 67. 72. 118. 160; turnpike, nq Smithfield Union Guard. 222 Snow. Dr. Edwin M.. 197 Snuff, manufacture of, 58; mill. 160 Soap manufacture, 157 Social autonomy, growth of the two Pawtucket villages towards. 58 Social consciousness, evolution of. 58 Social conditions, before the revolu- tion in North Providence. 49, 50; at beginning of century. 94. 99; elements in structure. 5s: de- velopment of 96 ; inequality of 103 Social, forces and organism. 9 ; growth. Ill : spirit. 225 Socialism, municipal. 205, 214 Societies, 90. 217 Society, state of at beginning of factory system. 93. 94 Soil character of. 14 Solar time. ?8 Soldiers and Sailors monument. Central Falls. 227 Soldiers monument. Pawtucket. 228 Somerset. Mass.. 57 South Bend street. 44, 62, 137 South Danvcrs. 224 South Kingstown. 20 Soul liberty. 173. 174. 175 Sovereign plaster, 27 Sowams. 24. 117 Sparkling rountain. t88 Spaulding, George H.. 165 Spaulding. Rev. Sila.s. 178 Spear. Thomas. 64. 108. 129. 176 Spencer block. 66. 187. 194 .Spencer, (iidcon L., 132. 139.187.200 Spencer. Henry L.. 139. 158 Spencer. Job L.. 112. 139 Spindles. 147. 150. 158 Spink. William. 143 Spinners, exploits of, 143 Spinning, in houses. 91 ; jenniesand frames. 76. 77. 78. 80. 150. 158; mules first brought to America, 81 ; cotton. 130, 161. 227 ; yarn, 140: wheels made and used at Pawtucket, 53, 142 ; ring, 158 Spinning mills, the first. 79; the secnnd, 80; as technical schools, 81 ; increase in number, 83. 84. 90, 91, 143 Spool cotton, 146 Sports of the boys, 101, 223 Sprague, A. & W., 144 Sprague, Amasa, 210 Sprinkling of infants, 174 Spool manufacture, 152, 159, 168 Spring street, 62 Spur, John, 43 Stafford & Co., 142 Stafford Manufacturing Co., 142, 161, 162 .Stafford, Rufus J., 163 Stage coaches, 119, 120 Standard Seamless Wire Co., 151 Starkweathers, the, as public officials in Rehoboth, Seekonk and the slate of Massachusetts, 54 Starkweather, Ephram, manu- factures potash, 53; purchased land, and buys a house, 54, 57, 6j Starkweather,: James C, 54, 100, 192, 125 Starkweather. Oliver, manufactures carriages, 54 ; mansion of, 61 ; 63, 84; chaise, too, 125. 137 Star, Providence Morning, 147, 197 Star Tanning Co., 152 State Armory, 222 Slateof society, 94 Station, railroad. 141 Steamboat, invented by David Wilkinson and Elisha Ormsbce, 86 Steam fire engines, 130, 157, 159. sound and river, 120, 124 Steam mill, first. Rhode Island. 81 Stearns. Henry A., 200 Sieere, OscarA.. 145 Stevenson, Sarah, Airs., wife of William Blackstonc, 16 Ste\iens, Samuel, 62 Stockinet, 153. 158 Stocking machine, 74 Stone chimney houses, 41, 62. 66, 67, 69, 70, 72, 160 Stone mill, 84, no. 113. 136, 138, 139, 140, 144, 162 Store pay, 100 Storer, Ebenezer. ^3. 54' 56 Story, Judge, decision ot in watci power cases, 44, 109 Stove manufacture, 157 Strauss, Major Alexander, 222 Streets, 57, 60-64, ^7' *^» ^: 7°* 164, t66, 178, 205, 215, 216 ; widen- ing ol. 115, 121, 136 : commission- ers of , 166 ; improvements of, 213, 214; lighting of, 130, 214 Street railroads, 120, 217 Strutt, Jededlah. 74. 79 Studley. Baxter H.. 224 Study hall and Study hili. 16 Stump hill, 202, J03 Sturtcvanl, William H., 188 Suffrage, extension of. 102 Summer sireel, 226 Summit street, 61, 216 Sumner, Frcdcrich A.. 225. 226 Sunday school started by Slater 8j, 90. >8S 5o8 INDEX. Supcriniendtnt water works, 203 Surinam^ 79 Sutton, Miiss., 191 Swamp Kighi, 22 Swamp, the great, 39, 40, 42, 118, Swan Point cemetery, 189, 210 Swan Point road, 119 Swansea, Mass., 30, 64, 174 Sweater's dens, 100 Swede nborKiMn church, 181 Swedish Congregational church, 181 Swedish Evangelical Lutheran church, 183 Sweet, Leonard, 128 Sweetland, Azatus, 129 Sweetland, Arestas, 176 Sweetland, Cornelius, 176 Sweetland house, 66 Tabor, Deacon, 69, 211 'laber, Ichabod, 120 Taft, Rev. George, 181, 186 Talbot, Rev. M. J., 182 Tanneries, 50, 58, 68, 136, 150, 152 I'ashtassuck, 20 Taunton, Mass., 57 Taunton river. 31 Tarboro, N. C, 86 Taverns, 48. 54, 56, 57, 58, 61, 62, 66, 67, 72, 94. 117, 118, 120, 126, 127, 130 Taxation, 129, 166, 184; for schools, 186; 202,517 Taylor, Judc. 145, 199 Teachers, 184, 185, 186 Telegram, Providence, 192, ig6 Temperance, 171 Temperance Hall, 181, 215 Temperance Regulator, 188 Tenement houses, 136 Ten hour working day, 99 Ten Mile River, 14,43,51,84, 121, 125. 153, 208 Tenney. Alfred K., 151 Tibbetts, Fred W.. 222 lidewater street, 122 Tiepke, Henry E., 131, 187, 195, 196, 2H Tiffany, Ebenezer, 108, 198, 225 Tiffany, Otis, 66, 127, 129, 225, 226 Tiffany & Read, 64 Tillinghast, Amos A., 125, 140 Tillinghast, Pardon E., 200 Time, factory and solar, 98 Times, the Paw tucket, 192, 195, Timothy street, 63, 68 Tippling, 94 Thayer, Alanson, 140, 200 Thayer, Edward, 146, 222 Thayer, Ellis, 154 Thayer, George W,, 154 Thayer, Philo E., 131, 154, 200 Thayer, William. 51 Theatres, 230 Thomas. Estance, 42 Thomas, Hiram H., 120 Thornley, Peter. 72 Thomson Methodist Church, 182 Thornton estate, 113 Thornton, George j\L, 165, 199 Thornton & Co., Jesse S., 68, 122 Thornton's ledge, 68 Thornton, Simon, 122 Thorpe, John, 89 Thread, 140, 152, 156, 159, 169 ; cotton, i42j 153, 161, 162 : lactory, 140; machmery, 147, 159 Throckmorton, John, 26 Tobie, Edward P., 196, 197 Tobie. Edward P.. Jr., 105 Tobey, Dr. Samuel Boyd, 139 Toleration, religious, 175 Toler, Daniel, 66, 176 Toll bridges, 123 Toll house, 72, 119 ; the old, 220 Tomlinson. Rev. J. W., 183 Tompkins, Abner S., 218 Tompkins, Cornelius, 218 Tompkins, Peleg S., 218 Tompkins, Seabury, S , 197 To Kalon Club, 61, 137, 218 Tools, edged, 37, 161 Tourtellott, Jesse S., 200 Tower, Capt. Levi, 220 Tower, Capt. John C, 200 Tower light battery, 320, 222 lower Post, 224, 228 Town divisions, 48, 125, 128, 163, 164 Town Hall, 126, 128, 179, 224 'lown landing, 119, 120, 121, 206 Town meetings, in North Provi- dence, 48, 70, 72. 126, 127, 128 ; in Pawtucket, Mass., 125, 126, 130, 164, 186, 201 Town records, 211 Townsend, Rev. Julius S., 182 Toys, manufacture of, 157, 159 Trade between American colonists and mother country, 73 Traditions as to first settlement. Traffic, river, 123 Trails, Indian, 46, 117, 118 Travel, Pawtucket a way station for, 117, ii8, 141; time of by stages, I20 Travellers, ring, 155, 158 Treasurer, city, 131, 166 Trenches, mill, at Pawtucket, 104, 106-115; at Central Kails, 161, 163 'I renlon street, 183 Trestle, street railroad, 214 Tribune, New York, 147 Tribune, the Pawtucket. 192, 194 Trinity Episcopal church, 54, 61, 172, 182 Trinity Square, 201 Trip hammers, 90, 160, 161 'IVipp, fob, 46 Tniant'laws, 184 Trumpler. Peter J., 192 Truth's advocate. 188 Tucker. Rev. William P., 182 Turnpikes, 119, 170; Pawtucket, Ty!t-r \s. Wilkinson, 112 Typesetting machines, 192, 195 Tyranny, petty, in early factories, 96,97 Twenty mile line, 27 Twine, manufacture of, 140, 146, 1 59 1 wisting machines, 150, 158 Umbrella, the first in Pawtucket, 67 Underground railroad, 171 Union liaplist Church, 179, 224 Union Block, 64. 68, 87 Union of the two Pawtuckets, 126, 130. 215 ; proposed union of Cen- tral Falls and Pawtucket, 164. Union Railroad Co., 120 Union Wadding Co., 144. 153 United colonics, 30 United Press, 195 United States, 73, 75, 145, 151, 151, 153, 167, 198, 205 United States Circuit Court, 109, United States Congress, 87 United States government, 161, 226 United States Cotton Co., 144 Unity Furnace, 52 Universalisls churches, 182, 220, 226 Upham. Lester W., 189 Upper Dam, 140 Valley Falls, 22, 72, 88, 122, 138, 141. J53. 155, 160, 170, 171, 172, 183,202,203,204,211,217; pond, 16, 28, 160; turnpike, 119, 170 Valley Falls Co., 170, 171 Valley street, 145 Valuation, Central Falls, 166 ; Paw- Vcrin, Joshua, 24, 38, 39 Views from Jenks Park, 166 Villages at Pawtucket falls, 48, $8; at beginning of century, 60, 63, 70, 72; Pawtucket, 83, 103, 117, 118, 126, 127, 128, 130, 132, 135, »35. 13^ 137, 138, 140, 176. 178, 186, 188, 201, 214, 215, 22o; in Blacksione valley, 112, 122, 163; Central Falls, 164 ; Valley Falls, 170; Lonsdale, J71 ; Saylesville, 172, 175 ; factory, 184 Vinton, Rev. Porter, 182 Virginia, 36, 86 Visitor. Central Falls Weekly, 155, 196, iy8 \'oluntary organizations, 174 Volunteer tire department, 130 "Volunteer, " engine, 224 Volunteer firemen, 224 Volunteer soldiers, 220 Wadding, cotton, 144, 159 Wading place at Pawtucket falls, 46 Wages, Slaters as a superintend- ent, 81 ; of the first operatives, 93 Wagons, manufacture of, 156, 160 Walcott, Benjamin, 84,90, 125, 137, 143. 161 Walcott family, 137 Walcott Manufacturing Co., no, III, 140 Walcott, Otis, 68, go Walcott, Palemon. 143, 161 Walcott street, 44, 54, 56, 60, 61, 60, 62, 137, 183, 216 Walker avenue, 180 Walker, liosworth, 127, 162 Walker, D., 176 Walker, George I,., 131 Walker, John, 131 Walker, Nathaniel, 68, 108, 129 Walker, Nathaniel, Jr., 129, 176 Walker, William R., 218, 220 Wall, river. 114 Walnut Hill cemetery, 210 Wampanoags, 20, 24, 43 Wamsulta, 31 Wanasquatucket river, 25 Wannauuiisetl, purchase of, 30 Wanskuck, 47, 48 Warburlon, I'rank E., 143 Warburlun, Henry A., 142, 143 Warburton, Henry A.. Jr., 143 Wards, Pawtucket, 131 ; Central Falls, ,65 Ward and Hopkins controversy, 48 Waring, Elijah, 80 Warner, John, 37, 42 ; estate. 44 Warot rebellion, 220 Warren, Peter, 67 Warren, R. L, 24, 29, 31, 190 Warwick, R. 1.. 34,37, 163 Washburn. Francis H., 165 WasliinKton bridge, 123 WasliiiiKton, D. C, 147, 225, 226 \\ .isIiin^K.n, General, 56 Washington street. 166 Wii 166 ■tucke the Vernon street. 62 Veteran Firemen, 223, 224 Vessels, sailing, 120, 122, 123, 124 Veto, mayor's, power of, 165 utilized. 91 ; attracts the firsi settler to Pawtucket falls, 32. 37 104 ; the first dams, 105 ; on Ser geant's trench, 106,-115; litiga- tion, 109 ; the various water priv' ileges, no, III, 112; damagi awarded to owners, 113; tt lower dam. and the modern d velopnient of the water power, 113, 114, 115; 135, 136; at Cen- tral Falls, 161,-164; Valley Falls, 170 Water privileges, 136, 161,-164. i/o Water rates, 204, 205 Water street, 61, 136 Water supply, 129. 166, 201, 205, Water wheel. Slater s first, 68 Water works, 164, 166, 170 ; prim- itive. 201 : system, 201, 205 ; con- Tuction, 20^, 204 Watchemoquct Neck, 50 Watson. Arthur H., 151 Wawepoonseag, 16 Wayland avenue, 180 Wayside inns. 48, 54, 56. 57. 72, 117. 118. 120, 126. 127 WeatherheadA Thompsci, 152.162, '34 . . handloom, 77, 80, 91, Weaving, power loom. 92, 144, 156 Webbing, manufacture of, 159 Webb, (;eorge H.. 148 Webb, Rev. Samuel, 181 Webster, Mass., 81, 82, 91, 184 W^ceden building, 137 Weeden, James, 129, 176 Weeden. John H.. 128, 188. 200 Weeden mansion, 68 Weeden street, 155, 173, 181 Weekly Visitor, the Central Falls. 155 Wells, 201. 205 Welsh custom in names, 42 Wenscutt, 47 Westcott. Stuketey, 26, 39, 42 Westerly, R. L, 226; granite, 227 West Indies, 121 Weston. Francis, 26 W;eston, Humane. 128 West side, 45, 60. 63. 67, 60. 86. 103^ 104. 105, 108. 118, 124. 128. 136, 137. 140. 150, 186, 209. 214, 216, 225 Wetherell & Bennett. 120 Weybosset. 45 Weymouth. 29 Whalen. Michael. 156 Wharves at mouth of Ten Mile River, 51 ; at Pawtucket. 121, 124 ck. 24 . Elisha. 143, 161 , Richard, 26, 119. W'hat Che< Wheat. Mr Wheaton building, 64, 201 Wheaton dam. 58 Wheaton. Mrs. James L., 228 Wheaton. Job, 130 Wheelrights. 156 Whipple, Benjamin, 49 White & Brown. 147 White, David J., 152, 155, 198 White, Elijah. 70 White. Frederick H., 131 White, Henry T., 147 White, Joshua S.. 147 White mill. 83. in, 112, 140 White, Nicholas P., 128 White. Seth. 53. 57 White. Willis H.. 145 White. Zebulon. 147 White. Zebulon L.. 147 White, Zebulon P.. 147 Whitin A: Sons. Paul, in Whitinsville. Ill Whitman, Jacob, 48 Whitney. Eli. qi Whipped for his opinions, 174 Whipple, 40 Whipple, Ainasa, 143 Whipple, Bennett. 143 Whipple, David. 105 Whipple, Emor. 222 Whipple, Ezekiel, 128 Whittemore, Rev. Joseph. i8o Whittcmorc. Rev. Thomas, 182 Wickes, Francis, 24 Wilbour. Nathaniel, 218 Wilbur. Smith. 128 Wilderness, clearing in at Paw- tucket tails. 10 Wilkins. AlvinS.,218 Wilkinson brothers: mills, shops and forges. 63. 107, 108. 135, 140; 112 ; build a fire engine. 129 ; as mechanics. 139 ; abandoned fur- naces of. 147 ; bequeath lot to Trinity, 181 Wilkinson. David, the first Amer- ican builder of cotton machinery, his great ability as a mechanic, constructs a steamboat, 86 ; in- vents sliding lathe, his career, 87, 88; failure.^87. 138; old patterns utilized, 147; 64, 66, 78, 80. 82. qo, no. 119. 121, 129, 132, 133, 136, 137, 139. 170, 181, 183; grave, 209 INDEX 509 Wilkin 66; 107, log. i2q, 132. 140, 170. 181. iqS Wilkinson family, 81, — , of, invent cotton thread. 142 Wilkinson & Greene. 140 ; mill. Wilkinson. George. 88, 107, III. 140. ICO W^ilkinson. Isaac. 66. 88. 129. builds Valley Falls turnpike 181 Wilkinson. Isaac R., 225 Wilkinson. Oziel. settles at tucket, 52 ; manufactures work, 53 ; grass field, 64. 208 ; store. 66 ; house. 68 lill. chor and Bristol turnpike, iig dent of the Manufacturer iq8 ; builds a fountain. 20 named in his honor, 209 ; Vilkinson. Hannah, marri^ .rfolk ' Hank, Wilkinson Hannah, owner of mill privilege on Sergeant's trench. no. 139 Wilkinson. Isrcal. 52 WMlkinson. Lawrence. 52 Wilkinson Park, 64. 208. 209, 216. 2t8 Wilkinson, Smith. 78. 129 Wilkinson. William. 80. 179 Wilkinsonville. Mass.. 82 Willard & Adams. 142 Willard, George O.. 191, 192 Williams, Rev. Alvah D., 180 W'illiams. Robert, 16, 18. 26 Williams. Roger 16. 17. 18; early life, 23; ministry and career in the Massachusetts bay colony, settles Providence, 24 ; conveys ■ an interest to his associates, 26; as a negotiator with and friend of the Indians, 21, 22, 27; charac- ter, influence, and achievements 28 ; purchase from Massasoit, 28, 32; first settlement at Seekonk, 24, 29 ; wandering in the wilder- ness, 31 ; purchase of Rehoboth made in his house, 43; site of settlement, 126; doctrine of soul liberty, 27, zS, 173, 175, i8j WiUett, Rev. J. W., 182 Willett, Captain Thomas, secures Rehoboth North Pure base, career. 31 : grave 126 Willnmrth & MacKillop, 156 Willmarth. John W., 130 Wilson. Robert. 156 Wing house, 61 Wing, Sylvanus, 61 Winslow, Edward, 20. 29, 43 Winslow, Ezekiel, 127 Winslow, Gov., 24, 29 Winslow, Jacob, 127 Winthrop, John, the younger, 36 W'inthrop, Governor, 15, Wire, manufacture of, 151, 158. 159 Wolves, 62 Women's rights, 171 Wood, Betty, 67 W'ood, Charles D., 151, 224 Wood, Joseph, 162 Woodbine stre-^t, 182 Woodland paths, iiS Woodlawn, .63. 70, 127. 141, 145, "47. 83 odlawn Raptist chapel, 179 VVoodley, Rtv. Robert D ■ Woods, north, 163 Woodward, James F., 222 Woodward, Joseph, 38 Woolen manufacture, 8r, gi, ,..'■".; ''°- '5^' '5-t- "S"). ■''2 Woolley, Er\'inK K., 187 Woolley, Rev. Joseph J., 180 Woonsocket, K. I., ^i, 122, 164 Woonsockct Patriot, igo Worcester, Mass , 15, 142, 167 Workers, factory, 103 Working-men, convention of, 08 World's lind, 72 Worsted hraid, 144 ; cloth, 145, 146, 158; yarn, 146, 153; machiner>', 150 : mills, 162. 163 Woven fabrics, narrow, 145, 158 Wrentham. Mass.. 122, 160 Wyman. John C, 112 Wyman.Mrs. Elizabeth B., (Chace) Yai^e CoUcKc, 53, 58 Yarn, cotton, the first manufac- tured by Slater, 79 ; 138, 139, 140, 142. 143. '46. '52. >53, 154. 158, 159, i6i, 162: mills, 68 Vellow mill, 53, 56, 84, .01, 136, 130 \orkto«n, 67 Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, 227 : sketch of. 485. Zeller. Willi.im H.. 195 12467 19^ ^