LEWISTON CITY BUILDING, 1891. HISTORY OF oir Androscoggin County, MAINE (ILLUSTRATED ) "Out of monuiuents, names, words, proverbs, traditions, records, fragments of stone, passages of books, and the like, we^ recover somewhat from the deluge of time." ■"■■^ " 'j';?C^>v JAN 26 1892 w GEORGIA DREW MERRILL, EDITOR. W. A. FERGUSSON & CO. BOSTON, MASS. 1891. Copyright, 1891. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. JOURNAL PRESS, UEWISTON, ME. FROM innumerable sources of information, — many of them broken, frag- mentary, and imperfect, — from books, manuscripts, records, and private documents, we have gathered much of value respecting this valley of Androscoggin and its savage and civilized occupancy. In our labors we liave endeavored to separate truth from error, fact from fiction, as they come down to us from the half-forgotten days in legend, tradition and the annals of the past. We express our thanks to those who have willingly given of their time and lab(jr to aid us ; to those who have contributed the illustrations, thereby adding much to the value of this work; to those whose cheering words and earnest assistance have ever been at our service ; and to those whose courtesy has been extended to us during our sojourn in this most progressive of counties. CONTENTS. PAGE Chapter I i' The County of Androscoggin. — Territory — Organization — Towns Included — Name— Location and Area— Agriculture, Population, and Valuation— Manufactures and Wealth— Census Statistics— Financial Condition from Organization— State Tax, 1890 and 1891. Chapter II 22 Geology. — Rock Formations — Unstratified or Igneous Rocks— Stratified Rocks — Formations in Maine— Age of Ice— Glacial Drift— Lower and Upper Till— Cliamplain Period— Modified Drift— Surface Geology— Drift Period— Beach and Terrace Periods, etc.— Montalban or White Mountain Formation— Tourmalines and Associate Minerals- Pratt's Cave — Gneiss — Mica Schist — Saccharoid Azoic Limestone — Dunes, etc. * Chapter III. 32 The Androscoggin River. — Williamson's Description — Piiysical and Geological Features— Drainage District— Altitudes— Principal Tributaries in this County — Water- Powers. Chapter IV. 44 Aboriginal Tribes and History. — (By J. G. Elder). Chapter V 49 Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc.— The Cabots— Mary of Guilford— English Claims— Norumbega— Bartholomew Gosnold and Other Discoverers— Acadia — French Claims and Occupancy — Captain Weymouth— Grants by James I— North Virginia— Plymouth Company— Captain John Smith— New England— Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason— Province of Maine— Laconia— First English Settlements— Kennebec and Other Patents— Plymouth Council— The Twelve Grand Divisions— Resignation of Ply- mouth Patent— William Gorges— New Patent of Maine— Gorgeana— Settlement under Gorges — Massachusetts Claims and Proprietorship. Chapter VI. 56 The Pejepscot Claim (By J. G. Elder).— Thomas Purchase— Purchase and Way's Patent— Assignment to Governor Winthrop— Richard Wharton— The Six Indian Saga- mores' Deed — Pejepscot Proprietors— Definition of Territory. Chapter VII 64 Early Settlements. — Early Settlements in Androscoggin Valley — After the Revo- lution—Population from 1780 to 1800 — Commencement of the Nineteenth Century — Effects of the War of 1812— Severity of Climate— The Cold Year— Improvement in Con- dition — Changes and Progress in Agriculture — Development and Change— Manufact- uring. vi Contents. Chapter VIII 69 The Birds of Androscoggin County. — (By II. E. Walter). Chapter IX 94 Mail Uodtes, Railroads, and Post-offices.— Early MailRoutes— Staging— Railroads- Post-offices and Postmasters. Chapter X. 105 Military Affairs.— Maine Regiments in the Civil War— The Soldiers of Androscoggin Countj'— The Grand Army Posts and Associate Bodies. Chapter XI 183 Bates College. — (By Rev. James Albert Howe, D.D.). — Difficulties in Founding a College in New England. Raison d'etre: Denominational Need — Co-education — Indigent Students — Local Support— General Public. The Beginning of the College: The Maine State Seminary— Organization of the College — Au Honored Name — Other Details — The Terms of Admission — First Faculty — College and Seminary Separated — The Latin School — Cobb Divinity School— Faculty — Courses of Study. Growth of the College — Storm and Stress — Relief— Benefactors and Benefactions — The Equipment of the College — The Gymnasiixm — The Libraries — The Cabinet — Instructors and Instruction — Characteristic Features: Co-edu- cation — Open Societies — Needy Students Helped — Forensics — Prizes — Outside Lectures — Morals and Religion— Interest of the Faculty in Students— The Alumni— Alumni Asso- ciations. Chapter XII 208 Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. Chapter XIII 281 The Press of Androscoggin— County Medical Association — The Grange— Women's Chris- tian Temperance Union. Chapter XIV 300 National, State, and County Officers.— United States Senators— Representatives in Congress— State Officers— Representatives to the Massachusetts Legislature— Members of the Constitutional Convention of 1819— State Senators— Members of Maine Legislature- Clerks of Court— County Attorneys— Sheriffs— Judges of Probate— Registers of Probate- County Treasurers— County Commissioners— Registers of Deeds. (Chapter XV 307 The Courts and Bench and Bar.— The Courts- Supreme Judicial Court— Probate and Insolvent Courts— Court of County Commissioners— Auburn Municipal Court— Lew- iston Municipal Court— County Buildings— The Little Family— Bench and Bar. CITIES AND TOWNS.-EASTERN DIVISION. LEWISTON.-(By J. G. Elder). Chapter XVI 343 The Town. Situation, Extent, Natural Features, Products, etc.— Conditions of Grant— Pioneer Settlers— Incorporation— Growth— Civil List. Contents. vii Chapter XVII 357 Ecclesiastical History — Church Organizations — Schools. Chapter XVIII 382 Saw and Grist Mills^Lewiston Falls Water-Power Co. — R. C. Pingree & Co. — Read, Small & Co. — Barker's Mills — Other Mills — Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Co. — The First Cotton Mill — Lewiston Water-Power Co. — Franklin Co. — Lincoln Mill— Bates Manufact- uring Company — Hill Manufacturing Co. — Androscoggin Mill — Continental Mills— The Lewiston Mill — Avon Mill — Lewiston Bleachery — Cowan Woolen Co. — Cumberland Mill — Union Water-Power Co. — Lewiston Machine Co. — Gay- Woodman Co. — Jordan, Frost & Co. — Lewiston Bobbin Shoii— H. H. Dickey & Son — Lewiston Monumental Works — Other Manufactures. Chapter XIX 395 Railroads — County and State Agricultural Societies — Fire Department — Lewiston Gas Light Co.— Manufacturers and Mechanics Library Association — Lewiston City Buildings — City Park — Soldiers' Monument — Lewiston Water Works — Lewiston & Auburn Horse Rail- road—First National Bank — Manufacturers National Bank — Androscoggin County Savings Bank — People's Savings Bank^Board of Trade — Central Maine General Hospital — French Hospital — Y. M. C. A. — Nealey Rifles — Frye Light Guards — Associations. Chapter XX 406 Physicians — Merchants — Business Interests — Personal Sketches — Resume. LISBON.— (By Asa P. Moore, Esq.). Chapter XXI 433 Early Boundaries — Petitions — Town of Bowdoin — Incorporation of Thompsonborough — Situation, Limits, and Formation — Surface and Soil — Description— Old Houses— Education — Occupation of First Settlers — Early History — Other Settlers and Descendants — Early Mills — War of 1812 — Physicians — First Town Meeting of Thompsonborough — School Districts — Extracts from Town Records — Action in the Civil War — Civil List. Chapter XXII 450 Religious Societies — Free Baptists — Congregationalists — Universalists — IVIethodists— Bap- tist Church of Lisbon Falls — The Roman Catholic Church. Chapter XXIII 456 Lisbon Business Interests — Traders, etc. — Farwell's Cotton Mills— The Farnsworth Co. — New England Mineral Paint Co. — Personal Sketches — Lisbon Falls — Worumbo Manu- facturing Co. — The Androscoggin Water-Power Co. — Lisbon Falls Fibre Co. — Lisbon Falls Cooperative Association — Lisbon Falls Creamery Association — Merchants, etc. — Personal Sketches. WEBSTER. Chapter XXIV 468 Incorporation — Elevations, Ponds, and Streams — Grants, Surveys, and Soil — Settlers — Early Roads — Some First Things — Early Values — First Magistrates — Lawyers — Physicians — Other Settlers and Descendants — First Town Meeting and Excerpts from Town Records — Webster in the Civil War — Civil List. viii Contents. Chapter XXV 477 Sabattus — Saw and Grist Mills — Niles's Mills — Webster M^oolen Co. — Traders, etc.— Sabattus CcxJperative Association— Webster Corner— Farmers— Churches— Schools. WALES.— (By John C. Fogg, Esq.). Chapter XXVI 485 Organization- Surface and Soil— Settlements and Settlers— Churches— Schools— Mills and Manufactures— Civil List and Town Records— Action in the Kebellion. GREENE. Chapter XXVII 499 Area— Boundaries— Elevations— Ponds— Soil— Productions— The First Settlers— Petition for Incorporation— Remonstrance Against Incorporation— Incorporation— Development of Business— Pearly Conveyances— Valuation and Residents in 1818— Lots and Occupants in 1820— Gleanings from Town Records — Early Action Concerning Schools. Chapter XXVIII 511 Settlers and Descendants. Chapter XXIX 529 Baptist Church — First Meeting-House— First Church Bell — Universalism — Free Baptist Church —Methodists — Adventists— Schools and Teachers — Temperance — Revolution — War of 1812 — Madawaska War— Rebellion — Centennial— Longevity — Burying Grounds — Physi- cians — Orcliardiiig and Orchardists— Merchants — Some Smart Things Done by Greene Men- Natives of Greene Attaining Prominence — Civil List. LEEDS. Chapter XXX 550 Boundaries— Formation-Surface and Soil— Dead River— Its Peculiarities— Indian Vil- lage—Thomas and Roger Stinchfield— Early Settlers— Heads of Families in the First Part of this Century— Character of the Early Settlers— Soldiers of the Revolutionary War and War of 1812— Early Roads. Chapter XXXI 557 Excerpts from Town Records— First Town Meeting— First Officers— Action in the Civil War— Civil List. Chapter XXXII. 562 The First Baptist Church — Universalism — Methodism — The First Freewill Baptist Church— The Quakers— Schools— Temperance— Mills— Other Industries— Sketches. EAST LIVERMORE.— (By Cyrus Knapp, Esq.). Chapter XXXIII 584 Incorporation— Topography— Li vermore Falls — Early Mills — Freshet— Early Business Places and Residences— Advent of the Railroad— Hotels and Stores— Dr Millett and Lawyer Knapp — Toll Bridge — Railroad Extension — Mills and Manufacturing — Churches — I. O. G. T.— Camp-Ground— Physicians— Lawyers— Civil List— Personal Sketches. Contents. ix CITIES AND TOWNS-WESTERN DIVISION. AUBURN. Chapter XXXIV 599 Auburn— Indian Occupancy— Territory — Title— Surface— Soil— Early Settlers and Lots — Incorporation— Action and Growth— Goff's Corner — Early Settlements— Stores and Trad- ers — The Carpet Factory — First Teacher— First Hotel — Increase in Values— Business Houses in 1851— Formation of Androscoggin County— The Great Fire— Auburn Village Corporation- Auburn Village in 1859— East Auburn— West Auburn— North Auburn— Stevens Mills— New Auburn. Chapter XXXV 611 City of Auburn. — Its Growth and Prosperity — Extracts from Official Reports, etc. — Statistics — Action in the Rebellion — Civil List. Chapter XXXVI 027 Early Shoe Manufacturing— Progress from 1800 to 1870 — Manufacturers Twenty Years Ago— Statistics from 1871 to 1881— Manufacturers Ten Years Ago— From 1881 to 1891— Shoe and Other Manufactories, January, 1891 — The Shoe Companies — Other Manufacturing — Minor Industries, etc. Chapter XXXVII 642 Auburn Bank — First National Bank — Auburn Savings Bank — National Shoe and Leather Bank — Mechanics Savings Bank — American Banking and Trust Co. — Auburn Trust Co. — Municipal Court — Board of Trade — Maine Benefit Association — Auburn Loan and Building Association — Androscoggin Land Association — Lake Auburn Fish Protective Association — Auburn Aqueduct Co. — Little Androscoggin Water- Power Co. — Lewiston and Auburn Electric Light Co. — Physicians — Leading Traders — Merchants and Business Men — Organ- izations. Chapter XXXVIIT 657 Universalist Churches — Congregational Churches — Baptist Churches — Free Baptist Church — Methodist Episcopal Churches — Episcopal Church — Y. M. C. A. — Schools — Ladies' Charitable Society — Auburn Art Club — Associated Charities — Public Library. DANVILLE.— (By George Thomas Little). Chapter XXXIX 691 Municipal Affairs — Civil List — Settlement and Social Life, etc. — Matters Ecclesiastical. Chapter XL 703 Educational History and Lewiston Falls Academy — Biographical. POLAND. Chapter XLI 716 Bakerstown. — Grant of — First Location — Origin of Name — Proprietors of — "A Town- ship Lost" — The New Grant — First Division of Lots — Action of Proprietors — Settlers and Improvements in 1783— Petit'on of Settlers, 1785 — Bridgham & Glover Purchase — Liti- gation — Final Settlement and Award to Little. Contents. Chapter XLII 725 Incorporation— Surface and Soil— Early Settlers— Hackett's Mills— Poland Corner— West Poland— Early Traders, etc.— Early Taverns— South Poland— Poland Spring— Mechanic Falls— Paper-Making— Poland Paper Company— Other Business Interests— Mechanic Falls Ledger — Physicians, etc. Chapter XLIII 7il Congregational Churches— Universalist Church— Methodist Episcopal Church— Freewill Baptist Churches— Adventism— Shakers— Baptist Church— Gleanings from Town Records- Civil List. MINOT. Chapter XLIV 757 Incorporation — Boundaries — Name— Physical Features, Soil, Population and Valuation — First Settler— Captain Daniel Bucknam and Descendants— Early and Other Settlers— Voters of 1800. Chapter XLV 768 Town Records, Happenings, etc. — Minot in the War— Civil List— Churches — Schools — Physicians. Chapter XLVI 779 Mechanic Falls — Minot Corner — West Minot — Some of Minot's Principal Farmers from 1840. DURHAM. Chapter XLVII 791 Derivation of Name — Boundaries — Surface and Soil — Royalsborough — First Plantation Meeting — Extracts from Plantation Records — Plantation Committees — Incorporation of Durham — First Town Meeting — Extracts from Town Records — War of 1812 — Rebellion — Civil List. Chapter XLVIII 796 Prominent Early and Other Settlers — Congregational Church — First Free Baptist Church — Quakers — Methodist Episcopal Church — Baptist Church — Universalists — Tem- perance — Centennial — Growth and Prosperity — Hotels, Traders, etc. TURNER. Chapter XLIX 806 Boundaries— Township Granted— Sylvester-Cauada—Names of Proprietors— Descrip- tion— Attempts at Settlement— Pioneer and Other Settlers— Inhabitants in 1780—1790— 1800 — Town Annals, etc. Chapter L 815 County Roads and Taverns— Industries, Traders, etc.— Tu'uer Village— Turner Centre- North Turner— Keen's Mills— Chase's Mills— Bridges— Civi,' List. Contents. xi Chapter LI 825 Ecclesiastical — Congregationalism — The Baptists — Universalism — Methodist Episcopal Church — Meeting-Houses — Schools — Temperance — Physicians — Lawyers — Centennial — Something About Some of the People. LIVERMORE. Chapter LII. 842 Situation— Soil — Incorporation — First Meeting and Names of Proprietors — Extracts from Proprietors' Records— Something Concerning the Earliest Settlers — Early Boundaries — What Paul Coffin Writes of the People — Other Settlers, etc. Chapter LIII 856 Excerpts from Town Records— Early Mills— Early Traders and Tradesmen — Livermore Village— North Livermore — Livermore Centre — Farmers — Revolutionary Soldiei's — Early Militia — War of 1812 — Civil War — Ecclesiastical — Physicians and Lawyers — Education— The Norlands — Washburn Memorial Library — Civil List. Appendix — Knights of Pythias 873 ILLUSTRATIONS AND BIOGRAPHIES. PAGE Lewiston City Hall, 189L Frontispiece. Hathorn Hall, 183 Cobb Divinity School, 191 Hedge Laboratory, 200 Edward Little, Esq 310 Hon. Josiah Little, 313 Hon. Edward T. Little, 315 Hon. Nahum Morrill, 320 Hon. W. W. Bolster, 322 Hon. William P. Frye, LL.D., 327 Col. Franklin M. Drew, 330 Hon. Albert R. Savage, 334 The First City Hall of Lewiston 343 Hon. Alonzo Garcelon, A.M., M.D., 420 Hon. Nelson Dingley, Jr., A.M., LL.D 422 Oren B. Cheney, D.D 426 Hon. J. L. H. Cobb, 429 Cyrus I. Barker 432 xii Contents. Hon. William D. Pennell 432 b Hon. Augustus Sprague, 544 Gen. Aaron S. Daggett, 546 Capt. Jabez Pratt 548 Hon. Leavitt Lothrop, 576 Giddings Lane, 577 Isaac Boothby, Jr., 579 F. D. Millett, 580 Isaiah B. Additon, 582 Albion Ricker Millett, M.D., 596 Residence of Charles L. Cushman, 599 Court Street Factory of Ara Cushman Co., 634 Edwanl Little High School, G76 Ara Cushman, 684 Residence of Ara Cushman, 686 William W. Stetson, Ph.D., 688 Albert M. Penley 690a Hon. Adna C. Denison, 754 Josiah A. Bucknam, 788 SOMETHING ABOUT SOME OF THE PEOPLE. PAGE Hon. James Lowell, 415 Col. John M. Frye, 415 Maj. William R. Frye 415 Edward P. Tobie 416 Capt. Daniel Holland, 416 John Read, Esq., 417 Hon. Jacob B, Ham, 417 Prof. Thomas H. Rich, A.M., 418 I!enj. E. Bates, 428 Arcliie Lee Talbot, 432 c Hon. Jesse Davis 458 James Maxwell 473 Samuel Simmons 473 Rev. Moses H. Harris, A.M., D.D., 5J8 Rev. Herbert Lee Stetson, D.D., 52o Contents. xiii Hon. Elijah Barrell 524 Alfred Pierce, M.D. 525 The Howards, 572 Rev. Samuel Boothby, 575 Capt. Ezekiel Treat 597 Jacob H. Roak 628 Rev. James Drummond, 664 Rev. A. S. Ladd, _ 672 James Goff, 679 Daniel Briggs, 679 John Dingley, (iSO Nathan Haskell, 681 Capt. Aaron Bird, 681 Col. Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, 681 David R. Loring, 682 Col. Thomas Llttlefield, 683 Andrevr Robinson Giddinge, 713 Capt. John Penley 715 Hon. Josiah Dunn, 727 Daniel W. True 730 The Rickers, 735 Dr. Moses R. Pulsifer, 740 Rev. Zenas Thompson 745 Luther Perkins, 756 Capt. Daniel Bucknam, 758 Samuel Verrill, 762 Capt. William Ladd 763 Eliab Washburn 764 Capt. Jacob Dwinal, • . . . . 781 Gideon Bearce, 787 Jacob Leavitt, *8t58^ Ichabod Bonney 810 Benjamin Conant, 812 Rev. Charles Turner, .825 Col. William Turner 825 Rev. John Strickland 826 Rev. William E. French, A.M., D.D., 830 Rev. Madison K. Mabry, 831 Ezekiel Bradford, 835 Major General Alden Blossom, 836 xiv Contents. David Hale, 836 Hon. Eugene Hale, 836 Hon. Job Prince 837 Hon. Rufus Prince, 837 Solon Chase 838 Hon. Jesse Drew, . 840 Deacon Elijah Livermore, 845 Lieut. Samuel Benjamin, 845 Gen. David Learned, 847 The Monroe Brothers, 849 Hastings Strickland 850 Nathaniel Perley 852 The Washburns 853 Dr. Cyrus Hamlin 868 Dr. Benjamin Bradford, 868 Hon. Timothy O. Howe, 869 HISTORY OF ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY, MAINE, CHAPTER I. THE COUNTY OF ANDROSCOGGIN. Territory — Organization — Towns Included— Name^Location and Area — Agriculture, Population, and Valuation — Manufactures and Wealth — Census Statistics — Financial Con- dition from Organization — State Tax, 1890 and 1891. THE territory of Androscoggin county was comprised first in York county. Cumberland and Lincoln counties were formed June 19, 1760, the boundary between them being the Androscoggin river "north of where it enters the county as now bounded on the south." Kennebec county was organized from the northern part of Lincoln, February 20, 1799, with East Livermore, Greene, Leeds, and Wales in its limits. Oxford county was created March 4, 1805, from the northern part of Cumberland and York, and Livermore and Turner were incorporated with it. When Androscoggin county was organized, March 18, 1854, it acquired its territory from Cumberland, Kennebec, Oxford, and Lincoln counties. Auburn, Danville, Durham, Minot, and Poland were taken from Cumberland; East Livermore, Greene, Leeds, and Wales from Kennebec; Lewiston, Lisbon, and Webster from Lincoln; Livermore and Turner from Oxford. Many of these towns have had a cor- porate existence for years, some of them antedating the Revolution. The name of the principal river of the county was appropriately given to the new organization. 1 1 Androscoggin, acco'-aug to one authority, comes from the Algonquin Am-a-ra-skah-gin, the turbi'l -j^-jaKrAing, crooked nake. This later became Amerascoggin, Amoscoggin, and Androscoggin. Captain John Smith in l(i}.called the river Aumouchawgan. Another authority derives Amoscoggin 18 History of Androscoggin County. Androscoggin county lies between 43° 50' and 44° 30' north latitude, and 69° 45' and 70° 30' longitude west of Greenwich. It is irregular in form, has its greatest lengtli from north to south, and occupies an area of about four hundred square miles. The Androscoggin river flows through the county in a southerly direction, dividing it into two nearly equal parts, and with its tributaries affords magnificent water-power for manufacturing purposes. Originally the surface of the county was covered with a mighty growth of pine and other valuable timber, and lumbering was the piincipal employment. As the forests disappeared agriculture became the business of the people, and, as the soil was unsurpassed in the southern half of the state, prosperity attended their labors. The development of the water-powers and the attrac- tion of capital to manufacturing enterprises has caused an outlay of millions of dollars in these industries in the last forty years, and many more people and much more capital is employed in manufactures than in all other branches of business. In consequence of this development the growth has been rapid. In 1860 the county had 29,715 inhabitants; in 1870, 35,826; in 1880, 44,967 in 1890, 48,968. Population and Valuation hif Towns. — 1850. Auburn, population, 2,840 valuation, $400,605. Danville, 1,636; $308,715. Durham, 1,894; $376,358 East Livermore, 892; $150,035. Greene, 1,347; $220,984. Leeds, 1,652 $225,330. Lewiston, 3,854 ; $580,420. Lisbon, 1,494 ; $263,167. Livermore 1,764; $271,634. Minot, 1,734 ; $297,184. Poland, 2,660 ; $333,108. Wales 612; $111,632. Webster, 1,110; $194,439. Total population, 25,746 ; valua- tion, $4,152,503. 1860. Auburn, 5,344; $1,224,070. Durham, 1,620; $459,376. East Livermore, 1,029; $301,702. Greene, 1,224; $338,402. Lewiston, 7,424; $2,426,374. Lisbon, 1,376; $404,016. Leeds, 1,390; $333,035. Livermore, 1,597; $430,779. Minot, 1,799; $546,581. Poland, 2,746 ; $517,671. Turner, 2,682; $748,218. Wales, 602; $188,642. Webster, 890; $312,015. 1870. Auburn, 6,169; $2,918,101. Durham, 1,350; $482,861. East Livermore, 1,004; $388,680. Greene, 1,094; $439,629. Lewiston, 13,000; $8,813,629. Lisbon, 2,014; $741,092. Leeds, 1,288; $456,348. Livermore, 1,467; $524,267. Minot, 1,569; i!610,511. Poland, 2,436 ; $765,960. Turner, 2,380; $815,684. Wales, 556; $229,359. Webster, 939; $406,434. 1880. Auburn, 9,555; $5,099,446. Durham, 1,253 ; $422,724. East Liver- more, 1,080; $344,092. Greene, 999; $394,260. Lewiston, 19,083; $9,521,103. Lisbon, 2,641; $1,115,760. Leeds, 1,194; $415,486. Livermore, 1,262; $430,- 709. Minot, 1,763; $720,549. Poland, 2,442; $920,057. Turner, 2,285; $748,856. Wales, 505; $198,578. Webster, 980; $445,353. from Jiamura, fish; kank-skow-he-fjan, spearing— fish spearing. Others stil -^ay Amoscoggin means "fish coming in the spring." The name of the river, Androscoggin, was "-^ ^Pplied i^'oneAfl^a- gunticook Indians, wliose headquarters at tliat time was in this valley. The County of Androscoggin. 19 1890. Auburn, 11,250; $6,195,750. Durham, 1,111; $378,240. East Livermore, 1,506 ; $498,740. Greene, 885 ; $329,583. Leeds, 999 ; $331,006. Lewiston, 21,701 ; $12,144,494. Lisbon, 3,120 ; $1,^36,411. Livermore, 1,151 ; $458,925. Minot, 1,355; $752,146. Poland, 2,472; $1,133,890. Turner, 2,016 ; $764,215. Wales, 488; $206,570. Webster, 914 -; $432,447. The number of manufacturing establishments in 1880 was 253, having a capital of $12,009,562 and employing an average of 10,214 hands, aud with an annual product of $14,789,963, while the assessed valuation of the real estate of the county was but $17,265,353, which, with $3,511,620 valuation of personal property, makes the total valuation $20,776,973, not quite one and one-half times the annual output of the manufactories. In 1880 Androscoggin county had 2,981 farms with 244,781 acres of land, of which 159,937 acres were improved, 69,900 acres in woodland and forest, and 14,934 acres were unimproved. The aggregate value of these farms was $6,119,332, including land, fences, and buildings ; of farming implements and machinery, $286,974 ; live stock, $703,680 ; estimated value of farm products, $1,207,634. Tliese farms yielded, according to the census of 1880, 9,057 bushels of barley, 2,074 bushels of buckwheat, 79,778 bushels of Indian corn, 99,523 bushels of oats,' 1,152 bushels of rye, 14,795 bushels of wheat, 245,696 bushels of potatoes, 65,297 pounds of wool, 4,529 pounds of hops, 9,091 bushels of beans, 50,574 tons of hay, 354,274 dozens of eggs, 3,368 pounds of honey, 519,163 gallons of milk, 776,062 pounds of butter, 149,069 pounds of cheese, and $95,188 in orchard products. The live stock numbered 4,236 horses, 1,869 working oxen, 8,733 milch cows, 5,907 other cattle, 13,160 sheep, and 5,191 swine. The financial condition of the county, as given by the annual statement of the county treasurer, is here presented. In 1854 the receipts were $5,782.50 ($2,000 a loan from Cumberland Bank). The expenses were $3,679.25. In 1855 $8,000 taxes were assessed on towns; licenses granted, $120; fines and costs collected, $554.60; jury fees, $126 ; lawyers' admission fees, $40. The bills allowed this year included October term (1854), $187.25; April term (1855), $873.74; October term (1855), $3,348.75. The sheriff's bills were $502.25 ; jury fees, $2,443.31 ; con- stables' fees, $147. The county paid the loan of $2,000 made in 1854 and borrowed $3,227.75. 1856. — Taxes assessed, $10,000 ; licenses granted, $100 ; county fines and costs, $274; fines by magistrates, $86.71; jury fees, $91; attorneys' admission, fees, $100. The county commissioners issued bonds of $80,000, bearing six per cent, interest, to cover cost of erecting the county buildings. 1857. — Liabilities: Temporary loans, $7,121.61 ; allowances by the several courts unpaid, $2,951.46 ; balance due treasurer on settlement, $457.80; bonds sold, $87,300. Resourees: Unpaid taxes, $4,923.31; unsold bonds, 20 History of Androscoggin County. $2,253.18; due from state, 1815.60. 1SF>S.—Liahimes: Bonds, $100,000; loans, $5,075; allowances by court unpaid, $1,228.55. Resources: Cash, 11,386.45; unpaid taxes, $4,957.05. 1859.— Liahaifies: Bonds, $100,000; loans, $3,000 ; court allowances, $1,729.14. Resources : Cash, $1,645.14 ; taxes, $3,260.89. 18m.— Liabilities: Bonds, $100,000; loans, $2,600; court allow- ances, $956.58. Resources: Cash, $1,405.75; unpaid taxes, $2,646.24. imi.—LiahlUties: Bonds, $100,000; loans, $4,125; court allowances, $935.95. Resources: Unpaid taxes, $1,983.80 ; cash, $937.31. 18Q2.—LiaUli- ties: Bonds, $99,000 ; loans, $5,095 ; court allowances, $1,115.98. Resources: Taxes, $2,673.30; cash, $2,284. 186S.—LiahiUties: Bonds, $97,500; loans, $6,475; court allowances, $1,657.69. Resources: Taxes, $3,871.01; cash, $2,085.01. 1864:.—LiaMlities: Bonds, $96,100 ; loans, $9,810 ; bills, $951.93. Resources: Taxes, $6,856.88; cash, $3,721.12. 186b.—LiahiUties: Bonds (county buildings), $94,600; bonds (for purchase of toll-bridge), $7,500; loans, $1,327. Resources: Taxes, $1,347.18 ; cash, $4,313.22. 186Q.— Liabili- ties: Bonds (county buildings), $93,000 ; toll-bridge, $6,200 ; loans, $1,932.96 ; bills, $2,329.16. Resources: Taxes, $2,957.85; cash, $245.93 ; due (from sale of toll-house and lot), $600. 1867. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $91,300; toll-bridge bonds, $4,850; loans, $12,039.27; bills, $3,783.38. Re- sources: Taxes, $3,626.30; cash, $1,269.90; due (from sale of toll-house and lot), $450; rent due, $60. 1868. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $89,500; bonds for toll-bridge, $3,750; loans and interest, $8,704.81 ; claims and salaries, $2,981.33. Resources: Cash, $274.39; due (from sale of toll- house and lot), $317.25; rent, $60. 18Q9.— Liabilities: Bonds (county build- ings), $87,600 ; toll-bridge, $2,100; loans and estimated interest, $400; bills and salaries, $2,459.73., Resources: Cash, $1,058.68; due (on toll-house), $149.25. 1810.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $85,600; loans and interest, $21,928.73; claims and salaries, $895.37. Resources: $1,671.55. 1871. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $83,500; loans and interest, $12,596.11; claims and salaries, $990.02. Resources: Taxes, $54.39; cash, $416.56. 1812.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings), $81,300; loans and interest, $2,306.11: claims and salaries, $893.60. Resources: Cash, $2,623.41. 1873. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $79,000; loans and interest, $3,938.52; claims and salaries, $1,605.50. Resources: Cash, $126.08; due (from Auburn and Lewiston Ixailroad), $54.80. 1874. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $76,600 ; loans and interest, $10,699.44 ; fees and salaries, $1,900.64. Resources: Cash, $176.22; due (from labor of prisoners), $360. 1875. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), $74,100; loans and hiterest, $32,331; fees and salaries, $2,898.73. Resources: Cash, $6,027.57; due (from other counties), $367.42; other debts, $170.90; stock, shoes, tools, and machinery in workshop, $7,544.06. 181 Q.— Liabilities: Bonds (county build- ings), $71,500; loans and interest, $33,052; fees and salaries, $4,705.66. The County of Androscoggin. 21 Resources: Cash, 11,986.50; stock, shoes, tools, and machinery, 19,598.51; due (from stock and shoes sold), -1903.55. 1877. — .LiabiUties: Bonds (county buildings), 168,800 ; loans and interest, -134,263.35 ; fees and salaries, -f 2,478.48. Resources: Cash, -'$1,761.85; taxes, -1517.80 ; stock, tools, machinery, etc., -|>6,300; due (for goods sold), -f 279.48. 1818.— LiabiUties: Bonds (county buildings), -|>66,000 ; loans and interest, -f 37,963.54 ; fees and salaries, -11,184.20. Resources: Cash, -11,417.46; taxes, -1767.72; stock, machinery, etc., -15,724.28; due (for goods sold), -1651.83. 1879. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), -163,100 ; five per cent, bonds (1879), -140,000 ; fees and salaries, $1,362.39. Resources : Cash, -16,994.76 ; taxes, -1263.70 ; stock, machinery, etc., -f4,352.93 ; due (for goods sold), -t622.97. 1880.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), 160,100; bonds of 1879, -140,000; fees and salaries, 1824.18. Resources: Cash, -t7,522.11; stock, machinery, etc., $2,424.09; goods sold, -1412.34; taxes, -fl,318.70. 1881.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), 157,000; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees, salaries, etc., -$934.92. Resources: Cash, $10,643.61; stock, machinery, etc., $2,881.81 ; goods sold, -$405.29 ; taxes, $900. 1882.— Liabili- ties : Bonds (county buildings), -$53,800; bonds of 1879, $40,000; fees, salaries, etc., -$1,270.64. Resources: Cash, -$12,048.69 ; stock, machinery, etc., $2,248.24; due (for goods sold), -$37.77; taxes, .$5,856.16. 188^.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings), $50,500; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees, salaries, etc., -$1,051.12. Resources : Cash, $20,532.67 ; stock, machinery, etc., $2,733.40 ; taxes, -$420.37. 1884:.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings), -$47,100; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees, etc., -$2,391.56. Resources: Cash, -$20,302; stock, machinery, etc., $2,054.23 ; taxes, $753.29 ; due (from other counties), $372.48. 1885. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), -$43,600; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees and coupons, $1,192.51. Resources: Cash, $22,890.70; tools, machinery, etc., -$500; taxes, $1,151.44; due (from other counties), $99.32. 188Q.— Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), -$40,000; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees unpaid, $896.03; coupons unpaid, -$134.50. Resources: Cash, $25,159.30 ; machinery, etc., $700 ; taxes, -$503.66 ; due (from other counties and for rent), $296.08. 1881 .—Liahilities : Bonds (county buildings), $36,300; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; fees, etc., $1,862.54; coupons, -$368. Resources: Cash, -$18,511.18; stock, machinery, etc., $8,355.87; taxes, $927.58; due (from other counties), -$164.49. 1888. — Liabilities: Bonds (county buildings), -$32,400 ; bonds of 1879, -$40,000 ; coupons, $226 ; fees, -$412.11 ; bills, $114.83 ; workshop expenses due, $91.40. Resources: Cash, $22,569.44; machinery, stock, etc., $1,889.48 ; due (for goods sold), $600.56 ; due (from other counties), $83.40; rent of workshop, -$40. 1889.— Liabilities : Bonds (county buildings,) -$28,500; bonds of 1879, -$40,000; coupons, -$111.50; fees, bills, etc., -$559.54. Resources: Cash, $29,863; machinery, accounts, etc., $1,347.98; due (from other counties), $337.05 ; taxes, $300 ; forfeited fees, $104.76. 189().—Liabili- 22 HiSTOKY OF Androscoggin County. ties: Bonds (county buildings), 124,500; bonds of 1879 issue, 140,000; fees and bills, •ii?679.94. RemurceH: Cash in treasury, -f!30,129.13; tools and machinery, *700; due from other counties, '1465.45; forfeited fees, 168.68. The balance against the county December 31, 1889, was *37,217.56 ; Decem- ber 31, 1890, ■1:^33,816.68, showing a reduction of the county debt in 1890 amounting to 't3,400.88. The state tax for the towns of the county for 1890 and 1891 is here given : — ^ 1890. 1891. Auburn, $11,496.9.5 $17,067.34 Durham, 954.49 1,043.18 East Livermore, 776.89 1,370.20 Greene, 889.88 908.92 Leeds, 938.24 913.09 Lewiston, 21,457.00 33,447.36 Lisbon, 2,517.23 4,.508.59 Livermore, 973.07 1,265.80 Minot, 1,625.97 2,072.69 Poland, 2,077.27 3,123.24 Turner, 1,695.52 2,107.86 Wales, 448.15 569.65 Webster, 1,004.65 1,191.82 $46,85 L31 $69,589.74 CHAPTER II. GEOLOGY. Rock Formations — Unstratilied or Igneous Rocks -^Stratified Rocks — Formations in Maine — Age of Ice — Glacial Drift — Lower and Upper Till — Champlain Period — Modi- fled Drift — Surface Geology —Drift Period — Beacb and Terrace Periods, etc. — Montalbau or White Mountain Formation — Tourmalines and Associate Minerals — Pratt's Cave — Gneiss — Mica Schist — Saccharoid Azoic Limestone — Dunes, etc. Tt CCORDING to geology the earth was formerly a mass of molten matter LI like lava, assuming its present shape while in this plastic form. The JL -L intense cold of the ethereal space through which it revolved cooled the surface, and a crust formed, which, as soon as it was thick enough for water to accumulate upon it, was worn away by its action in the higher portions and the detritus deposited in the lowest. This original mass and all igneous rocks are called unstratified. The rocks formed by the deposition of the worn fragments of the original surface are Geology. 23 called stratified, because arranged in layers like a pile of boards. Clay, sand, gravel, and the calcareous deposits of mineral springs are the origin of most of the stratified rocks. These become consolidated into slates, sandstones, conglomerates, and limestones, the newer rocks being less compact and more easily crumbled than the older ones. Those formed under similar circumstances in the same geological period are called a fonnation. Some great force has been working for ages steadily pushing these originally horizontal formations into great curves, tipping them up at various angles, some layers even standing vertically. Unstratified or Igneous Rocks. — These are divided into three groups: Granitic, Trappean, Volcanic. The first contains granite, sienite, and proto- gine ; the second porphyry, greenstone, amygdaloid, etc. ; the third basalt, trachite, pumice, tufa, and kindred volcanic productions. Stratified Rocks. — These have two divisions, Unfossiliferous and Fossil- iferous. The unfossiliferous are the oldest rocks and are of great thickness, though not so thick as the miles of fossiliferous rocks overlying them. They are Azoic (without life) and classed as Laurent ian. The fossiliferous rocks form three great systems: Paleozoic, containing the oldest forms of life; Mesozoic, bearing the types of the middle periods of life ; Cainozoic, with recent forms or fossils. The Paleozoic has six divisions : Permian^ Carbon- iferous, Devonian (Old Red Sandstone), Upper Silurian, Lower Silurian, Cambrian (Huronian). The Mesozoic has Cretaceous rocks with green sand ; Oolites or Jurassic, etc. ; Triassic (New Red Sandstone). The Cainozoic rocks include all Alluvium (with drift) and Tertiary formations. Rock Formations in Maine. — They are both metainorpliic (i.e., changed from the original sandstones, shales, conglomerates, and limestones by the action of lieat, water, and chemical forces into other kinds of rock than their first character) a,nd fossiliferous. These metamorphic stratified rocks occur: gneiss, mica schist, talcose schist, steatite, and serpentine, saccharoid azoic limestone, clay slate, quartz, and conglomerates, jasper, siliceous slate, and hornstone. The unstratified rocks are mostly granite, sienite, protogine, porphyry, trap or greenstone, and eurite. The fossiliferous rocks are Paleozoic, except some marine alluvial deposits, and represent the Lower Silurian, Upper Silurian, Devonian, and Drift and Alluvium groups. Professor C. H. Hitchcock gives, as his present arrangement of the forma- tions in Maine : (1) Champlain clays (tertiary) ; (2) Glacial drift (till) ; (3) Lower Carboniferous or Upper Devonian ; (4) Lower Devonian (Oriskany group) ; (5) Upper Silurian ; (6) Silurian and Cambrian clay slates ; (7) Cambrian and Huronian with Taconic ; (8) Montalban ; (9) Laurentian ; (10) Granite ; (11) Trap and altered slates. The Age of Ice. — It is, perhaps, desirable to devote some space in this volume to the Age of Ice, as in this period and those immediately following 24 History of Androscoggin County. when the colossal ice-sheet, which was so thick that the tops of Mounts Washington and Katahclin were deeply covered, was removed, the surface, soil, and water-courses of the county were formed, the lakes established in their boundaries, and the conditions necessary to civilized occupancy were arranged and prepared. The indications of a glacial period are probably as well shown in this section of New England as anywhere in the world. Underlying the modified drift are often found masses of earth and rocks mingled confusedly together, having neither stratification nor any appearance of having been deposited in water. These are the filarial drift, or till. This drift frequently covers the slopes, and even the summits, of the highest mountains, as well as the lesser elevations. It contains bowlders of all sizes, up to thirty feet in diameter, which have nearly all been carried southward from their native ledges, and can be traced, in some instances, for a hundred miles, southward or south- eastward. Wherever till occurs, the ledges have mostly been worn to a rounded form, and, if the rock be hard, it is covered with long scratches, or Htrice, in the direction of the course taken by the bowlders. Geology now refers these to a moving ice-sheet which spread over this continent from the north, and, as before stated, was of sufficient thickness to cover even Mount Washington. This ice-sheet was so much thicker at the north than in this latitude that its great weight pressed the ice steadily onward and outward to the south-southeast. The termination of this ice-sheet in the Atlantic, south- east of New England, was probably like the great ice-wall of the Antarctic continent, along which Sir J. C. Ross sailed 450 miles, finding only one point low enough to allow the smooth white plain of the upper surface to be seen from the mast-head. This extended, apparently boundless, and was of dazzling wliiteness. There was a long, continuous period of glacial action, with times of retreat and advance, but never a complete departure and return of a continental ice-sheet. The motion of this ice, being caused by its own weight, must have been slow indeed. Over the highlands between the St Lawrence river and Hudson bay the ice^sheet was three or four miles in thickness ; over Greenland much thicker, and over Maine it reached nearly or quite to the line of per- petual snow. The till, or coarse glacial drift, was made by the long-continued wearing and grinding of the ice-sheet. As this slowly advanced, fragments were torn from the ledges, held in the bottom of the ice, and worn by friction upon the surface over wliich it moved. This material, crushed beneath the ice into minute fragments or fine powder, is called the Lower Till. While the lower till was being made under the ice, large quantities of coarse and fine matter were swept away from hill-slopes and mountain-sides, and carried forward in tlie ice. As this melted, much of this matter fell loosely on the surface, forming an unstratified deposit of gravel, earth, and bowlders. This Geology. 25 deposit geologists call the Upper Till. Usually this is found above the lower till, the line of separation being at a distance of from two to twenty feet. The departure of the ice-sheet was attended by a rapid deposition of the abundant materials therein contained. The retreat of the ice-sheet was toward the northwest and north, and it is probable that its final melting took place mostly on the surface, so that, at the last, great amounts of its deposits were exposed to the washing of many streams. The finer particles were generally carried away, and the strong current of the glacial rivers transported coarse gravel and bowlders of considerable size. When these streams entered the valley from which the ice had retreated, or their currents were slackened by less rapid descent, a deposition took place, where the channel was still walled by ice, in succession of coarse gravel, fine gravel, sand, and fine silt or clay. These deposits filled the valleys, and increased in depth in the same way that additions are now made to the bottom- lands or intervals of our large rivers by the floods of spring. They are called Modified Drift and geology gives this name to the period from the departure of the ice-sheet to the present. This modified drift comprises the intervals which are annually overflowed, and the successive terraces which rise in steps upon the sides of the valleys, the highest often forming extensive plains. Dr Dana has given the name of Champlain Period to the time of the deposition of the modified drift during the melting of the ice-sheet. During the Champlain period, the ice became molded upon the surface, by the process of destruction, into great basins or valleys ; at the last, the passages through which the melting waters passed off came gradually to coincide with the depressions of the present surface. These lowest and warmest portions of the land were first freed from the ice ; and, as the melted area slowly extended into the continental glacier, its vast floods found their outlet at the head of the existing valley. In these channels were deposited materials gathered by the streams from the melting glacier. By the low water of winter, layers of sand were formed, and by the strong currents of summer, layers of gravel, often very coarse. These layers are irregularly bedded, here sand, and there gravel, accumulating, and interstratified without much order with each other. These, the oldest of our deposits of modified drift, are long ridges, or intermixed short ridges and mounds, composed of very coarse water-worn gravel, or of alternate gravel and sand irregularly bedded. Wherever the ordinary fine alluvium occurs, it overlies or partly covers these deposits. The geological name for these is Karnes. The extensive level plains and high terraces bordering the riverg were also deposited in the Champlain period, as the open valleys became gradually filled with great depths of gravel, sand, and clay (alluvium), which were brought down by the glacier rivers from the melting ice-sheet, or washed from 2G History of Androscoggin County. the till after the ice had retreated, and which were deposited in the same way as those made by high floods at the present day. Daring the recent or terrace period, the rivers have cut deep and wide channels in this alluvium, and the terraces mark heights at which, in their work of erosion, they have left portions of their successive flood-plains. Modified drift in Maine occurs in the form of moraine terraces, horsebacks, sea-beaches, sea-bottoms, marine clays, and terraces. Moraine terraces are generally accumulations of gravel, bowlders, and sand, often arranged in heaps and hollows, or conical and irregular elevations with corresponding depressions. They somewhat resemble the moraines of glaciers, but differ from them in their stratification and existence in localities where glaciers could not have formed them. They derive their name from their aflinity with both moraines and terraces. Moraine terraces are not numerous in this state, tlieir place in most cases being taken b}^ the horsebacks, a curious class of alluvial ridges, here found in numbers, while they scarcely occur out of the state. They are narrow ridges of coarse gravel and sand, from thirty to forty feet high, with sometimes an undulating summit and with the ends of nearly the same elevation. They exist in a level country almost invariably, although the road from Poland Springs to Mechanic Falls appears to [)ass along the top of one for some distance. Surface Geology. — Professor C. H. Hitchcock says that probably since the tertiary period the whole of Maine, and with it all the northern part of North America, has been depressed under the ocean at least as high as the top of Mount Katahdin, or five thousand feet lower than it is now. Subse- quently the continent rose gradually to its present altitude, and while the country was being drained deposits were produced. Drift was principally formed by icebergs and glaciers conjoined when the continent was sinking and rising again. The forms of modified drift were produced largely by the aid of rivers and currents. The Drift Period. — When the continent was submerged, northerly currents brought icebergs over its northern portions, wliich greatly lowered the temper- ature, and glaciers would form on mountains comparatively low, reaching to the ocean, as now in the Arctic Zone. The enormous icebergs, moving southerly, would grate powerfully upon the bottom of the sea, smoothing, scratching, and breaking off fragments from the prominent hills and ledges beneath, and leave a stoss and lee side upon them. When the continent was at its lowest dfepth, only one or two small islands would remain. During this submergence only icebergs could act upon the rocks; when the mountains appeared again glaciers would renew their wearing action, the water, also, would begin to wear off fragments from rough ledges and partially sort the materials collected. It is conceivable that when the continent was partly under water an unusual direction might be given to certain icebergs crowded Geology. 27 into narrow valleys, and thus produce unusual courses of striae. During this process, every part of the surface must have had a thorough washing, and few animals could have lived in this cold period. The Beach Period. — We suppose this period to commence with the formation of the highest beaches, or when the continent was 2,600 feet higher than now. The beaches would be formed as now upon the coast, at different levels, as the waters receded. This was the period when the moraine terraces and horsebacks were produced ; the former may have been formed by the accumulation of matter around masses of stranded ice ; when the ice melted, large hollows would occupy its place, and it would be a considerable time before it melted, as the sand and gravel often acts as a natural refrigerator. We even suppose that some of the ice of the drift period yet remains in certain deposits, in the vicinity of the frozen wells that are considered such curiosities. In Lewiston the evidence of a sea-beach exists two hundred feet above present tide-water. Tlie Terrace Period. — This commenced with the existence of rivers or currents of water in long estuaries. These currents accumulate materials principally along the sides of the valleys or fill them up entirely. Tides and currents would assist the rivers, and at length the top of the deposits would be at the surface, and no more matter could be added. The same agency must then deposit the detritus below the first accumulations, which will soon appear as lateral terraces. The country continuing to rise, a second and third terrace will appear, and so on as long as the same agencies act. The delta terraces being at the mouths of rivers, are composed of the materials brouglit down by the current ; when the mass has risen above the water, the river continuing to run must cut through it, and leave a terrace upon each side of its course. The principal phenomena of terraces is explained by the simple drainage of a country as it rises out of the water. We have often thought that a large part of Maine had not completed its terrace period, since the terraces are scarce and the lakes numerous. As soon as the lakes are drained, terraces appear ; some- times this is done suddenly by the bursting of a barrier — a dam for instance. During the terrace period, life, both terrestrial and marine, was abundant on the continent. To this period we refer the marine clays of the coast, and the fossil elephants and horses of the interior; though both classes lived in the historic period and are not entirely extinct. The historic period is the time when the country had attained essentially its present altitude. All the agencies that produced drift are still in operation, and both modified and unmodified deposits of drift are now being effected ; the agencies forming these two classes of deposits have run parallel to each other from the first. Man has existed on the earth a comparatively short time of the alluvial period. Researches in Europe show that the extinct mammals of the alluvium were contemporary with the earliest generations of man. Fossils in the Marine Clays. — Foraminifera are almost at the lowest end of the animal kingdom. The portion preserved are the shells, often divided 28 History of Androscoggin County. into delicate chambers. A deposit of the shells of these animals was found in the Atlantic ocean, on the bottom, several thousand feet from the surface. The beds containing these shells in the clay lie at the bottom of the marine deposits. A fossil star-fish and various shells have been found at Lewiston. They were taken from a sandy layer one hundred feet above Androscoggin river and two hundred feet above the ocean. They came from ten feet below the surface ; of these ten feet, eight were of clay, the rest being sandy. Alluvial terraces are those banks of loose materials, generally unconsolidated, which skirt the sides of the valleys about rivers, ponds, and lakes, and rise above one another like the seats of an amphitheater. Lateral terraces are the most common and are parallel to the valley, and often continue for miles along its sides. Delta terraces are the accumulations which have been formed at the mouths of streams, whether the junction of a tributary with the main stream or the meeting of the river and lake or ocean. They are seen only where the land has risen since their deposition. Terraces are not abundant in Maine, but all the large rivers have more or less, and they are often used for the sites of villages and fine residences. They are well developed in Auburn, Berwick, Brunswick, Waterville, and Lewiston. On Professor Hitchcock's "Geological Map of Maine" the territory of Androscoggin county is practically all represented in the Montalban formation, with a little section of granite delineated on the northern border. Professor Hitchcock says:^ "Beneath the Huronian are large areas of gneiss, whose age has been warmly discussed by American geologists, and are now referred to three Laureutian divisions, lower, middle, upper. I have offered the theory that these oval patches of coarse porphyritic, granitic gneiss represent the very beginnings of the continent; that these islands projected slightly out of the original primal universal ocean, and were of eruptive origin, the first ejections of melted matter upon a newly formed crust. Over twenty of these islands have been recognized in New Hampshire, and many will be discovered in Maine as soon as her crystallines are carefully examined. These gneissic masses possess a concentric structure just like modern volcanic piles, but the superior elevation of the original cone may be lost through denudation and the subsequent accumulation of detritus upon their flanks. To the middle division are properly referred much of the gneiss area in the western part of the state, and the schists, south of the Huronian, between Portland and the Penobscot river." Enumerating seven other areas he goes on: "In these areas occur the following minerals: red and green tourmaline, lepidolite, cassiterite or tin ore, amblygonite, cancrinite, sodalite, beryl, mispickel, corundum, immense sheets of muscovite mica, and many others not so characteristic. I proposed the name ' White Mountain series,' in 1869, for all tliese ancient crystallines of the Atlantic district. Latterly it seems convenient J Colby's Atlas of the State of Maine. Colby & Stuart. Houlton, Me. Geology. 29 to restrict the use of this term, or its equivalent, Montalban, to the uppermost group of schists, whose best known development is in the Presidential range of the White Mountains. The group is characterized by a deficiency in the amount of feldspar, and often the mineral fibrolite or andalusite is disseminated through the rock." Tourmalines and Associated Grems. — In 1820 the first of those rare gems — tourmalines — discovered in Maine (and which have made this portion of the state so noted) was found, a transparent green crystal, among the dull feldspar and quartz, on the surface of an unpretending hill in Paris, called Mount Mica, by two students, who in their first search found thirty or more splendid specimens of pink and green crystals. And more : all over the top of the rocks and down the hill-side lay riches untold of the associate minerals. The people of the town hastened to the spot, and immediately some very valuable specimens were obtained. No one knew up to that time what to call their prize, so the young men enclosed a few of their best crystals in a letter to . Professor Silliman, awaiting his reply with impatience. He hastened to tell them that they had made a most important discovery in finding a rare gem. And these were the first tourmalines of Mount Mica. This place, in its ages of silence, had been waiting, perfecting itself, that the hand of man should finally unlock its treasures and give them to the light of day. In 1825 Pro- fessor Shepard visited the place and found several very fine crystals ; and later Professor Webster opened a " pocket," which revealeda fine grass-green specimen, also a most remarkable red one. In 1865 the deposit was believed to be exhausted, though the work had been extremely superficial, the excava- tions being only fifteen feet square andsix feet deep. Fresh encouragement came later, as investigations were made by true votaries of science, and new pockets were constantly opened, with the tourmalines lying loose in the decay- ing feldspar, or imbedded in the floor of tlie cavit3^ About this time Dr A. C. Hamlin, collecting the facts here outlined, made most important explora- tions, and added greatly to the knowledge of the capacity of the ledge. His excavations, made from time to time, yielded to him one of the most valuable collections in the world. About three miles northwest of the court-house in Auburn is a hill of the same geologic formation as Mount Mica. It is called Hatch's Ledge from the owner and Mount Apatite from the amount of that mineral existing there. This ledge covers from eight to ten acres, and is close to the line of Minot. In 1862 a boy named Lane found a small piece of crystal that he thought to be green glass. After carrying it some time he put it on the window-sill in the sitting-room of his home. Here it was seen by Dr Luther Hill, who pronounced it a tourmaline, and on submitting it to experts in mineralogy his opinion was justified, and soon after this new locality of transparent tourmalines was made known to the world. Dr Hamlin, who had the ledge 30 History of Androscoggin County. examined, says: "The tourmalines appeared on the brow of a ledge which projected from a gentle slope of a hill, and far below its summit. The surface of the rock and adjoining earth was strewn with numerous folitB of mica containing crystals of transparent tourmalines, and large masses of pink lepidolite, amounting in all to quite a ton in weight. The abundance of lepidolite and mica gave hope of an extensive deposit of the coveted crystals ; the first specimens picked up, exhibiting rich emerald-green hues, gave promise of superior gems, the first one yielding a perfect gem of two carats." Thou- sands of dollars' worth of valuable gems have since been taken from the ledge ; white, pink, green, blue, and red tourmalines, and associate minerals in rich and rare variety. Nearly forty different varieties have been found here. Mica, in sheets from ten to twelve inches square ; aqua marines ; white, green, and smoky quartz ; (quartz crystals ; beryl ; apatite in varied colors, both crystallized and opaque ; arsenical iron ; iron garnets, a large one weighing sixteen pounds ; cassiterite (almost the only ore of tin) ; albite ; cleavelandite; columbite ; amblygonite ; lepidolite ; montmorillonite ; uranite ; cookeite, etc. The tourmalines found here are in utmost perfection of color and crystal- lization, and unsurpassed by any gems of the kind in the world. The gradations of color are a most important feature. On this point the mineral- ogist revels in ecstasy ; and well he may. Here a crystal red within, passing to green outside ; there an exquisite red shaded to white, then blending into green again ; or they may be simply red and green or white and green. They are marvelous in beauty. The tourmaline in its physical character is in crystallization, rhorabohedral, in prisms of three, six, nine, and twelve sides, terminating in a low three- sided pyramid. It occurs also massive, and coarse columnar, somewhat resinous when fractured, and by friction acquires ])Ositive electricity ; becom- ing electrically polar when heated. In hardness it is about 7.5, a little harder than quartz. It is brittle and, as in tlie case of the beryl, well-terminated crystals are most ditficult to obtain. In constitution it is complicated, con- taining silica, alumina, magnesia, and a variety of other elements in small proportions. The presence of boron trioxide gives an interesting feature in the analysis of the mineral, while its electric and optical properties are. an increasing delight to the student. The sides of the prisms are often rounded or striated. This is due to oscillatory combination, which is a tendency in the forming crystal to make two different planes at the same time. Praffs Cave. — In the north part of Turner, about two miles from North Turner Bridge, there is a remarkable cavern or succession of caverns (really cavities between immense blocks of granite piled upon each other). This was visited in 1838 by Dr Stevenson, of the State Geological Survey, who gave this description : Geology. 31 The entrauce is from the side of the mountain situated on the laud of Mr E. Pratt, on the western side of the river. From some cause the huge bloclis of granite which form the walls of these subterranean apartments have been so arranged as to form spacious halls and present a striking appearance of regularity. Provided with lamps by our guide, we entered the first cavern, which was about twenty feet long and from ten to twelve feet wide, with high overhanging walls ; the rocks presented the appearance of having been thrown apart by some wonderful convulsion of nature, and the damp and chilling atmos- phere was similar to that found in the sepulchres of the dead. We continued our course by slow and cautious steps down a pathless descent till we had visited six subterranean halls, situated one above another, all corresponding in general appearance, but dimin- ishing in size as we descended; the last would not admit a person in an erect attitude, and we were obliged to crawl upon our hands and knees, taking great care not to lose our lamp, for had we suftered that misfortune we might have been compelled to grope about in darkness, without even a hope of happy deliverance from our uncomfortable situation. Guf'iss. — There is gneiss along the track of the railroad between Danville Junction and Greene ; perhaps this belt of rock is connected with the gneiss in the west part of Winthrop. 3Ii('a Schist. — An immense deposit of mica schist is found in Androscoggin, Kennebec, and Waldo counties. Large patches of granite are frequently found in it, whicli were protruded subsequently to the deposition of the schist. From Danville to Belgrade the mica schist has been seen to occur. It appears also in Poland, Turner, Livermore, Leeds, and other towns. The rock is mica schist in Leeds and Livermore ; at Livermore Falls it resembles talcose schist. SacelKtmid Azok Limestone appears in Turner, Poland, Livermore, and Lewiston. Li Turner there are two beds of limestone, one, grayish-white, granular, contains 73.6 per cent, of carbonate of lime ; that on Oak Hill is greenish gray, granular, and contains 40 per cent, of carbonate of lime. \n Poland there is limestone of a greenish-white color, granular, containing 43.6 per cent, of carbonate of lime. The purest limestone can afford but little more than 50 per cent, of lime. That in Turner gave 42.9 per cent. Dunes. — There are numerous sandy hills in Wayne and Leeds far above all existing streams. It seems as if there must be some ancient beaches among them. In Leeds one of these sandy accumulations has been torn asunder by the wind, and the sand blown southeasterly, much to the detriment of the adjacent cultivated fields. A potato patch was covered up in this way to the depth of thirty feet. These hills of moving sands are called dunes or downs. A belt of mineral appears to run through the rocks in nearly a straight line from Woodstock, through Oxford, Minot, Greene, Wales, Litchfield, Plttston, Camden, Sedgwick, Bluehill, Sullivan, and Northport. At different times specimens, taken from various places along this belt, have been analyzed, showing quite a percentage of silver. About twelve years ago quite an excitement was caused by developments in the vicinity of Oak Hill in Wales. 32 History of Androscoggin County. Thomas Barr's farm, at Ray's Corners, had rock in 1878 bearing $25 of pure silver to the ton. Plumbago had earlier been mined near there, and sulphuret of silver was said to exist in the same mine and in its vicinity. CHAPTER HI. THE ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER. Williamson's Description — Physical and Geological Features— Drainage District- Altitudes — Principal Tributaries in this County — Water-Powers. IN " Williamson's History of Maine " is a quaint description of the Andros- coggin which our readers will enjoy. " The Androscoggin river, formerly Aumoughcawgen, rises in the northwest section of the state, only about an hundred miles from the Chops, in direct course, though it actually runs, in its flexuous meanders, more than one hundred and sixty miles. The rise of its eastern and principal branch is in the vicinity of Sunday Mountain, about ten miles east of the dividing line between Maine and New Hampshire, and on the soutli margin of the highlands, which form the boundary between this state and ('anada. This source of the Androscoggin lias for its immediate ni'iglibours a headpond of Dead river, which empties into the Kennebec, and the southernmost spring of a stream, which runs northerly and contributes its waters to the Chaudiere. This branch of the Androscoggin runs about twenty- five miles south and discharges its waters into Lake Mooseetocmaguntick, a most singular body of water connected with Umbagog lake by a strait; and it empties all its waters into the latter, which lies on both sides of the western boundary line of Maine. On the western side of it, in New Hampshire, issues the Androscoggin, forty miles south of the upper end of the line which divides that state from Maine. Three miles westward of the outlet the main river receives the Magalloway, which is twelve rods in width at its mouth. This river's head is about as far north as that of the Androscoggin, runs a southerly course in Maine, more than thirty miles, and is distant from three to five miles from the line, which it crosses one hundred and twenty miles north of the Piscataqua mouth. "The Androscoggin, shortly after it receives the waters of Magalloway river, and another river from the northwest, runs southerly in New Hampshire twenty-five miles, almost parallel with the line, and five or six miles from it ; The Androscoggin River. and then turning, crosses it, and runs tlie remainder of its course in Maine. In re-entering the state it runs through the town of Gilead, and forms a fine intervale on both sides, overlooked by rugged lands on the north, and is fed in that town by Wild river. The main river runs fourteen miles in the next town, Bethel, forming an elbow in its western quarter, and flowing northerly in a gentle glide towards Newry, then eastwardly, over a smooth bottom of rounded pebbles, embosoming in the town a number of fertile and delightful islands of various extent, the largest of which contains one hundred acres. The alluvion skirting the banks of the Androscoggin, from ten to one hundred rods in width, is highly productive and beautiful land, rising in many places by regular banks, one above another, and forming two or more bottoms. Of these the highest is about twenty-five feet perpendicular above low water, and they are all evidently formed by the efflux of the river, changing its bed and banks so that people feel safe in building on these more elevated bottoms, some of which were not covered in the time of the great freshet, October 22, 1785, when the water rose twenty-five feet. Along northward of the river, three or four miles distant from it, and nearly parallel with its banks in many places, are the 'nucleus of the mountains' which, rising in ridges, stretch along from the west line of the state toward the falls, just above the northernmost bend of the river in the east line of Rumford, and shelter, in some measure, these extensive intervales from the northwest winds. " After the river receives several small streams, and a considerable one through the mountains from East Andover, it rushes down the Great falls at Rumford, fifty feet perpendicular and three hundred feet within a mile. From these falls the river runs in a southerly direction through Dixfield into Jay, where it forms various windings; leaving the town in a southern course it passes through Livermore, between Turner on the west, and Leeds and Greene on the east, and descends Lewiston falls, sixty miles below the Great falls. In Turner it receives Twenty-Mile river, which rises principally in Sumner and Hartford, and runs through Buckfield and Turner, forming almost every accommodation for mills and machinery. " At Lewiston, the cataract is called the Upper falls of Pejepscot. Here the water tumbles over massy rocks, and rushes through narrow passes, about one hundred feet perpendicular, from the surface to the bed below. These falls are not abrupt as over a mill-dam, but descend on an inclined plane, broken with ledges. Here are mills and one is supplied with water through a channel sunk in solid rock. The river below the falls is fifty to sixty rods wide, and seldom so shoal as to be fordable by a man and horse, even in summer. " As you stand on an elevation, one mile below these falls, you see the rapid river, called the Little Androscoggin, flow in from the westward, shooting its current across the bed of the main Androscoggin, forming a channel on the eastern shore, and adding a fourth to the main river. It rises in Woodstock 34 History op^ Androscoggin County. and Norway, and receives waters from Moose and Gleason ponds in Paris, as it passes between the swells of that town, and also those of Thompson on the southerly side, turning many mills, especially in Minot and some in Poland, which two towns it separates. It has generally high banks, though lined with intervales or strong land. " On the east side of the great Androscoggin is the Thirty-Mile or Dead river, the natural and only outlet of great Androscoggin pond, three and one- half miles long, and three broad, between Leeds and Wayne. Dead river, from the outlet in Leeds to Androscoggin river, is six miles in length, eight or ten rods in width and deep, and its bed is so level and exactly horizontal that the rise of the great river eighteen inches will invert the current of Dead river its whole length. Li great freshets much water is forced into the pond, which becomes a reservoir, greatly soaking, however, and hurting the lands on its borders." Dr Ezekiel Holmes treats of the physical and geological features of the Androscoggin in this manner: The Androscoggin river takes its rise not far from the Canada line and the headlands that divide the waters of the Chaudiere, Kennebec tributaries, and the Androscoggin. It passes south- westerly, expanding in its course into the lakes Moosilamaguntic, Argwason, Molechunkamunk, Wallakenabagog, and Umbagog. From this last lake it passes out on its northwest quarter, at first westerly and then southerly, in a sluggish, quiet manner until it comes to Errol in New Hampshire. Here it meets with obstructions and forms a fall wliicli has been taken up for mill sites. It continues to flow in a southerly direction until it reaches Shelburne, when it sweeps round the base of the mountains easterly to the easterly line of Livermore, when it again curves southeasterly, which general course it holds until it unites with the Kennebec river at Merrymeeting bay. The Androscoggin, from the time it meets with its first obstruction at Errol, has a difficult and troubled pathway and has more rapids, falls, and cataracts than any other river of its size in Maine. It has along its banks at certain sections of its course some splendid intervals as well as swells of upland of the first quality. Evidences are abundant to prove that it was once, in the space at least from Shelburne to East Livermore, what a part of it is now at Umbagog and above, a connected chain of lakes, separated at certain places by obstructions which formed natural dams and held its waters at higher level, until they gave way and furnished them a more free passage, as they are now found. It was while in tliis lake state that the splendid intervals were formed. Reasons for this Belief:— i^//-.s^. These interval or bottom lands are alluvial deposits. The material of which they are composed was deposited while the water was in a quiescent state, and therefore formed the bottom of lakes and ponds. Second. These interval or bottom lands are not continuous. The Androscoggin River. 35 but located in sections of more or less magnitude and at different distances from each other, and these separations are formed by the liighlands coming down nearer to the river than they do in the region of the intervals. In passing up the river from Livermore Falls to Shelburne, N. H., where the highlands close in toward the river, you will erelong come to a tract of interval land. This is also the case in going from Livermore Falls to Jay. After passing through the highlands which come more or less near to the banks on the Livermore and Jay side, you reach the splendid intervals of Jay point. The cause of their formation at this locality was, in the first place, a valley or larger opening between the mountains, giving space for a lake, and in the next place, the obstruction, for a long time, of the river by the high- lands below, thereby forming a lake at the place referred to. Here, when the current was at rest, the fine particles of earthy matter gathered, and, suspended in the water in their course, were deposited at the bottom, and by their accumulations formed what are now beautiful farms. On a reverse principle it is accounted for, there being comparatively less amount of alluvial and more diluvial land or drift in that portion of the river below Livermore Falls than above. The Androscoggin, at Jay, had worked itself to the southerly side of the mountain chain through which it had passed from the upper part of Gilead in an easterly direction, and thereby nearly out of them. Finding less obstruction here at the southerly margin of the hills than farther east, it was turned almost square about in a southerly direction, and spread itself over a large extent, depositing, while in motion, as it passed along, the sands and heavier gravels, and probably, while the ice prevailed, heavy bowlders, thus forming sand bars and islands, etc., which now constitute the swells and ridges and irregular curves that form the surface of that part of the country. The channel of this river is so full of obstructions that but a small part of it can be said to be navigable. The Drainage District of the Androscoggin occupies the country lying between the sea on the southeast and the northerly outposts of the White Mountains. Its southern part is separated from the Saco basin by the hydrographic area of the Presumpscot and Royal, but is conterminous with it in the northern part. Its greatest length is 110 miles, from the ocean to its remotest sources; greatest breadth is 70 miles, from Randolph, N. H., to Fayette. The area in Maine is about 2,750 square miles ; in New Hampshire about 850 square miles; of this nearly the whole is located above the lowest mill privilege and contributes to the water-power of the main river. Its elevation is considerably greater than tliat of any other hydrographic district in the state. We give the height above tide-water of some points situated upon the river or railroads: Danville Junction, 180 ft; Auburn (station), 210 ft; Lewiston, 212 ft; Leeds, 260 ft; Mechanic Falls (station), 270 ft; Oxford (station), 310 ft; East Livermore (station), 360 ft; South Paris 36 History of Androscoggin County. (station), 370 ft; Locke's Mills (station), 710 ft; head of Rumford, about 600 ft; Bethel (station), 640 ft; Androscoggin river at Bethel, 620 ft; White's Corner, 659 ft; mouth Pleasant river, about 632 ft; Gilead, 700 ft; State Line (Grand Trunk Railway crossing), 690 ft; Gorham, N. H. (station), 802 ft; head of Berlin Falls, N. H., 2,000 ft; northeast head of Magalloway river, 2,640 ft; northwest head of Magalloway river, 2,917 ft. The high general elevation of this district, combined with its irregularity of surface, secures a large amount of power upon the streams in proportion to its extent and its volume of annual discharge. The yearly precipitation of moisture upon this basin, including the Maine and New Hampshire portions, is estimated as nearly 338,000,000,000 cubic feet ; these figures are based upon an assumed average downfall of 42 inches. The principal tributaries on the right side are the Little Androscoggin received at Auburn ; basin, 30 miles in length ; 15 miles in breadth ; area, 280 square miles; length of stream, 40 miles; estimated discharge, 10,120,- 000,000 cubic feet ; Twenty-Mile river at Turner ; basin length, 19 miles ; breadth, 13 miles; area, 150 square miles; length of stream, 25 miles; discharge, 5,850,000,000 cubic feet. On the left side are Sabattus, at Lisbon ; length of basin, 16 miles; breadth, 7 miles; area, 75 miles; discharge, 2,925,000,000 cubic feet; Dead river, at Leeds; length of basin, 22 miles; breadth, 5 miles; area, 85 square miles; length of stream, 28 miles; discharge, 33,000,000,000 cubic feet; Webb's river, at Dixfield ; length of basin, 17 miles; breadth, 11 miles; area, 135 square miles; length of stream, 23 miles; discliarge, 5,265,000,000 cubic feet; Swift river, at Mexico; basin, 22 miles in length; 8 miles in breadth; area, 133 square miles; length of stream, 24 miles; dis- charge, 5,187,000,000 cubic feet; and Ellis river, at Rumford; basin length, 18 miles; breadth, 13 miles; area, 150 square miles; length of stream, 25 miles ; discharge 5,850,000,000 cubic feet. Its most valuable water-power sec- tion, from Rumford Falls to the tide, is 75 miles long; but in reality it is a water-power river in its whole length from the lakes to Brunswick, 150 miles. The estimated discliarge from the basin for the year amounts to 135,000,000,000 cubic feet. Of this nearly the whole is tributary to the working power of the river. The natural inconstancy of the river is already overcome to a great extent, and can be to a far higher degree by the use of its great reservoirs for storage purposes, and this at little expense. The range from lowest to highest water, at Lewiston, is eight feet; Lisbon, seven feet; Livermore, eight feet. From the origin of the Androscoggin to the tide at Brunswick is 150 miles, with a fall of 1,256 feet. The mean slope is 8.33 feet to the mile, corre- sponding to an angular depression of 5'.5 circular measurement per mile. The principal reservoirs of the Androscoggin and its tributaries number 83 principal lakes and ponds, with 156.25 square miles of surface, but the aggregate of lake surface in the Androscoggin basin is 213 square miles, or one square mile The Androscoggin River. 37 to 17 square miles of basin. At the low stage of the river, water from Umbagog lake reaches Lewiston in from 36 to 48 hours. If the mean volume of water that can, in the present state of the reservoirs, be commanded on the river, in the low run of summer, from Rumford falls to the tide, be assumed to be 75,000 cubic feet per minute for 11 hours per day, the total power of this section of the river is 85,200 horse-power, gross measurement, for the hours specified, or 3,747,600 spindles. Water Powers. — That valuable compilation, " Wells's Water Power of Maine," published in 1869, gave, from authentic and official information, closely accurate statistics concerning all privileges of water-power in this county. We extract this portion as it gives a full description of the powers that have brought so much wealth and prosperity to this section, and a state- ment of the manufacturing condition at that day. The development since belongs to the history of the towns. Auburn. — Auburn falls is on the Little Androscoggin river, immediately east of the Grand Trunk railway. The foot of the falls is about one-fourth of a mile from the Androscoggin river. The total height is 70 feet, obtained in a running distance of 150 rods. The bottom of the stream is a solid ledge, and affords unsurpassed sites for the firm establishment of dams. The banks are steep and ledgy, and offer good sites for mills. The volume of water employed at Mechanic Falls is, as reported, nearly 20,000 cubic feet per minute for the ordinary manufacturing hours at the low stage of water. It is probably reasonable to infer the low run at Auburn to be 22,000 feet per minute for the same hours, as the contributions of several ponds improved for reservoirs as well as of various streams are received below Mechanic Falls. This would give a gross poAver of 2,780 horse on the whole fall or 114,800 spindles. This result, so remarkable for a stream which drains only 280 square miles, is obtained by the improvement of its numerous and capacious reservoirs whose capacity is not yet fully developed. There are a saw-mill, box-mill, and batting-mill on the privilege ; these operate all the year. The power on Taylor brook, the outlet of Taylor pond, which covers about two square miles, has four feet of storage ; about fifty rods from the Maine Central railroad track, twelve feet fall ; is capable of carrying three runs of flour-stones under a nine-foot head in the summer months. Ryerson's Privilege on the Little Androscoggin river is eight miles below Mechanic Falls, and three miles from Lewiston. Twenty feet head can be had. There is no improvement. There were formerly a saw-mill, grist-mill, a shingle and clapboard machine owned by Nicholas Ryerson. This privilege is in receipt of all the water commanded at Mechanic Falls, and the available power is inferred to be about 840 horse-power or 33,000 spindles. Near the outlet of the Little Wilson pond is a saw-mill. The pond is used for a reservoir. There is also a saw-mill below, near Wilson Pond (Lake 38 History of Androscoggin County. Auburn). At the outlet of this body of water there is a fall of seven feet, which can be increased to twelve ; here are peg, saw, grist, and box mills, and a furniture factory. The pond covers 1,968 acres, upon which a head of eight feet is commanded. Lpwisfon.— Five powers. First ; Lewiston Falls, on the Androscoggin river twenty miles above its junction with the Kennebec and forty miles by the river from the ocean. They are formed by gneiss and mica schist, crossing the river diagonally, and so extended as to form the bottom and sides of the stream above and below the falls and projecting above the water in several small rocky islets that serve as abutments to the dams. The natural fall is thirty-eight feet, which, with dams of an average height of about twelve feet, produces an available power of fully fifty feet head. This descent is attained in a hori- zontal distance of 600 feet. The volume of water at its lowest stage is 94,000 cubic feet per minute, eleven hours a day. The water is under such perfect control that the total run of the river in drouth is economized, none going to waste by night or on Sundays. The enormous increase in the volume of water now used is 58,000 cubic feet per minute. At lowest run, 8,900 horse-power, gross measurement, or 356,000 spindles. Of this 5,450 horse-power is now in use. The available power can be doubled or trebled, as required. It is perfectly secure against all possible contingencies of ice or flood. Total range from lowest to highest water on the dams is about eight feet. The land also is exceedingly favorable for the location of manufacturing establishments, there being two natural levels on the margin of the river, the lower allowing twenty- two feet fall, the upper twenty-eight feet, and there being also abundant room for factories employing the whole power. Brick and stone are easily pro- curable. There are four dams' 860 feet in aggregate length, guard locks with seven sluiceways nine by twelve feet ; main canal sixty-four feet in average breadth in the clear, and designed for twelve feet depth of water ; cross canal forty feet broad in the clear, ten feet of water. The dams and guard locks are constructed of split granite in the most solid manner. The power is owned by the Franklin Company. The various manufacturing companies now in occupation of the power are: Bates Manufacturimi Company, incorporated in 1850; commenced operations in 1852: capital stock, $1,000,000; two cotton mills; one woolen; 40,000 spindles; eight sets of machinery; 850 femalos and 350 males employed; 800 horse-power; six turbine water- wheels; l)uildin(:;s, brick; annual cotton production, 5,707,372 yards cloth (1,417,949 l)ounds) ; woolen, 22(),155 yards cloth (146,912 pounds). 11 ill Mamtfacturinff Company, incorporated, in 1850; conunenced operations in 1854; capital stock, $700,000; two mills; 51,200 spindles; 800 females and 200 males employed; 800 horse-power; four turbine water-wheels; brick buildings; annual production, 7,037,353 yards of cotton cloth (1,753,770 pounds). Androscofjffin Mills, incorporated and commenced operations in 1860; capital stock, $1,000,000; two mills of brick; 50,000 spindles ; 788 females and 312 males employed; 800 The Androscoggin River. 39 horse-power ; five turbine water-wheels ; 6,500,000 yards cotton cloth manufactured a year, equal to 1,750,000 pounds, and 1,800,000 grain bags weighing as many pounds. Continental Mills, incovpovBited in 1865; commenced operations in 1866; capital stock, $900,000; one mill of brick; 27,000 spindles; 395 females and 175 males employed; 440 horse-power; three turbine water-wheels; 5,600,000 yards of cotton cloth manufactured per year, weight 1 ,400,000 pounds. Franklin Company, incorporated in 1854; commenced operations in 1857. This com- pany owns the water-power, canals, and land around the falls on both sides of the river, and several hundred acres of land around the more thickly settled portion of the city. It owns the Lincoln Mill, of 20,000 spindles; 285 females and 143 males employed; two turbine water-wheels; cotton goods are maiuifactured ; 2,800,000 yards per year (750,000 pounds) ; the grist-mill building, occupied by Bradley & Co., flour and meal manufacturers; D. Cowan & Co., manufacturers of woolen and cotton yarns, employing 27 females and 25 males; H. H. Dickey, manufacturer of belting and covering rollers, employing 10 men; three turbine water-wheels; a saw-mill occupied by S. R. Bearce & Co., manufacturers of lumber; five water-wheels; Lewiston Bleachery and Dye Works, occupied by N. W. Farwell; capacity for bleaching and dyeing eight tons per day ; 14 females and 204 males employed; one turbine water-wheel; several machine shops; two turbines. Leiviston Mills, incorporated and commenced operations in 1853; capital stock, .$500,000 ; two mills of brick; 17,880 spindles; 460 females and 211 males employed; 450 horse-power ; three turbine water-wheels; cotton and jute manufactured; 764,619 yards cloth (1,241,776 pounds) per year; jute used, 1,679,281 pounds; cotton and jute bags, 1,233,423 per year. Lewiston Falls Mafinfactiiring Company, incorporated and commenced operations in 1834; John M. Frye, agent; capital stock, $60,000; two mills, brick and wood; six sets of machinery; 45 females and 40 males employed; two water-wheels; 225,000 yards of woolen cloth manufactured per year. Leiviston Lower Poteer of 1,500 horse, two miles below Lewiston Falls on the Androscoggin river, has not been improved. Two miles up the river at Deer Rips there is unimproved power of at least 2,500 horse ; the two together are sufficient to drive cotton mills containing 250,000 spindles. Barker's Mills on Barker's Mill stream, fall twenty feet in twenty rods, has a saw-mill and a grist-mill ; both operate three months, and the grist-mill nearly the whole year. Stream fed by Berry pond. Owned by J. B. Ham & Co. The privilege at the outlet of Nonanac pond falls twelve feet in twelve rods and has power sufficient to drive one run of stones the whole year. The pond is flowed a little and can be flowed so as to cover 300 acres. Lisbon. — Eight powers. One at Lisbon Falls on the Androscoggin river in the southeast corner of the town. There were originally two falls about 900 feet apart, giving together a natural fall of thirty -one feet in the 1,800 feet, which is increased by the elevation of the dam to thirty-three feet. The upper fall, just below which the dam was located, is formed by a ledge of granite making directly across an island about 300 feet distant to the opposite shore 650 feet farther. This ledge extends for more than half a mile down the river on both sides, giving the best possible foundation for manufacturing establishments. The dam is in two sections each resting on the island. It 40 History of Androscoggin County. is built on the ledge about eight feet lower than the brow of the natural fall, and having an average height of ten feet, raises the water but two feet above its natural level. It is constructed of hewn timber in crib-work, the lower tier fitted to the irregularities in the ledge, and firmly secured with bolts. Tlie cribs are filled with rock-ballast and covered with hard-wood plank. The whole work and materials were designed to make it equal or superior to any dam in the country not built of stone, and it is believed to be strong enough to withstand any force to which it may be subjected. The volume of water in the dry season, estimated from that at Lewiston with allowance for the addi- tions of the Little Androscoggin and Sabattus rivers, is 122,000 cubic feet of water per minute, during working time of eleven hours per day, six days in the week. The improvement of the lakes by which the run of water at Lewiston would be increased, would operate to the same extent in favor of the power at this point. Without any increase in the dry season the power is equal to 7,623 horse-power gross or 305,000 spindles. But a trifling amount of this, large power is yet in use. The expense of making the balance available has been pronounced by competent engineers very small compared with other points with the same extent of power. The lay of the land is favorable for manufacturing establishments, with sufficient room for utilizing the whole power. The power is owned by the Androscoggin Water Power Company. The only company in occupation of the power is the Worumbo Mannfact- urinii Company^ incorporated in 1861 with a capital stock of $250,000. There are two mills with ten sets of cards ; all-wool beavers are manufactured. One hundred males and seventy -five females are employed ; pay-roll, $6,500 ; 150 horse-power is used, and two turbine water-wheels ; annual production, 120,000 yards six-fourths wide (225,000 pounds) of finished cloth. Building materials, both stone and wood, are readily obtained. The Water Power Company owns two saw-mills supplied with abundance of pine and hemlock from the sur- rounding country, A slight elevation in the reservoir above the dam would make the power nearly double that used at Lewiston. There are two privileges at Factory village on Sabattus river owned by N. W. Farwell. The upper one has a fall of ten feet; is under im- provement ; a double turbine wheel is used ; power, 175 horse. The lower fall has an old grist-and-saw-mill ; fall, twenty feet ; power, 325 horse. The stream is connected with great Sabattus pond with supply of water constant and freshets not destructive. At Lisbon Plains on the same river about one-third of a mile from the Androscoggin river is an unimproved power of twenty feet fall, owned by B. Farnsworth and others. About one-fourth of a mile above is a fall of twelve feet, the property of the Paper Company. The mill built in 1866 manufactures one and a half tons newspaper per day; machinery best quality. Next above is the property of the Farnsworth The Androscoggin River. 41 Manufacturing Company ; fall, thirteen feet ; a woolen mill built in 1865 has first-class machinery and manufactures 30,000 yards per month of " three- fourths " goods ; spare power except in drouth. The seventh and eighth powers are on Little river, near its junction with the Androscoggin. Durham has three water-powers. One on the outlet of a small pond in the western part of the town has a grist-mill, and a saw-mill which cuts 40,000 feet 3^early ; one in the northeast part on a small stream has a grist and shingle mill. One near Southwest Bend has grist, saw, shingle and clapboard mills which cut 40,000 feet of boards annually. The mills work about eight months in the year. Wehister. — There are four powers on Sabattus pond. First fall, twelve feet ; second, fourteen feet ; third, twelve feet ; fourth, eighteen feet. Dams and mills upon each fall ; the mills operate all of the year ; a large amount of unused power; privileges all owned in town. Sabattus pond covers four square miles and is dammed. Its reservoir capacity could be much increased. Stream safe and constant with abundant water throughout the year. The power may be inferred, as below at Factory Fall in Lisbon, 175-horse is secured on a ten-foot fall with a turbine wheel. There is building stone on the fourth fall only, abundant and good. Land upon each of the falls level and convenient for the location of mills. One-third of the basin covered by woods. Cfreene. — There are four water-powers. One on Sabattus stream with fifteen feet fall from top of dam to vent of wheels ; two-thirds of the fall is secured by the dam. Another is on Meadow brook where a saw and shingle mill is operated fall and spring. There are two powers on the outlet stream of Allen's pond which are more valuable than the others ; formerly there were grist, shingle, and carding mills upon them. The fall is twenty and twenty- five feet. The water holds out the year round with an excellent chance for dams. A saw-mill operates four months in the year, and a grist-mill all the year. No damage from freshets; annual production, $7,000. Leeds has eight water-powers. On Cushman's mill stream are grist-mills, in former years used only for saw-mills. Fifty rods below are shingle machines, etc. One on Coffin's mill stream ; here are saw and shingle mills. That on Bridgliam stream is unimproved, but had formerly a grist and a carding mill. There was formerly a grist-mill on Mason brook ; power not used. There is a shingle mill on a small stream in the north part of the town. Two powers are unused ; one in the northwest part operates a shingle-mill, and a small but good power in southwest part where was formerly a saw-mill. These powers, though not large, are susceptible of more use. Androscoggin pond on the confines of Leeds is connected with the Androscoggin river by Dead stream, and as the pond lies on the same level as the river the waters flow in and out according to the stage of the river. Could be stored at high water and held for reserve. 42 History of Androscoggin County. East Livermore.—A privilege with small power on Johnny brook works about half the time. There is a similar one on Norris's brook. Livermore Falls on the Androscoggin has a natural fall twenty-two feet in thirty rods, upper fall fourteen feet, then eight feet fall in thirty rods. The dam located on the crest of the upper fall is seven feet high, making the total head and fall twenty-nine feet. It can be raised seven feet. The power due to the total available fall (thirty-six feet), the volume of water being assumed fifteen per cent, less tlian at Lewiston, or 79,900 cubic feet per minute at the lowest run, is 5,436 horse-power gross, or 217,400 spindles. In 1867 the proprietors built a very excellent dam of crib work filled in with stone in its whole extent (as strong a construction as can be made except of split granite) with a view to future enlargement, and it can be raised seven feet without damage to flowing. The land on both sides of the river is peculiarly well adapted to the location of manufacturing establishments. The rock in the immediate vicinity of the falls is lit for foundation and other rough work. Excellent granite is abundant within two miles. Building bricks of excellent quality were delivered at the Falls in 1868 for six dollars per thousand. Of the 5,436 horse-power probably not over one hundred is in use which operates a saw- mill, grist-mill, and some small establishments. The Rocomeka Company is the chief proprietor of the power. It owns the saw-mill, and a building eighty by thirty feet, three stories high, and a fifty-horse steam-boiler attached for heating purposes. This privilege is regarded as next to Lewiston in sum of power, but not in availability and facilities for improvement. Liiwnnore. — Twelve powers. Five on a stream from Long pond. A saw-mill near the outlet, with a fall of nine feet; 600 square inches of water- in use; a giist-mill below, with a fall of twelve feet; 300 square inches of water; pill-box factory has a fall of ten feet; a rake factory, fall twelve feet; a saw-mill, fifteen feet fall. On a stream from Turner pond at the outlet is an unimproved power; fall, eight feet; capacity, 1,200 square inches. A short distance below is a grist-mill ; fall, fifteen feet ; capacity, 1,200 square inches of water ; center-vent wheels. On the same stream, opposite the mill, is an unimproved privilege, with equal capacity to that of the grist-mill. These three privileges are owned by Hollis Turner, Esq. Just below the grist-mill is a building with various saws; the fall is nine feet; capacity, 2,500 square inches. This mill does a good business at flood of water, spring and fall. Ownership, Lewiston Company. About half a mile below, on the same stream, this conq^any owns another water-power, not improved, equal to or better in many respects, than the improved one. There are two smaller powers on separate streams with a shingle-mill on each. Turner. — Turiier Centre falls on the Androscoggin ten miles above Lew- iston has twelve feet fall ; excellent opportunity for canals and dam ; hard bottom and banks ; abundant stone. If the volume of water at low run be The Androscoggin River. 43 assumed to be five per cent, less than at Lewiston, or 89,300 cubic feet per minute for eleven hours per day, the gross power of the fall is about 2,030 horse, or 81,200 spindles. The power can be vastly increased by reservoirs. North Turner falls at North Turner bridge, sixteen miles above Lewiston, fall thirteen feet. The natural force of the water is so great that a saw- mill has been run here by its means. The sites for mills are excellent, and canal facilities of the best. An island in the river diminishes the required length of dam. If the volume of water at low run be assumed as ten per cent, less than at Lewiston, or 84,600 cubic feet per minute for eleven hours a day, the gross power of the fall at thirteen feet is 2,080 horse-power, or 83,200 spindles. There are six powers at Turner, viz. : one on Martin stream at outlet of Bear pond ; saw-mill can cut 600,000 feet annually ; fall ten feet; one at North Turner village three-fourths of a mile below, lumber, grist, and carding mills, and carriage factory, could cut a million feet annually; fall ten feet. At Chase's Mills there is a saw-and-shingle-mill, and hub and bowl factory. On Twenty-Mile river at Turner village there is a woolen factory, grist-mill, lumber-mill, and carriage factory doing a large amount of business ; fall about twelve feet. At Bradford village on the same river there is a fall of twelve feet. This power is capable of a large amount of business if properly improved. At the mouth of Twenty-Mile river is a fall of eleven feet, with saw and grist mill ; power enough for more business. Minot and Poland. — There are four powers on the Little Androscoggin river. First, Mechanic Falls ; fall, thirty-seven feet in 950 feet distance ; velocity of current ninety-six feet per minute. Area of cross section 270 square feet. Power not half improved ; partially improved in paper making. There is a first-class stone dam at the head of the fall ; a wooden dam midway and space for another dam below. Power is owned by A. C. Denison & Co. The mills operate all the year. On the upper dam, fourteen feet head, eleven turbine wheels now operate of 405 horse-power ; hence the volume of water for the working hours of the day must be equal to 20,000 cubic feet per minute, and the power of the whole fall for the same hours, 1,053 horse. Second, Page's Mills has a fall of fourteen feet in 1,500 feet distance. Volume of water same as at Mechanic Falls less Waterhouse brook, which is 3,000 cubic feet per minute. Power partially improved in sawing lumber, in the manufacture of sash and doors, and grist-mill; mills operate all the year; power owned by Moses Page and A. A. Bucknam. Third, Hackett's Mills has a fall thirteen feet in 250. Volume of water same as at Mechanic Falls plus Bog brook, 1,500 cubic feet per minute. Improved in part in saw-mills ; power owned by J. T. Waterman and Willard Buck; mills operate all the year. Fourth, Minot Corner ; fall, eleven and one-half feet in 500 run. Volume of water same as at Hackett's Mills, with the addition of a small tributary. Improved in part by saw and grist mills, which operate all the 44 History of Androscoggin County. year. Owned by A. S. Freeman, Willard Buck, and others. Sites for building upon the privileges excellent. Freshets harmless, the reservoirs holding back the great body of water. Mlnot. — The other three powers here are Faunce's Mill, on Bog brook; fall, twelve and one-half feet in fifty feet ; operates part of the year. West Minot falls, on Bog stream; fall, twenty- two and one -half feet in five hundred feet. Hilburn falls, on Bog stream; power not used. The first and second are partially improved in saw-mills and a planing-mill. The stream will run the planing-mill all the year. One-third of the basin covered with woods. PoJaiuJ. — Three powers. PoLand Corner privilege on Waterhouse brook; fall, eighteen feet in 350 feet ; velocity of current, 100 feet per minute ; area of cross section, thirty square feet ; improved in part by a grist-mill and saw-mill ; a good stone dam across the head of the falls ; mills operate all the year. Shaker mill ; fall, forty-two feet in 250 feet distance ; a thirty-foot overshot wheel runs a large amount of machinery all the year for grinding, sawing, planing, machine shops, carding, etc. West Poland Mill Company, on Saunders's brook ; an eighteen-foot overshot wheel, saw-mill, operating half the year. Power could be increased to some extent by fiowing meadows. CHAPTER IV. ABORIGINAL TRIBES AND HISTORY. By J. G. Elder. THE early voyagers on the coast of Maine, Gosnold, Pring, and Weymouth, were strongly impressed with the peculiar character, manners, and customs of the aboriginal inhabitants. They were, in some respects, unlike any people seen by the natives of Europe, although they were regarded by them as closely allied to the people of the East. Their descriptions of this new-found race are brief but quite exact, and one of them — Weymouth kid- napped several of the natives and carried them to England, in order that those who were interested in colonization might learn something of the country and its strange inhabitants. The celebrated Captain John Smith, who visited our coast in 1614, and who had been familiar with the savages of Virginia, refers Aboriginal, Tribes and History. 45 to these as being essentially like those of the South. Richard Vines, who was here in 1(317-18, mingled much witli the Indians, visited their wigwams, was a witness of the great mortality which so decimated the settlements on the New England coast that much of it was abandoned, speaks of tlieir simple habits, their fortitude, and the apparent indifference with which they met their fate. At this time there were five distinct tribes that occupied what is now the state of Maine. The Sokokis inhabited the valley of the Saco river, but were most numerous near its head waters, their villages being located on the alluvial lands of Fryeburg and Conway, New Hampshire. The Pegwakets and the Ossipees, if not a part of the tribe, were branches of it. In 1725 they were attacked by Captain Lovewell and in a sanguinary and disastrous battle their power was completely broken, and the most of the tribe, disheartened by their misfortunes, retired to Canada. The Anasagunticooks were a numerous and powerful tribe, and their hunting-grounds covered the entire valley of the Androscoggin. The Canabas tribe were located on both sides of the Kennebec river, where they had several important villages. The Wawenocks occupied the coast between the Sheep- scot and St Georges rivers. They were very accurately described by Captain John Smith, whose intercourse with them was frequent and undisturbed. It was from this tribe that Captain George Weymouth secured those he carried to England, and from this same tribe the perfidious Hunt — the companion of Captain John Smith in 1G14 — kidnapped some twenty-seven and carried them to Spain and sold them as slaves. The Penobscots were unquestionably the most numerous and powerful. They inhabited the country on both sides of tlie Penobscot bay and river. In the summer they occupied the land near the sea, but in the winter tliey retired to the interior. They were most numerous near the falls — Oldtown — where they now reside. It is not a little remark- able that this tribe, now numbering about five hundred persons, still occupies their ancient abode, and although surrounded by American people and insti- tutions and also under the care of the state, yet they retain their language and religion, and most of the habits and customs which have come down through the centuries, and in all probability will retain them for centuries to come, or until the tribe becomes extinct. The Passamaquoddies were found in the eastern part of the state, their tribal home being near the lower Schoodic lakes. Their present number is about five hundred. They adhere with great tenacity to the religious forms taught them by the Jesuits. The estimated population of these tribes in 1615 was 31,600. It was supposed these tribes could muster 8,800 warriors, distributed as follows : Sokokis, 900 warriors ; Anasagunticooks, 1,500 warriors; Canabas, 1,500 warriors; Wawenocks, 1,100 warriors ; Penobscots, 2,400 warriors ; Passamaquoddies, 1,400 warriors. We are in possession of very little information in relation to the Anasagun- ticooks — or Androscoggin Indians, as they were subsequently called — before 46 History of Androscoggin County. King Philip's war, in 1675-6. At Brunswick falls they had an encampment or place of resort and a fort. Here was the great pass between the eastern and western tribes, and during the Indian wars they frequently met at this camping-ground and planned their cruel and barbarous attacks upon the defenceless settlers. At Lewiston falls they frequently rendezvoued, and at an early day had a fort of considerable magnitude. There was a large encamp- ment at Canton, covering the fine interval of that region. Owing to their location they were less disturbed in their hunting and fishing and suffered less by the. encroachments upon their territory than any other tribe; but notwith- standing this freedom from interruption, none were more hostile or vindictive towards the colonists. The Androscoggins were the first to "dig up" the tomahawk and the last to "bury" it. Hardly had the first alarm of King Philip's war reached the scattered and defenceless settlers before a party of this ferocious tribe came to the plantation of Thomas Purchase, in Brunswick, but they did only a little " Mischief save plundering it of strong Liquor and Ammunition, also killing a Calf or two with a few Sheep, but no more than what they eat, and spoiling a Feather-bed, by ripping it open to turn out the Feathers, contenting themselves with the Case, which they might more easily carry away." .... "but as they went away, told those of the House, that there were others coming after, that would deal far worse with them, which within a short Time after came to pass." Mr Purchase and his "sons were absent, but one of his sons who returned wliile the savages were plundering the house, wus obliged to flee for his life." Shortly after — September 5, 1675, — they destroyed his buildings and cattle, and the family fled to Massachusetts, but never returned to occupy their possessions. The Anasagunticooks were very active during the war and quite a number of their warriors joined Philip's forces in Massachusetts, and "Sundry of them," says Hubbard, " came short of Home." It was their purpose to unite all of the tribes in a crusade against the whites, and to accomplish this design, sent representatives to the Sokokis in order to induce them to enter heartily into the war, making it one of extermination. Philip was killed August 12, 1675, and in the following winter an armistice was made with the Indians in the western part of Maine ; but this did not include the Anasagunticooks or the Canabas. During the early part of 1676 some of the sagamores visited Abraham Shurte at Pemaquid and complained of the treatment received from the colonists. Shurte assured them that justice should be done, and then referred to the happy peace which had been made with the Sokokis and other Indians, which might become general if the Anasagunticooks and Canabas would assent to it. The sagamores seemed pleased with the interview and soon after sent a "runner" inviting him to meet them in council at " Tecon- net." Captain Sylvanus Davis was associated with Shurte, and they proceeded Aboriginal Tribes and History. 47 at once to Teconnet. "We come now," said the agents, "to confirm the peace, especially to treat with the Anasagunticooks. We wish to see Squando, and hear Tarumkin speak." He then said: "I have been westward where I found three sagamores wisliing for peace ; many Indians unwilling. I love the clear streams of friendship, that meet and unite. Certain, I myself, clioose the shades of peace. My heart is true, and I give you my hand in pledge of the truth." The professions of Tarumkin and the other chiefs did not secure peace, and the war was more terrible and sanguinary, if possible, than before. Peace did not come to the disheartened and enfeebled colonists until the winter of 1678. At that time Massachusetts appointed commissioners to treat with Squando and the Anasagunticooks. They met at Casco and on April 13, 1678, signed articles of peace. The close of the war was the occasion of universal joy, though the memo- ries of the struggle caused extreme sorrow. Almost every family bore the marks of grief, as there were few who had not lost friends or property, and many had been bereft of both. The terms of peace were generally considered disgraceful to the Engiisli. The losses sustained in life were extremely pain- ful. About two hundred and sixty were known to have been killed or carried into captivity from which they never returned, and nearly one hundred and fifty were made captives and subsequently released. There had been only ten years of peace when King William's war broke out with all the horrors so well known, and dreaded, in savage warfare. The sagamore of the Anasagunticooks, Tarumkin, had been succeeded by Worombee, who, in 1684, had granted large tracts of land on the Andros- coggin to Richard Wharton of Boston, but now he was loud in his protesta- tions against the encroachments of the whites. As in Philip's war, so now this tribe was ready to renew the conflict with the colonists, and made their first attack at North Yarmouth, August 13, 1688. The war was prosecuted by the Indians with remarkable vigor and cunning, accompanied by all the cruelties peculiar to the savages. The natives of the Androscoggin had exhibited so much ferociousness and inhumanity, that the Government at Boston determined to send an expedition, under the command of the celebrated Major Church, to destroy Worombee's fort at the upper falls of the Andros- coggin. He arrived here September 14, 1690. We give an extract from Church's account of the attack and capture of the fort, as follows: "The same day [September 13] we advanced up the river towards Amascogg, on the southwest side of the river, altho the way was extream difficult; yett it was a more obscure way; the enemie useing to march on the N. E. side. We marched that day above the middle falls [Lisbon falls] about 20 miles; there it began to raine hard; where we encamped and built fifty tents, and lay there that night; and at break of day put out our fires and marched as soon as twas light: It being the 14th instant and the sabbath day, 48 History of Androscoggin County. the soiildiers marched briskley and came within sight of the fort about 2 of the cluck in the afternoon ; then we turned into the woods, and fetched a circum- ference, and waded over a little river not much above the knees ; and in short time came to the westerly branch [Little Androscoggin] of the Great Rfver, and there left our baggage and those men that were tired, and made them up 40 men to guard the Doctor; and looking over the brow of a hill by the river, espied two English captives and an Indian, moving towards the fort; ran after them, and soon took the English but the Indian got clear. Then I feared he would informe the fort: gave order, that all with one consent should run throw the river and not mind any otlier forme ; but he that could gett first to the fort, if they had opportunity, to offer them peace. If they would not accept to fall on, and by that time they were well entered the rest would be come up ; also I gave order for 2 companies to spread between the woods and the fort to prevent the escape of the enemie that way — all which was attended to. We were very wett running throw the river, but got up undiscovered to the fort till within shott ; few Indians we found there, but two men and a lad of about 18 ; with some women and children ; 5 ran into the river, 3 or 4 of which were killed. The lad of 18 made his escape up the river to another place where there was corn [ Canton Point ] about 40 or 50 miles up, after- wards we were well informed. We killed 6 or 7 and took eleven. Lodged in the fort that night. Only one of our men was wounded in that little scirmish. We made use of noe other firewood but the fort all the time we were there. Munday being the 15th instant, we having examined the Indians and the English captives, made search for come and other plunder. We found a prety deal of corn in barnes under ground, and destroyed it ; also we found guns and amunition a prety deal, with beaver and we took 5 English captives, viz.: Leiut. Robert Hookins his widow of Oyster River ; Benjamin Barnards wife of Salmon Falls; Ann Heard of Cochecho ; one Willises daughter of Oyester River, and a boy of Exeter." ..." We left two old squaws that were not able to march; gave them victuals enough for one week of their own boiled corn, and a little of our provisions, buried their dead, and left them clothes enough to keep them warme, and left the wigwams for them to lye in, — gave them orders to tell theire friends how kind we were to them, — bidding them doe the like to ours; also, if they were for peace to come to goodman Smalls att liarwick within 14 days, who would attend to discourse them. Then we came away with our own 5 captives and 9 of theirs, and waded throw the river, and returned in that day and one more to our vessells at Macquait." The war lasted for ten years. The commissioners, who negotiated the treaty, desired that the resident missionary among the Anasagunticooks should be removed " lest the treaty, if made, would be violated as heretofore through their instigation." The treaty was the same as that of 1693, with additional articles, and was ratified January 7, 1699. Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 49 The Anasagunticooks, during the period of Queen Anne's War, were not so prominent as they had hitherto been. It was not far from this time that the French induced many of them to retire to Canada, and with a few Wawenocks and Sokokis Indians, formed the St Francis tribe. Gradually they became reduced in numbers by removals to the settlement on the St Francis, and in a few years only a small number of the once powerful tribe that occupied the valley of the Androscoggin, remained. They undoubtedly engaged in subsequent wars, and were generally included in the treaties, but were rarely present when the treaties were ratified. Many years have passed since the last wandering Anasagunticook occupied the valley where they were once so numerous, and the name is known only in history. CHAPTER V. EARLY TITLES, OCCUPANCY, ETC. The Cabots— Mary of Guilford — English Claims — Norumbega — Bartholomew Gosnold and Other Discoverers— Acadia — French Claims and Occupancy — Captaiu Weymouth — Grants by James I — North Virginia — Plymouth Company — Captain John Smith — New England — Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason- Province of Maine— Laconia— First English Settlements— Kennebec and Other Patents — Plymouth Council — The Twelve Grand Divisions- Resignation of Plymouth Patent— William Gorges — New Patent of Maine — Gorgeana — Settlement under Gorges —Massachusetts Claims and Proprietorship. THE English claim to North America was based on its discovery by the Cabots in 1497 and 1498, yet the first Englishmen to set foot on its shores were part of the crew of the Mary of Guilford, a vessel com- manded by John Rut, which, with the Samson, sailed from Plymouth, England, June 10, 1527, in search of the northwest passage. They sailed toward Newfoundland where a great storm left only the Mary of Guilford to continue the search. From Newfoundland she sailed southward, returning "by the coasts of Newfoundland, Cape Breton, and Norumbega," i often entering the ports, landing men and examining the country, and reaching England in October. 1 At this time Norumbega, or Arambec, was the name given sometimes to Maine, and sometimes to the whole tract along the ocean from Nova Scotia to the river later called the Hudson. When and by whom first applied is now unknown. It appears on a French map of 1534 as Anorobagra, as Nurumbega on one of 1550, and may be shown perhaps on earlier ones. M. Andre Thevet, a French 50 History of ANDROSCOGGm County. In 1602 Bartholomew Gosnold sailed along the shores of Maine and gave so good a report of its resources, that in 1603 wealthy Englishmen fitted out the Speedwell (fifty tons), commanded by Martin Pring, and the Discoverer (twenty-six tons), for a trading expedition to America. Leaving Milford Haven, April 10, a few days after the death of Queen Elizabeth, a prosperous voyage brought them, June 7, to what we know as Penobscot bay. They coasted westward until they came to the Piscataqua, but finding no Indians to trade with they went south, secured valuable cargoes and sailed home in August. Pring made a second voyage in 1606, and in these voyages, accord- ing to Gorges, he made a perfect discovery of all these eastern rivers and harbors, and took to England the most accurate account of the coast which had come to that country. Henry IV of France granted to Pierre de Gast, Sieure de Monts, a royal patent, November 8, 1603, of all American territory between the fortieth and forty-sixth degrees of north latitude, under the name of Acadia. In 1604, under the pilotage of Samuel Champlain, who had explored the St Lawrence river the year before, he visited Nova Scotia, and by him St Croix was named, and a residence made for the winter on the island. The next May (1605) they sailed westerly, erected a cross at Kennebec, taking possession in the name of the king, passed along the coast to Cape Cod, returned to St Croix, and constructed a fort and established a settlement at Port Royal (Annapolis). This was the basis of the French claim so tenaciously held to this territory. The same year (1605) the English reached out for occupation of this coast. A vessel connnanded by George Weymouth was despatched (nominally by some enterprising English gentlemen) to discover a northwest passage, but doubtless the English government looked for his occupancy of territory " for the crown." Leaving the Downs March 31, on May 11 he reached America near Cape Cod, sailed north, and shortly thereafter was on the coast of Maine. Possession was taken of the country, and a valuable commerce was begun with the Indians, " for instance, one gave forty skins of beaver, sable, and otter, for articles of five shillings' value." An altercation arising. Captain Weymouth seized and carried to England five of the Indians — four of them persons of cosmographer, says that in ir)56 he sailed along the entire coast of Florida and visited the coast of Norumbega. He describes a river " which we call Norumbegue and the aborigines Agoncy, and marked on some charts as the Grand River [this is generally considered to be Penobscot bay], and upon its banks the French formerly erected a little fort about ten or twelve leagues from its mouth, which was surrounded by fresh water, and this place was named the fort of Norumbegue." He further states that some pilots would make him believe that this was the proper country of Canada, but he told them this was in 4r>° N. and Canada was in 50 or 52''. Richard Hakluyt in his " Discourse of Western Planting," written in 1584, considers Norumbega to extend along the coast without definite limits, in a southwestern direction from Cape Breton. Milton immortalized its name in " Paradise Lost," and many fabulous descriptions of its capital, The Lost City of New England, are given in the January (1877) number of the Mar/azlue of American History. Eben Norton Horsford, in his book, "The Dis- covery of the Ancient City of Norumbega," claims to have discovered its actual site on Charles river, above Boston. Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 51 rank. The voyage was financially successful, awoke an interest in the settle- ment of the New World that never abated, and was the means of establishing the English colonies to which the United States is the successor. But from this unprovoked and ill-advised seizure of the natives sprung much of the hatred of the English among the aborigines, and the later long and bloody wars with them arose from the distrust and revengeful feelings into which this arbitrary and cruel act changed the unsuspicious friendship and hospitality with which Weymouth's men were greeted. In 1606 a belt of twelve degrees on the American coast, embracing nearly all the soil from Cape Fear to Halifax, was set apart by James I for two companies under one "General Council of Government." One, North Virginia, included the land from the forty-first degree of north latitude to the forty-fifth ; the other extended from the thirty-fourth to the thirty-eighth degree. ^ The northern portion was granted to the Plymouth Company, formed in the west of England. The king retained the power of appointment of all officers, exacted homage and rent, and demanded one-fifth of all the gold and silver found, and one-fifteenth of all the copper for the royal treasury. " Not an element of popular liberty was introduced into these charters; the colonists were not recognized as a source of political power ; they were at the mercy of a double-headed tyranny composed of the king and his advisers, the Council and its agents." A new charter was given to the Council of Plymouth, November 3, 1620, granting the lands between the fortieth and forty-eighth degrees of north latitude, from sea to sea, as " New England in America." All powers of legislation, unlimited jurisdiction, and absolute property in this tract were given by this charter. This charter is the foundation of the numerous subsequent patents by which New England was divided, and its settlements and colonies located and limited. The name originated with the celebrated Captain John Smith, who, during the years from 1605 to 1616, was the greatest American explorer. He made a map of the American coast from Cape Cod to Penobscot in 1614, called it " New England," and wrote a brief history of the land. The name came into favor with the sovereign, and has been indelibly stamped upon this section of America. 1 The English settlement of Maine antedates by more than thirteen years that of Massachusetts. May 31, 1G07, eighteen days after the sailing of the Jamestown colony, two ships, commanded by George Popham and Raleigh Gilbert, sailed from Plymouth with one hundred and twenty persons to found a colony. This they did at the mouth of the Kennebec, where the name has been commemorated by Fort Popham. Their Episcopal minister, Richard Seymour, by prayer and sermon dedicated the spot and inaugurated their government. They fortified the ground, erected a fort of twelve guns, built a village of fifty houses, a church, and a thirty-ton vessel, the Virginia of Sagadahoc, the first ship built in America by Europeans. By various disheartenments the colonists became discouraged; they dispersed, and the colony ceased to exist. 52 History of Androscoggin County. Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Captain John Mason were prominent members of the Council of Plymouth. A man of intellect and courage, a most brilliant naval officer, and a leading spirit in many prominent historical events in England, Gorges had always a desire to create a new nation in the barbaric lands of America. He had been associated with Raleigh in founding the settlements in Virginia, was president of the first Council, and it was through him that the exploration and map of New England were made by John Smith. Fitting out several expeditions which came to naught, he at last became associated with Captain John Mason, a kindred spirit, who had been governor of Newfoundland.' The meeting of such men struck coruscant and rapid sparks of enthusiasm. In quick succession they secured various charters, which were intended to, and really did, cover most of the territory now in New Hampshire and Maine. A patent was given by King James to Gorges and Mason of " the country between the Merrimac and Kennebec to the farthest head of said rivers, and sixty miles inland," and all islands, etc., within five leagues of the shore, which the indenture says " they intend to call the Province of Maine." This has been erroneously stated to be the grant of Laconia^ but, as General Chamber- lain says, " The true Laconia grant was in 1629, and embraces the river and lake of the Iroquois (Champlain), and the lands bordering on these waters ten miles on the south and east, and still further west and north towards Canada." An association or mercantile organization formed by Gorges, Mason, and leading merchants of jjrominent English cities, sent many ships and some emigrants in 1622 and 1623, and established trading stations at Piscataqua, Monhegan, and, particularly in 1623, at Saco, where for fourteen years Gorges had attempted to establish a settlement. But the exclusive privileges granted to the Plymouth Council caused great complaint, especially in the jurisdiction over fisheries, and Gorges was summoned before the bar of the House of Commons, and called upon to deliver his patent. He made an able defence, and the king, although requested by the House, would not recall the Charter of the Plymouth Council. Public sentiment was so strong that it checked for some time the spirit of colonization, and the Council suspended active operations. In 1624 Gorges procured a patent of 24,000 acres at Agamenticus, now York, and individually began its settlement. In 1626 the New Plymouth colonists erected a trading-house at Penobscot, and the next year (1627) obtained from the Plymouth Council " the first Kennebec patent." March 19, 1627, the Council granted a patent to six associates, who joined twenty 1 The first grant of territory by the Plymouth Council was to him. It embraced " the lands between Merrimack and Naumkeag, from their sources to the sea, including all islands within three miles of the coast." The territory was named Mariana, and the grant was dated March 2, 1621. Early Titles, Occupancy, Etc. 53 others with them, and March 4, 1628, obtained a royal charter by which it became the colony of Massachusetts Bay. Its patent covered the lands between the lines a league southerly of the river Charles, and northerly of the Merrimack. January 13, 1629, the Kemieheck or Plymouth patent was granted. Mason and Gorges agreed this year to make the Piscataqua river their line of division, and the Plymouth Council, November 7, 1629, granted Mason the territory west of the Piscataqua in the Laconia grant as New Hainpskire. In 1630 was granted the Lyijonln patent, forty miles square, which extended t(j the Kennebunk river west, and Harpswell on the east. This was signed for the Council by its president, the Earl of Warwick, and Sir Ferdinando Gorges.' March 2, 1630, the 3Iii>permost Great Falls in Androscoi/f/hi river, referred to in the deed from Warumbee and five other Indian Sagamores, confirming the right of Richard Wharton and Thomas Purchase, executed July seventh, in the year of our Lord 1684, in the thirty -fifth year of the reign of King Charles the second." " And it is further Resolved, as the boundries of the Pejepscut Company so called, have not been ascertained, that the committee on the subject of unappropriated lands in the counties of Lincoln and Cumberland, be, and they are hereby directed not to locate or dispose of any lands lying upon Androscoggin river, and between said river and lands claimed by the Plymouth Company to the southward of the south line of Bakerstown [now Poland] bounded at the said Great Fall in Androscoggin river aforesaid, on the west and south line of Port Royal [now Livermore] on the east of said Andro seoeu. This bird has been seen in Androscoggin county. 92. WOOD PEWEE. Contopus virens. Linnceus. This miniature pewee in form and porportion, but differing in having only the upper half of the bill black and in not flirting his tail, is the last of all the birds to arrive. He builds a peculiar nest of lichens and moss, so saddled upon a limb as to resemble a knot, and he is rather partial to forests, although if the trees are numerous, he often nests in cities and towns. They are very active and by no means so pensive and melancholy as their striking note, pe-to-ivee, pe-to-ivdy, liee-reu, repeated very slowly, would seem to imply. 93. YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER. Empidonax flaviventris. Bainl. This rather rare bird is distinguishable by the yellow coloring beneath. Their nest, usually situated under the roots of trees, is very rare and has not been found in this county, so far as I am informed. Their note is a prolonged pea. 94. TRAILL'S FLYCATCHER. Empidonax pusillus traillii. Audubon. This fly-catcher is also a rather rare summer resident, nesting in the upright fork of a tree, usually about swamps where the insects are abundant. When- ever he utters his harsh, complaining note, he jerks back his head as if his vocal efforts were painfully difficult. 92 History of Androscoggin County. 95. LEAST FLYCATCHER. Empidonax minimus. Baird. Abundant and familiar, preferring the neighborhood of humanity, this well- known little bird is distinguishable from the Traill's only by his grayish rather than his brownish hue, and his smaller size. With the robin and the chipping sparrow, he is the most abundant of all our birds. He places his compact nest in the upright forks of trees, and his tireless chehee, chehee, uttered with a back- ward snap of his head and a flirt of his tail, is among the commonest of mid- summer sounds. The following is a catalogue of the other birds occurring in Androscoggin county, excluding the shore and water birds: — Second Order— MACROCHIRES.— Long-winged Birds. Eighteenth Family — Tkochilid.t:. — Hummingbirds. 96. Rubj-throated Hummingbird. Trochilus colubris. Linnceus. Nineteenth Family — Micropodidj*:. — Swifts. 97. Ciiimney Swift. Chretura pelagica. Linnaus. Twentieth Family — Caprimulgid^.— Goatsuckers. 98. Whip-poor-will. Antrostomus vociferus. Wilson. 99. Nightbawk. Cbordeiles virginianus. Gmelin. Third Order — PICI — Woodpeckers. Twenty-First Family — Picid.e. — Woodpeckers. 100. Hairy Woodpecker. Dryobates villosus. Linnceus. lOL Downy Woodpecker. Dryobates piibescens. Linnceus. 102. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides arcticus. Swa'mson. 103. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Sphyrapicus varius. Linnceus. 104. Pileated Woodpecker. Ceophloeus pileatus. Linnams. 105. Flicker or Yellow-hammer. Colaptes auratus. Linnceus. Fourtli Order— COCCYGES.— Kingfishers and Cuckoos. Twenty-Second Family — Alcedinid^. — Kingfishers. 106. Belted Kingfisher. Ceryle alcyon. Linnceus. Twenty-Third Family — Cuculid^. — Cuckoos. 107. Yellow-billed cuckoo. Coccyzus americauus. Linnceus. 108. Black-billed cuckoo. Coccyzus erythrophthalraus. Wilson. Fifth Order — RAPTORES.— Birds of Prey. Twenty-Fourth Family — Bubonid.e. — Owls. 109. American Long-eared Owl. Asio wilsonianus. Lesson. 110. Short-eared Owl. Asio accipitrinus. Fallds. HI. Barred Owl. Syrnium nebulosum. Forster. 112. Great Gray Owl. Ulula cinerea. Gmelin. 113. Richardson's Owl. Nyctala tengmalmi richardsoni. Bonaparte. 114. Saw-whet Owl. Nyctala acadica. Gmelin. 115. Screech Owl. Bubo virginianus. Gmelin. 116. Great Horned Owl. Megascops asio. Linnaus. 117. Snowy Owl. Nyctea nyctea. Linnceus. 118. Hawk Owl. Surnia ulula. Linnceus. Twenty-Fifth Family — Falconid^.. — Hawks and Eagles. 119. Marsh Hawk. Circus hudsonius. Linnceus. 120. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Accipiter velox. Wilson. The Birds of Androscoggin County. 93 12J. Cooper's. Hawk. Accipiter cooperi. Bonaparte. 122. Aiuericau Goshawk. Accipiter atricapillus. Wilson. 123. Red-tailed Hawlt. liuteo boreaiis. Gmelin. 124. Red-shouldered Hawk. Buteo linneatus. Gmelin. 125. Broad-wiuged Hawk. Buteo latissimus. Wilson. 126. Rough-legged Hawk. Archibuteo lagopus. Brilnnich. 127. Bald Eagle. Halia?etus leucocephalus. Linnreus. 128. Duck Hawk. Falco peregriiius anatum. Bonaparte. 129. Pigeon Hawk. Falco colunibarius. Linnreus. 130. American Sparrow Hawk. Falco sparverius. Linnccus. 131. American Osprey or Fish-hawk. Pandion haliai'tus carolinensis. Gmelin. Sixth Order -COLUMBiE. Twenty-Seventh Family — Columbid.e. — Pigeons. 132. Passenger Pigeon. Ectopistes migratorius. Linnreus. Seventh Order — GALLING. Twenty-Eighth Family — Tetraonid.e. — Grouse. 133. Rufied Grouse. Bonasa umbellus. Linnreus. The following is a list of birds (excluding shore and water birds) which have been observed in the state of Maine but have not yet been reported as occurring in Androscoggin county : — First Family — Turdid^. 1. Bicknell's Thrush. Turdus alicia' bicknelli. Bidgway. Second Family — Silviid^. 2. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Polioptila CiBrulea. LAnnccus. Seventh Family— Mniotiltid^. 3. Connecticut Warbler. Geothlypis agilis. Wilson. 4. Mourning Warbler. Geothlypis Philadelphia. Wilson. Eighth Family — Vireonid.e. 5. Philadelphia Vireo. Vireo philadelphicus. Cassin. Thirteenth Family — Fringillid^. G. Lapland Longspur. Calcarius lapponicus. Linnoius. 7. Ipswich Sparrow. Ammodramus princeps. 3Iaynarcl. 8. Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Ammodramus caudacutus. Gmelin. Fifteenth Family — Corvid^. 9. Canada Jay. Perisoreus canadensis. Linnaus. Twenty-First Family— Picid^. 10. American Three-toed Woodpecker. Picoides araericanus. Brehm. 11. Red-headed Woodpecker. Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Linnceus. Twenty-Fifth Family^ — Falconid^. 12. Golden Eagle. Aquila chrysaetos. Linnceus. 13. Gray Gyrfalcon. Falco rusticolus. Linnceus. 14. Black Gyrfalcon. Falco rusticolus obsoletus. Gmelin. Twenty-Sixth Family — CATHARTiDiE. 15. Turkey Vulture. Cathartes aura. Linnccus. Twenty-Seventh Family — Columbid.e. 16. Mourning Dove. Zenaidura macroura. Linnreus. Twenty-Eighth Family — Tetraonid.e. 17. Bob-White. Colinus virgiuianus. Linnceus. 18. Canada Grouse. Dendragapus canadensis. Liunceus. 94 History of Androscoggin County. CHAPTER IX. MAIL ROUTES, RAILROADS, AND POST-OFFICES. Early Mail Routes — Staging — Railroads— Post-Offices and Postmasters. EARLY MAIL ROUTES. — In 1793 a new highway was opened from Augusta to Portland by way of Monmouth, Greene, etc. By the old route via Bath it took two days to reach Portland from Hallowell, but by this new road Portland could be reached in the forenoon of the second day, if Monmouth was reached for breakfast on the first day. This new route was adopted as the United States mail route when the mail service was established in 1794. The mails were carried weekly by " post-riders " on horseback ; the mail was in a pouch fastened behind the saddle. The rider had another bag for local mail matter for the conveyance of which he received extra pay. He gave warning of his approach by blowing a long tin horn, so he should not be delayed. This route was from Portland to Gray, New Gloucester, Greene, Monmouth, Winthrop, Hallowell, Pittston, Pownalborough, to Wiscasset. The first post-rider between Portland and Winthrop was William Blossom. Another route led from Portland to Gorham, Baldwin, Fryeburg, Bridgton, Waterford, Norway, Paris, Hebron, Poland, New Gloucester, and Gray, to Portland. The post-riders were Joseph Howe, Seba Smith, William Sawin, and Joshua Pool. A weekly post route was established in 1806 from Portland through New Gloucester, Danville, Minot, Turner, Livermore, Hartford, Buckfield, Paris, and other towns to Portland. Josiah Smith was the first post-rider. In the first of the century John Walker went through the Androscoggin towns from Livermore to Danville every week, doing the work of a modern expressman and private letter-carrier between those towns and Portland. In 1826 a post route was established from Brunswick through the upper Androscoggin towns, but from 1824 Joseph Griffin had sustained a weekly mail route from Brunswick to Jay, primarily established for the distribution of the Maine Baptist Herald he published at Brunswick. The first mail service to Lewiston was probably given by Samuel Nash, who rode a gig from Portland to Augusta, on tri-weekly trips. He was succeeded by Thomas Longle}^ who came to Greene in 1810. In 1830, or earlier, tri-weekly stage lines were established on the principal mail routes, and the mails were then carried by them. "Tom" Longley put on the first coach on the Portland and Augusta route at that time. He was driver and proprietor for many years, g,nd wa,s the heau ideal of a dashing Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 95 driver, courteous and obliging, tall and commanding in appearance. He had a wonderful memory, and it is said that in the many errands entrusted to him he never made a memorandum and never forgot the smallest detail. He was a marvelous story-teller and the aroma of his narrations yet lingers in the atmosphere of the places along his route. In later life he left the box and became an hotel keeper in Portland. Starting from Augusta in the morning the stage reached Lewiston at noon and Portland at night. Two dollars was the usual fare, but sometimes a route by Brunswick lowered rates by competition. Four relays of horses were used in the palmiest days of the stage-coach, and changes were made at Winthrop, Greene, and Gray. At Littlefield's tavern, in Danville, the stage from Farm- ington was met, and two coaches were generally required from there to Portland. Longley sold the route to Edward Little, Esq., and he sold it to Charles Clark, who is presumably the last survivor of the early " whips." Among the successors of Longley as drivers were his son Benjamin, Lewis Howe of Leeds, Albion C. Howard, and Benjamin Beede. With the building of railroads staging lost its splendors, and the small lines connecting with the cars to-day have not the prestige, coaches, or romance of the early time. The veteran driver of the old time who tarried longest was Phineas Clough, for many years seated on the box of the Turner and Livermore stage. Railroads. — The Grand Trunk Railway in Maine is the successor of the Atlantic and St Lawrence Railroad Company, incorporated by the State Legis- lature February 10, 1845. This road was completed to Mechanic Falls, thirty- seven miles, in the autumn of 1848. The Grand Trunk leased this road, in 1853, at a rental of six per cent, on the cost of construction of the oiie hundred and forty-nine miles from Portland to Island Pond — $6,003,900. This road has done much to develop the resources of the country along its line, and has created several prosperous villages. In Maine it operates under a lease, the branch from Lewiston to Lewiston Junction — 5.41 miles — and at Mechanic Falls it receives the road of the Rumford Falls and Buckfield Railroad Company, extending to the Androscoggin river in Canton. Maine Central Railroad. — Under this name is operated several railroads built under early charters by different companies. The Androscoggin and Kennebec Railroad Company was chartered March 28, 1847, and by January 1, 1850, it had built a road from Waterville to Danville, Mdiere it connected with the Atlantic and St Lawrence Railroad. The Penobscot and Kennebec Railroad Company was chartered April 5, 1845, and constructed a road from Bangor to Waterville, making there a connection with the Androscoggin and Kennebec. A law was enacted, in 1856, authorizing these two companies to consolidate under a new name. One section of the law was not acceptable to the companies, and they did not form the new corporation until after this 96 History of Androscoggin County. section was repealed. September 9, 1862, the union was effected, and October 28, 1862, the Maine Central Railroad Company was organized. The Kennebec and Portland Railroad Company, chartered in 1836, built a road from Augusta to Yarmouth, connecting there with the Atlantic and St Lawrence Railroad, and a branch from Brunswick to Bath. Later it extended its road from Yarmouth to Portland. In 1852 this corporation mortgaged its road to secure an issue of |!250,000 in bonds. This mortgage was foreclosed and title obtained of the road by the mortgagees, and a new corporation, the Portland and Kennebec Railroad Company, organized May 20, 1862. January 1, 1864, this road leased the Somerset and Kennebec Railroad (organized August 10, 1848), reaching from Skowhegan to Augusta. May 20, 1870, the Portland and Kennebec Company leased its road and assigned its lease of the Somerset and Kennebec id the Maine Central for nine hundred and ninety-nine years. The Androscoggin Railroad was constructed from Farmington to Leeds Junction. Under the state law the company issued its bonds, securing them by a mortgage on the road. Later the company was authorized to extend its railroad to Brunswick, and it was provided that this new portion should not be subject to the mortgage. The mortgaged portion of the road became the property of the mortgagees by foreclosure. May 11, 1865. They formed a new corporation, the Leeds and Farmington Railroad Company. The Androscoggin Railroad then extended from Leeds to Brunswick, covering the branch from Crowley's Junction to Lewiston. June 1, 1867, the Leeds and Farmington Railroad Company leased its road to the Androscoggin Railroad Company, which, June 29, 1871, gave a lease of its road for nine hundred and ninety-nine years to the Maine Central, and assigned to it its lease of the Leeds and Farminsrton road. This lease was later confirmed and extended to nine hundred and ninety-nine years by the company owning the road. Thus, in 1872, the Maine Central Company had long leases of the Portland and Kennebec Railroad, the Somerset and Kennebec Railroad, the Andros- coggin Railroad, and the Leeds and Farmington Railroad. By an act of February 7, 1872, these corporations were authorized to unite with the Maine Central in a mortgage to secure bonds issued by that company. The Maine Central now operates and controls in Maine, besides the above, the Newport and Dexter Railroad, the Belfast and Moosehead Lake Railroad, the Eastern Maine, the European and North American, the Portland and Ogdensburg, the Knox and Lincoln, and the road from Bangor to Bar Harbor. The distance along some of these lines are : Portland to Vanceboro, 250.8 miles ; Cumber- land Junction to Waterville, 72.5 miles; Bath to Farmington, 71.2 miles; Crowley's to Lewiston, 4.7 miles; Waterville to Skowhegan, 18.2 miles; Belfast and Moosehead Lake Railroad, 33.1 miles; Dexter and Newport Railroad, 14 miles; Eastern Maine Railroad, 18.8 miles; Bangor and Bar Harbor Railroad, 42.6 miles. Mail Routpis, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 97 These roads have done a great work in opening the country, in developing manufacturing, and although the early stockholders were in most cases losers, and many difficulties attended tlie construction, to-day no section of the country has better shipping facilities or patronizes the railroads more. We fittingly close with an extract from the diary of one who noted some of the occurrences in railroading in its beginnings in this county. The Androscoggin branch of the Maine Central was opened to travel from Leeds Junction to Liverniore Falls, in November, 1852. The rolling stock consisted of one small engine, one baggage, and two passenger cars, also a few box and flat cars. There were no snow fences, and many hard times were experienced in getting through the snow. December 29, 1853, fifteen inches of snow fell, drifting so that no trains were run, and no trains were run December 30, but one managed to get through to Livermore Falls late in the afternoon of December 31st. Again, February 23, 1854, it commenced snowing at 4 A.M., and continued all day. The train started from Leeds Junction at 10 a.m., and ran about three miles and got stuck in a drift, and as the engine was getting short of wood and water, the engineer left the cars and proceeded about two miles to Pettengill's crossing, where he filled the tender with water, carrying it in pails from the brook about ten rods. It was very cold and the men were covered with ice. As it was near night, the engineer concluded to stop there all night. The passengers, two ladies and three men, were obliged to stay in the cars two days and one night. Friday morning, the 24th, commenced shovelling out the track, and 2 p.m. got the engine down to the cars, and carried the ladies to Abram Wheeler's, then started toward Leeds Junction and arrived there at 12 p.m. Saturday, February 25th, they left Leeds Junction at noon and went as far as North Leeds and stopped all night. February 26th they left North Leeds at 7 a.m., arrived at Livermore Falls at noon, and did not start again until Wednesday, March 1st. March 18th the train left Leeds Junction at 11 a.m., went about one mile, got stuck and returned. March 19. —Snowed all day. No trains over the road to-day. March 20. — Train left the Junction at noon and arrived at Livermore Falls at 5 p.m. March 24. — Two feet of snow fell. No trains over the road to-day. March 25. — Snow deep on the track. No trains to-day. March 26.— Very blustering. No trains to-day. March 27. — Very blustering. No train to-day. March 28-29-30-31. — No trains. April 1.— Train went down at 2 P.M. Sunday, April 2. — Trains made regular trips. December 9. — ^ Very blustering last night; train left Livermore Falls on time this morning with two engines, and when near Leeds Centre ran off the track and completely wrecked both engines and baggage car. Nobody was injured. The veteran Josiah Littlefleld was one of the engineers. January 19, 1855. —Snowed hard all day. No trains run 20th. Snow-plough with one engine left the junction at 12 m., got to Livermore Falls at 10 p.m., and returned to Leeds Junction same night. February 19, 1856. —Very blustering all day. No trains on the Androscoggin Railroad to-day. January 9, 1857. — Train run off the track; nobody injured; 19th, snowed fast all day; no trains; 10th, train left Leeds Junction at 6.30 p.m. January 22. — Snowed all day; 23d, fair and colder; no trains run to-day; 24th, train got to Leeds at 9.30 P.M. During the winter of 1858 there was but little snow and trains were run regularly all winter. Commenced running to East Wilton December 2Ist. January 1, 1859. — Commenced snowing at 10 a.m., and continued all day. No trains up to-day. January 5. — Train with two engines left Leeds Junction for East Wilton at 2 p.m., and went as far as Leeds Center, and thinking that it would be impossible to get through, returned to Leeds Junction. Soon after they returned, Charles Garcelon, with an engine called the "old widow," and snow-plow came down. If the up train had not returned, 98 History op Androscoggin County. undoubtedly there would have been a serious accident, as there was no telegraphic line, and the up train did not know that " the widow" was coming. After " the widow " had arrived at Leeds Junction, the two engines with passenger train left Leeds at 10 p.m. February 3.— John Kauflfer, engineer, burnt his mouth and throat so badly in blowing into a pet-cock which was frozen on his engine, that he died in a few hours. February 4.— Train went down at 8 p.m., and did not go up till 1 a.m., February 5th. February 10, I8G0. — Stormy and blustering all day. Train arrived at Curtis Corner at 2 p.m., out of water and wood, and was obliged to haul water about twenty rods in a hogshead with a yoke of oxen. Six passengers put up at S. Brewster's for the night. The engineer, Mr. Parker, stayed in his engine all night. The other train men stopped at S. Brewster's. February 11.— Got the engine fired up and started for Leeds Junction at 1.30 p.m., and returned to Farmington that night. January 16, 1861. — Snowed fast all day. No trains to-day. January 17. —No trains run. January 18. —Train got down at 7 p.m. February 2. — Snow fell four inches last night, rained, and made a crust, and no trains were run to-day. Februarys. — Was called the cold Friday; thirty degrees below at sunrise and very windy. No trains run to-day. February 9. — No trains run to-day. February 21. — Cold and blustering. The morning train from Farmington got down to Leeds Junction at 5 p.m., and returned that night. February 22. — Very blustering. No trains run to-day. February 23. — No trains run. January 2, 1862. — Cold and very blustering. Train went down but did not return till 10.30 p.m., January 3d. January 22. — Snowed all day. Train went down but did not return till Sunday morning, January 26th. January 27. — Train went down at 1.30 p.m., and did not return till 1 a.m., January 30th. Post-Offices and Postmasters. — The first post-office established in the limits of this county was Greene, April 1, 1796; the next was Lewiston, July 15, 1799, We are indebted to researches made in the Post-Office Department at Washington, by Asa P. Knight for the Lewiston Journal, in 1882, for the following valuable compilation of postmasters and date of appointment on taking office. A few of the dates are approximative only. Auburn (established as Goff's Corner, changed to Lewiston Falls, July 18, 1854, to Auburn, December 27, 1854). — James Goff, March 28, 1825; Edward Little, September 16, 1826; James Goff, Jr, February 24, 1835; Joseph D. Davis, June 6, 1849; Daniel G. Hall, March 30, 1853; Freeman Newell, November 28, 1853; Rufus Penley, May 29, 1858; Silvester Oakes, March 19, 1861; Willard Small, August 24, 1866; Jonathan A. Hill, March 11, 1867; Henry Little, July 18, 1868; Delance Young, April 28, 1885, John C. Blake, February 14, 1890. West Auhurn (established as Nason's Mills, changed to Auburn, March 5, 1842, to West Auburn, December 27, 1854). — Palfrey Lane, March 20, 1833; Enoch Littlefield, July 3, 1834; Nathaniel Small, February 9, 1839; Enoch Littlefield, October 20, 1840; Samuel H. Pickard, November 9, 1842; Enoch Littlefield, December 22, 1842; George Ricker, Jr, February 1, 1850; Apollos C. Howard, March 7, 1860; George Ricker, August 5, 1861; Henry M. Packard, December 15, 1862; John M. Perry, December 11, 1871; E. S. Crafts, October 2, 1884. Hast Auburn.— John C. Briggs, July 2, 1844; discontinued July 2, 1845; re-established with same postmaster, December 24, 1849; Stillman T. Allen, April 10, 1863; C. Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 99 White, December 3, 1863; John C. Briggs, August 13, 1866; Charles Withington, October 30, 1866; William K. Vickery, December 13, 1866; Alvin Waterman, July 7, 1871; David A. Whitman, March 8, 1882; Charles F. Curtis, July 1, 1889. North Auharn (established as Center Minot, changed to present name June 7, 1845). — Oliver Pollard, December 19, 1825; Stephen Packard, February 13, 1835; Oliver Pollard, June 18, 1841; Stephen Packard, June 7, 1845; Joseph Keitli, July 14, 1849; Isaac Osgood, May 19, 1853; Levi Perry, October 3, 1857; Isaac Osgood, January 6, 1862. Auburn Plains. — F. A. Allen, commissioned postmaster June 5, 1889; office opened July 1st. South Auhurn (established as West Danville, changed to present name, March 10, 1868). — Joseph S. Foster, March 11, 1850; discontinued November 13, 1850; re-established with same postmaster, December 16, 1850; Samuel Hicks, June 30, 1852; Brackett Marston, December 29, 1853; William Freeman, October 6, 1859; Joseph W. Foster, August 16, 1864; Israel T. Merrill, March 14, 1866; Quade L. Allen, January 25, 1875; John R. Pulsifer, February 11, 1875; Loring Lovejoy, October 13, 1882; J. G. Dexter, November, 1883. South DanviUe. — Emerson Bowie, March 27, 1886; Mrs. A. M. Bowie, December 30, 1886. Danville. — Moses Rowe, February 13, 1822; Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, May 15, 1826; Jeremiah Stinchfield, November 13, 1850; Oliver Waterman, May 17, 1860; Nathaniel G. Sturgis, November 14, 1861; Oliver D. Stinchfield, October 7, 1864; Harriet W. Ingersoll, December 10, 1866; S. S. Waterhouse, December 7, 1885; P. M. Austin, August 20, 1888; C. A. Leonard, April 12, 1890; Charles Thurston, December, 1890. Durham (established as South West Bend, changed to Durham, September 3, 1849). — Joseph Merrill, December 17, 1835; Rufus Jordan, December 5, 1837; JamesStrout,Jr, April 2, 1840; William L. Harmon, June 3, 1841 ; Rufus Jordan, June 7, 1845; James Strout, Jr, March 31, 1846; Emery S. Warren, June 27, 1849; James Strout, Jr, March 30, 1853; E. S. Warren, August 10, 1858; Henry Fitz, September 6, 1861; James H. Eveleth, March 21, 1862; George E. Warren, September 24,1885; Marcus W. Eveleth, June 26,1890. West Durham (established as Durham, changed to West Durham, September 3, 1849). — Thomas Freeman, December 16, 1818; Alvan Robinson, November 26, 1819; Job Sylvester, 3d, March 15, 1822; Aaron Turner, January 24, 1831 ; Benjamin M. Moses, April 7, 1835 ; Ward Bonney, July 24, 1835 ; Alvena Moses, December 21, 1838; Joshua Lambert, August 24, 1839; William G. Hoyt, June 3, 1841; Job P. Sylvester, January 7, 1847; William G. Hoyt, September 6,1849; Elisha Strout, March 30,1853; Job P. Sylvester, March 31, 1854; Simon W. Miller, December 4, 1861; Charles W. Harding, February 4, 1865; Charles G. Burgess, March 30, 1868 ; Nathan Bangs, June 24, 1870 ; Christopher Moses, October 22, 1878; Nathan Bangs, December 17, 1878; Charles D. Dow, October 3, 1881; Samuel W. Wilson, November 7, 1881; F. M. Soper, June 100 History of Androscoggin County. 1, 1884; R. A. Rich, October 25, 1887. Garcelon's Ferry. — O. S. Libby, November, 1885; soon discontinued. South Durham. — Thomas Tuttle, February 19, 1830; Thomas Estes, September 5, 1835; Francis A. B. Hussey, June 3, 1841; John Collins, January 17,1843; Thomas Estes, June 7,1845; Amos F. Lunt, May 29, 1849; Alfred Gatchell, March 30, 1853; Jeremiah G. Duran, April 26,1855; George Tuttle, August 12, 1801; Thomas C. Pinkham, January 26, 1866; Charles C. Smith, October 17, 1873; Amos F. Lunt, October 14, 1885. G-reene (established as Greene, changed to Greene Depot, December 10, 1849, and to Greene, May 3, 1851). — Benjamin Merrill, April 1, 1796; Luther Bobbins, March 13, 1804; Alfred Pierce, September 17, 1840; Nathaniel Robbins, August 2, 1841; Alfred Pierce, August 16, 1843; George H. Dear- born, September 29, 1849; William C. Dow, May 3, 1851; Nathaniel Harris, April 23, 1853; Erastus H. Morse, November 27, 1860; Everett L. Mower, Jan- uary 14, 1863; H. W. Gamage, July 15, 1886; Everett L. Mower, November 16, 1889. Greene Corner (established as Greene, changed to present name. May 3, 1851). — Elijah Barrell, December 10, 1849; Alfred Pierce, April 10, 1853; Albion Pierce, May 8, 1860; Franciana Pratt, July 13, 1863. North Greene (established June 18, 1883). — Z. A. Gilbert, present incumbent commissioned first postmaster. Leeds. — Solomon Lothrop, August 27, 1822; Giddings Lane, Jr, June 17, 1829; Joseph Scammon, April 19,1830; Stillman Howard, May 10, 1834; J. W. L. Mitchell, August 18, 1837; Thomas W. Bridghara, April 18, 1840; Franklin B. Leonard, July 10, 1841; Issacher Lane, July 19, 1845; Isaac T. Boothby, April 9, 1849; Solomon T. Lothrop, June 6, 1853; Green G. More, October 7, 1864; Charles H. Lane, January, 28, 1868; Albert Knight, January 30, 1880; Willard Lothrop, May 10, 1880; W. L. Francis, March 22, 1886. EfM Leeds. — Stephen Day, August 5, 1840; discontinued, October 8, 1842. North Leeds. ~V^?i\iQ\: Foss, January 28, 1826; Reuel Foss, March 5, 1842; Thomas C. Foss, August 7, 1861; Jason Woodman, December 20, 1871; Louisa M. Woodman, December 10, 1880; Charles A. Whitehouse, August 18, 1888. South Leeds. — Martin Leonard, June 6, 1826; Franklin B. Leonard, August 27, 1828; Joshua S. Turner, December 5, 1838; Oscar D. Turner, July 27,1840; John Gilmore, July 10, 1841; Salmon A. Wing, August 16,1843; Ormand T. Wing, June 2, 1856; William Wing, March 10, 1863; Sanford Gil- bert, May 19, 1863; James L. Bates, January 2, 1865; Duane S. Wing, March 12, 1867; Greenleaf Parker, January 18, 1876; Lois V. Parker, August 3, 1887. West Leeds. — Jonas P. Lee, April 10, 1828; Perez S. Jennings, November 15, 1828; discontinued, April 18, 1840; established with Gessius F. Jennings, postmaster, February 24, 1866; Stephen R. Deane, April 28, 1868; G. A. Jen- nings, May 2, 1883; Roscoe E. Swain, June 30, 1888. Curtis Corner. — Salmon Brewster, January 22, 1853; H. M. Brewster, December 10, 1887. Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 101 LewiMon. — Dixn Read, July 15, 1799; William R. Frye, December 9, 1839; Mark Lowell, May 24, 1842; Nelson B. Reynolds, February 26, 1846; John Smith, February 26, 1849; Oliver Herrick, June 15, 1849; John Herrick, July 26, 1852; William R. Frye, March 5, 1853 ; Joseph P. Fessenden, April 17, 1861 ; George A. Parker, June 7, 1870; Horace C. Little, January 30, 1879; Charles Walker, April 1, 1887; William T. Smart, April 1, 1891. South Lewiston.— Joseph Daniels, September 16, 1867; Benjamin F. Morrell, August 27, 1874; Albert B. Clark, June 12, 1879; Andrew J. Hinkley, July 26, 1880; H. W. Knowles, September 26, 1882. Lisbon (established as Factoryville, changed to Lisbon, December 6, 1834). — Robert Jack, October 3,1823; Samuel Moody, June 23, 1832; Benja- min Burgess, February 8, 1836; Joshua Gerrish, October 26,1838; Reuben 1). Rand, May 28, 1856; Levi T. Coombs, November 7, 1857; Cliarles B. Jordan, January 6, 1862; Charles W. Gerrish, April 7, 1873; Hannah W. Gerrish, January 6, 1880; J. M. Corbett, July 31, 1885; Alfred E. Jordan, August 10, 1889. Lisbon Falls (established as Little River Village, changed to present name, February 20, 1865). — William P. Davis, December 14, 1818; Ezekiel Thompson, February 3, 1819; Joseph Cowing, March 30, 1832; Josiah Lane, December 11, 1834; Moses Tibbetts, February 17, 1842; James Booker, August 19, 1845 ; Jedediah Moulton, December 23,1845; Warren A. Bibber, January 29, 1853; Aaron I. West, March 29, 1853; John O. Tracy, November 29, 1855; John H. Coombs, November 6, 1858; Seth P. Grossman, July 2, 1861; Samuel Crowell, February 4, 1868; Horace C. White, April 8, 1869; George W. Coombs, July 24, 1874; George Plummer, January 22, 1883; John H. Coombs, October 28,1885; George Plummer, November 9, 1889. Lisbon OeMter. — John W. Jordan, August 4, 1884; A. K. P. Edwards, August 15, 1888. Last Livermore. — Francis F. Haines, October 8, 1822; William B. Small, February 9, 1839; F. F. Haines, June 30, 1841; William B. Small, March 2, 1846; F. F. Haines, August 15, 1851; William B. Small, March 2, 1852; Francis Morrill, January 11, 1854; Jonathan Lovejoy, July 7, 1854; Elisha B. Lovejoy, June 29, 1863; Jonathan Lovejoy, April 25, 1865; Amos Hobbs, December 24, 1867; Francis J. Folsom, September 24, 1868; Caleb P. Brown, February 29, 1876; Francis J. Folsom, August 12, 1878; Mrs. Ellen M. Folsom, January 5, 1886. East Livermore Mills (changed from Brown's Mills, January 19, 1872). — Eli N. Berry, January 5, 1872; W. A. Francis, April 1, 1886; Eli N. Berry, May 1, 1889. Livermore J^a/^s. — Elisha Pettengill, December 21, 1830; Nathaniel Mayo, July 13, 1841; David Hale, April 2, 1844; Oliver Pettingill, August 22, 1845; Comfort Pettingill, March 7, 1848; Stillman Reed, July 1, 1861; Alvin Record, June 22, 1870; W. S. Treat, September 14, 1885; J. F. Jefferds, September 19, 1889. Livermore (Brettun's Mills). — Benjamin Prescott, April 1, 1807; Benja- min Bradford, September 30, 1809; Isaac Strickland, March 27, 1825; William 102 History of Androscoggin County. H. Brettun, December 12, 1838; Doribus Morrison, May 11, 1842; G. W. C. Washburn, June 11, 1844 ; David Leavitt, February 2, 1849 ; Isaac Strickland, June 4, 1852; William Child, January 7, 1853; Samuel H. Morse, September 20, 1856; Lee Strickland, March 13, 1858; Lamont O. Stevens, August 2, 1862; Augustus H. Strickland, September 25, 1869; Oliver P. Stevens, October 29, 1869; Lamont O. Stevens, July 7, 1870; George T. Piper, July 31, 1871; A. H. Strickland, May 3, 1876; George T. Piper, October 1, 1878; Roscoe G. Goding, May 17, 1885; W. F. Fuller, September 23, 1886. m-ickJands Ferry. — Solomon Millett, December 10, 1853; Leonard Knight, December 23, 1861; David P. Hodgdon, November 25, 1863; Alonzo P. Russell, August 9, 1865; Alpheus E. Guild, April 13, 1866; George F. Piper, March 27, 1867; John R. Millett, September 1, 1868; Russell B. Hersey, May 11, 1869; John R. Millett, August 28, 1871 ; R. B. Hersey, January 5, 1874 ; Charles A. Libby, May 13, 1875; Frank H. Sawtelle, May 3, 1877 ; Albert Caswell, December 11, 1877; George D. Emery, March 21, 1878; N. H. Sawtelle, February 20, 1886. Livermore Ce7iter. — John L. Wyman, June 21, 1839; Abner Moore, November 30, 1841; Alvan C. Harlovi^, February 5, 1856; Joseph Baird, July 22, 1859; Alvan C. Harlow, September 20, 1860; John W. Bigelow, July 17, 1873; John L. Cummings, April 6, 1877; Frank B. Bigelow, July 19, 1882; John L. Cummings, January 1, 1883; W. Carver, July 15, 1885; John L. Cummings, January, 1888. North Livermore. — Reuel Washburn, May 5, 1824 ; Jesse Stone, January 29, 1830 ; Reuel Washburn, December 13, 1841 ; George D. Norton, January 22, 1847 ; Matthew M. Stone, December 26, 1849 ; Ephraim M. Steadman, February 4, 1858; Samuel P. Holman, March 10, 1860; Seth D. Washburn, May 31, 1861; George D. Norton, December 8, 1862; Augustus W. Coolidge, December 4, 1865 ; George Q. Gammon, July 27, 1868; Roscoe G. Godding, April 20, 1870; A. W. Coolidge, September 26, 1877; C. F. Roberts, October 23, 1888; Hattie L. Coolidge, March 19, 1889. South Livermore. — George F. Chase, August 19, 1856; Elbridge G. Bryant, January 31, 1857; discontinued from May 8, 1858, to May 24, 1858; Joi) Chase, May 24, 1858 ; George F. Chase, June 18, 1877; William S. Moore, November 8, 1878; Mrs. M. F. Norton, November 1, 1889. Minot (called Minot or Poland indiscriminately until Poland office was established, April 8,1816). — Samuel Swett, January 1, 1801; Daniel Cash, October 1, 1804; Nathan P. Woodbury, October 1, 1805; Ebenezer Simonton, May 3, 1813; William H. Woodbury, January 2, 1818; Nathan L. Woodbury, Novend^er 2, 1832; Jabez C. Woodman, July 20, 1841; Nathan P. Woodbury, December 23, 1843; Willard H. Woodbury, June 29, 1847; William Dale, June 28, 1849; Josiah D. Pulsifer, March 30, 1853; John Freeman, Jr, November 14, 1854; Cyrus Green, December 11, 1855; Abeiza S. Freeman, January 28, 1857; Seth M. Milliken, January 6, 1862; Joseph Freeman, Mail Routes, Railroads, and Post-Offices. 103 December 26, 1862; Lyman M. Cousens, September 18, 1865; William H. Rounds, July 27, 1868 ;• Rebecca F. Rounds, December 10, 1880. Mechanic Falls. — Samuel F. Waterman, October 27, 1841; Jacob Dwinal, July 21, 1845; Samuel Carr, May 2, 1849; Merrill W. Stront, July 7, 1851; Alexander B. Dwinal, February 24, 1853; Charles K. Smith, July 2, 1856; Samuel F. Waterman, June 26, 1861; Oliver B. Dwinal, October 8, 1866; Joseph Buck- nam, April 8, 1869; Jason Hall, July 19, 1869; F. E. Dwinal, April 1, 1883; Frank A. Millett, February 22, 1887; F. E. Dwinal, April 1, 1891. West iUfmof. — Calvin Bridgham, February 9, 1825; William Lowell, June 3, 1841; Levi Whittemore, July 21, 1845; Calvin Bridgham, August 15, 1846; William Lowell, April 23, 1840; David B. Sawyer, March 30, 1853; Joshua Parsons, June 23, 1856; Gideon Bearce, September 16, 1861; L. Y. Millett, December 10, 1885; Gideon Bearce, July 1, 1889. East Minot. — Martin Leavitt, December 25, 1827; discontinued April 9, 1835; John A. Dunning, September 7, 1839; discontinued April 3, 1842. Poland. — Robert Waterman, April 8, 1816; James Hackett, June 7, 1817; Jabez True, Jr, November 8, 1819; Josiah Jordan, May 16, 1823; David Dunn, December 12, 1838; William Cousens, June 29, 1841; David Dunn, June 7, 1845; Freeland Marble, July 29, 1845; David Dunn, December 30, 1847; William Cousens, September 28, 1849; George Bridgham, March 30, 1853; Otis West, December 21, 1854; David Dunn, September 25, 1856; Cyrus Briggs, September 10, 1857; Charles Lane, June 18, 1861; Levi N. Estes, October 24, 1865; Charles Lane, June 17, 1867; George E. Houghton, March 31, 1871; Charles Lane, October 3, 1872; Sumner I. Rowe, July 22, 1880. Charles Rowe, July 27, 1883. East Po?aw(7. — Reuben B. Dunn, Jan- uary 28, 1834; discontinued June 29, 1836; Jonas W. Strout, June 23, 1837; discontinued April 22, 1842; Gilman Martin, September 4, 1849; Jonas W. Strout, September 21, 1855; William H. Rounds, December 23, 1861 ; Luther B. Knight, September 18, 1865; Agnes M. Walker, January 8, 1872; Daniel W. Bailey, May 14, 1877. South Poland. — Yiiv am Ricker, June 4, 1862. WortUe ij. — YiixmlQt L. Bass, August 8, 1882; Charles S. Strout, September 20, 1882; discontinued November 17, 1884. West Poland. — Jolm Megquier, May 19,1837; James H. Fernald, September 25, 1845; William M. Perkins, June 15, 1852; Francis Storer, January 11, 1854; Oren S. Keene, January 18, 1870; George O. Goodwin, December 29, 1871; Silas A. Megquier, January 14, 1881; George O. Goodwin, November 4, 1885 ; Silas A. Megquier, April 10, 1889. Turner (established as Turner Village, changed to Turner, February 4, 1826).— William K. Porter, July 19, 1824; Philo Clark, October 8, 1834; John Blake, July 10, 1841; Hiram Clark, December 2, 1844; John Blake, June 16,1849; Hiram Clark, March 9, 1852; Philo Clark, May 22, 1858; Hira Bradford, Jr, April 18, 1861; Mellen A. Bearce, April 2, 1869; William L. 104 History of Androscoggin County. Bonney, February 4, 1881; Walter B. Irish, October 1,1885; James P. Water- man, June 14, 1889. Emt Turner (originally Turner, changed February 4, 1826). — Ichabod Bonney, 1804; Alden Blossom, March 15, 1814; discontinued March 22, 1839. Turner An(h-os('o> „ William Price, F, )> ,, Abel G. Rankin, F, 11 ,, Charles H. Reed, F, >» „ Samson H. Stover, F, „ Hiram S. Stewart, F, Greene ,, John Knowles, F, „ Lewiston Isaiah S. Stevens, F, Auburn Danville Joseph T. Stockbridge, F, ,, Lewiston Robert C. Thayer, F, Turner ,, John A. Trufant, F, Lewiston ,, Andrew J. Thompson, F, ,, „ Charles H. Whitney, F, „ „ Orrin Dwinal,G, Poland ,, Alonzo H. Snell, G, M „ Albion K. Snell, G, ,, Hiram P. Bailey, G, Mi not ,, George H. Fuller, G, Li verm ore Durham George W. Field, G, " Lewiston Joseph F. Raynes, G, Charles S. Emerson, Capt., H, Auburn >> James C. Fulsom, Lieut, H, » ,, Phineas W. Dill, Lieut, H, II „ James Dingley, Jr, Serg., H, II „ Aaron T. Frost, Serg., H, ,, „ Horace Wright, Serg., H, ,, „ Royal A. Bray, Serg., H, Turner „ John O. Kidder, Corp., H, Auburn Auburn Albert B. Furbish, Corp., H, jj Lewiston Jabez M. Hogan, Corp., H, Lewiston Turner George A. Warren, Mus., H, ,, Lewiston Eleazer B. Atwood, H, Poland Charles R. Anderson, H, Lewiston James L. Barker, H, ,, Thomas R. Beal, H, Durham William W. Bailey, H, ,, Benjamin M. Bradbury, H, Auburn Alex B. Conant, H, ,, George B. Coburn, H, Lewiston Dennett Cotton, H, Auburn Thomas H. Cotton, H, ,, Timothy DriscoU, H, Lewiston James T. Doyle, H, ,, Daniel P. Eaton, H, Auburn Stephen R. Estes, H, Lewiston Albert W. Freeman, H, Minot Henry W. Furbush, H, Lewiston Harrison B. Green, H, Auburn William H. Gordon, H, „ 108 History of Androscoggin County. George W. Harradon, H, Washington F. Harradon, H, Charles E. Harradon, H, George B. Haley, H, David A. Jumper, H, George F. Joy, H, Isaiah Kimhall, H, Roscoe J. Kidder, H, William R. Little, H, Sullivan Luce, H, Nathaniel Lovejoy Jr, H, Lemout Manning, H, Charles P. Miller, H, Charles S. Merrill, H, Chandler Nason, H, George H. Parker, H, Jabez Pratt, H, Andrew J. Royall, H, Churchill S. Stevens, H, IMiineas W. Skinner, H, Josiah Stone, H, Sidney Small, H, William M. Savage, H, Samuel L. Stevens, H, John S. Turner, H, Nathaniel R. Turner, H, James H. Tunks, H, Augustus White, H, Philip Witham, H, Benjamin F. Hicks, I, Silas B. Osgood, Capt., K, Elijah D. Johnson, Lieut, K, George H. Nye, Lieut, K, John B. Cook, Serg., K, Benjamin A. Howard, Serg., K, Edwin Robbins, Serg , K, Richard W. Stewart, Serg., K, Ethelbert C. Caswell, Corp., K, James Layden, Corp., K, Asa J. Cole, Corp., K, John R. Morrill, Corp., K, Albert E. Hanson, Mus., K, Henry Ash ton , K, Auburn Andrew Bubier, K,. Webster „ James R. Braley, K, Lewiston „ Ivory Brown, K, „ Lisbon George W. Bickford, K. ,, Lewiston Albert L. Bolan, K, ,, Lisbon Frederick N. Baker, K, Ellsworth A. Brown, K, " Turner Houghton Bond, K, ,, Auburn Hiram Cord well, K, ,, Lisbon Elmer Chipman, K, Poland Greene Nathan Herrick, K, ,, Lewiston Jordan G. Carville, K, Lewiston Auburn Benjamin A. Eaton, K, Greene Durham James B. Ford, K, Lewiston Auburn Joseph F. Goss, K, ,, Durham George F. Hodgdon, K, Livermore Greene Almond L. Goss, K, Danville Danville James Guiney, K, Lewiston Auburn Ambrose E. Hammond, K, ,, Poland James Hedon, K, ,, Lewiston Charles H. Jumper, K, ,, Auburn Leonard Jepson, K, Albert E. Kingsley, K, Augustus K. Lane, K, " Lewiston Frederic S. Myrick, K, ,, ,, Richard McCarthy, K, Auburn Auburn Jonathan Nash, K, ,, ,, James E. Osgood, K, Lewiston Lewiston James Onias, K, ,, Lewiston Manassah Pettingill, K, Charles W. Smith, K, Llewellyn Sawyer, K, James Smith, K, Philip H. Tarr, K, Charles E. Taylor, K, James E. Tarr, K, Reuben Viele, K, Elias S. Webber, K, Melvin Woodcock, K, Michael Welch, K, John A. Willard, K, " ,, Lewis Gordon, H, Poland ,, Frank C. Adams, K, Auburn Seeond Infantry Rcf/imfnt. — This was rendezvoused at Bangor, and left the state May 14, 18(31. It was organized at Long Island, N. Y., May 28, 1861, to serve two and three years. Charles D. Jameson was colonel; Charles W. Roberts, lieutenant-colonel ; George Varney, major; all of Bangor. July 1 the Second joined the Army of Virginia at Falls Church, and on July 21 did distinguished service at Bull Run. "The Second, in its two- years' enlistment, saw an amount of service that would put to the blush many of the veteran troops of the old world. It was engaged in eleven bloody and hard-fought battles and numerous skirmishes, always distinguishing itself^ and never received the slightest word of censure from the higher commanding Military Affairs. 101 > officers. It had a i-ecord second to none from the state. Its tedious marches were cheerfully sustained, and it never wearied, never faltered, never mur- mured, but at all times, even in its most desperate engagements, faithfully and unflinchingly performed its duty." The two-years' men were mustered out June 9, i860, and the others transferred to the Twentieth. Colonel Jameson was promoted brigadier-general and showed great gallantry. He died November (3, lcS62, from injuries received at Fair Oaks. He was succeeded as colonel by Charles W. Roberts, and January 10, 1863, Major Varney became colonel. ROSTER. John C. Harmon, Corp., A, Lowiston John F. Black, A, pro Lt, Aug. I), 01, Alhion Morris, band, Leeds Michael Young, B, Webster John McDonald, B, trans to '20 Me, Lewistou John Sullivan, C, Auburn Third Infanfr// Bajimenf. — This regiment went into camp at Augusta, May 28, 1861, and was organized June 4, 1861. Its in-rsonnel was most admirable, for the Kennebec lumberman was largely represented, and all were well-formed men. The average weight of one company was 170 pounds. Its service of three years was marked by undaunted valor, patient endurance, and heroic achievements. It was mustered out at Augusta, June 28, 1864, and the recruits transferred to the Seventeenth. Its first colonel was Oliver O. Howard, of Leeds, promoted to brigadier-general September 7, 1861. Lieuten- ant-Colonel Isaac N. Tucker was discharged November 4, 1861. Lieutenant- Colonel Charles A. L. Sampson resigned July 7, 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel Edwin Burt was killed in the Wilderness fight of May 6, 1864. Major Henry G. Staples, the first major, was promoted to colonel, and resigned November 14, 1862, and Major William C. Morgan was killed at North Anna, May 23, 1864. November 14, 1862, Moses B. Lakeman, who was first captain of Company B, was commissioned colonel. The Third took active part in the battles of Centreville, Bull Run, Yorktown, Williamsburg, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Manassas, Wilderness, Spottsyl- vania, and South Anna. ROSTER. Oliver Otis Howard, CoL, promoted to Brig. Gen., William H. Jewett, Asst. Surgeon, Charles H. Howard, Drum Major, pro- moted to staff, Russell Carver, A, wd at Fair Oaks, ,, Page T. Francis, A, ,, Frank Bubier, B, Lewistou Leeds Turner Leeds Joseph C. Harlow, C, transferred to Third U. S. Artillery, Auburn Charles M. Landers, C, pro to Serg., Danville Frank Heald, F, Lewiston Newell Strout, Capt., K, res 1861, Durham Freeman H. Strout, Serg., K, killed, ,, Frederic H. Strout, Corp., K, promoted to 1st Serg., ,, 110 History of Androscoggin County. William B. Bryant, K, Turner Thomas J. Bryant, K, ,, John W. Campbell, K, died Sept. 16, 1861, Livermore Jason Carver, K, disch Sept. 19, ISOl, Leeds Lloyd B. Caswell, K, trans 17 Me, ,, Francis George, K, ,, William Heald, K, East Livermore John C. Keene, Capt., K, killed, Gettys- burg, July 2, 18G:{, Leeds Levi R. Reay, K, died in prison, ,, Henry S. Turner, K, ,, Benjamin Woodman, K, died in service, ,, Elisha K. Mann, Corp., K, transferred to 17 Maine, ,, Henry O. Fabyan, K, died Oct. 30, 18(52, ,, Walter W. Boothby, K, kd Dec. 13, 02, Dexter W. Howard, K.pro Serg., trans 17 Me, ,, Buggies S. Keay, K, trans to 17 Me, Greene Clark H. Eldridge, H, Livermore Eben Farrington, Corp., H, died July 2, 1863, Livermore Charles W. Pike, I, East Livermore C. C. Eldridge, killed, Jefferson T. Stevens, killed, ,, ,, John J. O'Connell, B, trans 17 Me, Lewiston Edward E. Jones, B, trans 17 Me, Minot Josiah Winslow, E, transferred 17 Me, ,, George G. Babb, C, trans 17 Me, Lewiston Amos B. Canwell, C, trans 17 Me, ,, Frederic Cook, C, trans 17 Me, Lewiston George W. Foster, C, trans 17 Me, ,, John Fallen, C, trans 17 Me, ,, Henry H. Garcelon, C, trans 17 Me, ,, Cyrus W. Gilpatrick, C, trans 17 Me, ,, Lars F. Miller, C, trans 17 Me, „ John Smith, C, trans 17 Me, ,, Mandrid O. Savage, C, trans 17 Me, ,, Charles D. Wallace, C, ,, Albion P. Cobb, D, died Dec. 2, 1863, Emery E. Lowell, D, trans 17 Me, ,, Henry F. Noyes, D, trans 17 Me, ,, James Welch, D, ,, James L. Kilgore, E, ,, Alonzo P. Lamb, Capt., G, Poland Stephen P. Cutler, G, trans 17 Me, Lewiston George W. Hatch, G, killed May 12, 18(i4, ,, Charles Harris, G, died Feb. 13, 1804, Livermore James L. Faden, H, trans 17 Me, Turner Orville Young, H, trans 17 Me, ,, Samuel Parker, H, trans 17 Me, Lewiston Henry H. Thompson, H, trans 17 Me, ,, William C. Thompson, H, trans 17 Me, ,, John L. Tubbs, H, killed May 12, 1864, „ Arthur L. Coombs, I, trans 17 Me, ,, Joseph O. Sturtevant, I, trans 17 Me, Leeds James M. Hatch,P.,killedMay 31, 1864, Lewiston Martin McElroy, B, ,, Charles W. Lowell, I, trans 17 Me, ,, John Warner, I, trans 17 Me, ,, W. Heald, East Livermore Fourth Infantry Regiment. — The state regimental organization was completed May 8, 1861, at Rockland, and it was mustered into the national service for three years, June 15, 1861. Hiram G, Berry, of Rockland, was colonel; Thomas H. Marshall, of Belfast, lieutenant-colonel; Frank S. Nickerson, of Searsport, major. The Fourth did gallant service in most of the important battles in Virginia, and at Gettysburg, during its three-years' warfare, was mustered out July 19, 1864, and the veterans and recruits transferred to the Nineteenth. Lieutenant-Colonel Marshall was promoted to colonel of the Seventh Maine, September 9, 1861, and his successor, Lieutenant-Colonel Frank S. Nickerson, was commissioned colonel of the Fourteenth, November 29, 1861. Lieutenant-Colonel Silas M. Fuller resigned March 1, 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel Lorenzo D. Carver was discharged December 16, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel George G. Davis was commissioned May 10, 1864. Major William L. Pitcher was killed at Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862. Major Ebenezer Whitcomb died October 5, 1863, from wounds received at Gettysburg, and Major Robert H. Grey, May 9, 1864, of wounds received in action. March 17, 1862, Major Elijah Walker was made colonel on the promotion of Colonel Berry to brigadier-general. General Berry won unfading honors. He was given official credit for saving the day at Military Affairs. Ill Williamsburg. After the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, General A. P. Hill, commanding the Confederates, sent a flag of truce to compliment General Berry on his skillful generalship. In March, 1863, General Berry was made major-general, and May 3, 1863, was killed at Chancellorsville, after having saved the day with his division. Captain Edwin M. Smith, of Company G, was made major, April 1, 1862, but soon resigned to become assistant- adjutant-geneial on the staff of General Berry, and was killed at Fair Oaks. ROSTER. Freeborn G. Bean, A, trans 19 Me, Lewiston John Cusick, A, trans 19 Me, ,, John Cochran, A, trans 19 Me, ,, James C. Crafts, A, trans 19 Me, ,, John Carter, A, trans 19 Me, ,, Charles W. Merrill, D, trans 19 Me, ,, Henry Martin, D, trans 19 Me, ,, William Reiley, D, Henry O. Smith, D, trans 19 Me, Hezekiah D. Morse, F, died in service, Poland William L. Brown, G, trans 19 Me, Livermore Adoniram L. Dyer, G, died Feb. 8, G4, ,, James B. Davis, G, trans 19 Me, Lewiston Hngh Hunter, G, trans 19 Me, Lewiston Charles Hermann, G, ,, Peter Lee, G. trans 19 Me, ,, George Wilbur, G, trans 19 Me, ,, Elisha S. Bisbee, Serg., G, killed May 23, 1864, Daniel McDonald, H, ,, George Martin, I, ,, Charles Miles, I, trans 19 Me, „ Otto Smith, K, trans 19 Me, Nathan B. Harlow, C, trans 19 Me, Auburn John L. Higgins, C, trans 19 Me, Webster Josiah Carr, Surgeon, Minot Fifth Infantry Regiment. — This was raised in the third division of the state militia, and, contrary to the preceding ones which had one or more organized and well-drilled militia companies in each organization, was wholly composed of raw men. The regiment was mustered into United States service June 24, 1861, with Mark H. Dnnnell, of Portland, colonel; Edwin lUsley, of Limington, lieutenant-colonel ; Samuel C. Hamilton, of Biddeford, major. Emery W. Sawyer, of Lisbon, was captain of Company E, and Aaron S. Daggett, of Greene, first lieutenant. William A. Tobie, of Poland, was captain ; and Hamlin T. Bucknam, of Minot, first lieutenant of Company K. Two days after the muster-in, the Fifth left the state en route for the Army of the Potomac and the battlefield, with 1,046 men. June 27, the Sons of Maine of New York City, presented the regiment with a silken regimental flag. June 29 it went into camp at Meridian Hill, but soon joined the Union forces south of the Potomac, and July 21 was terribly involved in the disastrous battle of Bull Run ; in the retreat losing knapsacks, tents, cooking utensils, and clothing, all these falling into Confed- erate hands. The regiment, without opportunities for drill, was engaged in fatigue and picket duty, and suffered severe privations for lack of necessary supplies and from sickness. Colonel Dunnell, who was United States consul at Vera Cruz and on leave of absence, resigned the colonelcy September 2, and was succeeded by Colonel Nathaniel J. Jackson, late of the First. The same month the lieutenant-colonel and major resigned, and were succeeded 112 History of Androscoggin County. by Captain William S. Heath of Company H, Third Maine, as lieutenant- colonel (killed in action, June 27, 1862), and Captain Edward A. Scammon of Company H, of the Fifth, as major. A rapid improvement succeeded in the health of the regiment, as they were moved to a healthful location, and drill soon brought good discipline. From this time it shared the privations, the honors, and the losses of the bravest reo-iments in the Army of the Potomac. Colonel Jackson was made brigadier- general, September 24, 1862, and November 1, 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel Scammon became colonel. Major Edwards, lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Millett of Company A, major. Colonel Scammon resigned January 8, 1863, and Lieutenant-Colonel Edwards was made colonel, and Major Millett, lieu- tenant-colonel. Captain Aaron S. Daggett, of Company E, became major, April 24, 1863. This regiment was mustered out at Portland, July 27, 1864, and the veterans and recruits transferred to the Sixth Maine Battalion. During its service it was engaged in eleven pitched battles and eight heavy skirmishes before participating in the Wilderness campaign. It captured more prisoners than were altogether numbered in its own ranks, and six Confederate battle- flags. General Upton, commanding the division in wliich the Fifth served, complimented it highly as it left the front for liome, in a letter to the officers and men from wliich we extract: — Tour gallantry, your constancy, your devotion to the Hag of your country, your patient endurance of fatigue during the campaigns of three long years entitle you to the lasting gratitude and esteem of your countrymen. You have given proof of your valor and jjatriotism on every field from the first Bull Run to the present time. Leaving your native state with over 1,040 men, after receiving a large number of recruits, you now return with but 216. The long list of battles in which you have participated, including Bull Run, West Point, Gaines' Mill, Charles City, Crarapton Gap, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Salem Heights, Gettysburg, Rappahannock, the eight-days' battle of the Wilderness, Spott- sylvania, and Cold Harbor, will account for your losses. ROSTER. Nathaniel J. Jackson, Col, promoted to Brig.-Gen., Lewiston Edwin Illsley, Lieut-Col, resigned, ,, Stephen H. Manning, Q. M., promoted A. Q. M.. Warren Hume, band, ,, George A. Chandler, Serg.-Maj., pro Lieut, A, taken pris July 24, (53, ,, Fabian Churchill, C, killed May 3, 1863, Minot Adelbert Churchill, C, killed, ,, John Foster, C, ,, John H. Stevens, 1st Lieut, C, tr D, Greene Lawrence Hassett, D, Lewiston Thomas Tuttle, D, Durham William A. Walker, D, kd Jan. 3, 64, Durham Charles Manning, D, Lewiston Emery W. Sawyer, Capt., E, resigned Aug., 1861, Lisbon Aaron S. Daggett, Lieut, E, promoted Capt., Aug. 1.5, 1861, promoted Maj., Jan. 5, 1863, Greene Frank L. Lemont, E, pro Capt. Jan. 8, 1863, kd May 12, 1864, Lewiston Norris Litchfield, Serg., E. John B. Bailey, Serg., E.died, Auburn Leander Prentiss, Corp., E, discharged Oct., 1861, Lewiston John A. Lane, Corp., E, ,, Military Affairs. 113 Washington Ellis, Corp.; E, discharged Aug., 1861, Lisbon Charles B. Keith, Corp., E, discharged Nov., 1861, Auburn Isaac G. Jordan, Corp., E, discharged Oct., 1861, Lewiston Samuel M. Thomas, Mus., E, discharged Oct., 1861, Durham E. S. Litchfield, wagoner, E, Lewiston Alonzo Adley, E, promoted Serg., Lisbon Rodney B. Atwood, E, killed, ,, Charles H. Bodge, Corp., E, Leeds Isaac A. Blethen, E, kd Nov. 27, ()3, Durham Silas R. Cummings, E, Greene Lemont Manning, E, Lewiston David D. Dresser, E, ,, Francis Day, E, promoted Serg., Durham Jeremiah Day, E, Leeds Joseph T. Dennison, E,disch Oct., 61, Durliam Edward Collins, E, Lewiston Henry P. Estes, E, ,, B. Franklin Frost, E, Durham Almond L. Foss, E, died Sept., 62, Lewiston Adelbert H. Holland, E, Daniel Harvey, Corp., E, killed atGaines Hill, Durham Nathaniel Haskell, E, Lewiston Samuel O. Hatch, E, disch Oct., 61, ,, James C. Higgins, E, kd May 3, 1863, Lisbon Thomas Higgins, E, disch Oct., 61, Lewiston George H. Hamilton, E, died of wounds Nov. 14, 1863, Charles E. Jones, E, kd May 10, 64, Turner David H. Jones, E, Auburn Horace E. Kimball, E, Lewiston Lucius L. Lothrop, E, ,, Luther Litchfield, E, Lee W. Laugh ton, E, ,, William H. Larrabee, E, ,, Luther C. Manlej', E, Auburn David Given, E, ,, James Maloney, E, Lewiston Walter A. Moulton, E, ,, Horace H. Moody, E, died Aug. 30, 62, Durham Levi Marks, E, Lewiston Thomas H. Mason, E, ,, Henry McCone, E, ' ,, James G. Purington, E, Lisbon Isaiah C. Purinton, E, ,, Isaiah Randall, E, disch Sept., 61, Lewiston Daniel Sheehan, E, promoted Corp., ,, Cyrenus P. Stevens, Corp., E, jiromoted 1st Serg., Greene Daniel Sutherland, E, Durham David Small, E, Danville John L. Verrill, E, Poland Charles N. Waterman, E, Durham John Howard Nason, F, Henry Whittingham, E, Lewiston Thomas Ward, E, John Harvey, E, Auburn Preston R. Bryant, E, disch July, 61, ,, Andrew J. Lufkin, Serg., disch Sept., 1861, Lewiston Charles E. Coombs, F, Auburn Joseph Charlton, F, disch Aug., 61, Lewiston William Connolly, F, „ Charles Edwards, F, ,, Lyman H. Edwards, F, ,, John Loney, P, ,, Elias Malone, F, trans K, ,, R. D. Meridith, F, „ Melvin A. Perkins, F, Auburn Albion R. Stewart, Corp., F, Lewiston Sylvester Smith, F, disch Oct., 61, Bernard McGee, F, ,, Samuel Gray, F, ,, Harry M. Stinson, H, Auburu Josiah M. Penley, H, Danville John Binner, H, missing in action May 3, 1863, Lewiston John Conlin, H, ,, George W. Fargo, I, Turner James Kelly, I, Lewiston Josiah Thompson, I, ,, William A. Tobie, Capt., K, Poland Hamlin T. Bucknam, Lieut, K, pro- moted Capt., Sept. 23, 1861, Minot Smith G. Bailey, Serg., K, promoted Lieut, H, killed, Poland John J. Bragdon, Serg., K, promoted 1st Serg., John T. Mason Serg., K, Lewiston Comfort M. Perkins, Corp., K, Minot Charles E. Harris, Corp., K, wounded, transferred to 1st Maine Veterans, Poland George E. French, Serg., K, killed at Fredericksburg, Auburn Charles Andrews, K, missing in action May 3, 1863, Minot Richard Bailey, K, ,, John F. Bancroft, K, Poland William A. Campbell, K, Minot Charles W. Campbell, K, ,, Dudley Chase, K, ,, Augustus A. Dwinal, Serg., K, ,, Burbank Spiller, 1st Lieut, K, ,, George A. Durgin, K, Poland Joseph Q. Edmunds, Corp., K, Auburn Silas Estes, K, died Dec. 27, 1861, Poland John Fardy, K, Lewiston Solomon Frost, K, ,, Ezra M. Goodwin, K, Minot William H. Grant, K, Poland Tristram T. Harris, K, ,, S. Frank Haskell, K, „ 114 History of Androscoggin County. Delmar Harris, K, Minot Albert W. Hines, Corp., K, Turner Barney Heany, K, Lewiston Almond H. Hutchinson, K, Minot Samuel H. Hutchinson, K, ,, Henry H. Hutchinson, Corp., K, ,, Silas C. Libby, K, Poland Dan Matherson, K, Lewiston Donald McDonald, K, ,, Charles F. McKenney, K, Minot Beniah Niles, Jr, K, died May 17, 1863, Auburn Marshall S. Phillips, K, ,, Charles A. Richardson, K, Minot Alauson W. St Clair, K, Poland Horace A. Verrill, K, ,, George H. Trundy, K, Minot Henry C. Weston, Corp., K, ,, William A. Campbell, K, „ Elias Maloon, K, Lewiston Harrison J. Dwinal, K, Minot Wellington H. Dwinal, K, ,, John French, K, Turner Levi F. Jordan, K, wounded, trans- ferred to 1st Maine Veterans, Poland Walter S. Witham, E, died May 4, 62, Lewiston James L. Baker, E, ,, John Barnes, ,, Hollis Edwards, „ Isaac G. Jordan, E, ,, Charles Dore, K, Minot Arthur M. Brown, K, ,, William H. Morse, E, ,, Edwin Goss, E, died July 27, 1862, Lewiston Frank S. Goss, E, Danville Warren Keen, Lisbon Henry M. Gould, Greene James M. Atwood, Livermore William H. Everett, C, died May 14, 63, Poland David Jewell, G, ,, George A. Hodgkins, K, trans V. R. C, ,, William E. Morton, E, trans U. S. N., „ Samuel W. Taylor, E, Wales Albert L. Deering, Lieut, 1, promoted to Capt., H, Webster S'ixth Lifantry Regiment. — This was organized at Portland and mustered into the national service July 15, 1861, with Abner Knowles, colonel ; Hiram Burnham, lieutenant-colonel; Frank Pierce, major. This regiment was largely composed of stalwart lumbermen. It went to the Army of the Potomac, was in ten general engagements and innumerable skirmishes; in three battles it led the attack and left half its number lying on the field. It won a reputation for unflinching courage and bravery which caused its selection for especially dangerous service. Colonel Knowles resigned his commission December 11, 1861, and was succeeded by Colonel Burnham. Captain Charles H. Chandler, of (yonipany A, was made lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Benjamin F. Harris, of Company C, major. Chandler resigned March 9, 1863, and Harris became lieutenant-colonel, the major being Major Joel A. Haycock, killed at Fred- ericksburg, May 3, 1863. He was succeeded May 28, 1863, by Major George Fuller. Colonel Burnham was promoted to brigadier-general, and Major Fuller became lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Theodore Lincoln, Jr, of Company F, major. General Burnham was killed at Chapin's Bluff, September 28, 1864. The regiment was mustered out at Portland, August 15, 1864, and the veterans and recruits transferred to the Seventh Maine. Eben W. Foster, of Company H, was from Lewiston, and M. V. B. Gilmore, of Company I, was from Turner. He died November 25, 1862. Seventh Infantry Mcyhicnf. — This was raised throughout the state. At its organization, August 21, 1861, Edwin C. Mason, of Portland, was colonel; Selden Connor, of Fairfield, lieutenant-colonel; Thomas W. Hyde, of Bath, major; Elijah D. Johnson, of Lewiston, adjutant; William L. Haskell, of Poland, first lieutenant of Company B ; John B. Cook, of Lewiston, second Military Affairs. 115 lieutenant of Company K. The regiment left the state August 23, and arrived in Baltimore, August 25. While here the Union ladies of the city presented it with a fine stand of colors. September 5, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas H. Marshall, of the Fourth Maine, was appointed colonel, but died October 25, the day his regiment left for Washington. His earnest character and sterling worth had endeared him to all associated with him. In November, the Seventh joined the Army of the Potomac, and on the tenth Colonel Mason took command. This regiment was in many memorable battles, and its soldiers were honored by the personal thanks of General McClellan for bravery and good conduct at Williamsburg, in these words: " You and your comrades arrested the progress of the advancing enemy, saved the army from a disgraceful defeat, and turned the tide of victory in our favor." The Seventh gained glory at Yorktown, Williamsburg, Mechanics- ville, Golding's Farm, White Oak Swamp, Crampton's Pass, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, and Spottsylvania. Its numbers were so materially decimated by battle and disease that in October, 1862, it was sent home to recruit. January 25, 1863, it rejoined its old command. December 1, 1863, Lieutenant-Colonel Connor was commissioned colonel of the Nineteenth, and Major Hyde promoted to colonel, and Captain James P. Jones promoted to the majority December 29, 1863. After many sieges, marches, and battles, the Seventh returned to Augusta, and September 5, 1864, those soldiers whose term of service had expired were mustered out and the others consolidated with the Fifth and Sixth to form the First Veteran Infantry. ROSTER. Elijah D. Johnson, Adjt, Lewiston Albert L. Frye, Hospital Steward, ,, Marcus M. Small, K, died. East Livermore William L. Haskell, 1st Lieut, B, pro Capt., G, wd Antietam, died 62, Poland •Sumner R. Tarbox, B, Lewiston Hiram M. Hatch, B, ,, Thomas A. Galusha, B, Lisbon C. K. Hewey, D, Webster Veraaus M. Arno, D, Wales Charles Doughty, D, Durham John Lee, D, Lewiston William B. Rush, D, William Barrows, F, transferred to D, Minot Silas Crooker, F, transferred to D, ,, Almon L. Crooker, F, transferred to D, ,, George W. Verrill, F, transferred to D, ,, George G. Saunders, Serg., F, ,, Mark A. Verrill, F, transferred to D, ,, John B. Cook, Lieut, K, promoted to Capt., I, Lewiston John B. Jennings, Serg., K, killed May 4, 1863, Leeds Joseph Hackett, K, Greene John W. Adams, K, Auburn John F. Adams, K, died Oct 17, 1862 ,, Charles H. Hatch, K, „ Marcellus F. Cushman, K, Leeds Jordan G. Carvill, K, Lewiston Ezekiel Hackett, K, Greene Merrill J. Hibbard, K, Lewiston George F. Hodgdon, K, East Livermore Winflield S. Norcross, K, Livermore Hiram Jenkins, K, died Oct. 19, 1862, Wales Sanford K. Knox, K, Greene Jacob Kimball, K, ,, James W. Libby, Serg., K, Leeds William H. Larrabee, K, promoted Adjt and 1st Lieut, H, Danville Nathan A. Munroe, K, Auburn Charles W. Merrill, K, Lisbon Franklin Peale, K, Leeds Albert M. Rose, K, ,, John Q. Robbins, K, died Oct., 1862, ,, Allen F. Plummer, K, Wales William F. Record, K, died Dec. 10, 1861, Greene 116 History of Androscoggin County. Loring C. Record, K, Turner Henry J. Ricker, K, died Jan. 20, 1862, Wansbron Turner, K, died Nov. 24, 1861, Leeds Elbridge P. Wardwell, K, Greene William H. Whitney, K, Lisbon Joseph P. Getchell, K, died Jan 24, 62, Durham Dennis Harris, K, Greene John B. Cook, Capt., I, Lewiston Aaron L. Hill, I, .. George B. Moor(!, H, Lisbon George W. McKenney, K, Greene Henry Ricker, K, ,, Lyman Besse, K, Lewiston James B. Blackstone, K, ,, Richard Byrns, K, i, John Collins, K, „ John Daly, K, „ John Dow, K, ,, Dennis Downey, K, ,, John Grant, K, >, Ashel W. Hutchins, K, „ Elijah D. Johnson, Lieut, K, Com. 21 Maine, James McCabe, K, Felix McHannan, K, John Magner, K, Patrick Murphy, K, died May, 1862, Increase Gould, K, James H. Woodward, G, Francis M. Bragdon, B, Edward Sisk, Serg., D, Charles H. Hodgdon, G, Benjamin F. Mower, I, James Mohegan, K, George Morgan, K, Lyman E. Besse, Karl Yahr, J. T. M. Lahrssen, Walter E. Randt, Robert Huencke, Paul H. Ingensen, Col. Lewiston Lisbon Poland Lewiston Wales Greene Lewiston Auburn Ei;ihth Maine Infantrii. — This regiment was organized at Augusta, Septem- ber 7, 1861. Lee Strickland, a patriotic and loyal citizen of Livermore, raised a company and was elected colonel; John D. Rust, of Camden, was lieutenant- colonel; Joseph S. Rice, of Ellsworth, major; James Dingley, Jr, of Auburn, adjutant; William H. Timberlake, of Livermore, second lieutenant of Company C. The regiment left the state September 10, and reported to Brigadier-General E. L. Viele, at Long Island, N. Y. December 14, Colonel Strickland resigned, on account of ill health, and Lieutenant-Colonel Rust was commissioned colonel. February 14, 1862, five companies were ordered to Dawfuski Island, S. C, and May 1, Colonel Rust was ordered to report at Typee Island, about five miles distant. Here during the bombardment of Fort Pulaski the most exposed positions were assigned to Companies D, E, F, H, and I. The regiment was mostly employed until the spring of 1864 in guard duty in South Carolina and Florida, and suffered much from exposure. In the fall of 1862, when the first regiment of colored troops was raised, the men of the Eighth were warm espousers of their enlistment and nearly half of the line officers of the first regiment of colored troops were from the Eighth. In March, 1864, 316 vet- erans who had re-enlisted received a furlough of thirty days, and the others, numbering about one hundred and twenty, were mustered out at Augusta, September 15, 1864. This regiment actively participated in the bombardment of Fort Pulaski (one of its flags was the first to be raised over the fort after the surrender), siege of Charleston, Drury's Bluff, battle of Coal Harbor, Chapin's Farm, and many other engagements. The flag presented by Governor Hicks, of Maryland, in behalf of Mrs. Viele, was borne in all its battles. The officers and men of the Eighth were not excelled by any in the service for bravery and efficiency. Military Affairs. 117 Colonel Rust was mustered out August 19, 1864, and Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Boynton became colonel, and February 26, 1865, tendered his resigna- tion, and was succeeded by Colonel William M. McArthur. In the United States Official Army Register it is stated that Lieutenant-Colonel E. W. Wood- man was discharged May 6, 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph F. Twitchell, April 18, 186)3, Lieutenant-Colonel John Hemingway resigned February 16, 1864, and Edward A. True was commissioned lieutenant-colonel March 8, 1865. The Eighth was mustered out of the United States service at Fort Munroe, January 18, 1866, and discharged at Augusta, January 25, 1866. ROSTER. Auburn died of Livermoi-e Greene Lee Strickland, Col, res Dec. 14, 61, Livermore Augustus H. Strickland, Q. M., Cora. Sept. 9, LSfil, James Dingley, Jr., Adjt, Charles F. Monroe, Lieut, C wounds, June 6, 1864, C, Wm. H. Timberlake, Lieut, C, John M. Rohbins, Q. M., Serg. Thomas A. Kilgore, Serg., C, promoted Lieut, died Nov. 19, 1862, Turner James H. Tunks, Serg., C, transferred to D, promoted 1st Lieut, I, Auburn Wallace Smith, Serg., C, Turner Levi W. Metcalf, Serg., C, promoted 1st Serg., promoted Capt. 1st S. C. Vols, ,, Josiah Libby, Corp., C, ,, William W. Sampson, Corp., C, pro- moted Serg. and Capt. 1st S. C. Vols, ,, Edward Shurtleff, Corp., C, Charles E. Cole, Corp., C, Livermore S.G. Shurtleff, Corp., C, promoted Serg., promoted Lieut, D, ,, Dexter Mitchell, Corp., C, promoted 2d and 1st Lieut, Danville Samuel E. Smith, Mus., C, Turner George W. Bean, Mus., C, died in Andersonville prison. East Livermore Sylvester G. Delano, C, Turner Charles A. Berry, C, East Livermore Oscar W. Billings, C, Livermore Henry O. Brown, C, ,, Philip H. Briggs, C, died, B'ranklin Bradford, C, died Oct. 17,1862, Turner Henry Callahan, C, ,, Charles Dorr, C, died, Livermore H. K. Durfee, C, Timothy K. DriscoU, C, transferred 1st U. S. Art., Lewiston Daniel J. Linscott, B, Auburn Wallentien Kieler, B, Danville Samuel Emerson, Corp., C, George E. Fales, Mus., C, Turner Grin M. Godwin, C, Livermore Emulous Godding, C, ,, Sylvester Graves, C, East Livermore Samuel Holt, C, died Aug. 22, 1862, Turner James Hartford, C, Livermore Gad Hayford, C, Turner Augustus Hayford, C, ,, A. W. Jackson, C, promoted 1st Lieut, S. C. Vols, Elisha Keen, C, „ Waldo B. Keen, C, Leander Kilbreth, Serg., C, promoted Lieut, I, Livermore George W. Mitchell, C, promoted Q. M. Serg., promoted Adjt, ,, Stanford Mitchell, C, Danville Cyrus E. Metcalf, C, promoted Corp., Turner Nathaniel Nason, C, Auburn Edwin T. Quimby, C, promoted Corp., died May 11, 1862, Livermore Abington Ridley, C, East Livermore Daniel W. Ross, C, J. Wesley Ricker, C (Auburn), ,, ,, George Raynes, C, Ijcwiston James Smith, C, ,, William B. Smith, C, ,, H. C. Shaw, C, Turner Uzza Thomas, Serg., C, ,, Enoch L. Tinkham, C, Auburn Charles L. Wyer, C, died in service, Livermore John A. Dill, A, died July 16, 1863, Lewiston Peter Neilson, B, Lewiston William Briggs, A, Danville Delance Young, C, Livermore Elmer R. Record, C, died in Salisbury prison, Greene Joseph M. Fowler, Danville Thomas Mason, Lewiston William D. Shurtleff, Turner Jonathan Ridley, Corp., H, Livermore Horace C. White, Asst Serg., resigned May 29, 1863, Lisbon 118 History of Androscoggin County. Joseph G. Knowles, A, East Livermore Edmund Blake, A, Auburn Francis C. Rankin, A, >, William Bickler, C, Livermore Timothy B. Niles, C, killed in action, ,, Eben M. Jones, A, ,, Isaac P. Davis, Serg., C, Poland George W. Hnnnawell, C, ,, Isaiah S. Hunnawell, C, ,, Renselaer Jillson, C, ,, Philemon Harlow, G, Auburn Calvin C. Huzzey, C, ,, William H. Pottle, C, Lewiston Onsville Record, C, Minot William Stevens, C, Greene William H. Weymouth, C, Webster Isaac Bearce, E, Lewiston Samuel A. Wilson, E, died of wounds, June 14, 1804, Durham James E. Tarr, F, died of wounds re- ceived May 16, 1864, Lewiston James DriscoU, G, killed May 20, 1864, William E. Toothaker, I, John A. Skinner, G, ,, Alex Walton, I, Auburn Charles O. Freeman, K, Poland John G. McKnight, H, Lewiston Louis A. Waterman, H, Livermore Jonathan Ridley, H, ,, LeRoy Stevens, killed at Gettysburg, ,, JVitttJi Infantry Regiment. — In less than two weeks from the arrival of the first company at Augusta, the Ninth was on its way to Washington, numbering over 1,000 men. It was mustered into United States service September 22, 1861, for three years, and started for the front on September 24. The field officers were Rishworth Rich of Portland, colonel ; Colman Harding, of Gorham, lieutenant-colonel; Sabine Emery, of Eastport, major. None of the officers in the Ninth were from Androscoggin county. January 8, 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel Harding resigned, and Captain Horatio Bisbee, of Company I, was commissioned in his place. In the early part of 1863, Colonel Rich was dismissed and Lieutenant-Colonel Bisbee commissioned colonel, but March 19 he resigned, and Colonel Rich was reinstated. He resigned May 27, and Lieutenant-Colonel Emery was promoted to colonel. Major Zina H. Robinson becoming lieutenant-colonel, and Captain George F. Granger of Company A, major. Colonel Emery resigned May 25, 1864, and the other field officers were advanced. Colonel Robinson resigned August 16, 1864, and September 13 was succeeded by Colonel Granger, and Captain Robert J. Gray, of Company G, was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He was killed in battle September 29, and October 10 Major Joseph Noble, originally captain of Company H, succeeded him, and Captain George B. Dyer of Company B became major. The Ninth first saw service at Port Royal, S. C, and made a brilliant record in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The glory of capturing Morris Island is entirely due to its bravery. August 25, 1863, General Gilmore sent the flags captured on this occasion from the Twenty-first South Carolina Confederate regiment by soldiers of the Ninth, to Governor Coburn, with a complimentary letter. In the abortive attacks on Fort Wagner, 317 men were reported killed, wounded, and missing. The original members, with the exception of tlie re-enlisted men, who numbered nearly 430, every man eligible to enlistment — eighty men — were mustered out September 27,1864. After a furlough of thirty days in March, 1864, the Ninth was transferred to the Army of the Potomac, where it did gallant duty until its muster-out, July 13, 1865. Colonel Granger was bre vetted brigadier-general, June 12, 1865. Military Affairs. 119 ROSTER. Henry M. Jordan, Serg., B, promoted 2d Lieut, 2d S. C. Vols, Joseph H. Durgin, Corp., B, Elliott C. Duran, wagoner, B, James H. Cutler, Corp., B, Benjamin F. Estes, Corp., B, James F. Goss, B, Chase M. Harris, B, William Knights, B, Phineas Leach, B, Isaac B. Martin, B, Samuel Smith, B, Mark Goodwin, F, William H. Walker, B, Warren W. Young, B, Gilbert T. Johnson, C, Cyrus M. Lord, F, Ezra Mitchell, Jr, F, John Blake, 2d Lieut, F, promoted Capt., C, died Nov. 9, 18G2, William W. Harlow, F, Jesse B. Whitney, F, Robert W. Carr, K, Horace A. Wright, K, James B. Walker, K, Hiram Beal, B, Henry D. Bean, A, Elias Burgess, A, Dennis Corvine, A, John Donahue, A, Joshua S. Spiller, A, Adriel Whales, A, Thomas J. Segeberg, A, John E. Worrey, A, James F. Gerry, B, Henry Loriot, B, Francis H. Reed, B, Charles H. Roberts, B, Samuel A. Temple, C, Christopher F. Cox, C, Isaac A. Whittemore, C, Poland Poland Minot Durham Minot Poland Auburn Danville Minot Poland East Livermore Lisbon Minot Turner Minot Lewistou Turner Auburn Auburn Lewiston Poland liCwiston Minot Lewiston Auburn Minot Otis S. West, C, Granville N. Wise, C, Melville W. Chase, E, Bradbury Rollins, E, George L. Allen, F, Percival D. Herrick, F, Nahum Roberts, F, Joseph W. Hodge, F, Luther E. Davis, F, died in service, William H. Foss, died in service, William A. Copelaud, G, James N. Nason, G, Charles H. Additon, G, Oliver P. Dudley, G, William H. Harris, G, Henry Jordan, G, John Forel, H, George F. Blake, C, pro Com. Serg., Frederic B. Sweetser, H, Stillman Harvard, Charles W. Waterhouse, H, Silas E. Libby, H, Florentine Butler, I, John Brooks, I, Minot Poland Durham Minot Greene Poland Lewiston Lewiston Livermore Poland Lewiston William R. Small, I, died in service, David S. Small, I, died in service, George Strout, I, Winfield A. Winslow, I, Horace Perkins, Chap., Horace A. Wright, E, Nicholas N. Robertson, G, Charles K. Sawyer, G, John J. Sawyer, G, John Richardson, H, John C. Gifford, H, Henry Huckius, H, Alexander W. Lunt, H, Lemuel T. Marshall, F, Henry M. Stinson, promoted Lieut-Col, H, Fifth Regiment, Isaac Verrill, H, Minot Lewiston Minot Leeds Poland Minot Tenth Infantry Regiment. — A portion of the First iMaine was the basis of this organization, formed at Cape Elizabeth, and mustered into the United States service October 4, 1861. The field officers were: George L. Beal, of Norway, colonel; James S. Fillebrown, of Auburn, lieutenant-colonel; Charles Walker, of Portland, major. Adjutant Elijah M. Shaw was of Lewiston. Several of the companies had large representations from this county, notably Companies F, H, and K. Company F was officered by William Knowlton, captain; Edward S. Butler and Abel C. Rankin, lieutenants, — all of Lew- iston; Company H, by Charles S. Emerson, captain; James C. Folsom and Phineas W. Dill, lieutenants, — all of Auburn. Captain George H. Nye, of Company K, was of Lewiston. He became brevet brigadier-general. 120 History of Androscoggin County. This regiment was in service in the Potomac and Shenandoali valleys, and from its splendid condition, discipline, and drill it was, it is said, mistaken for regular troops by Stonewall Jackson. It furnished many scouts. It participated fearlessly and well later in many of the hard-fought battles of the Army of the Potomac — Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock, and Antietam bear testimony to its valor. Of the three hundred regiments composing the Army of the Potomac, the Tenth was one of eleven which received the commendation of General Hooker for showing a good inspection report. The two-years' men were mustered out May 7 and 8, 1863, and the Tenth Maine Battalion was formed from the three-year men, and November 1, 1863, it was transferred to the Twenty-ninth Regiment, joining it at Morganzia, Louisiana, after doing much severe marching along the Potomac and |)articipating in the campaigns in Pennsylvania and Tennessee. ROSTER. James S. Fillebrown, Lieut-Col Auburn Elijah M. Shaw, Adjt, Lewiston Horace N. Johnson, Mus., Auburn Andrew G. Fitz, Mus., Durham Charles E. Coleman, Mua., Lewiston Joshua B. Newell, Mus., ,, Charles O. Warren, Mus., ,, Gilhert H. Bailey, Mus., M Elisha Gott, Mus., )) Thomas B. Edgeconih, Mus., ,, Daniel Davis, Mus., Auburn Ad on i ram B. Crafts, Mus., ,, Moses Crafts, Mus., ,, Cyrus Hall, Mus., ,, Justin E. Hill, Mus., died in service, ,, Augustus L. Littlefield, Mus., died in service, ,, Moses P. Merrill, B, Turner Lorenao Mayherry, C, Minot Thomas D. Sturtevant, C, died Aug. 25, 1862, Lewiston David H. Stevens, C, Auburn Joseph H. Sawyer, C, ,, Joshua B. Goodwin, C, J, Calmon H. Allen, C, ,, John G. Annis, C, ,, J. Bailey Goodwin, C, ,, James Baker, C, Lewiston Charles Lancaster, C.diod Aug 30,18()2, „ Gorham P. McFaden, C, ^^ Wallace E. Cummings, C, Poland Charles H. Thayer, C, Turner John L. Hoyt, E, East Livermore L. M. Garcelon, E, Andrew J. Walton, E, kd May 25, G2, East Livermore Ehen C. Whittemore, E, died. ,, Durham Lewiston Auburn Lewiston John A. Putnam, C, East Livermore William Knowlton, Capt., F, Lewiston Edward S. Butler, Lieut, F, Abel G. Rankin, Lieut, F, Hardy N. Baker, Serg., F, Charles W. Marston, Serg., F, killed Aug. 9, 18G2, Dan S. Fitzgerald, Serg., F, George H. Gould, Serg., F, ,, Charles H. Haskell, Lieut, F, Alfred Roberts, Corp., F, James Low, Corp., F, Charles W. Heney, Corp., F, Isaac P. Davis, Corp., F, William H. Given, Mus., F, Isaac K. Knowlton, F, Nicholas I. Allen, F, William Burke, F, Gu.stavus A. Dwelly, F, Thomas A. Eastman, F, Nicholas L. Foster, F, Enoch L. Hall, F, Andrew Jackson, F, Hugh McGlinchy, F, Alva E. Nichols, F, William A. Pyor, F, John A. Kiucaid, F, Josiah H. Smith, F, Charles H. Kennison, F, James E. Covell, F, kd Sept. 17, G2 Amaziah Grant, F, Samuel R. Grant, F, George A. Dockham, F, Edwin Record, F, Henry Stirk, F, Euos H. Stevens, F, John W. Townsend, F, Durham Poland Turner Auburn Military Affairs. 121 Benjamin A. Welch, F, . Minot J. Franklin Raynes, Serg., G, Auburn Sewall B. Emery, G. Poland Charles W. Witham, G, died July 24, 1852, Minot Charles S. Emerson, Capt., H, Auburn Elijah M. Shaw, Capt., H, Lewiston James C. Folsom, 1st Lieut, H, killed Aug. 9, 1862, Auburn George W. True, 1st Lieut, H, died of wounds, Sept. 20, 1862, Granville Blake, 1st Lieut, H, Phineas W. Dill, 2d Lieut, H, Benjamin M. Bradbury, 2d Lieut, H, Horace Wright, 2d Lieut, H, Albert W. Freeman, 2d Lieut, H, died of wounds Aug. 25, 1862, Minot Alex B. Conant, Serg., H, Auburn Ivory W. Emerson, Serg., H, ,, Louville Smith, B, transferred to Co. I, Twenty-ninth, Poland Nathaniel Cash, B, transferred to Co. I, Twenty-ninth, ,, Charles R. Anderson, Serg., H, David A. Jumper, Serg., H, Stephen R. Estes, Corp., H, Samuel Webber, Corp., H, George W. Harradon, Corp., H, Benjamin L. Given, Corp., H, Augustus White, Corp., H, Cyrus D. Wood, Corp., H, Samuel L. Stevens, Corp., H, W infield S. Wright, Corp., H, Isaac J. Perry, Mus., H, Cyrus B. Townsend, Mus., H, ,, Francis M. Allen, H, ' ,, Lewis Bates, H, ,, Hugh M. Bradbury, H, kd Sept. 17, 62, Charles H. Davis, H, ,, William Dearth, H, „ Isaac R. Dillingham, H, ,, Robert B. Harris, H, ,, Oliver Herrick, H, ,, Alonzo F. Morrill, H, ,, Adolphus S. Read, H, ,, Henry J. Ricker, H, died Aug. 17, 1862, ,, David L. Stetson, H, ,, Virgil True, H, ,, Daniel L. Verrill, H, Auburn Isaiah H. Vickery, H, ,, Lewis Warren, H, ,, John Warren, H, ,, William H. Wentworth, H, Lyman H. Wright, H, Charles F. Marden, H, Danville Greenfield F. Libbev, H, kd Aug. 9, 62, Greenlief Sawyer, H, ,, Aug M. Vickery, H, ,, Lewiston Auburn Greene Auburn James H. Marston, H, Minot George J. Fuller, H, killed Sept. 17, 1862, „ Nelson C. Perry. H, „ Gilman Rice, H, „ Edward K. Verrill, H, „ Edward P. Verrill,, H, killed Aug. 9, 1862, ,, Charles A. Metcalf, H, Lisbon Isaiah Kimball, H, ,, Asaph H. Witham, H, ,, Gladden Bonney, H, Turner Charles O. Fargo, H, „ Charles M. Keen, H, „ Ezra F. Stevens, H, „ Joseph Brooks, H, Lewiston Silas Estes, H, „ Mark Grover, H, ,, Azro C. Hibbard, H, Dudley F. Sanborn, H, Charles H. Wentworth, H, killed Sept. 17, 1862, John Knowles, H, Greene Gideon P. Lowell, H, Charles Richardson, H, ,, George H. Parker, H, Durham Henry A. Batchelder, I, Lewiston George H. Nye, Capt., K, ,, Albert E. Kingsley, Lieut, K, ,, Francis H. Pratt, 1st Serg., K, killed June 30, 1862, Almon L. Goss, 1st Serg., K, Danville James Layden, Serg., K, Lewiston Charles H. Jumper, Serg., K, ,, Jonathan Nash, Serg., K, Auburn James E. Osgood, Corp., K, Lewiston Thomas A. Thorn, Corp., K, ,, Henry H. Ash ton, Corp., K, „ John A. Willard, Corp., K, John R. Morrill, Corp., K, ,, Martin Fox, Corp., K, Auburn Albert E. Hanson, Mus., K, Lewiston Chester H. Thing, Mus., K, ,, Melvin Woodcock, K, „ Frank C. Adams, K, died in service, ,, Houghton Bond, K, ,, Erasmus D. Clark, K, ,, Emery E. Larrabee, K, „ John Lee, K, died Oct. 9, 1862, „ John H. Merrill, K, „ George B. Morrill, K, „ Henry J. Penney, K, ,, Benjamin F. Pray, K, ,, James G. Preble, K, ,, James Guiney, K, „ William M. Hall, K, „ Ambrose E. Hammond, K, „ Thomas B. Hodges, K, „ Leonard Jepson, K, „ Levi B. Johnson, K, „ 122 History of Androscoggin County. Marquis F. Joy, K, Henry II. Smith, K, James Smith, K, Joseph B. Smith, K, Alonzo Stevens, K, David D. Tarr, K, Thomas Taylor, K, Leroy II. Tobie, K, Elias S. Webber, K, George D. Whittum, K, Ethan Allen, K, Horace J. Coburu, K, John F. Quimby, K, Aaron A. Simonds, K, Hewitt C. Bailey, K, Stephen C. Blackstone, K, Lewiston Turner Minot Auburn Charles S. Raymond, K, died Mar. 15, 62, Auburn James E. Magner, K, ,, David J. Nash, K, • „ Benjamin Hutchinson, K, ,, George P. Wyraan, K, Stillman Bond. K, Henry T. Frost, K, Elmer Chipman, K, Nathan Herrick, K, Alonzo G. Frost, K, died in service, Asa Reed, K, killed Sept. 17, 1862, Augustus Royal, K, James H. Thurston, K, Samuel N. Royal, K, Albert P. Hodsdon, K, Greene Poland Lisbon Danville Wales ROSTER TENTH MAINE BATTALION. James Guiney, A, E. E. Larrabee, A, James G. Preble, A, Leonard Jepson, A, Samuel N. Royal, A, Lewiston James H. Thurston, A, Danville Isaiah H. Vickery, Corp., B, Auburn William H. Gordon, B, died July 27, 1863, Livermore Dudley F. Sanborn, B, Lewiston Eleventh Infantry Eef/imcut. — This regiment was organized October 11, 1861, at Augusta, where it was mustered into United States service November 12. John C. Caldwell, of East Machias, was colonel; Harris M. Plaisted, of Bangor, lieutenant-colonel; William M. Shaw, of Portland, major. Colonel Caldwell was made brigadier-general April 28, 1862, and left the regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Plaisted becoming colonel, and Major Shaw lieutenant- colonel. The last named ofificer resigned September 16,1862. Lieutenant-Colonel Robert F. Cam})bell resigned May 23, 1863, and Lieutenant-Colonel Winslow P. Spofford died of wounds June 17, 1864. Colonel Plaisted was brevetted brigadier-general February 21, 1865, and was discharged March 25, 1865. April 16, 1865, Colonel Jonathan A. Plill* took command of the Eleventh, and Lieutenant-Colonel Charles P. Baldwin and ^lajor Henry C. Adams were commissioned to their offices May 1 of the same year. This was a fighting regiment, took efficient part in some of the bloodiest contests in which the Army of the Potomac was engaged, and its men displayed the intrepidity and firmness of veterans. Lee's Mills, Williamsburg, Chicka- hominy. Fair Oaks, White Oak Swamp, Harrison's Landing, all testified to their'gallant bravery, while they aided in many another momentous encounter. General Nagle gave them this merited meed of praise: " Yours is the honor of having been the first to pass and the last to leave the Chickahominy. And while you led the advance from this memorable place near Richmond, you were the last in the retreating column, when, after seven days of constant fighting. 'Later brevetted brigadier-general. Military Affairs. 123 it reached a place of security and rest at Harrison's Landing." Later at Morris Island, S. C, and in the Army of the James it won added honors and suffered great losses. In the heavy and sanguinary engagements around Bermuda Hundred, at Deep Bottom and Deep Run, in front of Petersburg, at Second Fair Oaks, it performed deeds of valor and vras a credit to the state. November 2, 1864, 12 commissioned officers and 130 enlisted men returned to Maine on expiration of time of service, 100 more had re-enlisted, and this was all that was left of the original number. After General Caldwell was assigned to General Howard's brigade he led it in all the battles of the Peninsula cam- paign, after Fair Oaks, never losing a gun, color, or inch of ground. In the retreat to Harrison's Landing his command was in six battles in three days, marching all night after fighting all day. At Antietam it drove a much superior force of Confederates and captured seven stands of colors and 300 prisoners, a larger number of both than was taken by any other brigade in the army. The regimental organization was mustered out at City Point, Va, February 2, 1866. ROSTER. James A. Scoulhir, Corp., F, supposed killed May 31, 18(>2, Lewiston James Donnovan, F, ,, Harmon I. Dill, F, Auburn William H. Doughty, F, Lewiston James Lang, F, died in service, ,, Kenneth McCanley, F, ,, John Maloney, F, transferred to A, ,, Harrison N. Plaise, F, ,, James Rutherford, F, jj William A. Smith, F, J, Samuel C. Webber, F,died Oct. 19, 1862, „ John Barrett, F, ,, B. Franklin Morrill, F,. East Livermore M. P. Chase, F, killed, ,, John Smith, F, ,, Hiram C. Cui-tis, F, died July 1 1862, Minot Seth C. Welch, F, ,, Albion A. Drake, F, ,, Edwin W. Davis, F, Lisbon David T. Graffam, F, Theron Kelly, F, II Sullivan H. Penley, H, Danville Luther H. Morgan, H, ,, George H. Lord, H, died May 16 , 1862, Auburn George P. Moody, H, ,, Nathaniel Moody, H, ,, Joseph Doms, K, ,, Joseph C. Bray, F, Poland Nathan P. Downing, Serg., F, Sidney F. Downing, F, Charles F. Davis, F, Oscar D. Wilbur, Corp., C, Frank Bubier, D, died of wounds Sept. Minot Lewiston Auburn Lewiston Leeds 13, 18G4, John Hall, D, killed Aug. 14, 1864 Leonard C. Judkins, D, George A. Beals, E, Ellison Libby, F, Charles H. Winter, F, George H. Balkam, Corp., F, died in service, Enoch T. Fish, F, George A. Goody, F, killed May 15, 1864, Lisbon Otis B. George, F, East Livermore Augustus S. George, F, ,, ,, Charles B. Keith, F, Auburn J. G. S. Littlefield, F, died in service, ,, Sewell L. Chamberlain, G, wounded and missing, June 3, 1864, ,, Ellis A. Briggs, H, died Sept. 25, 64, Azel W. Drake, H. Euseb Degreeney, I, John B. Laroche, A, Abel Mahomet, A, James Morrissey, C, Francis Fylan, H, Lewiston Minot Poland Auburn Poland Danville Twelfth. Infantry Regiment. — This regiment was mustered into United States service at Portland, November 16, 1861, for three years. It was designed for service in General B. F. Butler's expedition for the capture of New Orleans, and occupancy of the Mississippi Gulf region. Tlie entire regiment 124 History of Androscoggin County. was enlisted in three weeks' time. Its colonel was George F. Shepley, one of the ablest and most eloquent lawyers in Maine. Its lieutenant-colonel was William K. Kimball, of Paris. David R. Hastings, of Lovell, was major. Edwin Illsley, of Lewiston, was adjutant. The Twelfth commenced its course of gallantry at Manchac Pass, where six companies destroyed railroad communication between New Orleans and Jackson, and captured a large amount of stores and ordnance. Colonel Shepley was appointed military commandant of New Orleans after its capture, serving in that office until promoted to brigadier-general and appointed mili- tary governor of Louisiana. In 1864 he was transferred to Norfolk, Va, to act in the same capacity there. July 17, 1862, Major Hastings tendered his resignation. The lieutenant-colonel was soon commissioned colonel, and held the command until mustered out December 7, 1864, at expiration of service. He was re-commissioned colonel, April 10, 1865, as was Major Gideon A. Hast- ings, who had also been mustered out. After faithful service and participation in the battles of Irish Bend, Port Hudson, and Donaldsonville, the regiment troops were sent to the Army of the Potomac, attached to tlie Army of the James, and lost one-fourth its number in tlie blood}^ battle of Winchester. Later at Cedar Creek it lost nearly as heavily. The regiment has a good record. It was prompt and trusty, never wanting in courage, invariably chosen for arduous and perilous service, and complimented by every general under whom it served. The original members who did not re-enlist were mustered out December 7, 1864, and the veterans and recruits consolidated into a battalion of four companies and retained in service. Six new unassigned companies organized at Portland in February and March, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years, were assigned to the Twelfth, which was stationed at Savannah. These companies were mustered out in February and March, 1866, and the whole organization April 18, 1866. ROSTER. Edwin Illsley, Adjt, pro Lieut-Col, Lewiston Almon L. Gilpatrick, Corp., A, trans- ferred Bat. 12 Me, Lisbon Franklin Martin, Corp., A, Danville Silas E. Field, B, trans Bat. 12 Me, Frederic D. Daggett, C, transferred Bat. l-'5 Me, Auburn William D. Edwards, C, transferred Bat. 12 Me, Lewiston Henry W. Carvill, D, Charles Kimball, F, Lisbon Stephen B. Packard, Lieut, G, pro- moted Capt., B, Auburn William A. Bcarce, 1st Serg., G, pro- moted 1st Lieut, Samuel L. Brown, G, Minot Darius Holt, G, James R. Holt, G, Minot John R. Anderson, K, died Feb. 8, 62, Durham Eleazer W. Jordan, K, ,, Blaney C. Allen, K, ,, W. H. H. Roberts. K, George B. Hasey, K, transferred to First Maine Bat., Lisbon Royal A. Bray, G, trans to K, pro Lieut, Turner Artemas Bubier, A, Webster Thomas Daroll, B, died Sept. 21, 1864, Lewiston Charles Patnawd, B, died July 11, 1864, „ Calvin L. Edwards, C, trans 12 Me, Octavius Forge, C, trans to Bat. 12 Me, ,, Thomas Odee, C, trans to Bat. 12 Me, ,, Peter Dagle, K, trans to Bat. 12 Me, ,, Louis Dubar, K, trans to Bat. 12 Me, „ Robert Swett, K, ,, Military Affairs. 125 ROSTER BATTALION AND NEW TWELFTH REGIMENT. Almon L. Gilpatrick, A, Lisbon Artemas Bubier, A, Webster William D. Edwards, C, Lewiston Calvin L. Edwards, C, Octavius Forge, C, Thomas Odee, C, Peter Dagle, D, Louis Dubar, D, Silas E. Fields, Corp., D, Danville Liicien P. Gould, D, Robert Swett, D, Lewiston Alexis Adams, D, Auburn Henry O. Childs, D, ' Livermore William Karvin, A, Minot Frank McKenley, B, Turner John C. Mower, C, Greene Sylvester F. Jordan, Lieut, E, Lisbon Elbridge W. Oakes, 1st Serg., E, Auburn Benjamin D. Bryent, F, Webster Kendall Pollard, Lieut, G, Lewiston Joseph Brierly, Corp., G, ,, Raphael Gay, Corp., G, ,, George H. Stinchfield, G, ,, Jefferson S. Bailey, G, ,, Robert J. Bailey, G, ,, Charles F. Churchill, G, Charles D. Cates, G, ,, William P. Douglass, G, ,, William E. Elder, G, „ Eben W. Elder, G, Henry Fellows, G, „ Russell S. Foss, G, Eben Goodridge, Jr, G, East Livermore Elisha B. Lovejoy, G, East Livermore William Beal, G, Greene El wood S. Dailey, G, George W. Kalner, G, Poland Ripley T. McCully, G, Auburn Charles H. Piper, G, Turner William F. Jordan, G, Lewiston Elliot King, G, Abram A. Larrabee, G, died in service, ,, John Loring, G, ,, Joseph Nelson, G, „ Charles E. Roberts, G, „ Frank J. Thompson, G, ,, George Vosmus, G, Lewiston John H. Wing, G, died in service, ,, William H. Larrabee, 2d Lieut, H, ,, William H. Sawyer, Corp., H, ,, John R. Allen, H, „ William Gilpatrick. H, ,, Louville G. Lord, H, ,, John B. Sanders, H, ,, Albert B. Trollop, H, Lorenzo Buck, H, A. K. P. Dixon, H, John McFarland, H, Jacob A. Field, 1st Lieut, K, Robert A. Field, Serg., K, Herbert N. Adams, K, Charles W. Campbell, K, John Q. Mason, K, George A. Pray, K, ,, ,, James S. Small, K, Minot Frank White, K, Leeds Auburn Wales Lewiston Auburn East Livermore Thirteenth Infantr// .Re;/tment. — According to tlie official United States Army Register this regiment was mustered into United States service at Augusta, December 13, 1861. It was commanded by the eminent Neal Dow as colonel; Henry Rust, Jr, of Norway, lieutenant-colonel; Frank S. Hesseltine, of Waterville, major. Wayne W. Blossom, of Turner, was quartermaster- sergeant, John S. C. Ham, of Lewiston, second lieutenant of Company C, and Waldo A. Blossom, of Turner, first lieutenant of Company F.^ February 18, 1861, the regiment left for Ship Island, in the Gulf of Mexico, where it did guard duty until July 5, and although suffering in the meantime terribly from disease, damaged stores and provisions. General Weitzel said he had never seen better soldiers. April 28, 1862, Colonel Dow was promoted to brigadier- general, Lieutenant-Colonel Rust to colonel. Major Hesseltine to the lieu- tenant-colonelcy, and Captain Abernethy Grover to major. The Thirteenth remained in the department of the Gulf, winning honorable mention in many places, notably the captures of Point Isabel, Mustang Island, Aranzas Pass, 1 Resigned April 12, 1862. 126 History of Androscoggin County. and Fort Esperanza, at Matagorda Peninsula, Pleasant Hill, etc. For some time Colonel Rust was president of the enrolling board, and provost marshal of the second congressional district of Louisiana. July 1, 1864, the regiment was ordered to the Army of the Potomac, and its service was passed in garrison and picket duty at Martinsburg, Va, the base of supplies for General Sheridan's army. 155 enlisted men were mustered out at Augusta, January 6, 1865, and 282 re-enlisted men and 82 recruits were soon organized into a battalion and transferred to the Thirtieth Maine. Colonel Dow, after becoming general, held important commands, was taken prisoner in Louisiana, and suffered severely in confinement at Richmond and elsewhere during his long captivity. He acquitted himself in all his duties with eminent ability. ROSTER. David S. Stinson, Q. M., died July 8, 62, Auburn Wayne W. Blossom, Q. M. Serg., Turner Alfred E. Buck, Capt., C, promoted Lieut-Col colored troops, Lewiston John S. P. Ham, Lieut, C, Daniel F. Smith, Serg., C, promoted Capt. colored troops, Turner Henry H. Dudley, Serg., C, promoted 2d Lieut colored troops, Lewiston Albert N. Ames, Serg., C, pro 1st Serg., ,, Charles E. Hanson, Mus., C, died May 19, 1864, Wesley Carvill, C, „ Robert England, C, ,, Albert Foss, C, „ William H. Graffam, Corp., C, ,, Maurice S. Hussey, C, „ Daniel M. Johnson, C, ,, Charles A. Litchfield, C, died July 6, 64, ,, Anthony Morgan, C, ,, Tobias Meader, C, ,, George T. Storer, C, Augustus O. Fish, C, trans from G, John C. Steele, C, Almon L. Crooker, C, died Au}2 Samuel Cotton, C, Gideon Hammond, C, Josiah Jones, C, William B. Webber, C, Jeremiah Osgood, E, Waldo A. Blcssom, Lieut, F, Andrew C. Pettingill, Serg., F, Lucius Harlow, Corp., F, Benjamin A. Elwell, Corp., F, promoted Serg., died Apr. 20, 1863, Auburn Merrill, Corp., F, prQ Serg., Joseph O. Nichols, Corp., F., ])ro Serg., William Anderson, F, William F. Bird, F, died Aug. 20, 1862, Win.slow Conant, F, died in service, Durham Lewiston Auburn 20, 1862, Miuot Lisbon Durham Turner Auburn Henry S. Drake, F, Auburn Asbury W. Foss, F, promoted Com. Serg., U. S. C. T., Enoch Grant, F, died July 3, 1863, ,, George W. Pierce, F, ,, Jonathan E. Piper, F, ,, John O. Smith, F, Charles L. Connor, Mus., F, Lewiston Joseph Andrews, Serg., F, ,, Charles Arris, F, ,, James Gilpatrick, F, ,, Charles H. Hilton, F, ,, John McNulty. F, „ John O'Brion, F, ,, John Plunket, F, William P. Arris, F, Lewis Beals, Corp., F, Daniel J. Linscott, Corp., F, Rufus P. Hackett, F, Cyrus A. Stinchfield, F, Henry Records, F, C. Winthrop Jordan, F, John S. Brown, F, Harrison D. Lowell, F, James R. Lowell, Corp., C, died Sept. 12, 1863, Leonard H. Beal, F, Charles H. Dyer, F, Albert G. Dunham, F, George F. Jordan, F, died in service, Bennett B. Fuller, F, James F. Ayer, F, ,, Charles Hodsdon, F, Wales Isaac G. Rackley, G, died Dec. 25, 1863, Greene Isaac Johnson, K, died Oct. 12, 1864, Turner William F. Sawyer, K, Minot Amos Maines, C, Webster James N. Dunn, A, transferred from I, Lewiston Joseph Blackstone, F, Auburn W. F. Haradon, F, died in service, ,, Danville Auburn Danville Greene Poland East Livermore Lisbon Minot Military Affairs. 127 Charles E. Haradon, F, , Auburn James M. Ramsdell, F, ,, Freeman L. Jackson, F, . ,, Joshua Harmon, F, Wehster Adelbert I. Clark, G, Greene George R. Sleeper, I, transferred to H, Lewiston George H. Clark, Mus., I, ,, Luther Litchfield, C, ,, John P. Murphy, C, ,, Charles L. Newton, C, Osgood Ramsdell, C, Jesse F. Sweat, C, Daniel Severance, C, Isaac D. Tarr, C, Mark Ham, H, Edwin Moulton, Corp., C, Benjamin Harrington, G, Lewiston Greene Lisbon Fourteenth Infantry Reii'tinent. — The Fourteenth was organized at Augusta, in December, 1861, to serve three years. Frank S. Nickerson, of Searsport, was colonel; Elias Milliken, of Burnham, lieutenant-colonel; Thomas W. Porter, of Bangor, major. In February, 18()2, the regiment started for the Department of the Gulf, where it won laurels at Baton Rouge, St Charles Court House, Civiquis Ferry, Port Hudson, and in other service. From the investment of Port Hudson until its surrender there was not a night in which the regiment was not represented in active duty in the trenches, as skirmishers, pickets, or sharpshooters. Colonel Nickerson was appointed brigadier-general November 29, 1862, and Lieutenant-Colonel Porter, who was advanced from major on the resignation of Lieutenant-Colonel Milliken, June 2, 1862, became colonel, and Major Charles S. Bickmore succeeded to his office, Captain Albion K. Bolan, of Company F, rising to the majority. January 1, 1864, all of the available men but forty re-enlisted, and February 10 the Fourteenth sailed for New York and was furloughed. Rendezvousing again at New Orleans, March 26, it was soon sent to Bermuda Hundred, Va, wliere it joined the Army of the James, and later was sent to the Shenandoah Valley. Here, in General Sheri- dan's campaign, it lost one-third its numbers in killed, wounded, and prisoners, many men falling at Winchester, Fisher's Hill, Opequan, and Cedar Creek, among them Lieutenant-Colonel Bickmore. December 23 those whose term of service had expired were ordered to Maine, and the re-enlisted men and recruits, numbering over 300 men, were consolidated into four companies. The old organization of the Fourteenth was mustered out Januarj' 13, 1865. Six unassigned com[)anies from Maine were united with the veterans in April, 1865, and the whole retained the name of Fourteenth until mustered out August 28, 1865. The last field officers were Albion K. Bolan, colonel ; John K. Laing, lieutenant-colonel ; Joseph M. Wiswell, major. Abbott says in his "History of Maine": "There seems to have been but little rest for this regiment by day or night. Marchings and battles were incessant. From May to August they were without tents. However severe the storm they had no shelter. Their only camp equipage was their camp- kettles carried in their hands. It seems strange that men could endure such hardships and live." General Weitzel wrote in high commendation of its valor. 128 History of Androscoggin County. William S. Brown, B, Livermore Charles H. Sawyer, F, Lewiston William M. Perkins, Serg., G, Poland Joseph T. Jordan, '2d, Corp., G, ,, Jonathan Crooker, G, died Sept. 26, (52, ,, Chipman Cobb, G, ,. Marshall C. Cobb, G, died Nov., 1862, George W. Herrick, G, ,, Bloomfield Herrick, G, ,, Freeland M. Herrick, G, promoted Serg., died Sept. 8. 1862, Lewis J. Morton, G, promoted Serg., promoted Lieut, B, ,, Newton E. Stowe, Corp., G, trans to B, ,, Charles E. Stront, G, ,, Augustine Wallace, G, died Jan. 20, 62, ,, Charles H. Moody, G, Minot Adna T. Cushman, G, transferred to 14th Maine Bat., Auburn Ebenezer A. Libbey, Corp., H, died May 25, 1862, Leeds Daniel Brown, H, Livermore Eliphalet C. Morse, Corp., H, died of wounds Nov. 5, 1864, ,, John Timberlake, H, ,, Edward F. Chase, H, East Livermore Clarence G. Haskell, H, killed, ,, ,, Charles Walker, H, Turner John F. Pinkham, K, Lewiston Alfred B. Ridlon, Corp., K, George W. Knight, Serg., F, promoted 2d Lieut in U. S. C. T., Lewiston Henry O. Trafton, F, „ Charles B. Davis, G, Minot Joseph Davis. G, died March, 18()3, „ Barton H. Ross, K, Lewiston Frank Smith, F, ,, Wilmot P. S^ordan, H, ROSTER BATTALION AND NEW FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. Frank Smith, A, Lewiston Lewis J. Morton. Serg., B, pro 2d Lieut, Poland Jo.seph H. Rounds, Capt., A, tr from H, Danville Newton E. Stowe, B, Poland Alfred B. Ridlon, C, Lewiston Joseph Bertram, C, Auburn John Harris, C, ,, John McHugh, C, ,, Charles Napier, C, ,, John Osborn, C, ,, Jeremiah Murphy, D, ,, Wilmot P. Jordan, A, Lewiston Edwin E. Emery, D, ,, Andrew Jackson, D, East Livermore Patrick Smith, D, Lewiston George E. Bordwell, Corp., F, Greene Daniel P. Eaton, F, James D. Towle, F, Leeds Joseph H. Freeman, Capt., H, Minot John C. Murdough, Serg., H, - ,, Samuel O. Partridge, Corp., H, ,, Charles Arris, H, ,, Joseph H. Bowker, H, ,, John Starbird, H, „ Charles A. True, H, Jordan G. Carvill, 1st Lieut, H, Leeds Azel A. Burnhauj, H, ,, Alfred C. Webber, Serg., H, Lisbon John A. Douglass, H, killed, ,, George W. Jordan, H, ,, Charles W. Shea, H, Charles Richardson, Serg., H, Lewiston Henry Bonney, Corp., H, ,, John Butler, H, Calvin Carvill, H, Lewiston David S. Davis, H, „ Albion G. Hayford, H, Henry Hutchings, H, ,, Floran Jordan, H, ,, Flavel R. Jordan, H, ,, Ephraim S. Litchfield, H, Charles W. Leslie, H, ,, Fifield A. Luce, H, Francis Niles, H, ,, John Ranks, Jr, H, ,, Rufus Wright, H, Joseph Rounds, Lieut, H, pro Capt., A, Poland George W. Berry, H, died July 18, 1865, Isaac Cole, H, died June 10, 1864, „ Hanson S. Cousens, H, ,, Norris Greenwood, H, ,, John B. Hunnewell, H, „ Albert W. Harris, H, Edwin D. Jewell, H, „ Silas E. Libby, H, „ Alex W. Lunt, H, William H. Merrill, H, Francis E. Mayberry, H, ,, Charles H. Par.sons, H, pro Hsp. Steward, ,, Thomas Verrill, H, Jona. L. Tobie, H, ,, Daniel McKay, H, ,, John C. Pendexter, H, ,, William Corbett, I, Turner Thomas Roustin, I, ,, George A. Roberts, I, Lewiston Peter McGuire, I, ,, James W. Libby, Capt., K, Leeds Military Affairs. 129 James Carver, K, Stephen W. Grant, K, George E. Gilbert, K, Lloyd A. Gilbert, K, Leeds David Morse, K, Herbert Hunton, Serg., K, John P. R. Sleeper, K, Charles C. Durgin, Serg., K, Leeds Poland Fifteenth Infaiitry Regiment. — The material of tliis very effective regiment was taken largely from Aroostook, Washington, and Penobscot counties. It was organized at Augusta in December, 1861, and mustered into United States service January 23, 18()2, for three years, with John McCluskey of Houlton, colonel; Isaac Dyer of Skowhegan, lieutenant-colonel; and Benjamin Hawes of Ashland, major. March (3 the Fifteenth left Portland to join the Department of the Gulf at Ship Island, and was there, at New Orleans and Carrollton until September 8. August 25 Colonel McClusky resigned, and Major Hawes also resigned Sep- tember 9. The field officers were now Colonel Isaac Dyer, Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin B. Murray (originally captain of Company A), Major* Franklin M. Drew (originally captain of Company G). From Carrollton the regiment went to Pensacola, where, until June, 18(>3, it was encamped, Colonel Dyer being in command of the troops in West Florida, Forts Pickens and Barrancas being included. In its first year of service out of 962 enlisted men it lost 329 by deser- tion, discharge, and death, and had never been in battle. June 21 it was ordered to New Orleans, joined the Texas expedition of General Banks in October, and its flag was the first unfurled on Texas soil. General Ransom selected the Fifteenth and Thirteenth Maine to lead the advance of his expedition against the rebels at Mustang Island and Forts Semines and Esperanza. Here the Fifteenth rendered gallant service and was complimented by the general com- manding. It was a part of the army of occupation of Texas until February 28, marching the whole length of the sea-coast of the state, and suffering severely from exposure. It was then made a part of General Banks's Red River expedition in which it marched over 700 miles in two months, taking conspicuous part in the heavy battles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill, and participating in actions at Cane River Crossing and Mansura Plains. In June it was ordered to New Orleans, in July went to Fortress Monroe, where six companies were sent to Bermuda Hundred, while Lieutenant-Colonel Murray and Major Drew, in command of the other four companies, participated in the campaign against Early's raiders. The regiment (reunited at Monocacy Junction, August 4,) was furloughed August 10 for thirty-five days. The Fifteenth served in the Shenandoah Valley until after Lee's surrender, when it was stationed in different parts of South Carolina. Here its officers were largely employed as provost-marshals, provost-judges, members of courts-mar- tial and military commissions, and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. This regiment was in service longer than other Maine regiments, not being mustered out until July 5, 1866. Majors Drew and Whittemore were discharged in 130 History of Androscoggin County. 1865. The field officers at close of service were Lieutenant-Colonel Benjamin B. Murray and Major John R. Coates. ROSTER. Charles Dennett, Serg., B, Lewiston Alonzo Rogers, Mus., B, Lisbon N. A. Beal, B, ,, Leeman H. Bard, B, ,, B. Franklin Hisgins, Corp., B, Webster Andrew Bubier, B, promoted Serg., ,, Mariner T. Green, B, drowned Mar. (i, 1803, Lisbon John L. Higgins, B, "Webster James S. Metcalf, B, died Jan. 26, 1864, „ William H. Metcalf, B, Josiah Bragdon, D, died Jan. 27, 1862, Poland William Berry, D, died July 13, 1863, James W. Duran, D, died Dec. 27, 1861, ,, Humphrey S. Edwards, D, died Apr. 1, 1862, Luke Jillson, D, died Jan. 14, 1803, Daniel Orr, D, ,, Joshua Edwards, D, died Aug. 17, 1802, ,, George Storer, H, died Aug. 3, 1862, Auburn Joseph Brimijoin, Lisbon Otis H. Douglass, B, died June 6, 1862, „ Edwin C. Douglass, B, ,, Michael Tobin, I, Nelson W. Edwards. D, Richard Edwards, D, Alexander Brown, D, Henry F. Brickett, A, Edward Pearsons, D, Benjamin F. Brown, Lieut, G, ,, George Anderson, A, Turner Lewiston Poland Lewiston Livermore Albert C. Currier, A, James Smith, K, Jesse B. Austin, D, Thomas Cunningham, C, Patrick Deehan, C, Chase M. Harris, C, Henry Lane, C, Martin McNilf, C, George P. McCarty, C, Daniel Patterson, C, James Sullivan, C, Hira A. Archibald, D, died William Bunnell, D, Edward H. Gilson, D, died Alonzo Impy, D, Lendall Knight, D, Frank Silvia, E, Michael Barnes, F, John Sullivan, F, William Fitzgerald, F, John Iveson, Corp., G, George L. Fogg, K, William H. Babb, G, died, John Colbert, G, Thomas Fisher, G, Harper C. McKeen, G, Oliver Forney, G, Patrick Kelly, G, Charles E. Shirley, G, Lewis Morrin, H, John Williams, H, Lewiston Wales Lewiston Poland Greene Lisbon Minot Turner Auburn in service, Poland Lewiston in service. Minot Leeds Lewiston Auburn Lewiston Minot Lisbon East Livermore Poland Turner Minot Turner Poland Minot Sixteenth Infantry Rcjihiietit. — In May, 18(i2, recruiting was commenced for this organization, whicli was mustered into United States service at Augusta, August 14, 1862. The men came from all parts of the state. The field officers were Asa W. Wildes, colonel; Charles W. Tilden, lieutenant-colonel; Augustus B. Farnham, major. Marshall S. Smith, of East Livermore, was second lieu- tenant of Company C; Archibald D. Leavitt, of Turner, captain of Company E. Company 1 was in command of William H. Waldron, of Lewiston, captain; William Bray, of Turner, first lieutenant ; Charles C. Garcelon, of Lewiston, second lieutenant. August 19 the Sixteenth left Augusta for Washington, went into camp at Arlington Heights on arriving there, and received drill in heavy artillery tactics as well as light infantry, but the exigencies of the war soon caused it to be ordered into the field in light marching order to resist the invasion of Pennsylvania. The knapsacks and overcoats were left behind and later sent to Washington. For nearly three months the regiment marched, counter- Military Affairs. 131 marched, and did duty without a tent to protect the men from cold or storm, and the only covering they had was the boughs of trees and an occasional bunch of corn-stalks, while for eleven weeks they had no change of undercloth- ing. The death-roll and casualities reduced the number to less than 700, while of these 250 were on the sick list. This was the more unbearable as all sur- rounding regiments were supplied with everything needed for comfort. At last the men were properly equipped and called to demonstrate their valor on the battlefield. How well that was done, official records testify. The roll of honor numbers among others the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Fred- ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock, Mine Run, Wilder- ness, Spottsylvania, Laurel Hill, North Anna, Tolopotomoy, Bethesda Church, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Gravelly Run, and South Side Railroad. In some of these its loss was nearly fifty per cent, of its numbers, while at Gettysburg in three days, out of 248 who were counted for duty, all were lost except seventeen. Colonel Wildes resigned January 7, 1863. He was succeeded by Colonel Tilden who was taken prisoner, and escaped from a nine-months' captivity through the famous tunnel of Libby Prison. Major Farnham became lieutenant-colonel Februarj'- 14, 18(33, and was brevetted colonel April 1, 1865. Major Leavitt died May 31, 1864, from wounds received at Laurel Hill, and Major Abner R. Small succeeded him in office. The regi- ment was mustered out June 5, 1865, and the recruits transferred to the Twentieth. ROSTER. Uriah Balkam, Chaiilain, Lewiston Hosea D. Manley, Serg.-Maj., Auburn Luther E. Burgess, Wag., B, Turner Everett G. Ford, B, Charles A. Adkins, B, died Dec. 5, 62, ,, Joseph W. Richardson, B, ,, Benj. F. Hutchinson, B, kd Feb. 7, 6.5, Lewiston Marshall S. Smith, 1st Lieut, C, East Livermore Columbus A. Whitney, C, Turner Nathan Bartlett, Jr, C, died Dec. 10, 1863, East Livermore Orville Brown, C, ,, ,, Calvin Beals, C, ,, ,, David H. Hinds, C, died, ,, ,, Dorillus Hobbs, Corp., C, died, ,, ,, N. J. Sanford, C, James Ridley, C, ,, ,, James N. Brown, Corp., C, »» M Smith Hilton, D, Lewiston Thomas Mason, D, jj Lorenzo Rourke, D, ,, Nelson A. Lane, I), Poland Adrian (J. Roberts, I>, Minot Arch D. Leavitt, Capt., E, pro Maj., died May 31, 1864, of wds. Turner Aubrey Leavitt, Serg., E, pro 1st Lt, B, ,, Jones Whitman, Corp., E, pro Serg., pro 1st Lieut, Turner Otis Hood, Wag., E, Seth H. Alden, E, Sidney A. Allen, E, Luther Bradford, Serg., E, Curtis V. Fales, E, died Oct. 12, 63, f4eorge C. Harmond, E, Calvin M. Heywood, E, Frank M. Merrill, Mus., E, died Dec. 21, 1862, Isaac J. Monk, E, Sarson C. Pratt, E, Sampson A. Thomas, E, Charles P. Winship, E, Joseph G. Lamb, Corp., E, pro Serg., Leeds Charles R. Berry, E, died of wds Dec. 25, 1862, John A. Buruhara, E, ,, Ebenezer Curtis, 2d, E, ,, Francis George, E, ,, George G. Hussey, E, ,, RoUin F. Jennings, E, trans to .5 Me Bat., ,, (ieorge H. Peare, E, ,, Samuel W. Pettengill, E, trans to V. R. C, ,, Granville Richmond, E, ,, 132 History of Androscoggin County. William W. Wheeler, E, Leeds Frank Wiggin, Serg., H, Lewiston Wm H. Waldron, Capt., I, pro Capt. andA. Q. M., Charles A. Garcolon, Lieut, I, ,, Kdwin K. Hall, Serg., I, E. Freeman Higgins, 1st Sgt, I, died, ,, Charles R. Anderson, I, ,, Edward Hayes, I, ,, John r.alvin, I, trans Vet Kes Corps, „ Hiram W. Loring, 1, ,. Amos Nevins, I, ,, Patrick O'Neil, I, ,, Josejih W. I'armenter, I, ,, iMathew Roberts, I, trans 5 JSIe. Bat, ,, Sebastian S. Vose, I, ,, William Bray, l,st Lieut, I, Turner Freeman H. Farris, I, ,, Stewart Holmes, I, ,, Orlando A. Jones, I, miss in act at Fred'b'g, ,, George T. Piper, I, ,, Thomas L, Roberts, I, ,, William B. Staples, I, ,, Albert Potter, Serg., I, Webster George W. Jordan, Corp., I, ,, George B. Haskell, Serg., I, ,, Octavius K. Cloudman, I, ,, Benj. B. Crockett, I, trans to V. R. C, ,, Benj. F. Garcelon, I, died a rebel pris, ,, Ephraim L. Jordan, Corp., I, ,, Francis A. McKinney, I, ,, Aden A. Niles, I, died Dec. 2(), 03, Oliver Stover, I, died a rebel prisoner, ,, R. N. Waterman, I, ,, Zelotus Rowe, Serg., I, died in Libby Prison, Lisbon Africa P. Cotton, Corp., I, ,, Nath Gilpatrick, Corji., I, kd Fred'b'g, Dec. 13, 62, „ Isaac A. Blake, I, kd Fred'b'g, Dec lo, (52, ,, Andrew A. Cotton, I, trans V. R. C, ,, Blanchard ('otton, I, died in service, ,, Benj. F. Farrar, I, trans Vet Res Corps, „ Thomas J. Gould, Serg., I, ,, Silas C. Gould, I, kd Dec. 13, 18(i2, ,, Daniel Small, Corp., I, ,, Nelson H. Wade, 1 , trans Vet Res Corps, ,, Charles Wescott, I, Hosea D. Manley, I, pro Serg.-Maj., Auburn Geo. S. Boutelle, I, died in service, ,, George D. Marston, Corp., I, pro Serg., ,, Noah Jordan, Mus., I, John F. Lewis, I, Wilbur F. Mower, Serg., I, pro 2d Lt, Greene Jabez P. Pratt, Serg., I, pro 1st Lt, K, Greene Araunah H. Briggs, Corp., I, died in rebel prison, ,, Edward P. Dyer, I, ,, George W. Frost, I, died in service, ,, Orison W. Hackett, I, ,, William Johnson, I, died Oct. 23, 62, ,, William H. Michaels, I, died Feb. 18, 63, ,, Lora S Patten, I, died Mar. 2, 65, ,, Pilugene S. Mower, I, „ Edwin H. Nason, I, ,, Charles W. Allen, I, Livermore James P. Beals, I, Durham William Davis, Corp., I, ,, Jeremiah Estes, I, died in service, ,, Henry Hackett, I, ,, George G. Leavens, I, ,, Daniel Perry, I, died Mar, 28, 63, Minot William H. Miller, C , Lewiston Charles D. Ryder, D, Danville George Bryan, D, Lewiston Michael J. Barrett, D, ,, Sylvanus G. Glover, D, miss in act June 6, 1864, James H. Houlahan, D, trans to 20 Me, ,, George T. Davis, E, trans to 20 Me, Turner John Ellis, E, Lewiston Daniel Witherell, E, trans V. R. C, Edwin M. Jewell, E, Wales Timothy Coharn, G, trans to 20 Me, Lewiston Augustus A. Sutherland, G, tr 20 Me, Lisbon John Clark, H, Lewiston Charles Fisher. H, ,, William J. Linscomb, H, ,, John Boyd, I, ,, William Brown, I, died in Andersonville, ,, Roscoe Chandler, I, died Apr. 7, 64, ,, Charles McGowan, I, ,, Charles H. Thompson, I, died a pris Nov. 30, 65, Fred W. West, I, died Dec. 22, 63, George R. Grover, K, ,, David H. Stevens, K, ,, Frank Manley, A, trans from K, Auburn Thomas Stewart, A, trans to F, ,, Charles C. Getchell, A, Durham John Kelley, B, trans to 20 Me, Auburn Richard Libby, B, died Jan. 29, 65, ,, Jonathan Allen, C, trans to 20 Me, Livermore John Driscoll, C, trans to 20 Me, Auburn Charles W. Wright, C, Danville William Tendall, D, Auburn George H. Gould, H, trans from A, Lewiston William C. Hall, Minot Seventeenth Infantry /iff/inwnt. — This body was enlisted from Andros- coggin, Cumberland, Oxford, and York counties, and was mustered into United States service, August 18, 1862. It left Maine August 21 for Wash- Military Affairs. 133 ington, and was engaged in garrison duty, in perfecting its drill, and in various camps until the winter campaign of 18()2-3. Thomas A. Roberts, of Portland, was colonel; Charles B. Merrill, of Portland, lieutenant-colonel; and George W. West, of Fort Kent, major. Company C was officered by Captain Augustus Golderman, of Minot; Otho W. Burnham, of Poland, first lieutenant ; Joseph A. Perry, of Portland, second lieutenant. The captain and first lieutenant of Company D were Captain Isaac S. Faunce and Lieutenant Milton M. Young, both of Lewiston. The Seventeenth first engaged in battle at Fredericksburg, where it drove the charging Confederates back to their intrenchments in such a manner as to elicit compliments from General Berry for its steadiness under fire. It would be pleasurable to linger over the brilliant record of this gallant organization. It was in the hottest of the historic engagements of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, the Cedars, Gettys- burg, Orange Grove, Auburn, Mine Run, Wilderness, Po River, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomoy, Coal Harbor, and at and arouiul Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, etc. Ill health caused tlie resignation of Colonel Roberts, June 2, 1863. Major West was mustered as colonel, November 26, wounded at the Wilderness May 0, brevetted brigadier-general December 2, 1864, and discharged April 17, 1865. Lieutenant-Colonel Merrill was mustered out October 7, 1864. The recruits of the Third Maine were trans- ferred to the Seventeenth, June 4, 1864. February 18, 18(55, Company D, Second United States Sharpshooters, was transferred to this regiment, and consolidated with its several companies. The members of the Seventeenth, whose terms of service expired previous to October, 1865, were mustered out June 4, 1865, and the others consolidated with the First Maine Heavy Artillery. At this time the field officers were Colonel Charles P. Mattocks and Lieutenant-Colonel William Hobson. ROSTER. Henry L. K. "Wiggin, Surgeon, Auburn Augustus Goldermann, Capt., C, Minot Asa L. Downs, Serg., C, ,, George E. Perry, Corp.,C, died in service, ,, Edwin G. Parsons, Mus., C, ,, Alexander Campbell, C, died in service, ,, Samuel Davis, Jr, G, ■ ,, Setb B. Day, Corp., C, ,, George A. Durgin, Corp., C, pro Sgt, ,, James L. Fuller, Corp., C, kd in action, ,, Elmer D. Hackett, C, „ William H. Hersey, C, ,, Hosea Knowlton, C, ,, George F. Perkins, C, ,, Addison B. Pratt, C, ,, George F. Sawyer, C, ,, Chas. W. Strout, C, tr Vet. Res. Corps, ,, Orin Wbittemore, C, ,, Otho W. Burnham, Lieut, C, Poland Edward H. Fuller, Corp., C, ,, Cyrus T. Pratt, Corp., C, kd in action, ,, Stephen W. Gammon, Mus., C, ,, George G. Bridgham, (", ,, Horace J. Brown, C, tr to 1st H. A., ,, Edward S. Chipman, C, ,, Allen M. Churchill, C, tr Vet Res Corps, Cephas B. Cobb, C, died Aug. 22, G2, Chas. Daisey, C, kd May 23, (J3, Chas. M. Dockham, C, tr to 1st H. A., ,, James T. Donald, C, died Mar. 12, (13, ,, George B. Dunn, Sgt,C, pro 2d Lt, Co. B, „ Josiah Duran, Corp., C, ,, Albert W. Harris, C, Samuel F. Haskell, Serg., C, ,, George W. Jackson, C, „ James M. Mills, C, ,, 134 History of Androscoggin County. John Noyes, C, Poland Andrew J. Pattee, C, kd Gettysburg, July 2, ()3, Elhanan W. Record, C, „ Wentworth P. Ricker, C, i. Tillson Waterman, Jr, C, tr V. R. C, ,, William H. Woodward, C, >. William F. Morrill, Serg., C, Durham Jonathan R. Ryerson, C, tr to 1 H. A., Danville Edwin P. Gurney, C, .. Edward R. Allen, C (Danville), Lewiston Isaac S. Faunce, Capt., D, tr to A, ,, Milton M. Young, Lt, D, pro Capt., K, ,, AVilliam C. Winter, Sgt, D, pro Lieut, died Jan. 25, US, „ Dan'l J. Chandler, 1st Sgt, D, pro Lt, B, „ John F. Putnam, Sgt, D, pro Com. Sgt, ,, Levi Willard, Jr, Serg., D, ,, Artson K. Dennison, Sgt, D, tr V. R. C, ,, Bernard Hogan, Corp., D, mort wd Gettysburg, ,, Newton W. Parker, Sgt, D, pro 1st Lt, kd in act, ,, Oliver D. Smith. Corp., D, „ George Lothrop, Serg., D, ,, Frank C. Houghton, Wag., D, ,, Joseph Austin, D, ,, Edwin G. Baker, D, tr to V. II. C, ,, Nath G. Bickford, D, „ William Bodge, D, „ Edward Brackett, D, ,, Warren S. Butler, D, tr to V. R. C, ,, Joseph Chadderton, D, kd June IG, CA, ,, George O. Currier, D, ,, Richard L. Dalton, 1), ,, Melvin Davis, Serg., D, ,, Charles A. DeWitt, Corp., I), ,, Samuel L. Dwelly, D, died from wds July 9, 6.-?, Albert Diinlai), D, ,, Aaron Dunn, D, tr to V. R. C, Oilman Faunce, D, ,, Levi Fowler, D, kd Gettysb'g, July 2, 6.3, ,, W. P. Gatchell, D, Isaac S. Golden, D, „ Charles H. Groves, D, ,, LaForest Groves, D, ,, Thomas C. Haley, D, Elijali P. Harmon, D, ,, John Hogan, D, ,, John Holt, D, „ James Hulrae, D, ,, Lemuel Jackson, I), „ William H. Lane, I), „ CJeorge H. Maloon, I), ,, Isaiah G. j\Iason, died in service, ,, Thomas McCarty, 1), ,, Frank A. McDonald, D, kd in action, „ Michael McDonald, D, Lewiston Martin McNulty, D, . ,, George A. Parker, D, pro Serg.-Maj., Lt F, and Adjt, Geo. I. Parker, D, pro Sgt and 1st Sgt, Charles W. Peasley, D, Henry H. Penley, Corp., D, John A. Reed, D, Joshua G. Richardson, D, Ezra P. Rogers, D, died of wds in service, Isaac Rounds, D (Danville), John N. Smith, D, tr to V. R. C, Bradford Stevens, D, William Stewart, D, Michael Sweeney, Corp., D, kd in action, Wm. Tindall, D, tr to V. R. C, Thomas Toole, D, kd in action, Waterman Trafton, D, tr V. R. C, Amos G. Winter, D, Thomas W. Lord, Sgt, K, pro 2d Lt, Auburn Charles A. Beal, Serg., K, ,, Adolplius P. Wilson, Corp., K, ,, Andrew J. Miller, K, kd Apr. (J, 05, ,, Alfred Ring, Corp., K (Danville), Pliny L. Wyman, Corp., K, ,, Wm. H. Wyman, Wag., K, died in service, ,, Hiram Andrews, K, ,, M. M. Andrews, K, ,, Alfred E. Atwood, K, died Jan. 11, 63, Hiram Atwood, K, ,, James A. Bennett, Corp., K, ,, Almon E. Brown (Danville), ,, John H. Conley, K, John H. Cotton, K, „ John McCrocker, K, „ Rufus Danforth, K, „ William J. Golden, K, Elisha Hall, Corp., K, Samuel R. Harris, K (Danville), ,, Samuel O. Hatch, K, kd at Gettysb'g, ,, John F. Hewey, K, ,, Aug. A. Keith, Corp., K, kd in action, ,, Abraham Libby, K, tr to V. R. C, ,, George W. Lord, K, ,, Wm H. Lyon, K, kd in action, G.3, ,, Wallace Maxfield, K, „ Addison A. Miller, K (Danville), Francis D. Morey, K, ,, Chandler Nason, K, tr to 1st H. A., ,, Nahum Niles, K, died Feb. 9, 63, „ Leonard R. Penny, K, died Nov. 7, 62, Weston S. Rand, K, ,, (Jeorge F. Read, K, ,, F'rederick D. Read, K, ,, Dana Rounds, K, died June 5, 63, ,, David Small, K, ,, Thomas Storah, K, tr to V. R. C, „ Military Affairs. 135 Geo. J. Strout, Corp., K, kd Apr. 11, 64, Auburn Edwin Verrill, K, died in service, ,, Augustine Voung, Corp., K, ,, Greenleaf D. Willard, K, ,, Joseph J. Jackson. K, Danville William Doyle, K, Leeds Oliver E. Randall, K, Lewiston Charles H. Wright, K, Milton M. Young, K, wd July 2, G.^i, died Aug. 13, ,) Charles W. Brown, C, ,, William H. Courson, C, ,, Silas McCallister, C, ,, John Stanley, C, ,, Tallman L. ^Iclntire, D, tr to 1 H. A., Henry Hall, E, John McDonald, E, tr to V. R. C, John r. Barrows, P, tr to 1 H. A., Minot John Taylor, F, Lewiston Patrick Kelly, H, James Shannon, H, ,, Patrick Sullivan, H, tr to 1 H. A., John Sullivan, H, tr to 1 H. A., ,, Samuel Parker, A, kd in service, ,, Isaiah Bonney, A, tr f r .3 Me, tr to 1 H. A, ,, Francis H. Barnes, A, tr from 3 Me, ,, Amos G. Bean, A, tr from 3 Me, ,, AnselH. Cram, A,trfr3Me,trto] H.A., ,, Daniel Cohan, A, tr from 3 Me, ,, Marcellus Cram, A, tr from 3 Me, ,, Josephus C. Colby, A, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., Josiah Dill, A, tr to 1 H. A., Isaac S. Faunce, Capt., A, tr to 1 H. A, ,, S. W. G. Gonyea, A, tr to 1 H. A., Lafayette Plaisted, A, tr to Co. G, ,, Stephen P. Cutler, B, tr fr 1 Me, tr to 1 H. A., Poland Julius G. Chipman, B, ,, George B. Dunn, Lt, B, pro 1 Lt, G, ,, Arthur L. Coombs B, tr fr 3 Me, Lewiston Daniel J. Chandler, Lieut, B, ,, Patrick Dolan, B, tr fr 3 Me, trto 1 H. A., „ John O. Sullivan, B, tr to 1 H. A., John Fuller, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, H. H. Garcelon, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to V. R. C, „ E. T. Getchell, C, tr fr 3 Me, „ Wm Galoin, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, Dexter W. Howard, C, pro 2d Lt, E, * Leeds Elisha K. Mann, 1st Sgt, C, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., Wales Jas. A. Cummings, F, died Apr. 19, 05, Auburn Thos. Hayes, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., Lewiston Granville Holt, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., „ Geo. W. Hatch, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., ,, Geo. Hourd, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., ,, Jona Hutchinson, Jr, D, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., Minot James Britten, E, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., Lewiston Chas. McCarroll, E, tr fr 3 Me, tr to H. A., ,, John J. O'Connell, E, tr fr 3 Me, kd Oct. 17, 04, Dexter W. Howard, E, joined as Lt fr C, Leeds Edward E. Jones, E, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., Minot Josiah Winslow, F, ,, Bartholomew Cuff, F, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., Lewiston Patrick Lyons, F, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, M. N. Shephard, F, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., „ Rufus F. Dexter, G, died of wds in service, „ Geo. B. Dunn, 1st Lt, G, pro Capt., K, Poland John Fallen, G, tr fr 3 Me, Lewiston Calvin Kneeland, G, tr fr 3 Me, ,, Geo. H. Leighton, G, tr fr 2 U. S. S. S., „ L. F. Miller, G, tr fr 3 Me, died July 4, (54, ,, Michael A. Murphy, G, tr fr 2 U. S. S. S., ,, Geo. W. Ryerson, G, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., Michael Riley, G, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, Orrin Rogers, G, tr fr 3 Me, Samuel A. Seeley, G, tr fr 3 Me, tr to IH. A., Chas. Stewart, G, tr fr 3 Me, d in serv, Joseph Newell, G, never joined company, „ Chas. H. Lewis, Corp., H, tr fr 3d Me, tr to 1 H. A., John Primrose, H,tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., ,, Roscoe Smith, H, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A.. „ James P. Thompson, H, tr fr 3 Me, tr to IH. A., Melville A. I'erkins, H, died May 3, 05, Auburn Edward L. Stevens, H, tr fr 3 Me, Turner Newton W. Parker, Lieut, I, killed, Lewiston Charles Lisbon, I, " Martin McElroy, I, tr fr 3 Me, Wm. C. Thompson, I, tr fr 3 Me, died, ,, Henry H. Thompson, I, tr fr 3 Me, Mark Tripp, I, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., John L. Tubbs, I, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., „ Chas. Wellman, I, tr fr 3 Me, Wm. A. Ward, I, tr fr 3 Me, James C. Smith, I, tr fr 3 Me, killed, Livermore Orville Swett, I, never joined Co., Durham Lloyd B. Caswell, K, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., Leeds Robert W. Austin, K, Danville John Nixon, K, Lewiston Acton Wheeler, K, tr fr 3 Me, tr to IH. A., John Warner, K, tr fr 3 Me, tr to 1 H. A., „ Orville Young, K, tr fr 3 Me, „ For Eiiihteenth Regiment see First Regiment Heavy Artillery. 136 History of Androscoggin County. Nineteenth Infantry Regiment. — T\\\s regiment enlisted mostly in Knox, Kennebec, Waldo, and Sagadahoc counties, was organized at Bath, August 25, 1862, for three years. The field officers were Colonel Frederick D. Sewall, who had served as assistant adjutant-general on the staff of General Howard; Lieutenant-Colonel Francis E. Heath, who had been a captain in the Third from organization ; ^lajor Henry W. Cunningham, a former captain of the Fourth. The original members whose terms of service expired before October, 1865, were mustered out of service jNIay 31, 1865, and the others united with the First JNlaine Heavy Artillery. Leaving Bath August 27, 1862 (having been raised, organized, and equipped in less than four weeks), it arrived at Washington August 29, and was ordered to the defenses of the city. In October it operated in the Shenandoah valley, and at Charleston, October 16, first came under fire, wliere it behaved with the same coolness and steadiness that characterized the regiment in every subse- quent engagement. November 17 it took position at Falmouth in front of Fredericksburg, and participated in the five-days' battle in December. It was classed among the first regiments of the corps for discipline, bravery, and efficiency. At Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Bristow Station, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Mine Run, Spottsylvania, Po River, Tolopotomoy, North Anna, Coal Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Ream's Station, Strawberry Plains, Boydton Road, and in otlier actions did this grand regiment conduct itself most gallantly, taking prisoners, capturing colors, and winning commendation. Over one-half its number were killed and wounded at Gettysburg. Colonel Sewall resigned February 19, 1863 ; Colonel Heath, November 1, 1863. Colonel Selden Connor was promoted to brigadier-general July 1, 1864, and Colonel James W. Welch resigned October 21, 1864. Lieutenant-Colonel Cunningham was mustered out June 11, 1864. The regimental commanding officers in its later service were Colonel Isaac W. Starbird, commissioned November 16, 1864; Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph W. Spaulding, December 2, 1864; and Major David E. Parsons, November 1(), 1864. ROSTER. Benjamin F. Sturgis, Assistant Surgeon. Henry A. Ham, Corp., F, Wales George W. Hodgman, F, ,, Wm S. Small, F, jj Thomas L. Bubier, F, tr V. R. C, Leeds Addison D. Gilbert, F, J, Calvin B. Keen, F, J, Moses S. Dennett, 1st Serg., F, Levviston Henry H. Lake, F, tr 4 U. S. Art., ,, Thomas S. Rose, F, Greene Jeremiah Sullivan, K, tr V. R. C, Lewiston John G. Curtis, A, ,, John Carter, A, tr fr 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Benjamin C. Hatch, B, Lewiston Narcisse Lamare, B, ,, Wm H. H. Small, Corp., B, tr 1 H. A., John J. Dalmage, C, ,, Rufus Richardson, C, tr 1 H. A., ,, Martin V. B. Richardson, C, ,, Charles Ludes, D, tr 1 H. A., ,, Joseph W. Wilbur, D, ,, Orrin I. Peterson, D, tr V. R. C, Poland Augustus Campbell, E, trto 1 H. A., Livermore William Farr, E, killed May G, 64, Lewiston Lora H. Collins, F, Walter Jerald, Serg., F, tr 1 H. A., „ Military Affairs. 137 George Morris, F, Lewiston Marcus M. Stone, F, tr 1 H. A.. ,, Patrick Sweeney, F, d in rebel prison Aug. 27, 64, James H. Durgan, G, ,, Rinaldo A. Labree, G, tr to V. R. C, ,, William H. H. Small, G, Adolphus P. Wilson, G, ,, Edward Bogue, I, ,, Joseph Baker, I, ,, John Curran, I, ,, Patrick Harrigan, I, died June 10, Gi, „ George Bixby, K, ,, William Greenwood, K, tr 1 H. A., ,, James W. Hicks, K, tr to 1 H. A., Loring McKeen, K, ,, Norman McKinsey, K, ,, John L. Thompson, K, died from wnds at Wilderness, ,, John H. Williams, K, tr 1 H. A., Daniel Dana, B, tr fr. 4 Me, d Nov. 3, fi4, „ James H. Hutchinson, B, ,, Joseph Jordan, B, Webster John L. Higgins.C, tr f r. 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Webster Nathan B. Harlow, C, tr from 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Auburn George M. Hatch, C, Lewiston Seth W. Jackson, C, tr from 4 Me, died Oct. 4, 64, Frank Larvin, C, tr fr. 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., ,, Charles W. Merrill, C, tr from 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Lisbon Patrick Bray, F, tr fr. 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Lewiston Michael King, F, „ Maxim Layois, F, tr 1 H. A., „ Justus C. Briggs, F, died in rebel prison Aug. 10, ()4, Turner Hezekiah D, Morse, F, tr from 4 Me, tr 1 H. A., Poland James B. Davis, G, tr 1 H. A., Lewiston William B. Ellis, G, tr 1 H. A., Hugh Hunter, G, tr 1 H, A., „ Peter Lee, G, tr 1 H. A., George Wilbur, G, ,, Edwin F. Carter, K, died April 14, (54, ,, Samuel E. Kenniston, K, tr 1 H. A., ,, Twenfieth Infantri/ Bc(/imenf. — This was organized at Portland, August 29, 1862, to serve three years. It was extremely well organized, and the personnel of its officers bespoke for it a brilliant service, which the regiment fully maintained. Professor Joshua L. Chamberlain, of Bowdoin College, availed himself of a leave of absence granted him to visit Enrope to offer himself to Governor Washburn for military service, and was appointed lieu- tenant-colonel of this regiment, and took command of the rendezvous until the organization and the arrival of Colonel Adelbert Ames, who had been educated at West Point. From graduation in 1861 he was in active service as captain, and for gallantry at jMalvern Hill was recommended for two brevets, and commissioned colonel of the Twentieth. Major Charles D. Gilmore was of Bangor, Lieutenants Augustus H. Strickland, Company I, and William W. Morrill, Company K, were of Livermore. September 3, 1862, the regiment left the state for the Potomac, and immediately entered upon the severe duties of the Maryland campaign ; it took part in Antietam, Fredericksburg, and many reconnoissances, skirmishes, and expeditions during the winter. In the movements preceding the battle of Chancellorsville the regiment was left in camp, the men having been inoculated with small-pox through mistake, and Colonel Ames secured detached service on General Meade's staff. At the sound of the first gun of the battle Lieutenant-Colonel Chamberlain solicited the privilege of taking the regiment somewliere on the line, saying that " we would give the rebels the small-pox if nothing else," and was soon put in charge of the signal and telegraph lines from headquarters to the several stations on the battlefield. May 20 he was commissioned colonel. July 2, 1863, the Twentieth had to hold the extreme left of the Union line, and with- 138 History of Androscoggin County. stood an attack of an entire rebel brigade for two hours in front, flank, and rear. Holding the position with the loss of half its men, it drove the remnants of Hood's division before it, and captured and held all night the heights of Round Top, taking more than double its own number in prisoners. The credit of capturing Hound Top is entirely due to the Twentieth, and for it they were officially thanked by brigade, division, and corps commanders, and Colonel Chamberlain recommended by all for promotion. He was dangerously wounded at Petersburg, June 18, and "for meritorious and efficient service on the held of battle, and especially for gallant conduct," he was appointed brigadier- general by General Grant on the field — the only instance of the kind in the history of the army. The Twentieth passed the winter of 1863-4 at Rappa- hannock Station, which it had aided in capturing, and joined the campaign of brilliant service which embraced the battles of Locust Grove, Spottsylvania, Laurel Hill, North Anna, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Peeble's Farm, Hatcher's Run. It also did gallant duty during its service at Mine Run, Wil- derness, Five Forks, was skirmishing with the enemy at Appomattox when Lee surrendered, and was one of the regiments designated to receive the Confed- erate arms. Major Gilmore had risen to be colonel, and resigned May 29, 1865, and was succeeded by Colonel Spear. Lieutenant-Colonel Walter G. Morrill and Major Atherton W. Clark were discharged June 4, 1865, and Colonel Ellis Spear, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas D. Chamberlain and Major George R. Abbott were in command until the final muster-out, July 16, 1865. The original members whose service expired before October, 1865, had been mustered out in June, when the men of the Sixteenth Regiment and First Sharpshooters were transferred to the Twentieth. ROSTER. Aug. H. Strickland, Lieut, C, Livermore Daniel If. Kilbreth, Serg., C, ,, Sereah M. Pratt, Corp., C, ,, Albert C. Pray, Corp., C, promoted Serg. -Major, ,, Edward R. Brown, C, ,, Elisha (). Drake, C, Lucius M. Joslin, C, ,, Davi.s Jjarrabee, C, ,, William Libby, C, George D. Neal, Serg., C, ,, Albert Roberts, C, ,, Seba Smith, C, trans to V. 11. C, ,, Oliver L. Stevens, C, died of wounds July 11, 6:5, Alexis C. Taylor, C, Arad Thompson, Serg., C, pro Capt., K, ,, Philip Williams, C, trans to V. R. C, „ Henry C. Simmons, C, died Dec. 13, ()2, Turner "Winslow Turner, C, Leeds George F. .Toy, Corp., K, Durham James H. Miller, Corp., K, tr V. R. C, Durham Irving Tyler, Mus., K, ,, Wm H. Pollister, K, trans to V. R. C, „ James R. Merrill, K, kd at Gettysburg, ,, .lohn F. Bickford, K, Danville George W. Carleton, K, Lewiston Frank Clark, Serg. -Major, pro from K, Auburn Josei)li Tyler, Mus., Durham Louis Benoit, A, Lewiston Wm. W. Morrill, Capt., A, killed May 8, 64, Livermore Melvin W. Marston, D, Durham Geo. Bryan, D, trans fr 16tli Me, Lewiston Reuben H. Estes, D., trans fr 1st S. S., ,, James Houlahan, D, tr fr 16th Me, ,, Eugene Hinkley, E, tr fr 1st S. S.,trtoI, ,, George T. Davis, D, tr fr 16tb Me, Turner George R. Grover, G, tr fr 16 Me, Lewiston Francis H. Reed, G, Minot Joseph Macomber, H, died in rebel pri., Durham Alonzo G. Turner, H, „ Military Affairs. 139 John Sullivan, H, Minot Otis Thompson, H, Poland Jolin Whittinghaui, H, Lewiston Micliael Mot4ooty, I, Auburn John Newbury, I, Lewiston Samuel B. Libby, K, Durham Enoch F. Newell, K, Sgt., Durham Enoch M. Billington, K, tr £r 10 Me, Auburn Timothy Cahan, K, tr fr KJ Me, Lewiston William Day, K, Auburn Lawrence Doyle, K, Lewiston William T. Rowe, K, tr fr 1(1 Me, Twenty-First Infantry Bcyiment .—T\\\& was a nine-months' regiment, organ- ized at Augusta in September, and mustered October 14, 1862. Elijah D. Johnson, of Lewiston, was colonel ; Nathan Stanley, of Vassalboro, lieutenant- colonel ; Benjamin G. Merry, of Bath, major. It joined General Banks at New York, where he was organizing his expedition for opening the Mississippi, and on arrival in Louisiana was stationed at Baton Rouge, where miasma soon caused great suffering from disease. It did good service in the various attacks on Port Hudson, was one of the first regiments to approach the works, fought against superior numbers with the courage of veterans, and in the terrible encounters of May 27 and June 14, LS63, did well its part, although suffering great loss. Its term of service expired during the siege, but the men volunteered to serve until the capture of the city, which was accomplished July 9, 1863. They received compliments from General Banks for the efficient service they had rendered. July 25 the regiment started for Maine, where it was mustered out August 25, 1863, after nearly a year's service, during which it traveled over 4,000 miles. Twenty-Sfcond Infantry Regiment. — Another nine-months' regiment mus- tered into United States service at Bangor, October 18, 1862. Simon G. Jerrard, of Levant, was commissioned colonel; Olonzo G. Putnam, of Dover, lieutenant-colonel. Its service was principally on the lower Mississippi. It was the first regiment to occupy Baton Kouge, drove the enemy at Franklin, La, did constant duty during the siege of Port Hudson, and was quartered inside the works after the surrender. It was mustered out at Bangor, August 14, 1863, its term of enlistment having expired. Androscoggin county was represented in Company E by Edward W. Weymouth of Webster. Tiventy-Third Infantry Regiment. — This organization was made up almost entirely by men of Androscoggin and Oxford counties, and was mustered into United States service at Portland, September 29, 1862, to serve nine months. "It is believed that in moral and intellectual qualities the men of this regiment have not been exceeded by any sent from the state. A large number of our most intelligent citizens, graduates of seminaries and colleges, men of culture and wealth, were found in its ranks, and the number of men of foreign birth would scarcely exceed a dozen in the entire regiment."^ The commissioned regimental officers were : William Wirt Virgin, of Norway, colonel ; Enos T. Luce, of Auburn, lieutenant-colonel: Alfred B. Soule, of Lewiston, major; Winthrop H. Hall, of Palmyra, adjutant ; William Bray, of Turner, quarter- 1" Maine in the War." 140 History of Androscoggin County. master ; Jesse P. Sweat, of Brownfield, surgeon; Richard R. Ricker, of Minot, assistant surgeon ; Joseph C. Snow, of Norway, chaplain. Companies A, 1), E, G, and I were Androscoggin companies. The Twenty-third passed its ten months of service at various points along the Potomac, and acquired a high reputation for efficiency in drill and guard duty. During this time it had its share of hard marches, performed much fatigue, guard, and picket duty, but was never under fire. This is no discredit to either officers or men, as they were well-disciplined, doing their duty promptly and well. The citizens of Edwards Ferry, where the regiment was on guard for months, in a letter to the brigade commander said of the Twenty-third : " At no time since the occupation of this section of the state by military forces have we sustained so little detriment to our property by the depreda- tions of soldiers; no regiment has done so much towards diminishing the inconveniences inseparable from a state of war and effacing the distinction between years of former peace and the current turbulent times. Intelligence, urbanity, and all the soldierly qualities in our opinion characterize the officers and men of this regiment in an eminent degree ; and in declaring our unanimous and grateful recognition of their qualities we perform not only a pleasant, but what seems to us an imperative duty." June 27, 1863, the regiment was ordered to Portland, where it was mustered out July 15, having lost fifty men by disease and accident. Enos T. Luce, Lt-Col, Richard R. Ricker, Asst-Surg., Robert M. Sykes, F. M., William Bray, Q. M., Alfred B. Soule, Major, Dudley B. Varuey, Capt., A, Kirke W. Moses, Lieut, A, Henry A. Norcross, Lieut, A, pro Adjt, Sumner Nason, Sgt, A, pro Lieut, Wm Bagnall, Sgt, A, Ethelbert C. Caswell, Sgt, A, Wm F. Forbes, Sgt, A, Ed. M. Dearborn, Sgt, A, Alvali J. Hervoy, Corp., A, Israel B. Merrill, Corp., A, Lloyd (}. Arnold, Corp., A, Abel D. Cook, Corp., A, Frank M. Follansbee, Corp., A, Nathaniel Davis, Corp., A, Uriah Reed, Corp., A, Thomas F. Doyle, Corp., A, Wm Wing, Mus., A, John Neal, Mus., A, Jas. R. Fairbrother, Wag., A, Albert A. Barker, A, George B. Bearce, A, ROSTER. Auburn Joseph F. Berry, A, Lewi Minot Richard Black, A, Auburn Charles E. Blackwell, A, Turner jcwiston Charles M. Bradbury, A, William F. Brann, A, William C. Bridge, A, Freeman Burleigh, A, Philip Cantlon, A, John H. L. Chick, A, John Clear, A, Frank A. Conant, A, Aaron T. Corliss, A, James M. Crockett, A, Benjamin P. Cummings, A, Roscoe G. Day, A, Charles P. Dean, A, Peter J. Dresser, A, Henry N. Eastman, A, Joshua B. Emery, A, Barton A. Fields, A, died Nov. 29, 62, „ Robert A. Fields, A, John B. Fowler, A, Francis M. Gammage, A, Caleb S. Gilbert, A, Joseph R. Gilbert, A, G. W. Goodbehere, A, Military Affairs. 141 Simon P. Gray, A, Lewiston Amos Hadley, A, ,, Freeman C. Hall, A, ,, John L. Ham, A, ,, Edwin Haskell, A, ,, Cyrus Hayford, A, ,, Joseph D. Harville, A, ,, William N. Higgins, A, „ Henry H. Hinckley, A, ,, Walter S. Hodges, A, ,, Charles K. Hooker, A, ,, Allen Hogarth, A, ,, Charles E. Huston, A, ,, John M. Jackson, A, pro Lieut 'o2 Mc, ,, Peter Jerris, A, ,, James B. Ladd, A, ,, Elbridge T. Landers, A, „ Moses Lee, A, ,, Joseph M. Litchfield, A, ,, Samuel A. Lord, A, ,, William H. Love, A, ,, Roscoe F. Ludwig, A, ,, William H. Mace, A, „ Dennis Mara, A, ,, William McDonald, A, ,, Cleveland B. Merrill, A, ,, Fred Miller, A, ,, Jonas A. Mitchell, A, ,, Patrick Munster, A, ,, John Murphy, A, ,, Elbridge G. Oaks, A, „ John Oliver, A, ,, Silas Perham, A, ,, John Pinkham, A, „ Dennis Roberts, A, „ John Rogers, A, ,, Hiram B. Rose, A, ,, Patrick Rowan, A, ,, John Sheehan, A, ,, Nath E. Skelton, A, Phineas W. Skinner, A, ,, Aretas Small, A, ,, John B. Stickney, A, ,, Jeremiah A. Sullivan, A, ,, Everett Temple, A, ,, Ivory Temple, A, ,, Elbridge G. Thomas, A, Earl S. Ware, A, Amos Whitney, A, ,, Chester Whitney, A, ,, John S. Winslow, A, ,, Henry E. Wood, A, John C. Wright. A, Charles E. Bradford, Capt., D, Turner Horace C. Haskell, Lieut, D, promoted Capt., March 1, 63, ,, Chandler B. Bailey, 1st Serg., D, ,, Job P. Leavitt, Serg., D, pro Lieut, ,, James Clark, Corp., D, ,, John E. Ashe, Corp., D, pro Serg., Turner Benj. F. Hodsdon, Corp., D, ,, Thaddeus Leavitt, Corp., D, ,, Lewis P. Bradford, Corp., D, ,, Thomas AV. Davis, Corp., D, d Jan. 14, (i3, ,, William Smith, Musician, D, ,, Jason L. Allen, D, ,, Benjamin F. Beals, D, ,, John O. Bean, D, ,, Mellen A. Bearce, D, ,, Asa L. Berry, D, ,, Charles Blake, D, „ Leonard P. Bradford, D, ,, Philip Bray, D, pro Com. Serg., ,, Benjamin L. Briggs, D, trans 25 rgt., ,, Morrill E. Briggs, D, trans 25 rgt., ,, Samuel S. Butler, D, „ James A. Cary, D, ,, Luther K. Carey, D, „ Thomas T. Cary, D, „ Howard Conant, D, „ Sanford Conant, D, „ Benjamin Cox, D, ,, Jason Cutler, D, ,, William H. Delano, D, Elbridge G. Francis, D, „ Edwin S. French, D, ,, Edwin E. Fuller, D, Hartwell S. French, D, Lewis D. Hayford, D, „ Cyrus W. Hersey, D, ,, George F. Holmes, D, „ Ronello B. Keene, D, „ Lorenzo S. Leavitt, D, ,, James McCorrison, D, ,, Calvin McKenney, D, ,, Marcellus S. Merrill, D, ,, Shirley Merrill, I), ,, Winslow Merrill, D, ,, Samuel T. Perry, D, „ Isaac Phillips, D, ,, Edson Reckards, D, „ George G. Richardson, D, ,, Ira A. ShurtlelT, D, „ Edgar E. Swett, D, ,, George C. Wheaton, D, ,, James A. Whiting, D, „ Jolin B. Woodman, D, ,, Hiram Moore, Lieut., D, Minot Frank H. Hall, Corp., D, John A. Barrows, D (Auburn) killed, ,, Azor Bicknell, D, ,, Horace C. Briggs, D, ,, Justus H Briggs, D (Auburn), „ James Cox, D, ,, Albion A. Crooker, D, ,, Wellington D. Curtis, D, „ Charles R. Davis, D, ,, James L. Dingley, D, „ 142 History of Androscoggin County. Albert Downes, D, Minot Joseph Freeman, D, ,, Charles H. Martin, D, „ Judson B. Swett, D, „ Daniel H. Woodward, D, ,, Almon C Pray, Capt., E, Auburn Freedom H. Lander, 1st Lieut, E, ,, James White, E, Serg., pro Lieut, T, ,, Joseph Littlefield, Serg., E, pro 1st Serg., ,, Alex Stinson, Serg., E, ,, George W. Bailey, Corp., E, ,, Aug H. Haskell, Corp., E, „ Joseph Gould, Corp., E, ,, George W. Noyes, Corp., E, ,, J. B. K. Drake, Mus., E, „ Frank H. Keed, Mus., E, „ Horace C. Thayer, Wag., E, ,, P^ancis Allen, E, ,, Henry H. Bailey, E, „ George S. Boutelle, E, died in service, ,, Aug E. Briggs, E, „ Jeff L. Briggs, E, A. H. Chamberlain, E, ,, Harrison A. Coffin, E, ,, Charles H. Curtis, E, ,, David S. Curtis, E, ,, James Dingley, Jr, E, ,, John T. Dennison, E, ,, Calvin F. Durrell, E, Elias E. Elliott, E, trans to 25 Me, Jona L. Flagg, E, ,, Oscar F. Gammon, E, ,, Geo. B. Glover, E, Aug D. Gurney, E, ,, Isaac Haskell, E, ,, Simeon H. Haskell, E, ,, Stephen VV. Hersey, E, ,, Wm W. Holmes, E, Stafford B. Jones, E, ,, Charles M. Keith, E, „ Nath H. Lander, E, George W. Lane, E, ,, Arthur G. Larrabee, E, ,, Joshua Littlefield, Jr, E, ,, Frank O. Lovejoy, E, ,, John McDonald, E, ,, Clark Mitchell, E, Thos. P. Mitchell, E, James W. Morgan, E, died May 21, 1862, ,, George F. Merrow, E, ,, George F. Newell, E, ,, George W. Nickerson, Serg., E, ,, Charles S. Ricker, E, ,, Ilufus E. Rounds, E, ,, Charles F. Sawyer, E, ,, Edward H. Sawyer, E, ,, Jo-seph M. Small, E, died Dec. 28, 1862, „ Leonard O. Smith, E, ,, Abel C. T. Stevens, E, „ William S. Stevens, E, Auburn Robert M. Sykes, E, „ Royal F. Starbird, E, „ Richard H. Swett, E, „ Wm K. Vickery, E, „ Augustus White, E, ,, Charles W. Gerrish, Lieut, E, Lisbon Wm H. H. Atwood, E, „ Ozias B. Cotton, E, „ Samuel G. Dingley, E, ,, Edsel A. Douglas, E, „ Benj. R. Durgin, E, ,, Chas. W. Felch, E, . „ Wm. C. Green, E, ,, Hiram B. Higgins, E, ,, Lorenzo Hinckley, E, „ Abel G. Jackson, E, „ Abner Jordan, E, ,, Robt. E. Mitchell, E, ,, Caleb C. Smith, E, John A. Smith, E, John Wallace, E, „ Alfred Wescott, E, Josiah T. Jordan, Serg., E, Webster ^Matthew S. Jordan, Serg., E, Robert H. Niles, Corp., E, Winfield B. Cutter, Corp., E, Benjamin D. Bryent, Corp., E, Charles Mann, Corp., E, William F. Alexander, E, Nath Courson, E, Edward J. Cutter, E, Benjamin P. Jordan, E, Darius Jordan, E, Harris W. Jordan, E, John Leigh, E, Llewellyn S. Libby, E, George A. Moody, E, Franklin T. Robinson, E, Horatio G. Small, Corp., E, Evander Tarbox, E, Alonzo Tarr, E, James Thompson, E, Lincoln E. Woodbury, E, Alonzo P. Lamb, Capt., G, Poland Joseph H. Freeman, Lieut, G, ,, Lucius D. Fisher, Serg., G, ,, Solomon D. Cushmau, Corp., G, ,, Lucius Davis, Corp., G, ., Charles S. Libby, Corp., G, ,, Sidney A. Griffin, Corp., G, „ Greenlief Emery, Corp., G, ,, Alviu F. Foss, Corp., G, ,, Silas A. Megquier, Corp., G, ,, Eugene L. Dennen, Mus., G, ,, William H. Allen, G, died Dec. 10, 62, Clarenton W. Benson, Corp., G, ,, Eben Bowen, G, died Jan. 28, 63, Joseph R. Bragdon, G, died Jfii;. 23, 63, ,, Military Affairs. Stephen Bray, G, Ezra D. Chandler, G Samnel F. Chaplin, G, trans U. S N Levi E. Cole, G, ' Osgood Cole, G, Almon Crooker, G, Benjamin Davis, G, Moses B. Davis, G, ' Timothy T. Downing, G, Samuel H. Dudley, G, Bertrand F. Dunn, G,' Alfred Dustin, G, ' James W. Field, G, William G. Gerry, G, Noah H. Goodwin', G, Francis A. Hannaford, G, Bloomville Herrick, G, Mark A. Herrick, G, Aug M. Jackson, G, Charles W. Jordan,' G, Andrew Kilgore, G, Elvin W. Locke, G,' Lemuel F. ^[arshall, G, Joseph W. Mills, G, William W. Pratt, G, Joseph Reed, G, Willard Stone, 6, Charles H. Tripp,' G, Joseph P. Tripp, G ' Thomas J. True, Jr', G, drown Jan. 20 63 Jeremiah Verrill, G "'"■ ■^'J,bd, Plnneas Walker, G,'died Jan. 14, 63 George L. Whitman, G, Edwin Woodsum, G, David Woodsum, G ' Cbarles Thurston, 1st Lieut, G nn •„ Joseph Rounds, Serg., G, i>anv,lle Joseph Goss, Serg.,G', Horatio Benson, G, Cyrus Cobb, G, Judson Dawes, G, Orrin Emerson, G, Brackett M. Field, G, Charles L. Field, G EdwardK.Fit.,G,'diedDec.8,62. Charles M. Goss, G, Aaron Knights, G,' Dominicus Libby, G, Gershom C. Libby, G, Lewis McKinney, G, ' Warren B. McKenney, G Seward Penley, G, Stephen M. Pullen, G, William D. Pulcifer, G, Calvin B. Rice, G, Elbridge G. Robinson, G Erancis R. Rounds, G, William W. Royal, G,' WilUam L. Shackley, G Liven James L. Shackley, G, Andrew M. Smith, G, ' George ^Vagg, G, Ezekiel D. Witham, G Thatcher W. Parker, I'st Serg a Josiah H. Mower, Serg G Lowell M. Mower, Corp' G Jarvis T. Beal, G, ' ' Moses C;. Beal, G,' William Beal, G,' Charles A. Bradbury G Converse R. Daggett, G,' Alvah N. Dexter, G, William Donnell, g', Chris C. Gorman, G,' James M. Lowell, g', Charles H. Morse G Darius Pease, G, died Dec. 11, 1862, Lllery Perea, G, Charles H. Pratt, G, Henry A. Smith, G,' Edwin W. Taylor, G, James S. Nash, Capt' I Amos Leavitt,Corp.,'l, pro Serg., Johns ders. Corp., I. pro SeW., JMiiton Leavitt, Corp. I Samuel D. Merrill, Corp I Cyrus M. Barrows, Mus 'l' John M. Bumpus, I ' ' Willard Carver, I, John Casey, I, Jacob G. Edge'combe, I, Lee Edgecombe, I, Elbridge P. Gibbs,' I, Charles H. Harrington I Lorenzo B. Harrington, l' Fred A. Haskell, I, Isaac Hewett, I, Emerson W. Hill, I Drewrie Howard,!,' Henry R. Merrill, I, Roscoe Merrill, I, Samuel D. Merrill, I, Joseph R. Oldham', I, Samuel H. Peterson, 'l, George W. Bobbins, I,' Davis T. Timberlake I Henry C. Wentworth, Lieut I Ea.f r • " William W. Noyes,ls;Ser" I ^^^^^more pro Capt., * ' ' James L. Morse, Corp., I Caleb W. Brown, I, Sylvester D. Brown', I, Charles L. Burgess, I, ' John W. Dow, I, Enoch L. Farrington, Corp., I S. Farrington, I, Charles D. Fuller, I, died A. P. Fuller, I, ' 143 Danville Greene ore 144 History of Androscoggin County. Charles H. Kimball, I, died Jan. 17, 1863, East Livermore Charles R. Mitchell, I, died Dec. 20, 1862, Tisdale D. Norris, I, ,, ,, Nathan J. Sanford, I, ,, ,, Orville K. Trask, I, died Mar. 18, 1863, ,, ,, Charles H. Leadbetter, Serjj., I, Leeds Oscar D. Turner, Serg., I, >. Albert Barker, Serg., I, ,, Loring P. Gould, Corp., I, ,, Sewell Woodman, Corp., I, ,, Jason Carver, Wag., I, ,> George T. Bishop, Corp., I, ,, Seth F. Burnham, I, died Mar. 8, 63, ,, James H. Burnham, I, ,, Milton W. Burnham, I, ,, Russell L. Gould, I, ,, Daniel W. Hinkley, I, Charles T. Knights, I, ,, Lorenzo Leadbetter, I, ,, Frank J. Lindsey, I, Leeds Thomas J. Lindsey, Corp., I, ,, Rufus K. Perea, I, ,, Ireson B. Pettingill, I, died Mar. 21,6.3, ,, Elisha P. Ramsdell, I, died Jan. 10, 63, ,, John R. Smith, I, ,, Joshua H. Sumner, I, ,, James D. Towle, I, >> John E. Woodman, I, , J Thomas T. Jenkins, Corp., I, Wales Albert L. Additon, I, ,, Llewellyn O. Foster, I, ,, Charles H. McITarland, I, ,, Philip H. Tarr, I, ,, Arthur Given, Jr, Serg., G, ,, Royal E. Whitman, Capt., G, pro from Serg.-Maj., Turner James White, 2d Lieut, I, tr from E, Auburn Moses F. Hackett, Serg., K, Danville Arthur M. Parker, Serg., H, ,, Philip Bray, Cora. Serg., D, Turner Albert I. Additon, I, Greene Twenty-Fourth Infantri/ Bef/iment. — This regiment was organized at Augusta October 16, 1862, to serve nine months, and was mustered out August 25, 1863. George M. Atwood, of Gardiner, was colonel. Lieutenant-Colonel Charles T. Bean was discharged on the day of muster-in, and July 1, 1863, Major Eben Hutchinson was appointed in his stead. Captain William Hol- brook of Company H was commissioned major, July 23, 1863. This regiment formed part of Banks's expedition on the lower Mississippi, and was engaged in the various duties contingent upon an army of occupation. May 21 the regiment was ordered to Port Hudson, where it remained during the long siege, and was often called upon to build roads and bridges during the approach of the forces to the stronghold of the enemy, and was often engaged in action. Nearly every night during the investment the men were working on earth- works and rifle-pits. The regiment participated in the desperate assaults of May 27 and June 14. It lost heavily from disease, 184 dying, and about 100 being discharged for disability. Out of 900 men of the original organization only 570 returned, yet none were killed in battle or died of wounds. Andros- coggin county was represented in this regiment by George R. Foster, fife-major, of Lisbon, and Albert Harlow, Company D. Twenty-Fifth Infmitry Regiment. — This regiment, mustered into United States service at Portland, September 29, 1862, was the first nine-months' regiment to leave the state. Its colonel was Francis Fessenden, a captain in the United States Army ; Charles E. Shaw was lieutenant-colonel, and Alex- ander l\r. Tolman, major, all of Portland. Josiah Carr, of Minot, was surgeon. Leaving Portland, October 16, for Washington, it there joined the forces for the defense of that city, and did much fatigue and picket duty. It built on Military Affairs. 145 Arlington Heights a camp of convenient log houses with board roofs, the most elaborate and durable camp ever constructed in the department. .June 21, 1863, the First brigade, composed of the Tvvent3^-fifth and Twenty-seventh Maine, was ordered to report to (leneral Slocum, commanding the Twelfth Corps at Leesburg, but as their time of service had nearly passed, they were sent to Maine for muster-out, and arrived at Portland, July 3, 1863, where the Twenty-fifth was discharged on July 10. The Twenty-fifth participated in no engagement, but performed its responsible and arduous duties with faithfulness and zeal. ROSTER. Josiah Carr, surgeon, B. L. Briggs, band, M. E. Briggs, band, George VV. Spear, A, Arthur L. Coombs, Wag., B, Henry Beal, B, William D. Brewster, B, Julius E. Eveleth, Corp., B, Horace P. Merrill, B, Sumner N. Strout, Serg., T), pro Lieut, William W. Bailey, Corp., Nathaniel D. Chase, Corp., D, Isaac M. Bishop, Jr, D, Silas Campbell, D, Minot John H. Davis, D, Turner Nelson Gatchell, D, died Dec. John Q. Jordan, D, 15, 1862 Danville William Mcintosh, D, Durham >> Webster Nevens, D, Albert Owen, D, Alfred Roberts, D, Edmund H. Soper, D, Benjamin F. Stevens, D, Francis Venus, D, Orrin S. Vickery, Corp., D, Joseph O. Wilson, D, Frank Crockett, Serg., D, ,, Sylvester F. Jordan, 1st Serg. ,G, Durham Lisbon Twenty-Sixth lufantrii Reniment. — Knox, Hancock, and Waldo counties furnished the men for the Twenty-sixth, organized at Bangor, October 11, 1862, to serve nine months. Nathaniel H. Hubbard, of Winterport, was colonel; Philo Hersey, of Belfast, lieutenant-colonel; and James N. Fowler, of Sears- port, major. After a brief sojourn in the Army of the Potomac, the regiment joined the forces of General Banks, and embarked for the lower Mississippi, where it did as much active service as any regiment in the Department of the Gulf during its connection therewith. At the battle of Irish Bend it lost in killed and wounded 68 out of 300 engaged. In this action the men displayed a courage creditable to veterans, and established a reputation for steadiness under fire, which it well sustained at Port Hudson, where it did duty in the trenches and on picket. On June 14 it took part in the unsuccessful assault against the Confederate works. Here the soldiers covered themselves with honor. Finding it impossible to enter the enemy's fortifications they advanced within twenty feet of them and sheltered themselves under the steep bluff on which they were built. Later they were on guard over a battery within musket shot of the Confederates until the surrender July 8, 1863. Soon leaving for home the regiment was mustered out at Bangor, July 17, having served almost a year. Twenti/'iSeventh Infantry Reyiment. — This companion regiment of the Twenty-fifth was recruited in York county, and mustered into United States 146 History of Androscoggin County. service at Portland, September 30, 1862. Rufus P. Tapley, of Saco, was colonel ; Mark F. Wentworth, of Kittery, lieutenant-colonel ; James M. Stone, of Kennebunk, major. Arriving at Washington, October 22, it went into camp at Arlington Heights, where it was brigaded with the Tv/enty-fifth, with whose fortunes it was united ever after. This regiment was composed of the stalwart yeomanry of the state, with a liberal sprinkling of skilled mechanics and professional men, and would have done the severest duty from a sense of patriotic principle as well as that which fell to its lot. When their time had expired and interests at home were pressing for their immediate presence, the momentous action of Gettysburg was impending, all available men were demanded at the front, and an unprotected capital was at the mercy of any enemy ; so the men were asked by the President and Secretary of War to remain for the defense of Washington until the battle was fought, and 315 acceded to the request and remained until the joyful tidings of victory came from the embattled Union host at Gettysburg. July 17, 1863, the regiment was mustered out with Colonel Mark H. Wentworth, Lieutenant-Colonel James M. Stone, and Major John D. Hill, field officers. George O. Dockman, of Poland, was in Company B, Oren B. Webber and Alfred C. Webber, of Lisbon, in Company F. Ttoenty-Eighth Infantry Bef/iment. — This was organized at Augusta, Octo- ber 18, 1862, for nine months' service. After remaining on the Atlantic coast for a few months, it joined the Department of the Gulf and was, soon after its arrival at New Orleans, stationed at Pensacola, Florida. After the evacuation of that city, it returned to New Orleans and was ordered for duty to Donaldsonville, Bayou La Fourche, and Plaquemine. May 27 six companies were ordered to Port Hudson, the others remaining at New Orleans and at Fort Butler at Donaldsonville. The Port Hudson detachment was employed day and night for two weeks in building batteries and on picket duty. It took part in the advance, June 14, but suffered no loss. June 22 it made an unsupported and unsuccessful assault on the works with some loss. June 28 the detachment under Major Bullen guarding and garrisoning Fort Butler was attacked by a greatly superior force, which it bravely repulsed, inflicting great loss. July 4 the Port Hudson contingent was ordered to Fort Butler, arriving there the next day. July 10 the Twenty-eighth went to Baton Rouge, from there, August 6, to Augusta, where it was mustered out August 31, 1863. The field officers were: Ephraim W. Woodman, of Wilton, colonel ; William E. Hadlock, of Cranberry Isles, lieutenant-colonel ; Joseph D. Bullen, of New Sharon, major. ]\[ajor Bullen was murdered by a member of the Second Louisiana Regiment, July 5, the day after his gallant defense of Fort Butler. ■ Tivcnty-Ninth Lifatitry Reyiment. — This was a veteran regiment, and much of its material came from Androscoggin county. In fact, the First, Tenth, and Military Affairs. 147 Twenty-ninth regiments could with much justice be styled one regiment. Many of the men saw service in all three regiments, and the same familiar faces were seen among the officers. Among the regimental officers were: George L. Beal, colonel, also of the Tenth; Charles S. Emerson, of Auburn, lieutenant-colonel; William Ivnowlton, of Lewiston, major ; Henry C. Cotton, of Lisbon, assistant surgeon. Companies F, H, I, and K were principally officered by Androscoggin men. Eight companies were organized at Augusta, from November lo, 1863, to January 30, 18> Charles H. Welch, Corp., I, „ Frank H. Read, Mus., I, „ Augustus E. Briggs, I, » A. A. Chamberlain, I, >> Washington Martin, I, „ Charles T. Davis, I, Auburn John T. Dennison, I, ., Enoch L. Hall, I, Augustus Noyes, I, „ Jona E. Piper, I, died Aug. 4, 04, ,, Billings J. Hood, I, Elbridge G. Snow, I, ,, Martin L. Verrill, I, ,, George White, I, ,, Murray B. Watson, I, pro Lieut Militia, ,, Isaac D. Yeaton, I, d Aug. 14, ()4, ,, John L. Hoyt, Lieut, I, kd Oct. 19, 64, H. L. Wadsworth, Corp., I, „ John Noonan, I, ,, L. F. Paine, I, d May 8, 64, ,, George S. Dickenson, I, ,, A. J. Walton, I, killed, „ Allen Howarth, Serg., I, Leonard O. Smith, Serg., I, Harrison W. Smith, Serg., I, Hugh Lyon, Serg., I, James Donovan, Corp., I, Daniel Donovan, Corp., I, George B. Morrill, I, Charles A. Deshon, F, John A. Phelps, 1, died Apr. 27, 04, Aratus Small, I, Levi H. Webber, I, Allen C. Snow, I, Charles N. Ware, I, Michael Sweeney, I, Arza B. Webber, I, Josiah H. Mower, Serg., I, Henry Sanborn, Wag., I, Aaron Mower, I (Lisbon), Albion P. Mower, I, William Donnell, I, Gardner Smith. I, Edsell A. Douglass, Corp., I, Ezra Purinton, I, George P. Moody, I, Levi Robinson, I, Jas. P. Sutherland, Corp,, I, d in service, Gideon Hammond, I, died in service, East Livermore Lewiston Auburn Greene Lisbon Elias K. Webber, K, Henry McFarland, I, Eli Owen, I, James H. Thurston, I, Joshua M. Wagg, I, Lisbon Wales Lewiston Danville Durham Henry A. Wyman, I, d May 12, 64, Livermore George H. Nye, Capt., K, Lewiston Albert E. Kingsley, Capt., K, ,, William Bagnall, Lt, K, d July 10, 64, Charles H. Jumper, 1st Serg., K, ,, Jno. A. Willard, 1st Serg., K, ,, Samuel H. Jumper, 1st Serg., K, ,, James E. Osgood, Serg., K, ,, Thomas A. Thorn, Serg., K, „ Henry A. Smith, Serg., K, „ Jarvis T. Beal, Serg., K, ,, Aaron T. Corliss, Serg., K, ,, John Q. A. Jumper, Serg., K, ,, George W. Bickford, Corp., K, ,, John K. Morrill, Corp., K, pro Serg., ,, James H. Walker, Corp., K, „ John Clear, Corp., K, ,, Alph. B. Holland, Corp., K, „ Albert E. Hanson, Corp., K, ,, Chester H. Thing, Corp., K, Melvin Woodcock, Wag., K, ,, John G. Annas, K, ,, John S. B. Arris, K, „ Gilbert H. Bailey, K, band, ,, James Baloff, K, ,, James B. Blackstone, K, „ S. C. Blackstone, K, „ Houghton Bond, K, ,, William Bray, K, „ Richard Butler, K, ,, Thomas Kelley, K, ,, Em. E. Larrabee, K, „ James E. Magner, K, ,, Elias Maloon, K, ,, Frederick Miller, K, ,, John E. McDonald, K, „ Plummer R. Nevens, K, ,, Frederick Palmer, K, „ Patrick Collins, K, ,, . Thomas A. Emmons, K, „ Joseph Flood, K, died July 21, 64, Harry Freeman, K, ,, Willis Goodridge, K, died June 18, 64, William T. Graffam, K, ,, Charles A. Hanson, K, ,, Isaac W. Hodsdon, K, „ Arthur T. Jacobs, K, ,, Leonard Jepson, K, ,, Albert W. Potter, K, „ Andrew J. Russell, K, „ George N. Spates, K, ,, Cassius R. Stevens, K, „ Lorenzo Parker, K, „ Leroy Tarr, K, i „ Military Affairs. 151 John E. Cutter, Serg. K, Webster Robert A. Woodbury, K, ,, Solomon Dyer, K, Danville Samuel N. Royal, K, Wales Charles N. Warren, K , Minot George A. Knox, Greene Sylvanus A. Stevens, Auburn Jonathan L. Stevens, ,, Joseph A. Starbird, Lisbon Fred A. Tiffany, K, died July 29, 64, Lewiston Otis Webber, K, George M. Williams, K, „ John C. Wright, K, ,, Hartwell S. French, Lieut, K, Turner Albert N. Jones, K, ,, Benjamin A. Eaton, Serg., K, Greene V. P. Dillingham, Corp., K, ,, Alpheus G. Stewart, K, died May 1. 64, ,, Thirtieth Infantry Regiment. — This was organized at Augusta from December 12, 1863, to January 8, 1864, for three years' service. Francis Fessenden, of Portland, was colonel ; Thomas H. Hubbard, of Ilallowell, lieutenant-colonel; Royal E. Whitman, of Turner, major; Josiah C'arr, of Minot, surgeon ; and Simeon C. Higgins, of Turner, chaplain. Companies A, E, G, and K brought a large contingent from Androscoggin county. It went direct to the Army of the Galf, leaving I'ortland, February 7, and after a month's rest in camp at Franklin, J^a, entered upon the Red River campaign. It had much effective and veteran material in its composition, and within a month from this time it did honorable work in the battles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill. April 23, the Thirtieth took a prominent part in the engagement at Cane River Crossing, driving the Confederates from a position considered impregnable.' From May 22 to July 2, the regiment was in camp at Morganzia Bend, and soon thereafter was sent to Virginia, and not long after arrival joined the Army of the Shenandoah at Harper's Ferry. In September the brigade was detached from its division for arduous and responsible duties, and thus the Thirtieth was debarred from sharing in the victories of September and October, although without its service of moving and guarding valuable supply trains, the victories could not have been won. January 8, 1865, the regiment was joined at its camp in Winchester by three companies of re-enlisted men and recruits of the Thirteenth Maine, assigned to this regiment by special order issued November 18, 1864. The consolidation was completed in January under the immediate orders of General Sheridan, the Thirtieth forming seven companies and retaining the field and staff officers. The men of the Thirteenth were organized into a battalion of three companies, commanded by officers of their own regiment, and became Companies B, H, and K in the Thirtieth. This regiment formed part of tlie line of sentinels around Washington during the search for the assassins of President Lincoln, and did guard duty at Washington Arsenal while the trial of the conspirators was conducted there. May 22 it took part in the grand review of the Army of the Potomac, and later was on duty at Savannah, Ga, until mustered out August 20, 1865. May 12, 1864, Colonel Fessenden was promoted to brigadier-general. His successor. Colonel Hubbard, resigned July 23, 1865, and in August the field 1 At this battle Colonel Fessenden lost a leg. 152 History of Androscoggin County. officers were commissioned thus: Royal E. Whitman, colonel; George W. Randall, lieutenant-colonel; Horace C. Haskell, major. roster. Royal E. Whitman, Major, pro Lieut-Col and Col, Turner Josiah Carr, Surgeon, Minot Simon C. Higgins, Chaplain, Turner Charles B. Rounds, Q. M. S., Danville Horace C. Haskell, Capt., A, pro Major, Turner Benjamin F. Reals. Serg., A, William H. Washburn, Serg., A, Jacob Keene, Jr, Mus., A, Ronello B. Keene, Mus., A, Phil A. Bradford, A, died Aug. 7, 04, Seth D. Bradford, A, died April 22, 04, Asa L. Berry, A, died July 2, 64, Jason Cutler, A, died July 9, 64, John C. Carver, A, James M. Fish, A, Oscar L. Johnson, A, killed in action, Albert P. Leavitt, Corp., A, William W. Noyes, Lieut, A, pro Capt., E, East Livermore A. H. S. Garcelon, A, died, ,, ,, Thomas E. Nason, A, ,, ,, Francis E. Dwinel, 1st Lieut, A, Minot Ronello C. Dwinal, Corp., A, ,, George W. Currier, A, Hosp. Steward, ,, Charles B. Davis, A, kd April 23, 64, Darius Holt, A, ,, Charles Martin, A, ,, F. E. Riggs, A, died in service, ,, Edward K. Verrill, A, ,, Elbridge M. Yeaton, A, died in service, ,, Jabez T. Denning, Serg., A, Poland Charles W. Jordan, Srg., A, d July 11, 64, ,, Thomas S. Bridgham, A, ,, John W. Deguis, A, ,, William H. Fuller, A, ,, Albert Griffin, A, Augustus M. Jackson, A, d July 11, 64, ,, Edward F. Ross, A, Richard W^eston, A, ,, Charles L. Field, 1st Serg., A, Danville Orrin Emerson, Corp., A, pro Serg., trans V. It. C, ,, Martin Franklin, Corp., A, ,, Charles Coding, A, ,, Alvin L. Coding, A, Pemliroke Haskell, A, i^ro Corp., ,, Nicholas Leighton, A, Alvah Leighton, A, ,, John J. Marston, A, ,, Luther H. Morgan, A, trans V. R. C, ,, Charles B. Rounds, A, ,, Amos O. Witliam, A, died in service, ,, Francis S. Brown, A, Livermore Cyrus M. Barrows, Serg., A, ,, George W. Bobbins, Corp., A, ,, William H. H. Goding, Corp., A, Charles H. Harrington, Corp., A, died July 24, ()4, Elisha C. Fuller, Serg., A, William A. Hyde, Wagoner, A, ,, Francis S. Brown, A, ,, Isaac D. Fuller, A, ,, Corydon L. Hyde, A, died Aug. 7,64, ,, Joseph E. Hyde, A, died Aug. 26, 64, „ Charles W. Keith, A, Roscoe F. Merrill, A, died in service, ,, William S. Moore, Corp., A, ,, Alden L. Norton, A, ,, George F. Rollins, A, ,, Frank Roberts, A, died in captivity, ,, Llewellyn C Vining, A, d in service, ,, Amsbra Bubier, A, Lewiston Allen C. Ford, A, died in service, Danville Franklin Hackett, A, ,, John M. Stockwell, Corp., A, Lewiston Joseph M. Curtis, A, kd April 9, 64, Leeds Thomas G. Pratt, A, Greene Alfred Richardson, G, ,, Stillman Bond, C, trans to G, ,, William H. Starbird, G, Charles H. Lowell, Corp., C, tr to G, ,, Joseph P. Tripp, C, Poland Geo. F. Newell, Corp., D, k in action. Auburn Sumner N. Strout, Lieut, E, killed, Durham Nath. D. Chase, Serg.. E, ,, Preston R. Strout, Corp., E, ,, Albert Owen, Serg., E, „ Albert Crockett, E, „ Ezekiel S. Brown, E, ,, John Merrill, E, died in service, ,, George L. Macomber, E, ,, Samuel Newell, E, trans to V. R. C, ,, Cyrus A. Roak, E, " Willard J. Fi.sh, E, Leeds Kirke W. Moses, Capt., G, Lewiston Jos. W. Harville, Serg., G, pro Lieut, " William F. Forbes, Serg., G, Elbridge G. Thomas, 1st Serg., G, George W. Goodbehere, Serg., G, pro Serg. -Major, ,, Nathan D. Colder, Corp., G, James R. Braley, Corp., G, ,, Jacob E. Brown, G, died in service, ,, Moses A. Dunton, G, ,, John Holland, Jr, G, d in rebel prison, ,, Military Affairs. 153 John B. Lucas, G, died in service, Charles H. Ward, G, Justin K. Richardson, Lieut, G, Bracket.t M. Field, Corp., G, Asa Garcelon, G, Moses A. Briggs, G, George H. Cooledge, G, John Casey, G, trans to A. Phil H. Fernald, G, died in service, Charles H. Colby, G, Albert Urinkwater, G, John C. Jordan, G, Franklin F. Robinson, Corp., G, Almon Fogg, G, died in service, Charles B. Beal, G, William E. Longley, G, Orrin Furbush, G, Llew^ellyn O. Foster, G, John H. Hanscomb, G, Hiram Jewell, G, Albert F. Gilmore, G, William O. Parlin, G, Wm M. B. Hasey, H, died in service, Hiram Polly, H, Thomas B. Edgecomb, H, trans to A, Francis T. Page, I, trans to V.R. C, Alba C. Hicks, I, John Little, I, Nathan Smith, I, Chandler B. Bailey, Lieut, G, transferred from K, George E. Bartlett, K, trans to E, Ichabod Goodrich, K, trans to G, Cyrus Oliver, K, trans to G, John E. Oliver, K, trans to G, Richard J. Cook, K, killed, E Lewiston Samuel P. Tripp, A, died in captivity, Minot ,, Sylvester D. Brown, A, East Livermore Turner Charles A. Fogg, A, Greene Danville Francis A. Libby, A, Lewiston " Charles S. Ricker, A, Auburn Auburn Edgar D. Swett, A, Turner Livermore Charles 0. Warren, A, trans from H, Lewiston ,, Joseph O. G. Nichols, Serg., B, Auburn ,, Freeman L. Jackson, B, ,, W ebster James M. Ramsdell, B, ji jj Charles L. Connor, Mus., B, Lewiston ,, George H. Clark, Mus., B, ,, ,, John McNulty, B, trans from K, ,, Greene Joshua Harmon, B, Webster ,, Harrison D. Lowell, B, Greene J, Charles Holt, D, Lewiston J, Edwin Smith, E, trans from K, jj Wales Charles Dingman, K, trans from B, jj ,, William H. Garcelon, G, Webster ,, James E. Weymouth, G, Wales Leeds Albert N. Ames, Lieut, K, Wesley Carville, K, Lewiston Lisbon Robert England, K, Augustus O. Fish, K, Luther Litchfield, K, Leeds John P. Murphy, K, Lewiston Charles L. Newton, K, ,, Daniel Severance, K, ,, Jesse F. Swett, K, rred Isaac G. Tarr, K, Turner Patrick Flynn, K, Lewiston Josiah Jones, K, Lisbon ,, George I. Storer, K, Auburn ,, G. F. Hodgdou, East Livermore ,, C. F. Fogg, ,, Livermore R. S. Clark, )> TJurt^-Flrst Infantry Regiment. — This regiment was organized from March 1, 1864, to April 29, 1864, to serve three years. The colonelcy was given to George Varney, who soon declined to serve, and Thomas Hight, of Augusta, a graduate of West Point, was commissioned in his stead. Stephen C Talbot, of Machias, became lieutenant-colonel, and Captain Daniel White, of Company A, advanced to major. Richard R. Ricker, of Minot, was assistant surgeon. Joining the Army of the Potomac on May 6, the regiment lost heavily in the battle of the Wilderness, and on May 12 was in that of Spottsylvania, where its loss was great. For six days thereafter it was under fire. May 21 it marched to the Po river, thence to the North Anna, which it crossed on May 24 under the enemy's fire. Skirmishing for several days, on June 1 was fought the battle of Tolopotomoy, and June 3 ensued the hotly-contested engagements at Bethesda Church, where fifteen were killed and thirty-nine wounded. For its gallantry here it received from General Griffin, command- ing brigade, this compliment: " The Thirty-first Maine has made for itself a 154 History of Androscoggin County. most brilliant record, and won for its officers and men imperishable renown." The regiment was at Cold Harbor the next day, and under fire and in frequent skirmishes until the twelfth, suffering greatly from the shells and sharpshooters of the Confederates. On the seventeenth it took part in the assault and capture of the Confederate works at Petersburg, and remained under fire, losing many men, until the thirtieth, when the regiment was assigned to an important position in the memorable action of that day, and its soldiers were the first to enter the rebel works. Here Colonel White was taken prisoner. From this time until August 18, the Thirty-first was on picket duty within range of the enemy's guns. At the battle of Poplar Spring Church, Sep- tember 30, it did grand service. Later it garrisoned Fort Fisher, where it was joined by the Fourth and Sixth companies of unassigned infantry organized at Augusta in October, 1864, for one year. These became companies L and M of the Thirty-first. In December, 485 soldiers of the 'J'hirty-second were consol- idated with this regiment. April 2 it was engaged in an assault on the enemy's works, and lost heavily. From April 20 until July 15, 1865, when it was mustered out, the Thirty-first was in camp at Alexandria. The Official Army Register says that Colonel Hight was discharged July 2, 1864, and Lieutenant- Colonel Stephen C. Talbot discharged July 6, 1864. Colonel Daniel White was commissioned July 8, 1864; Lieutenant-Colonel Edward L. Getchell com- missioned October 21, 1864, and brevetted colonel April 2, 1865; Major George A. Bolton, commissioned November 23, 1864, and brevetted lieutenant-colonel, April 2, 1865. Captain Ebenezer S. Keyes was brevetted major, April 2, 1865. ROSTER. Rich R. Ricker, Asst Surgeon, Ansel L. Brooks, B, from 32d, Caleb W. Battles, B, from .32d, Wesley C. Herrick, B, Granville R. Herrick, B, from 32il, Rufus W. Herrick, Corp., B, from .32d Ronello S. Herrick, B, from 32d, Charles Seavey, B, from 32d, Benjamin F. Thurston, B, from32d, Caleb Battles, B, from 32d, Charles M. Cobb, C, from ;52d, Alphonso I'ulcifer, C, from 32d, Benj. F. Roberts, Corp., C, from 32d, Robert J. Arris, D, from 32d, .John W. Abbott, D, from 32d, Forrest E. Bisbee, D, from 32d, Lora H. Collins, Serg., D, from32d, Leonard G. Dingley, D, from 32d, John Dyer, D, from 32d, tr to V. R. C, Charles S. Dyer, D, from .ad, Charles H. Goodwin, D, from 32d, John L. Ham, Serg., D, from 32d, Alvah N. Ham, Corp., D, from 32d, John Joyce, D, from 32d, Minot Leeds Poland Livermore Poland Durham Lewiston Timothy Kennedy, D, from .32d, Lewiston Henry C. Litchfield, D, from 32d, „ Henry M. Lord, D, from 32d, ' „ A. K. P. Marston, D, from 32d, Alg. M. Mitchell, D, fr 32d, tr V. R. C, Cleveland B. Merrill, D, from .32d, Lewis F. Mixer, D, from .32d, „ William H. Nevens, D, from 32d, ,, C. N. Pettengill, 1st Serg., D, from ;?2d, ,, Moses W. Tarr, D, from .32d, ,, Hiram K. Thompson, D, from 32d, ,, Charles E. Thompson, D, from 32d, ,, James F. Tarbox, D, from 32d, ,, Daniel Tarbox, Jr, D, from .32d, ,, Josiah H. Witham, D, from 32d, Frank Wright, D, from 32d, ,, Benjamin Witham, D, from 32d, ,, Andrew J. Bryant, D, from 32d, Turner Hiram A. Conant, D, from 32d, ,, Cephas J. Fish, D, from 32d, ,, Albion Hood, Wagoner, D, from 32d, ,, Daniel G. Harlow, D, from 32d, „ Mellen N. Jones, D, from 32d, „ Fred I. Johnson, D, from 32d, „ Military Affairs. 155 Oliver N. Leavitt, D, from o2d, Alvora S. Pease, D, from .Had, Isaac Phillips, D, from o2d, Ossian C. Phillips, D, from 32d, George Sylvester, D, from 32d, John W. Beokler, D, from 32d, Loren W. Morse, D, from .">2d, Ejias A. Morse, D, from 32d, Hebron Norton, D, from 32d, Thomas M. Pratt, D, from 32d, Rogers A. Foss, Corp., D, from 32d, Andrew J. Gould, D, from 32d, Luther M. Smith, D, from 32d, Augustus Smith, D, from 32d, Francis E. Salisbury, D, from .32d, Solomon Anderson, E, from ;>2d, David II. Stevens, E, from 32d, James S. Townsend, E, from 33d, Albert Bessey, E, from 32d, Charles T. Bailey, E, from 32d, Alonzo D. Edgecomb, E, from 32d, Henry R. Merrill, E, from 32d, Israel C. Taylor, E, from .32d, Turner Livermore Lisbon Auburn Webster Lewiston Livermore Gilbert Winslow, E, from 32d, Livermore Mark A. Ilerrick, G, from 32d, Poland Charles W. Verrill, G, from 32d, died in rebel prison, July 15, 65, ,, Charles II. Judkins, G, from .32d, Lewiston S. S. T. Marriner, G, from 32d, died Dec. 1, C)4, in rebel prison, ,, Albert A. Palmer, G, from 32d, George V. Rose, G, from .32d, Livermore Michael Sullivan, H, from .32d, died March 20, 65, Lewiston Almon Strout, H, from 32d, died in captivity, Poland Charles M. Labree, I, from .32d, Wales James B. Richardson, K, from 32d, ,, Charles B. Rounds, 1st Lieut, K, from 32d, pro Captain, Danville Charles W. Wills, K, from 32d, Durham Edward Higgins, L, Lewiston Jones L. Haskell, Musician, L, ,, Joseph C. Norris, D, died in rebel prison, East Livermore Woodbury S. Libby, F, Minot Thirty-Second Infantry Re> W. H. H. Small, Corp., B, ft Arthur L. Coombs, B, jj Patrick Dolan, B, ,, John O. Sullivan, B, ,, Stephen C. Chitler, B, Poland Elisha K. Mann, Serg., C, Leeds Stephen Richards, Corp., C, Lewiston Mandrid 0. Savage, Serg., C, jj Nathan B. Harlow, Corp., C, „ John S. Higgins, C, >» David Howe, C, a Frank Larvin, C, Silas McAllister, C, ][ Leonard Percy, C, n Leonard Weston, C, » Frank White, C, David Bailey, C, Jonathan Hutchinson, Jr, D, Charles Ludus, 1st Serg., D, Thomas JNIcCarty, D, Charles W. Merrill, D, Henry Hall, E, Frank Kilgore, E, Charles McCarroll, E, Edwin E. Jones, Serg., E, Walter Jerald, Serg., F, Maxim Layois, F, Frederic Leavitt, F, Patrick Lyons, F, Emery E. Lowell, F, Hezekiah Morse, F, ( Jeorge Morris, F, William H. Lemont, F, Eben E. Colby, G, William B. Ellis, G, Hugh Hunter, G, Michael A. Murphy, Serg., G, Warren Sturtevant, G, George Wilbur, G, James Courson, H, Roscoe Smith, H, Daniel Strickland, H, John Sullivan, H, Patrick Sullivan, H, John Brine, Corp., I, James Gleason, I, Martin McElroy, I, Frank Tripp, I, Charles Wellman, I, Emanuel Brazille, K, William Greenwood, K, James W. Hicks, K, Samuel E. Kenniston, K, Morris Murphy, K, John H. Williams, K, Lewiston Poland Minot Lewiston Minot Lewiston Auburn Lewiston Leeds Minot Lewiston Military Affairs. 161 John Warner, K, Lewiston Charles H. Wright, K, Orville Young, K, ,, Almon E. Brown, K, Auburn Rufus Danforth, K, „ Francis D. Moray, K, Auburn Chandler Nason, K, ,, William Doyle, K, Leeds Philip C. Keith, M, Lewiston Samuel W. Adams, Greene First Battalion Light Artillery. — This name was given to an organization of seven batteries, serving in different commands, and mustered into United States service at different times and places, thus: First Battery at Port- land, December 18, 1861; Second Battery at Augusta, November 30, 1861; Third Battery at Augusta, December 11, 1861; Fourth Battery at Augusta, December 21, 1861 ; Fifth Battery at Augusta, December 4, 1861 ; Sixth Battery at Augusta, February 7, 1862; Seventh Battery at Augusta, December 30, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel Davis Tillson was discharged March 25, 1863. Lieutenant-Colonel George F. Leppien died May 24, 1864, of wounds received in action. Lieutenant-Colonel Freeman McGilvery died September 2, 1864, of wounds received in action at Deep Bottom, Va. Lieutenant-Colonel James A. Hall was brevetted brigadier-general March 7, 1865. The First Battery joined the Army of the Gulf at New Orleans and was in its first action December 27, 1862, at Labadieville. From this time until August, 1863, it saw much service, notably at Pattersonville, January 14, at Bisland, April 12 and 13, at Port Hudson from April 27 to the fall of the place, and at Donaldsonville, July 13, where it took a prominent part. December 29, 1863, every man on duty re-enlisted for three years and went home on a furlough. It was rendezvoused at Augusta in March, and was assigned to General Burnside's corps of the Army of the Potomac and stationed at Washington. July 12, 1864, it aided in repelling General Early's attack on Fort Stevens, and September 19 it was prominent in the battle of Winchester, and at Strasburg, September 22. October 19 it participated in the battle of Cedar Creek, Va, losing heavily. From November 9 to July 9, 1865, it was stationed at Winchester and Manchester, Va. On the last-named day it was ordered to Portland, where it was mustered out July 15, 1865. The Second Battery saw action first at Cross Keyes, Va, June 8, 1862, and took part in skirmishes at Strasburg June 1, Woodstock June 2, Mount Jackson June 4, Newmarket June 5, Harrisonburg June 6, and Port Republic June 9. August 8 it fought the Confederates, five miles beyond Culpepper, and the next day was prominent in the battle of Cedar Mountain. It took part in the action at Bull Run, August 30. December 13 it was a participant in the attack on Fredericksburg and very active all day. On the afternoon of August 15, the battery recrossed the river and took position on the heights covering the bridge over which General Franklin's troops were crossing. August 19 it went into camp near Fletcher's Chapel, where it stayed until May 3, 1863, when it took part in the battle of Chancellorsville. From this time it was active in the Pennsylvania campaign, and was in most gallant 1(32 History of Androscoggin County. combat July 1, 2, and 3 at Gettysburg. It was in camp and on furlough from this action until April 26, 1864, when it was assigned to the Army of the Potomac and joined the march to Richmond, where it viciously assailed the enemy near Spottsylvania, May 10, 11, 12, 14, and 18, and south of the Pamunkey river, June 1 and 3. It engaged the enemy in front of Petersburg, July 26. September 27 it went into position in the fort on the left of the road leading to Petersburg, and was here, at City Point, and at Alexandria until May 31, 1865, when it was ordered to Augusta, where it was mustered out of service and discharged June 16. The Third Battery arrived at Washington, April 3, 1862, and acted as "pontooniers" for General McDowell from April 14 to November 7, when it returned to Fort Lincoln and engaged in building "Battery Maine." March 28, 1863, it became Company M, First Regiment Heavy Artillery Maine Volunteers. January 5, 1864, seventj^-two men re-enlisted for three years were furloughed, and rendezvoused at Augusta, February 22. They were detached from the First Heavy Artillery, and reorganized as the Third Battery of Mounted Artillery. This was at Washington on duty from February 28 until July 5, when it was assigned to duty with the Third Division of the Ninth Corps, and July 9 was placed in position before the rebel works in front of Cemetery Hill at Petersburg. From this time until August 19 it was in daily battle with the Confederates, bearing honorable part in the general engagement of July 30. October 25 it moved to the defenses of City Point, having been in the trenches in front of Petersburg 105 days. The battery remained at City Point and Washington until June 2, 1865, when it returned to Maine, and was mustered out and discharged June 22, 1865. The Fourth Battery was stationed at and around Washington from April 3 until June 28, 1862, when it went to the Shenandoah Valley, where, August 9, it participated in the battle of Cedar Mountain. Returning to Culpepper, August 19 it went to the Rappahannock river, protected the bridge at the railroad crossing, the next day repulsed a rebel battery and rejoined its corps at Sulphur Springs, where it had a brisk engagement with a Confederate battery, August 12. September 17 it did good execution at Antietam, and, following the retreating foe to Harper's Ferry, took position on Bolivar Heights, September 20, and was on garrison and picket duty here and at Maryland Heights until June 30, 1863, when it evacuated its position. July 22 it was engaged in the action at Wapping Heights, Va, and from this time was in active operations until going into camp at Brandy Station, December 3. It fought at McLean's Ford October 15, at Kelly's Ford November 7, and at Mine Run November 30. May 6, 1864, it crossed the Rapidan as part of the Sixth Corps. At Cold Harbor, June 1, and later at Petersburg, it did efficient service. The Fourth remained in commission until June 17, 1865, when it was mustered out and discharged. Military Affairs. 163 The Fifth Battery encamped at Washington, April 1, 1862. May 19 it "marched to Fredericksburg, thence to Front Royal, and August 9 took position at Cedar Mountain at night under a heavy artillery fire. August 20, 21, and 23 it covered the railroad crossing at Rappahannock Station and prevented the Confederate batteries from taking position. It took part in the action at Thoroughfare Gap, August 27, and lost four guns at Manassas, August 30. December 13 it was under the heaviest cannonading of the battle of Fredericksburg. May 3, 1863, it suffered severely at Chancellorsville, Captain Leppien being mortally wounded and thirty others killed and wounded. July 1 it attacked the Confederates at Emmettsburg, and the next two days was active in the great action at Gett3'^sburg. Passing the winter at Culpepper, Va, it commenced its activity May 21, 1864, at Spottsylvania, and June 2 silenced the rebel batteries in front of its position at Cold Harbor. It was before Petersburg, and later with the Sixth Corps in the defensive operations for the protection of Washington and Baltimore, and September 19 had an all-day's fight at Opequan. At Cedar Creek, October 19, it won high honors and lost heavily. This was its last engagement of moment. It was on duty along the Shenandoah and Potomac until it returned to Maine, where it was mustered out and discharged July 6, 1865. The Sixth Battery served under Generals Sigel, Banks, and Heintzelman in Virginia, and Generals Williams and Slocum in Maryland, commencing active campaigning in April, 1862. At Cedar Mountain, August 9, it held an important position with some loss. It took part in all the fighting on the Rappahannock under General Pope, and was of great service at Centerville and Manassas, August 29 and 30. It was in reserve at South Mountain, Sep- tember 14, and in position at Antietam, September 17. December 27 one section of the Sixth made a successful defense of Dumfries, Va, and with infantry support repulsed a large force. It took a prominent part at Gettys- burg, July 2 and 3, and later shared in the skirmishing of the First Corps on its retreat from Culpepper. More than two-thirds of the men re-enlisted early in 1864. From May 3, 1864, until January, 1865, it was constantly in aggres- sive duty. May 6 losing eight men at the action of Todd's Tavern, and engaging the Confederates on the Ny, North Anna, and Pamunkey rivers, at Cold Harbor, for two weeks in front of Petersburg, along the Appomattox, on the south side of the James surrounded by the enemy, and from August 22 to October 22 garrisoning and defending Fort Davis. From October the Sixth liad many artillery duels with the Confederates, was pitted against their heavy siege guns and mortars, and in many other ways maintained its deservedly high reputation. It was mustered out at Augusta, June 17, 1865. The Seventh Battery joined the Ninth Army Corps in April, 1863, and May 9 and 12 had its first encounters with the Confederates on the Ny, acquit- ting itself ably. June 2 and 3 it was prominent in the battle of Cold Harbor, 164 History of Androscoggin County. then took its way to Petersburg, aided in driving the enemy across the Norfolk raih-oad on the eighteenth, and on the twenty-third took position at Peters- burg, only 700 yards from and directly in front of the point where the mine was exploded July 30, and for forty-seven consecutive days was under fire. August 4 it was relieved and stationed at Fort Rice, where it received great attention from the Confederate batteries. October 2 it took position at the Pegram House under a heavy artillery fire, and assisted in repelling the attack on that position. December 2 returning to Petersburg it garrisoned Fort Sedgwick until April 1, 1865, and took part in the capture of Petersburg. After Lee's surrender the Seventh returned to Washington, May 10 participated in the grand review of the army, and June 5 left Washington for Maine. It was mustered out at Augusta, June 21, 1865. ROSTER. Wales Durham Leeds Lewiston Auburn Lisbon Poland Lewiston William D. Wood, Q. M. Sgt, 1 Bat., Auburn Charles H. Cobb, Jr, 1 Bat., Danville A. J. Lufkin, Serg., 1 Bat., Lewiston Michael Collins, 1 Bat., died in service, ,, L. I. N. Lenfest, 1 Bat., ,, John K. Hamilton, 1 Bat., Eben Gould, 1 Bat., William Morton, 1 Bat., Michael O'Brien, 1 Bat., Daniel P. Eaton, Serg., 5 Bat., Sullivan Luce, 5 Bat., kd July 3, 6.3, Charles P. IVIiller, 5 Bat., Warren B. Bailey, 5 Bat., Charles H. Foss, 5 Bat., Charles H. Harlow, 5 Bat., Alonzo Hinckley, Corp., 5 Bat., Isaac P. St Clair, 5 Bat., William C. A. Browu, 5 Bat., John Carvill, Corp., 5 Bat., William C. Coatling, 5 Bat., Hiram Cordwell, 5 Bat., John Finley, 5 Bat., wd and miss Manassas, Patrick Green, 5 Bat., Michael Hickey, 5 Bat., James S. Lebroke, 5 Bat. William Lenuard, 5 Bat. C. W. Richardson, Mus., IJewellyn Sawyer, .5 Bat., Edward Warren, 5 Bat., Richard K. Maxwell, .5 I'at., John R. Whitticr, 5 Bat., John H. Hanson, 5 Bat., Edward T. Sawyer, 6 Bat., Omer Smith, Corp., 7 Bat., Benjamin S. Crawford, 7 Bat., Edgar Emery, 7 Bat., Delphinas B. Bicknell, Serg., 7 Bat., at , pro Serg. 5 Bat., Minot Lewiston Danville Lewiston Auburn Poland Joseph R. Niles, 7 Bat., d of wds, 18G4 Harris W. Jordan, 7 Bat., Alfred B. Wyman, 7 Bat., Alfred Roberts, 7 Bat., Charles A. N. Waterman, 7 Bat., Solomon L. Carmoin, 2 Bat., Eli B. Clark, 2 Bat., Benjamin P. Peterson, 2 Bat., Jerry Russell, 2 Bat., Oliver L. Stevens, 4 Bat., Martin Goding, 4 Bat., died Nov. 9, 04 William A. Childs, 4 Bat., Frank McCann, 4 Bat., Uriah Read, Corp., 4 Bat., A. K. P. Ramsdell, 4 Bat., John B. Hanson, 5 Bat., Matthew Roberts, 5 Bat., Roscoe A. Williams, 5 Bat., Luther Briggs, Corp., 7 Bat., Samuel A. Stillings, 7 Bat., George Holmes, 7 Bat., Charles Emerson, 7 Bat., Sewall B. Emery, 7 Bat., Wesley Strout, 7 Bat., Oliver B. Strout, 7 Bat., Henry Stockbridge, 7 Bat., Samuel Taylor, 7 Bat., Edwin Woodsum, 7 Bat., Wentworth M. Brown, 7 Bat., Lorenzo B. Harrington, 7 Bat., George B. Hasey, 1 Bat., Edward Connor, 1 Bat., Patrick Dunn, 1 Bat., Samuel Scofleld, 1 Bat., Ezekiel H. Cook, Q. M. Sgt, 1 Bat., John McMullen, 1 Bat., Frederic C. Fuller, 7 Bat., Nathaniel C. Dean, 7 Bat., Webster Durham Lewiston Livermore Auburn Poland Lewiston Turner Minot Lisbon Turner Poland Lewiston Lisbon Auburn Minot Lewiston Webster Military Affairs. 165 Fii'st Gavalry Regiment. — This regiment of twelve companies was organized at Augusta, November 5, 1861, for three years, the men being of fine material and coming from all parts of the state. Company G was principally recruited in Androscoggin county. The original field officers were Colonel John God- dard, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Hight (formerly a captain in the regular army), Majors Samuel H. Allen, David P. Stowell, Calvin S. Douty. Colonel Goddard resigned February 12, 1862, and Major Allen was commissioned colonel. Captain Warren L. Whitney of Company A becoming major. March 14, 1862, Companies A, D, E, and F, under command of Colonel Allen, left the state for Washington, where they arrived March 19. Companies B, I, H, and M, under Major Douty, left March 20, arriving at Washington March 24. Here the two detachments were joined by the remaining companies. Lieutenant-Colonel Hight resigned March 14, 1862, and May 10 Major Douty was commissioned in his place, and with Companies A, B, E, H, and M, was assigned to General Hatch's cavalry brigade of General Banks's corps. The other companies were soon connected with General Ord's Division at Fredericksburg. May 23 l^ieutenant-Colonel Douty with his command aided in covering General Banks's retreat to Williamsport. The regiment was con- solidated at Warrenton, Va, July 10, and was in active service from that time; August 9 in the battle of Cedar Mountain, and August 20 at Brandy Station. September 4 it was in the fight of Frederick City, Md, and garrisoned the place. Colonel Allen being made military governor. Company G (then General Reno's body-guard) took part in the action at South Mountain, September 14, and C-ompanies M and H in that of Antietam, September 17. The regiment was at Frederick City and Falmouth, Va, until February 20, 1863, when it joined the First Brigade, Third Division, Colonel J. Kilpatrick commanding. Colonel Allen resigned December 12, 1862, and Lieutenant- Colonel Douty was promoted to his place. From April 13 to June 8 the First was in several engagements and reconnoissances, and June 17 it lost heavily at Aldie, Va, Colonel Douty being among the killed. June 19 it was in action at Middleburg, June 21 at Upperville, and July 3 in a severe cavalry fight at Gettysburg. July 1 Lieutenant-Colonel Charles H. Smith was commis- sioned colonel, and Major Boothby succeeded him. The First went to the support of the pickets at Shepherdstown, who were attacked by a large force under General Stuart July 16, and had a hotly contested fight of many hours. From August 24 to January 1, 1864, the First was a prominent factor in numerous battles, skirmishes, and reconnoissances. February 27, 1864, 300 men reported to General Kilpatrick for duty in the expedition to Richmond, in which they had several engagements, losing before their return to Alexandria, March 12, 98 men and over 200 horses. May 7 and 8 they liad a severe engage- ment at Todd's Tavern, and May 9 started on (leneral Sheridan's first raid and reached within three miles of Richmond. June 2 Chaplain Barrett was killed 166 History of Androscoggin County. by a solid shot. From this time until September, the First took gallant part in the actions of Trevillian's Station, St Mary's Church, Malvern Hill, Charles City Road, Dinwiddle Court House, and Ream's Station. At this time seven companies of the First District of Columbia Cavalry were transferred to the various companies of the First Maine. In October were fought actions at Gravelly Creek and Roydton Plank Road. The members whose terms of service expired November 4, 1864, were mustered out at Augusta, November 25, 1864. The organization still in service had an obstinate engagement Feb- ruary, 1865, at Cat Tail Run, where it lost heavily. It did good service in the closing battles of the war, and was mustered out of the United States service at Petersburg, Va, August 1, 1865, after a most heroic career. Colonel Smith was bre vetted brigadier-general August 1, 1864. Major Whitney resigned May 13, 1863, Major George W. Jirown February 11, 1864, Major Sidney W. Thaxter November 24, 1864, Major Daniel S. Curtis Jan- uary 18, 1865, and Major Joel W. Cloudman February 20, 1865. The field officers at the close of service were Colonel Charles H. Smith, Lieutenant- Colonel Jonathan P. Cilley, and Majors Constantine Taylor, Benjamin F. Tucker, and Paul Chadbourne. Lieutenant-Colonel Stephen Boothby died June 6, 1864, from wounds received in action. An organization was formed in 1890 as First Maine Cavalry Association of Androscoggin County, to hold semi-annual meetings in memory of their gallant history. Charles E. Moulton was chosen president ; M. F. Ricker, vice- president ; Henry Little, secretary and treasurer. At that time the veterans residing in the county numbered about sixty, embracing these whom we do not find credited to any town of the county: Charles E. Moulton, George Day, O. M. Barnard, J. M. Woodman, Samuel Whitney, C. B. Kimball, Nelson A. Dodge, Daniel Irish, J. W. West, George L. Fassett, Perry Chandler, William Dudley, Charles Phenix, B. P. Lowell, I. B. Harvey, Andrew Brawn, Horace Whitcomb, Frank Whitcomb, I. S. Maxwell, Charles Merryfield, A. E. Soule, Samuel Stone, John Stone, John Steele, Albert Smith, Leander Lane, A. P. Donnell, A. B. Brown. ROSTER. Thomas Otis, D, Poland George Wentworth, B, Greene Seth H. Keene, E, Turner Roscoe G. Reals, E, Leeds p:d P. Mitchell, F, Vii'ales Moses H. Fogg, H, tr to V. R. C, ,, Llewellyn W. Fogg, H, Lewistou Augustus J. Burbank, Capt., G, ,, Zebulon B. Blethen, Lieut, G, promoted Capt. Aug. 14, 18()2, „ Nelson J. Forsyth, Serg., G, ,, George E. Jumper, G, promoted Lieut April 16, 1865, Boynton Grover, Corp., G, promoted Sergeant Oct. 28, 1862, Lewiston Henry W. Furbish, G, ,, Fred M. Baker, Corp., G, d Apl 17, 65, Elijah Collamore, G, „ Levi S. Dakiu, G, ,, F. B. Dakin, G, ,, Rodney C. Davis, G, died March 5, 62, ,, Charles T. Duley, G, George L. Duston, G, ,, Israel M. Hatch, G, „ Sumner W. Howes, G, ,, Frank M. Furber, Band, ,, Military Affairs. 167 William O. Howes, G, Com. June 2, 64, Capt. 1st Maine S. S., Lewiston Riley L. Jones, G, Fred K. Noyes, G, Charles W. Jordan, G, Addison G. Pulsifer, G, William Maloon, Bugler, G, Bailey T. Royal, G, George A. Royal, G, John M. Stockwell, G, Edward P. Tobie, Jr, G, Com 2d Lt, E, George E. Huuton, Serg., G, pro 1st Lieut, East Livermore Cyrus T. Reed, Corp., G, pro Serg., April 1, 1803, Andrew Jordan, G, Danville Dennis Carty, G, pro Corporal, Jan. 1, 1864, East Livermore Daniel B. Doyen, G, pro Serg., March 21, 1864, „ „ Edwin V. Fuller, G, S. B. M. Lovejoy, G, pro Lieut, Dec. 31, 1862, „ John Mitchell, G, ,, ,, Geo. E. Reed, G, k Aug. 25, 64, ,, ,, William H. Wyman, G, Eben J. Pulsifer, Corp., G, Poland Alden Hall, G, pro Corp., Nov. 20, 61, Auburn Henry Little, G, pro Serg., Oct. 28, 62, ,, Churchill S. Stevens, G, ,, Charles H. Additon, G, Greene Russell S. Bradbury, ,, V. P. Dillingham, G, Freeman J. Gurney, G, ,, Thomas H. Mower, G, pro Corp., ,, John Coffin, G, Webster Joseph H. Coffin, G, pro Corp., ,, Charles H. Delano, G, k May 10, 64, Turner Geo. M. Delano, G, pr Corp., Mar. 21, 64, ,, William Doble, G, Livermore John B. Drake, Corp., G, pro Serg., April 1, 1863, East Livermore J. S. Dow, G, „ „ Joseph F. Hutchins, G, Livermore Timothy B. Niles, G, „ Alonzo P. Russell, G, Livermore Volney H. Foss, G, pro 1st Sgt, Apr., 65, Leeds Lucius C. Robbins, G, ,, Leonard L. Rose, Corp., G, ,, Seth G. Rose, G, „ Levi W. Wheeler, G, George Q. Gammon, L, Livermore Milton F. Ricker, L, pro Corp., 1864, „ Elisha C. Fuller, L, William H. H. Coding, L, Laban Smith, L, d Nov. 6, 62, Turner Ephraim H. Taylor, Lieut, M, killed June 19, 1863, Lisbon Horace K. Blethen, Corp., M, ,, George H. Dunham, Corp., C, ,, John Ford, C, died in service, Lewiston Horace Wright, C, died in service. Auburn Eswell Bonnasa, D, Lewiston John Brown, D, " David Curran, 1), " Andrew Felix, D, " Joseph Rivers, D, " J. S. Dow, D, Leeds Winfield S. Bucknam, F, Minot Fernando F. Mason, G, Turner Frank C. Adams, G, Auburn David Nash, G, ,, Henry J. Penny, G, Lewiston Albion K . Snell , G , Poland Alonzo H. Snell, G, ,, Leroy H. Tobin, G, Lewiston Albert Small, H, Andrew McCoy, H, „ George Garner, I, ,, Arad E. Gilbert, I, Job S. Spear, M, Turner George W. Proctor, A, Lisbon John Getchell, F, Lewiston John S. Johnson, F, killed in action, ,, Henry A. Capen, G, Auburn George W. Lane, G, ,, Charles A. Washburn, G, ,, Richard McCarthy, K, ,, George P. Day, M, Durham First D. G. Cavalry Regiment. — Eight hundred men, comprising eight companies, were enlisted and organized at Augusta, from October, 1863, to March, 1864, to serve three years. This body was under the command of Colonel L. C. Baker, and was designed for special service only in the District of Columbia. The only commissioned officer originally from Androscoggin county was Zebulon B. Blethen of Lewiston, second lieutenant of Company H. After important service in its original field for some months, half of the regi- ment was dismounted and ordered to Portsmouth, Va. The other part was assigned to General Butler's command, and was in General Kautz's cavalry 168 History of Androscoggin County. raid in June, 1864. August 23 the regiment had an engagement with the famous Hampton Legion, the next day it was in the thick of the fight at Ream's Station, and the next day all its Maine men were officially transferred to the First Maine Cavalry, but remained on picket duty on the extreme left of the Union line. September 15, 1864, the regiment was attacked by a heavy force of Confederates, and after a gallant resistance in which it lost heavily in killed, most of the survivors were captured. The small contingent remaining joined the First Maine Cavalry and became incorporated with it. ROSTER. H, Charles H. Pratt, William G. Besse, H, George C. Besse, H, kd in service, Edwin R. Blodgett, Sgt, G, d in reb pri, Albion H. Collins, H, d in reb pri, Peter J. Dresser, Corp., K, pro Serg., William W. Douglas, Corp., Benjamin C. Witham, K, Thomas B. Hodges, K, William X. Higgins, Serg William H. Howard, H, Thomas J. McMaster, H, Peter Jerris, R, Samuel O. Libby, pro Corp., A, 1st Cav., Frank J. Savage, H, promoted 1st Serg., M, 1st Cav., John Spear, Jeremiah Bowban, killed in action, I, Samuel Thorn, died in rebel prison, Salmon C. Brewster, K, Hollis Harlow, H, Delmer Harris, pro Serg., A, 1st Cav., George A. Kingsley, H, Charles G. Kingsley, H, died in rebel pris., Albert P. Winslow, Benj. A. Welsh, Serg., H, died of wds, Oct. 26, 1864, Stafford B. Jones, Corp., George F. Proctor, Kendall Pollard, C, Benjamin Sutherland, C, Jeff. L. Coburn, pro Lt, A, 1st Cav., Hiram S. Coburn, John H. L. Chick, Corp., H, George S. Dill, killed in action. Greene Lewiston Lisbon Lewiston Ijeeds Minot Auburn Lisbon Lewiston Daniel S. Fitzgerald, H, Lewiston Mansel W. Farr, ,, Charles E. Huston, C, ,, Andrew J. Lufkin, „ James W. Lovejoy, killed in action, ,, Henry C. Nado, I, ,, Jonathan Nash, Corp., H, ,, Edward E. Proctor, K (Lisbon), ,, George W. Penley, ,, John W. Peachey, trans to M, 1st Cav., ,, Thomas Phillop, K, killed in action, ,, George A. Royal, I, „ Benjamin H. Turner, Corp., „ Richard Webb, 1st Serg., K, ,, Ezra R. Wright, ,, Chas H. Wallace, Serg., I, kd in service, ,, Zebulon B. Blethen, 1st Lieut, H, ,, Nelson Chandler, I, Auburn Granger C. Crafts, H, died in rebel prison, ,, Henry A. Hersey, H, ,, David L. Stetson, H, ,, Andrew McCoy, H, „ Alex. B. Conant, Serg., H, Milton R. Davis, I, John French, B, Edwin D. Hall, J. D. A. Jacobs, Mus., H, Hiram B. King, Horace Perkins, K, Oren Small, Serg., I, James McGuire, pro 1st Lt, H, 1st Cav., Menander Dennett, John Warren, H, died in service, Lewis Warren, H, Turner Poland Turner Durham Minot Poland Minot Poland Leeds Lewiston Auburn Second Cavalry Regiment. — This was organized at Augusta, from November 30, 1863, to January 2, 1864. The field officers were Ephraim W. Woodman, of Wilton, colonel ; John F. Godfrey, of Bangor, lieutenant-colonel ; Charles A. Miller, of Rockland, major. Captain Elijah D. Johnson, Company C, of Lewiston, was the only commissioned officer from Androscoggin county. Detachments of this regiment left the state at various times, and were united Military Affairs. 169 at New Orleans June 1, 1864. Previous to this, Companies A, D, and a portion of G, had taken part in engagements at Cherryville Cross Roads, Marksville, Avoyelles Prairie, and Yellow Bayou, winning credit. August 11, the regi- ment formed camp at Barrancas, Fla, and was employed in fatigue duty and in raiding until February, 1865. February 23, Lieutenant-Colonel Spurling attacked a strong force of Confederates at Milton, Fla, with 300 men, and routed it. March 19, the regiment joined General Steele's command at Pen- sacola to aid in the campaign, which resulted in the capture of Mobile and the opening of Alabama to the advance of Federal troops. In this campaign the Second had several encounters with the Confederates, and destroyed a large amount of the enemy's property, beside opening communication with General Canby, besieging Spanish Fort, and capturing many prisoners. After the fall of Mobile one detachment of the Second was assigned to the Sixteenth Army Corps, and was all the cavalry with that body of 30,000 men in its march to Montgomery. In August the regiment was scattered in small detach- ments throughout western Florida to keep harmony and prevent insurrection. December 6, it was again at Barrancas and mustered out of the United States service. Twenty-five commissioned officers and 116 men were discharged in Florida on their making oath to remain there and become citizens, and 14 officers and 500 men were sent to Maine, where they were discharged at Augusta, December 21, 1865. Lieutenant-Colonel Godfrey resigned May 4, 1864, and the field officers at close of service were Ephraim W. Woodman, colonel; Andrew B. Spurling, lieutenant-colonel; Nathan Cutler, Charles A. Miller, and Eben Hutchinson, majors. ROSTER. James N. Atwood, Bugler, Liver more LendaU S. Caswell, B, Leeds Elijah D. Johnson, Capt., C, Lewiston Thomas J. Owen, Corp., I, Turner Dexter AV. True, I, pro Serg., ,, Daniel D. Dunn, K, liivermore Benj. M. Bradbury, Sgt, M, died Oct. 25, 1864, Auburn Henry C. Daley, B, Lewiston E. Riley Bishop, Corp., I, Leeds Chas T. Knight, I, died Sept. 29, G4, Leeds David E. Trask, M, died July 12, 64, Roscoe G. Lindsay, I, died Sept. 8, 64, ,, Forest L. Chase, C, East Livermore Adam Young, C, Auburn Philip Cautlin, D, Lewiston James E. Caswell, H, ,, James M. Cobb, H, Durham Reuel Haskell, M, Auburn Fred B. Haskell, M, First Regiment Sharpshooters. — This body of six companies was organized at Augusta to serve one and three years. Companies A and B were sent south November 12, 1864, and assigned to the defenses of City Point, Va. Com- panies C, D, E, and F were oi-ganized later in 1864. December 7 and 30 they went to Galloupe's Island, Boston Harbor, and January 1, 1865, were ordered to City Point, where, joining their comrades, they remained until the discovery by the War Department that no Federal authority existed for such a regi- 170 History of Androscoggin County. mental organization. Soon after the several companies were consolidated with the Twentieth Infantry Regiment. ROSTER. John Butler, 1st Lieut, C, Lewiston George F. Haskell, Corp., C, ,, William Roberts, Serg., E, ,, Eugene Hinkley, Corp., E, ,, Frank E. Frye, Serg., F, „ Daniel W. Hinkley, Serg., F, died of wounds, April 3, 1865, Lewiston James W. Libby, Lieut, E, Leeds Albert M. Rose, E, died Jan. 17, 1865, Company i), Second United States Sharpshooters. — This was a picked company, each man having to put ten consecutive shots within five inches of the center of a target, firing from a rest two hundred yards distant. James D. Fessenden, of Portland, was captain; Jacob McClure, of Rockland, first lieutenant; Silas C. Barker, of Augusta, second lieutenaiit. This company was mustered into service November 2, 1861, left the state November 13, for Washington, and became Company D of Berdan's Second Regiment of Sharp- shooters on their arrival, and was stationed in or near Washington until March 19, 1862, when it was assigned to General King's division of General McDow- ell's Corps. This year this company did effective service in many important skirmishes and battles, among them the battles near Manassas, the advance to Sharpsburg, Antietam, and Fredericksburg. It was in camp at Stoneman's Station from December 15, 1862, to April 28, 1863. It took part in the fight at Chancellorsville, May 2, and was at Gettysburg July 2 and 3. Recrossing the Potomac it went into camp at Brandy Station, where the men re-enlisted and were furloughed. Returning March 1, 1864, the company took part in the regimental movements and actions until it was consolidated with the Sev- enteenth Infantry, February 18, 1865. Daniel P. Eaton, of Auburn, Michael Murphy and Patrick Earley, of Lewiston, were in this company. Miscellaneous. — A coast-guard battalion of seven companies was organized from March 18, 1864, to March 2, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years. Androscoggin was represented in I), E, and F. All of the companies were mustered out of service in 1865. Three companies. A, B, and K, of light infantry militia were mustered into United States service in 1864, to serve in forts along the coast of Maine. Company H was in service from April 27, 1864, to July 9, 1864, at Fort McClary, Kittery. Many of its men were from Lewiston. Thirty unassigned companies of infantry were organized at Augusta in 1864 and 1865 to serve one, two, and three years. Nineteen were assigned to various regiments, four were organized as the First Battalion Infantry, two were never mustered into Federal service, and five continued in independent service until they were mustered out. The Sixth, Twenty-seventh, and Thirtieth contained men from this county. Military Affairs. 171 ROSTER COAST GUARD INFANTRY. Daniel L. Verrill, Corp., D, Auburn George W. Bailey, Corp., D, „ George L. Adams, D, ,, Stephen S. Merrill, D, „ Rufus E. Rounds, Corp., D, ,, Marshall Stevens, D, „ Charles M. Stevens, D, ,, William W. Stevens, D, „ Charles A. "Williams, D, „ Roswell C. Dunton, D, Lewiston Joseph H. Dunton, D, ,, Lewis M. Hatch, D, ,, Arthur Hathorn, D, „ Enoch L. Hinkley, D, Lewiston Charles II. Holbrook, D, ,, David C. Jackson, D, ,, Marcus F. Joy, D, ,, Llewellyn S. Libby, D, ,, William Quimby, D, ,, Silas B. Wood, D, James J. Chase, Lieut, E, Turner Stephen M. Chamberlain, Corp., F, Auburn John D. Bailey, F, ,, Cornelius Stackpole, F, „ Samuel L. Washburn, F, ,, ROSTER COMPANY H, LIGHT INFANTRY. Chester C. Thing, 1st Lieut, Dennis E. Lowell, Serg., Lnther Jones, Corp., William Maines, Corp., William Hayes, Corp., William W. Bailey, Mus., Luther C. Bateman, Charles H. Berry, Ansil F. Crooker, Robert D. Carvill. Albert G. Dunham, Wesley C. Donnell, Charles W. Dennett, Andrew Elliot, Jacob A. Field, Alonzo P. Graffam, Enoch L. Hinkley, Eben Merrill, Martin W. Penley, John N. Packard, Charles Sampson, John B. Sanders, Orestes S. Wood, Lewiston Thomas A. Eastman, Serg. Andrew F. Hodsdon, Serg., George D. Bearce, Corp., William Hayes, Corp., John Keene, Mus., Joel S. Boomer, Joseph Brisey, Chandler Barron, Joseph S. Carter, Thomas B. Chadbourne, Richard DeWitt, Ervin V. Daley, H. Nelson Emery, John F. Eaton, Moses D. Golder, Oscar F. Gammon, Charles H. Holland, Melville I. McKenney, Almortd L. Penley, Joseph E. Rankin, James M. Steadman, Greenleaf G. Wagg, Lewiston ROSTER OF UNASSIGNED COMPANIES INFANTRY. John H. Merrill, Corp., 6th, Lewiston Edgar H. Forrest, Corp., Gth, ,, Henry P. Abbott, 6th, ,, Barnum Jones, 6th, ,, Benjamin F. Pray, 6th, ,, George Seabury, 6th, ,, Nathaniel D. Chase, Serg., 9th, Durham William Newell, 9th, ,, W. Chaplin, 27th, Poland Ansel F. Crooker, 27th, James W. Downing, 27th, Albert F. Herrick, 27th, William H. Kilbouru, 27th, George B. Lane, 27th, James M. Mills, 27th, Mark E. Morton, 27th, George W. Walker, 27th, William E. Farrar, 27th, Frank E. Frye, Lieut, 30th, Andrew J. Elliott, Corp., .30tb, Alonzo P. Graffam, 30th, James W. Mitchell, 30th, Moses Chick, 30th, Gerard Chick, 30th, Elisha P. Churchill, 30th, James A. Douglass, 30th, George R. Howard, 30th, Charles Jackson, 30th, Poland Minot Lewiston 172 History of Androscoggin County. Charles J. King, 30th, Lewiston Ward Locke, 30th, Llewellyn C. Pomeroy, 30th, d in service, ,, Warren Pickering, 30th, ,, Nicholas F. Ward, 30th, Millard A. Bowie, 30th, Durham Seward ^lerrill, 30th, ,, Ira F. Beal, 30th, Auburn Samuel J. Bradbury, 30th, ,, Seth Briggs, 30th, Auburn Hiram B. Drake, 30th, „ Solomon Pettingill, 30th, ,, Stillman S. Perkins, 30th, „ Roscoe G. Townsend, 30th, ,, Albert H. Wilson, 30th, ,, Charles Knight, 30th, ,, Samuel P. Irving, Corp., 30th, Livermore Orpheus M. Leonard, 25th, Leeds ENLISTMENTS IN U. S. REGULAR ARMY. George Clark, Wilson Whittier, William F. Webb, Charles Smith, Frank Porri, David W. Pyle, Arthur W. Penley, Henry Herman, Auburn Turner Henry Cousins, Sanford M. Annis, 17th U. S. Albion D. Briggs, ,, Charles W. Hayford, ,, Sanford Annis, ,, Richard McCarthy, ,, Wm K. Chamberlain, 1st Lieut, 17th U. S. I., killed July 2, 1863, Lewiston Auburn ENLISTMENTS IN THE U. S. NAVY. Winfield S. Hill, Greene William Berry, Minot John Baptiste, Leeds Clark R. Caswell, ,, Timothy Connelly, ,, John Butler, Danville Charles Brown, Durham Bernard Burke, Turner Radford Booker, ,j John Burns, >) Daniel Burns, Durham George B. Barstow, ,, Dennis Conners, Lewiston Luther C. Chadbourne, Greene Jesse Coffin, Webster Charles Clark, Durham Cornelius Crowley, Lewiston James Cullen, Leeds Daniel Canlon, Greene William Clark, ,, James A. Oronins, Leeds George Currier, Durham Patrick Driscoll, Minot James Dooly, Danville Daniel Downing, jj Rufus L. Dill, Auburn William Dunn, Lisbon Mark Denningliam, Durham Francis Evans, Greene James Ferguson, " James Fitzgerald, East Livermore Henry Fitz, Durham Herbert Field, Lewiston James Gordon, jj William Greene, Charles M. Hines, James Hampton, Sandy Harper, Louis Henry, Benjamin Hammond, Gustave Henderson, Charles E. Johnson, Charles F. Lindsey, Rosmus Lawson, Frank J. Lindsey, Everett Lindsey, Gideon P. Lowell, Alden Moulton, Arthur N. G. Moulton, Daniel Mahoney, John McNeil, Jacol) Moore, John A. Moore, James MuUin, Daniel McDaniels, Daniel McLellan, John Moore, John McBride, Charles Miller, William Needham, John Philpot, John Peterson, William F. Quinby, John Ready, Frans Raborg, William Ryan, Francis Robinson, Henry L. Springer, Danville Turner Minot Danville Durham Minot Leeds Minot Leeds Greene Lewiston Turner Auburn Minot Leeds Danville Durham Greene Auburn Turner Greene Minot Lisbon Durham Lewiston Military Affairs. 173 Levi C. Sumner, John Sullivan, John Sullivan, James Scott, John Steib, Henry Spaulding, Charles Smith, William Turner, Charles F. Tripp, Thomas Vance, Joseph Worth, John Wilson, Charles H. Ward, Doane S. Wing, Leeds Minot Poland Danville Lisbon Greene Lisbon Minot Danville Durham Livermore Danville Lisbon Leeds Benjamin P. Winston, John V. Winslow, George D. Field, Warren F. Field, Cyrus E. Field, George A. Stinchfield, Isaac W. Bowring, enlisted Portland, Greene Danville Auburn Willard Winslow, Charles H. Davis, Dennett Cotton, Charles N. Raynes, Francis Allen, Robert Harlow, Boston, Portland, kd. From Auburn enlisted apparently unaccounted for in preceding rosters: Wallace Bicknell, John Y. Turner, William T. Turner, Allen D. Whitman, Parker S. Merrill (Second D. C. Volunteers), Parker S. Stevens (Second D. C. Volunteers), Henry Jago. From Durham went Rufus Tuttle, George Tuttle, and John D. Haskell in Massachusetts organizations, Edwin Osgood in a New York, and Samuel Loring in an Ohio regiment, E. W. Stetson in a Wisconsin battery. George Wentworth, Byron G. Hill, and Henry H. Coburn of Greene, and Alphonzo B. Holland of Lewiston, served in Second D. C. Infantry. Dr. John F. Pratt, of Greene, was a surgeon in service, while Lewis Winslow and John Chase are apparently unaccounted for. Danville sent Charles Smith, Cyrus C. Walker, and Charles B. iieynolds. Samuel Jordan, of Poland, was paymaster in United States Nav3^ Charles W. Norcross, of Livermore, served in Fourth Massachusetts Infantry. John N. Fuller, a native of Livermore, served in the Eleventh Illinois. Joseph E. Jackson, of Lewiston, was hospital steward in a Federal Kentucky regiment. Ezra Mitchell, Jr, of Mechanic Falls, was assistant surgeon at Cony Hospital. ' THE GRAND ARMY IN ANDROSCOGGIN. K710X Post, No. 0, Gr. A. M., Lewiston. — The order of the Grand Army of the Republic was introduced into Maine by General William A. Schmidt, of Quincy, Illinois, in 1867. Some of the ex-veterans of Lewiston met General Schmidt at the convention of the soldiers and sailors held in Portland in June, 1867. They were extremel}^ anxious to arrange for the organization of a post in Lewiston, but it was not effected until November 25, 1867. For this purpose a meeting was called at Graffam & Skinner's Hall, on Bates street, and the following were mustered in as charter members of a post of the Grand Army of the Republic, viz.: John S. P. Ham, Isaac S. Faunce, H. H. Rich- ardson, George A. l^arker, John F. I'utnam, Daniel J. Chandler, E. D. Johnson, Amos Whitney, Phil P. Getchell, Nelson Howard, Benjamin Litchfield, J. H. Bowie, John A. Skinner, Almon J. Gardiner, C. K. Hooker, C. W. Richardson, George L. Dustin, and G. C. Sabin. This was the ninth post in Maine, and 174 History of Androscoggin County. was organized under the direction of Cai)tain H. A. Shorey, of Bath. First Officers. — John S. P. Ham, P. C. ; Isaac S. Faunce, S. V. P. C; H. H. Rich- ardson, J. V. P. C; John F. Putnam, P. Adjutant; Phil P. Getchell, P. Q. M.; Daniel J. Chandler, I. G.; George A. Parker, O. G. Amos Whitney, Almon J. Gardiner, Benjamin Litchfield, Charles K. Hooker, J. H. Bowie, were detailed for guard duty. The post did not receive a name until December 1, 1868, and was then called Knox Post, in memory of Chaplain George Knox, who was chaplain of the First, Tenth, and Twenty-ninth Maine Regiments; and died in Virginia, October 31, 1861. One of the members served as commander of the Department of Maine Grand Army of the Republic, and several others were elected to offices in that body. The post surrendered its charter April 18, 1877, thus closing a work, which for nearly ten years had been fruitful in acts of philanthropy and charity. Custer Post, No. 7, (r. A. M., Le/wiston. — This post had its origin in a meeting of the petitioners for a charter held at the hall formerly occupied by Knox Post, May 16, 1877. (The record of the meeting is dated June 16, an obvious error, as the next meeting was held "on Saturday next. May 19.") On May 19 and 23, preliminary meetings were held, and May 26 the post was organized by the assistant-adjutant general of the Department of Maine, S. J. Gallagher, who mustered in these comrades: M. T. Ludden, R. L. Howard, G. A. Chandler, J. Q. A. Jumper, A. L. Wills, M. A. Murphy, I. S. Faunce, M. Emery, N. R. Lougee, L. Q. Arnold, D. P. Field, L. T. Curtis, J. S. P. Ham, J. F. Davis, W. H. Graffam, Russell Daggett, Otis Currier, A. J. Woodbury, B. B. Wells, W. S. Voter, D. H. Elliott, G. A. Parker, Nelson Howard, W. T. Chase, A. S. Perham, J. L. Hayes, T. B. Mennealy, C. H. Goodwin, Charles H. Jumper, L. C. Aldrich, A. B. Holland. The first officers were: W. T. Chase, commander; J. L. Hayes, quartermaster; R. L. Howard, chaplain; C. H. Jumper, officer of the day; T. B. Mennealy, officer of the guard; A. S. Per- ham, adjutant. The post was named by M. T. Ludden, R. L. Howard and A. S. Perham. The commanders have been: W. T. Chase, C. P. Nash, Isaac S. Faunce, R. L. Howard, J. Q. A. Jumper, W. G. Haskell, B. B. Wells, D. P. Field, S. H. Bagley, D. P. Field, J. O. Nickerson, George B. Haskell, William H. Graffam, George W. Cappers, J. L. Hayes, C. S. Crowell, F. A. Conant. Much of the good work done by Custer Post, its care for the sick and distressed, and other labors in which it has wrought well, unrecorded, and are only indicated on its books by the payment of some bill for supplies, and by the record of thanks received from some beneficiary, (xraves are decorated in Riverside, Barkerville, Mount Hope, Greene, Sabattus, and South Lewiston cemeteries. The post owns a large lot in Riverside Cemetery, whither have been brought the bodies of soldiers previously buried in various places in the cemetery, and May 5, 1890, it was incorporated as a charitable association. It holds annual fairs, which are well patronized and has a large post fund, while Military Affairs. 175 the relief fund, although constantly drawn upon, is kept in good condition. It receives valuable aid from Custer Relief Corps and Custer Sons of Veterans. April 1, 1891, there were 235 members in good standing. Regular meetings are held weekly, on Monday evenings, at (1. A. R. Hall, in Pilsbury lilock, corner of Lisbon and Pine streets. These comrades served in other than Maine reg'iments : — George D. Armstrong, E. W. Bartlett, Leander Bourque, Fred A. Berthold, John E. Carrigan, Seth Chandler, T. C. Chapman, B. F. Cotton, W. E. Cunningham, Russell S. Daggett, Hugh Daly, Randall W. Dresser, I. W. Emerson, Charles G. English, A. P. Foster, Thomas Fahey, Fred A. Hall, William G. Haskell, O. A. Horr, 114 U. S. Cav Albert R. Hovey, Charles Horbury, J. Q. Huzzy, John C. Jepson, C, 13 Mass Inf A, 19 Mass Inf A, 7 N. H. Inf 1 Conn. Art A, Marine Corps L, 2 Mass Cav E, 31 Mass Inf C, 2 N. H. Inf A, 5 Md Inf Navy G, 101 Penn. Inf G, 1 U. S. Cav B, 1 Mass Cav A, (i N. H. Inf Navy 7 Mass Bat . 2 Mass Art Ass't Surgeon A, 13 Mass Inf Navy H, 1 Minn. M. R C, 6 Mass Inf James Kelley, Herman Klusner, John H. Lander, Benjamin Litchfield, Samuel Lowell, Charles Morgan, Hiram A. Robinson, James Scott, W. H. Scruton, O. L. Small, N. B. Stockbridge, Jonas W. Strout, Christopher Thompson, Fred Thornton, E. W. Vosmus, G. H. Lombard, Charles E. Hayes, George Willetts, Samuel Wilkinson, W. J. Cotton, Rodney Hadley, -Jacob L. Hayes, John S. Hill, Navy K, 25 Mass Inf F, 10 N. H. Inf D, 13 Mass Inf 1, 20 Mass Inf 1, N. Y. Cav B, 32 Mass Inf G, 53 Ind. Inf B, 86 111. Inf B, 8 Penn. Cav A, 142 N. Y. Inf 10 Mass Bat I, 1 Oregon Inf Navy 26 Mass Band 1 Mass Cav Navy 1,7U. S. Inf F, 4 N. H. Inf 3, N. H. Inf 7, N. H. Inf Navy G, 8 N. H. Inf Folsom Post, No. J^-Jf, G. A. R., Auburn, was organized at Armory Hall, Auburn, March 23, 1869. Charter members: A. A. Miller, George D. Field, Roland W. Randall, Frank E. Miller, Orren Emerson, Henry Young, Charles S. Emerson, Joseph Littlefield, James White. March 27, A. C. Pray, Henry Little, A. H. Fish, Lyman Wright, Aretas B. Penney, S. H. West, Dr B. F. Sturgis, Charles M. Goss, and S. B. Day were elected members, and officers installed as follows: C. S. Emerson, Commander; A. C. Pray, S. V. C; A. A. Miller, J. V. C; Henry Little, Adjutant; Joseph Littlefield, Q. M.; A. H. Fish, S. M.; Lyman Wright, Q. M. S.; B. F. Sturgis, Surgeon. The post was named in honor of Lieutenant James C. Folsom, killed at Cedar Mountain, Va. This post relinquished its charter after an existence of eight years, during which time it did a large amount of good work, one year paying out more for relief to soldiers and soldiers' families than any other post in the state. Its largest membership was about 180. Wilson Post, No. 17, G-. A. R., Turner, was organized in 1876, with these charter members: Jacob Keene (dec), Augustus H. Strickland (dec), Horace Coburn, Elisha B. Lovejoy, Samuel A. Thomas (dec), Elbridge G. Francis, Loren W, Morse, Charles B. Young (dec), John Y. Wood, Elonzo Fuller, 176 History of Androscoggin County. Konello B. Keene. Its headquarters have been at North Turner. There have been one hundred and forty-two mustered into its ranks; at present there are sixty-six members in good standing. There is a fund of six hundred dollars for relief and post use. Wilson Post decorates about eighty graves each year. Livermore, Hartford, Buckfield, Turner, and Leeds are represented in this post. E. G. Francis, E. B. Lovejoy, A. H. Pratt, M. K. Mabry, and Shirley Merrill are past post commanders now living. H. T. Conant is the present post commander, and Rev. M. K. Mabry, adjutant. The following comrades did not enlist from Androscoggin county: Elonzo Fuller, Hartford, First Maine Battery ; John Y. Wood, Hartford, Company E, Sixteenth Maine; Sylvanus DeCosta, Hartford, Company C, Eighth Maine; Moses Verrill, Buckfield, Company C, Twentieth Maine; Seth Alden, Hartford, Company E, Sixteenth Maine; William G. Page, Hartford, Company E, Eighteenth Maine; Jason Carney, Wayne, Company K, Third Maine; M. K. Mabry, Hiram, Company K, Seventeenth Maine; A. H. Pratt enlisted in the Fiftieth Massachusetts; Patrick Octril, Seventeenth Massachusetts; Ira L. Mason, Fifth Ohio Cavalry. Burndde Post, No. ^7, Cr. A. B., Auburn, was instituted October 21, 1881, by Rev. W. G. Haskell, commander of the Department of Maine. There were seventy-seven charter members: J. E. Ashe, C. W. Allen, Francis M. Allen, B. F. Beals, D. Bickford, George D. Barnum, Rufus Bryant, B. K. Barrows, Charles F. Burr, Horatio Bumpus, R. F. Bickford, J. W. Chaplin, J. W. Chaplin, Jr, Charles W. Campbell, D. S. Curtis, George H. Dunham, Henry S. Drake, George P. Day, James C. Drew, J. N. Foster, A. S. Folsora, Frank F. Goss, C. M. Goss, Joseph Goss, R. L. Gilbert, Henry M. George, Benjamin J. Hill, J. C. Harlow, R. L. Harlow, S. F. Haskell, R. G. Jackson, F. R. Jordan, Florian Jordan,' C. B. Kimball, C. M. Keith, Henry Little, Alvah Leighton, C. M. Lander, Alonzo P. Lamb, Abram Libby, Elias A. Lothrop, A. L. Lamarche, George Lothrop, W. H. Lunt,^ Charles L. Metcalf, Clark Mitchell, Frank Martin, I. B. Martin, F. E. Miller, George W. Moore, O. C. Phillips, A. M. Peables, M. W. Penley, I. O. Partridge, S. G. Perry, Frank H. Read, Weston H. Rand, iUifus E. Rounds, Thomas L. Roberts,' Frank J. Shaw, J. B. Saun- ders, B. F. Sturgis, Edwin T. Stevens, Edward H. Sawyer, Robert M. Sykes, Thomas Tyrie, H. Thompson, John E. True, R. B. Taylor, George F. True, Murray I>. Watson, J. M. Wagg, Henry C. Weston, Benjamin Watson, Henry C. Cony,' S. F. Chaplin, Delance Young. The first officers were: Thomas Tyrie, Commander; Delance Young, S. V. C. ; J. E. Ashe, J. V. C; Edwin T. Stevens, Q. M. ; A. M. Peables, Surgeon; George Lothrop, Chaplain; George D. Barnum, O. D.; A. P. Lamb, O. G. ; Murray B. Watson, Adjutant; C. M. Lander, S. M.; F. F. Goss, Q. M. S. This post is one of the largest and most influential posts in Maine. Its total membership has been 486, and at 1 Not eligible to membership. Military Affairs. 177 present writing (March, 1891,) it has 310 members in good standing. It has ever been an active body, and has discharged its duties in a faithful manner. It has had nearly every year a fine parade on Memorial Day, when the numerous cemeteries in the town have been visited and the graves of soldiers decorated. Its fairs have met the hearty support of the people and brought to the relief fund ample supplies, which have been expended wisely and gener- ously in the aid of sick and distressed soldiers and their families. Its record is a noble one. The moneys paid out for charitable purposes since its organi- zation amount to thousands of dollars. It has two valuable auxiliaries — the Relief Corps and Sons of Veterans, that have been of great service in its good works. The commanders have been Thomas Tyrie, Delance Young, J. E. Ashe, Charles S. Emerson, George Lothrop, J. N. Foster, Edwin T. Stevens, A. B. Crafts, Charles L. Metcalf, H. B. Sawyer. Some of the leading citizens of Auburn who were not soldiers are connected with the post as honorary members, and are called Honorary Reserves. Two of these, Ara Cushman and E. T. Gile, each have purchased a Post Memorial Record, costing $100 per volume, to secure for the post the complete war record of each member, and Comrade Henry Little, the post historian, is now making the transcript in these magnificent volumes. The flag which waves over Edward Little High School when in session, was presented by Burn- side Post, April 9, 1890. The post has, at 46 Main street, a fine hall with reading and social rooms attached, where weekly meetings are held Wednesday evenings. These members served in other than Maine organizations: — George Acherson, Serg., A, 12th R. I George H. Howard, B, 1st H. A William E. Alden, Unattached Mass Moses D. Hodgkins, G, 45th Mass Isaac S. Ayers, F, 104th 111 J. A. Hackett, Serg., C, 1st 111. Art George D. Barnum, C, 12th Mass W. H. Hanscom, D, 74th N. Y R. F. Bickford, I, 12th N. H Thomas Hayes, U. S. S. Sabine David Bickford, A, 2d Mass H. N. Hood, A, 3d Mass R. S. Bradbury, A, 2d Mass John M. Kennison, Serg., D, 7th N. H George H. Billington, 58th Mass Oliver P. Laverty, E, 25th Mass James W. Chaplin, H, 6th Mo. Cav Lawrenton Lane, A, 17th U. S. Inf Henry Clark, U. S. N William A. Miller, 6th Ind. Mass William P. Dyer, 8th Mass H. A Michael McGrath, F, 91st N. Y George M. Dyer, G, 19th Mass Enoch C. Nevrton, G, 18th Conn Henry P. Dorman, A, 13th Mass A. M. Peables, Surg., 30th U. S. Col G. W. Daicy, Serg., D, 53d Penn J. D. Pulsifer, paymaster U. S. A Charles Dinsmore, D, 3d Vt George H.Rock, K, 1st Va Cav Walter S. Eldridge, F, 92d N. Y Edwin T. Stephens, Serg., D, 1st Mass Bat Nelson Fogg, C, 2d Mass H. A Thomas Tyrie, Serg., H, 1st N.H. Cav H. M. George, A, 17th Vt Hannibal Thompson, Corp., L, 2d Mass H. A F. W. Garrett, Mus., 13th Mass Albert F. Whiting, K, 7th Mass Horace INI. Gurney, K, 14th Mass H. A Charles W. Wallace, E, 6th Vt John Gray, G, 7th U. S. Inf A. D. Whitman, G, 13th Mass I. C. Hanson, K, 3d U. S. Art William Willett, U.S. N Ruel W. Hanscom, I, 43d Mass Albert A. Young, Corp., D, 33d Mass Behj. F. B. Holmes, C, 1st Mass Cav 178 History of Androscoggin County. Burnside Belief Corps was instituted January 30, 1883. It had thirty-three charter members and its first officers were: President, Dr Mary Bates Stevens; Vice-President, Mrs C. E. Moulton ; Secretary, Mrs Ella A. Beals ; Treasurer, Mrs Amy Estes ; Chaplain, Mrs Annie Foster; Conductor, Mrs George D. Barnum; Guard, Mrs M. E. Smith; Past President, Lydia A. Bickford. Since organization the corps has had over 275 members on its books. It has furnished for the state department of the society two presidents, two secre- taries, two treasurers, one inspector, and one director. The corps and the post work hand in hand for the good of the veterans and their families, and in a year do a large amount of labor and accomplish much good. A. A. DwinaJ Post, No. 3, Gr. A. B., Mechanic Falls. — This post, named in honor of one of Minot's youngest citizen soldiers, a lieutenant in Company E, Seventeenth Maine Regiment, whose picture and sword hang on the walls of the hall where the post meets weekly, was instituted July 18, 1872, by Inspector W. H. Pennell, of Portland. Although only nine men, Josiah Carr, Augustus Golderman, Asa L. Downs, Elliot King, R. D. Weston, L. L. Brown, H. T. Bucknam, David Farr, G. M. Holt, and Edward F. Ross were named in the charter, thirty-one men were present at the institution, viz.: Josiah Carr, Augustus Golderman, H. T. Bucknam, Z. M. Cushman, S. Hiram Hutchinson, Nathaniel Harding, Frank A. Millett, Eliab Bryant, James L. Dingley, A. L. Rounds, David Farr, A. S. Harmon, Mellen Greene, William C. Bridge, Frank Bridge, G. M. Holt, Elliot King, G. W. Currier, Asa L. Downs, William A. Tobie, Joseph R. Bearce, W. W. Pratt, Edward F. Ross, Hiram B. King, Percival D. Herrick, Richard D. Weston, L. L. Brown, Edward Fuller, Ronello Dwinal, Hiram Moore, Hiram P. Bailey. The first officers were: Commander, Josiah Carr; Senior Vice Commander, Hamlin T. Bucknam; Junior Vice Commander, Z. M. Cushman; Chaplain, Zenas Thompson; Quartermaster, G. M. Holt; Officer of the Day, S. H. Hutchinson; Officer of the Guard, Asa L. Downs ; Adjutant, Augustus Golderman ; Sergeant-Major, Mellen Greene; Quartermaster Sergeant, Elliot King. The commanders since that time have been : Horace A. Sawyer, 1873 ; Hamlin T. Bucknam, 1874 ; Edward Fuller, 1875 ; Edward F. Ross, 1876 ; Frank R. Harmon, 1877 and 1878; Hiram B. King, 1879; William H. Poole, 1880; William C. Bridge, 1881 ; Charles B. Adams, 1882; George W. Robbins, 1883; Hamlin T. Bucknam, 1884; F. Edwin Dwinal, 1885; Asa L. Downs, 1886; George W. Sholes, 1887; Frank A. Millett, 1888; Charles N. Burns, 1889; Orrin Downs, 1890 ; Joseph Gould, 1891. The present officers are : Commander, Joseph Gould; Senior Vice Commander, Dexter D. Skinner; Junior Vice Commander, Charles S. Greene; Adjutant, Charles N. Burns; Quartermaster, Hamlin T. Bucknam; Chaplain, George W. Sholes; Surgeon, Francis E. Mabry ; O. D., John F. Bancroft ; ( ). G., Amos Tilton. The post held its first meeting in Briggs's Hall, in the block now owned by D. B. Perry, and occupied Military Affairs. 179 these quarters until about 1883, when it leased and moved into J. 1). Curtis's hall, where its meetings are held. With the aid of liberal contributions from the citizens of Minot and Poland the post has erected a beautiful soldier's monument in ^Mechanic Falls, "Dedicated May 30, A.D. 1887, to the memory of those comrades who died during the war, 1861-1865." These members of the post served in organizations outside the state: Frank A. Millett, 4 Mass. Heavy Art., Co. I; Z. M. C'ushman, 1st Mass., Co. I), lieut; Hiram B. King, Co. K, 1 D. C. Cav.; J. C. Owens, Co. G, 181 Ohio; H. A. Sawyer, Co. H, 1st Mass.; George F. Church, Co. G, 11 Mass.; Horatio H. Gammon, Co. G, 43 Mass.; Henry M. George, Co. A, 17 Vt Inf.; Albert H. Law, Co. C, 33 Ind.; Jeremiah Robinson, Co. C, 4 Mass. Cav.; L. F. Johnson, Co. G, 2 Mass.; Edson F. Howard, 19 unattached Mass. Vols.; Moses D. Hodg- kins, Co. G, 45 Mass.; B. R. Sumner, Navy; Orrin AV. Bartlett, Co. L, 1 D. C. Cav.; Harry W. Jordan, Co. E, 14 N. H. ; Albert J. Smith, Navy; E. H. Damon, Co. G, 2 D. C. Inf.; John Faunce, Co. I, 1 D. C. Cav.; Michael McGrath, Co. F, 91 N. Y.; Charles Greene, 1 N. H. Heavy Art. Berry Post, JVo. 10, Cr. A. R., Lisbon. — A post was instituted here February 1, 1868, by Captains I. S. Faunce and J. S. P. Ham, with these officers: O. E. Small, P. C; Charles W. Gerrish, S. V. C; W. H. H. Atwood, J. V. C; Emery Gilbert, Adjutant; Judson Ames, Q. M.; L. Judkins, S.; George W. Jordan, Chaplain. This had a brief life, for May 8, 1871, Berry Post was instituted by George A. Parker, of Lewiston, with twenty-eight members. E. M. Shaw was commander; W. PI. Atwood, adjutant; E. B. Warren, quarter- master. The post was named in honor of General Hiram G. Berry, of Rock- land. These members served in organizations outside of Maine: W. H. Miles, 2 Mass.; Frank E. Grinniger, 47 Mass.; Edward Marr, Engineer Corps; James Ives, 56 Mass.; N. J. Shaw, 72 N. Y.; S. Stone, 1 Ver.; Jesse Coffin, J. A. Rogers, U. S. N. ; H. P. Thompson, hospital steward. Meetings are held in Farwell Hall, semi-monthly. Knox Post, No. 1'20, G-. A. R., Lewiston, was organized May 5, 1890, at Clan Campbell Hall, Lewiston, by the officers of the Department of the Grand Army of jNIaine. The officers jtresent were : John I). Anderson, Department Commander; M. C. Wadsworth, Senior Vice Commander; John D. Williams, Junior Vice Commander; B. F. Beals, Assistant Quartermaster; E. C. Mil- liken, Assistant Adjutant-General; J. W. Oilman, Chief Mustering Officer. The following were elected officers : Danville B. Stevens, Commander ; R. R. Ricker, Senior Vice Commander; F. C. Tarr, Junior Vice Commander; William Baird, Adjutant; M. A. Murphy, Quartermaster; E. C. Douglas, Chaplain; C. H. Allen, Officer of the Day; A. B. Holland, Officer of the Guard ; C. H. Weymouth, Sergeant-Major ; I. W. Hodgdon, Quartermaster Sergeant. The charter membei'S were: Danville B. Stevens, R. R. Ricker, F. C. Tarr, William Baird (12 Mass.), M. A. Murphy, E. C. Douglas, C. H. Allen, 180 History of Androscoggin County. A. B. Holland, C. H. Weymouth, I. W. Hodgdon, C. H. Jumper, D. B. Cressey, L. D. Parker, John A. Hodgden, G. G. Wagg, Henry J. Penney, L. G. Dingley, Horace V. Whitcomb, P. R. Nevens, Levi Webber, J. M. Sherman, E. E. Hall, I. S. Faunce, R. D. Damren, George B. Haskell, George W. Hartwell, William N. Higgins, F. E. Bisbee, William Barnes, L. C. Robbins, Joseph A. Johnson, David Nash, Byron D. Babcock, A. S. Donnell. The post retired to Lyceum Hall, where the officers were publicly installed. After the installation the ladies of Knox Relief Corps held an informal recep- tion, during which they presented to the post a check for -flOO, the president, Miss Nellie G. Ham, making the presentation. The year has been a prosperous one. The membership is forty-six. The officers for the year are : R. R. Ricker, Commander; F. C. Tarr, Senior Vice Commander; A. B. Holland, Junior Vice Commander; William Baird, Adjutant; M. A. Murphy, Quarter- master; George B. Haskell, Chaplain; Levi Webber, Officer of the Day; H. V. Whitcomb, Officer of the Guard; C. H. Allen, Sergeant Major; J. W. Hodgdon, Quartermaster's Sergeant. Kimhnll Fosf, No. 38, Gr. A. B., Livermore Falls, was organized May 9, 1881, with these charter members: Commander, Augustus D. Brown; S. V. C, David F. Blunt; J, V. C, Josiah Mitchell; Surgeon, Almado R.Smith; Chaplain, George Tarr; O. D., John F. Lamb; O. G,, James Ridley; Q. M., Adelbert Alden; Adjutant, Edgar M. Eustis; S. M., Rufus M. Dinsraore; Q. M. S., Granville Richmond, James Elliott, Lyman Harmon. The present membership (April, 1891,) is sixty-two, of whom these served in organizations out of the state: Charles R. Loring, U. S. N. ; Loring P. Gould, K, 3 Mass.; John Girard, H, 2 R. L; A. B. Holmes, 20 Mass.; J. F. Jefferds, 1 Mass. H. A. Of the charter members, Josiah Mitchell died April 18, 1889, and Edgar M. Eustis in December of the same year. The officers for 1891 are: Commander, A. D. Brown; S. V. C, A. Alden; J. V. C, Charles Burgess; Surgeon, C. W. Brown ; Chaplain, J. L. Morse; Q. M., T. Stone; O. D., J. Ridley; O. G., C. N. Kincaid; Adjutant, George Tarr; S. M., C. R. Loring; Q. M. S., James Elliott. The past commanders are: A. D. Brown, C. R. Loring, John F. Lamb, Josiah Mitchell, J. F. Jefferds, C. W. Brown, George Tarr. The adju- tants have been: E. M. Eustis, C. R. Loring, A. B. Holmes, George Tarr. The post holds its meetings in G. A. R. Hall, on Depot street. It decorates graves in Livermore, East Tjivermore, Jay, and other places Kimball Relief Corps, No. 31, was organized in December, 1885, with thirty-four members. Mrs J. F. Lamb was president; Mrs May Allen, vice-president. Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. — This patriotic order, founded in 1881, admits to membership the sons, not less than eighteen years of age, of deceased or honorably discharged soldiers, sailors, or marines, who served in the Union army or navy during the Civil War of 1861-65, and the sons of members of the order, not less than twenty-one years of age. No one is eligible who has Military Affairs. 181 ever been convicted of an infamous crime, or who has, or whose father has, ever borne arms against the government of the United States. Its objects are "to keep green the memories of our fathers and their sacrifices to maintain the Union, and to promote their interests and welfare as opportunity may offer or necessity may demand; to aid and assist in caring for their helpless and disabled veterans ; to extend aid and protection to their widows and orphans ; to perpetuate the memory of their heroic dead, and the proper observance of Memorial Day ; to aid and assist worthy and needy members of our order ; to inculcate patriotism and love of country, not only amongst our membership, but among all the people of our land, and to spread and sustain the doctrine of equal rights, universal liberty, and justice to all." The announced principles are a firm belief and trust in Almighty God, and a recognition of His beneficent guidance in the preservation of the life and integrity of the nation. True allegiance to the government of the United States of America, a respect for and fidelity to its constitution, laws, and opposition to any sj^stem or power that in any manner tends to impair the efficiency and permanency of our National Union. In 1882 General I. S. Bangs, of Waterville, who had been commissioned to inaugurate the order in Maine, organized James A. Garfield Camp, No. 1, in Waterville. This was an experimental camp, composed of lads under fourteen years, and, after successfully exemplifying the workings of the ritual, it ceased to exist. The first camp in Maine organized under the constitution, rules, and regulations of the order was Almon C\ Pray Camp^ No. 2. — This was established by Provisional Colonel Frank P. Merrill, at Auburn, January 16, 1883, and fourteen charter members were mustered in. These were Frank P. Merrill, Fred H. Storah, Herbert A. Goss, John C Blake, Leonard A. Pray, Melville E. Goss, A. A. Mower, Arthur C. Wyman, George D. Emerson, Henry Harvey, Samuel H. Dill, Wallace P. Dill, Robert E. Casey, Henry G. Casey. The first officers were H. A. Goss, captain ; A. C. Wyman, M. E. Goss, lieutenants; John C. Blake, first sergeant; S. H. Dill, quartermaster sergeant. The camp has now sixty-six members. The meetings are weekly, on Tuesday evenings, and have been held in the G. A. R. Hall from organization except in 1886-7-8, when they were held in Union and Glover's Band halls. The captains have been H. A. Goss, A. C. Wyman, S. H. Dill, G. D. Emerson, F. W. Davis, C. E. Merrill, C. L. Wright, D. M. Chamberlain, F. L. Beals, O. H. Bradbury. Those members entitled to vote in the Division Encampment are the past captains, F. L. Donnell, G. A. Field, F. P. Merrill (past commander- in-chief), John C. Blake (past colonel of division), W. A. Ripley (inspector of division). F. W. Davis has been division quartermaster, F. L. Beals member of division council, C. E. Merrill aid-de-camp on staff of commander-in-chief. F. L. Dearborn was delegate to the last National Encampment held in Auburn 182 History of Androscoggin County. in June, 1891. The officers installed in January were O. H. Bradbury, captain; C. A. Campbell, first lieutenant; J. H. Folsoni, second lieutenant; George W. Wing, chaplain ; J. Sherman Douglass, first sergeant ; F. W. Haskell, quartermaster; H. C. Mitchell, color sergeant; E. H. Bickerton, sergeant of guard ; Warren M. Spearin, camp guard ; George E. Sleeper, picket-guard; Charles E. Merrill, D. M. Chamberlain, Frank L. Beals, camp council. The first permanent division of Sons of Veterans, U. S. A. — Division of Maine — was organized at Auburn, April 10, 1888, in connection with Almon C. Pi-ay Camp, and Frank P. Merrill elected colonel. Ouster Camp, S. of T", U. S. A., Lewlston, was instituted March 16, 1883, and had twenty-four charter members: G. W. Martin, Ranee H. Babb, Pearl Babb, George E. Faunce, I. S. Blake, Fred Edgecomb, I. L. Quinby, Harry H. Miller, Fred Merryfield, George B. Estes, Henry R. Ham, H. Arthur Goodwin, Burton S. Stubbs, Charles F. Nealey, Charles F. Stanley, Willard Hayford, E. H. Jackson, H. L. Wright, Charles F. Hayford, Edwin E. Rowe, Fred W. Goodwin, Charles M. Penney, C. S. Jackson, A. Holland. The first commissioned officers were: Lyman H. Wright, captain; George E. Faunce, first lieutenant; H. H. Miller, second lieutenant; Charles F. Hayford, chaplain; George W. Martin, surgeon. For the first years the camp had great prosperity. It has had ninety- one names on its roll of members, and has been especially active in charitable work. It has cordially and ably supported the Grand Army in its weighty duties, and has been numbered among the first-class camps in Maine. The captains have been Lyman H. Wright, Harry H. Miller, George A. Field, E. H. Jackson, George E. Faunce, Beaumont Stevens, Charles F. Hayford, Charles L. Witham, Willard Hayford, A. F. Nutting, Frank A. Lapham, Edward M. Small. Kimball Camp-, S. of F"., No. 11, Livermore Falh, was organized February 23, 1888, with sixteen charter members : Charles L. Day, captain ; Charles Elliott, G. A. Thompson, D. W. Mitchell, E. E. Kincaid, E. Y. Kincaid, C. N. Kincaid, H. S. Kincaid, George Tarr, George A. Parker, J. L, Goodwin, J. H. Royal, C. W. Brown, Jr, Charles A. Gould, Warren Hyde, W. B. Gould, Leon Blunt, Herbert Newman. The first officers were C. L. Day, captain; C. N. Kincaid, J. G. Loring, lieutenants; S. C. Elliott, S. G. ; C. W. Brown, first sergeant ; George Tarr, chaplain ; H. Newman, sergeant-major ; I. L. Goodwin, color sergeant; C. A. Gould, corporal of guard; W. B. Gould, inside guard; J. H. lioyal, outside guard. There were thirty -four members April 1, 1891, and these officers: C. N. Kincaid, captain; J. C. Hatch, C. W. True, lieutenants; E. Ridley, S. G.; W. B. Gould, first sergeant; R. N. Holmes, quartermaster; F. H. Farrington, color sergeant; E. Y. Kincaid, inside guard; E. E. Kincaid, outside guard; C. L. Day, chaplain. Meetings are held in G. A. R. Hall. A. J. Pelter Camp, No. 60, Mechanic Falls, was organized March 12, 1891, with I). S. Smith, captain; A. A. Cobb and George Sawyer, lieutenants; O. C. Bridge, C. M. Cobb, H. C. Bucknam, camp counsel. IIATIIORX HALL, HATES CDLLEGL. Bates College. 183 CHAPTER XI. BATES COLLEGE. By Rev. James Albert Howe, D.D. Difficulties in Founding a College in New England. Ratson d'etre: Denominational Need — Co-education — Indigent Students — Local Support — General Public. The Begin- ning OF THE College: The Maine State Seminary — Organization of the College — An Honored Name — Other Details — The Terms of Admission —First Faculty — College and Seminary Separated — The Latin School — Cobb Divinity School — Faculty — Courses of Study. Growth of the College — Storm and Stress — Relief— Benefactors and Benefac- tions — The Equipment of the College — The Gymnasium — The Libraries — The Cabinet — Instructors and Instruction. Characteristic Features: Co-education — Open Socie- ties — Needy Students Helped — Forensics — Prizes — Outside Lectures — Morals and Religion — Interest of the Faculty in Students — The Alumni — Alumni Associations. BATES COLLEGE is one of the youngest of New England colleges, and next to the youngest of the four Maine colleges. It was started in 1863, and chartered by the legislature of the state in January of the next year. Viewed in respect to the time and place of its beginning, it will be seen that its projectors undertook a work of no little difficulty. Difficulties of Founding a College in New England. — The terri- tory of the six Eastern states, compared with that of some single states in other parts of our country, is small. Within this small territory, in 1863 fourteen colleges existed: two in Maine, two in Vermont, one in New Hamp- shire, five in Massachusetts, one in Rhode Island, three in Connecticut. Into this somewhat exclusive set a new college comes as an intruder, encroaching upon vested rights. Hence it is challenged to answer how it can expect to stand on an equality with institutions of age and repute, or perform any service for society not already taken in charge. However well endorsed, the young college enters more or less into compe- tition with the older colleges for patronage, and at a great disadvantage. Strong in the friendship of a numerous and illustrious alumni, led by a full, able, and liberally paid faculty, rich in libraries, cabinets, and other means of culture, with grounds and buildings, class-rooms, halls, and groves, hallowed by inspiring associations, endeared to church, and state, and the whole commonwealth of letters, these old colleges have resources of strength and abundance of attractions altogether wanting in nascent institutions, where everything is new, untried, and incomplete. 184 History of Androscoggin County. On the other hand there are considerations serving in a measure to coun- teract these powerful competitive influences. All the attractions of college halls do not stand to the credit of age, else new comers would be entirely shut out. The customs, traditions, methods, and spirit dominating an institution in the name of the past, may lack adaptation to the intellectual and moral interests of students of the present day. Besides, the flush and freedom and energy of youth may make liberal compensations in the class-room for the must of antiquity wanting there. The disadvantage under which a new college begins may also, in a measure, be offset, if it is to be devoted to a special line of instruction, and if it is planted on a rich foundation. But let it propose to be of the same general character as that of other colleges; let it start in poverty, looking for support and equipment to funds to be gathered here and there by personal solicitation, and largely from persons of small means ; let it aim to secure on meager salaries a full and able faculty, attempt to win the confidence of tlie public in an institution half equipped, and attract students to an alma mater without children, and the difficulties it would have to surmount would be precisely those confronting the founders of Bates College as they began their work. By their uncommon faith and courage, however, they at the outset gave hostages to the friends of education that, in spite of the magnitude of their undertaking, it should be carried to success. They saw that certain educational wants in New England were not met by any existing college. They knew, as well, that in some special directions a need existed that only a new college could supply. Believing also in the leadings of Providence in the matter, they started the institution, and stood ready to give to every man a reason for calling it into existence. Raison d'etre. I. Denominational Need. — The primary object of the projectors of the college was to provide the Free Baptists of New England with an institution of their own for the higher education of their children. When the enterprise was started, this denomination, having in New England r)00 churches, 30,000 church members, and thrice that number of church attendants, had no college east of Hillsdale, Michigan. Several small acad- emies and two large seminaries of a higher grade constituted their educational equipment. From these schools classes of young men were annually sent to colleges controlled by other denominations. Among the Free Baptists no popular demand for the college existed, only a great need, and a great possibility. Its projectors expected to meet opposi- tion, but knew that if the college were once secured, the effect of denomina- tional ownership would be to awaken interest in it, to make the churches centers for advertising its advantages, and to set the ministers at work to find students and put them on the way to its halls; they knew, also, that many young people, who would otherwise never be reached by a call to enter on a Bates College. 185 thorough course of study, would now come under a special jiressure to fit for college and begin the pursuit of learning. Within the denomination, therefore, it was plain that room and reason enough for the college could be found. But patronage from this source alone would be comparatively small. The college required a larger constituency ; and another large class remained needing if not asking for its aid. II. Co-education. — Prior to 1863 no college in New England opened its doors to her sons and daughters alike, or opened them to her daughters at all. Against the principle of co-education old customs, traditions, inherited preju- dices were stoutly arrayed. If a college would come forward, accepting the hazard of the experiment, and admit young women to its classes on the same terms as it did young men, it doubtless would in time find its intelligent and generous action appreciated, and have the honor of first ministering to this peculiar educational need. If Bates had no other sufficient reason for its existence, it certainly had one here, and one that came to be approved by the later spread of the principle of co-education. III. Ind'Kjetit jSfvdents. — Few of the old colleges managed their affairs in the interest of a class of students compelled by their own exertions to pay their way through the course. By the standards of the poor the scale of expenses was high in all New England colleges, and to many a youth disheart- ening. However willing to work, the sons and daughters of farmers and mechanics saw no reasonable prospect of earning enough money to cover the expense of four years' work in college, after meeting the expense of a prepara- tion for college. College history shows that expenses tend to increase with the age and wealth of the institution. Funds are, therefore, provided, to a limited extent, for directly assisting poor students. But however delicately given, this form of charity chafes the spirit of the beneficiary. American youth prize their independence and demand the right to meet their companions as equals. When Bates was projected there was need of a college where, without loss of self- respect or social standing, poor young men and women could get on, pay their bills, and reach graduation the peei's of any other student, if only peers in brains and scljolarshij). IV. Local /Support. — The location of Bates promised to secure it the attendance of a large number of students of botli sexes from the homes of Lewiston and Auburn. Bates was to stand in the midst of more than thirty thousand people. To the young people of its neighborhood a college is an object-lesson on the value of an education. The sound of the college bell, the sight of the grounds and buildings animate with student life, the results of college training shovi^n in public declamations, debates, and other rhetorical and literary exhibitions, together with the inspiring scenes of Class Day and Commencement Day, powerfully appeal to the youth living in the vicinity of a 186 History of Androscoggin County. college urging them not to be left behind by their equals in age in the pursuit of the best things of life. Bates saw a great opportunity to diffuse intelli- gence and culture in society at its doors. V. The General Pnhlic. — In addition to serving the wants of the special classes named, the college saw a good chance to do no inconsiderable work for the cause of higher education, irrespective of any special class. By main- taining a decided moral and Christian character, and by securing a reputation for the quality of its instruction, the college might reasonably expect that parents would often prefer to intrust to it the training of their children. In view of all these considerations, it was evident that New England had left a large place vacant in her educational work for Bates College to fill. Its originators could reasonably count on adequate patronage, increasing from year to year, if they went forward and called the college into existence. The Beginning of the College. — The Maine State Seminary. — The college was developed from the Maine State Seminary and succeeded to its lands and buildings. Hence it is necessary to give some account of the latter institution. The seminary was chartered by the state in 1855, and was given $15,000 on condition that its friends would raise an equal sum. Before the seminary was begun, or its location fixed, many Maine towns, appreciating the advantages it would bring to the place securing it, made strenuous efforts to obtain it. China, South China, Hallowell, West Waterville, Unity, Vienna, Pittsfield, and Lewiston, competed in offers for it. The people of Lewiston agreed to raise $10,000 for the seminary and to provide it a site worth $5,000, and won the prize. Of the money from the state, $10,000 were to be set aside as a fund ; the remainder could be used for any purpose needed. The conditions of the state grant having been met by the payment of the pledges made by the citizens of Lewiston, the seminary started on a capital of $30,000. This sum was soon increased by many private donations. Two buildings were constructed on a well chosen site, Parker and Hathorn halls. The former is a brick dormitory, 147 x 44 feet, three stories high, divided into two distinct apartments, with dining halls in the basement. This building was named in honor of Hon. Thomas Parker, of Farmington, Me, the largest individual contributor towards its construction. Tlie latter hall is a beautiful brick building, 86 x 50 feet, containing the chapel, recitation, and society rooms, cabinet, and library. It was so called to commemorate the liberality of Mr and Mrs Seth Hathorn, of Woolwich, Me, who gave $5,000 towards the erection of the building. Another dormitory like Parker Hall, and designed to balance it on the opposite side of Hathorn Hall, was included in the original plan, but was never built. In September, 1857, the seminary began the work of instruction. One hundred and thirty-seven students were in attendance, eighty-three gentlemen and fifty-four ladies. The corps of instructors consisted of Rev. O. B. Cheney, Bates College. 187 A.M., principal; Miss Rachel Symonds, preceptress; George H. Ricker, A.M., John A. Lowell, A.M., Miss Jane W. Hoy-t, and Miss Mary R. Cushman. Three courses of study were taught: a classical course, fitting students for college ; a ladies' course that, omitting Greek, went beyond the classical course in Latin, and included modern languages, mental and moral philosophy, and other advanced studies; an English course, designed especially to meet the wants of students looking to a business life. The seminary took high rank among institutions of its kind. That it placed scholarly ideals before its students appears from the fact that, until it was transformed into a college, it graduated on an average, each year, a class of twelve fitted to enter college. During these six years, also, forty-one young ladies took the full course of study in their department. It was very natural, therefore, that the thoughtful teachers of the seminary should begin to question the wisdom of Free Baptists in maintaining the seminary as a source of supply for colleges of other denominations. The Originator or the College. — As the seminary largely owed its rise to its principal, so even more did the college. In the autumn of 1854, while Mr Cheney was pastor of the Free Baptist Church, in Augusta, Me, Parsonsfielcl Seminary, at that time the only Free Baptist school in the state, was destroyed by fire. At once Mr Cheney conceived the idea of substituting for it a higher seminary, in a more central location. Taking others into his counsels, and ably seconded at every step and sometimes led by Rev. Ebenezer Knowlton, Mr Cheney brought to pass most of the measures, and largely secured the means by which the Maine State Seminary was founded, and carried to its good degree of prosperity. Meanwhile, other ideas grew upon him, and a larger plan took shape in his mind. He saw the opportunity, felt the necessity, and pressed the subject of using the seminary as the foundation of a college. At the annual meeting of the trustees of the seminary, in 1862, sixteen of its young men presented a petition to the board for college instruction to be provided them in the institution. In anticipation of the inevitable change the right of the seminar}^ thus to enlarge its scope and to confer degrees had been obtained from the state, on conditions, however, as yet unmet. Mr Cheney now requested the trustees to add to the seminary a college department. The trustees were not ready to adopt so bold a measure. To the petitioners they replied that the}^ dared not assure them that their request would be granted, but advised them to consult with their teachers in respect to enlarging the course of study in the seminary. The trustees hesitated, with good reason. They questioned their ability to secure funds sufficient to give a college any standing or worth. For the year just closed the regular income of the seminary was less than '16,000. The chapel in Hathorn Hall was not finished. The seminary had but two build- 188 History of Androscoggin County. ings. rts assets over liabilities, exclusive of land and buildings, were only .^12,000. Free Baptist educational interests centered in New Hampton, N. H., divided the sympathies of the churches, and prevented a concentration of denominational effort at I>ewiston. Already a tripartite agreement between the Theological School, New Hampton Institution, and Maine State Seminary aiming to become a college, had been proposed, and was under advisement. Notwithstanding these objections, at the next annual meeting, in July, 1863, the trustees unanimously voted " That the seminary be hereafter known and called by the name of liates College," and that application be made to the next legislature for a college charter under that name. This vote meant that, during the year, friends of education in and out of the denomination had been approached upon this subject and that there appeared to be a reasonable prospect of success in the attempt to found a college. Prior to the annual meeting of the board two special meetings had been held, — one in February, at Augusta, to take action on certain generous proposals received from wealthy gentlemen of Boston who were interested in the business enterprises of Lewiston. Encouraged by this unexpected and liberal promise of help in an attempt to enlarge the institution, the trustees resolved to go forward in that direction. At a second special meeting of the board, in May, at Lewiston, it was voted to commence a college course in the fall and to put an agent in the field to solicit funds for the great undertaking. These offers of aid came to the trustees through the activity of Mr Cheney. He was the head and front of this enterprise, and was the secret, when not manifest, force back of almost every movement in its favor ; and it was chiefly due to his faith and determination, courage and persistency, that the desired result was reached. He believed in Lewiston as a favorable place for such an institution, and was convinced that if it were managed in the interests of poor students and of students of both sexes, patronage would flow to it. He knew, also, that his denomination would gladly second an attempt to plant a college of its own, if men of wealth were found ready to aid it by their benefactions. An Honored Name. — Providentially, at this time several such men had large sums of money invested in Lewiston, who, both for the sake of the city and for the cause of education, had taken a generous interest in the seminary. Foremost of these was Mr Benjamin E. Bates. Possessed of great wealth, he had cherished the thought of devoting a good part of it to the benefit of mankind through an institution of learning. Taking the seminary into his favor, he encouraged the i)roject of clianging its character. In 1863 he offered to give the trustees .125,000 if they would raise $75,000 towards making it a college. The next year he made them the munificent offer of 175,000 more, on condition that they would raise !|25,000. These conditions having been met to his satisfaction, Mr Bates paid the college '1100,000, and became its honored founder. Bates College. 189 In view of his first proposition, the trustees voted that the college should bear his name, an honor as unexpected by Mr Bates as it was deserved. For in this, as in all his many subsequent favors to the college, Mr IJates was governed by philanthropic and Christian motives. He understood the value to our country of Christian colleges, and looked upon the opportunity of aiding a small denomination to found such a college as a happy way of executing one of his benevolent intentions. It may be questioned if he could have found for his money a wider field of usefulness. To his distinguished liberality in thought and deed the college owes its existence. Without his benefactions the labors of Mr Cheney would have been unavailing. Other Details. — In 1864 the trustees secured from the legislature of the state an act changing the name of Maine State Seminary to Bates College, and allowing all the property of the seminar}^ to become the property of the college, the same as if the college and seminary were one. In addition to this, the state made a grant of land to the college, valued at $20,000. This grant was accompanied by the provision that the state should control ten scholarships in the college, giving free tuition to as many need}^ students, the children of soldiers falling in the war having the preference. The course of study adopted was made very similar to that of other colleges in New England. Invitations to enter the freshman class were sent out. The terms of admission were not made low for the sake of attracting students. It was determined by the government that the college should be of the same grade as that of other New England colleges. It is interesting to notice what were the standard requirements for admission to New England colleges in 1863. The Terms of Admission. — Latin — Virgil's ^Eneid, nine books; Virgil's Bucolics and first two (Tcorgics; Hanson's Cicero, Sallust and Csesar; Arnold's Prose Composition, twenty -four exercises; Andrew's & Stoddard's Latin Gram- mar. Greek — Xenophon's Anabasis, five books; Homer's Iliad, first book; Greek Grammar. Mathematics — Arithmetic, Robinson's; Algebra, first six sections, Smyth. JSne/Iish — Ancient and Modern History; Ancient and Modern Geography ; English Grammar. Sixteen joined the first freshman class, of whom eight continued through the course. At the end of the first four years the classes stood: seniors, 8; juniors, 7 ; sophomores, 9 ; freshmen, 24 ; whole number, 48. The first catalogue of the college gave the faculty as follows: Rev. Oren B. Cheney, A.M., President; Levi W. Stanton, A.M., Professor of Greek Language and Literature ; Selden F. Neal, A.M., Professor of Mathematics ; Jonathan Y. Stanton, A.M., Professor of Latin Language and Literature; Horace R. Cheney, A.B., Tutor in Latin and Mathematics. In 1865 Professor Neal resigned to enter upon the practice of medicine, and Tutor Cheney also resigned that he might begin the study of law. The next 190 History of Androscoggin County. year Professor L. W. Stanton accepted the principalship of an institution in IJyfield, Mass. The places thus vacated were filled by temporary instructors, and by the permanent professors of whom mention is made in another place. College and Seminary SErARATED. — When the college opened the seminary remained as a department of the. college, sharing with it Parker and Hathorn Halls, the grounds, library, and apparatus. As the college classes o-rew, the mistake of associating, in this way, students of all grades of advance- ment began to be recognized, and a complete separation of the college and seminary was declared to be necessary. Hence, in 1867, a site then near but now within the college campus was selected, and a commodious brick building, 100x43 feet, three stories high, was constructed, at a cost of |>30,000, and named Nichols Hall in honor of Mr Lyman Nichols of Boston. Here, the next year, the seminary took up its abode, under the control of its own faculty and board of trustees. By a new seminary charter the college was required to pay the seminary not less than forty, nor more than fifty thousand dollars. The Latin School. — Three years prior to this separation, the college preparatory class in the seminary had been formed into a distinct body of students, called the Latin School, having for its special work, by a three years' course of study, to fit students for college. Without involving any immediate change in the character of the seminary, this action had the effect to bring into special prominence this department, and to make it attractive to the ambitious student. The influence of the college upon the seminary was generally recognized to be in favor of the Latin School as of the first import- ance. This department soon became the heart of the institution. Ere long the idea of discontinuing the seminary in the interests of the Latin School was broached. Hence it came about that, the next year after the seminary took possession of Nichols Hall, the Ladies' De[)artment was discontinued, and, together with -$5,000, was presented to the Maine Central Institute, a new Free Baptist school in Pittsfield, Maine. The Latin School was retained and this, with the remaining property of the seminary, was given over to the college. Then the charter of the seminary was surrendered. The endeavor to carry on a seminary in connection with the college, after the manner of not a few successful institutions in the West, proved unsatis- factory, and was at length abandoned. The various changes through which the institution passed before its final state was evolved were not made without some opposition. Ardent friends of the seminary, in the name of which the enterprise was started, were not all ardent for the college, and some of them viewed its absorption of the property of the seminary, and its willingness to have the seminary given up, as wanting in good faith. Time, however, vindicated the wisdom of the trustees, and changed this feeling into one of cordial acc^uiescence in all the measures adopted, and of approval of the results effected. COULi DIVINITV SCHOOL, DAIKS CoLLKOK. Bates College. 191 The college was now in a fair way of enlargement and prosperity. Its friends multiplied rapidly and generously remembered it. It steadily increased in patronage, the catalogue of 18(i6-<>7 showing, in the first four classes, forty-eight students; that of 1869-70 showing seventy -seven. The Cobb Divinity School. — The Maine State Seminary was discon- tinued at the close of the summer term, in 1870. The next autumn, the college government opened, in the vacated Nichols Hall, a theological depart- ment. The first charter of the college allowed it to give instruction in law, medicine, and theology, but expressly prohibited it from opening a distinct school in either of those branches. Obtaining a new charter with this restrictive clause left out, the young college, notwithstanding all that was upon its hands, assumed the further responsibility of opening a theological department. To understand the causes of this act, reference to some denominational matters of that day must be made. In 1870, the Free Baptist Education Society was supporting a theological school of its own, in th« beautiful village of New Hampton, N. H. For several years an effort had been going on to give the school a more complete equipment, but it had met with a limited success. A better location, a suitable building, more men in the faculty, and additions to the library were imperatively demanded. The opening of the college, necessitating a thorough canvass of the churches for funds, seriously interfered with the endeavor to find means for improving the condition of the theological school. The trustees of the college had, from the first, sought the approval of the Education Society upon their great undertaking, and were now in communication with its officers to prevent collision of methods or measures. Negotiations for the removal of the school to Lewiston were at last begun, and were carried almost to completion. The society agreed to remove the school and pay the income of its funds, 'M2,000, towards its support, on con- dition that the college should provide a building for its exclusive use, and add two men to the faculty; the men to be nominated by the society and elected by the trustees of the college. It was further stipulated that two-thirds of the college corporation should consist of persons connected with the Free Baptist denomination. To these terms the college authorities, at the annual meeting in 1870, voted to accede, and then adjourned for one month to give the society time to select men for the additional professorships. Meanwhile the project was critically examined by leading men in the denomination. Complaints were made against it on the ground of its giving undue control of the school to the college. Hence, when the corporation reassembled in July, President Cheney represented to it that the measures agreed upon as a basis of co-operation with the Education Society were not satisfactory to many, and were likely to create a prejudice against the college among some of its proper friends and patrons. On his recommendation the trustees reconsidered their action, voted to start a theological school of their 192 History of Androscoggin County. own, and to ask the Education Society to surrender its school and appropriate the income of its funds in aid of needy students studying for the ministry, but to give the use of its library to the new institution. The college agreed to open its school in the autumn, with three men in the faculty, and to add a fourth man within three years. Rev. John Fullonton, D.D.,'and Rev. John J. Butler, D.D., professors in the former school, were elected to chairs in the new. To these was added, temporarily. Professor Hayes of the college faculty, who was to teach in both departments. Readily accepting this surprisingly liberal offer, the Education Society took the step asked of it, and left the way clear for the college to initiate its new enterprise. The school opened in Nichols Hall, at the beginning of the fall term of the college, with fourteen students present. Professor Fullonton taught Hebrew and Ecclesiastical History; Professor Butler, Theology and Homiletics; Pro- fessor Hayes, English and Greek Exegesis. Rev. James A. Howe, A.M., was added to the faculty, in 1872, as Professor of Theology, and Thomas Hill Rich, A.M., as Professor in Hebrew. The next year. Professor Butler accepted a call to a professorship in the theological department of Hillsdale College. In 1890, Rev. Alfred W. Anthony, A.M., took the chair of New Testament Exegesis and Criticism. Since the school has been in operation, the annual average attendance has been twenty-one, and thirty-eight per cent, of the students have been college graduates. In 1887, the name was changed to Cobb Divinity School, in recognition of the catholic spirit and generous act of Hon. J. L. H. Cobb, of Lewiston, in giving to the institution -^25,000. Probably this is the only instance in our country of a divinity school of one denomination named in honor of a member of another denomination. This donation, joined with others specially con- tributed for the divinity school, has secured to it a foundation of its own nearly sufficient for its entire support. The interests of the Free Baptist churches in New England were appreciably promoted by uniting their divinity school with their college; and the college, in turn, has been benefited even more, both because its right to appeal to the churches has thus been reinforced, and because through the divinity school the college became more widely advertised, and more distinctly a center of denominational attraction. Growth of the College. — The decade from 1870 to 1880 was one of steady growth in patronage. The catalogue of 1879-80 shows a total of students, in the academical department, of one hundred and forty-one, or nearly double the number ten years before. During this time, also, four men were added to the college faculty: In 1872, Mr George C. Chase, A.M., as Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature ; in 1873, Rev. I'riah Balkam, D.D., as Professor of Logic and Christian Evidences;' in 1875, Mr Oliver C. 1 At the time of liis election Trofessor Balkam was a retired clergyman, who had at an earlier date been pastor of the large Congregational church in Lewiston. In view of his scholarly attainments, Bates College. 193 Wendell, A.M., as Professor of Astronomy;^ in 1876, Mr John H. Rand, A.M., as Professor of Mathematics. The library and apparatus were steadily increased, receiving annual appropriations from the college treasury, -tSOO being the standard sum of expenditure for them. The cabinet collections were also, to some degree, enriched, both by occasional purchases, and by valuable gifts from friends. The external appearance of the college was not forgotten. A lot of land sej^arating the site of the divinity school from that of the college was pur- chased, at a cost of #13,838, and added to the campus. The gymnasium was built and partly equipped, at a cost of -#4,000 ; a building for the Latin School was constructed at a cost of l|7,000; and a house for the president bought for 115,000. This increase of land and buildings, of facilities, students, and professors, were signs to the public of a healthful development of the college and of an intelligent adjustment of its affairs to secure its present and future interests. But during this period there was written an altogether different cliapter of history. In spite of these appearances of prosperity, for a period of fifteen years, beginning in 1870, the college was battling against a financial storm of increasing severity, threatening the destruction of the institution. Storm and Stress. — The first necessity of a college is income. Inexo- rable are the demands for it. Buildings, students, professors, are of no avail without it. The college must have money, and that in a liberal measure. Starting on an inadequate foundation. Bates, at once, had to begin a struggle for existence. With its expenditures brought down to the lowest figure, they would, year by year, stubbornly overrun the receipts. The gifts of friends, though generous, could only supplement other sources of income. The tuition, according to the settled policy of the college to assist poor students, was kept at $36 a year, the lowest tuition charged by an}' college in New England; and this, too, in many cases of need, was freely given to the student. The room- rent receipts from Parker Hall, the only dormitory, did not pay four per cent, on its cost. The main source of revenue, the endowment fund, in 1869, the year before the divinity school was opened, when swelled by room rent, tuition, and all gifts for current expenses, allowed the expenditures to exceed the receipts by the sum of #2,567. When the trustees dared to add to their Professor Stanton conceived the idea of connecting him with the college, and solicited money in Lewiston, principally from the members of Dr Balkam's former parish, towards endowing the chair of Logic and Christian Evidences, for his occupancy. This effort was so far successful that in the autumn of 1873, Dr Balkam began his work as an instructor, taking for that year the classes of Professor Hayes, who was studying abroad. On the fourth of March, in the next spring, while riding to the college to meet his class, Pi'ofessor Balkam was thrown from his horse and instantly killed. His death brought upon the college the loss of a teacher of superior ability and scholarship, who was adding greatly to its attractiveness and worth. '-Professor Wendell, on account of ill health, was compelled to retire at the end of the year. 194 History of Androscoggin County. already heavy responsibilities the support of a theological school, they saw a reasonable prospect of an immediate increase of the resources of the college. Instead of any increase, however, the year of opening the divinity school was signalized by the failure of two of the generous patrons of the college, involv- ino- a loss to it of 125,000. The support of the theological faculty together with that of the increased college faculty, added to the outlay for improve- ments before noticed, soon carried the aggregate excess of expenditures over income to an alarming extent. In 1876 the floating debt amounted to -181,292. The next year it was '|!5,000 more, with the invested funds of the college reduced to nearly !|120,000. The outlook of the institution grew more and more menacing, except as relieved in a measure by promises of aid. By another characteristically generous act, Mr Bates early came to the assistance of the struggling institution. February 21, 1873, President Cheney received word from him that if within live years the college would raise 'tlOO,000, he would give it an equal sum. At the same time the college was encouraged to expect that half the amount required of it would come from another generous source. Hence, with -150,000 to raise, the college went zealously to work. Its needs were too pressing to admit of delaj^ The Free Baptist Education Society subscribed 125,000. In a little more than a year, by strenuous solicitations, the subscription called for by the college was declared complete. Then it was found that, owing to the prevailing business depression, the anticipated gift of |!50,000 could not be secured. This great sum was thrown back upon the college for it to raise. A limited field, at best, was that open to appeals for Free Baptist enterprises, and this field had just been canvassed. The stagnation of trade increased the difficulty of soliciting money. The endeavors of the college to accomplish its object were tireless and heroic. The very life of the college seemed to depend on getting this promised fund. A donation of ^10,000, made by the president, at commencement, in 1876, finished the subscription. Again there was great rejoicing. In view of the general prostration of business, the payment of Mr Bates's subscription was delayed. Meanwhile, some of the pledges made to the college had suffered from the financial distress of the time. Before the matter was settled, on January 14, 1878, within live weeks of the limit of time allowed for meeting the terms of his offer, Mr Bates suddenly died. The college knew that to deal with the law was not to deal with a per- sonal friend. Therefore it carefully reviewed its subscription list, converted unsettled pledges into cash or legal notes, and, with the utmost confidence in tlie validity of its claim against Mr Bates's estate, awaited the day of settle- ment. By counting a bequest of 140,000 that fell to the college in 1874, with the other sums received, it could show that, in the given time, it had raised in notes, cash, and other securities, $143,785. The legality of the claim was Bates College. 195 doubted by the executors of Mr Bates's will, and the courts sustained them in their doubt. Not until five years after the death of Mr Bates was the case finally decided, and then the college was non-suited. The decision of the supreme bench against the college rested on a point not considered by either party in the trial. The gift of the Education Society carried with it the condition that the money should be available for the use of the college so long as the teachers supported by it, in whole or in part, " should be approved by the executive committee of the society." No evidence was offered to show that in view of these terms Mr Bates would accept this money as a permanent gift to the college. Hence, by not allowing this sum to stand, nor legal notes to be counted as dollars, the courts ruled that the conditions of Mr Bates's pledge were not fulfilled. The effort to meet those conditions, however, had brought to the college treasury ^100,000, and had proved to be the salvation of the institution. Increased by this amount on the one hand, diminished by the amount of many annual deficits on the other, the funds of the college still remained obstinately insufficient. The poverty of the college rested heavily on the faculty. For twelve years they each sacrificed a fifth of their salaries towards keeping down the debt. At their request Professor Chase was induced to act as an agent for the college during vacations, if not for a longer period. His efforts were especially valuable. By his labors, in connection with those of the president, it came about that, in 1884, the treasurer's books, for the first time since 1868, showed, on current expense account, a slight balance on the right side. The expenditures were <|18,729.28, the income $18,800.80, leaving the balance 171.52. But a balance so small as this is with difficulty kept from shifting sides. The next year the familiar story was repeated — a deficit of JftSlO. Wliile the current expense account was brought within control, the permanent fund did not always show a stability in harmony with its name. In 1881, for instance, two notes, valued at -112,000, belonging to that fund, became worthless ; on the other hand, during the same year, rf5,000 were added to the fund, leaving it, with all debts of the college paid, !i!l57,037, or less than half the sum needed by IJates for a generous life. The equipment of the college was not complete ; the management was rigidly economical ; expenses were kept at the lowest scale; wants accumulated; desirable improvements were deferred; the salaries of the professors remained severely meager. But, at last, a prospect of relief appeared. Relief. — The financial relief of the college, so long desired, came about through another conditional promise of money, and b}^ another liberal bequest. In 1886, Hon. J, L. H. Cobb, of Lewiston, proposed to give $25,000 to the college if it would raise $75,000. This offer was followed by that of another gentleman to add to the sum thus obtained $30,000, the gift to be used for an astronomical observatory. While the college was engaged in finding the 196 History of Androscoggin County. money for securing these pledges, a bequest of $40,000 fell to it, and, as bequests were not to be included in the $75,000 to be raised, the funds of the college were by so much the more increased. To lighten the work thus inqiosed upon the college, the Free Baptists of New England were invited to endow a chair in the divinity school, to be named the FuUonton professorship, in honor of Professor John FuUonton, D.D., who, for more than fifty years, has served his denomination as an instructor of its youth. This proposition was heartily seconded by all the old pupils of the revered professor. The churches were canvassed by two students who, in the course of a year, secured, generally in small suras, a good part of this endow- ment fund. The remainder will doubtless be made up in a short time. At the end of two years the college had met the conditions to Mr Cobb's generous offer, when his noble purpose was promptly executed, and the college found itself brought into a safe position. Benefactors and Benefactions. — Since the building of a college is the building of a public and permanent institution, the persons by whose liberal gifts its foundation is secured are entitled to such public and lasting honor as the pages of its history can give. It is a pleasant as well as a just act to put on record the names of some of the generous givers to Bates College. Institutions owing their existence to funds gathered as were those of Bates, become indebted to a multitude of donors of small sums worthy of grateful and enduring remembrance. Of such benefactors Bates has a long and illumined roll. The aggregate of their gifts formed no small part of the capital of the college at the beginning of its history. Its growth in years made imperative enlargement in every direction. Enlargement meant larger expenditures, and larger expenditures, the necessity of larger receipts. So inexorable have been the calls for money in equipping this young institution, so wide and strong the ever-flowing and deepening current of expense, that only the munificent gifts of wealthy friends could have availed to arrest the flood and keep it froiu overwhelming the college. Though the endowment of Bates is still small, not reaching to an approximate equality with that of most New England colleges having only one department, and conducted on a higher scale of charges, yet it has probably known more widely than they the warmth of philanthropic hands and hearts. And to these the college is specially indebted for its record, and for all its promise of usefulness. To group the chief benefactors of the college, in spite of the slight repetition it may involve, is to present in a true light one important chapter of the college history. First among these, first in time, and first in the amount of his benefactions, was the noble man whose name the college bears, who gave the institution, in addition to his valuable influence, 1100,000. The state of Maine, with a constitution requiring it to make, from time to time, appropria- tions in aid of institutions of learning, must be ranked among the benefactors Bates College. 197 of Bates. It appropriated $15,000 at the beginning of the Maine State Seminary, and, at the starting of the college, two townships of land, valued at 120,000. The Free Baptist Education Society, relieved by the college of the support of its theological school, gave $25,000 towards securing Mr Bates's last subscription. The Alumni Association, a legally incorporated body, gave the college its note for $10,000, with the understanding that all gifts from the alumni should go towards the liquidation of the note. President Cheney, with characteristic liberality, gave $11,000 to the college to which he has given his life. The bequest of Mr Joshua Benson, of Boston, brought great encouragement to the college in a dark hour of its history. Intending to devise the principal part of his estate to some institution of learning, he was induced by a grand-nephew of his, then in college, the late Mr E. H. Besse, of the class of 1877, to consider the character and need of Bates. Another grand-nephew, Mr E. C. Benson, of Boston, heartily seconded this request. The will was made in favor of Bates, and brought it $40,000, though changes in the real estate somewhat reduced this amount. The next large legacy came to the college by the will of Mrs Sarah S. Belcher, of Farmington, Me. A widow, without children, long interested in the educational work of her denomination at Lewiston, and influenced by her friendship for Dr Cheney, she formed the wise and large-hearted purpose of leaving the bulk of her property to the college. The will was contested on the ground of undue influence, a fictitious and absurd charge, contradicted by her remarkable strength of mind and disallowed by the courts. The expense of the entire suit falling upon the college, the only result of the trial was to take from the legacy nearly $10,000 for the costs of law, leaving $40,000 to the treasury. The largest benefaction Bates has received from any person now living is $25,000 from Hon. J. L. H. Cobb, of Lewiston. To this noble liberality in behalf of the college Mr Cobb was moved as the result of his observation of its work and worth. How the trustees expressed their appreciation of this benevolence of spirit and act by naming the divinity school after him has already been noticed. In 1887, Mrs Caroline A. Wood, of Cambridge, Mass., left to the college a legacy of $35,000. In early life Mrs Wood was connected with the Free Baptist church in Vermont. By removal of residence her membership was lost to the denomination, but not her attachment. Having become acquainted with the character and needs of the college, she generously remembered it in the final disposition of her estate. The money thus devised is yet on its way to the treasury. This is also true of the money coming from another recent bequest, that of the late Mr Henry W. Easterbrooks, of Sutton, Vt, whose thoughtfulness in his last days brings to the college $12,000 in aid of the education of young men for the ministry. 198 History of Androscoggin County. Early in the history of the institution, Mr William Toothaker and his wife, of Phillips, Me, gave it |6,600. At a later period Hon. Asa Redington, LL.D., of Lewiston, made a donation to the college of ■'i<5,000 in stock, accompanied by the wish that 11,000 of this sum be used to found a scholar- ship for a lady student — the first act of the kind known in the experience of a New England college. By depreciation of the stock shortly after its transfer to the college, the generous purposes of Judge Redington failed to give the aid intended. Mrs Charlotte Chesley, of New Market, N. H., left the college l)y will about -14,000. Hon. George G. Fogg, LL.D., of Concord, N. H., one of the trustees, showed his genuine friendship for it by a gift of $5,500. Mr Cliace Lewis, of Providence, R. L, endowed one of the first scholarships in the college, and also left to it a legacy of $4,000. The late Mr M. D. Spalding and his brother, of Boston, rendered valuable aid to the college in its time of need, by a gift of |i4,000. By repeated remembrances of the college, the late Mr S. D. Warren and his family, of Boston, assisted it to tlie amount of $10,000, assistance made doubly valuable by the ever cordial spirit with which it was rendered. I. H. Hedge, M.D., of Waukon, Iowa, contributed $5,000 towards the erection of the laboratory that bears his name. Two liberal and cultured ladies of Boston have placed the college under deep obligations to them for donations amounting to $7,300. Their names, not their generous acts, can be kept concealed. United States Senator Stanford, of California, has given this Maine college signal reason for cherishing a fraternal interest in the university of which he is the founder, as well as for holding his name in lasting honor by a gift to Bates of $8,000. In addition to these sums should be counted the outstanding pledge, soon to be honored, of $30,000 towards an observator}^ and its equipment. As has been said this is only a partial list of the noble benefactors who have chosen to make Bates the almoner of their liberality to church, society, and native land. The college thus bears witness to the claim of American wealth to be foremost in the world in recognizing institutions of learning, and especially those designed for students of limited means, as agencies of highest usefulness. Were all the records of Bates to be published they would testify as strongly to the appreciation of such institutions by > American people not counted as wealthy. The Equipment of the College. — The aggregate gifts to the college named in the above list is about $415,000, including in this sum the legacies and pledge not yet in the possession of the college. By means of these and smaller gifts, the college, in spite of the large excess of current expenses over current income, extending through a period of fifteen years and carrying the debt nearly to $90,000, has managed to stop the deficit, pay this debt, and retain a working capital, that, by the strictest economy, will enable it to live. It now has, for both departments, an endowment fund of $262,967.22, shortly Bates College. 199 to be increased by the Wood and Easterbrooks legacies to over J|300,000. The grounds contain fifty acres, and with the six college buildings are valued at 1200,000. The G-i/mnasium. — The gymnasium is the least expensive of the buildings, though adequate for its purpose. It is a commodious wooden structure in the rear of Parker and Hathorn halls, and is the place where commencement dinner is served. It is furnished with apparatus of the most approved pattern. Exercise is taken under the care of four students, one of them a young lady, who are specially trained at Harvard under Professor Sargent for instructors in gymnastics. It is thought that, by taking competent undergraduates for tutors in the gymnasium, the interest and morale of this work will be kept at its best, while the instructors will receive compensation to help them through their college course. Instruction is given four times a week to each class by itself. Regular attendance is required of all students as at other college exercises. The Lihraries connected with the college amount to 15,373 volumes. These are distributed thus : College library, 10,373;' society libraries, 1,000 ; divinity school, 3,900. The books of the college library have been selected with care, and primarily with reference to the needs of the undergraduates. Hence, as an aid in their education it has a value that might not be found in a much larger collection of books. It contains little rubbish, is enriched by a few rare books of value, and is constantly growing. The cabinet of minerals, fossils, shells, and birds, classified and arranged for uses of instruction, has grown with the years of the college to a respectable size. It contains valuable specimens of fossils from the coal regions of Pennsylvania, the gift of Rev. Dr I. P. Warren, of Portland. A. C. Hamlin, M.D., of Bangor, Me, contributed to the collection sixty rare minerals, including several precious stones. Other friends have made additions from time to time, so that, by gradual accumulation, it now answers, though still meager, most of the demands of the class-room upon it for illustrations of the processes of nature. One feature of the cabinet deserving notice is the ornithological collection that contains a good number of New England birds, together with specimens of foreign birds. This collection was gathered at a cost of $500, and presented to the college by its distinguished ornithologist. Professor J. Y. Stanton. The study of botany is aided by an herbarium, secured at a cost of several hundred dollars from the late President Chadbourne, of Williams College. Apparatus is supplied to meet the needs of instruction in chemistry and physics to a good, but not to the fullest extent, as the aim of the college in this direction is sometimes hindered by lack of money. Several years ago the lamented Professor Stanley received seven hundred dollars from Mr A. D. iln 1891, 10,757. 200 History of Androscoggin County. Lockwood, an old friend and former trustee of the college, for the purchase of a small telescope. By rare good fortune one of A. Clark & Sons' six and one- half inch classes was secured from Professor O. C. Wendell of Harvard Observatory. This telescope is equatorially mounted, and located where it can be made available for the classes in astronomy. The college now has a prospect of crowning David Mountain — a steep and solitary hill, one hundred and twenty-five feet above surrounding territory, three hundred and ninety feet above tide water, its base within a stone's throw of the college — with an observatory furnished with a large telescope and other instruments of astronomical science. In things essential to a full equipment of a college, Bates, of course, has not yet reached a limit. It is glad to be able to point to Hedge Laboratory, just completed, a brick building 36x58 feet, two stories higli, finished to the roof, as evidence of progress in supplying the facilities for instruction. The Instructors and Instruction. — The branches taught in the college may be grouped under the following heads: classics, mathematics, modern languages, English literature and rhetoric, political economy and the various branches of science, psychology, logic and Christian evidences. The gymnasium, not the university, is taken for a model. On the question of extensive modifications of the old curriculum under which earlier New England colleges, not to speak of those abroad, have won their reputation for discipline and scholarship. Bates, in part by necessity, but more by preference, is inclined to be conservative. A technical course of study pursued after graduation from college, when the mind has been broadened, disciplined, and furnished with the groundwork of knowledge, gives promise of yielding the best results. If the business of life is to shut the student up to one special line of studies, not too early let him turn aside from all other departments of learning. Of no branch of study in the curriculum of Bates would a liberally educated inan willingly be ignorant. Even in America life is not too short for one to lay, in youth, a proper foundation for his future work. In the classics, the instruction at Bates aims to secure accuracy and smoothness of translation, and to bring the student to feel the force and beauty of the ancient languages. Special weight is attached to a correct knowledge and application of the grammar as one of the surest means of sharpening the power of discrimination and disciplining the judgment. This department, together with that of ornithology, is in charge of Professor Stanton, who has been a member of the faculty since the opening of the college. Professor Stanton is a graduate of Bowdoin, and of Andover 'Jlieological Seminary, and has also studied abroad. Mathenuitics are continued through two years, concluding with calculus, except as French is chosen in place of it. The only option in the course is between these two studies. Instruction in this department since 1876 has HEDGE LABORATORY, BATES COLLEGE. Bates College. 201 been given by Professor Rand. Professor Rand was a member of the first class graduated by the college, and left a reputation for aptitude in this branch of study that secured his call to this chair. French is taught five hours a week through the sophomore year; German, the same number of hours through the junior year, and also one hour a day, once a week, for one term of the senior year. The limited time allowed to these languages compels the instruction to favor acquaintance either with the written or the spoken tongue. If four years in a foreign land are essential for acquiring the art of correct conversation in its language, it would seem to be wise in college to devote the time given to French and German primarily to the study of the grammar and the literature. Hence, in this department. Professor Angell, without overlooking conversation, follows this line of instruction, drilling his classes thoroughly in the grammar, and introducing them to some of the best works of the best authors. Professor Angell is a graduate of Brown, for several years was the principal of Lapham Institute, and has studied for his department in France and Germany. English litei'ature and rhetoric receive special attention at Bates. Instruc- tion in these branches is given during some part of each of the four years. By text-book and lectures on the part of the instructor, and by essays and criticisms on the part of the students, the theory and practice of rhetoric are combined. The origin, development, and character of English speech and literature are fully enough treated to exempt Bates from the charge frequently made that our higher institutions neglect the mother-tongue. In the absence of any direct instruction in history. Professor Chase aims to assign historical events and characters as the subjects of essays and criticisms, and to send his students to the library for historical investigation, and thus, in a measure, to supply the defect until the chair in history is filled. Professor Chase is the youngest of the professors, an alumnus of the college, of the class of 1868. He specially fitted for this department by a post-graduate course at Harvard. He is now traveling in Europe. Scientific studies and political economy were taught by the lamented Pro- fessor R. C. Stanley from the time of his coming into the college, in 1865, until his death, August 5, 1889. They are now in charge of Professor W. H. Harts- horn, who is ably sustaining the reputation given this department by his pred- ecessor. The course in chemistry has recently been enlarged in the direction of more laboratory work. Professor L. G. Jordan, of the class of 1870, was elected to this department in June, 1889. The other subjects taught under the head of science — astronomy, geology, botany, ornithology, physics, zoology, biology — are carried far enough to give the student an intelligent acquaintance with them, and to prepare him for further study. Five hours a week, for a term, are devoted to each of these branches except ornithology, and for two terms to physics. Bates takes special pride in its instruction in ornithology as one of 202 History of Androscoggin County. its peculiar features. Possessing the best private collection of Maine birds in the state, Professor Stanton brings to this, his favorite side-study, the results of wide investigation. By lectures, illustrated with specimens from his own or the college collection, and also by accompanying his class into the haunts of living birds, he leads the students to take a deep interest in this somewhat neglected, yet fascinating branch of study. (christian in foundation and in character, the college regards moral philos- ophy, ps3^chology, and Christian evidences as studies of first importance for all liberally educated minds. These subjects are taught by text-books, lectures, and the investigation of assigned topics, and the preparation of papers upon them by the class. Questions related to these topics are given to the class to answer by the aid of their own reading and thought. The work in this department falls to the senior year, and is in the hands of Professor Hayes. Coming to the college after five years' service as a pastor, and after several years of teaching the higher branches of study, Professor Hayes had a double preparation for his department. He is a graduate of Bowdoin and of the Free Baptist Theological School, and has studied in Germany. The honorary degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Hillsdale. In the faculty of both departments four colleges are represented. Two of the professors are graduates of Dartmouth, four of Bowdoin, two of Brown, and four of Bates. Five of the faculty have supplemented their college and professional courses by study abroad. From the first the faculty of Bates have been a working corps. In the youth and poverty of the college, the character of its instruction has been its main reliance for attractiveness and growth. Regarding themselves as stewards of the bounty and the sacrifices of many, and their work as a sacred trust received from the patrons of the college, the faculty have brought to pass far greater results than the most sanguine friends of the college at first anticipated. Characteristic Features. I. Co-Educatlon. — It was comparativel}^ easy for Bates to lead the way, in New England, in offering college privileges to young women on the same terms as to young men. For in the seminary, out of which the college sprung, both sexes studied together through all the course. Why prolonging the course for one year, or for four years, should involve a necessity of separating the sexes, the trustees failed to see. Before their eyes and under their superintendence the principle of co-education had been put to the test ; for them to abandon it in the college, in the absence of any fundamental difference in the situation presenting a solid reason for a change of policy, would be plainly inconsistent. Besides, here was an open field for the new college to. cultivate with the prospect of large returns. Bates, therefore, determined to introduce the innovation and fearlessly flung open its doors to all. This step was taken in advance of any popular demand, but not in advance of public need. Bates College. 20^ At the opening of the college course, several young ladies, who had pursued the preparatory studies in the seminary, matriculated, and kept along with the class through two or three years, but none continued until graduation. Miss Maria W. Mitchell, of the class of 1869, has the distinction of being the first lady graduate of any New England college. Her example was slowly influential. It was not until her senior year that she saw another of her sex in college. The number of ladies graduating thus far has been fifty-four, distributed thus: 18(39, 1; 1872, 1; 1877, 2; 1880, 2; 1881, 1; 1882, 2; 1883, 2; 1884, 5; 1886, 1; 1887, 5; 1888, 5; 1889, 7; 1890, 7; 1891, 13. There are now forty-eight young ladies in college. The novelty of their presence and of their equal participation in all college exercises long since wore away, and has ceased to excite comment. The sight of them in college is as pleasant and natural as in church. Some superior love of learning and earnestness of purpose unite in such young ladies as are intent on having a college education. Thus a principle of selection operates to secure among them a high average of ability ; and this explains how it is that college honors have fallen to them out of all proportion to their numbers. It is the rule rather than the exception for them to reach oration rank. Three times they have won the valedictory and twice the salutatory. In one class, containing only two young ladies, they divided these honors between them. Study has not been detrimental to their health. The regular habits of college life, taken in connection with the prescribed course of gymnastics, tend to imjDrove rather than to impair their health. In all matters of college discipline they are an aid to good order, and have themselves never given any occasion for rebuke. As their numbers have increased, the inclination of the students to cultivate unduly the social instinct has attracted the attention of the faculty, and been guarded against. Co-education, as tried at Bates, has proved a success. II. Open Societies. — Among the earliest enactments of the college gov- ernment was a law declaring that " On no condition shall a secret society be organized or be allowed to exist." Petitions to the trustees from time to time for the abrogation of this law have been unavailing. The experience of American colleges has demonstrated that they must choose between secret or open societies. Both do not flourish. Bates prefers the latter as avoiding ex- pense, securing the best literary returns, shutting out the temptations incident to secret meetings of students at late hours of night, and as leaving open to all members of the college, and especially of each class, the acquaintance and good-fellowship usually pledged, if not confined, to the few members of a fraternity. One of the superior advantages of small colleges lies in their ability to give students opportunities for the forensic training cultivated by open societies. The Eurosophian and Polymnian societies maintain separate rooms in Hathorn Hall, each society having a library of about 800 volumes apiece. In their respective rooms they hold weekly meetings on Friday night. 204 History of Androscoggin County. and once a year have a more public meeting in the chapel. As members from the freshman class are secured according to the comparative merits of the exercises, a healthful rivalry develoi:)S a healthful exertion to excel. It cannot but be that in meetings where papers are read, declamations rendered, ques- tions on various subjects discussed and criticisms passed, the literary taste and forensic skill of the members should steadily improve. TIL Needy Students Helped. — No better proof of the design of the college to keep its expenses within the reach of poor students could be given than that shown in its refusal to obtain relief from its financial distress by raising the tuition to an equality with that charged in other colleges. "Many a country lad," said one of the trustees in discussing a proposition to raise the tuition, "is influenced in his choice of a college by a difference of five dollars in the tuition." In addition to the help thus offered needy students, the college has twenty-five scholarships and the state tea, giving free tuition to deserving applicants. A still greater advantage in this dii-ection results from arranging the college calendar with a view to have vacations favor the students in earning money. Beginning the last week in August the fall term runs to the Friday before Thanksgiving. The college is tlien suspended for six weeks to allow for teaching winter schools, a privilege made use of to such an extent that two-thirds of the young men, during tliis vacation, may be found scattered over New England engaged in this work. Thus New England reaps some reward for whatever aid it has in any way given the college. Teaching, too, has other than pecuniary rewards for the student, bringing him more fully into sympathy with college methods and requirements, and quickening his grasp on the studies pursued. It also prepares him, on leaving college, to obtain at once a permanent situation as a teacher. Undoubtedly the expla- nation of the fact that so large a per cent, of the alumni make teaching their life-work may be found here. The money earned in the summer and winter vacations frequently enables economical students to meet all their college bills; and, if by this means their time has to be taken from reading and the pursuits of general culture, and be given to things not always intellectual, these students receive some valuable compensations in the self- reliance, energy, and perseverance, coming into character as the result of their exertions. IV. Forensles. — The system of public debates, established at Bates, is a peculiar feature of the institution, and one of very high merit. During the freshman year the class is divided into groups of six or eight, and each group is given a question for public discussion at the close of the fall term of the sophomore year. When the debate comes off each disputant is allowed to speak twenty minutes, and to read his argument or deliver it from memory. The discussion takes place in the presence of the students and their friends, before a committee selected by the speakers, usually chosen from the senior Bates College. 205 class, with, perhaps, one member from outside the college. The committee first names the best debater in each division, regardless of his elocution, and then, out of all the class, selects the eight best disputants, whether successful in their own division or not, for a final "cliampion debate" that constitutes one of the exercises of commencement week. Care is taken to have all the topics discussed worthy of the student's study. Out of a list presented by the professor in charge of the exercise the students choose one to their taste. Some of the questions discussed have been: The Tariff; State vs. Denomina- tional Colleges; Bismarck or Grladstone ; English Civil /Service for the United States; Correctness of the Popular Estimate of Bacon; A Canal Across the Isthmus to he Built hy the United States. The rhetorical exercises of the freshman and sophomore classes include essays and public prize declamations. Each member of both classes after a private drill in speaking participates in the declamations. Each junior debates before the class, writes essays, and prepares an original declamation for a public prize contest. All the class read their parts before a committee of their own selection, who then choose the twelve best to compete, during commencement week, in respect to composition and elocution, for a first and second prize. The rhetorical work of the senior 3^ear consists of criticisms, literary and philosophical, essays, and orations. At the close of the spring term, a senior exhibition is given by twelve representative speakers selected in the same manner as the contestants in the junior prize. V. Prizes. — The system of prizes established at Bates has been found to be attended with good results. It is as follows : For general scholarship, a first and second prize are given to each of the first three classes ; the first prizes are respectively eight, nine, and ten dollars; the second, five, six, and seven dollars. As it often happens that the best scholars are not the best speakers, these prizes answer a wise end, in honoring merit on other grounds. For excellence in public declamation there is given to the best speaker of the freshman class, at the close of the fall term, and to the best speaker of the sophomore class, at the close of the spring term, a prize of ten dollars each. The successful competitors in the prize debates receive ten dollars each, and the victor in the champion debate, a prize of twenty dollars. The first prize given for the best original declamation by the juniors in commencement week is seventy-five dollars, and the second, twenty. For improvement in English composition, as shown by the essays and original declamations, prizes of ten dollars each are given to the most deserving member of the sopho- more and of the junior classes respectively. VI. Outside Lectures. — It has come to be a custom of the college to secure from eminent scholars, teachers, and divines, a yearly course of lectures before the students. Some of New England's ablest thinkers and leaders of thought have been heard in this way. These lectures are made free to the public, and 206 History of Androscoggin County. are highly appreciated by the scholarly element of Lewiston and Auburn, as well as by the class for whom they are more immediately intended. Among those who have been heard are John Fiske, Edwin D. Mead, Phillips Brooks, Edward Everett Hale, Alexander McKenzie, Ruen Thomas, Professor C. W. Emerson, ex-President Hill of Harvard. In one course, Rev. Selah Merrill, D.D., gave six lectures on Palestine. It has been generally by the courtesy and generous consideration of these eminent men that the students have had the privilege of listening to their counsels. VII. Morals and Eeligion. — The college requires attendance at church, once each Sabbath, wherever the student may elect to go ; also at daily morning prayers after the first recitation, and at the public services on the day of prayer for colleges. The students sustain a Y. M. C. A. and a Y. W. C. A. — the two forming a Christian union for a general social meeting on Wednesday evening. Class prayer-meetings, with more or less regularity, are also held. By reason of these and other direct Christian agencies, a pure moral and religious atmos- phere has, from the first, pervaded the institution. In their guardianship of the moral character of the college, the faculty have not hesitated to be "paternal "to the extent of promptly dismissing any student disposed to spread moral contamination among his associates. Temperance, interpreted to mean total abstinence, is universally prevalent, and, what is possibly more significant, the use of tobacco, while not prohibited by the college, is, by the students' own act, reduced to a minimum, or altogether discarded. At the present time it is believed that not one of the students is addicted to its use. The benefit of a scholarship carries with it a pledge of abstinence from tobacco. VIII. Interest of the Faculty m the Students. — The personal interest of the faculty in the students, made possible by the size of the classes, can be men- tioned as one of the striking features of the college. Any student is invited to consult freely with the faculty on whatever concerns his welfare as a member of the college. By the free response to this invitation, the faculty are brought to know the moral as well as the intellectual bent of the members of each class. The result is that the student, perceiving that he is an object of interest to his teachers, feels at liberty to seek their advice in respect to his studies, or to ask their aid in his endeavors to get a situation to teach or work. The opportunity is thus presented to the faculty to mingle any word of caution, reproof, or commendation with their favors. The good offices of the faculty invoked and freely extended through the course, are especially sought as graduation draws near, by those intending to teach. It is very natural, too, that members of an alumni thus trained in college should not be restrained from looking to the faculty, at any later time, for counsel or other consideration. The Alumni. — The whole number of graduates from the college is five hundred and five. The whole number of graduates from the divinity school Bates College. 207 is ninety-four. The whole number of graduates from the institution is five hundred and ninetj^-nine. The first class, of 1867, consisted of eight; the last, of thirty-three, in 1891. Assuming the average age of the students at graduation to be twenty -three years, the members of the first class would now be in their forty-fifth year. The first nine classes graduated one hundred and two, — that is, about one-fourth of the entire alumni. The remaining three- fourths, therefore, have not yet passed their thirty-eighth year. Eighteen more than one-half of the alumni had graduated in 1881 ; hence, one-half of the whole number have not yet passed their thirty-third year. These figures clearly set forth the youth of the college and show that but few of its alumni have arrived at the period when distinction usually comes to men. The alumni are not too young to have successfully entered upon the pursuits of life, but are yet too young to have carried off its highest honors. Interpreted by the callings selected, the alumni may claim to have been rather drawn to positions of usefulness than to those promising renown. Forty per cent, of them have become teachers, and not a few of them teachers of a superior order. Accustomed to teach while in college, on leaving it many of them can at once turn their experience to their advantage in this line of work. Thus it has come about that more city high schools in New England are now taught by graduates of Bates than by those of any other college. Three of the alumni are teachers in Boston, three in Washington, one at Harvard, nine in other colleges, and others are found scattered through the schools of twenty-one states of the Union. Exclusive of the alumnoe, although the second young woman to graduate from the college is a preacher, about nineteen per cent, of the alumni have chosen the ministry, or seventy in all. Of these forty-one have entered the Free Baptist ministr}^ seventeen the Congregational, and twelve that of other bodies. In the lirst decade, twenty-three per cent., in the second only thirteen per cent, of the alumni chose this profession, a serious decline, although one shared in common with the other New England colleges of our day. Of the remainder of the alumni fourteen per cent, have chosen the law, twelve per cent, medicine, the rest, architecture, civil engineering, journalism, and other vocations. Alumni Assoc(atio)ts. — The loyalty of any alumni to their alma inafer may be assumed to exist. The alumni of Bates give to it an ardent loyalty. From association with graduates of other colleges in ways to bring into relief the comparative results of each other's mental training, many of the alumni have taken occasion to report their satisfaction with the instruction, course of study, discipline, spirit, and standards maintained at Bates. Wherever found in sufficient numbers, they have organized alumni associations for an annual reunion and supper, and for fostering the interests of the college. The most important of these associations is the chartered body consisting of all the grad- 208 History of Androscoggin County. uates, and holding its annual meeting during commencement. One evening of the week is given up to this association for such literary exercises as it may, out of its own members, provide. Two-fifths of the Board of Overseers are now nominated by the alumni, or two out of the five that are annually elected. The acquaintance of these alumni with the internal affairs of the college can hardly be equaled by that of other members of the corporation ; and hence the influence of the alumni on the management of the college seems destined to be increasingly controlling and valuable, as their years, with those of the college, ripen into maturity. Present Condition. — The college corporation is now sustaining three distinct departments: The Latin School, with seven instructors and eighty- nine students; Cobb Divinity School, with a faculty of six, and twenty students ; Bates College proper, with ten professors and instructors, and one hundred and forty-six students." For the support of these schools the corporation has, besides annual donations from special friends, and the income from room rents and tuition, the interest of above -^300, 000 of productive funds. Thus, well organized, respectably equipped and endowed, with the confidence of the public, and a commanding reputation for scholarship secured, with an increas- ing circle of friends, and with a faculty whose character is best portrayed by this record of results achieved. Bates College can be said to have started well on a career of service for education, religion, and humanity. CHAPTER XH. MASONIC AND ODD FELLOW SOCIETIES. FREEMASONRY in Androscoggin. — The first Masonic lodge in America, St John's Lodge, was holden at Boston, July 30, 1733, by commission from Lord Viscount Montague, Grand Master of England. The next was St Andrew's Lodge, instituted there, November 30, 1752, by a dispensation from Lord Aberdowr, Grand Master of Scotland. His successor, the P^arl of Dalhousie, March 3, 1772, commissioned "Doctor Joseph Warren, Grand Master of all the Masonic lodges in America." After General Warren fell on Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775, Joseph Webb, Esq., succeeded him as Grand 1 Figures of 1890. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 209 Master. The first lodge in Maine was Portland Lodge, chartered in 1762, established in March, 1769. The oldest chapter was Portland Chapter, instituted in 1805. The Grand Lodge of Maine was established at Portland, during the first session of the Maine Legislature, in 1820. The strong men of Androscoggin Valley were heartily in unison with the fraternal spirit and principles of Freemasonry, and in the first decade of this century movements were made culminating in the creation of Oriental Star Lodge in Livermore in 1811, and of Tranquil Lodge now of Auburn. From these have sprung numerous children, and both exist to-day, exercising a potent influence in Masonic counsels. Oriental Star Lodije, No. 21, F. . 17S, Anhurn, F. <|' A. 31.^ ^ was granted a dispensation by M. W. Albert Moore, G. M., dated June 25, 1875, with these officers: Samuel O. Wood, W. M. ; Albert M. Penley, S. W.; and Marcellus B. Preble, J. W. After working under dispensation for one year, and initiating fourteen candidates, a charter was granted, dated May 4, 1870, with the following charter members: Forest E. Bisbee, George H. Brown, DeWitt C. Chase, Lewis A. Cobb, Francis Corson, C. B. Eaton, Enoch Perkins, George Parker, Isaac S. Robinson, Edwin T. Stevens, Andrew M. Peables, Milton J. Loring, Nathaniel M. Neal, Samuel O. Wood, H. A. Wallingford, Albert M. Penley, M. B. Preble, James W. Peables, Albion G. Smith. At a special communication, held in Masonic Hall, in Auburn, June 15, 1876, the following representatives of the Grand Lodge were present: Most 1 By L. A. Cobb. 216 History of Androscoggin County. Worshipful Albert Moore, G. M.; Right Worshipful William J. Burnham as D. G. M.; Right Worthy Fessenden I. Day as S. G. W.; Worshipful A. M. Larrabee as J. G. W.; Worshipful W. W. Sanborn as G. Treas. ; Worshipful George A. Callahan as G. Sec; Worshipful H. E. Morriscy as G. S. D.; Worshipful C. H. Jumper as G. J. D.; Right Worshipful Warren Phillips, G. Tyler. The lodge was then formally constituted and the following ofifioers were duly installed by the Most Worshipful Grand Master: Samuel O. Wood, W. M.; Albert M. Penley, S. W.; M. B. Preble, J. W.; Nathaniel M. Neal, treasurer; Edwin T. Stevens, secretary; G. M. Atkins, chaplain; J. W. Peables, M.; M. J. Loring, S. D. ; F. E. Bisbee, J. D.; L. L. Hersey, S. S.; C. H. Parker, J. S.; Charles E. Johnson, tyler. At the annual communication, held October 5, 1876, the lodge elected: A. M. Penley, W. M.; M. J. Loring, S. W.; George Parker, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary; and at the annual communication, held October 16, 1877, the same officers were re-elected. At the annual communication held October 15, 1878, the following were elected: M. J. Loring, W. M.; G. M. Atkins, S. W.; John T. Hale, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the annual communica- tion held October 21, 1870, the same officers were re-elected. At the annual communication, held October 19, 1880, the following officers were elected: George Parker, W. M.; John T. Hale, S. W.; Isaac S. Robinson, J. W. ; N. M. Neal, treasurer ; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the annual communication held October 18, 1881, elected: N. M. Neal, W. M. ; L S. Robinson, S. W. ; C. H. Parker, J. W.; E. O. Wells, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the annual communication held October 17, 1882, elected: Isaac S. Robinson, W. M.; C. H. Parker, S. W.; G. M. Atkins, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary. A special meeting of the lodge was called December 25 to attend the funeral of Isaac S. Robinson, Master of the lodge. At the next regular meeting suitable resolutions were adopted and the secretary instructed to inscribe a page of the records to his memory. At the annual communica- tion held October 16, 1883, elected: Lionel O. Brackett, W. M. ; G. M. Atkins, S. W. ; H. B. Sawyer, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; E. T. Stevens, secretary. At the annual communication held October 21, 1884, the officers were re-elected with the exception of Brother E. T. Stevens, who, having served as secretary of the lodge since its organization, declined a re-election, and Walter H. Jolnison was elected. At the annual communication held October 20, 1885, elected: Orrel Brown, W. M. ; J. H. Litchfield, S. W.; Benjamin R. Irish, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; L. A. Cobb, secretary. At the annual communication held October 19, 1886, the same officers were re-elected. At the annual communication held October 18, 1887, elected: J. H. Litchfield, W. M.; H. L. Gurney, S. W.; M. P. Buchanan, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; J^. A. Cobb, secretary. At the annual communication held Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 217 October 16, 1888, re-elected the officers of the previous year. At the annual communication held October 15, 1889, elected: Herbert L. (Jurney, W. M.; M. Perry Buchanan, S. W.; C. S. Stevens, J. W. ; N. M. Neal, treasurer; L. A. Cobb, secretary. At the annual communication held October 21, 1890, elected: Herbert L. Gurney, W. M.; M. Perry Buchanan, S. W.; Clarence A. Chase, J. W.; N. M. Neal, treasurer; L. A. Cobb, secretary. A public instal- lation was held in Masonic Hall, Tuesday, November 18, and the above officers were installed by M. W. Frank E. Sleeper, P. G. M., assisted by M. W. Fes- senden I. Day as Grand Marshal, and R. W. William J. Burnham as Grand Chaplain . Of the 20 charter members 13 are at present members, three have died, and four have left the lodge. In addition to its charter members the lodge has gained 78 by initiation and 11 by dimit, making the whole number on its books 109. It has lost by death, dimits, and other causes, 19. Its present member- ship (November, 1890,) is 90. The meetings are well attended, and a good degree of interest is manifested by the brethren in the advancement of masonry and the prosperity of the lodge. Bradford CJiapter, No. 38^ R. A. M.^ — This body began its existence as Auburn Chapter under a dispensation granted May 17, 1874, to Companions George S. Woodman, Rodney F. Foss, Joseph Littlefield, Charles B. Merrill, Robert M. Sykes, Levi W. Sanborn, Myron W. Jones, George B. Stevens, Samuel O. Wood, Henry D. Donovan, Cyrus Hall, Albert M. Penley, Charles C. Keith, S. E. Wentworth, Milton J. Loring, Daniel E. Hall, Charles B. Eaton, Albert W. Larrabee, Isaac S. J\obinson, Daniel F. Bean, and Edwin M. Leavitt. Horace H. Burbank, Grand High Priest, apjjointed Companion George S. AVoodman the first High Priest, Companion Rodney F. Foss the first King, and Companion Joseph Littlefield the first Scribe. May 18 the companions assembled at the probate court room in Auburn, and a chapter of Royal Arch Masons was opened. Present, M. E. George S. Woodman, H. P.; E. Rodney F. Foss, King; E. Joseph Littlefield, Scribe; Companions C. B. Merrill, E. M. Leavitt, L. W. Sanborn, A. W. Larrabee, J. S. Robinson, C. B, Eaton, A. M. Penley, and S, O. Wood. The dispensation was read by the H. P. and accepted. The M. E. H. P. appointed C/ompanions S. O. Wood, C. of H.; George B. Stevens, P. S. ; A. M. Penley, R. A. C; E. M. Leavitt, treasurer; C. B. Merrill, secretary; D. F. Bean, M. 3d V.; H. D. Donovan, M. 2d v.; C. B. Eaton, M. 1st V.; C. C. Keith, Sent. Companions Leavitt, Robinson, and Foss were chosen to procure a room for meetings, Companions Donovan, Merrill, and Foss to prepare by-laws, and Companions Larrabee, Wood, and Stevens to procure furniture and regalia. Voted that the stated convocations be held on the first Tuesday of each month. A stated convocation was held June 2, 1874. Petitions for degrees were 1 By Algernon M. Roak, P. H. P. 218 History of Androscoggin County. received from brothers Algernon M. Roak, James W. Peables, Abram Atwood, John B. Jordan, John Pickard, Henry Little, George C. Wing, Samuel F. Merrill, Ansel L. Lombard, George W. Curtis, Andrew M. Peables, Benjamin F. Sturgis. Later all were elected to the degrees. Tranquil Lodge offered the free use of its rooms to the chapter, while working under dispensation, and it was voted to accept the offer. August 27 the first work was done, Algernon M. Koak, James W. Peables, and Abram Atwood being advanced to the honorary degree of Mark Master Mason. February 9, 1875, a con- vocation was called to confer the Mark Master's, Past Master's, and Most Excellent Master's degrees. Li the evening the Hoyal Arch degree was conferred. M. E. Horace H. Burbank, Grand High Priest, in his ofificial capacit}^ reviewed the work, and expressed himself as much pleased. There was present a large representation from King Hiram and other chapters. It was voted to change the name of the chapter to liradford. At the annual session of the Grand Chapter, May 4, 1875, the Grand High Priest, in his communication, said: February 9, 1874, I iii^pected the work in all the degrees, and with pleasure report it eminently satisfactory. Accuracy, deliberation, and dignity characterized the entire ceremonies. Their large and elegant hall with its suitable appointments, the specimens of their skill, their zealous efforts to succeed, all afford, abundant evidence that with a charter they would do credit to themselves and honor to the Grand Chapter. The charter was granted May 5, 1875, as Bradford Chapter, No. 38, to take rank and precedence from May 7, 1874. June 1, 1875, the companions who had signed the petition assembled to accept the charter, and to elect officers. The chapter was constituted by M. E. Henry L. Paine, Grand High Priest; Joseph M. Hayes, Grand King; F. T. Faulkner, Grand Scribe; Warren Phillips, Grand Sentinel; George A. Callahan and A. K. P. Knowlton, King Hiram Chapter; N. Woodbury, Somerset Chapter; F. 1. Day, St Paul Chapter. The Grand High Priest installed the officers: George S. Woodman, H. P.; Rodney F. Foss, King; Joseph Littlefield, Scribe; E. L. Leavitt, Treasurer; Charles B. Merrill, Secretary; Samuel (). Wood, C. of H.; Albert M. Penley, P. S.; Henry D. Donovan, R. A. C.; C. B. Eaton, M. 3d V.; D. E. Hall, M. 2d V.; L. W. Sanborn, M. 1st V.; C. C. Keith, Sentinel. September 5, 1875, Comp. Daniel E. Hall died. At the annual convocation in Portland, May 2, 1876, the Grand High Priest in his report said: November 2 I visited this chapter and inspected work on the R. A. degree, which was presented in a manner which many of our older chapters would do well to imitate. June 3, 187t), the annual convocation was held. Up to this time the chapter had exalted thirty-two companions. The following were elected : M. E. Rodney F. Foss, H. P.; Samuel O. Wood, King; Albert M. Penley, Scribe ; E. M. Leavitt, Treasurer; C. B. Merrill, Secretary; R. L. Harlow, C. of H.; A. M. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 219 Roak, P. S. ; J. W. Peables, R. A. C, and, June 22, were installed by M. E. George S. Woodman, P. H. P., assisted by Companion John B. Jordan as Marshal. March 6, 1877, R. E. F. T. Faulkner, Grand Scribe, officially visited the chapter. June 5 the annual convocation was held. During the year there had been six exaltations. The officers elected were : M. E. Samuel O. Wood, H. P. ; Albert M. Penley, King ; R. L, Harlow, Scribe ; E. M. Leavitt, Treasurer ; C. B. Merrill, Secretary ; A. M. Roak, C. of H. ; A.R. Savage, P. S. ; B. F. Metcalf, R. A. C. July 19 P. H. P. Augustus Callahan, assisted by P. H. P. George S. Woodman, as Grand Marshal, publicly installed the officers. February 8, 1878, R. E. Joseph M. Hayes, D. G. H. P., made an official visit. There were also present M. E. John W. Ballou, P. G. H. P.; R. E. F. T. Faulkner, Grand King, and a large number of visiting companions. June 4, 1878, were elected: A. M. Penley, H. P.; R. L. Harlow, King; A. M. Roak, Scribe ; A. R. Savage, C. of H. ; B. F. Metcalf, P. S. ; W. F. Lord, R. A. C. ; E. M. Leavitt, Treas. ; C. B. Merrill, Sec, who, June 19, were publicly installed by R. E. Jos. A. Locke, Grand Scribe, assisted by F. I. Day, P. H. P., as Marshal. March 12, 1879, R. E. Comp. Locke again visited the chapter when the Royal Arch degree was conferred. In his report to the Grand Chapter, May, 1879, he said : The officers of this chapter are determined not to be excelled, and the large attend- ance showed that the companions as well as the officers felt a deep Interest in the welfare and good name of their chapter. Right Eminent F. T. Faulkner, Grand King, and visitors from King Hiram St Paul, Keystone, Androscoggin, Jerusalem, and Turner cliapters were also present. June 3, 1879, were elected: Comp. R. L. Harlow, H. P.; A. M. Roak, King; A. R. Savage, Scribe; B. F. Metcalf, C. of H.; W. F. Lord, P. S ; J. F. Atwood, R. A. C. ; George C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec. June 17 P. H. P. A. M. Penley, assisted by P. H. P. George S. Woodman as Marshal, pub- licly installed the officers. After the installation a banquet was served. June 1, 1880, were elected: A. M. Roak, H. P.; A. R. Savage, King; B. F. Metcalf, Scribe; George C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec; W. F. Lord, C. of H. ; J. F. Atwood, P. S.; C. E. Libby, R. A. C. July 6 P. H. P. R. L. Harlow, with the assistance of P. H. P. Geo. S. Woodman as Marshal, publicly installed the officers. After the installation refreshments were served. January 4, 1881, the committee appointed to present resolutions on the death of Comp. Charles B. Eaton, reported this among others: ^'' Me solved, That in the death of Companion Eaton this chapter has lost a worth}'' member, — who, as one of its charter members, labored hard for its success, — his widow, a kind husband, and the state a good citizen." March 8, 1881, M. E. Jos. M. Hayes, G. H. P., made his official visit. In his report he said: I visited Bradford Chapter, No. 38, Auburn, and witnessed work in the Royal Arch degree. This chapter, although young, is one that will rank high, for its officers are 220 History op Androscoggin County. interested in its welfare, are accurate ritualists, and appreciate the spirit of the text. The work presented would have been creditable for any chapter. June 7, 1881, were elected: A. R. Savage, H. P.; B. F. Metcalf, King; W. F. Lord, Scribe; J. F. Atwood, C. of H.; C. E. Libby, P. S.; E. G. Thompson, R. A. C; Geo. C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec. June 14 the officers were publicly installed by A. M. Roak, P. H. P., assisted by A. M. Penley, P. H. P., as Grand Marshal. April 4, 1882', R. E. Frank E. Sleeper, D. G. H. P., made his official visit. In his report he said: I visited Bradford Chapter at Auburn and witnessed work in the M. M. M. degree. The oflScers and many of the members showed a very commendable zeal to ascertain what is the correct wording of the ritual. The chapter is in a prosperous condition. June G, 1882, these officers were elected: B. F. Metcalf, H. P.; W. F. Lord, King; J. F. Atwood, Scribe; C. E. Libby, C. of H.; H. G. Foss, P. S. ; E. G. Heath, R. A. C.; George C. Wing, Treas.; C. B. Merrill, Sec; and June 29 they were publicly installed by A. R. Savage, P. H. P., assisted by A. M. Roak, P. H. P., as Marshal. March 27, 1883, R. E. Manley G. Trask, Grand King, made his official visit. In his report, he said: I visited Bradford Chapter at Auburn, and witnessed most excellent work on the M. E. M. degree. The officers displayed a thorough knowledge of their several parts. June 5, 1883, the following were elected: W. F. Lord, H. P.; J. F. Atwood, King ; C. E. Libby, Scribe ; H. G. Foss, C. of H. ; E. G. Heath, P. S. ; L. O. Brackett, R. A. C. ; Geo. C. Wing, Treas. ; C. B. Merrill, Sec. June 12 the officers were publicly installed by A. M. Roak, P. XL P., assisted by A. M. Penley, P. H. P., as Marshal. March 4, 1884, resolutions were adopted to the memory of our late companion, Marcellus B. Preble. April 22 M. E. Frank E. Sleej)er, G. H. P., made his official visit. Li his report, he said: I visited Bradford Chapter at Auburn. Three candidates were exalted. The chapter has done a large amount of work during the year, and I judge from the specimens of skill exhibited at the time of my visit, it has been well done. June 3, 1884, the following officers were elected: J. F. Atwood, H. P.; C. E. Libby, King; H. G. Foss, Scribe; E. G. Heath, C. of H. ; L. O. Brackett, P. S. ; L. W. Haskell, R. A. C.; Geo. C^ Wing, Treas.; L. Linn Small, Sec. They were installed July 1 by W. F. Lord, P. H. P., assisted by A. M. Penley, P. H. P., as Marshal. September 2 resolutions were adopted in memory of Comp. Warren Ward, who died August 1, 1884. February 3, 1885, resolutions were reported to the memory of Comp. Charles E. Smith, who died November 15, 1884. March 31, 1885, M. E. Frank E. Sleeper, G. IL P., made his official visit. Li his report, he said: March 31, I visited Bradford Chapter at Aubm-n. The Royal Arch degree was conferred in accordance with the standard ritual, and in a very correct manner. The High Priest Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 221 and several of his companions are thorough ritualists, and have labored hard to bring the work to a high state of proficiency in which they have well succeeded. The records are nicely kept, and the chapter is prospering. June 2, 1885, these officers were elected: C. E. Libby, H. P.; H. G. Foss, King; E. G. Heath, Scribe; L. O. Brackett, C. H. ; L. W. Haskell, P. S.; H. W. Hutchins, R. A. C. ; Geo. (-. Wing, Treas. ; L. Linn Small, Sec. July 16 the officers were installed by M. E. J. F. Atwood, P. H. P., assisted by W. F. Lord as Marshal. August 4 resolutions were adopted on the death of Conip. Ansel L. Lombard. February 19, 1886, R. E. Henry R. Taylor, D. D. G. H. P. made his official visit. In his report he said: "I visited Bradford Royal Arch Chapter at Auburn, and witnessed work in the R. A. degree, which was very correctly done." June 1, 1886, were elected : H. G. Foss, H. P. ; E. G. Heath, King; Geo. C. Wing, Treas.; L. Linn Small, Sec. July 6 the officers were installed by M. E. Chas E. Libby, assisted by Ex. A. M. Roak as G. C. of H. February 8, 1887, R. PI Chas I. Collamore, Grand Scribe, made his official visit. In his report he said: "At Auburn I saw the R. A. degree conferred. The work was performed in an impressive manner. This chapter is in good condition." March 1 resolutions were presented on the death of Comp. Jacob Robie. June 7 the following were elected: E. G. Heath, H. P.; H. Wesley Hutchins, King; Henry H. Hanson, Scribe; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.; A. M. Roak, Sec. ; and July 5, they were installed by M. E. H. G. Foss, assisted by W. F. Lord as Grand Captain of Host. April 3, 1888, M. E. James M. Nevens, G. H. P., made his official visit and reported: April .3 I made my oflBcial visit to Bradford Chapter, and witnessed work in the R. A. degree. The officers were all new in their stations, and this was the first time that they had worked the degree, yet it was very well presented. June 5 the following were elected: H. Wesley Hutchins, H. P.; Henry H. Hanson, King; Geo. B. Attwood, Scribe; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.; A. M. Roak, Sec. July 3 the officers were installed by R. E. A. M. Penley, assisted by E. G. Heath as Grand C. of H. April 30, 1880, M. E. Geo. W. Goulding, G. H. P., made his official visit. In his report he said: Bradford Chapter, in the beautiful city of Auburn, was visited by me April 30. The Eoyal Arch degree was worked to my entire satisfaction. Twelve exaltations during the year with several applications pending will give an idea of its condition. June 5 were elected: Henry H. Hanson, H. P.; Geo. B. Attwood, King; E. H. Hutchins, Scribe ; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas. ; A. M. Roak, Sec. August 6 the officers were installed b}'^ R. E. A. M. Penley, assisted by Chas E. Libby as G. C. of A. March 4, 1890, R. E. Judson B. Dunbar, Grand Scribe, made an official visit. June 3 these officers were chosen: Geo. B. Attwood, H. P.; E. H.- Hutchins, King; L. O. Brackett, Scribe; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.; 222 History of Androscoggin County. A. M. Roak, Sec. They were installed July 1 by Henry H. Hanson, assisted by n. E. A. M. Penley as G. C. of H. The officers for 1891 are: E. H. Hutchins, H. P.; L. O. Brackett, King; E. L. Philoon, S. ; Geo. S. Woodman, Treas.; A. M. Roak, Sec; C. A. Ring, C. of H.; L. O. Morse, P. S. ; M. B. Watson, R. A. C; J. F. Atwood, A. M. Penley, D. W. Verrill, Finance Committee ; J. F. Atwood, Trustee. There is no more united or more flourishing body in a large region ; no better workers ; nor a band of brothers whose mutual strivings after excellence in masonic virtues have given more satisfactory results than has been the case with our highly favored brotherhood, and the prospect seems pleasant in the future. Auhurn Council Princes of Jerusalem was instituted at Masonic Hall under a dispensation granted April 12, 1888. There were 26 charter members : Fessenden I. Day, A. M. Penley, Horace C Little, Algernon M. Roak, Wm J. Burnham, John Garner, A. R. Savage, George C. Wing, H. W. Hutchins, T. J. Miller, Seth D. Wakefield, M. E. D. Bailey, Fred H. White, Charles H. Jumper, Frank H. Johnson, Wm Freeman Lord, C. E. Libby, Elbridge G. Heath, J. H. Foss, Frank L. Sleeper, Charles L. Cushman, Frank T. Faulkner, Joseph H. Stetson, John W. Ballon, D. P. Boynton, John B. Cotton. The first meeting was held June 28, 1888. The officers then appointed and elected are: Fessenden I. Day, M.-. E.-, S.-. P.-. Grand Master; Albert M. Penley, G.-. H.-. P.-. Deputy Grand Master; Horace C. Little, M.-. E.-. S.-. Grand Warden ; Algernon M. Roak, M.-. E.-. J.-. Grand Warden; William J. Burnham, Val. Grand Treas.; Elbridge G. Heath, Val. Grand Sec. K.-. of S.-. & A.-.; Albert R. Savage, Val. Grand M.-. of C.-. ; John B. Cotton, Val. (ira.nd Almoner ; Wm Freeman Lord, V.-. G.-. M.-. of E.-. ; Charles Libby, Grand tyler. The regular meetings of the council are held on the second Thursdays of January, April, July, and October, at Masonic Hall, Auburn. Regular meetings may be called by the Grand Master to meet on the second Thursday of any other month. November 9, 1888, the council was visited by Portland Council P. of J., which exemplified the work for the new council, and were entertained at a banquet provided at the Elm House. The number of members, March, 1891, was (36. iJichei/ Chapter^ I\rothers Stephen G. Marden, at Palermo, and W. H. B. Moore, F. C, at Rumford. August 11 attended the funeral of Bro. A. C. Pray of Tranquil Lodge. Annual meeting January 3, 1873. Twelve admitted to membership during the year. August 29 attended the funeral of IJro. J. Frank Pierce; December 23 that of Bro. John Neal. March G, 1874, attended the funeral of Rev. Uriah Balkam, a member of the lodge, buried with Masonic rites. April 27 a communication from the Grand Lodge received, ordering the altar and working tools of the lodge to be draped witli mourning for thirty days, as a token of respect to the two Past Grand Masters who had died during the year — Freeman Bradford and Jolni H. Lynde. June 24 assisted in the dedication of the new Masonic hall in Auburn. June 29 contributed -flOO to the Louisiana sufferers. August 24 contributed -^25 to Cambridge Lodge to aid in repairing its hall, damaged by a tornado. January 18, 1875, annual meeting. R. W. P\ancis T. Faulkner, 1). D. G. M., was present in an official capacity. Nine members have been admitted during the year. The able finance committee-men, who have so long served, are continued in office, and Bro. Wm J. Burnham continued trustee. June 14 granted permission to have a dispensation granted to Ancient Brothers Lodge to be formed in Auburn. November 18 the lodge votes its thanks to Bro. John N. Wood for the valuable Bible he has presented. January 2, 1876, a special communication was held in connection with Rabboni Lodge for the purpose of attending the funeral of Bro. (^eo. Hill, of Portland Lodge, No. 1. Annual meeting January 10. The treasurer reports the amount on hand to be $1,505.34, and the charity fund to be $1,441. 46. Eight members have been admitted during the year. March 6 a committee of seven was appointed to visit and supply watchers for sick brethren. March 20 the lodge was visited by R. W. F. T. Faulkner, ex-D. D. G. M., and R. W. F. E. Sleeper, I). D. G. M., of the Fourteenth Masonic District, and officially visited by R. W. F. I. Day, D. D. G. M. June 5 accepted an invitation from Ancient Brothers Lodge, U. D., Auburn, to attend the constituting and dedicating of that lodge. January 29, 1877, annual meeting. Number of members, 174. March 9 Bro. Geo. C. Leavitt died in Wilton. Lyman O. Goodwin died in Salem, Mass., July 30, 1877. January 14 annual meeting. R. W. R. Wesley Dunn, D. D. G. M., of the Twelfth Masonic District, was a visitant. The death of Bro. Geo. G. Carlton, at Denver, Col., was reported in February, 1878. Through the efforts of ladies interested in Masonry, who furnished the most of its cost, an organ was bought and S. D. Wood made organist. The officers for 1879 were installed publicly, January 20, by R. W. Archie L. Talbot, D. G. M., installing officer, assisted by R. W. Wm J. Burnham as Grand Marshal. June 2 accepted the invitation to attend the Masonic celebration at Portland, 226 History of Androscoggin County. June 24, which was attended, and a fine time enjoyed. June 30 the thanks of the lodge is voted to several benefactors. November 23 a connnunication was received from the (Irand Master of the Grand Lodge announcing the death of R. W. Bro. Moses Dodge, Grand Treasurer. January 26, 1880, annual meeting. Nine members joined daring the year. Installation February 23, 1880, was conducted by R. W. Archie L. Talbot, D. D. G. M., assisted by Wor. Milton J. Loring, W. M., of Ancient Brothers Lodge, Auburn, as Grand Marshal. April 26 the funeral of Bro. Elbridge L. Flagg was attended. 1881 — annual meeting January 10; 172 members reported. The officers were publicly installed, February 14, by R. W. Charles R. Whitten, D. 1). G. M., installing officer, assisted by R. W. Archie Lee Talbot, J. G. W. The ceremonies were succeeded, as has been usual on such occasions, by a bountiful banquet. February 10 a special communication was called to attend the funeral of W. Bro. Augustus Callahan, one of the ablest and most honored members of the lodge, who had done great service in various official positions on the finance committee, and as trustee of the Masonic Association. July 20 the lodge attended the funeral of Bro. L N. Parker. October 31 a contribution was sent to the sufferers from the forest fires in Michigan. January 2, 1882, annual meeting. Membership, 179; admitted during the year, six; died, two — A. Callahan and Geo. W. Farr. January 5, 1883, attended the funeral services of Bro. Simon W. Miller. January 22 annual meeting; 186 members reported. The finance committee report the lodge entirely out of debt with a balance on hand. Public installation of officers February 26, by R. W. A. M. Roak, D. D. G. M., who, April 16, officially visited the lodge. Wm Skelton and Samuel W. Kilvert, charter members, and John Jones died this year. 1884 — January 7, annual meeting; 191 members. March 5 Masonic funeral of Bro. Wm Sheehan. May 23 occurred the last rites over the body of Bro. H. H. Dickey, P. J. G. W. of the Grand Lodge, a charter member, conducted by M. W. Josiah H. Drummond, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge. To his earnest labors much of the prosperity of the lodge is due. 1885 — annual meeting January 26. The lodge voted to purchase crayon portraits of Past Masters H. H. Dickey and Augustus Callahan. Number of members, 201. April 13 R. W. N. U. Hinkley, D. D. G. M., made an official visit. Masonic burial services conducted February 7, 1886, over the remains of Bro. George Washburn. February 18 an official visit made by R. W. Lyman L. Jones, D. D. G. M. April 4, 1887, R. W. Geo. S. Woodman, D. D. G. M., made an official visit. Officers installed publicly, February 15, 1888, by M. W. F. E. Sleeper, Grand Master. August 26 a special communication was called to bury Bro. Arthur Sands with Masonic ceremonies. This year the trustees increased the amount of crockery so as to seat 100 guests. This crockery is made for the lodge, and each piece is stamped with its name. June 23 the lodge conducted the funeral services of Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 227 Bro. George A. Haynes. 1890 — officers: Albert Ring, W. M. ; Henry A. Torsey, S. W. ; Frank A. Johnson, J. W.; R. C, Pingree, Treas. ; Fred I. Morrell, Sec. ; Wm J. Burnham,Chap. ; W. F. Wood, Marshal ; A. M. Edwards, S. D.; H. A. Free, J. D.; E. P. lirett, S. S.; J. F. Pickermg, J. S.; Wm Stevens, Tyler. Installed publicly, February 3, by R. W. F. I. Day, P. (i. M. of the (Irand Lodge. During tlie installation of Bro. Wm J. Burnham the installing officer presented to him on behalf of the lodge an elegant Past Master's jewel " as a slight token of their appreciation, and as a memento of the occasion of his twentieth appointment as chaplain." Granville L. Cobb was buried with Masonic ceremonies in February. April 20 the lodge conducted the funeral rites of Bro. G. Henry Jordan, of Lisbon, a member of this lodge. June 24 the lodge attended the Masonic celebration at Portland. June 2 George A. Callahan, having been appointed Grand Standard Bearer of the Grand Lodge, was duly installed by the W. M. Bro. Geo. I. Avery died at Lisbon in July. October 19 the lodge attended the funeral of Bro. Linneus Cheetham. 1891 — annual meeting January 19; present membership 189; charity fund $2,191.41; lodge fund 11,647.50. Officers, 1891: Albert Ring, W. M. ; H. A. Torsey, S. W. ; Frank H. Johnson, J. W.; R. C. Pingree, Treas.; P>ed I. Morrell, Sec; Wm J. Burnham, Chap.; Wm F. Wood, S. D.; E. P. Brett, J. D.; J. F. Pickering, S. S.; Geo. W. Belt, J. S.; Wm Stevens, Tyler. During the thirty years of its existence Ashlar Lodge has admitted 319 members, and ever been in the front rank of Masonic lodges in the state. Its membership has embraced leading citizens, and its management has been in wise and conservative hands. Its finances have been carefully looked after, and, although many generous donations to worthy objects and brethren have been made, they speak well for the committee having them in charge. Commencing a new decade of life with nearly 200 members and in prosperous circumstances, its future promises to be as useful as has been its past. The masters have been J. P. Gill, H. H. Dickey, W. J. Burnham, I. G. Curtis, Denison Harden, I. C. Downes, A. E. Frost, W. W. Sanborn, George H. Benson, F. B. Sands, J. H. Fisher, J. Q. A. Jumper, Fred I. Morrell, Hiram Morrell, C. H. Jumper, Albert Ring. The trustees of the lodge in the Masonic Association from the first have been Wm J. Burnham, H. H. Dickey, F. B. Sands. R. C. Pingree has been treasurer since 1873 when he succeeded H. H. Dickey. Rahhoni Lodge., No. 150., F. ^ A. M., had its origin in a petition signed by F'. Bradford, A. Callahan, J. Pearson Gill, H. H. Dickey, Thomas Tash, F. O. Sands, S. W. Butterfield, Chas A. Coombs, David Cowan, A. K. P. Knowlton, F. I. Day, Peter Morriscy, T. H. Longley, W. W. Sanborn, Geo. I. Parker, J. K. Piper, John M. Small, Isaac R. Knowlton, Milan Graves, T. M. Varney, Chas Millett, James Wrigley, F. P. Weymouth, Geo. H. Benson, A. F. Sanborn, C. O. Freeman, Chas A. Norcross, J. W. Perkins, John Given, Thos 228 History of Androscoggin County. B. Norris, E. P. Tobie, Jr, John N. Wood, John W. Farwell, O. S. Brown, H. H. Williams, Geo. O. Durgin, Kicliard Skelton, and A. N. Tracy, which Ashlar Lodge gave the petitioners leave to present to the Grand Master, December 28, 1868. The petitioners asked for a dispensation to allow them to meet as a Masonic lodge at Lewiston, on the Wednesday succeeding the full moon of eacli month, under the name of Rahhoni Lodne, and recommended Bro. David Cowan for the first Master, Bro. A. K, P. Knowlton for S. W., and Bro. Fessenden I. Day for J. W. The D. D. G. M. recom- mended that the prayer of the petitioners be granted, and the G. M. granted a dispensation, dating from December 28, 1868. Charter Members. — David Cowan, A. K. P. Knowlton, Fessenden I. Day, Thomas Tash, C. A. Coombs, T. M. Varney, George I. Parker, F. P. Weymouth, T. H. Longley, J. K. Piper, Chas O. Freeman, Isaac K. Knowlton, Frank O. Sands, Alonzo F. Sanborn, James Wrigley, Chas H Millett, Geo. O. Durgin, Thos B. Norris, John W. Farwell, Peter Morriscy, Richard Skelton, Chas A. Norcross, Milan Graves, H. H. Richardson, Daniel P. Atwood, M. T. Ludden, John Given. The first stated meeting was held December 30, 1868. The full list of officers is: David Cowan, W. M. ; A. K. P. Knowlton, S. W. ; Fessenden I. Day, J. W.; Thomas Tash, Treas.; C.A. Coombs, Sec; T. M. Varney, S. D. ; George I. Parker, J. D. ; F. P. Weymouth, S. S. ; T. H. Longley, J. S. ; Augus- tus Callahan, Chap. ; D. Harding, Tyler. The preliminary meetings were held in what are now the editorial rooms of the Lewiston Journal. Arrangements were soon made with Ashlar Lodge, and meetings held in the hall in the upper story of 27 Lisbon street. September 22, 1869, the lodge sent a contribution to the building fund of the Masonic Temple in Washington, D. C, and appointed a committee to arrange for the use of the new Masonic Hall, which they occupied January 1, 1870. February 9, 1870, a special communication was held to consecrate and constitute Rabboni Lodge, No. 150, and install its officers for the term. They were: David Cowan, W. M. ; A. K. P. Knowlton, S. W.; Fessenden I. Day, J. W.; Thomas Tash, T.; C. A. Coombs, S.; M. T. Ludden, Chap. April 20, 1870, the lodge accepted the act of incorporation of the Masonic Board of Trustees, and became parties to the contract. Septem- ber 28 occurred the installation of officers : A. K. P. Knowlton, W. M. ; F. I. Day, S. W.; T. M. Varney, J. W.; D. Cowan, Chap. ; C. A. Coombs, Sec. January 11, 1871, Charles O. Freeman was buried at Minot Corner with Masonic rites. April 12, 1871, E. H. C'ummings was chosen proxy for the lodge at the Grand Lodge. September 11, 1871, these officers were elected: A. K. P. Knowlton, W. M.; F. I. Day, S. W. ; G. I. Parker, J. W. ; Thomas Tash, T.; H. N. Emery, Sec; F. O. Sands, C. A. Coombs, Ai Brooks, Jr, Finance Com- mittee. October 31 a funeral was conducted, that of J. K. Piper. January 10, 1872, Albert N. Tracy was buried, and F. O. Sands (a charter member, agent Lewiston Mills,) July 3, 1872. Annual election September 18, 1872. The Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 229 new officers were : F. I. Da}^ W. M. ; F. P. Weymouth, S. W.; T. H. Longley, J. W. ; Thomas Tash, Treas. (superintendent of Lewiston schools); H. N. Emery, Sec. The officers elected September 10, 1873, were the same except H. E. Morriscy, chosen J. W. June 24 the lodge joined in the dedication services of the new Masonic Hall in Auburn. Officers for 1874-5: H. E. Morriscy, W. M. ; E. V. Daly, S. W. ; O. G. Douglass, J. W. ; Cyrus Greely, Treas.; H. N.Emery, Sec; John Garner, Chaplain; Wm D. Pennell, Marshal; Fred Kelly, S. D.; Horace C. Little, J. D. Alba C. Nichols died at Lancaster, N. H., in November. September 15, 1875, were elected: George G. Hartwell, W. M.; E. V. Daly, S. W.; O. G. Douglass, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas.; H. N. Emery, Sec; Fessenden I. Day, A. K. P. Knowlton, L. E. Timberlake, Finance Committee; A. K. P. Knowlton, representative to the Grand Lodge. Septem- ber 6, 187(3, George G. Hartwell was chosen W. M. ; O. G. Douglass, S. W. ; Fred Kelly, J. W.; C. Greely, Treas.; H. N. Emery, Sec. The finance com- mittee was continued. June 26, 1877, the funeral of I>ro. John Thompson was attended. September 26, 1877, were elected: Oscar G. Douglass, W. M.; Fred Kelly, S. W.; F. W. Parker, J. W.; C. Greely, Treas.; L. E. Timberlake, Sec The first public installation and banquet of the lodge occurred October 18, 1877. December 26 the death of C. F. Ranks was reported. The officers elected in September, 1878, were: O. G. Douglass, W. M. ; Fred Kelly, S. W. ; F. W. Parker, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas. ; Lewis Garner, Sec ; F. I. Day, A. K. P. Knowlton, George G. Hartwell, Finance Committee. Installation November 13. June 21 assisted in laying the corner-stone of Trinity (Episcopal) Chapel, also voted to attend St John's Day celebration, at Portland, in full Masonic dress. Officers elected in 1879 and 1880 were : Fred Kelly, W. M. ; Frank W. Parker, S. W. ; Albert S. Plummer, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas. ; Lewis Garner, Sec. H. H. Richardson, of Livermore, a charter member, and ex-city marshal of Lewiston, died in October, 1879. Nathan Woodbury was chaplain, and held the position, from 1880, for many years. In 1881 and 1882 the officers were: Frank W. Parker, W. M. ; A. S. Plummer, S. W. ; Frank L. Hoyt, J. W. ; V. Greely, Treas. ; Eugene E. Ham, Secretary. October 11, 1881, attended the funeral services of Rrother George A. Chandler. September 23 was buried M. T. Ludden, a charter member, a prominent lawyer, and ex-mayor of Lewiston. September 19, 1883, were elected: Albert S. Plummer, W. M. ; F. L. Hoyt, S. W. ; C. V. Emerson, J. W. ; C. (Treely, Treas. ; E. E. Ham, Sec September 10, 1884, the same officers elected. November 2 attended the funeral of T. J. Ridley, of King David Lodge, Taunton, Mass. April 19, 1885, attended funeral of Wm F. Goulding ; July 25, 1885, that of Alonzo F. Sanborn. Officers elected in 1885 and in 1886 were: F. L. Hoyt, W. M.; C. V. Emerson, S. W. ; E. K. Smith, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas.; E. E. Ham, Sec; and November 3, 1885, occurred the second public installation of officers. December 30, 1886, a large 230 History of Androscoggin County. number of members and visitors witnessed the conferring of the degrees upon Daniel H. Day by his father, M. W. Fessenden I. Day, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maine, assisted by other officers of the Grand Lodge. April 10, 1887, David Cowan (a charter member, past master, a mayor of Lewiston) was buried with the honors of Masonry, M. W. Fes- senden I. Day, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge, conducting the services. The officers elected in 1887 were: C. V. Emerson, W. M. ; E. K. Smith, S. W.; D. B. Stevens, J. W. ; C. Greely, Treas. ; E. E. Ham, Sec. The next year no change occurred except G. F. Turner was chosen secretary. The third public installation occurred October 25, 1887. S. C. Wyman and Daniel Allen died in 1888. September 26 a contribution was made to the suffering brethren in Florida. Officers elected in 1889 and in 1890: E. K. Smith, W. M.; D. B. Stevens, S. W.; W. H. Judkins, J. W.; C. Greely, Treas.; George F. Turner, Sec; N. Woodbury, Chap. The lodge visited Portland June 24, 1890. This lodge, though young in years, lias a good record, and has many promi- nent citizens on its rolls. It has now (April 15, 1891,) a membership of 165, is prosperous, and owns its portion of Masonic Hall, which is paid for. During the last Masonic year it has admitted thirteen members, and conferred the third degree on 11 candidates. Kegular meetings are held Wednesday evening after the full moon. Kinfi Hiram Chapter, No. 9, R. A. M., Lewiston.'^ — In pursuance of a petition presented to Timothy Chase, Grand High Priest of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Maine, signed by Comps. Alonzo Andrews, Thurston Libby, William White, Levi Bates, Albert H. Kelsey, George Moore, Samuel Soule, J. W. Littlefield, Samuel B. Hutchins, and Joseph Covell, a dispensation was granted November 28, 1854, instituting King Hiram Chapter. Alonzo Andrews Avas appointed Most Excellent High Priest; Thurston Libby, King; and William White, Scribe. At this time but eight chapters held charters in Maine, and but two had been constituted since 1829. These were at Portland, Brunswick, Wiscasset, Gardiner, Saco, Bangor, Belfast, and Rockland. The territorial limits of King Hiram Chapter extended north to Canada, west and south half way to Brunswick and Portland, and east to the jurisdiction of Gardiner. The first meeting of the new chapter was held December 15, 1854, at the house of Comp. Thurston Libby, in Lewiston, for organization. Comps. Andrews, Libby, White, Bates, Kelsey, Hutchins, and Covell were present, and the organization was perfected with these officers: M. E. Alonzo Andrews, H. P.; Thurston Libby, E. K. ; Wm White, E. S. ; A. H. Kelsey, Treas.; George Moore, C. H.; Levi Bates, P. S. ; S. B. Hutchins, R. A. C; Joseph Covell, M. 3d v.; Samuel Soule, M. 2d V.; J. W. Litchfield, M. 1st V. The chapter met December 22 at the office of the Bates corporation, where petitions for 1 Chiefly condensed from the history written by George A. Callahan, P. H. P. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 231 membership were received from Thos C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, George Webb, Robert H. Hose, Jos. P. Gill, and John G. Cook, who were elected. The chapter was incorporated by the legislature March 1, 1855. January 19, 1855, the first meeting was held in the hall of the DeWitt House, which was occupied until the one in Journal Block was leased in 1862. At this meeting the first work was done, Thos C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, Geo. Webb, Robert H. Rose, J. Pearson Gill, and John G. Cook being advanced to the degree of M. M. M. January 2(3 the P. M. degree was conferred, Bros. Reuel Washburn, Uriah Balkam, and Augustus Callahan being present as visitors. February 2 the M. M., P. M., and M. E. M, degrees were conferred, the first time the latter one was worked. February 16 the R. A. degree was first con- ferred, the candidates being Thos C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, Robert H. Rose, J. Pearson Gill, and John G. Cook. The chapter asked for a charter, and June 15 the chapter was duly con- stituted by the Most Excellent Puissant General Grand High Priest of the General Grand Chapter of the United States, Robert P. Dunlap, under the charter granted May 3. At this meeting the following were elected members : Thomas C. Upton, Augustus Callahan, Robert H. Rose, Joseph P. Gill, George Webb, Geo. L. Drinkwater, Thomas F. Lamb, Robert Blacker, Samuel H. Wilson, Thomas A. D. Fessenden, Jacob Herrick, Wm Skelton, Geo. W. Chase, John G. Cook. These officers were elected: Alonzo Andrews, H. P.; Thurston Libby, K.; Joseph Co veil, S.; Joseph P. Gill, C. H. ; Augustus Callahan, P. S.; Thomas C. Upton, R. A. C; S. H. Wilson, M. 3d V.; Robert H. Rose, M. 2d v.; John G. Cook, M. 1st V.; A. H. Kelsey, Treas. ; Geo. L. Drinkwater, Sec; Robert Blacker, Chap.; T. A. D. Fessenden, S. S.; Thomas F. Lamb, J. S.; Geo. Webb, Tyler. June 6, 1856, the annual convocation was held. The chapter had now exalted 18 companions. During the second year four companions were exalted. At the annual session of the Grand Chapter, May 5, 1857, M. E. Alonzo Andrews was elected Deputy Grand High Priest, Comp. J. P. Gill Grand Captain of the Host, and Comp. Joseph Covell Grand Master of the 3d Vail. Li 1857 two valuable companions removed from Lewiston, Comp. Andrews, P. H. P., and C. C. Niebuhr, Sec. At the Grand Chapter in May, 1858, Comp. Joseph Covell was appointed Grand Master of the 3d V^ail, and Comp. J. P. Gill Grand Captain of the Host. March 18, 1859, the death of Comp. Wm White was announced, and the committee appointed to draft resolutions were also directed to prepare resolutions on the death of Comp. Alonzo Andrews, to whom was preeminently due the erection of King Hiram Chapter. January 6, 1860, a preamble and resolutions in memory of the late M. E. Robert P. Dunlap was received from Mount Vernon R. A. Chapter of Portland, and appropriate action was taken. The chapter was represented at the Grand Chapter by A. Callahan, J. G. Cook, and I. E. Libby. Comp. Covell was made a member 232 History of Androscoggin County. of the finance committee, chairman of committee on grievances and appeals, and Grand Master of the 3d Vail. Comp. A. Callahan was appointed on the committee on warrants and dispensations. October 26, 1860, it was voted to grant the use of the chapter rooms to Ashlar Lodge for six months, free of charge. February 22, 1861, the death of Isaac H. Weston was announced. At the Grand Chapter Comps. Gill, Libby, and Joseph Covell were present. June 24, 1862, the chapter participated in the Masonic Centennial celebration at Portland. July 22 a dispensation was granted to confer the degrees upon Colonel N. J. Jackson in less time than required by law. October 31 it voted to rent the hall in Journal Block in connection with Ashlar Lodge. January 30, 1863, a committee was appointed to revise the by-laws. May 29 the death of Comp. Alvarez V. Teague was announced. Comps. Gill and Thurston Libby represented the chapter in the Grand Chapter, and Comp. Covell was Grand Master of the 3d Vail and mem- ber of the finance committee. October 23, 1863, it was voted to grant the free use of the hall to Dunlap Council, R. & S. M. December 18 voted to purchase the organ with Ashlar Lodge. January 22, 1864, A. J. Fuller, D. G. H. P., officially visited the chapter and reported : This chapter is in fine condition and tlie work was well done ; it is well fitted with regalia, the officers appeared perfectly familiar with their several duties, and the revised work is strictly adhered to. This chapter is doing a fine work and making valuable acquisitions to its members. From the known ability of its officers its success is sure. March 18, 1864, the fees were raised from 't26 to 135. In the Grand Chap- ter, Comps. J. P. Gill and H. H. Dickey represented the chapter, while Comp. Covell was one of the grand officers. This year was one of great prosperity; 14 members were admitted and 18 companions exalted. The finances were placed on a solid basis, which has continued to the present. The total mem- bership is 48. June 24, 1864, 26 membei-s represented the chapter at the Masonic celebration at Livermore Falls. January 13, 1865, voted to pay -^15 towards a new altar. At the Grand Chapter convocation Comp. J. P. Gill was Grand R. A. Captain, Comp. H. H. Dickey Grand Steward, and Comp. Covell elected member of finance committee. The Grand Hiffh Priest said in his address: "April 5 I officially visited King Hiram IL A. Chapter, Lewiston. It is in fine condition and the work was well done." This year 26 members were admitted. June 9, 1865, action was taken toward the establishment of a board of trustees or directors for the general business management of all the Masonic bodies in the city. The chapter was represented in the Grand Chapter by Comp. Aug. Callahan, H. P., appointed (irand Master of the 3d Vail p-o tern, Comp. H. H. Dickey Grand Steward, and Comp. J. P. Gill, Grand Captain of the Host. This year 13 brothers received the M. M. degree, 11 passed the Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 233 chair, 14 received and acknowledged M. E. M., and 14 exalted, 15 signed the by-laws, two were dimitted, and 1 deceased.^ July 6, 186G, the chapter donated $100 for the best interest of the Royal Arch Masons in Portland, sufferers of the late fire. At the session of the Grand Chapter, May, 1867, King Hiram Chapter had M. E. Wm J. Burnham, H. P.; H. H. Dickey, K.; A. L. Dresser, proxy for Scribe; Coinp. J. P. Gill was chosen Grand Scribe ; Comp. Burnham appointed Grand Chaplain, and Comp. Dickey appointed on Committee on Credentials. The number of members is now 90, 11 being received this year, three dimitted, and two deceased. Petitions being received from Bethel and South Paris, asking recommendations for the creation of R. A. charters at these places, in December, 1867, it was voted to recommend the granting of a dispensation to the petitioners from Bethel. At the yearly session of the Grand Chapter, Wm J. Burnham, T. M. Varney, D. Harden, and Jos. P. Gill, Grand Scribe, repre- sented King Hiram Chapter. J. P. Gill was elected D. G. H. P., and T. M. Varney appointed Grand Steward. The membership is now 102. Comp. Albert H, Small died July 28, 1868, "a valued and respected officer," and September 28 died Comp. T. A. D. Fessenden, one of the prominent members and a Mason of much influence. At the annual convoca- tion of the Grand Chapter were present: R. E. Joseph P. Gill, D. G. H. P. ; M.E.Theodore M. Varney, Grand Steward; Dennison Harden, King; and H. H. Dickey, proxy for Scribe. J. P. Gill was elected Grand High Priest. October 8, 1869, it was decided to place the funds of the chapter in the hands of the Board of Masonic Trustees. January 14, 1872, it was voted to purchase a photograph album and to request each member to furnish his photograph. M. E. J. P. Gill, G. H. P., presided over the Grand Chapter at the annual convocation, where Carlos Nudd represented this chapter. The G. H. P. reports: " King Hiram Chapter adds to its former reputation. Much to the credit of the presiding and all its officers, it can be said that it is in better working condition than ever before." The number of members is 117. During the year 24 petitions for degrees have been received, and one for membership, live petitions for degrees were rejected, 18 were advanced to the degree of M. M., 15 passed the chair, 16 were received as M. E. M., 15 ^Vere exalted, two died, and two were dimitted. November 11, 1870, the chapter granted consent to the formation of Androscoggin Chapter at Canton. February 10, 1871, M. E. Stephen J. Young, G. H. P., visited the chapter officially and witnessed work in the R. A. degree. April 11 the deaths of C'omps. Edw. Bisbee and Edw. G. Hawkes were announced. Clothing and paraphernalia of consideral)le expense were iComp. Joseph Covell died at Prince Edward Island, March 7, 1S6G, while American consul. He was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter at Augusta, about 1850. His zeal as a Royal Arch Mason was unwearied; and, though residing for several years fifty miles from his chapter, he seldom neglected to attend its regular meetings. He was elected High Priest of King Hiram Chapter in 1858. 234 History of Androscoggin County. provided this year, enabling the degrees to be presented in a manner much superior to previous efforts. The chapter sent to the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter: Carlos Nudd, H. P.; C. A. Coombs, K.; and F. T. Faulkner, S. M. E. Carlos Nudd was appointed G. M. 1st V. The number of members is now 132. Comp. T. B. Rowell removed from Maine early in 1871, and Comp. David Cowan performed the duties of the G. of H. for the year. This year Comp. Thurston Libby, P. H. P., a charter member, died. Number of members, 134. In the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter this chapter had as members Comps. Isaac G. Curtis and Francis T. Faulkner. R. E. D. G. H. P. J. W. Ballou in his report says: I visited King Hiram Chapter aud witnessed the conferring of the Royal Arch degree in a very intelligent and creditable manner by the scribe, acting as high priest. By a combination of circumstances entirely unusual, the high priest had been called away to another state, and the king to a distant part of our own state, leaving the onerous work pertaining to the work and general management of the chapter to the scribe, Comp. Francis T. Faulkner. And while the companions of King Hiram Chapter cannot but deplore the loss of two such valuable officers as the high priest and king, still they may as well congratulate themselves upon their sagacity and good fortune in electing an officer so eminently fit for the important duties required of him as the present acting high priest. September 13, 1872, the chapter recommended the organization of Union Chapter at Mechanic Falls. The Grand King, R. E. Henry L, Paine, officially visited the chapter March 14, 1873. He reports witnessing " work in the R. A. degree, excellently well performed." At the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter M. E. F. T. Faulkner was appointed Grand Steward. Number of members, 144. June 13, 1873, thanks were voted to the retiring H. P. Comp. F. T. Faulkner " for the marked interest he has taken in the chapter, and the highly creditable manner in which he has performed the work and duties of the chair." Although residing 12 miles from Lewiston he was present at every convocation except one. December 12 the chapter was officially visited by Horace H. Burbank, G. IT. P. Work was done in the R. A. degree. Seventy- one companions were present, representing 12 chapters. In 1874 permission was asked for a chapter at Auburn, which was granted with a recommendation in favor thereof to the Grand Chapter. At the annual convocation of Grand Chapter Comp. G. A. Callahan was appointed G. M. of 1st V. pro frrn. Comp. F. T. Faulkner, (r. S., was present. This chapter was represented also by S. Stone and F. E. Sleeper. June 12, 1874, there were 140 members in the chapter. January 8, 1875, the chapter was visited officially by M. E. Horace H. Burbank, G. H. P., who reported: "In the presence of 95 members and visitors the officers of King Hiram Chapter exhibited excellent Royal Arch degree work. ... I am confident that no superior work can be presented in our jurisdiction." This year the chapter was represented by Comps. Geo. A. Callahan, H. P. ; A. W. Larrabee, proxy for K. ; F. E. Sleeper, S. Comp. F. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 235 T. Faulkner was elected Grand Scribe, G. A. Callahan appointed Grand Steward, and Comps. R. E. Paine, E. P. Burnham, and G. A. Callahan were appointed on the standing committee on history. Twenty years' work under the charter expired with the annual convocation, June 11, 1875. Uninterrupted prosperity has marked the whole period. There are now 140 members, a noble hall, well fitted up, a good financial condition, and a harmony and interest in the work unexcelled by any chapter in the state. November 12 the revision and printing of the by-laws was ordered. Comp. F. T. Faulkner, G. S., and A. K. P. Knowlton, H. P., attended the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter. Frank E. Sleeper, K., was representative in 187(3 to the Grand Chapter and was made Grand Steward. Comp. F. T. Faulkner, G. S., was in attendance and chosen Grand King. F. E. Sleeper and A. W. Larrabee attended the Grand Chapter in 1877, where Comp. Sleeper was reappointed G. S. During the year two brothers received the M., P., and M. E. M. degrees, three were exalted, one was dimitted, and one died; 139 members. A. Callahan, Wm J. Burnham, Wm D. Pennell, John Given, Geo. A Callahan were appointed a committee on history in 1878. At the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter there were present Comps. F. E. Sleeper and A. W. Larrabee. Comp. Sleeper was elected Grand Scribe. During the year two candidates received all the degrees and two were dimitted ; 140 members. The chapter was represented in the Grand Chapter, in 1879, by Comps. H. H. Dickey, C. H. Jumper, L. E. Timberlake. Comp. Sleeper was re-elected G. S. The first quarter of a century of the chapter under charter expired June 11, 1880, when 143 were in active membership. During the past year three candidates received the degrees, one member died, and one was dimitted. At the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter were present Comps. H. H. Dickey, C. H. Jumper, L. E. Timberlake, and F. E. Sleeper. The annual con- vocation was held June 10, 1881. No work wa^ done during the past year; two petitions were received for degrees and one for membership; three were dimitted, and one, Augustus Callahan,' died; members, 141. The expense of iM. E. Augustus Callahan, P. H. P., died February 16, 1881. He was born in Andover, Mass., April 12, 1815, and resided there until 1847, when he removed to Lewiston. His business was woolen manufacturing, and he was accounted skillful. .January 19, 1848, he became a Mason in Tranquil Lodge. He was elected Worshipful Master in December, 184'.>, He occupied the East until January 21, 1852, to the entire satisfaction of the lodge. January 11, 1854, he was again elected and occupied the East from that time until 1858. He was not a charter member of Ashlar Lodge, being away when it was constitiited, but became a member October 6, 1862. He was one of the first candidates in King Hiram Chapter, his petition being received at the first meeting. He was elected High Priest in 1859, 18G0, and 1865. During a short residence in Vassalboro he dimitted, and was elected High Priest of Dunlap Chapter, at China, but again became a member of King Hiram Chapter on his return. He was an officer of the chapter from the first election until his death (with the exception of the time when dimitted), being chaplain and chairman of the finance committee at the time of decease. He was among the first members of Dunlap Council, and was Thrice Illustrious Master. He was one of the early members of Lewiston Commandery, Eminent Commander of that body in 1871, and later, 236 History of Androscoggin County. the chapter in furnishing the Masonic hall, was #700. The chapter was repre- sented in the Grand Chapter by A. W. Larrabee, L. E. Timberlake, E. E. Pomeroy, and R. E. Frank E. Sleeper, D. G. H. P. Annual convocation, June 8, 1882. Seventeen candidates received the degrees in the past year and one was dimitted, making now 158 members. The Grand Chapter this year made Comp. H. E. Morriscy Grand Steward and re-elected F. E. Sleeper Grand High Priest. The year opened June 8, 1883, with 162 members. During the year M. E. F. E. Sleeper officiated as Grand High Priest with great satisfaction to the fraternity. He accomplished the revision of the ritual and its excellence must be largely attributed to him and his able assistant, Comp. A. W. Larrabee. M. E. F. E. Sleeper, G. H. P., presided at the annual convocation of the Grand Chapter in 1884, and was re-elected ; Comp. A. W. Larrabee was G. C. of H.; C-omp. D. B. Stevens was G. M. of 3d Vail ; Comp. Larrabee was appointed Grand Lecturer, and Comp. Callahan Grand Steward. This year died Comp. H. H. Dickey, P. H. P.,'^ a most valued member and earnest and faithful worker, whose life and character gave emphasis to Masonic principles, and March 13, 1885, the chapter voted to act in conjunction with Ashlar Lodge in procuring crayon portraits of Comp. Augustus Callahan and Comp. H. H. Dickey, Past High Priests, for Masonic Hall. February 17, 1887, R. E. Henry R. Taylor, D. D. G. H. 1^., made an official visit. This year died Comps. Samuel E. May, David Cowan, Charles D. Starbird. Deaths in 1888 : March 27, Daniel Allen ; August 5, Arthur Sands; September 3, Jacob B. Ham. Frank E. Severance also died, date not given. June 13, 1890, officers chosen : G. W. Furbush, H. P.; E. K. Smith, K.; W. F. Wood, S.; Wm J. Burnham, Treas.; John F. Putnam, Sec; A. M. Edwards, C. of H.; H. B. Warner, P. S.; Samuel Hib- Prelate. He received the Order of the Red Cross of Constantine, May 5, 1875, was a charter member of Eusebius Conclave, and was its presiding officer at his decease. He was a charter member of Lew- iston Lodge of Perfection, holding the highest office in 1879 and 1880. He was a member of the Cliapter of Rose Croix, Princes of Jerusalem, and Maine Sovereign Consistory, S. P. R. S. o2°. He was I). D. CJ. M. in IS-W, held varioiis offices and appointments in the Grand Bodies, but always declined high honors. As a ritualist he probably had no sup«!rior. His knowledge was comprehensive and exact, and his attainments in Masonic jurisprudence and history were profound and accurate. He was imbued with the whole spirit of Masonry, and his words and actions were governed by that benign intluence. He was a firm believer in the Christian religion, and a constant attendant upon divine service. Ife was buried with Masonic honors by Ashlar Lodge. 2 Mr Dickey was born in Amherst, N. H., May 14, 181(1. He came to Lewiston in 1854, and com- menced business as a top-roll coverer in the basement of the Hill Mill. He afterward occupied a part of the red shop on Cross Canal, and then a fioor in Cowan's Mill. In ISOit he erected the shop on the river bank which has since l>een occupied by himself and sou William. He was school agent in the village district, while Lewiston was a town ; and in 1874 was mayor. He gave dignity to the office and an acceptable administration. He was a member of the Council of the Scottish rite of the 3."° of Masonry, and the only Mason in this vicinity who at that time had attained that distinction. Mr Dickey had been Master of Ashlar I>odge, High Priest of King Hiram Chapter, Master of Dunlap Council, Eminent Commander of Lewiston Commandery of Knights Templar, Junior Grand Warden and Grand Commander of the (Jrand Lodge of Maine, and Grand Commander of the Grand Com- mandery of Maine Knights Templar. He died in May, 1884. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 237 bert, R. A. C; H. G. Ripley, M. 3d V.; W. H. Judkins, M. 2d V.; E. F. Scruton, M. 1st V. This year died Nathan W. Dutton, Sullivan C. Andrews, G. Henry Jackson. The number of members April 1, 1891, was 173. The High Priests from organization have been Alonzo Andrews, Thurston Libby, Joseph Covell, Augustus Callahan, J. P. Gill, Augustus Callahan, Wm J. Burnham, T. M. Varney, Carlos Nudd, Francis T. Faulkner, Geo. A. Callahan, A. K. P. Knowlton, Frank E. Sleejjer, Henry H. Dickey, H. E. Morriscy, Charles H. Jumper, A.S. Plummer, I). I>. Stevens, F. L. Hoyt, Albert Ring, Frank H. Johnson, H. A. Torsey, (j. W. Furbush. Diinlap Council, Wo. arrell, was buried with Masonic rites. Officers chosen June 4: James N. Donham, \V. M. ; E. P. Ramsdell, S. W.; Harvey W. Burdin, J. W. ; F. S. French, S. D.; A. W. Roberts, J. D. Officers, 1888: James N. Donham, W. M.; E. P. Ramsdell, S. W.; F. S. French, J. W.; A. W. Roberts, S. D.; E. V. Stevens, J. D. June 8, 1889, elected E. P. Ramsdell, W. M.; Frank S. French, S. W. ; Albion W. Roberts, J. W.; E. V. Stevens, S. D.; W. H. French, J. D. July 27 attended the Masonic funeral of our cherished brother, Phillips Bradford, at Auburn. May 3, 1890, announcement was made of the death of Bro. C. A. Coombs. The lodge attended the Masonic celebration at Portland, accompanied by the Turner band. The officers elected June 28 were: E. P. Ramsdell, W. M.; F. S. French, S. W.; A. W. Roberts, J. W. ; Wm H. Downing, S. D. ; Wm H. French, J. D., and they were publicly installed August 23. October 25 the secretary was appointed to write the history of tlie lodge. January 13, 1891, the Masonic funeral of Bro. Benjamin Keen was attended at North Turner. The death of Bro. Rufus Prince was announced May 23, and since then have passed to the Grand Lodge above Charles A. Coombs and Henry Turner. The officers for 1891 are: E. P. Ramsdell, W. M. ; Frank S. French, S. W.; A. W. Roberts, J. W.; F. T. Faulkner, Treas.; S. D. Andrews, Sec; Wm H. Downing, S. D.; W. H. French, J. D.; H. C. Haskell, Mar.; S. D. Thomas, S. S.; Wm B. Bradford, J. S.; Wm L. Blake, Tyler. 250 History of Androscoggin County. The membership is now 100, scattered from Aroostook county to the Pacific coast. The lodge has been composed of the best possible material, of citizens eminent in intellectual and moral virtues, and has always held high place for its correct rendition of the "work," and the reports of the D. D. (Irand Masters concerning it have been uniformly highly eulogistic. It has been financially well conducted ; it owns its hall of three stories (the lower part is rented for -K^lOO per annum), and it has a fund of $1,200. F. T. Faulkner has been treasurer from 1865 excepting 1871-2-3-1, and S. D. Andrews has been secretary since 1868 except one year. Turner Royal Arch Chapter, No. Jfl-, Turner} — Those Masons who had received the Royal Arch degree, living in Turner and vicinity, being 12 miles from a chapter were practically deprived of the advantages pertaining to capitulary Masonry. There were other Master Masons who desired the degrees but did not feel able to go so far for them. So, after due consideration, it was decided to establish a chapter in Turner. Accordingly, on January 15,- 1876, the first meeting was held in Masonic Hall, Turner village, with these ofificers : M. E. Geo. W. Turner, H. P.; E. Carlos E. Kempton, K.; E. Jas A. Ridlon, S.; F. T. Faulkner, Sec. ; Chas Jones, C. H.; H. A. Ellis, P. S. ; J. H. Ellis, R. A. C; H. M. Pratt, M. 2d V.; S. H. Wilson, Sent. At this meeting the chapter received the petitions of ten candidates for the capitular degrees. Com- mittees were chosen to draft a code of by-laws, on chandeliers, wood, aprons, and repairs. A dispensation was read from M. E. Henry L. Paine, G. H. P. of the M. E. G. R. A. Chapter of the State of Maine, dated January 6, 1876, "to form and open a chapter of R. A. Masons in the town of Turner, by the name of Turner Chapter." This dispensation was granted to Comps. F. T. Faulkner, C. E. Kempton, Geo. W. Turner, Caleb Blake, H. C. Munson, Jas A. Ridlon, S. H. Wilson, Milton J. Loring, and C. E. Bradford, and Bradford R. A. Chapter, of Auburn, favored the dispensation. Geo. W. Turner was appointed to be the first High Priest; C. E. Kempton, King; and Jas A. Ridlon, Scribe. At the stated meeting, February 12, two petitions were received and nine candidates accepted. The committee on by-laws reported a code which was accepted. The M. M. Mason's degree was conferred on nine candidates. March 11 one application, and two candidates accepted. At a special meeting, April 1, the R. A. degree was first worked, and six were exalted. April 13 three candi- dates were exalted. At the stated meeting, April 15, the chapter voted to petition for a charter. April 29 three candidates were exalted. May 13 two petitions were received, also report made that the Grand Chapter had granted a charter. The following resolution was presented by Comp. H. C. Munson, and adopted: Whereas, We are greatly indebted to Companion Faulliner for bis persistent and suc- cessful efforts in establishing Turner Chapter of Royal Arch Masons; Resolved, That wo extend to him our heartiest thanks in recognition of bis interest in iRy S. D. Andrews. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 251 Masonry in general and in Turner Chapter in particular, and that our acknowledgment of indebtedness to him as a chapter be placed upon the secretary's book of records. At a special meeting, June 30, 1876, the chapter was duly constituted by M. E. Henry L. Paine, G. H. P., assisted by R. E. F. T. Faulkner, G. Scribe as D. G. H. P.; R. E. Joseph M. Hayes, G. King, as G. Scribe; Comp. J. W Ballou, P. G. H. P., as G. C. of H.; Comp. Charles Jones as G. R. A. C. Comp. Warren Phillips, G. Sent. The first officers under the charter were C. E. Kempton, H. P.; H. M. Pratt, K.; Philo Clark, S.; H. C. Haskell C. of H.; C. H. Thayer, P. S.; F. K. Jack, R. A. C; S. S. Merrill, M. 3d V. W. L. Loring, M. 2d V.; J. E. Ashe, M. 1st V.; S. D. Andrews, Treas.; F. T Faulkner, Sec; H. C. Munson, Chap.; Asa Bradford, S. S.; F. M. Loring, J. S. H. W. Humphrey, Sent. July 8 committees were appointed to procure a seal and on printing by-laws. June 30, 1877, election of officers : C. E. Kempton, H. P.; H. C. Haskell, K.; Philo Clark, Scribe; S. D. Andrews, Treas.; F. T. Faulkner, Sec; C. H. Thayer, C. of H.; F. K. Jack, P. S.; S. S. Merrill, R. A. C; W. L. Loring, M. MY. ; J. E. Ashe, M. 2d V.; P. C. Torrey, M. 1st V. Voted to invite F. T. Faulkner, Grand King, to install the officers-elect at the next stated meeting (July 28), which he did. October 27 three petitions for degrees. February 7, 1878, three candidates exalted. The official visit of R. E. Joseph M. Hayes, D. G. H. P., occurred this evening. There were many distinguished Masons present. Refreshments were served and a delightful evening passed. June 15, election of officers. August 17, officers installed by R. E. F. T. Faulkner. February 8, 1879, the death of Comp. C. E. Bradford was announced, and appropriate action was taken. He died January 22, in Massachusetts, where he was teaching. March 11 official visit of a grand officer; other distinguished members of the order were present. Sep- tember 6 officers installed. February 19, 1880, M. E. J. M. Hayes, G. H. P., witnessed work in M. M. M. degree. Remarks by Comps. Hayes, J. W. Ballou, and others. Refreshments were served. June 26 election of officers. September 25, 1880, two applica- tions for degrees; officers installed. February 19, 1881, official visit by R. E. Frank E. Sleeper, G. S. June 18 election of officers: H. C. Haskell, H. P.; S. D. Andrews, King; Philo Clark, Scribe; Henry Turner, Treas.; F. T. Faulkner, Sec; C. H. Thayer, C. of H.; S. S. Merrill, P. S.; W. L. Loring, R. A. C.; John E. Ashe, M. 3d V.; Thos J. Owen, M. 2d V.; H. W. Copeland, M. 1st V. I give the names of this list of officers because some of the principal ones have been re-elected annually for 10 years. September 10 the death of Comp. C. H. Thayer was announced. He died August 29. November 12 a committee on history of the chapter, consisting of Comps. C. E. Kempton, S. D. Andrews, and W. L. Loring, was chosen. August 9, 1884, the death of Comp. Philo Clark, Scribe of this chapter, was 252 History of Androscoggin County. announced. Comp. Clark had held many civil offices in the town and county, and had been long a Mason honored and respected. August 29, 1885, the death of Comp. Caleb Blake was reported. He died July 20. He was a well-known business man, a genial companion, and much esteemed. February 20, 1886, Comp. H. W. Humphrey was reported as having passed over to the majority. March 20 the death of Comp. Asa Bradford was announced. September 11 the officers were publicly installed by Comp. F. T. Faulkner, on the same evening with Nezinscot Lodge. Ivefreshments were served by the lodge. January 30, 1891, the death of Benj. Keen was reported. The growth of the chapter has been of late years slow ; our jurisdiction has been very limited. Other organizations have sprung up around us and by great promise of sick benefits and pecuniary aid have drawn from the chapter. It is not the practice of Masons to solicit men to join their various bodies ; indeed, they are forbidden to do it. Our members are scattered over a wide territory, from Maine to Florida, so that we find it difficult to get a quorum at our meetings; but we have a good chapter, and have always received the highest encomiums from the representatives of the Grand Chapter for the correctness of our work, and we expect to do good work in the years to come. Acacia Loil[n\ No. 121^ F. ^ A. il/., Durliam., was organized under a dispen- sation granted May 7, 1803, and the first meeting was held June 24, 1803. A charter was granted May 4, 1865, by Wm P. Preble, G. M., to Geo. W. Wagg, Wm R. Wright, David O. S. Stetson, Stephen C. Stetson, Isaac S. Brown, Wm Wording, Jas W. Webber, Parmenio C. Shaw, E. G. Parker, Wm S. Michaels. About the time of the granting of the charter a dwelling was purchased and altered into a convenient Masonic hall. Its cost with repairs was 'f 1,000. The number of members in May, 1891, was 80. Bro. Charles W. Harding was D. D. G. M. in 1888-9. Officers from Organization. — 1863— Geo. W. Wagg, W. M.; I. S. Brown, S. W.; W. R. Wright, J. W.; P. C. Shaw, Treas. ; J. W. Webber, Sec; Wra Wording, J. I).; E. G. Parker, Tyler. 1864 (appointed by G. M.) — Asa P. Moore, W. M.; Win R. Wright, S. W.; Wm W. Beals, J. W.; Geo. W. Rico, Sec; Wm H. Haskell, S. D.; Nelson Strout, J. D. 186.'>— W. R. Wright, W. M.; Nelson Strout, S. W.; H. B. Strout, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Geo. W. Rice, Sec; P. R. Strout, S. D.; Wm B. Newell, J. D. 1866 — W. R. Wright, W. M.; Nelson Strout, S. W.; H. B. Strout, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Geo. W. Rice, Sec; Z. Fickett, S. D.; Elmer W. Randall, J. D. 1867 — W. R. Wright, W. M. ; Nelson Strout, S. W.; W. S. Michaels, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Geo. W. Rice, Sec; B. I. Small, S. D.; Elmer W. Randall, J. D.; 1868 — Wra R. Wright, W. M.; I. S. Brown, S. W. ; B. I. Small, J. W. ; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. F. Morrell, Sec; 1869 — Benj. I. Small, W. M.; P. R. Strout, S. W. ; Alfred Lunt, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. D. Roak, Sec; Fred W. Elder, S. D.; C. W. Harding, J. D. 1870— B. I. Small, W. M.; P. R. Strout, S. W.; Alfred Lunt, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. D. Roak, Sec; I. N. Beals, S. D.; Chas W. Harding, J. D. 1871 — B. I. Small, W. M.; Alfred Lunt, S. W.; S. B. Libby, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; W. D. Roak, Sec; C. W. Harding, S. D.; Josiah L. Vining, J. D. 1872 — Alfred Lunt, W. M.; S. B. Libby, S. W.; Elmer W. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 253 Randall, J. W. ; E. S. Warren, Treas.; J. H. Davis, Sec; Wm B. Newell, Chap.; C. W. Harding, S. D.; True Tuttle, J. D. 1873 — S. B. Libby, W. M.; C. W. Harding, S. W.; E. 0. Tyler, J. W.; E. S. Warren, Treas.; Alfred Luut, Sec; W. D. Roak, Marshal; A. H. Parker, S. D.; True Tuttle, J. D. 1874 — S. B. Libby, W. M.; C W. Harding, S. W.; E. 0. Tyler, J. W.; A. D. Roak, Treas.; Alfred Luut, Sec; E. S. Warren, Chap.; 1875 — C. W. Harding, W. M.; E. 0. Tyler, S. W. ; Jos. H. Davis, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Alfred Lunt, Sec. 1876 — C. W. Harding, W. M.; E. 0. Tyler, S. W.; J. H. Davis, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Alfred Lunt, Sec. 1877— Jos. H. Davis, W. M.; A. H. Parker, S. W.; C. S. Fenlason, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas. ; Alfred Lunt, Sec. ; Wm R. Wright, Chap. 1878 — J. H. Davis, W. M.; A. H. Parker, S. W.; C. S. Fenlason, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; W. B. Newell, Sec; W. H. Douglass, Chap.; 1879— J. H. Davis, W. M ; A. H. Parker, S. W.; C. S. Fenlason, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Wm B. Newell, Sec; I. A. Paine, Chap.; C. W. Harding, S. D. ; W. H. Merrill, J. D. ; 1880 — A. H. Parker, W. M. ; C. S. Fenlason, S. W. ; True Tuttle, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; C. W. Harding, S. D. ; Wm H, Merrill, J. D. ; 1881 —A. H. Parker, W. M. ; C. S. Fenlason, S. W.; True Tuttle, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; 1882— Alfred Lunt, W. M.; L. O. Morse, S. W. ; S. S. Parker, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; 1883 — Alfred Lunt, W. M. ; E. 0. Tyler, S. W. ; W. H. Douglass, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas. ; Lora Newell, Sec; S. B. Libby, S. D.; F. A. Harding, J. D.; 1884 — E. 0. Tyler, W. M.; S. B. Libby, S. W.; W. H. Douglas, J. W.; W. D. Roak, Treas.; Lora Newell, Sec; F. A. Harding, S. D.; J. L. Wright, J. D. ; 1885 — E. O. Tyler, W. M.; S. B. Libby, S. W.; F. A. Harding, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; J. L. Wright, Sec; Geo. H. Hatch, S. D. ; L S. Trufant, J. D.; 1886 — S. B. Libby, W. M. ; F. A. Harding, S. W.; Geo. L. Sylvester, J. W. ; W. D. Roak, Treas.; J. L. Wright, Sec; Jos. H. Davis, S. D. ; 1. S. Trufant, J. D.; 1887— S. B. Libby, W. M.; F. A. Harding, S. W.; Geo. L. Sylvester, J. W.; Wm P. Water- house, Treas. ; J. L. Wright. Sec. ; 1888 — S. B. Libby, W. M.; F. A. Harding, S. W. ; J. W. Thomas, J. W.; J. L. Wright, Sec; I. S. Trufant, S. D.; E. L. Macomber, J. D.; 1889 — F. A. Harding, W. M.; H. M. Beal, S. W.; J. W. Thomas, J. W. ; W. P. Waterhouse, Treas. ; J. L. Wright, Sec. ; J. H. Davis, S. D. ; J. L. Viniug, J. D. : J. S. Lang, S. S. ; G. W. Nichols, J. S.; A. S. Dinglcy, Tyler; 1890 — F. A. Harding, W. M. ; H. M. Beal, S. W. ; E. L. Macomber, J. W.; W. P. Waterhouse, Treas.; J. L. Wright, Sec; E. R. Miller, Chap.; L. B. Small, Marshal; J. L. Viniug, S. D. ; J. H. Williams, J. D.; J. S. Lang, S. S. ; G. W. Nichols, J. S.; A. S. Dingley, Tyler. Ancient York Lod(/e, JVo. ISS, F. (|' A. M.,'^ Lisbon Falls, was granted a dispensation January 1, 1870, by M. W. J. H. Lynde, G. M. of the M. W. Grand Lodge of the State of Maine. The petitioners were: David S. Dunlap, S. P. Crosman, Geo. C. Wing, Geo. W. Coombs, Samuel Sylvester, Geo. F. Alexander, C. TI. Douglass, Tobias T. Goddard, S. Estes, E. B. Webber, A. T. Crosman, Edw. Plummer, N. L. Shea, L. Harden, F. A. Small, J. H. Eacott, T. C. liogers, Simeon Stone, Geo. B. Shorey, Abram H. Nason, H. A. Small, E. Day, Silas Plummer, H. C. White, and O. R. Small. The first meeting was held January 17, 1870. The G. M. appointed Tobias T. Goddard, W. M.; Horace C. White, S. W. ; N. L. Shea, J. W. The Grand Lodge granted a charter on May 4, 1870, and on September 27, 1870, at the adoption of the constitution and installation the following officers were installed: Tobias T. 1 By William Parkin, Secretary. 254 History of Androscoggin County. Cxoddard, W. M. ; Horace C. White, S. W.; N. L. vShea, J. W.; Edw. Plummer, Treas. ; Cephas H. Douglass, Sec.; Simeon Stone, S. D.; Geo. W. Coombs, J. D.; David S. Dunlap, S. S.; Thos C. Rogers, J. S.; O. R. Small, Marshal; Sumner Estes, Chap.; Silas Plummer, Tyler. The lodge has been very successful, both financially and otherwise, from its first meeting. The following are names of members admitted: Otis S. Vining, Wra Rhodes, Chas B. Plummer, John L. Gardner, Geo. D. Frost, Samuel J. White, Joshua S. Newell, Alfred Webber, Wm Maines, Frank M. Hacker, T. Alvah Moore, Joseph G. Small, Geo. A. Pettingill, Roscoe G. Green, Frank H. Ambach, Edward R. Warren, N. J. Wedgwood, J. Reid Edgecomb, Lafayette E. Dennison, Seward A. Parker, John A. Smith, Jas E. Edgecomb, Abram Healey, E. M. Shaw, Geo. W. Gould, Nathaniel S. Purinton, Alonzo S. Purinton, Wm S. Merrill, Chas A. Ambach, Frank B. Potter, Eugene B. Earl, Addison Slater, Robert N. Callahan, Jas W. Card, Levi C. Gould, Wm S. Cotton, Jr, Jas W. Farrin, John H. Coombs, Jas L. Atwood, H. J. Hutchinson, Lewis Lander, Wm H. Gilmore, Edwin R. Small, Webster Nevins, Samuel H. Goody, Chas F. Edgecomb, Thos B. Fish, Jos. S. Potter, Chas H. Keopka, John W. Dufton, John H. Potter, Frank H. Abbott, Elbridge G. Rideout, Simeon W. Goodwin, John H. Tomlinson, Wm A. Lewis, H. M. Harmon, Freeman C. Hall, L. R. Ross, Albion Chase, Nathaniel R. Williams, L. B, Burrill, Wm Parkin, Geo. H. Whittier, Pennell P. Woodard, Fred C. Worth, Geo. W. Jordan, Hibbert Lockhart, Chas W. Girard, John Cornish, Millard C. Webber, Aaron H. Goodwin, Thos F. Millett, Benjamin F. Christopher, Robert N. Barbrick, Wilbur H. Judkins, Enoch Tibbetts, E. A. Durille, Benjamin W. Card, Alfred D. Sawyer, George W. Curtis, Cyril O. Abell, Charles L. Osborne, C. W. Girard, Wm H. Douglass, James A. Underwood, James H. Eacott, Jr, H. W. Pike, Daniel Fessenden, W. E. Plummer, C. F. A. Stuebing, Otis S. White, Fenton Haigh, George Canham, George Turnbull, K. M. Small, John Rawstrom, Wm E. Stevens, A. J. Small, F. E. Greissenger, George W. Beal, F. A. Jordan, W. F. Rogers, Samuel W. Smith. The Past Masters have been : Tobias T. Goddard, Horace C. White, Simeon Stone, O. R. Small, George W. Coombs, Samuel J. White, Wm S. Cotton, Jr, Otis S. Vining, Simeon Stone, Alonzo S. Purinton, Millard C. Webber, James W. Card, James A. LTnderwood. The meetings are held on the Mondays on or immediately before the full moon, in Masonic Hall, Perkin Block, Main street. Webster Lodge, No. 164, ^'- # -4- M., Sahath. — lw the winter of 1870-71 Luther Lombard, Stetson L, Hill, Bradford D. Farnham, John Shore, Cyrus Hackett, Calvin D. Bubier, Frank E. Sleeper, Eugene D. Greenleaf, being desirous of establishing a lodge of Masonry at Sabatis, and believing that good work in extending Masonic influence in the vicinity would be done thereby, secured 'the co-operation of Andrew J. Harris, H. S. Harris, and James H. Thompson, of (ireene, and Joseph G. Bragg, Augustus C. Frost, and Stephen Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 255 R. Raynes, of Wales, in sending a petition for the organization of a lodge here. In answer, M. W. John H. Lynde, then Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Maine, granted a dispensation, empowering theni to form and open a lodge in Webster, and appointing Bro. Frank E. Sleeper, first Master; Stetson L. Hill, first Senior Warden; and Bradford D. Farnham, first Junior Warden. Bro. Frank E. Sleeper was a native of Lewiston, a graduate of the first class of Bates College, and of Maine Medical School, and had recently located in Sabatis as a physician. He was 24 years of age, and a member of Ashlar Lodge, Lew- iston. He was the mainspring in organizing and regulating the lodge, and to his energy and tact it is largely indebted for the many complimentar}^ notices from the several district deputies and other visitors who have witnessed its work. He has held, among others, these Masonic offices : Master of Webster Lodge 10 3^ears, District Deputy Grand Master three years. Senior Grand War- den, Deputy Grand Master, Grand Master of Masons in Maine (by unanimous election serving two terms), and is Grand Lecturer of the Grand Lodge, High Priest of King Hiram Chapter, Grand High Priest of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Maine and its Grand Lecturer, Thrice Illustrious Master of Dunlap Council Royal and Select Masters, Commander of Lewiston Commandery Knights Templar, Grand Lecturer of the Grand Commandery, and Thrice Potent Grand Master of Lewiston Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. R. He is author of the monitorial portion of the "Maine Ro3^al Arch Text-book," authorized text-book for chapters in Maine. Bro. Stetson L. Hill was a native of Web- ster, and a member of Tianquil Lodge, Auburn. He studied law with his father, Jacob Hill, had followed that profession for several years, and was about 50 years of age, and the owner of considerable property. Bro. Bradford D. Farnham, belonging to Ashlar Lodge, Lewiston, was junior })artner in the firm of Davis & Farnham, merchants. He never attended a lodge meeting, as he moved from town. Bro. Luther Lombard, a native of Wales, had been a resi- dent of Sabatis for 30 years, and was engaged in farming, owning quite an extensive property. Capt. Lombard received his degrees in Philadelphia, Pa. He was one of the most active and efficient members. liro. Joseph G. Bragg was a member of Monmouth Lodge, a ship-joiner by trade, but farming in Wales. He was one of our most highly esteemed members. Bro. John Shore was a native of Yorkshire, England, a wool-carder in charge of the carding- room of the Webster Woolen Mill. Bro. Shore was 41 years of age, a member of Ashlar Lodge, and a just and upright man. He was of great assistance to the lodge, and his removal to Lisbon was greatly regretted. Bro. Eugene D. Greenleaf was a graduate of Harvard, and agent of Webster Woolen Mill. He removed to Boston three years later, remaining^ however, a member of the lodge. Bro. Calvin D. Bubier, a native of Lewiston, 35 years of age, was a clerk of Davis & Farnham. He received his degrees in Princeton. Bro. Augustus C. Frost was 27 years of age, and a member of Morning Star Lodge 25G History of Androscoggin County. of Litchfield. Though living at a great distance he set an excellent example of punctuality. Bro. Cyrus Hackett, aged 49, was a native of Greene, a mill- wright and a member of Tranquil Lodge. Perhaps a more rusty body of Masons never gathered together, but all went to work with energy, and under Bro. Sleeper's instruction rapid progress was made. Previous to organization, they met frequently in secure places to practice Masonic work, thus enabling them to acquit themselves very well at the first communication of the lodge. Bro. Luther Lombard advanced 1300, taking the joint note of the other members as security. This note was after- wards signed by several of the first admitted members. With this money the brethren leased, finished, painted, and furnished the second story of the school-house in Sabatis, making a neat and tasty hall, and September 23, 1871, held the first stated communication. At this meeting Bro. Sleeper congratulated the lodge on the excellent progress made, promising the continuance of his own exertions, requesting earnest endeavors by the others, and predicting a useful future. Two applications were received. October 28, 1871, four applications were received, the two previous applicants accepted, and Edwin H. Johnson initiated. At the next meeting the members' dues were fixed at two dollars, and the Master appointed these officers: Luther Lombard, Treas.; Eugene D. Greenleaf, Sec; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; Augustus C. Frost, S. D.; Cyrus Ilackett, J. D. ; C. D. Bubier, S. S.; John Shore, J. S.; A. J. Harris, Sent. ; W. B. Cutler, T3der. The lodge was officially visited by B. W. Dura Bradford, 1). D. G. M., February 20, 1872. There were many visitors present. After witnessing work in the second degree, Bro. Bradford complimented the officers very highly. April 20, 1872, the lodge voted to petition for a charter; a code of by-laws was acce[)ted, and ordered to be submitted to tlie Grand Lodge for approval. Authority having been obtained June 15, 1872, tlie lodge elected: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; Stetson L. Hill, S. W. ; J. G. Bragg, J. W.; Luther Lombard, Treas.: Alden S. Potter, Sec. Eleven brethren who had taken their degrees in this lodge were admitted to membership, and a committee apj)ointed to make arrangements for constituting Webster Lodge. August 1, 1872, M. W. David Cargill, G. M., assisted by Bro. Eaton, of United Lodge No. 8, of Brunswick, as Sen. G. W., Bro. Geo. Swift, of Acacia Lodge No. 121, of Durham, as Jun. G. W., Bro. Chase, of Morning Star Lodge No. 141, of Litchfield, as Grand Chaplain, and Bro. Warren Phillips, of Portland, Grand Tyler, dedicated and constituted Webster Lodge, No, 164, after which the M. W. G. M. publicly installed the officers. January 0, 1873, the officers were re-elected (except E. D. (ireenleaf, chosen secretary), and installed by R. W. Joseph M. Hayes, D. D. G. M. of the Fourteenth Masonic District (to which the lodge was assigned November 6, 1872), assisted by W. James B. Westcott of Solar Lodge, No. 14, Bath, as Grand Marshal. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 257 January 1, 1874, were elected: F. E. Sleeper, W. M.; A. C. Frost, S. W.; J. G. Bragg, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; Stetson L. Hill, Sec; and they were installed by Wor. Bro. Geo. S. Woodman, assisted by Geo. C. Wing. In May liro. Sleeper was appointed D. D. G. M., and for the remainder of the year the Master's station was filled by the Senior Warden, although Bro. Sleeper attended the meetings and took an active part. January 21, 1875, choice was made of A. C. Frost, W. M.; Jos. G. Bragg, S. W. ; Edwin H. Johnson, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; S. L. Hill, Sec. Feb- ruary 13 these officers were publicly installed by R. W. Bro. F. E. Sleeper, D. D. G. M. This year the annual meeting was changed, and December 9, 1875, were chosen: Edwin H. Johnson, W. M. ; James F. Heney, S. W.; Retiah D. Jones, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; S. L. Hill, Sec. They were publicly installed by K. W. Frank E. Sleeper. June, 1876, II. W. Simeon Stone, D. D. G. M., visited the lodge, witnessed work in the M. M. degree, and compli- mented the lodge very highly for its proficiency in the ritual. The note against the lodge was paid this year, and committed to the flames — a most acceptable burnt offering to the Masonic "goat." December 25, 1876, were elected: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; Wm H. Wright, S. W.; R. D. Jones, J. W.; L. Lombard, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec. They were publicly installed January 4, 1877, by R. W. Fessenden L Day, assisted by Archie L. Talbot. The instal- lation services were followed by a collation and sociable. May 1, 1877, Webster Lodge buried Bro. James Keates. Bro. Keates was an Englishman, 49 years of age, and a wool-spinner. He was an interested and active member and a much-esteemed citizen. The lodge was officially visited during the year by R. W. Simeon Stone, who highly complimented it on its accuracy in the third degree. This commendation was highly valued. Soon after, the lodge accepted Bro. Stone's invitation and visited him at Ancient York Lodge, Lisbon Falls. December 20, 1877, officers were chosen: F. E. Sleeper, W. M.; Wm H. Wright, S. W. ; R. D. Jones, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; who were publicly installed January 16, 1878. January 17, 1878, a board of trustees of the charity fund was selected and duly organized. A list of all property of the lodge was made, and March 14, 1878, transferred to its custody. December 5, 1878, were chosen : F. E. Sleeper, W. M.; R. D. Jones, S. W.; A. S. Potter, J. W.; L. Lombard, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec They were publicly installed by R. W. Augustus Callahan, P. M., of Tranquil Lodge, after which a supper was served at the Sabatis House, followed by a sociable at the hall. March 5, 1879, Masonic honors were paid to the remains of Bro. James F. Heney, conveyed to Biddeford. Bro. Heney was 46 years of age, English by birth, and a weaver. In 1872 he received the degrees in Webster Lodge and remained an active and efficient member. With his death originated the relief fund of the lodge. About this time the lodge procured an album and has made efforts to secure photographs of the brethren, 258 History of Androscoggin County. but many pages are yet empty. June 24, 1879, Webster Lodge, joining with Rabboni Lodge, attended the celebration of St John's Day, at Portland. The annual communication of 1 879 falling on Christmas, evening, the lodge was duly opened and called to refreshment to allow the brethren to attend a Christmas festival at the Free Baptist church. Later in the evening the officers were re-elected, and on New-Year's eve they were publicly installed by R. W. F. I. Day, assisted by R. W. Augustus Callahan. After supper, served by Bro. A. S. Potter, of the Sabatis House, Bro. Callahan gave an instructive lecture on Masonry. Nothing worthy of note took place in 1880-1881. Not an application was received. December 16, 1880, showed -tl 77.48 in the treasury, and a charity fund of -1105. Chose Frank E. Sleeper, W. M. ; R. D. Jones, S. W. ; J. G. Jordan, J. W. ; L. Lombard, Treas. ; T. C. Billings, Sec. 1881 — officers: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; R. D. Jones, S. W.; Jas. G. Jordan, J. W. ; Luther Lombard, Treas. ; T. C. Billings, Sec. ; A. S. Potter, Chap.; Jos. G. Bragg, Marshal; Judson Bangs, S. D.; E. G. Thomas, J. D.; B. P. Jordan, S. S.; L. H. Lombard, J. S.; L N. Spofford, Sent.; Herman Amback, Tyler. 1882 — officers: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; R. D. Jones, S. W.; J. G. Jordan, J. W. ; Luther Lombard, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; Geo. H. Bingham, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; Judson Bangs, S. D.; E. G. Thomas, J. D.; B. P. Jordan, S. S.; L. H. Lombard, J. S. ; Herman Amback, Sent.; Joseph Heck, Tyler. January 31, in the presence of a very large company, many visitors being present from adjacent lodges, the officers were publicly installed. A Past Master's jewel was presented to Worthy Bro. Sleeper by the lodge, and a beautiful steel engraving was given to the lodge by its lady friends. 1883 — Brothers Sleeper and Lombard positively declining re-election, the following officers were chosen: Retiah D. Jones, W. M. ; Judson Bangs, S. W.; B. P. Jordan, J. W.; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; Geo. H. Bingham, Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; W. H. Wright, S. D.; John W. Wood, J. D.; C. D. Bubier, S. S.; H. Amback, J. S.; F. E. Marr, Sent.; C. C. Getchell, Tyler. 1884 — officers: Judson Bangs, W. M.; W. H. Wright, S. W. ; E. G. Thomas, J. W.; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; R. D. Jones, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; J. W. Wood, S. D.; C. C. Getchell, J. D. ; H. Amback, S. S. ; F^E. Marr, J. S.; Gustave Graichen, Tyler. Publicly installed February 6 by R. W. Fessenden I. Day, over sixty visitors being present from Ancient York Lodge, Lisbon, besides many from Ashlar, Rabboni, Tranquil, Tyrian, and other lodges. Bro. Billings was presented with an elegant gold pen, a stylographic pen, and a set of cut- glass inkstands by the members. 1885 — officers: Judson Bangs, W. M.; Wm H. Wright, S. W.; E. G. Thomas, J. W. ; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; R. D. Jones, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal ; J. W. Wood, S. D.; C. C. Getchell, J. D. ; H. Amback, S. S.; F. E. Marr, J. S. ; G. Graichen, Tyler. July 8 the lodge Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 259 buried its oldest charter member, Bro. Luther Lombard, its Treasurer con- tinuously for ten years. 1886 — officers: Frank E. Sleeper, W. M.; F. E. Marr, S. W.; B. P. Jordan, J. W.; Jas G. Jordan, Treas. ; T. C. Billings, Sec; J. W. Wood, Chap.; J. G. Bragg, Marshal; C. C. Getchell, S. D.; E. G. Thomas, J. D.; H. Amback,. S. S.; L. H. Lombard, J. S.; G. Graichen, Tyler. January 22 they were publicly installed by M. W. Fessenden L Day, Grand Master. Bro. Sleeper, being Deputy Grand Master, accepted the office of Master only upon the earnest solicitation of his brethren and the Grand Master. 1887 — officers: Jos. G. Bragg, W. M.; F. E. Marr, S. W. ; Chas C. Getchell, J. W. : J. G. Jordan, Treas.; T. C. Billings, Sec; R. D. Jones, Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; Judson Bangs, S. D.; H. Amback, J. D. ; G. Graichen, J. S.; A. D. Ames, Tyler. September 23 Bro. John W. McFarland was buried by the lodge. 1888 — officers same as 1887. They were publicly installed on February 29 by Grand Master Frank E. Sleeper. 1889 — officers: Frank E. Marr, W. M.; W. H. Wright, S. W.; H. Amback, J. W.; J. G. Jordan, Treas.; Judson Bangs, Sec; R. D. Jones, Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; T. C. Billings, S. D.; L N. Spofford, J. D.; George W. Jordan, S. S.; A. D. Ames, J. S.; Fred Dodson, Tyler. They were publicly installed by Grand Master Frank E. Sleeper January 4. On June 17 the lodge vacated the hall over the mill of Bro. R. I). Jones, which it had occupied for seven years. 1890 — officers same as 1889, except C. D. Bubier, Tyler. Officers installed by Past Master Bangs, in the hall of the Golden Cross. This year died Bro. Oren A. Jordan. November 20 the lodge entered into its new hall — the upjjcr part of the building erected for a post-office and store by Bro. E. Woodside. 1891 — officers: Judson Bangs, W. M.; T. C. Billings, S. W.; L N. Spofford, J. W.; F. E. Sleeper, Treas.; J. G. Jordan, Sec; R. D. Jones, Chap.; E. G. Thomas, Marshal; Edwin Woodside, S. D.; Geo. W. Jordan, J. D.; C. A. Amback, S. S.; C. A. Dins- more, J. S.; C. D. Bubier, Tyler. Publicly installed by Past Grand Master Sleeper, February 6. May 7 Judson Bangs, the present master, was appointed D. D. G. M. The number of members April, 1891, was 45. From its formation 43 have been initiated, eight received from other lodges, which makes the whole number of members 60. Six have died and nine dimitted. A steady growth has been made, and an interest maintained which, considering the small territory of the jurisdiction, has been remarkable, and the lodge has been noted for the excel- lence of its work, which has caused frequent visits from other lodges. It is in a prosperous condition, and owns one of the best lots in the village, where, when the ten years of its present lease expires, it hopes to have a home of its own. Reuel Washburn Lodge, F. ^ A. iHf., No. 181, Livermore Falls, held its first meeting under dispensation May 10, 1876, in Masons' Hall, on Depot street. There were present Wor. Levi H. Daggett, W. M.; W. H. Wood, 260 History of Androscoggin County. S. W.; Frank Garcelon as J. W. (A. G. French being absent); and the Master appointed Winfield S. Treat, Treas.; George O. Eustis, Sec. ; Ensign S. Goding, S. D.; R. C. Boothby, J. D.; Rev. Phineas Bond, Chap.; Chas L. Eustis, S. S.; John C. Eaton, J. S.; A. C. Otis, Marshal; S. J. Burgess, Tyler. There were also present Bros. Chas H. Cram, A. R. Millett, Albert Allen, and some visiting brethren. Committees were appointed to draft constitution and by-laws, to loan -f 200 to procure jewels and furniture, and to arrange for hall. Alonzo M. Bumpus and Sullivan Newman made applications for admittance, and at the next meeting Newman was initiated. The new lodge starts in prosperously, numerous applications being received and much good work done. From the number of rejections a very high standard was established for the lodge. November 8 voted to lease the hall one year for $20, and to purchase two dozen chairs. January 10, 1877, R. W. Fessenden I. Day, I). D. G. M., made an official visit. A special meeting was held, January 29, for exemplification of the work on the third degree by D. D. G. M. Day. April 11 it was voted to apply to the Grand Lodge for a charter, and Levi H. Daggett, W. H. Wood, A. G. French, C. L. Eustis, George O. Eustis, W. S. Treat, J. C. Eaton, Abel Prescott, S. J. Burgess, E. S. Goding, and Elijah Wadsworth were chosen representatives to the Grand Lodge. May 9 the secretary records: "Unable to hold our regular monthly communication to-day as the Grand Secretary has not returned our dispensation." June 13 accepted the invitation to attend the dedication of the hall of Oriental Star Lodge, June 21; also voted "that this lodge be constituted and officers installed June 21," and committees were chosen to make arrangements,' and to provide refreshments and entertainment for the officers of the Grand Lodge. Officers for the ensuing year were chosen: W. H. Wood, W. M.; A. G. French, S. W.; Frank Garcelon, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; W. S. Treat, Sec; E. S. Goding, S. D.; R. C. Boothby, J. D.; C. L. Eustis, S. S. ; John C. Eaton, J. S.; S. J. Burgess, Marshal; Albert Allen, Tyler. A committee was appointed to obtain a portrait of our esteemed brother, Reuel Washburn. June 21, 1877, was a great and a gala day. Authority had been granted to the lodge to appear in public procession at the dedication of the Masonic hall of Oriental Star Lodge, and a large number of the members were escorted by Oriental Star Lodge to its hall. After the ceremonies they were escorted to refreshments, then to a grove where M. W. Josiah H. Drummond gave an eloquent oration. Li the evening Reuel Washburn Lodge was duly con- stituted, and its officers publicly installed at the Baptist church by M. W. Edward P. Burnham, Grand Master, assisted by other officers of the Grand Lodge. The charter now received (granted May 3, 1877,) declared the pre- cedence of the lodge to commence from May 4, 1876. The charter members were: Frank Garcelon, Stephen J. Burgess, Wm H. Wood, W. S. Treat, Elijah Wadsworth, Albert Allen, George O. Eustis, T. Everett Eustis, Roswell C. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 261 Boothby, Henry D. Parker, Alvin Record, Charles H. Cram, Augustus L. Young, John C. Eaton, Charles L. Eustis, J. W. Eaton, Alanson C. Otis, Matthew M. Stone, Levi H. Daggett, Alexander O. Nelson, G. O. Foye, Ensign S. Goding, Wm W. Noyes, Albion R. Millett, John B. Drake, Chas B. Knapp, Thomas F. Palmer, Albert G. French, Joseph Brown, Sullivan Newman, Charles W. Brown, Henry A. Strout, Abel Prescott, David C. Searles, Prince E. Hinds, Alonzo M. Bunipus. July 11 the annual meeting was changed to June, and the lodge received the following letter from the venerated brother whose name it bears: — To the Worshipful Master, etc.— I was very sorry that I could not be witli you last evening at the consecration of your lodge, but at my age, and with my infirmities, at the late hour of your meeting I must have denied myself the pleasure of being present, even if the weather had been pleasant, but stormy as it was it would have been presumptuous folly to have undertaken it. You know how much I lamented your withdrawal from Oriental Star Lodge, and if I could have persuaded you to remain would gladly have done so; but as you decided otherwise I wish you abundant success, and, to this end I expect you to be true and faithful to the high trust and responsibility you have assumed. You cannot reasonably expect success without working for and deserving it. Be honorable and honest in all your dealings and business transactions with each other and with the world, and demonstrate by example that you are better men for being good Masons. Guard well the outer door and be wise in the acceptance of worthy applicants for the honors of Masonery and firm in rejecting the unworthy. Be kind and courteous to neighboring lodges, respecting their rights as well as your own. If you have work to do be prepared to do it promptly, correctly, and creditably. The importance of making a good and favorable impression upon the candidate when receiving the degrees cannot be overestimated. If you have no work to do, remember and regard the admonition of our most excellent Past Grand Master Josiah H. Drummond, to assemble yourselves together at your stated communications socially, as friends and brothers spread the cement of brotherly love and aflection, learn the lectures and the work, study and practice the teachings of our ancient and honorable institution, and you will not materially err; you will have your reward — the approval and blessing of your God. Farewell. Reuel Washburn. North Livermore, June 22, 1877. Friday, March 8, 1878, united with Oriental Star Lodge in conferring the last honors of masonry on the remains of this honored Mason, and March 13 a committee was appointed to draft resolutions on his death. June 12 the death of Bro. E. N. Wheeler reported, and officers elected. W. H. Wood, W. M.; F. Garcelon, S. W.; E. S. Goding, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; W. S. Treat, Sec; L. P. Gould, Chap.; R. C. Boothby, S. D.; P. E. Hinds, J. D. The officers were installed July 10. March 12, 1879, voted to attend the celebration of St John's Day at Portland. Officers for 1879-80 : W. H. Wood, W. M.; F. Garcelon, S. W.; E. S. Goding, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; W. S. Treat, Sec; C. B. Knapp, Chap. June 24 was passed pleasantly at Portland, as the secretary records "having had a big time." In 1880 the lodge was reported as "nearly out of debt." Frank Garcelon was elected W. M.; R. C. 262 History of Androscogoin County. Boothby, S. W.; Alonzo M. Bunipus, J. W.; M. M. Stone, Treas.; C. B. Knapp, Sec. They were installed by R. W. David Cargill, P. G. M., July 19. October 13 voted to attend a celebration of Wilton Lodge, October 21. Feb- ruary 9, 1881, R. W. C. R. Whitten, D. D. G. M., made an official visit. He was "much pleased to see such good work." May 11 voted "to allow the Odd Fellows the use of our hall for meetings." Officers elected June 8 were pub- licly installed June 24 by A. M. Roak, D. D. G. M.; Frank Garcelon, W. M.; R. C. Boothby, S. W.; A. M. Bumpus, J. W.; Rev. G. L. Burbank, Chap.; M. M. Stone, Treas. ; C. B. Knapp, Sec. September 26 lodge attended memo- rial exercises in honor of the late President James A. Garfield. The first meeting in the new Masonic Hall in Treat's Block was held Jan- uary 4, 1882, and it was voted to furnish it at an expense of $250. March 1 D. D. G. M. Algernon M. Roak visited the lodge officially, and complimented it on its correct work and its neat and commodious hall. June 28 were elected and installed the officers for the ensuing year: R. C. Boothby, W. M. ; A. M. Bumpus, S. W.; D. C. Searles, J. W. ; M. M. Stone, Treas.; C. B. Knapp, Sec; G. L. Burbank, Chap. June 20, 1883, election of officers : R. C. Boothby, W. M.; A. M. Bumpus, S. W.; D. C. Searles, J. W.; J. A. Rich, Treas.; E. S. Coding, Sec; David Cargill, Chap. February 15, 1884, official visit of D. D. G. M. N. U. Hinkley, who exemplified work on the third degree. March 15 the death of Bro. M. M. Stone, so long treasurer, was reported. May 29 the lodge conducted the funeral services of Bro. John W. Eaton. June 4 elected officers: A. M. Bumpus, W. M.; D. C. Searles, S. W. ; W. S. Treat, J. W.; David Cargill, Chap.; E. S. Coding, Sec; J. A. Rich, Treas. June 24, 1885, were elected the same officers as last year except that R. C. Boothby was made tyler. Public installation July 1, R. C. Boothby, P. M., installing officer. January 20, 1886, a contribution was sent to the sufferers by the Galveston, Texas, fire. June 10 election of officers: D. C. Searles, W. M.; W. S. Treat, S. W.; H. W. Bailey, J. W.; R. W. Weld, Treas.; J. A. Record, Sec; David Cargill, Chap. December 15 funeral of Bro. C. S. Hutchins. March 9, 1887, D. D. G. M. Geo. S. Woodman made an official visit. June 1 annual meeting. Officers chosen: D. C. Searles, W. M.; W. S. Treat, S. W.; H. W. Bailey, J. W.; R. C. Boothby, Sec; R. W. Weld, Treas. Public installation June 15, P. M. R. C. Boothby, installing officer. After the installation Mrs S. J. Burgess, in behalf of ladies interested in the lodge, presented the brethren an elegant Bible. A magnificent banquet followed. January 25, 1888, the death of Bro. Albert G. French was reported. June 20 elected W. S. Treat, W. M.; H. W. Bailey, S. W.; H. H. Dyke, J. W.; R. W. Weld, Treas.; R. C. Boothby, Sec. June 30 they were publicly installed, David Cargill, P. G. M., officiating. August 15 the death of Bro. H. H. White was reported. June 11, 1889, attended the funeral of Dr Albion R. Millett, a worthy brother. July 10 were installed the officers-elect: W. S. Treat, W. M.; Henry W. Bailey, S. W.; Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 263 Davilla S. Thompson, J. W.; Roswell C. Boothby, Sec; Stephen J. Burgess, Marshal; David Cargill, Chap.; Clinton Newman, Tyler. April 8, 1890, R. C. Boothby, having been made I). D. G. M., visited the lodge oflicially and made corrections in the work. May 28, 1890, officers elected: D. S. Thompson, W. M.; R. M. Maxim, S. W.; J. G. Ham, J. W.; R. W. Weld, Treas.; R. C. Boothby, Sec. Public installation June 10, P. M. W. S. Treat officiating. February 18, 1891, the third degree was conferred by the officers of Oriental Star Lodge. April 22 the death of Bro. Sullivan Newman was reported. The lodge June 1, 1891, has 95 members, is practically free from debt, with brotherly love existing among the craftsmen, and the prospect that much benefit will be realized through its labors. Androscoggin Chapter of R. A. M, No. o4-, Liocrmort' Falh, was instituted in 1871 at Canton. A petition signed by 13 R. A. Masons, recommended by King Hiram Chapter of Lewiston, was forwarded to M. E. Stephen J. Young, G. H. P., asking for a dispensation, which was granted January 21, 1871, to Hiram A. Ellis, Charles A. Coolidge, Otis Playford, Jr, John D. Hodge, R. E. Hathaway, Gideon Ellis, and George W. Moore of Cant6n, H. T. Gleason, J. H. Gleason, P. M. Edwards, and John H. Ellis of Mexico, H. F. Howard of Dixfield, Wm H. H. Wood of Livermore Falls. The officers named were : Otis Hayford, Jr, H. P.; John D. Hodge, King; John H. Ellis, Scribe. The chapter was opened January 30, 1871, at Masonic Hall in Canton, which had been erected the previous summer for this purpose, and duly organized, with these officers: M. E. Otis Hayford, Jr, H. P.; ex-Comps. John D. Hodge, King; John H. Ellis, Scribe; Comps. Henry F. Howard, Treas.; Hiram A. Ellis, Sec. ; C. T. Gleason, P. S. ; George W. Moore, C. H. ; Charles A. Cool- idge, R. A. C. ; C. E. Philoon, M. 3d V. ; R. E. Hathaway, M. 2d V. ; W. H. H. Wood, M, 1st v.; P. M. Edmunds, Sent. It received its charter, dated May 3, 1871, June 26, 1871, when these officers were chosen : M. E. Otis Hayford, H. P. ; John D. Hodge, King ; John H. Ellis, Scribe ; Oscar Hayford, Treas. ; Hiram A. Ellis, Sec. October 6 there were present M. E. Stephen J. Young, G. H. P. ; Comp. Warren Phillips, G. Sent. ; Comp. Dura Bradford as G. C. ; Comp. Geo. W. Moore as G. C. of H., and the chapter was duly constituted, after which the above officers were installed by M. E. Stephen J. Young, G. H. P., as were also these appointed officers : Geo. W. Moore, C. H. ; Wm H. H. Washburn, P. S. ; C. A. Coolidge, R. A. C. ; C. S. Brown, M. 3d V. ; Wm K. Decoster, M. 2d V.; John N. Read, M. 1st V.; Isaac A. Ellis, S. S.; C. E. Philoon, J. S.; Rev. O. H. Johnson, Chap.; F. M. Mayo, Sent. August 15, 1872, Masonic Hall, Canton, was dedicated, these taking part Oriental Star Lodge, No. 21, Livermore ; King Hiram Lodge, No. 57, Dixfield Nezinscot Lodge, No. 101, Turner; Evening Star Lodge, No. 147, Buckfield Whitney Lodge, No. 167, Canton ; Androscoggin R. A. Chapter ; Grand Lodge of Maine, M. W. David Cargill, G. M.; Grand Chapter of Maine, M. E. John 264 History of Androscoggin County. W. Ballou, G. H. P. Comp. Gideon Ellis, the oldest member of the chapter, died November 1, 1872, in his 77th year. December, 1873, Comp. Gilbert L. Heald died. January 1, 1876, the chapter had 60 members; the following from this county: Wm H. H. Wood, Frank Garcelon, Elijah and Marshman E. Wardsvvorth, Roswell C. Boothhy, Livermore Falls ; Welcome F. Fuller and Henry Clay Munson, Turner; Charles Jones, Livermore. P^lected officers: June 17, 1872, Otis Hayford, H. P.; John D. Hodge, King; Dura Bradford, Scribe; Oscar Hayford, Treas. ; H. A. Ellis, Sec. June 9, 1873, John D. Hodge, H. P.; Dura Bradford, King; George W. Moore, Scribe; Oscar Hay- ford, Treas.; H. A. Ellis, Sec. June 29, 1874, M. E. Dura Bradford, H. P.; W. H. Washburn, King ; John H. Ellis, Scribe ; Oscar Hayford, Treas. ; H. A. Ellis, Sec. June 14, 1875, the only change is that of Otis Hayford, Sec. For some years the chapter was prosperous, then interest waxed cold, pay- ment of dues was neglected, only a faithful few preserved its vitality, and the roll of the officers would be very nearly the annual repetition of their names. Things grew from bad to worse as the years wore on. In 1887 the chapter was holding its meetings in the hall of the brick store, as the old Masonic Hall was let and occupied for other than Masonic purposes since the fire of January 28, 1887, and in October a chapter was opened. Finding the old hall not in con- dition to hold said meeting, it was voted to act with Whitney Lodge to see what should be done with the furniture and other fixtures, and to see what arrangements could be made with the lodge to use said hall in common with the lodge; also voted to write for a dispensation to elect officers at the regular convocation in November, having failed to do so at the annual meeting. November 28, Cyrus T. Bonney, Jr, was chosen H. P.; Thos. Raymond, King; A.Delano, Scribe; James H. Burbank, Treas. Again the chapter failed to elect officers, and August 20, 1888, a dispensation was again asked for, and the visit of some grand officer with whom to consult was requested. The dispen- sation was granted, and September 15 officers were elected, and October 15, installed: Cyrus T. Bonney, Jr, H. P.; Thos. Reynolds, King; John D. Hodge, Scribe; E. R. Oldham, C. H.; C. M. Holland, R. A. C, with others. Decem- ber 17 a convocation was held in Grange Hall, Canton, under a dispensation, and a counsel was held with the Grand Scribe. At a later convocation 14 members were deprived of membership for arrearages of dues. April 15, 1889, voted 18 to 1 in favor of removal to Livermore Falls. The first meeting at Livermore Falls was the annual convocation, June 10, 1889. R. C. lioothby was chosen H. P. ; B. C. Waite, K. ; W. S. Treat, Scribe ; who were installed by M. E. Dura Bradford, P. H. P. June 30, 1890, R. C. Boothby was elected and installed H. P.; W. S. Treat, K. ; I). S. Thompson, S. J. G. Ham was then appointed C. of H. ; E. Eaton, P. S. ; S. E. Perkins, R. A. C. ; C. R. Loring, M. 3d V. ; E. S. Coding, M. 2d V. ; D. C. Searles, M. 1st V. Comp. David Cargill was made an honorary member. November 25 Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 265 A. M. Roak, H. P. of Bradford Chapter, by request confers the R. A. degree on several substitutes. There are now (Jun-e 1, 1891,) 54 members, seven having been received the past year and one dimitted. In its new home the chapter is in good condition, and bids fair to have a flourishing future. Among its treasures the chapter cherishes a gavel made in Jerusalem ; the head is of olive wood from Mt Olivet, the handle of wood grown on the banks of the Jordan. This was a present from Rev. A. C. Herrick. ODD FELLOWSHIP. Manufacturers and Mechanies Lodge, No. 62, I. 0. 0. F., Lewiston, was instituted March 19, 1853, by D. G. M. John Read, assisted by J. B. Ham as Grand Marshal, Ebenezer Ham as Grand Secretary, Stephen H. Read as Grand Treasurer, Ham Brooks as Grand Warden. The petition was signed by Jordan K. Piper, George Webb, E. D. Clark, George Latham, and Charles J. Greene, all residents of Lewiston. It is not known when or where they joined the order. The charter was granted by the Grand Lodge in July, 1853. The lodge was unquestionably instituted in a small hall in the upper part of Jones's Block, which was occupied by them for some time, renting it of a temperance society who controlled it and subsequently leased it. The first officers installed were: Geo. Webb, N. G.; Geo. Latham, V. G.; E. D. Clark, R. Sec; Charles J. Green, Treas. Geo. W. Farr, Hermon L. Guild, Benj. Dexter, Hanson W. Small, David S. Parker, and James Lewis were elected and initiated at the meeting. This was the first lodge instituted in Lewiston, and entered upon a season of unusual prosperity, additions being made to its membership at nearly every meeting. This prosperity continued for several years; but from 1855 to 1861 the order in the state was suffering much from depletion in member- ship owing, in a large measure, to the imperfect administration of its financial affairs. At that time the relation between dues and weekly benefits was not properly adjusted. During these years many of the lodges throughout the country were financially ruined. The lodge was involved in the general depres- sion, but continued to administer its affairs until September 20, 1858. From that time until October 3, 1859, there are no records of any sessions. It met October 10, 1859, in the hall over Keyes's store. This was on the northerly side of Haymarket Square, the building next to the Frye house. This hall they secured for $25 per annum. Subsequently another room for an anteroom was leased for $5 per annum, which made comfortable and convenient rooms for a short time. The installation of officers, October 21, 1859, was in the hall of Androscoggin Lodge, in Auburn. They were installed by D. G. M. Nahura Morrill, as follows : Geo. W. Farr, N. G. ; J. W. Hutchinson, V. G. ; E. D. Johnson, Rec. Sec. ; George Webb, Treas. These rooms were soon too small, and a committee was raised January 16, 1860, to ascertain if the lodge could procure Cutter's Hall, which was obtained for t|55 per year, and January 25, 206 History of Androscoggin County. 1860, it was occupied, holding the first meeting January 30. The lodge did some repairing in the hall, had it lighted with gas, and the floor neatly car- peted. Prosperity was now assured. Accessions were made at almost every meeting. In 1864, owing in a great measure to increase in membership, a committee was appointed to secure a hall better adapted to their needs, and sufiiciently large to give them ample accommodations. This reported Septem- ber 28, 1864, in favor of rooms in Central Block. The lodge voted to occupy the rooms, which were fitted up at an expense of #96.68, the carpet being paid for by subscription. These were comfortable and convenient quarters, with sufficient room for work, and the lodge was supplied with ample means to carry on its charitable and fraternal labors. This hall was occupied until June, 1870. On Sunday morning, June 12, 1870, the westerly portion of Central Block, which included Odd Fellows Hall, was destroyed. The lodge lost its furniture, and the most of its paraphernalia. The loss was '$800, with an insurance of -1500. From June 15 to September 14, 1870, the lodge held weekly sessions in the hall of Androscoggin Lodge, in Auburn. At the first session after the fire, June 15, the lodge chose Geo. A. Callahan, Warren E. Pressey, and Geo. A. Drew to act with a committee of Androscoggin Lodge in procuring and furnishing a new hall. Rooms were found in Union Block. They were completed, fitted up, furnished, and formally delivered to the joint committee, Tuesday evening, September 13, 1870, and were occupied by this lodge on the following evening. The hall was also occupied by Andros- coggin Lodge and Worombus Encampment. At this time Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge entered upon a period of marked prosperity. It has con- stantly increased in numbers as well as influence, and is to-day among the large and strong lodges of the state. Desiring larger and better accommoda- tions, the lodge in connection with Golden Rule Lodge, leased the upper story of Odd Fellows Block for the use of the order in this city. The expense to this lodge in finishing and furnishing was about -f 1,500, and the members joined with Golden Rule Lodge in the dedication, January 8, 1877, with pride and satisfaction. The hall and adjoining rooms are among the best in the state and are especially adapted to the needs of the lodge. They were occupied for the first time by this lodge, in January, 1877. The lodge has expended for the relief of its members about 'il'27,000, an average of more than -1700 per annum. Its membership is 408. In 1872 Geo. A. Callahan of this lodge was elected Grand Master, and filled the office with much satisfaction to the order througliout the state. At the annual session of the Grand Lodge in 1873, he was elected representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the work of the order, and undoubtedly did more than any of his predecessors to perfect it among the lodges of this jurisdiction. Golden Mule Lodge, No. 73, I. 0. 0. F., Lewiston, was instituted September 26, 1873, by Grand M. O. B. Whitten, assisted by Grand Sec. Joshua Davis, Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 267 Past Grand Masters Benjamin Kingsbury and J. E. Haseltine. The charter members were George A. Callahan, Silas W. Cook, George A. Drew, George W. Maxfield, Arthur S. Melcher, Fred A. Hall, Eben J. Atwood, Samuel O. Wood, Edwin Wakefield, Ai Brooks, Abel D. Cook, Isaac H. Estes, Milton C. Wedgwood, Wm F. Garcelon, Thos W. Murch, Thos A. Eastman. Eleven of them came from Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, and five from Andros- coggin Lodge of Auburn. The following were initiated in Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge: George A. Callahan, February 18, 1863; Silas W. Cook, January 31, 1872; George A. Drew, June 19, 1869; George W. Maxfield, February 5, 1867; Arthur S. Melcher, February 19, 1873; Fred A. Hall, February 19, 1873 ; Eben J. Atwood, May 4, 1869 ; S. O. Wood, May 21, 1873; Edwin Wakefield, February 27, 1872; A. D. Cook, August 6, 1873; L H. Estes, May 31, 1871 ; and the following in Androscoggin Lodge : William F. Garcelon, January 10, 1870; M. C. Wedgwood, October 3, 1870; Ai Brooks, May 17, 1869; T. W. Murch, January 23, 1871; T. A. Eastman, March 25, 1872. The grand officers installed Ai Brooks, N. G.; S. W. Cook, V. G.; S. O. Wood, R. Sec; Fred A. Hall, P. Sec; and T. W. Murch, Treas. The charter was granted August 11, 1874. The lodge purchased one- half of the furniture and paraphernalia of Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, and became joint tenant of its hall, where it held weekly sessions until January 11, 1877, when it occupied its present rooms in Odd Fellows Block. At this session, the first in the new hall, these officers were publicly installed: Thos H. Jordan, N. G.; D. Horace Holman, V. G,; J. G. Elder, R. Sec; Fred A. Hall, P. Sec; L. C. Peck, Treas. This hall was jointly fitted up by Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge and this lodge, at an expense of |3,000. It contains a hall for regular sessions, a banquet hall, and several anterooms. The hall was pub- licly dedicated January, 1877, by G. M. Stephen K. Dyer. In his communication to the Grand Lodge, held in Portland, August 14, 1877, the Grand Master said: January 8, 1877, I visited Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, No. 62, and Golden Rule Lodge, No. 73, in the city of Lewiston. Assisted by S. P. Getchell, G. M., Chas H. Blake, G. Chap., J. E. Haseltine and J. N. Read, P. G. Representatives, and Past Grands A. D. Smith, 0. G. Douglass, and S. W. Cook, I publicly dedicated their beautiful hall, one of the largest and finest in the state, and I congratulated the brethren upon the prosperity that has attended them in thus pi'oviding themselves with such a comfortable home. At the conclusion of the dedicatory service we had the pleasure of listening to an able address delivered by Rev. Bro. Bolton, which added much to the interest of the occasion. The officers were publicly installed by the Grand Master, January 7, 1878. This was the first installation by the Grand Master, and we quote from his annual communication to the Grand Lodge his reference to it: — January 7, in the presence of a large assembly of invited friends, with the assistance of the Grand Marshal and Past Grands Pressey, Snow, and Cook, I installed the officers of 268 History of Androscoggin County. Golden Rule Lodge, No. 73, at Lewiston. Here I found Odd Fellowship in its most luxu- riant growth. Our brethren here had prepared a rich and bounteous banquet in the commodious anterooms of their beautiful hall, to which at the close of the installation ceremony, all present were invited. The warm greeting the ofiflcers of the Grand Lodge received will never be forgotten. At the annual session of the Grand Lodge held at Auburn, August 8, 1882, Silas W. Cook of this lodge was elected Grand Master and held the position with honor to himself and fidelity to the order. In 1883 he was elected repre- sentative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, and held the office for two years. Geo. W. Goss was elected Grand Master at the session of the Grand Lodge held in Portland, August 9, 1887. He was an able officer and served with much acceptance. In 1888 he was elected representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge, holding the office for two years and occupying positions upon important committees. The lodge has expended more than 'if!l2,000 in relief of its members, and is in a prosperous condition, with a merabershijD of 250. Worombus Encampment^ No. 13, I. 0. 0. F., Lewiston. — The warrant for the institution of Worombus Encampment was dated April 25, 1848, and signed by Benjamin Kingsbury, G. P., and Nathaniel F. Deering, G. S. The petitioners were J. C. Lane, S. P. Gorham, Elisha Turner, Benjamin Dunn, Temple Tib- betts. Nelson B. Reynolds, Uriah Read, Levi A. Gould, and William T. Plaisted. The institution took place at Odd Fellows Hall in Auburn, April 27, 1848, under the direction of Nathaniel F. Deering, Acting G. P. ; Edward P. Banks, Acting G. H. P.; Wm E. Kimball, G. S. W. ; Fred W. Nichols, Acting G. S.; Nathaniel Walker, Acting G. T. After the institution of the encampment these patriarchs were elected and installed : Levi A. Gould, J. W. ; Elisha Turner, Treas. ; Benjamin Dunn, Scribe; S. P. Gorham, S. W. ; N.B.Reynolds, H. P.; J. C. Lane, C. P.; W. T. Plaisted, G. ; Temple Tibbetts, S. W. ; Uriah Read, T. W. In the evening Geo. W. Foss, Dan Read, 3d, Almon C. Pray, Stephen Blethen, Daniel B. Hawks, and Ai Brooks received the degrees. The encampment experienced usual prosperity, holding regular sessions until August 10, 1857. Then followed a period of great depression, from which the order throughout the country suffered. It was largely occasioned by the false basis on which the financial principles of the order rested. From the above date until January 26, 1869, no session was held. The charter had not been recalled, having been cared for by some of the members. The few patriarchs who remained in the vicinity were anxious to have the encampment revived, and the officers of the Grand Encampment appointed a meeting for January 26, 1869, and reorganized under the old charter. Not enough of the old members could be found to constitute a quorum, and the grand officers were compelled to initiate new members before the organization could be perfected. The grand officers were: James E. Haseltine, G. P.; C. C. Hayes, Acting G. H. P.; George A. Walden, G. S. W.; Charles H. Rich, Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 269 G. J. W.; George F. Mariner, G. S.; Charles B. Nash, G.T.; N. G. Cummings, G. S. The officers were: Almon C. Pray, C. P.; Geo. A. Callahan, H. P.; John Holt, S. W. ; C. S. Emerson, J. W. ; J. M. Cook, Scribe ; Frank H. Riggs, Treas. With this new lease of life the encampment commenced a period of usefulness and unremitted prosperity. It has now a large and steadily increas- ing membership, and is bestowing its bounties as well as its charities to those deserving. The past chief patriarchs are : J. C. Lane, S. P. Gorham, N. B. Reynolds, Benjamin Dunn, Geo. W. Foss, Almon C. Pray, Samuel Stetson, Everett H. Jones, Nahum Morrill, Dan Read, 3d, Uriah Read, John Holt, Geo. A. Callahan, J. M. Cook, Geo. A. Drew, Wm F. Garcelon, Hiram Snow, Wm Pulverman, Ai Brooks, J. D. Johnson, S. W. Cook, J. O. Nickerson, C. B. Heath, Frank A. Conant, Thomas W. Murch, Arion C. Peirce, John L. Pea- body, Melvin J. Googin, D. H. Holman, Thomas H. Jordan, Geo. W. Furbush, J. G. Elder, Lewis C. Peck, Albert L. Wells, Geo. F. Turner, Chas H. Plobbs, John S. Manson, Albion K. (3rdway, E. T. Hatch, L. P. Woodbury, Geo. W. Goss, Chas H. Osgood, R. W. Clark, Fred L Morrell, Fred J. Hodgkins, Everett E. Read, Aubrey G. Lothrop, Thomas F. Palmer, James M. Sherman, Robert W. Keist, Chas O. Morrell, E. O. Carll, J. E. Bailey, L. W. Daly. Grand Canton Worombus, JVo. 1, I. 0. 0. F. — The organization of a military branch of the order was a matter of special legislation by the Sovereign Grand Lodge in 1885. In 1884 a special committee was appointed, authorized to present a plan for such an organization at the next session of the Sovereign Grand Lodge. The plan presented, with slight modifications, was adopted at the session of 1885, a commanding officer elected, and measures adopted to institute cantons throughout the United States. Inspired with the belief that such an organization would give a healthful enthusiasm to the order, some of the members in this communit}'' took measures to secure the institution of one at Lewiston. The organization was perfected and a Grand Canton instituted February 16, 1886, by Lieut-Gen. J. C. Underwood, assisted by Lieut-Col Henry A. Cox as aide-de-camp. The officers were Henry M. Sprague, Com.; Chandler H. Barron, Lieut; J. M. Sherman, E.; J. M. Fernald, C. ; L. W. Daly, A. The charter members were : Oscar G. Douglass, Leonard P. Woodbury, Geo. W. Goss, Geo. A. Callahan, Geo. A. Drew, Edgar J. Riker, Arthur S. Melcher, John E. Miller, Lewis C. Peck, John Davis, Geo. W. Maxlield, Geo. H. Harmon, Wm H. Roberts, James Cooper, Wm Pulverman, Horace C. Beal, Dennis Harris, Chandler H. Barron, Rendall W. Clark, Fred I. Morrell, Fred J. Hodgkins, Israel B. Merrill, Rendall Dresser, Eben W. Dresser, Chas F. Goss, Benjamin F. Getchell, Henry T. Haskell, John Richardson, John L. Frost, Wm A. Shackford, Geo. W. Monk, Chas H. Foster, Jas S. Randall, Albert B. Nealey, John L. Peabody, Jas M. Fernald, Frank A. Conant, D. Horace Holman, Edwin Wakefield, Edward M. Lowell, Phil P. Getchell, Geo. F. Turner, Henry M. Austin, Byron A. Bearce, Chas 270 History of Androscoggin County. F. Cornish, Reuben M. Gordon, Chas W. Hill, Lucius C. Robbins, Palmer O. Spinney, Geo. W. P'urbush, Albert A. Foss, J. Frank Pickering, Fred Olfene, James O. Nickerson, Robert W. Keist, Jas M. Sherman, J. G. Elder, Herbert A. Cole, Alvah Doten, Jas T. Small, Ivory D. Stevens, Chauncy B. White, Fred G. Payne, Abner Linnell, Edwin O. Carll, John Corrigan, Edwin A. Lane, Aubrey G. Lothrop, Samuel H. Foster, Lorenzo W. Daly, Edwin N. Hutchins, Charles G. Corliss, Melvin J. Googin, Clinton B. Heath, Frank W. Dana, Daniel Guptill, John F. Lamb, Benj. Palmer, Silas W. Cook, Albion K. Ordway, Nahum Morrill, Wm E. Longley, Edward H. Kimball, Geo. W. Metcalf, Everett E. Read, Wm Dixon, Anson O. Wight, Thos Casson, Arthur E. Madison, Geo. L. Read, Henry B. Stearns, Wm A. Haines, Benj. B. Bradford, Anson Gilman, Warren E. Riker, Geo. W. Proctor, Fred A. Hall, Alvin T. Neal, Hiram A. Morrell, Chas H. Osgood, Chester M. Lord, David Williams, David P. Field, Henry H. Hanson, Fred S. Weymouth, Levi Greenleaf, John Harper, William Olfene, Charles Davis, Orrin A. Horr, Geo. H. Harris, Isaiah Merrill, Frank E. Sleeper, Wm H. Newell, Leonard C. Moore, Frank L. Noble, Wm Dickey, Henry A. Torsey, Horace C. Little, Frank G. Ham, Chas H. Hinckley, Wm Entwistle, Jos. H. Day, Chas W. Dexter, Chas S. Crowell, Geo. M. Coombs, Rufus Carr, Sewell H. Bagley, Thomas W. Murch, Marshall Emery, John T. Hale, Thomas F. Palmer. The canton has a drill corps of 34 members and three officers, which has been thoroughly trained, under the direction of Major Brabson. At a tournament at Cincinnati, July 26, 1888, participated in by drill corps throughout the country, they won the sixth prize, which was a banner, valued at $300, a purse of $200, and a gold medal valued at $100. Sahattus River Lodge, No. 21, I. 0. 0. jP., Lisbofi,^ was instituted March 17, 1874, by G. M. O. B. Whitten, assisted by W. F. Garcelon, D. G. M., Geo. A. Callahan, G. S., Daniel l^ucas, G. G., I. Hicks, G. M. The charter mem- bers were A. Callahan, J. M. Corbett, Thomas Judd, C. H. Keopka, John Marsden, F. H. Amback, E. M. Shaw, G. L. Stone. The officers installed at the first meeting were E. M. Shaw, N. G.; F. H. Amback, V. G.; J. M. Corbett, Treas. ; William Sheehan, Sec. From its organization Sabattus River Lodge has added constantly to its membership, and is socially and financially one of the best lodges of the order in the state. There are 109 members in good standing. The lodge owns its hall building, purchased in 1875, and valued at $2,000, has a paraphernalia second to none in Maine and valued at $500, and has a handsome amount in its treasury, with a large sum in investments. Past Grands — Augustus Callahan, E. M. Shaw, F. H. Amback, Wm Sheehan, N. J. Shaw, G. R. Avery, John Willard, A. H. Macurda, J. C. Moore, N. J. Wedgwood, M.D., A. Wakefield, Wm H. Miles, Frank Miles, Simeon Stone, Harrison Glidden, Thomas Douglass, A. W. Potter, M.D., H. G. Spear, Frank 1 By C. A. Jordan, Secretary. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 271 A. Jordan, H. P. Thompson, R. G. Greene, B. F. Thorn, Virgil Crockett, W. D. Byrnes, E. T. Smith, C. H. Foster, M. D. Oiificers, December, 1890: Charles Slater, N. G.; Frank Haley, V. G. ; Charles A. Jordan, Sec; Arthur Wakefield, Treas. Monami Lodge ^ No. ^O, L 0. 0. F., MecJianic Falls. — This lodge was insti- tuted by G. M. F. N. Laughton and other grand officers, November 20, 1874, at J. A. Bucknam's hall. In the previous September Alvin Reed, Charles Dwinal, F. A. Millett, G. L, Reed, and D. N. McCann held an informal meet- ing to consider the propriety of an organization. Their petition for a charter was granted, and the lodge entered upon a career of continued prosperity. A. C. Denison, A. J. Weston, C, M, Cram, A. L. Gaubert, Luther Perkins, J. H. Fernald, Charles Lane, J. I. Martin, D. B. Perry, J. W. Pray, J. J. Bucknam, and D. F. Cummings were accepted and instructed in the degrees at the first meeting. The first officers were: Alvin Reed, N. G. ; D.N. McCann, V. G.; G. L. Reed, Sec; Wm Whitney, Treas.; C. H. Dwinal, W.; F. A. Millett, C; D. F. Cummings, O. G.; John Pray, L G.; A. J. Weston, R. S. N. G.; A. L. Gaubert, L. S. N. G. ; D. B. Perry, R. S. V. G.; Charles Lane, L. S. V. G.; J. I. Martin, R. S. S.; J. J. Bucknam, L. S. S. In 1888 the lodge had 211 members in good standing, and owned real estate and other property to the amount of i<3,000. This membership had increased to 223 in April, 1891. During ten years prior to 1888 it relieved 161 brothers, paid out for sick benefits 14,182, for burying the dead |2,200, and to widows 11,800. Colfax Lodge, No. 27, Daughters of Rebekah, connected with this lodge, is in a flourishing condition. Among the officers, June, 1891, are: R. C. Mayberry, N. G.; A. B. Clapp, V. G.; E. K. Holbrook, R. Sec; O. H. Guptil, P. Sec; Z. Lane, Treas.; A. S. Ellsworth, W.; C. P. Lawrence, C; F. Newport, Chap. ; F. A. Millett, M.; Geo. E. Moore, L. The Past Grands are Alvin Reed, A. Lewis Gaubert, George L. Reed, Palmer T. Murray, Nathaniel Gammon, Hiram Perkins, David F. Cummings, Charles F. Brown, Herbert A. Gerry, Addison E. True, Albert V. Hathaway, Frank E. Thurlow, E. F. Bradford, T. D. Sale, O. H. Guptill, C. H. Dwinal, Andrew J. Weston, F. A. Millett, John W. Pray, Calvin M. Cram, Dimon B. Perry, John F. Briggs, Jesse M. Libby, Luther Perkins, John E. Saunders, George W. Bobbins, J. K. Denning, W. W. Dennen, Ernest K. Holbrook, Charles Lane, George Andrews. Orion Encampment, No. 27., I. 0. 0. F.., Mechanic Falh. — November 20, 1878, Orion Encampment was instituted by G. C. P. E. C. Chamberlain, assisted by other grand officers, a charter having been granted on the petition of G. L. Reed, F. A. Millett, E. A. Gammon, Wm Whitney, Hiram Perkins, J. J. Bucknam, D. B. Perry, I. A. Denison, P. T. Murray, and W. M. Green- leaf. The first officers were: G. L. Reed, C. P.; F. A. Millett, H. P.; P. T. Murray, S. W.; J. J. Bucknam, J. W.; W. M. Greenleaf, Scribe; Hiram Perkins, Treas. The encampment has grown steadily from its organization, 272 History of Androscoggin County. and is now in a prosperous condition with sixty members. The officers for term ending June 30, 1891 are: O. H. Guptill, C. P.; A. V. Hathaway, H. P.; A. E. True, S. W. ; A. B. Clapp, J. W.; L. W. Mason, Scribe; J. J. Bucknam, Treas. ; II. C. Mayberry, G.; Charles Lawrence, I. S.; W. E. Morton, O. S. The past chief patriarchs are: George L. Reed, F. A. Millett, Dimon B. Perry, Hiram Perkins, P. T. Murray, Wm M. Greenleaf, P. D. Herrick, Luther Perkins, A. J. Weston, A. L. Gaubert, E. A. Thomas, G. W. Robbins, S. T. Rowe, F. E. Thurlow, A. V. Hathaway, H. E. Thurston. The Past High Priests are: Frank A. Millett, Hiram Perkins, P. T. Murray, Wm M. Greenleaf, John W. Pray, E. A. Thomas, A. E. True, W. W. Dennen. Livermore Falls Lodge., No. 83, I. 0. 0. F., East Livermore, was organized June 9, 1881, with these charter members: David Cargill, D. F. Blount, A. B. Swift, H. H. Dyke, O. A. Barker, Granville Richmond, J. F. Lamb, S. E. Perkins, J. W. Dunham. The first officers were: David Cargill, N. G.; John W. Dunham, V. G.; D. F. Blount, Sec; G. Richmond, Treas.; O. A. Barker, W.; C. B. Knapp, C; J. F. Lamb, R. S. S.; C. F. Brown, L. S. S.; H. W. Bailey, I. G. ; W. S. Francis, O. G.; A. B. Swift, R. S. N. G.; H. H. Dyke, L. S. N. G.; S. E. Perkins, R. S. V. G. ; R. W. Weed, L. S. V. G. The first year 27 joined the lodge, 15 during the second year, 16 in the third, nine in the fourth, 12 in the fifth, 20 in the sixth, 11 in the seventh, 12 in the eighth, and in its ninth year 37 became members. The membership March, 1891, was 148. The officers then were: C. H. Dean, N. G.; F. H. Foss, V. G.; C. H. Gibbs, Sec; G. Richmond, Treas.; Alfred Riggs, W. ; J. Ridley, Con.; A. S. Wyman, R. S. S.; C. H. Thurston, L. S. S.; F. A. Millett, I. G. ; S. Smith, 0. G.; C. P. Brown, R. S. N. G. ; R. J. Mitchell, L. S. N. G.; Carroll D. Cargill, R. S. V. G.; F. A. Wendell, L. S. V. G.; David Cargill, Chap. Past Grands — l>Ay-i& Cargill, J. W. Dunham, R. W. Weld, F. A. Millett, H. E. Haines, James Ridley, C. H. Gibbs, H. C. Burcely, E. C. Dow, C. E. Knight, 1. T. Monroe, Wilder Pettingill. The lodge has had a most prosperous existence, and has erected Odd Fellows Block on Depot street. This block, an ornament to the village, cost 17,000, is 70 x 40 feet in size, and has three stories; the first one contains two stores, which, with the two suites of rooms in the second story, are rented, while the third is devoted to lodge purposes. The hall was dedicated June 11, 1891. Worumho Lodfie, No. 107, 1. 0. 0. F., Lisbon Falls,^ was instituted in Masonic Hall, Parkin's Block, June 25, 1884, by J. Henry Crockett, G. M., assisted by R. B. Capen, G. W., Joshua Davis, G. Sec, Stephen K. Dyer, G. Treas., Wm E. Plummer, G. M., and Geo. W. Goss, D. D. G. M. Its charter mem- bers were: Simeon Stone, N. G. ; Wm E. Stevens, V. G.; Benj. F. Thorn, Sec; Thos C. Rogers, Treas.; Geo. H. Lanaaster, Geo. D. Frost, Geo. R. Foster, A. D, Sawyer, Jeremiah Philbrook, A. T. Bibber, Chas E. Applehy, Jas E. Berry, 1 By William Parkin, Secretary. Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 273 Frank Maines, E. C Tarr, Luke B. Taylor, Chas IT. Keopka, and Harris Gins- burg. Names in italics are those of Past Grands. Having been very prosperous both financially and in other ways, April 3, 1889, the lodge removed from Masonic Hall into the large hall adjoining, which they leased for seven years, and furnished to the satisfaction of every member. At this date (July 23, 1890,) the lodge is in a flourishing condition, with the following named members admitted since its institution : L. L. Barrell, Wm Maines, Geo. E. I'hilbrook, Frank A. Coombs, Vincent A. Hogan, G. Eugene Robbins, TFm //. Foster, Elmer E. Gordon, W. T. Brodmerckel, Geo. W. Pratt, Reuben Harmon, A. D. Holmes, Jas H. Eaton, Edward 31. Holland, Jno. S. Randall, Wm Gyngell, Thos B. Brooks, Joseph H. Rabner, Jas S. Sakind, Albert Risska, Jas H. Eacott, Walter E. Plummer, W/n A. Brimijout, Moses Sheehy, Geo. H. White, Ofis S. Whife, Geo. W. Beal, Jas A. Beal, Frank Wagner, Chas F. Hackett, Wm Schellsmidt, Geo. E. ILtskins, Fred W. Jordan, Clarence L. Proc- tor, Geo. W. Keene, Geo. W. Curtis, Alden A. Appleby, Joshua Wakley, Fred F. Prosser, G. E. Reynolds, Jno. M. Dennison, Frank L. Smith, Willard Jones, Benj. F. Leavitt, Jno. C. French, Robert L. Dwelley, Herbert E. Lombard, Wm Parkin, Lorenzo D. Libby, E. R, Campbell, C. E. Huskins, L. Irving Phil- brook, Boothroyd Fearnley, Geo. A. Prosser, Harry H. Severin, Herbert W. Pike, and Fred E. Crosman. Meetings are held on Wednesday evenings. The officers installed January 14, 1891, were: B. F. Leavitt, N. G.; Wm Parkin, V. G. ; W. E. Stevens, Sec; F. C. Rogers, Treas.; C. E. Huskins, W. L. I. Philbrook,C.; W. H. Foster, R. S. N. G.; B. Fearnley, L. S. N. G.; O. S. White, R. S. V. G.; Geo. N. Pratt, L. S. V. G.; W. Jones, R. S. S. C. ; F. Hackett, L. S. S.; G. E. Reynolds, Chap.; L. D. Libby, O. G.; H. E. Lombard, I. G. ; W. E. Stevens, W. A.Brimijoin, C). S. White, Trustees. Androseoijiiln Lodge, No. 24, I- 0. 0. F., Auburn,^ was organized under a dispensation of the Grand Lodge in Febrnary, 1845, with these charter members: Alonzo Garcelon, Temple Tibbetts, George W. Foss, Freeman Newell, S. P. Gorham, Wm R. Frye, Edward P. Weston, Nelson B. Reynolds, W. R. French, C-harles Clark, Daniel B. Hawk, James F. Davis, John Herrick, John H. Durgin, Joel Lane, Samuel Stetson, Isaac C. Thompson, James Dingley. The charter is dated May 2, 1845. Edward P. Weston was elected the first Noble Grand. He was a graduate of Bowdoin College, of the class of 1849, and principal of Lewiston Falls Academy. He was afterwards state superintendent of schools, principal of Gorham Seminary and Little Blue School of Farmington. He died in Chicago, where he was president of a college. He was one of the best educators in Maine. Dr A. Garcelon, Hon. Wm R. Frye, Rev. W. R. French, and others, were extensively known, and the lodge commenced under favorable circumstances. Many applications were soon sent in; quite a number from adjoining towns. Several came from 1 By H. G. Garcelon. 274 History of Androscoggin County. Canton and Durham, and Lewiston was equally represented with Auburn. The lodge soon became a strong one, and has always been regarded one of the best in the state. Past (^rnw^s — Edward P. Weston, Frank W. Brooks, George W. Bumpus, George W. Curtis, James Dingley, George L. Duston, Richard Dresser, Clarence A. Davis, Ira W. Fitz, Horatio G. Garcelon, Lewis W. Haskell, John T. Hale, Rev. James J. Hall, Frank M. Jordan, Charles A. Jordan, Horace G. Kingsley, Josiah P. Longley, Edmund Libby, A. P. Lamb, Thomas Littlefield, Frank L. Lowell, Nahum Morrill, R. M. Mason, S. P. Miller, Franklin Martin, Clark Mitchell, Rev. Jason Marriner, Henry W. Oakes, O. C. Phillips, Merritt L Paine, John Read, Levi N. Smith, L. M. Starbird, L. L. Small, E. G. Spofford, Benjamin L. Tuttle, Albert E. Verrill, Dr L. P. Woodbury, Daniel Wood, George W. Yeaton, Clarence Young, Roscoe P. Wood, Frank C. Currier. Permanent Secretaries — Benjamin Dunn, H. G. Garcelon, J. M. Steadman, Joseph Littlefield, F. M. Brooks, George W. Bumpus. Mr Dunn served 12 years, Garcelon 10 years. Brooks 11 years. Bumpus has held the place since 1885. Treasurers — Wm S. Young, J. P. Longley, F. M. Jordan, Daniel Wood, James Dingley, L. W. Haskell, Frank A. Rendall. Recording Secretaries — James G. Read, John Read, Dana Goff, A. T. Bean, C. C. Frost, F. W. Gamage, W. H. Foss, H. G. Garcelon, A. M. Peables, O. C. Phillips, John March, H. A. Thompson, N. B. Reynolds, F. M. Jordan, C. F. Dunlap, Philip Briggs, J. F. Davis, Henry M. Sprague, L. L. Small, A. E. Verrill, Clarence Chase, George L. Duston. Since the lodge was organized it has had about 700 members, and now has (1890) 400. It has changed its place of meeting several times. For the last few years it has been located in Goff Block, the lodge leasing the entire upper story when it was built, and it was finished under its direction, so they have fine and convenient accommodations, and a long lease of them. Tliis hall is sublet to the other lodges of the order. The relief Androscoggin Lodge has afforded in times of sickness has been a great blessing to brethren when pecuniary aid was needed, and also when a few kind words and a warm grasp of the hand, with a " God bless you, my brother," has brought joy and comfort to the sick and affiicted. The words of a visiting brother Odd Fellow have often been like "aj)ples of gold in pictures of silver." JIi(/her Officers froin this Lodge. — P. G. John Read has held the office of Grand Master of the Grand Lodge and Grand Representative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge. P. G. Dr L. P. Woodbury holds an office in the Grand Encampment. P. G. H. G. Garcelon has been Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge. P. G. Read is secretary of Odd Fellows' Mutual Relief Association. Most of the old members have gone to their immortality. Their record has been made up. Tliey ever had the respect of the community at large. The influence they imparted to the lodge endures, and the good deeds it has Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 275 done, and the virtues it has inculcated have been in line with the principles of the order, and it has always stood well with the lodges of the state. Aboii Ben Adhem Lodge, No. 23, I. 0. 0. F., Auburn.^ — Although this lodge is the youngest of this order in this vicinity, its organization and subsequent work make it worthy a place beside any kindred organization in this city, and it has had a marked influence in bringing the order to the high position it occupies in Auburn and Lewiston. In 1872 Odd Fellowship was almost unknown to the writer, he knowing, like many others, that such an order existed, but being entirely ignorant of its aims find purposes. At that time Lewiston and Auburn had but one lodge each, and such low ebb had the order touched that Androscoggin Lodge, of Auburn, held its meetings in Odd Fellows Hall, Lewiston. With such a state of affairs, it is but reasonable to suppose that some residents of Auburn joined Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge who would have connected themselves with Androscoggin Lodge had it met in Auburn. The writer was one of that number, but in looking back he feels quite satisfied that he was ignorant of the situation, for it has enabled him to assist in a work that otherwise would have fallen to another. About this time the members of the order seemed to awake from their lethargy. Androscoggin Lodge began to agitate a return to its original home, new life seemed to be given it, a deeper interest soon prevailed, and, as a result, rooms were leased in Phoenix Block, Auburn, and a hall fitted up, which was considered second to none in the state. Li the fall of 1873 the Lewiston brethren felt the need of another lodge in Lewiston to such an extent that enough members of Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge and Androscoggin Lodge withdrew from their respective lodges and formed Golden Rule Lodge. This is mentioned to show the rapid strides taken by the order inside of three years, and how, indirectly, the above events aided the organization of this lodge and are closely allied with its formation. With this addition of a lodge and a rapidly increasing membership, it seemed possible to some of the brethren of Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge who resided in Auburn, to add greater interest to the order and a contribution to its membership by forming another lodge in Auburn. A few of them had been quietly at work for some time to accomplish this object, which was at first met by opposition and thought to be downright folly by those who opposed it. They argued that in a city which so short a time before could not support even one lodge, a second could but be a failure. It sometimes happens, however, that the greater the opposition, the more complete the success. It was so in this case. To C. M. Lander, Enoch Perkins, Geo. B. Briggs, and Chas S. Yeaton must be given, in a large measure, the credit for the existence of Abou Ben Adhem Lodge. They were residents of Auburn and believed in Auburn institutions. They met opposition with one answer: "We are bound to have another lodge." 1 By Charles S. Yeaton, P. G. 276 History of Androscoggin County. The sympathies of seven brothers of Androscoggin Lodge were enlisted, who, in conjunction with the 15 from Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge, were able to present quite a strong petition to the grand officers for the formation of another lodge. The Grand officers acted favorably upon it. Rooms had been secured by hiring of Androscoggin Lodge their beautiful hall. This lodge also kindly loaned its regalia and paraphernalia that the new lodge might be ready for business the night of its institution. Everything being in readiness, the grand officers were notified, and March 15, 1875, Grand Master Frederick M. Laughton, assisted by Joshua Davis, Grand Secretary, Hiram Snow, Deputy Grand Master, Henry P. Cox, Grand Guardian, Silas W. Cook, Grand Marshal, instituted Abou Ben Adhem Lodge, with these charter mem- bers: Isaac A. Johnson, Geo. B. Briggs, Henry L. Johnson, John D. Johnson, Martin W. Penley, Horace E. Penley, Chas S. Yeaton, Chas M. Lander, Enoch Perkins, Augustus M. Pulsifer, Chas E. Cook, Jas F. Cook, Chas A. Merrill, Nathan H. Lander, Henry D. Donovan, Geo. F. Stetson, Lyford N. Reynolds, Henry A. Noyes, Eliphalet C. Noyes, Almon W. Swett, Geo. H. Glover, Philip Briggs. Bros. Reynolds, E. C. and H. A. Noyes, Briggs, Swett, Glover, and H. E. Penley were from Androscoggin Lodge; the others from Manufacturers and Mechanics Lodge. After the institution ceremonies a dispensation was granted by the Grand Master to receive arid act upon applications for membership the same evening. The following names were presented and accepted: Chas Donovan, M. B, Preble, W. E. Irish, J. B. Jordan. P. G. M. Geo. A. Callahan being present, he was called to the chair by the Grand Master, who took that of the P. G., and the candidates were duly initiated. The election of officers resulted as follows: C. M. Lander, N. G.; Geo. F. Stetson, V. G.; Philip Briggs, R. S.; M. W. Penley, P. S. ; H. D. Donovan, Treas. ; Isaac A. Johnson, Enoch Perkins, A. W. Swett, Trustees. Grand Master Laughton then installed the officers. These minor officers were then appointed: Geo. B. Briggs, W.; H. A. Noyes, Con.; H. L. Johnson, I. G.; L. N. Reynolds, O. G. ; N. H. Lander, R. S. N. G.; H. E. Penley, L. S. N. G.; C. S. Yeaton, R. S. V. G.; Geo. H. Glover, L. S. V. G.; J. F. Cook, R. S. S. ; C. E. Cook, L. S. S. Seventeen applications were then read, making 21 received the evening of institution. The first regular meeting was hehl April 1, 1875, when two applications were received, and three candidates initiated. At the second meeting, April 9, two more applications were received, and ten initiated. June 30 (a little more than three months from its institution) the lodge voted "that an order be drawn on the treasurer, for 't800, to be phiced at interest." The elective ofiicers for the second term were: (ieorge F. Stetson, N. G.; ]*hilip Briggs, V. G.; Charles Donovon, R. S.; H. D. Donovan, Treas. The first death occurred this term, that of Bro. Elias M. Stevens, September 24, 1875. His death gave the lodge an opportunity to exemplify one of the great Masonic and Odd Fellow Societies. 277 principles of Odd Fellowship — " Bury the dead" — and he was buried with all the honors of the order. October 7 Bro. Philip Briggs tendered his resig- nation as V. G. Bro. George B. Briggs was elected and received the full honors of the term. December 30 George B. Briggs was elected N. G.; Enoch Perkins, V. G.; Isaac A. Johnson, P. S.; F. W. Hunton, R. S.; H. D. Donovan, Treas. The term following Enoch Perkins was chosen N. G. Bro. Perkins completed his term and "was succeeded by C. S. Yeaton. Thus far none but charter members had been elected to the important office of N. G. At the election held to choose a successor to Bro. Yeaton, Bro. J. B. K. Drake, a 3^oung member, was elected N. G. Then followed Bros. F. W. Hunton, J. W. Mitchell, Charles W. Campbell, S. S. Smith, and George F. Sturtevant, all new members. It was now a charter member's turn, and Bro. Henry A. Noyes was elected, and up to date (1890) he was the last of the charter members to hold that office. These names are given, as upon its officers depend almost wholly the success or failure of a lodge. They were the ones to place the lodge upon a solid foundation, shape its policy, and, in many cases, establish precedents for future lodge rulings. " As a twig is bent the tree is inclined." So with a lodge. If it takes pains to instill into its members the necessity of aiming as near perfection as possible in conducting lodge affairs, every member who takes office comes better equipped than he would be if no attention were paid to properly conducting the business of a lodge. That the above officers tried hard to do this is not saying too much ; how well they did their work the standing of the lodge to-day is evidence. Now, what has been accomplished? Has it been of benefit to the community? Has it carried out the teachings of the order — "We command you to visit the sick," "relieve the distressed," "bury the dead," and "educate the orphan?" There have been initiated 2.34 members. There has been paid out for sick benefits alone J|4,000; for watching with the sick, -1200; for special relief (and by this I mean aside from any lodge obligations — aperially needy cases), . Hunton; 1883, J. R. Brett, B. F. Green; 1884, S. B. Smith, A. T. Gammon; 1885, W. R. McGibbon, H. C. Whitman; 1886, W. H. Keith, E. G. Sprague ; 1887, E. A. Lothrop, E. E. Randall; 1888, N. S. Rand, George W. Chase; 1889, M. C. Hunton, Frank Rackliff; 1890, H. J. Reckard, George W. Merrill. These are the men who were instrumental in the upbuilding of this lodge, and many of them are active in lodge work. This list embraces none who have had the benefit of anything but a common-school education ; none who can lay claim to any great distinction ; none who are possessed of great wealth (reckoned from a worldly standpoint), 3^et among them are those who possess riches (measured by a higher standard — the possession of character), and an earnest desire to aid and assist their fellow-men. The names of a few like Bros. Pratt, Sturtevant, Metcalf, Rackliff, Green, Brett, Sprague, Whitman, S. B. and S. S. Smith are a sufficient guarantee of this. Pejeijscot Encampment., No. 6\ Auhurn.,^ was instituted A[)ril 10, 1874, by Grand Patriarch W. E. Pressey, assisted by Chas W. French, G. H. P.; O. G. Douglass, G. J. W.; A. D. Smith, G. S. W. ; N. G. Cummings, G. Scribe; F. T. Littlefield, G. Treas.; Jos. H. Wentworth, G. Sent.; Chas H. J{ich, G. Rep. The following named patriarchs were the charter members: Dana Goff, Chas M. Lander, John F. Davis, Jacob S. Parker, Jas S. Robbins, IL G. Garcelon, F. M. Gamnuige, Geo. F. Stetson, Clarence C, Frost, Isaac A. Johnson, Edmund Libby, A. T. Bean, Enoch Perkins, Chas S. Emerson, Jas S. Steadman, B. F. Wood, Seth P. Miller, Daniel Wood, Fred Kelley, Henry L. Johnson, J. M. Cook, W. H. Jordan, Geo. H. Harmon, John Read. The following officers were elected and appointed: John Read, C. P.; C. C. Frost, H. P.; S. P. Miller, S. W.; J. S. Parker, J. W.; Fred Kelley, Scribe; Isaac A. Johnson, F. S. ; A. T. Bean, Treas.; Henry L. Johnson, O. S.; J. F. Davie, I. S. ; Jas M. Steadman, G.; C. S. Emerson, 1st W. ; Jas S. Robbins, 2d W. ; C. M. Lander, 3d W. ; H. G. Garcehjn, 4th W. ; F. M. Gammage, 1st G. of 1\ ; W. H. Jordan, 2d G. of T. There were 36 applications made at the first meeting. August 1, 1874, the membership was 61, and November 14, 1890, 170. The encampment is in good working order, and has purchased new paraphernalia at a cost of ii<350. Officers, November 14, 1890: C. B. Currier, iBy B. L. Tuttle. 280 History of Androscoggin County. C. P.; Royal Pearl, S. W. ; M. C. Hunton, J. W.; Isaac Gocldard, H. P.; S. B. Smith, F. S. ; J. T. Hale, Treas. ; B. L. Tuttle, Scribe; J. H. Brabson, 0. S.; B. L. Ware, I. S.; S. H. Lovejoy, 1st W. ; S. B. Cushman, 2d W. ; E. C. Andrews, 3d W. ; W. S. Walker, 4th W. ; F. C. Currier, 1st G. of T. ; G. F. Keith, 2d G. of T. Meetings tlie second and fourth Tuesdays in each month in Odd Fellows Hall. Blah' L<>,l;ie, No. no, I. 0. 0. F., Tvrner^ — ln the winter of 1884-5, a number of Odd Fellows being located in Turner, a few conceived and put in rapid execution the plan of procuring a charter and instituting a lodge of 1. O. O. F. in Turner village. Of the leaders there may be mentioned as most active, W. B. Beals, H. L. Irish, Henry Morriss, J. W. Littlefield, and Caleb Blake. A petition to the Grand Lodge for a charter was drawn up by Dr H. L. Irish, and the requisite number of signers soon obtained. The christening of the embryonic lodge caused considerable discussion, but it was finally decided that it should be named in honor of Caleb Blake, to whose indefati- gable zeal it would be largely indebted for its existence, and the name " Blake Lodge" was accordingly chosen. On March 30, 1885, the Grand Lodge of Maine met at Turner village. Grand Master E. W. Conant presiding. The following petitioners appeared and were duly instituted a " Lodge of the I. O. O. F., to be known and hailed as Blake Lodge, No. 110, I. O. O. F., under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Maine ": James M. Allen, Caleb Blake, Fred W. Bonney, H. W. Burdin, W. B. Beals, S. W. Gary, H. A. Chase, C. H. Humphrey, A. H. Harlow, D. Y. Harlow, H. L. Irish, John Kimball, J. W. Littlefield, L. E. Merrill, Henry Morriss, J. W. Newell, A. H. Pratt, H. J. Pratt, J. F. Quimby, G. W. Snell, J. M. Virgin. On the same evening G. M. Conant installed the officers as follows: N. G., H. L. Irish; V. G., I). Y. Harlow; Sec, W. B. Beals; P. S., J. F. Quimby; Treas., Caleb Blake. Rapid additions were made to the membersliip, so that at the end of the year 23 had been initiated and one admitted by card. Since that time the lodge has steadily increased in number and strength. The upper room in the newly-built Methodist church was secured for a term of years for lodge purposes; and in this favorable location the lodge met until July 1, 1891, when it moved into Roberts's Hall, which they have leased for a term of years. The lodge owns an excellent building lot opposite W. H. French's store, purchased from the C. Blake estate, April 7, 1888. A new hall on this lot, which shall be a credit to the village and to the brotherhood, is a vision which is hoped and expected to become a reality in the near future. The plan and design of Odd Fellowship make the order popular everywhere among young men. Blake Lodge, young in years, is composed largely of young men ; and the additions made from time to time are from the ranks of those who, while in the prime of their manhood, understand the advantages that come of belonging to an order 1 By O. A. Sprague, M.D. The Press of Androscoggin. 281 which looks so carefully after the physical and moral welfare of its members. In January, 1891, the lodge numbered 77 members. Of these the following are Past Grands: H. L. Irish, D. Y. Harlow, L. E. Merrill, A. H. Pratt, F. T. Faulkner, H. J. Pratt, J. S. P. H. Wilson, Henry Morriss, A. L. Robinson, C. A. Bonney, W. P>. Bradford; S. D. Andrews, P. G. of Nonantum Lodge, Massachusetts; and E. H. Cole of Nezinscot Lodge. Of these, H. L. Irish has been and J. S. H. P. Wilson now is District Deputy Grand Master. Officers, January, 1891: W. B. Beals, N. G. ; Frank W. North, V. G. ; O. A. Sprague, R. Sec; L. H. Blossom, P. Sec; F. T. Faulkner, Treas. Deaths. — Caleb Blake, in honor of whom the lodge was named, was the first to be called from the lodge by death. He died July 20, 1885, in less than four months after the charter was granted. James M. Allen, Past Grand of Blake Lodge, died September 22, 1886. Walter Hutchinson died January 16, 1888 ; and W. L. Blossom, October 11, 1890. CHAPTER XIII. The Press of Androscoggin — County Medical Association — The Grange — Woman's Christian Temperance Union. THE PRESS OF Androscoggin. — In 1844 Holland & Lane, merchants of Lewiston, published 12 numbers of an advertising sheet. The Leioistoii Falls Advertiser., edited by Francis Lane, and in 1846 Joseph I). Davis, merchant of Goff's Corner, issued a small advertising sheet. The Cosmopolite, gratuitously for some weeks. These did not attain the rank of newspapers. Lewiston. — The Lewiston Journal, the pioneer newspaper of this county, was first published May 21, 1847, as a weekly, by William H. Waldron and Dr Alonzo Garcelon as W. H. Waldron & Co. Dr Francis Lane was editor for some months, and Dr Garcelon and Mr Waldron were the principal con- tributors. The office was in the second story of an old wooden building on Main street, standing where Jones Block was erected later. The Journal then was a folio of 33x28 inches, and was printed on a Franklin hand-press. Col William Garcelon was much interested in the office, and brought the press from Portland with his own team. He also "pulled" the impression for the first copy printed, and preserved the paper until his death. Dr Garcelon's business o})erations and professional duties occupied so much of his time that Mr Waldron had entire charge of the business, and on Dr Lane's retirement he became the editor. When the Journal was established, Lewiston and Auburn 282 History of Androscoggin County. had only 4,000 inhabitants, the water-power of the falls was almost wholly unJeveloi)ed, the towns later formed into Androscoggin county held political relations with four different counties, and the newspaper had no advantage of location. It was neutral in politics, acquired but a small circulation, and was kept alive only by careful management. Dr Garcelon retired in 1850. The circulation was then nearly 700. The Journal paid little attention to politics, o-ave brief summaries of domestic and foreign news, with such local news as came to hand, and kept the columns full of advertising, which did not yield much revenue. In 1851 tlie oflice was removed to the third story of (larcelon's building. The next three years were nuirked by anxiety, struggle, and faith. Then fortune smiled, Androscoggin county was formed, Lewiston Falls became a political center, and the county looked to the Journal for information. Business advertising and job work increased on both sides of the river. In 1854 the Journal warmly supported the new Republican party, and about this time Nelson Dingley, Jr, then a senior of Dartmouth College, began to contribute political articles. In 1855 Mr Waldron erected a brick block on Main street, removed the office to it, and introduced a Guernsey press. In September, 185(s Mr Dingley purchased one-half interest, and in 1857 became sole proprietor. Mr Dingley strove to make the Journal of such value that no resident of the county, whether favoring or opposing its politics, could afford to do without it, placed it among the leading journals of the state, and it soon largely increased its business and circulation. April 20, 1861, the first number of t\\Q Daily Journal was issued, a sheet 29x19 inches in size. For one year the Daily Journal added nothing to the profits of the office, and very slowly secured a permanent foothold and financial strength. It, however, in time attained a large subscription and advertising patronage and the reputation of being the ablest and most influential daily in Maine. In 1802 the Journal was moved to its present location. Journal Block being built to accommodate it. In 1863, Frank L. Dingley, brother of Nelson Dingley, Jr, a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1861, who had been on the editorial staff since his graduation, became a member of the firm of Nelson Dingley, Jr, & Co., which now publishes the paper. In 1866 the weekly became a quarto, and in 1868 the Journal was increased in size, and steam-power presses, folders, etc., were introduced. In 1887 the daily was made an eight-column paper with a double number Saturday, and in 1891 an eight-page paper regularly and a sixteen-page paper on Saturdays ; and the Weekly was made a sixteen-page paper. In 1890, Mr H. E. Andrews, who had been on the staff for several years, was admitted to the firm. Both the Daily and Weekly Journal have the largest circulation in Maine of any newspaper. The objects and aims of the publishers have been expressed thus : — It is the inteiitiou to so conduct the Journal as a progressive Republican and family newspaper, that it may be indispensable to all citizens of Maine who desire the completest The Press of Androscoggin. 283 news, and a profitable visitant at every fireside. We shall use extraordinary exertions to obtain the fullest local and state news, and the latest foreign and domestic intelligence, and labor to give a valuable summary of the transactions of this and other nations. Its agricultural department will be made both interesting and instructive. In many respects the Journal will bear a literary character, and, as it is here that we shall take especial pride, the pearls that are washing about in the great ocean of literature will be carefully gathered, and the original matter that comes under that head will not suffer in comparison with the selections. We shall not cease to make war on intemperance while we are able to strike a blow for the public good. The internal interests of the state we deem of vital importance to its prosperity, and, under all circumstances, we shall keep them prominently before us and strive for their promotion. The Leicisfon Repuhlican was established in 1860 by H. C. Johnson, which was succeeded by the Lewiston Herald^ a neutral paper, with daily and weekly editions, published by Johnson & Hale. Both were discontinued within a year. Mr Hale has been in charge of the Journal book-and-job department for the past 30 years. In 1868 two attempts were made to establish Democratic papers. In February one number of The Conservative was issued, and, during the campaign, Hon. E. K. Smart, of Camden, issued The Jaeksonian. The Lewii^ ^/^cr>^^/^ The Courts and Bench and Bar. 321 his mother, Mary Strout (Dunn) Pulsifer, was a daughter of Hon. Josiah Dunn, a man of prominence. In 1823 Dr Pulsifer removed to the island of Mt Desert, where Josiah attended the town schools until at 14 years he became a student at Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill, where he was fitted for college and took part of the first year's college course. He entered Waterville College in 1, but did not remain. From this time for some years his principal business was teaching. (His first school was taught at Mechanic Falls, when he was 15.) In 1810, 1841, and 1842 he was prin- cipal of the high school at Minot Corner. During these years he had been studying law with Jabez C. Woodman, of Minot, James O'Donnell, of Cray, and Codman & Fox, of Portland. He was admitted to the bar of the state at Portland in May, 1843, and at once began practice at Somesville in Hancock county. Legal business being neither extensive nor highly remunerative, Mr Pulsifer taught the graded school at Ellsworth, the next winter, and after- wards attended Harvard law school, and then located as an attorney in Columbia, Maine, where he remained until 1849, the last four years being postmaster. During this time he became interested in Pitman's system of phonograi)hy, and devoted all of his spare time to the practice of this art, in which he became skilled. In the fall of 1849 he joined a company of 40 (of which he was a director) that purchased a bark of 250 tons, a river steamboat, a cargo of lumber, two years' provisions, etc. They took the steamer apart, loaded it in the bark, and went to California, arriving there in June, 1850. Selling out, the company separated, Mr Pulsifer going to the mines, where he dug gold one year, and came back to Maine. Soon after, he engaged in trade at Minot Corner for three yeai's, and was postmaster, selectman, etc. In 1854 he was elected clerk of the courts of the new county of Androscoggin. His term was for three years from January 1, 1855. He was twice re-elected. In February, 1864, he was appointed paymaster in the U. S. service with the rank of major, and was in active duty until mustered out in 1865. The value of stenographic reporting in the courts of Maine had impressed itself on the leading jurists, and Major Pulsifer was invited by Judge Walton to pass the winter of 1866-7- at Augusta and aid in procuring the passage of an act authoi'izing the employment of stenographic reporters by the courts. This act was passed in the spring of 1867, and Major Pulsifer was appointed court stenographer and for a year was the only one employed. From the first he has been continuously engaged in reporting court proceed- ings in every county and under nearly every judge in Maine, and was reporter of decisions for four years. He was official reporter of the state senate in 1867 and of the house in 1868. January 1, 1855, Mr Pulsifer removed to Auburn, where he now resides. He married May 24, 1848, Helen A., daughter of Willard H. Woodbury, of Minot. They have five children: Abbie, Pitman, Woodbury, Cornelia, and Harriet. Major Pulsifer li.as been interested in 322 History of Androscoggin County. education, and has served with ability on the school boards of Columbia, Minot, and Auburn. He has given his children educational advantages ; they are thoroughly conversant with stenography, and all have reported for the courts. Pitman and Woodbury are at this writing clerks of important committees of the U. S. Senate. Abbie is reporting for the courts, and Cornelia is stenographer for the Ara Cushman Company. The children have all fol- lowed their father's profession with marked ability. Major Pulsifer is the father of stenography in Maine, one of its earliest teachers in New England, and as an instructor is unrivaled. Richard Dresser was born in Cape Elizabeth, Me. The family came to that place from Gloucester, Mass. His paternal grandfather with his two brothers participated in the battle of Bunker Hill and other engagements of the Revolution. From his tenth year Mr Dresser resided in Danville for four years, then in Pownal until 1854, when he made his home in Auburn. His education was obtained in the common schools. When 19 years old he began teaching and taught twelve successive winters. He was a carpenter until 1850. After that time he carried on the daguerreotyping and photographing business about 14 years. While engaged in this he gave his leisure time to reading law, and was admitted to the bar at Auburn in May, 1868. During his residence in Pownal he was one of the superintending school committee several years, and served one term as selectman. From 1850 to 1854 he was county commissioner of Cumberland county. He was at various times lieutenant, captain, and major in the militia. He has held the offices of town clerk and treasurer of Auburn seven years, and assessor four years. In 1875 he was appointed judge of Auburn Municipal Court, in which office he still continues, discharging its duties conscientiously and to the satisfaction of the community. In 1847 Judge Dresser married Mary A. Hammond, of New Gloucester. They have had two children. Ai>EL BoYNTON was a practicing lawyer at Little River, now Lisbon Falls, for some years in the early settlement of the town. After him came one Stowell who remained but a short time, and was succeeded by one Alden who made but a short sojourn. Samuel Gooch came to Lisbon in 1822, practiced in Lisbon till 1827, when his place was taken by Samuel Moody. Stetson L. Hill. [See page 255.] Hon. William Wheeler Bolster was born in Rumford, Me, July 6, 1828. He is the son of General Alvan Bolster, of Ixumford. He attended the public schools of his native town, and the academies of Bethel, Me, and Peacham, Vt, where he fitted for college, teaching in various towns in Maine and Vermont in vacations. In February, 1845, he commenced the study of law with Isaac Randall, Esq., and Judge Walton, at Dixfield. He graduated from Harvard Law School at Cambridge, Mass., August 25, 1847, The Courts and Bench and Bar. 323 and is a member of the Harvard Law Association. He was admitted to the bar April 15, 1846, at the April term of the Supreme Judicial Court in Portland, and entered upon his professional duties at East Rumford, and resided there till October, 1852, when he moved to Dixfield, where he followed his profession for the next twenty years. In October, 1872, he came to Auburn, where he formed a partnership with A. M. Pulsifer, with their law office in Lewiston. He has practiced with success in Oxford, Franklin, Androscoggin, and Cumberland counties. While in Dixfield he was senior member of the law firms of Bolster & Ludden, Bolster & Richardson, Bolster & Wright. In September, 18(51, he was elected county attorney for Oxford county; re-elected in 1804 for three additional years. In 1871 he compiled the " Tax Collector and Form Book " ; in 1880 the " Tax Collector's Book." Both are in general use throughout the state. In connection with these works, he compiled an " Invoice and Valuation Book," an " Assessment Book," a " Tax Collector's Book," and a " Highway Surveyor's Book " for the use of town officials. Since the adoption of the Revised Statutes of 1883, they have been revised by him and adapted to the present law. While living in Rumford and Dixfield he served several terms in each town as a member of the superintending school committee. In 1877-8 he was alderman in tlie city government of Auburn; for three years after he was city solicitor. In May, 1848, he received the appointment of clerk in the office of secretary of state, which office he held by annual appointment until 1858, with the exception of a single year. During two sessions of the legisla- ture he discharged the duties of miscellaneous clerk, and throughout six other sessions he had charge as engrossing clerk of the engrossing department; in 1857 the statutes of Maine were revised, and the engrossment of the revised code was under his supervision. For a year and a half he was commission clerk, which office he resigned in May, 1858, on account of ill health. In September, 1868, he was elected state senator from Oxford county; re-elected in 1869, and in 1870 was chosen president of the senate. January 15, 1873, he was appointed state bank examiner, and re-appointed February 2, 1876, holding the office six years. In January, 1883, he was elected to the executive council for two years. February 5, 1885, he was appointed a trustee of the State Iveform School; re-appointed February 6, 1889, he now holds the office. February 17, 1849, he was elected and commissioned first lieutenant in Company A of the Rumford Riflemen, of the Second Brigade of the Sixth Division of Maine Militia. July 12, 1851, he was promoted to the captaincy, which he resigned and was honorably discharged April 16, 1852. October 3, 1864, he was appointed to the office of division advocate, with the rank of major, on the staff of Major-General W. Wirt Virgin — now Judge Virgin — who commanded the Third Division of the State Militia. This post he lield during General Virgin's term of office. At the breaking out of the Rebellion 324 History of Androscoggin County. in 1861, under orders from General Virgin, lie was actively engaged in organ- izing the militia composing the Third Division. In 1846 he joined the Sons of Temperance and has ever since identified himself with temperance reform. December 9, 1856, at Livermore, he was admitted to the third degree of Masonry in Oriental Star Lodge. Since August, 1878, he has been president of the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Company of Auburn. At the organization of the American Banking and Trust Company, succeeding the Maine Mortgage Loan Company, he was elected its president, which office he now holds. In religion he is a Universalist; in politics, a Republican. Before the organization of the Republican party he was a Democrat. In August, 1852, he was a member of and actively participated in the memorable county convention of anti-slavery Democrats, Free Soilers, and Whigs, which met at Norway and formed the l{ei)ublican party, and then first nominated a full set of county officers. \Vhile in practice Mr Bolster attained and maintained a high rank as a lawyer, and conducted trials of important causes. In later years he has devoted more time to other pursuits than to his profession, but still occasion- ally appears in court. He was married October 15, 1848, to Martha Hall, daughter of Joseph Adams, M.D., of Rumford. She died August 20, 1866. August 17, 1868, he married Florence Josephine, daughter of Colonel Lewis Reed, of Mexico. Asa p. Moore was born in Portland, August 23, 1823, and was educated in the public schools of I*ortland. After leaving school he went to sea and rose to the position of first officer of a ship. Becoming weary of a life upon the ocean, he left that occupation, removed to Lisbon, and entered upon the study of law. While pursuing his studies his services were often required as a magistrate, land surveyor, and conveyancer. He was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county in April, 1860, and began business as a lawyer immedi- ately thereafter at Lisbon, succeeding Samuel Moody, where he has since resided. He was supervisor of schools from 1851 to 1855, inclusive. He married, July 12, 1847, Miss Susan P. Andrews, of Lisbon, now deceased. Hon. Charles William Goddard, son of Henry Goddard, Esq., was born in Portland, December, 1825. He was educated in the public schools of Portland, and was graduated from Bowdoin College in the class of 1844. He read law in the office of Howard & Shepley, and was admitted to the bar in Cumberland county, October, 1846, began practice in Portland, remaining there about three years, when he came to Auburn, having his office in Lewiston, where he was in active practive 16 years, with the exception of four years, when he was U. S. Consul-General in Constantinople. He was appointed the first county attorney for Androscoggin county in 1854, and held the office to and including 1857, during which time he was, on account of the feeble health of the attorney-general, the leading counsel for the state in the famous trial of George Knight for the murder of his wife ; he was a member The Courts and Bench and Bar. 325 of the state senate from Androscoggin county in 1858 and 1859, and the last year was its president; was appointed U. S. Consul to Constantinople in 1861, which office he held until 1864. In 1866 he moved from Auburn to Portland. In 1867 he was placed, by appointment of Governor Chamberlain, on the commission for the equalization of municipal war debts of the state. The same year he was appointed justice of the Superior Court of Cumberland county and held that office until 1871, when he was appointed postmaster of Portland, which position he held twelve years. In 1872 Judge Goddard was appointed to the lectureship on medical jurisprudence in the Medical School connected with Bowdoin College, and was afterwards chosen by the boards of the college professor in that department. In 1881, by a resolve of the legislature, he was appointed commissioner to revise the general and public laws of the state of Maine. The duties of that commission were discharged with great faithful- ness and ability. He was a director of the American Peace Society and a member of the Association for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations. He married first, Caroline R. Little, daughter of Hon. Thomas B. Little, of Auburn, who died in 1853. In 1857 he married Rowena C. Morrill, daughter of ex-Governor Anson P. Morrill, of Readfield, who survives him. He died in Portland, March 9, 1889. Judge Goddard was a gentleman of unquestioned integrity, honest and faithful in all the relations of life, and possessing great decision of character. He believed that the laws of tlie land should be enforced, and acted upon that principle without fear, favor, or affection for any party brought before him, always striving to deal out exact justice in every case. He possessed a fine literary taste, was learned in the law, an accomplished gentleman, a sound lawyer, eloquent advocate, upright judge, a warm friend, and agreeable companion. Hon. Thomas Amory Deblois Fessenden, son of General Samuel Fessenden, was born at Portland, January 23, 1826. He was fitted for college at North Yarmouth Academy, and passed his freshman year in Dartmouth College, the other three at Bowdoin, and was graduated in 1845. He then began the study of law in the office of Willis & Fessenden, Portland. He was admitted to the bar in Cumberland county in April, 1848, and then opened an office at Mechanic Falls. In 1850 he moved to Auburn and formed a copartnership with Judge Morrill, wliich continued eight years, afterwards with Hon. William P. Frye, which lasted ten years. He was delegate to the Ivepublican National Conventions which nominated General Fremont in 1856, and General Grant in 1868. He was elected representative from Auburn to the Maine legislature in 1861; was elected county attorney in 1861, which position he held until elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress for the unexpired term of Hon. Charles W. Walton, resigned. In 1868 he was chosen presi- dential elector. He married Miss Elizabeth R. Titcomb, daughter of Silas Titcomb, Esq., of Lewiston. He died in Auburn, September 28, 1868. The 326 History of Androscoggin County. historian of Bowdoin College makes the following just estimate of his char- acter: "Possessing a fine person, winning manners, easy address, he was well fitted to wield influence over men, was successful at the bar and in legislative debate. With a character marked by true nobility, scorning intrigue or duplicity, of great purity and integrity, and of a genial humor, he had the confidence of men." Cyrus Knapp, of East Livermore, son of Joseph and Deborah Cushman Knapp, was born in Kingfield, January 4, 1827. His mother was the eldest daughter of Andrew Cushman, a Revolutionary soldier. He attended the common schools of his native town until he was 18 years of age, when lie entered Monmouth Academy, where he continued until 1849. During his connection with Monmouth Academy he taught common and singing schools in the winters. After leaving school he entered upon the study of law in the office of Judge Seth May, in Winthrop. He was admitted to the bar in Kennebec county, October, 1852. In March, 1853, he commenced the practice of his profession at Livermore Falls. The following year he was elected one of the superintending school committee of East Livermore, and held the office, by successive elections, ten years, and later was chosen supervisor of schools for two years. March 2I>, 1854, he was appointed, by Governor Crosby, clerk of the courts of Androscoggin county, which office he held two years. He was elected representative to the state legislature from East Livermore in 1858 and 1871. April 7, 1871, he was appointed, by Governor Perhara, judge of probate for Androscoggin county, to fill the unexpired term occasioned by the resignation of Judge Luce, and subsequently was elected to the same office, which he held one term. He moved to Auburn in September, 1873, where he continued to reside until October, 1875, when he returned to Livermore Falls, where he has since resided. He married Miss Ellen S. Luce, daughter of Oren and Ellen C. Luce, then of Livermore Falls. Judge Knapp does not devote his whole time to the practice of his profession, but he is a lawyer of no mean ability, an ingenious and successful advocate, and has been a prominent attorney at the Androscoggin bar. John W. May, son of Hon. Seth May, was born in Winthrop, January 21, 1828. He was graduated from Bowdoin College in 1852. He read law with his father in Winthrop, and was admitted to the bar in Kennebec county in 1857. He practiced in Winthrop until 1863, when he removed to Auburn, and continued practice with his father, under the firm name of S. & J. W. May, in Lewiston until 1873. He was admitted to practice in the U. S. Circuit Court at Portland in 1867, was appointed register in bankruptcy in 1873, and held that office until the repeal of the bankruptcy law in 1878. He married, in 1861), Miss Hattie B. Wiggin, daughter of Dr H. L. K. Wiggin, of Auburn. Mr May, while not entirely relinquishing the practice of his profession, has for several years past given his attention to the management of his estate. He is The Courts and Bench and Bar. 327 a gentleman of fine literary tastes, and has written several humorous and other poems, a volume of which was published by him a few years since and was received with marked favor by his friends, for whose pleasure it was printed. Albion K. P. Knowlton was born at New Portland, Me, December 10, 1829. He fitted for college at Hebron Academy, and was graduated at Colby University, then Waterville College, in 1854. He was principal of Thomaston Academy from 1856 to 1859, and of the Lewiston High School from 1860 to 1863. He was admitted to the bar in 1860, having read law in the office of Fessenden & Frye, and has always practiced his profession in Lewiston. He was judge of the Lewiston Municipal Court from 1872 to 1876, and alderman of Lewiston in 1871, 188(>, and 1887. He is Past Master of Ilabboni Lodge, F. and A. M., Past High Priest of King Hiram R. A. Chapter, and a member of Dunlap Council and Lewiston Commandery, K. T. Bartlett C. Frost, son of Oliver P. and Esther Frost, was born in Leeds. He emigrated from the state several years since and is now attorney- at-law and solicitor in chancery at Phillipsburg, N. J., and has attained prominence in his profession. Hon. Mandeville Treat Ludden was born at Canton, Me, February 17, 1830. He was educated at the public schools and at Maine Wesleyan Seminary. He studied law with Hon. Timothy Ludden, of Turner, and grad- uated at the Harvard Law School in 1854. He was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county, August, 1854, and was the first one admitted to the bar in the county after its incorporation. January 1, 1856, he was married to Miss Mary E. Jewett, at Kent's Hill, who survives him. He commenced practice at Turner with Hon. Timothy Ludden. In 1869 he moved to Lewiston, where he resided until his decease. In 1863 he was elected county attorney of Androscoggin county and re-elected in 1864. In 1867 and 1868 he was elected state senator. He was city solicitor of Lewiston from 1871 to 1881, was a member of the common council and of the board of aldermen, and was elected mayor in 1881. Bowdoin C^ollege conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts, in 1880. Mr Ludden died at Lewiston, September 21, 1882. The appendix to volume 79 of Maine Reports contains a truthful biographical sketch of Mr Ludden, written by his partner. Col. F. M. Drew, from which the following is taken: — Mr Ludden was an able counselor and a successful advocate In his practice, while he was faithful to his client, he did not forget that in the temple of justice he was also a priest to guard its sacred shrine. ... He was a kind and generous man. How- ever humble or poor, no one ever in vain solicited his services from want of intiueuce or money, and no client was ever oppressed for payment of the compensation he had justly earned. . . . But above all these good qualities and virtues, as the heavenly is above the earthly, he was a Christian man . . . respected and esteemed by all who knew him. Hon. William P. Frye, LL.D., son of Colonel John M. Frye, born at Lewiston, September 2, 1831, was graduated at Bowdoin College in the class 328 History of Androscoggin County. of 1850, and admitted to the bar in Lincoln county at the October term of the Supreme Judicial Court, 1852. He was a member of the legislature in 1861, 1862, and 1867; was mayor of Lewiston in 1866 and 1867; was attorney- general of the state of Maine in 1867, 1868, and 1869; was elected member of the National Republican Executive Committee in 1872, re-elected in 1876, also in 1880; was elected a trustee of Bowdoin College in June, 1880 ; received the degree of LL.D. from Bates College in July, 1881 ; was presidential elector in 1864; was a delegate to the National Republican Conventions in 1872, 1876, and 1880; was elected chairman of the Republican State Committee of Maine in place of Hon. James G. Blaine, resigned, in November, 1881 ; was elected a representative from the second district in Maine in the Forty-second, Forty- third, Forty -fourth. Forty-fifth, Forty -sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses; was elected to the United States Senate, as a Republican, to iill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Hon. James (1. Blaine (appointed Secretary of State), and took his seat March 18, 18. In December, 1866, he became principal of Lewiston Falls Academy for one year. He studied law with Hon. Nathan Clifford, of Portland, and Record & Walton in Auburn. He was admitted to practice as an attorney January 27, 1859, and became a member of the law firm of Ivecord, Walton & Luce. Mr Walton was elected to Congress in 1860, and retired from the firm. The firm of Record & Luce continued until September, 1862, when Mr Luce entered the army as lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty-third Maine. He was in the army until July, 1863. The next fall he was elected judge of probate. He continued the practice of law, occasionally taking a hand in politics, until 1869, when he was appointed U. S. assessor of internal revenue for the Second District of Maine. In 1869 he was a member of the common council of Auburn, also one of the superintending school com- mittee. In 1871 he was appointed judge of the municipal court, Lewiston, and resigned the office of judge of probate. In 1872 he published the Maine Probate Manual for the use of practitioners in the })rol)ate courts. The manual is in use in most of the counties of the state. In 1873 he was connected with the U. S. geological survey of Colorado. In 1874 he moved to Somerville, Mass., and practiced law in Boston until 1881, when he was appointed judge of the i The Courts and Bench and Bar. 329 Second District Court of Eastern Middlesex, holden at Waltham, Mass., where he now resides. He has served on the school boards of Somerville and Wal- tham, and for several years has been president of the Waltham Savings Bank. While in Auburn and Lewiston his attainments as a lawyer secured him the respect of the courts, the esteem of his brethren at the bar, and the confidence of his clients, and he was highly respected for his honorable character, and for his interest in and efforts for the intellectual, moral, and material welfare of the two cities. Judge Luce married first, Mrs Phebe L. Adams, of Wilton, who died in 1874 ; second, Miss Sarah J. Mills, in 1879. Seth D. Washburn, son of Reuel Washburn, was born at Liverraore, June 21, 1832. He was educated in the public schools of his native town and at Farmington Academy. He studied law with his father and was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county in January, 1861. He married Miss Julia C., daughter of Job Chase, Esq., of Livermore, March 8, 1871. He practiced his profession for about twelve years, when he abandoned the law for agriculture. While he takes a deep interest as a citizen in whatever appears to be beneficial to his native town, he has steadily refused all offices, although frequently solicited to accept tliem at the hands of his fellow-citizens, devoting himself to the management of his private affairs. He is esteemed by his townsmen and all others who know him as an honorable man. Augustus M. Pulsifer, son of Moses Rust Pulsifer, M.D., formerly of Poland, and Mary Strout (Dunn) Pulsifer, was born in Sullivan, June 15, 1834, and was a graduate of Bowdoin College in the class of 1858. He read law with Record, Walton & Luce, in Auburn, and was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county in September, 1860. He has served as chairman of the school board, and as president of the common council of the city of Auburn. He was county attorney from 1870 to 1873, inclusive, and was one of the projectors and a director of the Auburn Aqueduct Company. The Little Androscoggin Water-Povver Company was organized by him in 1870, and he has been a director and its treasurer and clerk since its formation. Mr Pulsifer retains his connection with the liar Association, but liis duties as au officer of the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Company liave so engrossed his atten- tion and occupied his time that he has rarely undertaken the conduct of trials in the courts. He married July 2, 1863, Harriet, daughter of George W. Chase, Esq., of Auburn. They have seven children, the eldest of whom, Jeanie Deane Pulsifer, is an artist; and the next, James A. Pulsifer, is a grad- uate of Colby University, class of 1888, and of the National Law School in Washington, D. C, class of 1891. John I). Stetson was born in Durham in March, 1835, and was grad- uated from Bowdoin College in the class of 1858. He taught the Lewiston High School four years, then read law in the office of Fessenden & Frye, and was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county, January, 1860. He 330 History of Androscoggin County. commenced practice in Lewiston, remaining there until 1877, when he removed to Red Wing, Minn. Marshal Dixey Chaplin was born in Bridgton, October IS, 183(i. He fitted for college at the North Bridgton Academy, graduated from Bowdoin College in the class of 1860, studied law with Hon. Henry C. Peabody, of Portland, and was admitted to the Cumberland bar, January, 1864, and commenced practice in Lewiston, where he continued in business until his decease. He came to his death by being burned in his lodging room adjoining his office on Lisbon street in Lewiston, on the night of December 3, 1870. Mr Chaplin was rather retiring in his habits. A gentleman of fine literary tastes and ac(|uirements, his kindly disposition secured him many friends. Emery (). Bicknell was born in Paris, March 30, 1837, was educated at the Oxford Normal Institute and Bethel Academy, and took a special academic course, covering a part of a college course. He read law with Record, Walton & Luce, at Auburn, was admitted to the Androscoggin bar, September, I860, and commenced practice in Lewiston. In June, 1869, he located in Boston, where he is in practice. He was elected county attorney of Androscoggin county in 1866, and held the office three years. He married Margaretta Tracy, June 24, 1868, at Lisbon. CoL. Franklin M. Drew was born in Turner, July 19, 1837, was fitted for college at Hebron Academy, and was graduated from Bowdoin College in 1858. He read law with Bradbury, Merrill & Meserve in Augusta, and was admitted to the bar in Kennebec county April 3, 1861. He had been assistant clerk of the Maine house of representatives in 1860-1, and in June, 1861, he began practice in Presque Isle, Aroostook county. In August he was nominated for county attorney, but deciding to enter military service the nomination was declined. Volunteering for three years' service October 22, 1861, he was com- missioned captain of Co. G, 15th Regt Me Vols, promoted major September 10, 1862, and was mustered out at expiration of service, January 26, 1865, and brevetted colonel U. S. V. for "faithful and meritorious services during the war." Returning to civil life he engaged in the practice of law at Brunswick and in 1886-7 was clerk of the Maine house of representatives. In 1868 he was elected secretary of state and served four years, and in 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875 was U. S. pension agent at Augusta. In October, 1878, he formed a law partnership with Hon. M. T. Ludden in Lewiston (who died in 1882), and has been in practice in that city since, admitting L. G. Roberts, Esq., as a partner in 1891. He was elected judge of probate for Androscoggin county in 1888 and assumed office January 1, 1889. Colonel Drew has been identified with all the movements tending to the betterment of the community and country, has been active in the Grand Army of the Republic and was department commander in 1889; has been secretary of the board of trustees and ex-officio member of the board of overseers of Bowdoin College since 1865; is a The Courts and Bench and Bar. 331 member of the Maine Historical Societ}'-, and is prominent in Christian labors and Y. M. C. A. work. Willaed Francis Estey was born at North Easton, Mass., August 30, 1839. He was educated in public schools and at Phillips Exeter Academy, where he graduated in the class of 18G2, and afterwards read law three years with the Hon. Ellis Ames, at Canton, Mass., and was admitted to practice in the Massachusetts courts in February, 186G, at Dedham; in 1870 was admitted to the bar of the Circuit Court of the United States, at Boston. In 1883 he removed to Lewiston, and was admitted to practice in Maine, in April, 1885, at Auburn, and became a member of the firm of Dana & Estey, Lewiston. He has practiced law at Hyde Park and Boston, Mass., and was a member of tlie firms of Estey & Andrews and Estey & Terry. From 18G8 to 1872 he held the commission of trial justice for Norfolk county, and served on the boards of school committee in Dedham and Hyde Park, Mass., for a number of years. He married a daughter of William Withington. John B. Cotton was born in Woodstock, Conn., August 3, 1841, and soon after his parents moved to Clinton, Mass., remaining until he was 18, when his father removed to Lewiston. He fitted for college at Lewiston Falls Academy, and by the liberality of John C. Bradbury, Esq., of Saco, for whom he was named, lie was enabled to pursue his collegiate course at Bowdoin College, graduating in the class of 1865. He read law at Lewiston in the office of Messrs Fessenden & Frye, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1866. Upon the decease of Mr Fessenden, in 1868, he became a member of the firm of Frye & Cotton, and continued in this firm and that of Frye, Cotton & White until 1889, when he was appointed assistant attorney-general of the United States, charged with the defense of the government in the court of claims, and removed to Washington, D. C. He served one terra upon the school committee and one year in the common council while a resident of Lewiston. He married a daughter of Mark Lowell, Esq., of Lewiston. Hon. Thomas Hawes Haskell was born in New Gloucester, May 18, 1842. He fitted for college at Paris Hill Academy and Norway Liberal Institute, to enter in the fall of 1862; but, being drafted into the army, served nine months in the Twenty-fifth Maine. In the summer of 1863 he commenced the study of law with Hon. Nahum Morrill and continued until admitted to the bar, February 1, 1865. He then became partner of his instructor until he removed to Portland, July 5, 1866, with Hon. Charles W. Goddard, where they continued as law partners until the latter was appointed to the superioj- bench in 1868, when he joined in professional business Hon. William W. Thomas, Jr, until February 1, 1878; then Hon. Nathan Webb took him as copartner, until he was appointed to the bench of the U. S. District Court in February, 1882, when Edward Woodman, of Portland, succeeded to the firm. They enjoyed a lucrative practice until Mr Haskell 332 History of Androscoggin County. was appointed to the supreme bench of the state, March 31, 1884. He took his seat upon the bench the next April, in Androscoggin county, where he had been admitted to the bar 19 years before. Judge Haskell served two terms in the common council of Portland, and twice as county attorney for Cumberland county by appointment from the court, and once by appointment from the governor. He is the youngest member of the bench. He is a grand-nephew of the late Chief Justice Whitman, of the same bench, through his mother, and on his father's side is descended from the Parsons family, so well known to the profession in Massachusetts. Charles E. Wing was born in Livermore, July 2, 1842. He was educated in the schools of Livermore, and several years of his early life were employed in teaching and as a traveling salesman, in both of which occupations he won success. When 34 years old he entered the employment of his brother, Hon. George C. Wing, with whom he read law, and was admitted to the bar at Auburn in April, 1877. He immediately became a partner of his brother, forming the firm of George C. & Charles E. Wing, with offices in Auburn, and has since been engaged in his profession, devoting himself chiefly to office business, but occasionally conducting (and creditably) causes in court as an advocate. He married, November 11, 1872, Harriet F. Stevens, of Fayette. He is a staunch Republican, but has never sought office. Adelbert D. Cornish, of Lewiston, was born at Lisbon, February 3, 1843. After a thorough preparatory course of study he entered Bowdoin College, remained until the close of his sophomore year, and then read law in the office of Bicknell & Stetson, of Lewiston, and was admitted to practice in April, 1868. He was elected city solicitor in 1873 and 1874, was a member of the common council in 1881 and 1882, and was president of the common council in 1882. He was a representative from Lewiston in 1874, and was appointed judge of Lewiston Municipal Court in 187<), which office he has continued to hold by successive appointments. Hon. Liberty H. Hutchinson was born in Milan, N. H., March 1, 1844. He was the son of Edwin F. Hutchinson, then of Milan, afterwards of Auburn, Me. His early life was passed upon his father's farm, in the labors and amid the homely and simple circumstances usually incident to life upon a farm in the more remote and secluded country towns. His early education was received in the district school. After this preliminary training on farm and in school, and with some experience as a teacher in the district schools, he entered Lancaster Academy, Lancaster, N. H., in August, 1864, where he finished his preparation for college in May, 18(57. In the latter year he entered Bates College. He left college in 1870, and immediately began his law studies in the office of Hon. M. T. Ludden. He was admitted to the bar in October, 1870, and opened an office in Auburn, where he remained until July 1, 1871, when he formed a copartnership with Hon. Calvin Record The Courts and Bench and Bar. in Lewiston, as Record & Hutchinson. This copartnership was dissolved in March, 1875, and a new firm organized, composed of Mr Hutchinson and A. R. Savage, as Hutchinson & Savage. W. W. Sanborn, Esq., was at one time a member of the firm, then Hutchinson, Savage & Sanborn. At another time Frank D. Hale was a member of the firm, at which time it was Hutchinson, Savage & Hale. Mr Hutchinson resided in Auburn from 1867 to 1876, and later in Lewiston. He was a member of the superintending school committee of Auburn, and served upon the school committee and in both branches of the city council of Lewiston. He was representative from Lewiston in 1879, 1880, and 1881, and while serving for the third session was speaker. His health soon after failed, and he died September 8, 1882. He married Mary W. Emery, of Clinton, Mass., by whom he had five children, Annie L., Albert S., Edwin L., Mary E., and Grace. Hon. Jesse M. Libby, of Mechanic Falls, was born in Danville (now Auburn), March 28, 1846. He was educated at the Nichols Latin School and Bates College, graduating from Bates in the class of 1871. He read law in the ofhce of Strout & Holmes, at Portland, and was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county in Septeud:)er, 1874. He commenced the practice of his profession in Lewiston, where he remained six months, and then moved to Mechanic E'alls where he has since continued business. He has held the office of supervisor of schools in Poland, and represented Poland in the legisla- ture in 1878. He was county attorney for Androscoggin county from 1887 to 181)1, and at the September election of 1890 he was elected state senator for the years 1891 and 1892. He was one of the corporators of the Maine State Bar Association. In December, 1871, he married Miss Kittie E., daughter of Hon. Luther Perkins, of Poland, Me. Isaac W. Hanson was born in Farndngton, N. H., May 13, 1846. He was educated at the Nichols Latin School and was graduated from Bates College in 1870. He read law in the office of S. M. Wheeler, Esq., of Dover, N. H., and in the office of Hon. M. T. Ludden in Lewiston. He was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county in September, 1872, and immediately entered upon the practice of his profession at Mechanic Falls. He was elected clerk and treasurer of Poland in 1877, and clerk of the courts of Androscog- gin county in 1879, holding the last named office by successive elections to the present time. He is courteous, competent, and satisfactory as an official. He was married November 29, 1871, to Miss Alice Perkins, daughter of the Hon. Luther Perkins of Poland. Hon. George C. Wing was born in Livermore, April 16, 1847. He fitted for college, studied law with Henry C. Wentworth, Esq., at Livermore Falls, and was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county in April, 1868. He soon commenced the practice of his profession at Lisbon Falls, where he remained two years, then came to Auburn, and became junior partner of the firm of Morrill & 334 History of Androscoggin County. Wing, which firm continued six years. He married, May 2, 1870, Emily B. Thompson, of Livermore. After dissolving his connection with Mr Morrill, he formed a copartnership with his brother, Charles E. Wing, which still con- tinues. He served as a member of the superintending school committee of Auburn, in 1872 and 1873, and was city solicitor for 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1885, and 1887. He was one of the corporators of the National Shoe and Leather Bank, of Auburn, in 1875, since which time he has been one of its directors. He was elected county attorney in 1872, and judge of probate in 1875, re-elected in 1879, and appointed to the same office by Governor Robie for 1881. Mr Wing was chairman of the Republican state committee during the presidential campaign in 1884, and chairman of the Republican state dele- gation to the convention held at Chicago, which nominated Hon. James G. Blaine for President. He was Judge Advocate General on the staff of both Governor Bodwell and Governor Marble, and has been from its organization president of the Maine Benefit Association. He was one of the corporators of the Maine State Bar Association. Hon. Albert R. Savage, son of Charles Wesley and Eliza M. (Clough) Savage, was born in Ryegate, Vt, December 8, 1847, and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1871. August 17, 1871, he married Nellie Hale of Concord, Vt. Mr Savage taught school in Northwood, N. H., and Northfield, Vt, studying law during vacations in the office of Carpenter & Plumley, in Northfield. In 1875 he came to Auburn, was admitted to the Androscoggin bar, and commenced the practice of law in Lewiston in partnership with Hon. L. H. Hutchinson. The death of Mr Hutchinson in 1882 dissolved the firm, and a short time afterwards the firm of Savage & Oakes was formed, Henry W. Oakes becoming the junior partner. Mr Savage was a member of the school committee of Auburn in 1881 and 1882; was appointed county attorney in 1881 and elected to the same office in 1882; was judge of probate in ]8(S5, 188(5, 1887, 1888; representative to the legislature in 1891, and one of the corporators of the Maine State Bar Association, and is one of its vice- presidents. He was mayor of Auburn in 1889, 1890, and in 1, when he establislied himself at Livermore Falls. He is an Odd Fellow and a Free Mason. Fred S. Sampson was born at Hartford, April 1, 1858, and was educated at Bridgton Academy and Bates College, graduating in the class of 1884. He taught school in Hartford, Otisfield, New Gloucester, and Camden, and read law with Hon. VV. W. Bolster, of Auburn, and F. (). Watson, Esq. He was admitted to the Androscoggin bar in September, 1887. 340 History of Androscoggin County. Albert E. Verrill, clerk of Auburn Municipal Court, was born at Poland, November 12, 1860. His collegiate course was in Bates College, graduating in the class of 188G. While in college he taught school in Sherman and in the Nichols Latin School. He read law with Savage & Oakes, and was admitted to the Androscoggin bar in January, 1889, and to the U. S. Circuit Court, August 4, 1890. He commenced practice in Auburn. Wilbur H. Judkins was born at Monmouth, May 19, 1858. He was educated in common schools and at Waterville Classical Institute, now Coburn Institute, Waterville, and was graduated from Bates College in the class of 1880. He read law in the office of Hon. A. M. Spear, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1883. He practices law in Lewiston, in partnership with William H. Newell, as Newell & Judkins. He was city solicitor of Lewiston for 1886-89. He has been a trustee of Bates College since 1888, and a member of commission on removal of Maine State Prison in 1890. Stephen A. Lowell, son of Hon. William Lowell, was born in Minot, January 1, 1859. He was educated in the common schools, Hebron Academy, and Bates College, and was graduated from the latter institution in 1882. He taught in the public schools of the state in the winter season from 1877 to 1881, and in 1882-3 was principal of Foxcroft Academy. He studied law in the office of George C. & Charles E. Wing, and was admitted to the bar at Auburn, in April, 1885. In 1888 he was appointed a member of the board of trustees of the State Normal School, by Cxovernor Marble. From the organi- zation of the Maine Benefit Association until his resignation and removal from the state in 1891, he was secretary of that corporation. The duties of this office required his entire attention and precluded him from engaging in the practice of law. Daniel J. McGillicuddy was born in Lewiston, August 27, 1859. He was educated in the public schools of Lewiston, and was graduated from Bowdoin College in 1881. He studied law in the office of Frye, Cotton & White, of Lewiston, and was admitted a member of the Androscoggin bar in September, 1883, and commenced the practice of his profession in Lewiston, where he has since resided. He was elected a member of the Maine house of representatives, from Lewiston, in the year 1884, and elected mayor of the city for the years 1887 and 1890. EzEKiEL VosE Stevens, son of Zaccheus Stevens, and grandson of Rev. Ezekiel Vose, was born at North Turner, November 20, 1859. His father moved to Knox and died when Ezekiel was two years old. Ezekiel was adopted in the family of Essec Fuller, his uncle-in-law, a resident of North Turner. His education was acquired at the Maine Wesleyan Seminary and at North Anson Academy; graduated at North Anson in the class of 1884. He read law with Webb & Webb, of Waterville, was admitted to the bar in October, 1887, in Kennebec county, and opened an office at North Turner, The Courts and Bench and Bae,. 341 March 1, 1888. He has held the office of supervisor of schools for two years, and was census enumerator for Turner in 1890. He is a Universalist, and has been for two years junior and senior deacon of Nezinscot Lodge of F. and A. M. He married Miss Belle Holt, of Bangor, October 1, 1888. Francois Xavier Belleau was born in Montreal, P. Q., August 13, 1860, and educated in the common schools of Canada. In 1876 he came to Bruns- wick, and six months later to Lewiston, where, in September, 1877, he began the study of law with J. W. Mitchell, Esq., of Auburn. October 11, 1881, he was made a citizen of the United States by naturalization, and the same day was admitted to practice. Mr Belleau was the first French Canadian admitted to practice law in Maine, and the second one admitted in New England. Soon after his admission to the bar he opened an office in Lewiston and is now in practice. \n 1883 and 1884 he was clerk of the common council, in 1885 was city solicitor, and in 1890 and 1891 city clerk. He was married November 27, 1883, in the cathedral of St Hyacinthe, P. Q., to Marie Blanche Alexandrine Martel, by Rev. Father Gravel, cur^ of the cathedral, now Bishop of Nicolet. H. E. CooLiDGE, of Lisbon Falls, was born at Livermore, December 23, 1860. He acquired his education at the Nichols Latin School in Lewiston, and was graduated from Bates College in the class of 1881. After graduation he taught school at North Berwick, from 1883 to 1889. He read law in the office of Hon. Enoch Foster in Bethel, from August, 1881, to April, 1883, and with Savage & Oakes, Lewiston, from April, 1889, to September, 1889, when he was admitted to the bar in Androscoggin county. After admission to practice his profession he established himself at Lisbon Falls, where he has since continued. He married Miss Josephine O. Dearborn, of Canton. Patrick H. Kelleher was born at Lewiston, September 9, 1861, where he continued to reside until 1874, and then moved with his father's family to Auburn, where he is still a resident. He was educated in the public schools of Auburn, and was graduated from the Edward Little Institute in 1879. After graduating, he taught school and engaged in other pursuits until April, 1883, when he commenced reading law in the office of N. & J. A. Morrill, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1885, and immediately entered upon the practice of law. He was elected a member of tlie board of aldermen from ward four, in Auburn, in 1889, serving in that capacity one year. At the expiration of his term of office he declined a re-nomination, preferring to devote his attention uninterruptedly to his profession. Leonard G. IvOHEUts was born in Sherman, Me, September 13, 1862. He was fitted for college in Nichols Latin School, Lewiston, and was graduated from Bates College in 1887. Devotincy himself to law he entered the law school of Bostoii University, from which he was graduated June 4, 1890. He was also graduated from the School of Oratory in Boston. He was admitted to the Suffolk county (Mass.) bar, August 19, 1890; to Androscoggin county 342 History op Androscoggin County. bar in January, 1891, and immediately thereafter entered into copartnership with Hon. F. M. Drew in the practice of law, in Lewiston, under the firm name of Drew & Roberts. Frank A. Morey was born at Keeseville, N. Y., March 11, 1863. He was educated at Keeseville Union Free School and Bates College, graduating in the class of 1885. He studied law with H. & W. Hewitt, of Keeseville, was admitted to the bar at Albany, N. Y., May 5, 1887, and immediately became a member of the law firm of Hewitt & Morey, at Keeseville, where he remained until September, 1890, when he moved to Lewiston, where he has since been in practice. He married Maud M., daughter of O. G. Douglass. George E. McCann was born in New Gloucester, October 18, 1865. He was educated at the Freeport High School and Maine Wesleyan Seminary at Readfield, graduating in the class of 1883. He read law with Frye, Cotton & White, and was admitted to the Androscoggin bar in April, 1888, and verj^ soon after formed a copartnership with Hon. D. J. McGillicuddy, of Lewiston, which continued about two years, when that firm was dissolved and he opened an office in Auburn. Mr McCann served in 1889 as clerk of the common council of Auburn. In 1890 he was elected councilman from ward four, and was chosen president of the board. He was elected city treasurer in 1891. Edwin A. Smith, of Auburn, is a son of Rev. B. B. Smith, missionary to India, and was born in Balasore, Orissa, India. He was educated at the Nichols Latin School and Bates College, and was graduated in 1873. He was assistant editor of the Morntfuj Star, Dover, N. H., for six years. He read law in the office of Hutchinson & Savage at Lewiston, and was admitted to the Androscoggin bar in April, 1884. Mr Smith has not devoted much time to his profession, giving his attention more to journalism. He is now news editor of the Li'wixton Journal. The following gentlemen have been admitted to practice in tlie courts of this state by the Supreme Judicial Court in this county, a large majority of wliom have settled in other states or other counties in this state: 1855 — August, Ezra M. Prince. 1856— January, W. H. McLellan, R. G. Blacker, G. C. Wright. 1858— Ai)ril, Renjainin Dunn; August, Daniel W. Scrilmer. 185!)— April, John D. Storer. 1800 — Septeniher, Charles Walker. 1861 — January, O. A. Ellis, R. W. Carr, Hiram Knowlton; April, Her- rick C. Davis. 186(1 — January, E. G. Keyes, H. N. W. Hoyt, C. B. Rounds; April, Earl Byron Parker; lS(i7 — Septemher, Sanford S. Chapman. 1868— January, Horace R. Cheney, William F. Morrill; April, Clarence C. Frost. 180!) — April, Reuel Small. 1870 — January, I. N. Parker. 1871 — September, John Smith. 1872 — January, Everett A. Nash; April, Myron W. Jones, Dexter M. Small. 1875 — April, George E. Smith, CMiarles Bonney Ueade. 187(; — January, Israel P. tiuimhy; April, Freedom Hutchinson, Wm W. Sanborn. 1877 — January, Win Henry Ham, James Nash; April, F. M. Fogg; Septemb(!r, Frank D. Hale, Walter C. Leavitt, Irving C. Phillips. 1878— April, Chas M. Ham, Jerome Fish. 1879 — January, C. S. Libby; April, John H. Packard. 1880 — September, Frank C. Skinner. 1881— April, George Hazen; Sei>tember, Simon C. Moseley. 1883— April, George D. Emery, H. A. Stirason. 1884 — Sept(!mber, John F. Merrill. 1885 — April, James E. Chandler, Edward J. Hatch, Morrill N. Drew; September, Fmery A. Tinkham, Edward N. Dingley. 1886— April, Aaron Beede, Jr; April, WmH.Orr. 1887— September, Pierre X. Augiers. 1888— January, Mellen A. Pingree. 1890— Jan- nary, George A. Goodwin; April, Edward T. Little. 1891— January, Sumner Hackett, L. W. Fales. LKWISTON'S FIRST CnV 15UILl)lN(i ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY (Eastern Division). TOWNS FROM LINCOLN AND KENNEBEC COUNTIES: Lewiston, Lisbon, Webster, W^ales, Greene, Leeds, East Livermore. LEWISTON By J. G. Elder. CHAPTER XVL The Town. Situation, Extent, Natural Features, Products, etc. — Conditions of Grant — Pioneer Settlers — Incorporation — Growth — Civil List — City Officers. LEWISTON is ill north latitude 44° 5' 45", and 70° 10' west longitude. Its greatest length is II5 miles, and its greatest width is 6^ miles, and L it has an area of 35 square miles, or about 22,000 acres. The only body of water wholly in Lewiston is No Name Fond, one mile long and half a mile wide. It lies near Sabatis road, nearly four miles from the bridge. There is a small unimproved water-power at the outlet. There are some small streams. On several of these the early settlers erected lumber mills which long since disappeared. The surface is very uneven and considerably broken. This is especially true on the margin of the river, and in some places, extending a considerable distance from the river, the land is quite hilly, and the ledge occasionally crops out with more or less boldness. In some places the surface is quite level, but there are no plains and but little meadow land. While the surface is hilly and broken, it is not mountainous. Merrill Hill, formerly Randall Bill, is probably the highest elevation in the city, but its exact altitude has not been ascertained. David Mountain, which derives its name from Mr David Davis, the owner for many years, is a dome-shaped ledge whose summit is 389 feet above tide water, and 123 feet above Main street at the corner of Riverside. It is a ledge of mica-schist; the base is skirted with small trees and shrubbery, and occasionally a dwarf pine ; but near the summit 344 History of Androscoggin County. there are a few plats of grass. Excavations to a considerable extent have been made on the northwesterly side of the mountain to obtain coarse stone for buildino- purposes. Mr Davis's heirs have given the summit of the mountain to Bates College with a right of way for an observatory, for which it is admirably fitted. Once upon the summit the eye catches a charming land- sca[)e which, when the atmospliere is clear, extends to the White Mountains, with a bird's-eye view of Lewiston and Auburn. The soil is a clayey loam, well adapted to agricultural purposes, and yields an average amount of produce. It is better adapted to the production of hay than to the growth of cereals, but corn, oats, and barley are grown in considerable quantities, and fruit is easily raised. Many of the farms whose soil is rugged produce excellent crops, and, although husbandry may not be the most lucrative employment, yet the industrious farmer is sure to realize an average income. Clay banks especially adapted to the manufacture of bricks are numerous near the "Falls," and are also found in the rural portions of the city. These have been extensively worked, and large quantities of bricks are annually manufactured. The southern part abounds in sandy loam and is admirably fitted for agri- cultural purposes. The primeval forest was composed of hard and soft woods, with the stately pine in abundance. The early settlers did much in manu- facturing pine lumber, and, in recent years, a large lumbering business was carried on by some enterprising citizens. The magnificent and romantic Lew- iston Falls, with its water-power, one of the best in New England (see page 38) is not only the most striking natural feature of the city, but the great source of its wealth. The falls were first called the Uppermost Falls of the Pejepscot, but for years after the first settlement were known as Harris Falls. The lakes at the source of the Androscoggin are now used for the storage of water, dams having been built by the Union Water-Power Company to increase their capacity as reservoirs. Gi'iint to Little and Baijley. — Tlie Pejepscot proprietors granted, January 28, 1768, to Moses Little and Jonathan Bagley, of Newbury, Mass., the tract of land commencing at Twenty-Mile Falls on the Androscoggin, from thence to extend five miles up said river, from thence to extend northeast five miles, from thence southeast four miles, from thence south to'Androscoggin river, and so up the river to the falls. The conditions were that fifty families should be settled in as many houses before June 1, 1774, and a road be cleared to Royalsborough to meet the proprietors' road from Topsham. If less than fifty families were settled, only a proportion of the land was to be granted. The houses were to be "16x20 feet and 7 feet stud," and the town was named l^ewistown. This grant was rescinded in June, 1771, notwithstanding the efforts made to comply with its conditions. The proprietors recognized what had been done by Bagley and Little, without offering any compensation for their services. We are unable to determine under what conditions the settlement City of Lewiston. 345 was prosecuted. It is evident that Bagley and Little took measures to secure their title; but it was not until 1790 that the grant "was confirmed." The First Settler. — Paul Hildreth moved into the plantation of "Lewis- town" in the autumn of 1770. He built his log cabin on the bank of the river, just below the Continental Mill. Mr Hildreth was a native of Dracut, Mass., and possessed a roving, as well as a resolute, spirit. He married Miss Hannah INIerrill of Nottingham, N. H., where, it is said, he resided for nearly a year before he took uj) his residence here. In the autumn of 1770 his cabin was burned, and the family spent the winter in New Gloucester, but returned to l^ewiston in the following spiing, where he resided, with the exception of a short time in 1788, when he lived in Litchfield, until about 1802; he then removed to Gardiner, and died there about 1830. Tradition relates many adventures experienced during the early settlement of the place, of marvelous contests with venomous wild beasts which invaded the sanctity of the settle- ment; of women frightened; of children pursued by bears; of the destruction of cattle by huge and ferocious catamounts ; of the dread experienced as the dusky forms of the aborigines were seen gliding through the forests in pursuit of game. With the pioneers life was a sad and checkered reality. A trackless forest, fifteen miles in extent, lay between them and the nearest white settle- ment. Provisions were frequently sliort, and once for four days they were witliout food or fire. During these days of fasting and anxiety, Mrs Hildreth and an infant wore the only persons in the settlement. Tradition also informs us that the first grant of land made by Bagley and Little was a present of fifty acres to Mrs Hildreth, as a testimonial of their respect for the first female settler of Lewiston. This tradition may be true, but so far no documents substantiate the claim. Mr Hildreth occupied this lot (No. 52 on the plan of Lewiston) until 17!>5, when he sold to Samuel Robinson, and took up a new lot. Hildreth established the first ferry in town, about half a mile below the falls, whicli passed into Robinson's hands. Mr Hildreth's family removed to (lardiner, where there are numerous descendants. Shortly after Hildreth came, David Pettengill, of New Gloucester, moved into the place. Mr Pettengill was a native of North Yarmouth, and born September 5, 1731. He married Mercy, daughter of Benjamin and Mercy (Eaton) Lake, November 23, 1758. Mr Pettengill settled on the lot south of Hildreth, where he lived during the winter of 1770-71, the only settler in the plantation during that winter. He resided on this lot until after the com- mencement of the Revolution, when he entered the army, from which he never returned. His son, Benjamin, also entered the army, and after his return settled in Auburn. David, who married Thankful Graffam, settled on the lot now known as the Converse Farr place, and died October 1, 1848, aged 82 years. He had a family of eleven children, but only a small number of his descendants reside here. 346 History of Androscoggin County. Lawrence J. Harris was the third settler, and came from Dracut, Mass., in the spring of 1771. Mr Harris had been here the previous autumn, and made arrangements towards a permanent settlement. It has been said that he was induced to settle by Bagle}^ and Little, who made very liberal offers of land, not only for himself but for his children. Li the fall of 1770 he got out the frame of a saw-mill, which was raised October 29, but not completed until tlie next season. Mr Harris settled on what was known, after the survey of the plantation (1773), as the mill lot and comprised about 100 acres about the falls. Tradition informs us that this lot was one of those which he was to receive for settling here. Mr Harris built a house on this lot, which was located just west of the Lower Maine Central depot, where he lived until his death in 1784. It does not now appear that Mr Harris ever had a deed of a foot of this lot. The proprietors acknowledged their indebtedness to him at the time of his death, in the sum of j£150, and in consideration of this conveyed to "Abner Harris, son and heir of Lawrence J. Harris, the whole of Mill lot, so-called," "excepting and reserving out of the same the mill privilege," also a piece of land 25 rods wide, extending from the "mill privilege" to the Hildreth lot. Abner Harris resided a sliort distance west of Lincoln street and a few rods north of the cross canal. The well connected with the house is now in constant use. In 1810 Mr Harris sold this farm, the mill lot, and the one known as the Haley farm, to Dan and Lemuel Read, for -f 3,500, and removed to Ohio. The Reads sold to the Littles, who by this transfer came into possession of the most valuable portion of the Little and Bagley claim. Mr Harris had a large family, and his son, Barron, was probably the first male child born in the plantation. Several of tliese children settled in (Ireene, where descendants now live. Asa Varnuni, supposed to have been the fourth settler, came from Dracut about 1772, and built a log house nearly in front of tlie westerly end of Central block, and very near the center of Main street. He was probably employed by Mr Harris in the saw-mill. His daughter, Abigail, born September 21, 1773, was the first child born in Lewiston. Mi- Varnum was drowned late in 1773, or the early part of 1774, nearly opposite the Catholic cemetery, while attemi)ting to pass Dresser's Rips in a boat. His widow, Abigail, married Benjamin Winslow, of North Yarmouth, October 4, 1774, and died March 11, 1801. Mr Varnum's daughter, Abigail, resided at North Yarmouth, in the Winslow family, until her death, December 17, 1846. Israel Herrick, ancestor of the Herricks in this vicinity, was a native of Topsfield, Mass., born December 3, 1721, and died in Lewiston, September 14, 1782. He came February 1, 1774, and for a short time occupied a f)art of Amos Davis's house. Mr Herrick's was the eighth family in the plantation. His son, John, settled at Barker's Mills and married Lydia Graffam, of Falmouth, March 14, 1780. For many years he kept the only public house in City of Lewiston. 347 town. The Herrick house, built in 1800, is still standing, and is one of the oldest in town. Mr Herrick was selectman for many years, chairman of the first board, a representative to the General Court of Massachusetts for seven years, and served as delegate in the convention which met October 11, 1819, at Portland, to frame the Constitution of Maine. In all these positions he performed his duties with singular fidelity and ability, and to the satisfaction of those who had confided these interests to his care. He died March 27, 1834. His sons, Oliver and Ebenezer, were prominent men in town. Oliver commanded a company in the War of 1812, and was captured in the disastrous battle of Lake Champlain. vXfter his return he became colonel of his regiment. For several years he was selectman, represented his native town in the state legislature for a number of years, was postmaster under the Taylor administra- tion, and died July 4, 1852. Ebenezer was a man of talent and culture ; was delegate from Bowdoiidiam, where he then resided, to the convention which formed the constitution of Maine, in which he took an important part. Among the many able members of that convention, none were more clear in statement or more felicitous in expression. He was a representative to Congress from 1821-9, and a state senator in 1828 and 1829. His son, Anson, was founder, editor, and proprietor of the New York Atlas. He was naval stored^eeper in New York under Buchanan, and in 1802-3 a member of Congress. Jesse Wright, of Dracut, settled in 1774 on the lot now known as the Diuvis Nevens farm, which he bought of Bagley and Little, May 29, 1774, for " three pounds of lawful money." The deed, still in existence, was acknowledged before Stephen Longfellow, of Portland, and witnessed by Nathan and Jonas Coburn. Mr Wright's first log house was just east of Meadow Brook. His brothers Joel and Timothy Wright came about 1777. Amos Davis moved in from New Gloucester in 1774. He was born May 12, 1741, in Gloucester, Mass. Mr Davis, it is supposed, first settled on wliat has been known as the Marston farm, where he built a log house. Subsequently he built a house where is now the corner of Sabatis and Wood streets. He occupied this lot until his death, March 20, 1815. Mr Davis was a farmer, surveyor, and shoe-maker. In March, 1773, he was employed by the proprietors to make a survey of a part of the town. A plan of the town, made by him in 1795, showing the names and residences of the settlers at that time, is still in existence. He was a leading member of the Friends society, and a very exemplary man. His son, David, who kept the first store at Lowell's corner, was the second male child born in Lewiston. His children, four sons and a daughter, settled in Lewiston and have many descendants. His daughter, Mary, married Seth Tarr. Mr Davis gave the land for the old burying-ground on Sabatis street, and erected, at his own expense, a small building within its present inclosure, which was occupied for some years as a meeting-house for the Friends society, and for a school-house. 348 History of Androscoggin County. Jacob Barker came about 1774 and settled at Barker's Mills, on the lot next below John Herrick's, where he built a grist and saw mill. His son Cyrus inherited the farm, and his grandson, Nelson P. Barker, resided at the "Mills" for many years, and rebuilt them about 1836. James Garcelon with wife. Deliverance Annis, and six children, came in March, 1776, from Freeport. He was the son of Rev. Peter Garcelon, who graduated from a Roman Catholic college in Clermont, France, became a priest, and filled that position in London from 1721 to 1739, when he went to the island of Guernsey, renounced Romanism, and united with the Episcopalians; was ordained minister of a church called "St Peters in the Wood," which position he held for 32 years. James Garcelon was great-grandfather of Dr Alonzo Garcelon, H. G. Garcelon, Capt. J. S. Garcelon. He soon took up land five miles down tlie river, that made him and his sons farms, erected buildings, established Garcelon's Ferry, and opened his house to entertain' travelers. As this was when the settlement at the Falls was small and no bridge crossed thd river, most of the travel was across his ferry. Here he died November 13, 1813, aged 74. His wife died November 16, 1828, aged 93 years. Mr Garcelon had five sons and two daugliters. His sons settled near the "Ferry." James was for many years a Baptist clergyman, doing much missionary work in destitute [)laces, and died in 1838. William was one of the first merchants in town, and did an extensive business, was also engaged in lumbering and ship-building at Freeport. Lucy married Ezra Ames, and Sarah, the only child born in Lewiston, married Robert Moody. The Garcelon family have occupied a prominent place in the history of the town and city. Two of the family have been clergymen ; four, physicians (the most distin- guished of whom is ex-Governor Garcelon, who, at the age of 78, is prosecuting with undiminished energy the duties of an exacting and laborious profession). Josiah Mitchell came in the spring of 1776 and settled on the lot which had been taken up by Joel Thompson, who was then in the Revolutionary army. On his return the lot was divided and Mr Mitchell took the southwest end. He died August 19, 1832, leaving his farm to his son James. Mr Mitchell liad a family of seven sons and five daughters. Jonathan Hodgkin settled in Lewiston, April 1, 1777. His house was near the bank of the river a few rods above the Pingree steam mill. Subsequently he settled about four miles below the falls. He died February 2, 1814. Of his four children, one, Betsey, who married Lovell Lincoln, was a constant resident of Lewiston for more than 90 years. She was three years old when her father moved into the plantation. Mr Hodgkin came from Cape Ann. James Ames came from (Oakham, Mass., in 1785, and settled on the farm now owned by Noah Litchfield, which he bought of William (iarcelon. Mr Ames was a blacksmith, and undoubtedly the first one in Lewiston. He carried on blacksmithing in connection with his farm, and did excellent City of Lewiston. 349 service for the settlers. Previous to his arrival the settlers were compelled to go to New Gloucester for the services of a blacksmith. Mr Ames kept a public house for many years. He died in 1815, and was buried in the old Garcelon burying-ground, on the bank of the river. His son Winslow cut his initials on a rude stone which marks his resting-place. This Winslow Ames was a man of considerable prominence in town affairs, and filled various offices. He was a member of the first board of selectmen, its chairman for two years, and captain of the Lewiston company of militia in 1801. Captain Ames was a man of fine presence and dignified bearing. In November, 1788, Dan Read came from Attleborough, Mass., and settled in Lewiston. Mr Read was a young man without any family. He married Susannah, daughter of Stephen Hart, of Lewiston. Soon after he came into the plantation he commenced teaching school, and was one of the earliest school teachers in the place. His education and ability soon brought him into prominence, and for more than 30 years, commencing with 1800, there was no more prominent man in town affairs. Mr Read was selectman for 26 years, chairman of the board for 12 years, town clerk for 15 years, representative to the General Court of Massachusetts, and a representative to the Legislature of Maine in 1820 and several subsequent years. He was the first postmaster in Lewiston, to which office he was appointed in 171>9, a position which he held until 1837. In all these various and important trusts he brought unquestioned ability and integrity, an honest and noble purpose, and he was gathered to his fathers after having attained the unusual age of 87 years. He died February 15, 1851. Mr Read had eight sons and five daughters. Ebenezer Ham, grandfather of the late Colonel Ham, came from Shapleigh in March, 1789, and settled on a lot in the south part of Lewiston. He died in August, 1790. His son, James, married Mary Brooks, and lived on the farm until his death, February 1, 1854, aged 79 years. The farm is now in possession of the family, owned and occupied by Nelson Ham. James Ham was the father of Colonel Ham, and the grandfather of the late ex-Mayor J. R. Ham, of this city. John Marshall came here about 1780, and settled on the lot owned and occupied so long by Mr David Davis. Mr Marshall was a wheelwright. He removed from this place to Industry, about 1803. His son, Alfred, was a repre- sentative to Congress in 1841-2. Job Cole, the ancestor of the Coles in Lewiston, was a native of North Yarmouth. He first settled in Greene, but came here quite early and settled on what is now known as the Asa P. Taylor place. Mr Cole had a large, family of sons and daughters. His son. Rev. Benjamin Cole, was a Baptist clergyman for more than thirty years, preaching for the most of the time in Lewiston. Thomas Taylor came from Dracut, Mass., before 1788, and lived for many years on the place known as the Charles Taylor farm. This was one of the best farms in town and has remained in the 350 History of Androscoggin County. Taylor family until recently. Mr Taylor's family consisted of ten sons and two dauo-hters. William Blaisdell came from North Yarmouth, and settled on the lot now occupied by Daniel Wood and others. He died in 1818, aged 70 years. His son, C^olonel Walter R. Blaisdell, succeeded to the homestead, built the brick house near Mr Wood's, and died in 1831, aged 55 years. There are no descendants in the city. William (lolder came from New York when a young man, and purchased two lots of land in the Carville neigliborhood. He married Dorcas, daughter of John Dill. His family consisted of five sons and three daughters. Mr Golder died in 1846. One of his sons, Jacob, was for many years an honored and respected Baptist clergyman. Ezra Randall came from Bowdoinham about 1787, and settled on what has been known as the Randall place, near Thome's Corner, His first house, probably built before 1700, is now standing, and is undoubtedly the oldest house in town. Mr Randall was for many years deacon of the Old South (Baptist) church. He died in 1850, aged 84 years. His son, Foster Lee Randall, succeeded to the estate, and has occupied it until recently. Deacon Randall married first. Miss Mary Whitten ; second. Miss Theoda Lee. Mr Randall had a family of seven sons and nine daughters. John Graffam married Elizabeth Davis, sister of Amos Davis, Sr, and settled here in 1770-7. They lived on the Captain William Jepson place. Mr Graffam had three sons and nine daughters. His son, John, married three wives, and had a family of ten sons and eight daughters. Among the early settlers were Henry and William Carville, brothers, and the ancestors of the Carvilles in town. Henry was in the Revolutionary War, and for many years was a pensioner. He died in 1823 and William in 1829. Peter Lenfest came here about 1777, and married Lydia, daughter of Lawrence J. Harris. Mr Lenfest was a native of the Isle of Guernsey, in the English Channel. The house which he occupied for nearly 30 years is still standing. He had eight sons and four daughters. He died in 1820. His daughter, Lydia, married Israel Glidden, who owned the Lenfest estate for many years. Joel Thompson, a Revolutionary soldier, came quite early into the plantation and settled on what is even now known as the Thompson place, on the Webster road. He came from Topsham. Mr Thompson had six sons and five daughters. T. B. Thompson was one of his sons. Mr Thompson was one of the prominent men in the early history of the town, and filled many official positions, was a representative to the General Court of Massachusetts, for several years a member of the board of selectmen, town clerk, and colonel of his regiment of militia, in all of which positions he showed ability. Colonel Thompson died in 1841, aged 87 years. Caleb Barker came here very early and settled on the Colonel Ham place. His son, Jacob, came into possession of the place and became quite a wealthy farmer. He died in 1824, aged 57 years. After his death the farm became the property of his son-in-law, the late Colonel Ebenezer Ham, who remained in possession until his death. City of Lewiston. 351 Joseph Field was a native of Northampton, Mass., and came from Freeport to Lewiston. He settled on the place now occupied by tlie venerable Deacon Stephen Davis, and died there in 1815, aged 66 years. Deacon Field " fought at Bunker Hill." Oidy a few of his descendants now remain in Lewiston. Tobias Ham was one of the early settlers. He was a native of Brunswick, and married Elizabeth Herrick, sister of John Herrick, Esq. His farm was on the Webster road, some two miles from the city. He died in 1812, aged 60 years. The growth of the southern part of the plantation was slow, the settlement incorporated as Greene, in 1788, attracting more. In 17*J0 Lewiston had 532 inhabitants, and, February 18, 1795, it was incorporated the ninety-fifth town, with these boundaries: Beginning at the bank of Androscoggin river at the most westerly corner of the town of Greene, thence running southeast on the southerly line of Greene about 6 miles to the Plymouth Com[)any's claim, 6 miles and 230 rods, thence soutliwest about 260 rods to Androscoggin river, thence northerly by said river to the bounds first mentioned. Daniel Davis was empowered by Benjamin Merrill, Esq., of Greene, to call the first town meeting, which was lield at the house of Jedediah Morrell, April 6,171*5. John Herrick was clKxsen moderator; Noah Litchfield, clerk; John Herrick, Joel Thompson, Winslow Ames, James Garcelon, Daniel Davis, selectmen; Abner Harris, treasurer; Nathan Cutler, collector; James Ames, Nathan Cutler, constables; Nathan Cutler, Abner Harris, David Pettengill, Bobert Anderson, Ezra Furrinton, James Garcelon, James Turner, Joel Wright, Amos Davis, Jr, highway surveyors; John Marshall, Oliver l^arron, Benjamin Moors, Mark Garcelon, surveyors of lumber; Samuel llobinson, Ezra Furrinton, field drivers; Joseph Fields, William Blaisdell, Joel Wright, William Garcelon, " tiding-men " ; Michael Little, Samuel Stephens, Ezra Furrinton, Thomas Kann, William (lolder, Jacob Baiker, hog-reeves. In 1807 Lewiston cast 40 votes for, 46 against separation from Massachusetts; in 1816 73 votes for, 83 against separation; in 1819 on the same (question 92 voted for, 36 against, llie vote to adopt the state constitution stood 6C) in favor, 1 opposed. In the War of 1812 Captain Oliver Herrick raised a company which served in 1813 on Lake Chanq)lain. Samuel R. Read, John P. Read, and Jonathan Ray were prisoners at Montreal and Quebec for one year from July, 1813. In September, 1814, Colonel Walter R. Blaisdell's regiment of militia was ordered into service. Two companies were from Lewiston, the North company, under Captain Nathaniel Sleeper, and the South company, under Captain George Williams. They were in service less than a month, but a small number drafted from them served some months. It was not until the water-power was developed that Lewiston was anything more than a prosperous farming town, and its rapid growth is due to the application of that power by sagacious capitalists. In 1800 the population was 352 History op Androscoggin County. 948; 1810, 1,0^^8; 1820, 1,312; 1830, 1,549; 1840, 1,810. From 1840 there has been a wondrous growth, keeping pace with the increase in manufacturing. In March, 1849, the Androscoggin and Kennebec Raih-oad was completed as far as Lewiston, and the first engine crossed the bridge March 24th. Among the corporators were William II. Frye, James Lowell, Nathan Reynolds, N. B. Reynolds, John M. Frye, and Calvin Gorham, of Lewiston. In 1861 the Androscoggin railroad was opened for travel to Lewiston. These facilities brouo-ht large numbers of residents, and the town two years later became a city, which now bids fair to be the metropolis of Maine. Civil IjIST.— Town Clerks— 'Noah Litclifiekl, 1795 to 1800; Dan Read, 1801 to 1807, 1811, 1812, 181G to 182;?; Winslow Ames, 1802; Joel Thompson, 1808 to 1810, 1813 to 1815; Nathan Reynolds, 1821; William Ciarcelon, 1824 to 1830; Stephen H. Read, 1831 to 1834; John M. Frye, 1835; Samnel G. Phillips, 1836 to 1838; Edward P. Tobie, 1839 to 18fi2 except 1850 when John Smith was elected. Selectmen. — 1795, John Herrick, Joel Thompson, Winslow Ames, James Garcelon, Daniel Davis; 1796, William Garcelon, Daniel Davis, John Herrick; 1797, 1798, John Herrick, Joel Thompson, Winslow Ames; 1799, Oliver Barron, Ezra Randall, Winslow Ames; 1800, Winslow Ames, Dan Read, Oliver P>arron ; 1801, Dan Read, Oliver Barron, Joel Thompson; 1802, Winslow Ames, Noah Litch- field, Ezra Randall; 1803, Winslow Ames, Dan Read, Ezra Randall; 1804, 1805, 1806, Dan Read, Daniel Davis, Winslow Ames; 1807, Dan Read, Joel Thompson, Oliver Herrick; 1808, 1809. Joel Thompson, Winslow Ames, Ezra Randall; 1810, Joel Tliompson, Dan Read, Winslow Ames; 1811, 1812, Dan Read, Joel Thompson, Walter R. Blaisdell; 1813, Joel Thompson, William Garcelon, Winslow Ames; 1814, 1815, Joel Tliompson, Dan Read, William Garcelon; 1816, 1817, Dan Read, William Garcelon, Walter R. Blaisdell; 1818, 1819, 1820, Dan Read, William Garcelon, Calvin Gorham; 1821, Oliver Herrick, Nathan Reynolds, William Dingley; 1822, Oliver Herrick, Dan Read, William Dingley; 1823, Dan Read, William Garcelon, William Dingley; 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, William Garcelon, Dan Read, William Dingley; 1828, 1829, William Garcelon, Dan Read, Walter R. Blaisdell; 1830, William Garcelon, William Dingley, Walter R. Blaisdell; 1831, William Garcelon, Stephen H. Read, John M. Frye; 1832, 1833, Stephen H. Read, John M. Frye, Samuel D. Garcelon; 1834, Stephen H. Read, Samuel D. Garcelon, Reuben Rand; 1835, Samuel D. Garcelon, Reuben Rand, Jeremiah Stanford; 183(i, Samuel D. Garcelon, Ebenezer Ham, Daniel Garcelon; 1837, 1838, Ebenezer Ham, Stephen 11. Read, Phineas Wright; 1839, Samuel D. Garcelon, William Garcelon, Samuel Litchfield; 1840, Stephen H. Read, Ebenezer Ham, Reuben Rand; 1841, Ebenezer Ham, Reuben Rand, Mark Jjowell; 1842, Reuben Rand, Arthur Jameson, Ebenezer Ham; 1843, Ebenezer Ham, Arthur Jameson, James Carville; 1844, Ebenezer Ham, James Carville, Aaron I). Thorne; 1845, Stephen H. Read, Samuel D. Garcelon, Samuel Litchfield; 1846, Stephen H. Read, Stephen Davis, Samuel D. Garcelon; 1847, Stephen H. Read, Ebenezer Ham, Daniel Garcelon; 1848, William R. Frye, Samuel D. (Jarcelou, Mark Lowell; 1849, William R. Frye, Mark Lowell, Reuben Rand; 1850, Ebenezer Ham, Sanmel D. Garcelon, Ham Brooks; 1851, William R. Frye, Ham Brooks, Reuben Rand; 1852, Stephen H. Read, Ham Brooks, John B. Jones; 1853, 1854, William R. Frye, Ebenezer Ham, Joseph S. Garcelon; 1855, John Read, Joseph S. Garcelon, Mark Lowell; 1856, Joseph S. Garcelon, ICbenezer Ham, Isaac N, Parker; 1857. William R. Frye, Howe Weeks, Archibald Wakefield; 1858, Isaac N. Parker, Timothy Walker, Joshua Merrill; 1859, William R. Frye, Jacob B. Ham, Archibald W^akefield; 1860, Jacob B. Ham, Mark Lowell, Abial M. Jones; 1861, Jacob B. Ham, Mark Lowell, Thomas Crowley; 1862, Jacob B. Ham, Mark Lowell, Isaac N. Parker. CITY OF LEWISTON. — The act to incorporate the city of Lewiston was approved March 15, 1861, and adopted by the town November 22, 1862. The first city election was in March, 1863, and the first Mayor was inaugurated March 16. City Governments. — 18G3—Ma?/or, Jacob B. Flam; Aldermen, Ste^phen I. Abbott, David M. Ayer, Edward Clark, Marshall French, Abial M. Jones, Samuel W. Kilvert, Thomas D. Thorne; Councilnien, lihodes A. Budloug, George A. Clark, Jeremiah Crowley, City of Lewiston. 353 Jr, Ezekiel S. Davis, Hersey Day, Joseph S. Garcelon, William F. Garcelon, Cyrus Greely, Converse J. Pettengill, George H. Pilsbury, Jordan K. Piper, John Y. Scruton, William H. Stevens, James Wood, Josiah G. Coburn ; Clerk, Edward P. Tohie ; Marshal, Isaac N. Parker. 1864 — Mayor, Jacob B. Ilam; AUkrmcn, Abial M. Jones, Samuel W. Kilvert, Alonzo Garcelon, Linneus Chcetham, Josiah G. Coburn, Stephen I. Abbott, Edward Clark; Coimcilmcn, Seth Chandler, Daniel Holland, Converse J. Pettengill, Josiah Day, Cyrus Greely, Alphens C. Locke, Timothy E. Fogg, John Y. Scruton, George Webb, George H. Chandler, Samuel E. May, A. Byron Reed, Joseph P. Fessendeu, Henry C. Goodenow, George H. Pilsbuiy, Jordan K. Piper, William S. Rogers, Chester C Thing, Joseph Blethen, John B. Garcelon, William H. Stevens; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, Isaac N. Parker. 1865 — Mayor, William P. Frye; Aldermen, Abial M. Jones, Josiah Day, Timothy E. Fogg, Henry C. Goodenow, Marshall French, Lorenzo L. Shaw (resigned), Allen P. Winslow (elected to fill the vacancy), George H. Pilsbury; Coimcilmen, Daniel Holland, Converse J. Pettengill, Lewis C. Peck, Lothrop L. Blake, Cyrus Greely, John N. Wood, George Webb, Theophilus B. Thompson, Plummcr C Tarbox, George n. Chandler, Benjamin R. Cotton, Albert 0. Morgan, Joseph P. Fessendeu, Wells W. Ayer, George A. Clark, William S. Rogers, Benjamin A. Bailey, R. E. Patterscm, Joseph Blethen, John B. Garcelon, William H. Stevens; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, R. Jordan. \'S(M\ — Mayor, William P. Frye; Aldermen, Daniel Holland, Samuel W. Kilvert, Tim- othy E. Fogg, Henry C. Goodenow, Marshall French, Benjamin A. Bailey, George H. Pilsbury, Seth Chandler (resigned), Albert O. Morgan (elected to fill the vacancy) ; Councilmen, Lewis C. Peck, Thomas D. Thorne, Sylvanus D. Thomas, Ransom C. Pingree, John Goss, John H. Randall, Theophilus B. Thompson, George Webb, Plummcr C. Tarbox, Albert 0. Morgan, Emery O. Bicknell, Ira W. Coburn, George A. Clark, Wells W. Ayer, John W. Danielson, Sanuiel W. Parmenter, John W. Farwell, Edward M. Dearborn, D. B. Sanderson, Noah Litchfield, Horace B. Bartlett, Joshua D. Rollins; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, William H. Waldron. 1867 — Mayor, George H. Pilsbury; Aldermen, Thomas D. Thorne, Ransom C. Pingree, IMark Lowell, Albert 0. Morgan, George A. Clark, Jordan K. Piper, Ebenezer Ham; Councilmen, Abial M. Jones, David T. French, A. K. P. Knowlton, John Goss, Albert B. Nealey, Levi W. Gilman, Isaac G. Curtis, Isaac R. Hall, James B. Tracy, Ira W. Coburn, John D. Stetson, James Wrigley, Josiah G. Coburn, John W. Danielson, Samuel B. Harmon, Samuel B. Parmenter, John W. Farwell, George W. Bean, Horace B. Bartlett, Noah Litchfield, Natt E. Davis, Lyman Prescott (resigned, aud Pardon N. Dexter elected); Clerk, Edward P. Tobie ; Marshal, Warren P. Laughton. 1808 — M«y/or, Isaac N. Parker; Aldermen, Abial M. Jones (resigned). Ransom C. Pingree, Patrick McGillicuddy, Jesse S. Lyford, James Sands (resigned), Stephen I. Abbott, Horace B. Bartlett, Joseph P. Fessendeu (to fill vacancy), William J. Buruham (to fill vacancy); Coimcilmen, A. K. P. Knowlton, James Wood, Dan Whittum, Albert B. Nealey, Joel Nevens, Seth Chandler, George Webb, Theophilus B. Thompson, Harmon Dixon, James Wrigley, William H. Monroe, John A. Rodick, Josiah G. Coburn, David Cowan, Benjamin T. Emery, John W. Farwell, Pardon N. Dexter, John B. Cotton, Joseph Blethen, Daniel B. Jones, John B. Garcelon; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, Isaac S. Faunce. 1869 — Mayor, Isaac N. Parker; Aldermen, Joseph P. Fessendeu, Jacob B. Ham, Milton C. Wedgwood, James Wrigley, William J. Buruham, Stephen I. Abbott, Noah Litchfield; Councilmen, John F. Putnam, John N. Wood, Daniel Wood, William Robinson, Martin A. Jones, William F. Garcelon, Joseph H. Day, C. I. Barker, H. H. Richardson, 354 History of Androscoggin County. John A. Rodick, George Hauson, Horace W. Barber, Josiah G. Coburn, David Cowan, Richard R. Ricker, John W. Farwell, Ehjah M. Shaw, Joseph A. Pierce, John B. Garcelou, Jason Rand, Daniel B. Jones; Clerh, Edward P. Tohie; Marshal, Isaac S. Faunce. \%7()^ Mayor, William H. Stevens; Aldermen, A. K. P. Knowlton, Mandcville T. Ludden, Alonzo Garcelon, Isaac C. Dowues, William S. Rogers, Horace B. Bartlett, David Cowan; Councihncn, John F. Putnam, Alonzo D. Morton, Albert B. Furbush, Edward H. Cummings, Albert E. Frost, J. L. H. Cobb, Cyrus I. Barker, Roscoe C. Reynolds, H. H. Richardson, Aaron D. Thorne, Buel W. Dean, Rufus Carr, Richard R. Ricker, Cyrus Greely, Josiah G. Coburn, Benjamin P. Lowell, Joseph A. Pierce, Robert D. Sutherland, Jr, Jesse T. Stevens, William R. Wright, James Garcelou, 3d; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, Oscar G. Douglass. 1871— Mayor, Alonzo Garcelou; Aldermen, John F. Putnam, Mandeville T. Ludden, David F. Noyes, George A. Drew, David Cowan, Stephen I. Abbott (resigned), Joseph P. Gill, William S. Rogers (to fill vacancy); Counellmcn, Alonzo B. Morton, Albert B. Furbush, Abial M. Jones, Albert E. Frost, George A. Callahan, Benjamin Litchfield, Roscoe C. Reynolds, Thomas Ward, Eli B. Clark, Rufus Carr, John Riley, T. B. Rowell, Josiah G. Coburn, Cyrus Greely, Charles P. Wellman, Richard Skelton, David Phete- place, Eaton Patterson (resigned), William J. Rodick, William R. Wright, George W. Crockett, Benjamin A. Bailey (to fill vacancy); Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, Roscoe C. Reynolds (resigned); Ham Brooks (elected to fill vacancy). 1872 — Mayor, David Cowan; Aldermen, John F. Putnam, William F. Garcelon, Cyrus I. Barker, Ezekiel S. Davis, Cyrus Greely, William S. Rogers, Horace B. Bartlett; Councdmen, Abial M. Jones, Joseph H. Day, Alonzo E. Jackson, George A. Callahan, Benjamin Litchfield, Ai Brooks, Abial Daley, Nathaniel E. Skelton, Phil P. Getchell, Herbert C. Bradford, 0. M. Maxwell, Linneus Cheetham, Josiah G. Coburn, N. R. Lougee, Horace C. Little, Richard Skelton, Benjamin A. Bailey, David Pheteplace, John Goss, William F. Morrell, John S. P. Ham; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, H. H. Richardson. J873 — ilfaj/or, Nathan W. Farwell; Aldermen, 'R'A,ns,om C Piugree, William F. Gar- celon, Alonzo Garcelon, George A. Drew, Cyrus Greely, A. J. Morse, Horace B Bartlett; CoiincUmen, Joseph H. Day, Daniel Holland, J. L. H. Cobb, Ai Brooks, Samuel W. Libby, Pluramer C. Tarbox, James M. Small, Patrick McGillicuddy, A. L. Goss, Frank A. Conant, John Brophy, John H. Gooch, Edmund Russell, Z. H. Spinney, Charles H. Perkins, Joseph W. Quimby, Hiram Snow, Byron W. Getchell, Abel Goddard, Joseph Miller, William J. Rodick; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, H. H. Richardson. 1874 — Mayor, H. H. Dickey; Aldermen, Ransom C. Pingree, A. Wakefield, David F. Noyes, Michael A. Ward, Thoraas Fillebrown, James Dempsey, Horace B. Bartlett; Councdmen, Abial M. Jones, John Y. Scruton, Benjamin F. Clough, Samuel W. Libby, Pluramer C. Tarbox, Frederick B. Spi-ague, Jabez W. Murray, Moses D. Golder, William Collins, George Pottle, John Brophy, Clinton B. Heath, Edmund Russell, A. B. Watson, William D. Pennell, Edwin D. Wiggin, John Scott, Wilson Moody, Nathan W. Dutton, Joseph Miller, Gideon Perkins; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie; Marshal, David F. Noyes. 1875 — Mayor, Edmund Russell; Aldermen, Abial M. Jones, Warren E. Pressey, Alonzo Garcelon, Isaac C Dowues, William D. Pennell, David Pheteplace, Charles C. Cobb; Councdmen, John Y. Scruton, Benjamin F. Clough, Sylvauus D. Thomas, George S. Follansbee, George A. Chandler, Nelson Howard, William Collins, Patrick McGillicuddy, Selden A. Cummings, Thomas W. Murch, Thomas D. Thorne, Charles H. Hobbs, A. B. Watson, John H. Stetson, Milton C. Wedgwood, B. W. Getchell, Joseph J. Davis, Albert Cook, Nathan W. Dutton, D. Horace Holman, Gideon Perkins; Clerk, Edward P. Tobie (dec); Everett A. Nash ( to fill vacancy); Marshal, Oscar G. Douglass. City of Lewiston. 355 1876 — 3Iai/or, Edmund Russell ; Aldermen, Abial M. Jones, Warren E. Pressey, Alonzo Garcelon, Thomas Ward, William D. Pennell, Albert Cook, Charles C. Cobb; Councilmen, John Y. Scruton, Sylvanus D. Thomas, Frank E. Sleeper, Nelson Howard, Joseph W. Perkins, Albert E. Frost, William Collins, Patrick McGillicuddy, Moses D. Goldor, George A. Drew, William Leader, Ervin V. Daly, John H. Stetson, John Garner, George A. Chandler, Menander Dennett, Hillman Smith, Frank E. Severance, D. Horace Holman, Joseph Bletlien, Daniel B. Jones; Clerk, Everett A. Nash; Marshal, Oscar G. Douglass. \S77 — 3Ia>/or, Ednumd Russell; Aldermen, J. L. H. Cobb, Nelson Howard, Alonzo Garcelon, Jesse S. Lyford, William D. Pennell, Dennis J. Callahan, John B. Garcelon ; Councilmen, John Y. Scruton, Frank E. Sleeper, David B. Strout, Albert E. Frost, Joseph W. Perkins, Jacob L. Hayes, Alfred M. Hitchcock, William C Bailey, Selden A. Cummiugs, Timothy J. Murphy, Ervin V. Daly ( resigned ), Richard Burke, George A. Chandler, John Garner, F'red B. Sands, Cyrus Haskell, Wilson Moody, G. G. Berry, Joseph S. Garcelon, Liberty H. Hutchinson, Frank W. Parker, W. W. Sanborn (to fill vacancy); Clerk, Everett A. Nash; Marshal, Warren P. Laughton. 1878 — Mayor, Jesse S. Lyford; Aldermen, Joseph H. Day, Oliver Newman, Patrick McGillicuddy, Michael Eagan, John Garner, Dennis J. Callahan, William J. Rodick; Councilmen, David B. Strout, Joseph K. Blanchard, Silas W. Cook, Roscoe C Reynolds, Timothy O. Callahan, George G. Hartwell, Alfred M. Hitchcock, Calvin W. Clark, Thomas Sugrue, Timothy J. Murphy, Richard Burke, William W. Sanborn, Fred B. Sands, Richard R. Kicker, Isaac Goddard, Jr, Giles G. Berry, Wilson Moody, Cyrus Haskell, John W. West, Isaac A. Hayes, Ezra C. Kilgore; Clerk, Fred D. Lyford ; Marshal, John C. Quinby. \87^ — Mayor, Joseph H. Day; Aldermen, David B. Strout, William F. Garcelon, George F. French, Dennis J. Callahan, John Garner, James Chandley, Maudeville T. Luddeu; Councilmen, Joseph K. Blanchard, Silas W. Cook, Seth Chandler, John Given, Plummer C. Tarbox, RendiiU Dresser, Calvin W. Clark, Thomas Sugrue, William Collins, John Brophy, Thomas Kelley, William W. Sanborn, Fred B. Sands, Richard R. Ricker, William Lydston, Wilson Moody, Cyrus Haskell, Thomas Murphy, Daniel Allen, Elbridge G. Woodside, Andrew J. Hinckley; Clerk, Charles F. Goss; Marshal, Hillman Smith. \%m — Mayor, Joseph H. Day; Aldermen, David B. Strout, Liberty H. Hutchinson, Alonzo M. Garcelon, Dennis J. Callahan, Fred B. Sands, James Chandley, Nathan W. Dutton; CouncHmen, Joseph K. Blanchard, Addison Small, Seth Chandler, Rendall Dresser, Henry A. Torsey, Fred H. White, William Collins, Frank W. Martin, Thomas Sugrue, Royal Quimby, John Brophy, Eben Murch, William Lydston, Charles Horbury, Cyrus Greely, Palmer C. Thompson, John B. Smith, L. LeFebvre, Elbridge G- Woodside, Melvin J. Googin, Daniel Allen; Clerk, Everett A. Nash; Marshal, Hillman Smith. l^m — Mayor, Mandeville T. Ludden ; Aldermen, Seth Chandler, Liberty H. Hutch- inson, Alonzo M. Garcelon, Daniel S. Fitzgerald, William Lydston, John B. Smith, Nathan W\ Dutton; Councilmen, Addison Small, Isaac C. Merrill, Sylvanus B. Hayes, Henry A. Torsey, Fred H. White, Adelbert D. Cornish, Selden A. Cummings, Charles W. Waldron, Fred H. Thornton, Eben Murch, George W. Furbush, Joseph D. Montmarquet, Charles Horbury, Cyrus Greely, Fred F. Garcelon, Cyrus Haskell, George F. Drew, Leon LeFebvre, Melvin J. Googin, Leonard P. Woodbury, William W. Clough; C'terA, Everett A.Nash; Marshal, Hillman Smith. 1882 — ilfa^or, David Farrar; Aldermen, Seth Chandler, Jacob L. Hayes, Howard N. Wagg, Daniel S. Fitzgerald, Cyrus Greely, John B. Smith, Horace B. Bartlett; Coun- cilmen, Adelbert D. Cornish, Charles D. Lemont, Horace Libby, Sylvanus B. Hayes, Thomas B. Longley, Isaac C. Merrill, William Collins, Benjamin F. Peterson, Thomas Mansfield, George W. Furbush. Joseph D. Montmarquet, Everett 0. Hilton, Fred F, Garcelon, Simeon H. Murray, Magloire Phaneuf, George F. Drew, Joseph E. Cloutier. 356 History of Androscoggin County. Daniel Finn, Frank W. Parker, Albert L. Templeton, William W. Clough ; Clerk, Everett A. Nash; Marshal, Hillman Smith. 1883 — Mayor, Alouzo M. Garcelon; Aldermen, Fessendeu I. Day, Charles C. Wilson, Howard N Wagg, Moses D. Golder, Sanmel Booth, Cornelius O'Connell, Archie L. Talbot; Councihiien, Thomas H. Lougley, Charles H. Miller, Albion K. Ordway, Roscoe C. Reynolds, John A. Tracy, Oren A. Norton, William Collins, Benjamin F. Peterson, George W. Ham, 0. Everett Hilton, Timothy F. Callahan, Frank Peltier, Stanislas Marcous, Josiah G. Coburn, James Vaughn, Joseph E. Cloutier, John J. Burke, Jonathan F. Herrick, George G. Wagg, Albert L. Templeton, Frank W. Parker; Clerk, William J. Rodick; Marshal, George W. Metcalf. 1884 — Mayor, Nelscm Howard; Aldermen, Fessenden I. Day, Albert E. Frost, Howard N. Wagg, Timothy F. Callahan, Samuel Booth, Cornelius O'Connell, Archie L. Talbot; Councilmen, Charles H. Miller, Albion K. Ordway, Edwin H. Woodside, Isaac C. Dowues, Charles S. Crowell, Charles D. Lemont, Cornelius J. Callahan, S. A. Baker, John E. Gagne, William Leader, Cleophas Thibault; Fred E. Loavitt, Stanislas Marcous, James Vaughn, Nathaniel W. Tarbox, John Scott, Charles Marchand, Anthony E. McDonough, George G. Wagg, Frank L. Hoyt, Ivory W. Emerson; Clerk, William J. Rodick; Marshal, James A. O'Brien (acting). 1885 — Mayor, Charles Walker; Aldermen, A. K. P. Knowlton, Roscoe C. Reynolds, Alonzo M. Garcelon, Timothy F. Callahan, Charles H. Osgood, Anthony E. McDonough, Frank W. Parker; Councilmen, Edwin H. Woodside, James T. Small, Everett A. Nash, Orin A. Norton, Alva D. Barker, Isaac M. Blake, Cornelius J. Callahan, Michael A. Ward, Fred E. Leavitt, William Leader, Louis Joncas, Charles E. Morgan, Magloirc Phaneuf, Mathew McGawley, Wells H. Bates, Charles 0. Godwin, Jeremiah F. Sullivan, Eli Roi, Frank L. Hoyt, Ivory W. Emerson, Frank L. Noble; Clerk, Wm J. Rodick ; Marshal, John French. \Q%Q— Mayor, David Cowan; Aldermen, A. K. P. Knowlton, Rendall Dresser, Charles G. English, Timothy Callahan, Pierre X. Angers, Michael A. Murphy, Frank W. Parker; Councilmen, Everett A. Nash, Isaac S. Faunce, James T. Tarbox, Isaac M. Blake, Charles D. Lemont, Edward Webb, Cornelius J. Callahan, Michael A. Ward, Benjamin F. Getchell, William Leader, Louis Joncas, Charles E. Morgan, Edwin C. Douglas, Israel B. Merrill, George W. Goss, James McManus, Charles 0. Paradis, John O'Rourke, Frank L. Noble, Alonzo W. Sturges, Byron S. Adams; Clerk, John Sabin; Marshal, Daniel Guptill. 1887 — Mayor, Daniel J. McGillicuddy; Aldermen, Everett A. Nash, Alva D. Barker, Michael A. Coyne, Frank A. Couant, Pierre X. Angers, Michael A. Murphy, Frank L. Hoyt; Councilmen, Isaac S. Faunce, James T. Tarbox, Albert S. Pluramer, Isaac M. Blake, Cyrus M. Luut, George F. Reynolds, Benjamin F. Getchell, Newton J. Wedgwood, Thomas Robinson, William Leader, Charles E. Morgan, John E. Gagne, Edwin C. Douglas, Israel B. Morrill, George W. Goss, James McManus, Alfred W. Maillet, Menander Dennett, Alonzo W. Sturges, Byron S. Adams, Charles 0. Morrell; Clerk, John Sabin; Marshal, Daniel Guptill. 1888 — Mayor, Horace C. Little; Aldermen, Wallace H. White, Alva D. Barker, Michael A. Coyne, Fred L. Tarr, Pierre X. Angers, Michael A. Murphy, Frank L. Hoyt; CouncHmcn, Albert S. Plummer, J. Frank Boothby, William F. Wood, Cyrus M. Lunt, Charles S. Crowell, Eben W. Dresser, Newton J. Wedgwood, Thomas Robinson, Alexander McWilliams, Augustus Marcous, Frank H. Johnson, Charles C. Benson, William Scott, James M. Sherman, Henri Lezotte, Menander Dennett, Alfred W. Maillett, Patrick J, Flaherty, Abram W. Garcelon, Charles 0. Morrell, William A. Libby; Clerk, John F. Putnam ; Marshal, Selden A. Cunnniugs. \^m — Mayor, Horace C. Little; Aldermen, Wallace H. White, Cyrus M. Lunt, Napoleon B. Stockbridge, Charles C. IJenson, Daniel S. Fitzgerald, James L. Kenney, City of Lewiston. 357 Charles O. Morrell; Councilmen, William F. Wood, J. Frank Bootliby, William T. Smart, Ebeu W. Dresser, Benjamin Litchfield, Michael P. McGillicuddy, James J. Mottram, Edwin K. Smith, Frank Wright, Martin A. Ward, George W. Cappers, Ossian N. Briggs, James M. Sherman, Henry Lezotte, Daniel E. Murphy, John O'Roiivke, Patrick J. Flaherty, Cornelius W. Murphy, William A. Libby, Abram W. Garcelon, George M. Coombs ; Clerk, John F. Putnam ; Marshdl, Selden A. Cummings. ]8W— Mni/or, Daniel J. McGillicuddy; Aldermen, Sylvanus B. Hayes, Cyrus M. Lunt, Henry Hines, Patrick J. Cronin, Louis J. Martel, John L. Kenney, William A. Libby; Councilmen, Samuel C. Leslie, Jr, George D. Armstrong, George W. Goss, Michael C. McGillicuddy, George C. Judkins, Jacob L. Hayes, George E. Harrison, Josiah B. Longley, Louis Langelior, Ossian N. Briggs, Oliver A. Frasier, Mathew McGawley, W. D. Crafts, John E. Gagne, Cornelius Russell, Frank Peltier, Cornelius W. Murphy, George W. Coombs, Andrew L. Marble, David A. Scanned; Clerk, Francois X. Bellcan; Marshal, Mathew McGawley. Wd\— Mayor, William H. Newell; Aldermen, Sylvanus B. Hayes, Cyrus M. Lunt, Henry Hines, Alonzo M. Garcelon, Louis J. Martel, C. W. Murphy, William A. Libby; Councilmen, Samuel C. Leslie, Jr, George W. Goss, George M. Kavanaugh, Michael P. McGillicuddy, George C. Judkins, Jacob L. Hayes, Josiah B. Longley, Cornelius O'Connell, P. M. Doyle, Clcophas Thibeault, William Leader, George Welpley, John J. Sheehan, Regis Provost, A. K. P. Harvey, Cornelius Russell, Frank Peltier, William Scott, David A. Scannell, A. Llewellyn Marble, Arion C. Peirce; Clerk, Francois X. Belleau; Marshal, Mathew McGawley. Treasurers, David Farrar, from 1862 to 1871 ; John S. Adams, 1872; David Farrar, 1873 to 1877; A. Wakefield, 1878; David Farrar, 1879 to 1881; A. M. Jones, 1882; Charles Walker, 1883 to 1885; David Farrar, 1886 to 1889; Seth D. Wakefield, 1890, 1891. CHAPTER XVII. Ecclesiastical History —Church Organizations — Schools. THE BAPTISTS. The Old South Church. — hi 1783 Rev. James Potter, of Bowdoinham, Me, a Baptist preacher, made his first missionary tour to the then plantation of Lewiston, undoubtedly the first minister who visited the place. Mr Potter relates in his autobiography the circumstances and incidents connected with his first visit. His success was complete, but no effort was made to organize a church or society until 17H9, and then a conference only was instituted, and the ordinances administered once in four months. The conference was composed of members residing in Lewiston, Greene, Bowdoin (now Webster), Freeport, Wales, New Gloucester, and Pejepscot (Danville), now the southern part of the city of Auburn. Scattered as they were, they maintained religious worship, receiving the ministrations 358 History of Androscoggin County. of Rev. Messrs Potter, Case, and Macomber. Gathering strength with every year, they were enabled to organize a church March 3, 1792, consisting of 55 members. Potter, Case, and Macomber taking part in the recognition. The organization was probably effected in the barn of Abner Harris, who was without doubt one of the first deacons and at whose residence, for the most part, until 1795, the church worshiped. From 1795 until the completion of the " Old South Church " in 1888, the church worshiped in the school-house on what is now known as Rose Hill. It is utterly impossible at this time, and in the absence of the church records, to state definitely when the church engaged its first pastor, Rev. Levi Chadbourn, who was received by them with more than ordinary interest. Prepossessing in appearance, with a fine address and apparent piety, he soon won the confidence of the church and the esteem of the community. The society immediately commenced the erection of a parsonage on land owned by Abner Harris, now owned and occupied by William M. Chamberlin, Esq., but it was not completed. Mr Chadbourn's stay was short. Slander assailed his character, and his usefulness in the community was destroj'ed. Notwith- standing these unfavorable circumstances the prosperity of the church was such that it was deemed expedient for the members who resided in other towns to organize conferences and churches in their respective communities; but this was not effected at once. The members who resided in Greene were constituted a church in 1793, and the same year those in Webster organized a conference, and in 1794 a conference was instituted in Pejepscot. The next year those living in New Gloucester were dismissed to form a new church, and those in Freeport were dismissed in 1797 to join the church at North Yar- mouth. The depletions made by these dismissals were more than filled by tlie accessions during 1794 and 1796, the fruits of interesting revivals which took place during those years. From the time of the organization of the church until 1802 the society received the occasional ministrations of Mr Potter; but now one of their own members. Rev. Benjamin Cole, was called to the pastorate of the church. Mr Cole remained the successful and honored pastor, with the exception of short intervals, when he supplied other places until near the time of his death, September 10, 1839. Rev. James Garcelon was pastor in 1815. The continued prosperity of the church, the large accessions to its mem- bers, the necessity of a more commodious and convenient place of worship, induced the members of the church and some others, early in 1818, to take measures to supply this great want. The first public meeting for the purpose was held February 19, 1818, when Winslow Ames was chosen moderator and Noah Litchfield, clerk. At a subsequent meeting, William (xarcelon, Jr, was chosen clerk and treasurer, and David Pettengill, I'homas Hodgkin, and Joseph Dill were chosen a committee " to look out a place to set a meeting- City of Lewiston. 359 house," who reported at a meeting held March 7, that the " southerly corner of James Mitchell's land " would be a desirable location. The society bought one-half acre of land at this place, it being valued at $H. The building committee, William Garcelon, Jr, Jacob Golder, and Thomas Hodgkin, carried forward the work with energy and success, for we find that the proprietors " met at the meeting-house frame, Monday, June 22, 1818." The meeting-house was finished in November, 1818, and the pews, 86 in number — 56 in the body of the house, and 30 in the gallery — were prized at $2,200, and sold at auction for choice, by Winslow Ames, November 28, 1818. The house was 41x45 feet and cost $2,2C)0, and was dedicated December 1, 1818, Rev. Henry Kendall, of Topsham, preaching the sermon. Among the proprietors of the "Old South Church" were a number of Universalists, who, in 1821, under the direction of Mr Ezra Handall, formerly a deacon of the church, demanded their proportionate part of the time. To this end they petitioned the prudential committee, saying they "believed in an impartial Allmity," whom they desired to worship. Their request was promptly granted. In 1826 Rev. Mr Frost, of Lisbon, was engaged to preach for the society, and finally a contract was made to settle him as pastor, after which he informed the society that he was a Universalist. He had secured a majority of the proprietors as a Baptist, but in his new role he was less successful. He was immediately dismissed. Rev. James Garcelon, Jr, was ordained in 1841, and soon after became pastor of the church, a relation which he sustained until the church became extinct, about 1847. The "Old South Meetingdiouse " besides its use as a church was occupied for various public purposes, and for a number of years, until Jones's Hall was completed (1850) as a town-house. But after the organization of the First Baptist church in 1847, which included some of the members of the "Old South," which for more than fifty years had been vigorous and had enjoyed so large a share of prosperity, it became extinct and its members were mostly absorbed by the First Baptist. The church, not being occupied for religious purposes, and nearly all of the original proprietors having died or become interested in other places of worship, was sold in 1852, by order of the Supreme Court, for -^250, to Samuel Litchfield and J. L. Cutter. It was taken down and removed to the "Falls," where it was rebuilt. It is situated nearly opposite the lower Maine Central depot. Five members of the Old South Church became ministers, viz., James Garcelon, Benjamin Cole, Joseph Roberts, Jacob Golder, and James Garcelon, Jr. The Free Baptist Church. — During his missionary tour in the autumn of 1783, Rev. Benjamin Randall, of New Durham, N. H., the founder of the Free Baptist denomination, visited Lewiston, where he preached and baptized for the first time, but did not organize a church. It was his custom to receive all who desired to become members into his church at New Durham. But a 360 History op Androscoggin County. membership so widely scattered was not easily controlled, and he soon found some of his Lewiston members expressing dissatisfaction with some of the doc- trines he had so zealously advocated. Notwithstanding, however, the defection of some of the members, the number of adherents steadily increased, and it was deemed expedient to organize a church in Lewiston, which was done Septem- ber 10, 1803, the usual services being conducted by Rev. Ephraim Stinchfield, of New Gloucester, who had preached in Lewiston as early as 1790. But little can be gleaned of the history of this church, which maintained its exist- ence, however, with more or less prosperity until 1817. It is not probable that the church ever had a settled pastor, but was supplied with preaching by clergymen who visited the place, and, undoubtedly, for much of the time by Rev. Benjamin Thorne, who was a member of the church. In 1817 there was an extensive revival under the labors of Rev. Josiah Farwell, and a church organized December 3, 1817, at the Herrick school-house, which embraced quite a number of the members of the First Church, and which finally sup- planted it. The church as originally formed comprised twenty members, viz.: Rev. Benjamin Thorne, John Mooar, Oliver Herrick, Luther Litchfield, Wade Litchfield, Hannah Thorne, Elizabeth Graffam, Alice Thorne, Abigail Thorne, Mary Thorne, Hannah Thorne, 2d, Hannah Cutler, Martha Mooar, Sally Wright, Ruth Cole, Rhoda Litchfield, Lucy Lander, Susan Paul, Charlotte Pettengill, and Cyntha Cutler. At the organization of the church Oliver Herrick was chosen clerk, a position he held for many years. Jonathan Nash and Luther Litclifield were chosen deacons, August 0, 1818, and on the l*.>th of November of the same year " Elder Benjamin Thorne was received as tlie pastor and teacher agreeable to the New Testament Order," a relation which he long held. Soon after the church was organized and in connection with the labors of Rev. Mr Farwell, measures were taken to construct a house of worship. Active operations were commenced in 1818, but the house Avas not completed and dedicated until December, 1820. It was located on Main street on the north side of Mountain avenue, on the lot now occupied by the residence of Mr Fred H. White, where it remained until October 2, 1838, when it was removed to the corner of Main and Chapel streets — Haymarket Square- — and occupied by the Main Street Free Baptists until February, 1856. The church had a nominal existence until about 1840, Avhen only some eight persons retained their connection with it. Tltc Frivtuh Soclctij. — The history of the denomination called the Friends is involved in much obscurity. Amos Davis was, undoubtedly, the first person of that persuasion in Lewiston. He was a very worthy and exemplary man, and took a great interest in the prosperity and usefulness of the society. Davis was the first elder and continued until his death, March 20, 1815. This office was then filled by his son, David, who died January 5, 1851. Levi Meader succeeded Mr Davis. Mr Meader died April 2, 1872. Mr Amos Davis fitted up a small City of Lewiston. 361 building in the old burying-ground on Sabatis street for a meeting and school, which was occupied for several years. The Friends built the first meeting-house in town, completed in 1811. It was situated on the Vining farm on the old Lisbon road, where it remained until 185(3, when it was taken down and removed to what is known as the Isaac Goddard farm, on the river road. For many years the town held its meetings in tliis house. There are now but few representatives in the society of the families who were once its chief supporters. It became small and feeble, and its place of worship was transferred to the city [)roper, where several families of Friends had settled. The old meeting- house was sold in 1875, taken down and removed to the city. They then held meetings in the Y. M. C. A. room until the completion of their house of worship on College street. This is a wooden structure 34x52 feet, and has a seating capacity of about 250, and cost about •f3,500. The first service was held August 1, 1875. The ministers of the society at this meeting were Rev. Charles Varney, Freeman Andrews, David Douglass, William Jacob, Cyrus Cartland, George Douglass, Caleb Nichols. Mr David Douglass made remarks and offered prayer, after which Mr Jacob gave a brief account of the rise of the society. In the afternoon Mr David Douglass delivered a sermon. Its pastors have been Charles Varney, Stephen Cartland, Freeman Andrews, George S. Williams, and the present pastor, George H. Farr. The South Lewiston Church. (Clough) Free Baptists. — This church, consist- ing of 2(3 members, was organized July 26, 1826, Rev. Messrs Ward, Lock, and Abiezer Bridges taking part in the services. The sermon was by Rev. Mr Lock. The original members were: Noah Litchfield, Martha Litchfield, Amos Davis, Jr, Mariah Davis, Barzilla Rand, Thankful Rand, John Pettengill, Mary Pettengill, Aaron Davis, Jr, Samuel Mooer, Elizabeth Mooer, Joseph Webber, Joseph Jordan, Samuel Litchfield, Ames Litchfield, Mabel Williams, Mehitable Crowley, Jerusha Davis, Deborah Davis, Anna Davis, Sarah Ben- nett, Nabby R. Sleeper, Mary Lake, Sarah Hamilton, Lucy Gillpatrick, Anna Mitchell. The church held its meetings in Aaron Davis's barn, at the Clough school-house, and at various private residences in the vicinity, until 1846, when the present meeting-house was completed. The church has had no settled minister for many years, but has maintained worship for the greater part of the time, having its pulpit supplied by students from Cobb Divinity School. F-ree Baptists (Main Street J. — April, 1838, a series of meetings were held at the North Meeting-house and conducted by Rev. Messrs Isaac Libby, Gideon Perkins, Benjamin Thorne, and E. Phinney. An interesting revival ensued, and nearly 100 conversions were reported. As an immediate result of these meet- ings 3(3 were baptized May 20, 1838; 21 by Rev. Isaac Libby and 15 by Rev. Silas Curtis, and on May 28, 1838, a church was organized with these members: Ai Brooks, Isaac Barton, Josiah Blaisdell, James B. Cotton, John Curtis, William R. Frye, Stephen Field, Joseph Chamberlain, Amos Hersey, John B. 362 History of Androscoggin County. Jones, John C. Jepson, Norris Litchfield, Harrison G. Otis, Eben H. Sleeper, Orin Sprague, Temple Tebbets, David Tracy, Thomas Thorne, Jeremiah Skinner, Joseph Winslow, Jane Brooks, Bathsheba Curtis, Christiana Caswell, Olive Chamberlain, Ann Dill, Joan Garcelon, Ann Hearsy, Mary Jane Hearsy, Lucinda Litchfield, Susan Merrill, Sarah Ann Nash, Joan Nash, Ann Pettengill, Julia Roberts, Sally Staten, Lucretia W. Tracy, Mary Ann Thompson, Laura C. Thorne, Sarah H. Tebbets, May Ann Webber, Mary Winslow, and Lydia Waterhouse. Uev. Messrs Benjamin Thorne, Isaac Libby, and Silas Curtis took part in the organization. Additions were continnally made to the church, and during May and June 52 were baptized and became members. The interest of the new church induced (October 2, 1838,) the change of the meeting-house from its original location to the corfter of Main and Chapel streets where it now stands, the old building occupied by O. S. Ham, Here the church worshiped until February, 1856. Several years before this the churcli and society began to agitate the question of the erection of a new house of worship. The plan finally adopted was somewhat novel for this place. A stock company was incorporated with a capital of $10,000, consisting of 100 shares, and the work was commenced in 1854. The house, corner of Main and Bates streets, was completed in the winter of 1855-6, and dedicated February 14, 1856. Rev. Martin J. Steere, one of the most brilliant speakers of the denomination, preached the dedicatory sermon. In the evening Rev. James Drummond, of Auburn, delivered a very able sermon to a large audience. The house is a substantial brick structure and cost about -1*20,000. Rev. Isaac Libby, the first pastor, was born in Buxton, February 22, 1809. He was licensed to preach in the fall of 1836. In April, 1837, he came to Lewiston and preached the greater part of the year to the First Free Baptist church. Mr Libby was ordained by a council from the Gorham Quarterly Meeting in April, 1838, and became pastor of this church June 14, 1838, and resigned February 25, 1841. Mr Libby was pastor at Brunswick, and subsequently at Cape Elizabeth. In July, 1843, he returned to Lewiston and assumed this pastorate for two years. In 1846 he became pastor of the Free Baptist church at Farmington Hill. He subsequently returned to Lewiston and resided for several 3^ears. He died in Auburn, October 18, 1866. He was a sound and effective preacher, and under his ministration prosperity was experienced. In manner he was dignified and grave, having but few of those qualities which captivate and charm the average audience. Rev. Daniel Jackson, a native of Madison, N. IL, became pastor in November, 1841, and resigned in December, 1842. He was ordained at Fast Ossipee, N. II. , September 14, 1826, where he was pastor for five years ; at Wheelock, Vt, for two years; he preached also in other states. He has recently deceased. He is remembered as a very genial man, prepossessing in manner, and an interesting and instructive preacher. Rev. George W. Bean became pastor in 1845, and City of Lewiston. 363 resigned in 1848. He came from Farmington and after the close of his ministry here became pastor of the Free Baptist church at West Waterville, now Oakland. Kev. Joseph S. Burgess, the fourth pastor, was born in Williamsburg, Mass., August 15, 1814. He was a teacher eight years, then commenced the study of law, but becoming interested in religion he entered Whitestown Seminary, then under the direction of Rev. John FuUonton, D.D,, and commenced study for the ministry. He accomplished the two years' course in one. In June, 1846, he became pastor of the Free Baptist church at West Waterville, and remained for two years. Mr Burgess became pastor of the Main Street Free Baptist church, September 18, 1848, and continued 12 years. The church was small — only 60 came to greet him the first Sabbath — and had little financial ability. At the close of his pastorate it had become one of the largest and strongest of the denomination in Maine. It was during his ministry that the church edifice, corner of Main and Bates streets, was built. Mr Burgess's next pastorates were at Haverhill, Mass., for two years; Bangor, three years; and at Harrisburg, Penn., three years. In 1868, at the unanimous request of the friends of the new Pine Street Free Baptist church, he severed his connection at Harrisburg, and accepted its pastorate. Mr Burgess labored here with zeal and success until December 31, 1868. Nineteen years of pastoral work in these two churches had so identified him with the interests of the place and people that his removal caused many expressions of regret. Mr Burgess was corresponding secretary of the Home Mission Society, and passed nearly three years in assisting needy churches in Maine, Vermont, and Massachusetts, and for five years supplied churches of different denominations in Connecticut. He was a man of the people, and had a strong hold upon their affection and esteem. He was unassuming and without ostentation, ever hopeful and kind- hearted. He died at Waterbury, Conn., February 28, 1888, and was buried in Lewiston. Mr John A. Lowell, a teacher in the Maine State Seminary, supplied the pulpit as early as October, 1860, and in March, 1861, the church applied for his ordination, which occurred in June. He closed his labors in 1869. Kev. W. H. Bowen, of Providence, R. I., commenced his pastoral work June 6, 1869, and resigned in 1882. Rev. O. D. Patch was pastor from 1882 until 1884. Rev. Carter E. Cate was here as pastor from 1884 to 1888, when he was succeeded, October 11, by Rev. Martyn Summerbell, D.D. Park Street Methodist Church. — -There were but few Methodists in this community previous to the year 1845, and no attempt to organize a church. For nearly fifty years an occasional minister of the conference would visit the place, preach a sermon, and then go on his missionary tour, never, perhaps, to return. But in July, 1845, Rev. John Allen (Camp-meeting John) was appointed to the Little Androscoggin Mission, which embraced what w^as then called Lewiston Falls. In the two villages, Lewiston and Auburn, he spent 364 History of Androscoggin County. nearly one-fourth of his time preaching in the school-houses on both sides of the river. In 184() Mr Allen was re-appointed, and continued his labors in the same manner as the previous year. In July, 1847, Rev. William Summersides was appointed to the East Poland circuit, Lewiston being included within its limits. He preached here one-quarter of the time for a part of the year. Mr Summersides was returned to this circuit by the conference in 1848, but spent only one or two Sabbaths at the " Falls." At the session of the conference in July, 1849, Rev. Charles Andrews was appointed to the Lewiston Falls Mission, which was limited to Lewiston and Auburn. Mr Andrews commenced his labors immediately, and the Methodists here had for the first time a settled pastor. At this time it is very difficult to ascertain just how many Methodists there were in the two villages, but the following list is believed to be nearly complete : W. L. Davis, John Oakes, Ruth Oakes, Stephen Blethen, Charles Oliver, Mary Herrick, Sarah M. Cobb, L. J. R. Crocker, Hannah Crocker, Samuel Springer, Sarah N. Springer, Ami Read, Margaret Read, Lurania Jordan, Mrs Daniel Wood, Charles D. Thomas, Jacob P. Smith, Ruby B. Addi- ton, Winslow Kyle, Amos Bailey, Rachel Davis, Jemima Nevins, Strout, Isaac Yetten, Anna Davis, Thomas J. Foss, Eliza Mitchell, Harriet D. Strout, William Staples, Harriet L. Yetten, Charles W. Kyle, Nathaniel French, Elizabeth French, Mrs Charles W. Kyle. It is possible that some others might have been connected with these two " classes," one on each side of the river, at the time Mr Andrews came here. In the summer and autunm of 1849, Mr Andrews preached in the school-houses in Lewiston and Auburn, but usually in tlie school-house in Lewiston. It was an old, dilapidated, brick building, located near the Main Street Free Baptist church, which they were compelled to abandon as cold weather approached. In the winter of 1849-50 they occupied Village Hall in Auburn ; and subse- quently the church worshiped in Union Hall, Auburn. Salaries in those days were not large, and Mr Andrews's salary, as fixed by the board, was -tlTS. He was re-appointed in 1850. In 1851 Rev. Ezekiel Robinson was appointed to the charge, with a salary of ■t350. It was during his pastorate that the place of worship was changed from Auburn to Jones's Hall in Lewiston. This hall, the first in Lewiston, had just been completed and occu[)ied the upper story of what is now the lower Maine Central station. Here the church worshiped for several years. Mr Robinson was re-appointed in 1852. In 1853 the conference sent Rev. Benjamin Foster to Lewiston. Mr Foster was earnest and zealous in advocating the erection of a house of worship. Through his inlluence, and largely under his direction, a lot was procured on Park street and their present church edifice, a substantial wooden building, containing a basement, which is used for a vestry, was erected and dedicated September 9, 1854. Mr Foster was pastor for two years. Rev. H. M. Blake was appointed by the conference as pastor in 1855, and served two years. The church became City of Lewiston. 365 self-supporting under his pastorate. Rev. H. B. Abbott was pastor of the church for two years, commencing in the spring of 1857. In May, llev. Charles Munger became pastor for two years. It was during this time, April 1, 18(>1, that the church was divided and the Methodist church in Auburn organized, the river being recognized as the " dividing line." This depletion did not seriously embarrass the Park street church. Rev. J. McMillan was pastor during the years 1861-62. In 1863 Rev. D. B. Randall became pastor. He was re-appointed in 1864. The conference appointed Rev. H. B. Abbott pastor in 1865. Mr Abbott remained for three years. In 1868 Rev. Ezekiel Martiu was then pastor for two years. Rev. Cyrus King became pastor in 1870; remained one year. He left the conference and removed to the West. Rev. Charles J. Clark was appointed in 1871, and occupied the pulpit for three years. He was followed by Rev. Horace W. Bolton for three years; Rev. Roscoe L. Greene, three years; Rev. Israel Luce, three years; Rev. Fred C. Rogers, three years; Rev. Wilber F. Berry, two years; Rev. W. S. Mclntire, three years. The present pastor. Rev. E. O. Thayer, was ap[)ointed in May, 1891. The following is the necrology of the pastors of this church: Rev. James McMillan, born in Bartlett, N. H., August 3, 1806, and died in Gorham, Septem- ber 15, 1874. Rev. Howard B. Abbott, born in Sidney, September 14, 1810 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in the class of 1836, and died February 2, 1876. Rev. Ezekiel Robinson, born in Norway in 1799. lie entered the New England Conference in 1823, and for 50 years was an active minister. He died September 2, 1878. Rev. Charles Andrews was born in Berwick, October 23, 1811; died at Old Orchard in the eighties. Rev. Charles J. Clark was born in Portland, April 4, 1839, and died in New York, May 6, 1889. Rev. H. M. Blake died on his way to church, Sunday morning, January 15, 1865, aged 57 years. At the time he was pastor of the Pine Street Church at Portland. Rev. Ezekiel Martin was born in Hebron, March 19, 1820, and died at Lewiston, February 3, 1889. The First Baptist (Bates Street). — Early in the spring of 1847, Mr Daniel H. Wiggin, an earnest Baptist, who came from Greene the year before, took measures to ascertain the number of Baptists in Lewiston and Auburn who were desirous of organizing a church at the " Falls." The immediate result of this effort was a preliminary meeting which was held April 1, 1847, at the house of Mr Edward Cobb, now Dr Small's, on Park street. Mr Cobb was chosen moderator and clerk. Six persons were present at this meeting who "resolved themselves into a committee of vigilance to ascertain the names and number of Baptists in the community, and report at the next meeting." The report of the " vigilance committee," made on the 8th of April, showed 41 persons who were desirous of being organized into a church. Nineteen were present at this meeting and a committee of three was appointed to " ascertain where a place of worship can be obtained." At their 366 History of Androscoggin County. next meeting, April 22, measures were taken to organize a church. The clerk was authorized to notify the "churches most convenient" to send delegates for the purpose of recognition, and Auburn, Danville, Durham, Greene, New Gloucester, and Topsham, i-esponded to the call. The council met at the Free Baptist church (the building now occupied as a grain store on Haymarket Square) June 3, 1847, and organized by choosing Deacon O. C Grose, of New Gloucester, moderator, and Deacon E. Barrell, of Greene, scribe. The proceedings of the council were as follows : lieading the records of the preliminary meetings, by Rev. George Knox; invocation, by Rev. J. Hutch- inson, of Auburn; reading of the scriptures, by Rev. George Knox, of Cornish; introductory prayer, by Rev. James Drummond, Congregationalist, Auburn ; sermon, by Rev. Joseph Kilpatrick, of Topsham ; reading articles of faith, by Rev. Moses Hanscom, of Durham; right-hand of fellowship, by Rev. Samuel Owen, of Durham; address, by Rev. C. W. Reading, of Massachusetts; prayer, by Rev. P. Pillsbury, of Greene ; concluding prayer and benediction, by Rev. George W. Bean, Free Baptist, Lewiston. The church consisted of 25 members, viz.: Daniel H. Wiggin, Joel Morse, Calvin S. Titcomb, Stephen Davis, Simon Marston, Timothy Wright, William R. Wright, Israel Glidden, Jacob Golder, Charles Wiggin, Levi Wiggin, Betsey Wiggin, Sarah Morse, Hannah McKenney, Mary Marston, Jane W. Miller, Ann M. Wiggin, Emeline Wiggin, Mary Titcomb, Abigail Kimball, Mary Mitchell, Eliza Field, Betsey Jepson, Betsey Wright, and Lucy Chamberlain. Of these the venerable Deacon Stephen Davis, now in his ninetieth year, is the only one living. On the 5th of June William R. Wright was chosen clerk, and on the 12th of August Daniel H. Wiggin was chosen deacon, both for one year. Soon after Deacon Wiggin canvassed the three towns, Lewiston, Danville, and Auburn, Rev. George Knox, of Cornish, Me, visited the "Falls" and preached in the school-houses of Lewiston and Auburn. Mr. Knox spent May 16th, 23d, and 30th preaching in these places but did not become pastor of the church until the first Sabbath in August and then under the auspices of the Maine Baptist Missionary Society. He remained the pastor until January, 1860, nearly 13 years. Immediately after the organization, meetings were commenced in the old brick school-house near Lowell's Corner, but owing to its dilapidated condition they were obliged, on the approach of cold weather, to move to the Auburn side of the river into the Rechabite Hall. This was a very small hall, only about 22 x 40 feet and occupied the second story of the building. The lower story was occupied as a confectionery and "grog shop." The hall was found to be too close for warm weather and the society moved into the school-house on Turner street, where they continued to worship, with the exception of a few Sabbaths when Mr Knox occupied Mr Drummond's pulpit, until the completion of their chapel. This was built during the summer and City of Lewiston. 367 autumn of 1848, under contract, by Captain Daniel Holland, and cost about fl,000, which, with the exception of -fllO, was raised by the society. The chapel was occupied for the first time November 9, 1848, when an interesting sermon was delivered by Rev. Mr Beecher, of Portland. In tlie spring of 1849, owing to the extensive oj)erations of the Water-Power Company, they were obliged to change the location of the chapel. During the summer it was moved several times. The chapel was occupied until May, 1853, when it was exchanged with the Water-Power Company in part payment for the lot of land on which they subsequently built their brick church, corner of Main and Lisbon streets. From the chapel they moved to Union Hall in Auburn, where the church remained until December, 1853. In the spring of this year the society commenced the erection of the church at the head of Lisbon Street. This house cost about $10,000, and was dedicated December 9, 1853. Rev. L. B. Allen, of Yarmouth, preached the sermon and Rev. Arthur Drinkwater, of Greene, made the dedicatory prayer. The society occupied this house until May, 1870, the last meeting being held Tuesday evening, May 17. They removed from liere to their new church edifice on Bates street, which was dedicated May 18, 1870. The sermon was by the pastor, Rev. E. M. Haynes, and the dedicatory prayer by Rev. N. M. Wood, D.D., of Illinois, a former pastor. The church was built in 1869-70, is of brick with granite trimmings and pressed brick beltings hiid in black cement, and will seat about 800. It cost, including lot, $54,000. It is situated on Bates street at the southern extremity of the park, which it commands, being a very pleasing structure and a fine, though not gorgeous, specimen of English Gothic architecture. The "structural idea" is carried out in every part, embracing the interior as well as the exterior of the building, and including also the furniture as well as the organ. The entire wood-work of the interior is black walnut, highly polished, with ceilings frescoed and tinted in a manner which admirably relieves the dark effect of the wood. Rev. George Knox, son of Ebenezer and Sarah L. (Dorset) Knox was born in Saco, October 24, 1816. He fitted for college at North Yarmouth Academy; was graduated from Waterville College in 1840; studied at Newton Theological Seminary in 1840-41; was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in Topsham in December, 1841, and remained until 1845, then was pastor in Cornish about two years. But his chief pastorate was with the First Baptist church in Lewiston, which he was instrumental in gathering, and which, under his wise and judicious care, became one of the most prosperous in the community. His labors here were abundant and frequently discouraging, but with tireless energy he prosecuted his work, winning in an especial degree the love and respect not only of his church and society but that of the whole community. Mr Knox was a Christian gentleman ; kind, courteous, and 368 History of Androscoggin County. dignified in all his ways, his presence was a gentle but a positive rebuke to everything unmanly and ignoble. Mr Knox resigned this pastorate to take effect January 1, 1860, and afterwards became pastor of the IJaptist church at Brunswick. When, in April, 1861, the President issued his call for 75,000 volunteers, Mr Knox offered his services to the governor, and was appointed chaplain of the First Kegiment, and when its term of service expired he was commissioned chaplain of the Tenth, shared the hardships of his comrades and endeared himself to all. At the close of this service he became })astor of the Baptist church of Lawrence, Mass. When the Twenty-ninth Regiment was organized Mr Knox was again commissioned chaplain. He resigned his pastor- ate, and October 18, 1864, joined the regiment in Virginia, and October 31 met with an accident, and survived only a few hours. His sudden death was deeply lamented by the officers and members of the regiment and the people of this community, where he had been so long and favorably known. His remains were brought to Lewiston for interment. Rev. Nathaniel Milton Wood, second pastor, son of Ephraim and Prudence (Myrick) Wood, was born in Camden, May 24, 1822. He was fitted for college in Camden, and was graduated from Waterville College in 1844, one of the best scholars of a very able class. He subsequently entered the Western Theolog- ical Institute, at Covington, Ky, where he remained till 1847, when he returned to Maine. In May, 1848, he was ordained pastor of the Baptist church in Bloom- field, now Skowhegan. Here he labored with marked success until January, 1852, when, at the earnest solicitation of the college faculty at Waterville, he commenced his pastorate at that place, which he resigned January, 1860. From January, 1860, to March, 1866, he was pastor of the First Baptist church in Lewiston, and from August, 1866, to May, 1868, at Tliomaston. He then accepted the charge of the Baptist church at Upper Alton, 111., which he held until March, 1872, when he was elected professor of Systennitic Theology in Slnirtleff College, a chair he had provisionally filled for tw(j years, and for which he was especially qualified. In June, 1874, he came East and located at South Boston, hoping by this change to regain his health, a hope never realized. While here he preached in several places in Massachusetts, until April, 1876, when waning strength compelled him to relinquish further effort. He died in Camden, August 2, 1876. Mr Wood's labors met with marked success; he was a close and accurate thinker, a keen and logical writer; his style was terse and epigrammatic, and his preaching was effective. Rev. George W. Holman, of Fort Edward, N. Y., was tlie third pastor, commencing his labors in Jul}^ 1866, and continuing until November, 1868. He was an earnest and successful preacher. Rev. E. M. Haynes succeeded Mr Holman; came from Palmer, Mass., and assumed the pastorate in April, 1869. His resignation took effect May 4, 1873. Rev. W. T. Chase became pastor in 1873, and closed his pastorate August 3, 1870, to accept that of the Baptist City of Lewiston. 369 church in Cainbridgeport, Mass. He was a very successful pastor, and was regarded with much affection by his people. Rev. George B. Ilsley, of Yar- mouth, was the next i)astor, commencing work November 2, 1879. Rev. William C. Barrows, the seventh pastor, came from Rockland. His pastorate closed September 1, 1885. Rev. C. C. Tille^^ came from Dover, and assumed the pastorate in March, 1886. His resignation took effect in March, 1891. The present [)astor. Rev. D. F. Wynuin, began his services in June, 1891. JSpiscojxd Church. — The parish of Trinity chnrcli was organized in June, 1854, by the efforts of Rev. George P. (Tiddinge, of Illinois (a native of Danville), then on a visit to Auburn. He held his lirst service in Union Hall, ^VubuiMi, June 11, 1854, and July 15 the parish was legally constituted and these parish officers elected : Byron W. Watson, senior warden ; S. W. Keeler, junior warden; George L. Drinkwater, Nathaniel I. Jackson, and George H, Merrill, vestrymen. W. B. Watson was chosen treasurer and -collector. Mr Giddinge ministered to the church until November 5, 1854, when he returned to Illinois. July 11, 185(>, Rev. Frederic Gardiner became rector, but resigned November 10, 1856. The public worship of the [)arish was removed to the Lewiston side of the river during Mr Gardiner's ministry, and was held for some time in Lisbon Small Hall. In August, 1857, Rev. John B. Southgate entered uj)on his duties as pastor, and resigned on account of ill health in June, LS5S. He was followed by Bev. D. C Ingraham. In 1859 the parish built their first house of worship, on the corner of Ash and Bark streets. This was consecrated to the worshi[) of God by Bishop Burgess, September 21, 1858. In April, i860, Bev. Nicholas Ludlam was elected rector; he resigned in June, 1862. Rev. W. H. Collins was em[)loyed for some time, and in February, 1864, was elected rector. Mr Collins resigned in April, 1866. Rev. W. M. Willian became pastor in A[)ril, 1867, and resigned in September, 1868. Mr Willian had officiated for some time before he became rector of the church. Rev. E. Folsom Baker was elected rector in May, 18(39, and resigned in 1870. Rev. Harry L. Yewens was the next pastor of the parish, and remained rector until November, 1875, when he resigned. Rev. Robert Wyllie commenced his labors as pastor soon after Mr Yewens's resignation, and having been ordained [)riest, entered u[)on his duties as rector, June, 1876, and resigned in May, 1877. Rev. W. H. Washburn became rectoi- in May, 1877, and continued as rector until April, 1890, when he resigned. In 1869 the Franklin Company gave a bond for a lot, on the corner of Bates and Spruce streets, to Trinity parish, agreeing to give the lot on condition that the parish erected thereon a church edifice within 10 years. In September, 1877, work was commenced on the church under the supervision of a com- mittee, consisting of Rev. W. H. Washburn, John Garner, John Straw, Samuel Booth, T. W. Kanada, and H. H. Dickey. The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies by Bishop Neely, June 21, 1879, and the church was 370 History of Androscoggin County. consecrated by him October 6, 1882. The sermon was delivered by Rev. Samnel Upjohn, pastor of St Mark's church, Augusta. The church is built of granite, the entrance to the audience room being from Bates street. The interior is finished in oak, and the whole building has the appearance of a substantial structure. The vestry is in the basement of the church, with the entrance from Spruce street. The building cost about '!!21,000. The parish also have a rectory on Horton street which was commenced in 1883. Rev. D. V. Gwilym, the present rector, came from Houlton, and assumed the pastorate of the parish in June, 1800. The church wardens for 1891 are John Garner and Edward Byron. The Pine Street Congreijational Church. — It was early in 1854 that the members of the Lewiston Falls Congregational church who resided in Lewiston began to agitate the question of the organization of a Congregational church in Lewiston. The importance as well as the necessity of a church on the "east side of the river" became more apparent and measures were instituted by the friends of the new society to perfect its organization. Accordingly a petition was directed to the church in Auburn, in which the petitioners express the opinion "that the time has arrived when we feel it our duty to ask a dismission from your church, that we may be formed into a church in Lewiston." The petition was signed by R. A. Budlong and 30 others and dated July 15, 1854. It was presented to the church at a "regular meeting," held July 18, and the petitioners were accordingly dismissed to form a new church on the "east side ofthe river." At this meeting the church voted to unite with the petitioners in calling an ecclesiastical council, to be held August 8, 1854, for the purpose of organizing a second Congregational church. The pastor. Rev. James Drummond, Deacon R. Bradford, Samuel Pickard, Esq., Jordan K. Piper, and Davis E. Verrill, two of the petitioners, were appointed a committee to make the necessary arrangements. The church was organized August 8, 1854, with 42 members, 34 of whom were members of the Lewiston Falls church, and eight by letter from churches in Maine and Massachusetts. Their- names were: Rhodes A. Budlong, Jordan K. Piper, Davis E. Verrill, Simeon H. Murray, Charles C. Burgess, George R. Smith, William F, Fitch, William. Hayes, William L. Fitch, Benjamin Murray, Josiah G. Coburn, Horatio G. Cilley, John W. Marston, Joseph R. Greenwood, Charles C. Niebuhr, Hannah Hayes, Lydia W. Prescott, Mrs John M. Frye, Sarah E. Frye, Mrs N. B. Nevens, Alura E. Lowell, Betsey Riggs, Sarah P. Verrill, Clarinda Murray, Mrs Charles C. Burgess, Charlotte Fitch, Ann M. Fitch, Mary H. Hayes, Harriet A. Hayes, Lucy S. Davis, Octavia D. Garcelon, Susan Marston, Sarah W. Greenwood, Mrs Charles C. Niebuhr, Mrs David M. Ayer, Eliza D. Lowell, Mrs L. Gushing, Miss E. Gushing, Maria Herrick, Mrs Edward P. Tobie, and Alice L. Field. The services at the organization were: Reading the scriptures and prayer by Rev. Thomas W. Lord, of West Auburn ; sermon by Rev. George E. City of Lewiston. 371 Adams, D.D., of Brunswick ; reading Articles of Faith and Covenant by Rev. Jolin W. Chickering, D.D., Portland; prayer by Kev. Elijah Jones, of Minot; right-hand of fellowship. Rev. James Drunimond, Auburn ; charge to the church, Rev. Asa Cummings, D.D., of Portland ; prayer and benediction. Rev. Charles Pickard. From the organization of the church until the completion of the chapel (in 1855), at the corner of Pine and Bates streets, the society worshiped in Jones's Hall. It was a plain and neat building and was occupied by the church and society until April, 180G, when it was removed to the rear of the present church edifice on Bates street, and was subsequently converted into a tenement block. While the new church was being built the society held their meetings in Central Hall, with the exception of a short time when they united with the Main Street Free Baptists. Their present church edifice is built after the Romanesque style of architecture, and is one of the finest in the state. It was erected in 186G-7, and dedicated May 22, 1867. The dedi- catory services were: Prayer by Rev. Aaron C. Adams, of Auburn; reading the scriptures by Rev. John A. Lowell, pastor of the Main Street Free Baptist church; sermon by Rev. Uriah Balkam, the pastor; and the prayer by Rev. John O. Fiske, D.D., of Bath. The church is a substantial brick structure with granite beltings and trimmings, and the interior is finished in oiled black walnut and chestnut, with softly-tinted walls and frescoed ceilings, which pro- duce a very fine effect. The basement is fitted up as a lecture-room with parlors and a library-room. It is located on the corner of Pine, which it fronts, and Bates streets, at the northeast corner of the Park, which it commands, and from which it presents a substantial and im[)osing appearance. It cost .f70,000 exclusive of the lot. The church did not settle a [)astor until January, 185(5, but sustained public worship more or less regularly, the desk being sup[)lied the most of the time by Rev. Isaac Weston, of Cumberland. Rev. Uriah Balkam, the first pastor, was born in Robbinston, March 27, 1812. He was graduated from Amherst College in 1837, and from the Bangor Theological Seminary in 1840. Soon after he supplied the C'ongregational church at Union, and was ordained its pastor June 15, 1841. Mr Balkam remained in Union until September 20, 1844, when he was dismissed. His next pastorate was at Wiscasset, where he was installed January 22, 1845: dismissed October 2(), 1854, He then commenced his labors as "stated supply" at Lewiston, and was installed as pastor, January 30, 185(1. The sermon on this occasion was by Rev. H. S. Carpenter, of Portland; prayer by Rev. Elijah Jones, of Minot; right-hand of fellowship by Rev. James Drummond of Auburn, and charge to the cliurch by Rev. George E. Adams, D.D., of Brunswick. Mr Balkam continued here for more than 14 years. His pastorate covered the more important events in the history of the church, having commenced his ministry during its infancy, and closing after it had received mature strength. Dr Balkam was appointed 372 History of Androscoggin County. chaplain of the Sixteenth Maine, December 18, 1863. He performed his duties with care and fidelity. He resigned October 8, 1864. In August, 1873, he was elected to the chair of Logic and Christian Evidences in Cobb Divinity School, Bates College, and while on his way to the college he was thrown from his horse and instantly killed, March 4, 1874. In 1867 Bates College conferred upon him the honorary degree of S.T.D. Dr Balkam was a person of command- ing presence ; as a preacher, scholarly, thoughtful, and singularly zealous ; as a pastor, faithful and instructive. Rev. Francis F. Ford, the second pastor, was born in East Haddam, Conn., November 25, 1828. He was a graduate of Hamilton College in the class of 1851, was at Union Seminary in 1853-4, and Princeton in 1856 ; and ordained by the Presbytery of Genessee in 1857. Mr Ford had filled several pastorates before he came to Lewiston. He was installed pastor June 22, 1871, and dis- missed Novembei- 25, 1872. He died at Kansas City, Mo., January 26, 1886. Rev. George S. Dickermaii, who had been pastor at West Haven, Conn., was installed pastor March 12, 1874, and resigned June 17, 1883. He was dismissed by a council convened July 20, 1883. Mr Dickerman accepted a call to the First church in Amlierst, Mass., where he was installed pastor September ID, 1883. Rev. George Milton Howe,' the present pastor, was born in Westminster, Mass., July 23, 1844. His parents were Daniel M. and Harriot Woodbury Howe. His father died when 37, and Mrs Howe subsequently married Mr Z. M. Larned, of Oxford, where the family resided a few years and moved to Charltcjn. Mr Howe's early education was acquired by utilizing his time after his farm work was acconq)lished. In the fall of 1863 he entered Nichols ^Vcademy, Dudley, Mass., and was graduated in 1867. He then became a student at Andierst College, graduating in the class of 1871, and was a graduate of Andover Theological Seminary in July, 1874. July 8, 1874, Mr Howe was ordained and installed pastor of the ('ongregational church in Princeton, Mass. Ten years prior. May, 1864, he united with the Congregational church of Oxford. Ivev. Mr Howe remained in Princeton over nine years, where he was an able and esteemed minister and pastor. He was scribe of tlie Worcester Central Conference for five years, several years one of the prudential com- mittee of the Worcester County Sabbath School Association, and for seven years one of the directors of the Worcester Musical Association. He resigned at Princeton to accept the call to Lewiston, where he was installed pastor, February 13, 1884, and during the seven 3^ears of his pastorate here the results of his work have been exceedingly satisfactory. The congregations have largely added to their number, and the financial prosperity of the church rests on a firm foundation, as at the close of each year it is free from debt; the benevolent offerings have increased tenfold; the church membership has been greatly augmented, additions on confession of faith being made every 1 By the Editor. City of Lewiston. 373 communion Sunday for nearly five years. The energy and earnestness of Rev. Mr Howe, his forceful sermons on practical Christianity inspire one and all to help forward the good works of righteousness of which he is such a spirited leader and teacher. His wife, Mrs Sarah M. (Kendall) Howe, an estimable Christian lady, takes an active interest in progress and reform. The Sabbath school of this church, established 34 years ago, is the second largest of the denomination in the state, and has. progressed wonderfully in the past seven years, its membership having increased from 125 to 550. Mr F. B. Sands has been its efficient superintendent for the past ten years, also church clerk for twenty years. Universalist jSociefi/. — In February, 1858, 15 persons, residents of Lew- iston, petitioned Jolm Smitli, Fsq., to issue a warrant to one of their numbei* directing him to notify a meeting of the subscribers for the purpose of organ- izing a religious society, to be known as the First Universalist Society of Lewiston. Judge Smith issued a warrant dated Feliruary 16, 1858, and the first legal meeting was held at the house of Mr (). H. Littlefield on Bates street, February 23, 1858. At this meeting, John Smith, Esq., was chosen clerk, and a committee consisting of Timothy Walker, John Smith, and George W. Farr were chosen to draft a constitution and by-laws. The by-laws were reported and accepted March 12. Subsequently, May 28, the society chose a committee, consisting of Samuel Haley, George W. Farr, and Timotliy Walker, to " pi'csent the society to the Maine Convention of Univorsalists for admission into the fellowship of that body." The society voted July (!, 1858, to instruct the assessors to engage the services of Rev. C. H. Webster for nine months. Mr Webster had been for some time pastor of tlie High Street Universalist church in Auburn, but at this time was not engaged in pastoral labors. He immediately assumed the pastorate of the new society, which he retained for about two years. Soon after Mr Webster's resignation the society became extinct. The society first held their meetings in Jones's Hall, but subsequently worshiped in Lisbon Hall. Bates Street Universalist Society. — This society was organized August 17, 18(J3, the meeting being held in the Municipal Court Room. Mr B. F. Furber was chosen moderator, and John Smith, clerk. On the 23d of August, a con- stitution and by-laws were adopted. At this meeting the clerk was instructed to correspond with Rev. Martin J. Steere for the purpose of securing his services as pastor. Mr Steere accepted the invitation to become pastor of the society and commenced his labors in A[)ril, 1864. The society held its serv- ices in Lisbon Hall, in what is now College Block, Lisbon street, until the completion of their house of worship. In December, 1863, the question of the erection of a house of worship was presented to the society, and measures instituted to secure the speedy erection of a commodious and convenient church edifice. A lot of sufficient size on the easterly side of Bates street, 374 History of Androscoggin County. between Ash and Pine, was procured in September, 1864, of the Franklin Company, and ground was broken in December of that year. Subsequently tlie lot was abandoned, and the lot on which their house of worship now stands was presented to the society by N. W. Farwell, Esq. The house was commenced in 1805 and finished in March, 1866. It is 55 x 75 feet, and the front is elaborately finished, the Tuscan order of architecture. The audience room is 55x61 feet, and contains 106 pews, with a seating capacity sufiicient to accommodate 500 persons. The church was dedicated March 15, 1866. The sermon was preached by the pastor, Rev. Martin J. Steere, and pi-ayer was made by liev. George Bates, of Auburn. In the evening Mr Steere was formally installed pastor and an appropriate sermon was delivered, by Kev. Mr Bolles, of Portland. The church is a wooden structure, substantially constructed and finely finished and furnished, and was built at a cost of $22,000. During the ministry of Mr Steere, July 2, 1865, a church was organized,, consisting of 15 members, viz.: John Smith, Ezekiel Martin, Daniel B. Jones, Roana D. Jones, I. W. Coburn, Abby Coburn, Moses H. Harris, Martin J. Steere, Harriet M. Steere, Hattie A. Steere, Henry Hamilton, Almira W. Hamilton, Jesse H. Field, and Mrs B. F. Furber. Mr Steere remained pastor of the church and society until October, 1869, when he closed his pastorate, greatly to the regret of his peo[)le, who had under his ministry enjoyed unusual prosperity. Mr Steere was succeeded in April, 1870, by Rev. J. H. Armies, of Ridgeway, N. H., who remained until May, 1871. He removed to Long Island. Rev. J. W. Ilines became pastor of the church in August, 1872. Rev. Almon Gage assumed the pastorate of the church in 1874. In 1876 Rev. C. P. Nash was called to the pastoral care of the society. Rev. W. G. Haskell became pastor in 1878. Rev. W. S. Perkins commenced his pastoral work in 1884. The present pastor. Rev. R. F. Johonnot, was called in 1889. Rev. Martin J. Steere, the first pastor of the church, was born at Smith- field, R. I., (3ctober 15, 1814. He commenced preaching in 1834, and subsequently was a student at Parsonsfield Seminary. So strongly was he imbued with the missionary spirit that he offered himself as a missionary to Orissa, India, but ill health compelled him to relinquish the design. He was prepared for college at Fruit Hill, R. I., but was compelled to abandon study on account of sickness. He was ordained and became pastor of the Free Baptist church in (lieorgiaville in 1837, and resigned in 1839. Mr Steere was pastor of the church at Apponaug for three years, at North Scituate three years, and at Greenville one year. He then became pastor of the Free Baptist church at Waterford, Mass. In 1851 Mr Steere refused the pastorate of a church in Boston, preferring to remain at Waterford. He delivered the oration at the laying of the corner-stone of the Maine State Seminary, now Bates College, June 26, 1856. A few years later Mr Steere announced a City of Lewiston. 375 change in his religions views, and embraced the doctrines of the Universalists. He was a man of marked ability, a gracefnl and brilliant speaker, and was held in high esteem. His pastorate in Lewiston was very snccessfiil and he endeared himself to his people, and his resignation was accepted with many regrets. Mr Steere became pastor of the Universalist church at Poland, November 30, 1873, and resigned May 19, 187G. He died in Connecticut in January, 1877. Fine Street Free Baptist Church. — The constituent members of this church, consisting of 52 persons, were dismissed from the Main Street Free Baptist church, and organized, January 3, 1869, by a council consisting of Rev. (). li. Cheney, D.D., Prof. B. F. Hayes, of Bates College, and Rev. John A. Lowell, pastor of the Main Street Free Baptist church. These persons constituted the church at its organization: Rev. J. S. Burgess, Mrs Laura A. Burgess, Rev. Gideon Perkins, Mrs Gideon Perkins, Roland E. Patterson, Mrs R. E. Patterson, D. B. Sanderson, Mrs D. B. Sanderson, S. E. Buker, Mrs S. E. Buker, Noah Litchfield, Benjamin P. Lowell, Mrs Benjamin P. Lowell, James R. Blaisdell, Mrs James R. Blaisdell, Caleb Gilbert, Mrs Caleb Gilbert, Henry N. Eastman, Mrs Henry N. Eastman, Ezekiel Wakefield, Mrs Ezekiel Wakefield, Thomas D. Thorne, James Wood, Edward Clark, Mrs Edward Clark, Lewis W. Pitman, Mrs Lewis W. Pitman, William Hersey, Henry A. Chanell, Mrs Henry A. Chanell, Mrs Drusilla Swift, Mrs Orinda Squirs, Miss Emma J. Caston, Mrs Carolina Phillips, Mrs Mary Whitternore, Mrs Araxsenie Rowell, Miss Lizzie Brackett, Mrs Laura Thorne, Mrs Julia French, Mrs Olive Tuiner, Mrs Laura J. Webster, Mrs Sarah C. Litchfield, Mrs Lucinda E. Lane, Mrs Mary L. Mitchell, Mrs Hulda Cole, Miss Eliza Bickford, Miss Lydia Small, Miss Sarah E. Sawyer, Miss Arvesta Towle, Miss Sarah Pettengill. They worshiped in Lisbon Hall until the completion of their liouse of worship in December, 18(39. This neat church edifice is located on Pine street, corner of Blake, and was dedicated December 9, 1869, by the pastor. Rev. J. S. Burgess, assisted by Rev. Gideon Perkins, a member of the church; Rev. W. H. Bowen, of the Main Street Free Baptist church; Rev. U. Balkam, of the Pine Street Congregational church; and Rev. E. M. Haynes, of the First Baptist church. Tiie house is a plain and substantial wooden structure, with a basement which is occupied as a vestry and lecture-room, and cost tlie society *14,000. The church was fortunate in securing the services of Rev. J. S. Burgess, so long the pastor of Main Street Free Baptist church. Mr Burgess commenced his labors October 1, 1869, and remained as pastor until Deceniber 31, 1875. Mr Burgess's pastorate was marked with his usual success, and his resignation caused deep regret. Rev. Richard L. Howard, the second pastor, was a native of New York, and had been pastor in Fairfort for three years. His pastorate commenced here in May, 1876, and closed in January, 1879. He was 376 History of Androscoggin County. succeeded by Rev. A. C. Hogben, in February, 1879, who resigned in February, 1880. Rev. John I>. Jordan, the fourth pastor, was born in Auburn, and was licensed to preach June 11, 1878. He commenced to supply this pulpit in February, 1880, and was ordained as pastor of the church May 22, 1882. His pastorate, which was a very successful one, closed September 1, 1883. Mr O. L. Gile, a student at the Cobb Divinity School, supplied the pulpit from Septem- ber, 1883, to September, 1885. Rev. William J. Twort, the fifth pastor, came from Canton, and commenced liis work as pastor in March, 1886, and closed his labors in September, 1889, to accept the pastorate of the P^ree Ba])tist church in Lynn, Mass. The present pastor. Rev. S. A. Blaisdell, came from Bath, and was publicly installed January 31, 1890. The services were by the clergymen of Lewiston arid Auburn, viz.: Prayer, by Rev. C. C. Tilley, of the First Baptist church; sermon, by Rev. Martyn Summerbell, D.D., of the Main Street Free Baptist church; installing prayer, by Rev. A. S. Ladd, of the High Street Methodist church. Auburn; right-hand of fellowship, by Prof. B. F. Hayes, D.D., of Bates College; charge to the pastor, by Rev. T. H. Stacy, Free P)aptist church, Auburn; charge to church, by Rev. F. S. Root, of the High Street Congregational chinch. Auburn; welcome to the city, by Rev. C M. Howe, of Pine Street Congregational church; welcome in behalf of church, by Prof. J. A. Howe, D.D., of Cobb Divinity School. The Hammond Street 3Ietho(ll! Catholic f Irish) Church. — The first Catholic service in Lewiston was held at the house of 1*. McGillicuddy, Esq., in June, 1850, by Ivev. Charles McCollion, of Portsmouth, N. H. Mr McGillicuddy 's house was on the old street leading from Main street down the river, and near where the Continental Mills are situated. The building had been a school-house, but was purchased May 1, 1850, by Mr McGillicuddy, and converted into a dwelling-house. Subsequently meetings were held by Father McCollion in the Bates dye-house, the Cowan Mill, as well as in several other places. Father McCollion continued to visit Lewiston at regular intervals, once in four weeks, until worship was established in the chapel formerly occupied by the First Baptist church, on Lincoln street. The Catholics bought the chapel of the Franklin Company. The chapel was provided with settees, but these were removed and the Catholics purchased tlie pews, 52 in number, in the Old South Baptist meeting- house, and had them set u[) in the chapel. It was during Father McCollion's ministry that Miss Augusta A. Davis, daughter of Deacon Stei)hen Davis, of this city, and a teacher in the high school, became interested in the moral and religious welfare of the Irish children, and established a Sabbath school for their instruction, which was held for the most of the time in the high school building. Miss Davis received the co-operation of Father McCollion and the leading Catholics, as well as many 378 History of Androscoggin County. of the Protestants of the place. Miss Davis married Rev. Joseph K. Greene, and for more than thirty years has been a missionary in Turkey, being located at Constantinople. Subsequently Kev. Peter McLaughlin, of Bath, held services here one-half of the time. He was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Kenney, whose time was equally divided between Lewiston and Biddeford. Rev. John Cullin was the first Catholic clergyman permanently located here, and remained about two years. He was succeeded by Rev. Daniel Wheelon, whose ministry occupied nearly six years. Rev. J. A. T. Durnin was the immediate successor of Father Wheelon, and remained 16 months. Rev. Michael Lucy came here in October, 1862. The church, St Joseph's, located on Main street, was built under the immediate direction of Father Lucy. The corner-stone was laid with appropriate ceremonies, June 13, 1864, Bishop Bacon, of Portland, officiating. The foundation was completed in the autumn of that year, and the building finished in 1867. The church cost •fr)r),000. Rev. Clement Mutsaers succeeded Father Lucy as pastor of the church. Rev. T. H. Wallace assumed charge of the church in August, 1876. During his ministry of 15 years he has done a marked work for St Joseph's church. It is now one of the strongest churches of the denomination in the state. Besides his ordinary church work he has superintended the building of the new church, St Patrick's, on Bates street, facing the park. It was com- menced in the spring of 1887, and the outside completed that year, and is now ready for occupancy. It is one of the finest church edifices in the state, all of its appointments being in the best and most approved style. It lias magnificent windows of stained glass, and the altars are of superior design and workman- ship. Connected with the church is the chapel, having an entrance from Walnut street, capable of seating 500 persons. The main building is about 180x65 feet, with a seating capacity for 1,000 persons. The whole cost of the church is not far from $78,000. The lot, which is one of the most desirable in the city, cost 125,000. St Peters Qatholic (French) Church. — The first service held by the French Catholics was at the chapel (Irish) on Lincoln street, on July 2, 1870, by Rev. Edward Leternearn, who remained until October, 1871. He was succeeded by Rev. Peter Hevey, who held his first service October 11, 1871. October 22, Father Hevey addressed his congregation on the importance of the erection of a house of worship, to which the society res[)onded with marked enthusiasm. A lot was first purchased on Bates, corner of Ash street, but was soon abandoned, and the lot on Bartlett street secured instead. The corner-stone of the new church edifice was laid July 7, 1872, in the presence of Bishop Bacon, The church was dedicated May 14, 1873, Bishop Bacon conducting the services. The building is of the Gothic style of architecture, and is built of brick with granite trimmings. It will seat 1,500 persons and cost 't75,000. City of Lewiston. 379 Father Hevey was succeeded by Rev. A. Mothon, the present pastor. Tlie assistant pastors are Reverends B. Charmont, T. H. Morard, A. Maricourt, P. Duchaussoy, and R. Grolleaii. Schools. — Previous to 1795 tlie schools were undoubtedly conducted by private contributions. Tradition furnishes all the information we liave of the schools. Daniel Davis, who came in 1777, taught for several winters in his house, and his brother Amos, who came earlier, was probably employed in teaching. Amos Davis built, it is said, a small house for Mrs Poor, his relative, near the residence of Daniel B. Jones on Sabatis street, probably as early as 1780, in which she taught school for a number of years. Dan Read, Esq., who came in 1788, was a school-teacher for several years. Noah Litchfield, who came in 1792, was employed in teaching. In the north part of the town John Chandler also taught, a part of the time, for nearly 10 years. In 1791 Mr David Gross taught in James Garcelon's house at " Garcelon's Ferry," and Mrs Thomas Mitchell taught in the west end of the Mitchell log house about 1793. Mr Mitchell lived on the farm formerly owned and occupied by Colonel William Garcelon, and now owned by Captain Silas B. Osgood. Benning Wentworth taught in Mr Mitchell's house in 1799 and 1800 ; and Dr Barrett also taught in a small room in one end of James Ames's black- smith shop. Nearly all were private schools, supported by voluntary con- tributions, and were maintained for a long time after 1795. At the first town meeting, held April, 1795, it was voted to raise X60 for schools. May 6th, "voted to accept the districts as the Select men have Laid them out for school- ing." It was also " voted the Maj'r Part of Each District Should have power to Lay their money out as they See proper Either in Schools or building a house for that Purpose." The town was divided into six "Classes" or "Dis- tricts," and a "Collector" or "head" chosen for each. First Class. — Nathan Cutler was elected collector, comprising the northern part of the town. Second Class.— Abner Harris was collector, embracing what is now the city proper. Third Class. — Joel Thompson was collector, now known as Rose Hill district. Fourth Class. — Ezra Randall was elected collector, the Thorne district. Fifth Class. — Isaac Cotton, now the Clough district. Sixth Class. — William Garce- lon was elected collector, at Garcelon's Ferry. By authority granted by the town, district No. 3 built a school-house in 1795, on the farm of Deacon Josiah Mitchell, opposite the house of Deacon Stephen Davis, the first in town. It served not only for a school-house, but for a town-house, and meeting-house for the Baptist church for nearly a quarter of a century. After several changes in the boundaries of the district, it was removed to Rose Hill, where it remained until the present school-house was erected in 1850. Subsequently it was sold to Horace B. Bartlett and removed to Orange street. It was torn down a few years since. The annual town meeting for 1796 was held in this house, and these appropriations made for 380 History of Androscoggin County. building new school-houses: First class, Nathan Cutler, head, $166.67; second class, Noah Litchfield, head, $100; third class, Robert Anderson, head, $188.33; fourth class, Samuel Thorne, head, $50; fifth class, Isaac Cotton, head, $40; sixth class, Ezra Purinton, head, $100; seventh class, Ezra Randall, head, $66.66. The town also raised $100 for the support of schools. In 1797 $100 was raised for schools, and the usual school officers — "Heads" — elected. District No. 7 was probably discontinued. The first district was authorized to expend their school mone}'^ in completing the school-house which they commenced the previous year. District No. 2 commenced a school-house in 1797, but the town, April 1, 1797, refused to raise money towards its comple- tion; but in 1801 the district voted to build, selected a site, and chose a building committee. In March, 1802, the building committee decided to build "brick and mortar," but for some cause the enterprise failed, and the school-house was not built until 1804, and then of wood. This was the fifth in town, school-houses having been built in No. 4 in 1802, and in No. S in 1803. About 1802 Richard D. Harris came and commenced teaching. Mr Harris was a very energetic as well as a very enthusiastic teacher, and infused new life and vigor into our schools, but it did not assume a permanent form, for they lapsed into their former methods. Year after year the town voted money for schools, gradually increasing the sum, but not in proportion to the increase of population, until 1831, when $700 was voted. Previously the interest in education had somewhat advanced and private schools were opened in several [)arts of the town, under the direction of competent instructors. Hew. Benjamin Thorne, William Bond, and Aaron I). Thorne taught with unusual success and acquired more than an ordinary re[)utation as instructors of youth. During the decade previous to 1850 little progress was made in our schools. No one was especially interested in placing before the people the importance of appropriating more money for their support, or furnishing better accom- modations. The school-houses, Jis a rule, were poor, and constructed by persons having meagre knowledge of proper school buildings, and who knew as little how they ought to be furnished. In 1847 Rev. George Knox located here, and soon after commenced teaching private schools. He had progressive views of school work and soon won the confidence of the community, as well as the town, as a prudent and wise educator. He was soon placed on the school committee and afterwards elected supervisor, and could usually carry any a})proj)iiation he asked for. Under his supervision there was an advance not only in the village, but throughout the rural portions of the town. In 1841 district No. 2, the village district, was divided, and that portion lying next the river was constituted a district by itself, and called No. 16 ; but in 1850 this district was united with No. 2. During the summer of 1850 a two-story school-house was built in the village district, and a high school established under the direction of George W. City of Lewiston. 381 Jewett, a teacher of much experience and rare ability. Mr Jevvett remained about two years. From tliis date the schools in the village assumed new life, and their progress has been constant. They are now justly recognized as among the best in the state. In 18(30 this district was authorized by act of the legislature, a})proved March 6, to choose three directors, who were invested with all the authority of school agents, and school committee, or supervisor. They were to determine the number of grades of schools and the number of schools in each grade, to classify the scholars, and to expend the money a[)portioned by the town to the district for the sup[)ort of schools. The inhabitants were authorized to adopt by-laws and regulations, not contrary to the constitution and laws of the state for the regulation of the schools. This was the first substantial movement for a system of graded schools. The two small schools in 1850 have become 21 ])rimaries, 8 intermediates, with a two years' course, a grammar school of ten classes with a four years' course, a high school having a four years' course with tliree courses of study, viz., an English, English classical, and college preparatory. Many of the school-houses are models in design, in architectural beauty and finish, as well as the character and style of the furniture. V>y a special act of the legislature in 1864, the district system was abolished and the town system ado[)ted. For more than a (quarter of a century this method has been tried with marked success. The great advantage which has grown out of this system is especially recognized in the rural schools of the city. These schools, whether large or small, have the same number of terms and generally the same number of weeks, are provided with better teachers, have an improved course (jf study, and many of the scholars have been ])repared for and have entered the high school and have graduated with credit to themselves as well as the school. All scholars of the city are admitted free who have the necessary qualifications. In 1872 tlie school board were authorized to su[)ply each pupil with text- books and school appliances free. Since that time our schools have been free indeed. Everything needed in the school-room, from the sub-primary to the high school, is furnished by the city and paid for with the money appropriated for this purpose. Besides the schools already mentioned, there has been in successful operation the .most of the time for 20 years a Normal Training School, where young ladies, mostly graduates of the high school, have had the advantages, under the direction of a skillful and experienced teacher, of training in the best methods of instruction and in school economy. Unques- tionably, this school has had much to do with the present high standard of the Lewiston schools. Every teacher enters the school-room with a commendable knowledge of the best methods of instruction recognized by the best educators in the country. Nor are they novices in teaching, for they have had a year's experience, and some of them more, under the instruction of a competent teacher, for this school unites the theory as well as the practice of teaching. 382 History of Androscoggin County. The school board consists of 14 members, two from each ward in the city, one of whom is elected at the annual meeting in March for the term of two years. By this method at least one-half of the board has had an experience of one year in the management of the schools. In 1871 the school board elected a superintendent of schools, and since that time the office has been maintained. Mr G. A. Stuart is the present superintendent. CHAPTER XVin. Saw and Grist Mills — Lewiston Falls Water-Power Co. — R. C. Pingree & Co. — Read, Small & Co. — Barker's Mills — Other Mills — Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Co. — The First Cotton Mill — Lewiston Water-Power Co. — Franklin Co. — Liucoln Mill — Bates Manufacturing Co. — Hill Manufacturing Co. — Androscoggin Mill —Continental Mills — The Lewiston Mill — Avon Mill — Lewiston Bleachery — Cowan Woolen Co. — Cumherland Mill — Union Water-Power Co. — Lewiston Machine Co. — Gay-Woodman Co. — Jordan, Frost & Co. — Lewiston Bobbin Shop— H. H. Dickey & Sou — Lewiston Monumental Works — Other Manufactures. SAW AND Grist Mills. — The saw-mill erected by Lawrence J. Harris in 1770-71, on the river nearly where the Cowan Mill stands, was burned about 1785, soon after the death of Mr Harris. It is supposed the mills — saw and grist-mill — remained under his control during his life-time ; but they soon passed into the hands of Little and the heirs of Bagley. The mill was simple. There was no dam across the river, or canal, but the water was conveyed into a small pond by a small flume which extended into the river and rested on the ledge near the summit of the falls. A dam was built across the valley, just above the mill, which reached the hill on the eastern side, touching a spur of ledge on the river bank that formed part of the western portion of the dam. Several years after the erection of the saw-mill, Mr Harris built a grist-mill, taking the power from the same pond, but it was so near the river that after standing a few years it was undermined, and became a total loss. Soon after the destruction of the mill in 1785, it was rebuilt by the pro- prietors, but, like its predecessor, it was burned. In 1808-9 the first dam across the river here was built, and a canal made. The dam was built of timber, rudely constructed, and did not occupy the same position of those built later. On this canal, and on ground now covered by the northerly wing of the Lincoln Mill, Mr Little built, in 1801), a large wooden building, and had City of Lewiston. 383 under one roof, saw, grist, and fulling mills. There was also a carding machine. In the spring of 1814 this mill was consuu)ed by fire, a total loss to Mr Little and a great misfortune to the people. These mills were undoubt- edly burned by the torch of tlic incendiary. Mr Little was much grieved by these manifestations of enmity. There was unquestionably much feeling in the community against Mr Little, but the sentiment was almost universal and pronounced against this wanton destruction of property. In a letter to Mr Amos Davis, written in March, 1815, Mr Little writes: My son, Michael, writes that the people of Lewiston and Minot are desirous to have a grist-mill and saw-mill built this season on the falls, and that the people would get in the timber that will be suitable for them, provided I would consent to put them up this season. If the people think the mills will be safe from the base incendiary, who has no more regard for one man than another, I will, with the assistance of the people, make one more trial to rebuild them. But I should like to have the timber cut on the old of the moon, that if it should be preserved from fire it might be more durable. A new mill much better than the one destroyed was built that season, which remained until about 1850, when it gave place to valuable improvements. Tlte Lewiston Falls Water-Power Companij^ in 1851, built a large saw-mill on the site now occupied by the pumping station of the Lewiston water works. It was a commodious building, furnished with the best of machinery for nninufacturing lumber, cost 157,000, and was leased to Captain Daniel Holland for five years. This mill was also destroyed by fire, on the evening of August 28, 1852. Besides that part of the building occupied by Captain Holland, the basement was used by Cliarles Dean for planing lumber, having two pianino- machines; the chamber by Cyrus Parsons, who had one planing machine, and the attic by Wedgewood & Prescott, carpenters. There were 28 persons employed in the building. The Water-Power Company immediately rebuilt the mill, which, in March, 1856, was leased to Samuel 11. Bearce & Co., and used by them until the property was sold to the city. R. C. Pimjree ^ (Jo. — In 1805 S. R. Bearce & Co. built a large steam mill, (50x114 feet, costing nearly ^60,000, on the river about a fourth of a mile above the Maine Central station, where they commenced the manufacture of lumber in 1866. It is one of the best mills in the state, has gang, circular, shingle, clapboard, and lath saws, and planing machines. The power is a 250 horse-power engine. The annual })roduction is about 13,250,000 feet of lono- lumber, 6,000,000 shingles, 850,000 laths, and 600,000 clapboards, valued at #250,000, and employs 100 men. Since the death of Mr Bearce the business has been carried on by R. C. Pingree & Co. Mr Pingree has been identified with the management of the mill ever since it was put in operation. Read., Small ^ Co. — A steam-mill, which cost $7,500, was built at Barker's Mills, in 1847, by Read, Small & Co. It had one shingle saw, one shingle and one lath machine. The mill was burned September 10, 1852, and rebuilt the 384 History of Androscoggin County. same year. In October, 1859, it was purchased by James Wood & Co., and removed to the "Falls," about one-half mile above the Maine Central station. The company purchased about 14 acres of land on the river for a mill-yard and other purposes. In 1860 the company was incor[)orated as the Lewiston Steam-Mill C(nnpany, with a capital of -150,000, which, in 1867, was increased to $100,000. The corporators were Stephen H. Read, James Wood, John N. Wood, and John N. Small. The company bought 35,000 acres of timber land, mostly s})ruce, on the Androscoggin and its tributaries, employed 60 men, disbursed about $3,500 per month, and manufactured annually 4,700,000 long lumber, 2,400,000 laths, 1,900,000 shingles, and 195,000 clapboards, valued at $100,000. The com})any suspended operations in Se[)tember, 1887, and in October, 1888, the mill and adjoining land was sold to R. C. Pingree & (^o. for fl8,000. July 5, 1889, the mill was destroyed by fire. James Wood, Esq., was agent of the company from the commencement. B(irkrr\s M'dJs. — About 1775, Jacob Rarker built a grist-mill on the stream which takes its rise in Mine Meadow, Greene, and Hows into the Androscoggin two miles above the falls. For some years after the destruction of the Harris grist-mill this was the only one in the plantation. A few years later Mr Rarker built a saw-mill on the same stream, where he did considerable business in manufacturing lumber. These mills were rebuilt once or twice by his son, Cyrus liarker, and once in 1834 by his grandson. Nelson P. Barker. About 1870 they passed into the hands of Dwelley & Moore, who did an extensive business in the manufacture of meal and lumber. The mills have passed through several hands since 1865, and are now owned by Messrs Libby & Dingley. For more than a year they have not been in o})ei'ation. Not far from 1800 a saw-mill was built on the rips ()i)posite Roxer's Island, by William Blaisdell and Thomas Je[)Son, which was burned abcnit 1812. A saw-mill was early built on Stetson brook, by James Randall, which was removed to Auburn. A shingle mill, erected by Jamison and (liven, below the saw-mill, was standing in 1847. About 1800 Colonel Joel Thompson, Captain Isaac Cotton, and Captain Joseph Dill built a saw-mill at the outlet of No Name pond, where they manufactured considerable ship timber. Edward Estes had a saw-mill on the brook below the Stephen Hart place. It was built about 1820. The remains of a stone dam are now visible. Manufactures. — Lewiston Falls Manufacturing/ Compant/. — Some years previous to 1819 there was on the site of the new mill recently owned and operated by the Home Manufacturing Company, a small carding and fulling mill, owned, it is probable, by Mr Michael Little. The discovery of two or more leases given by Michael Little to different parties to operate these mills seems conclusive. Hitherto Colonel Josiah Little, father of Michael, has been regarded as the owner. Michael Little came here quite early, and resided in Lewiston and Minot for many years. He died in Minot, April 2, 1830. Mr City of Lewiston. 385 Little graduated from Dartmouth College in the class of 1792. We are unable to fix the date when this mill was built, and it does not appear to have been very successful. It was in 1S19 that the services of Mr Dean Frye, father of Colonel John M. Frye, were obtained. Mr Frye came from Brunswick. He had had large experience in carding wool and finishing cloth. Under his management the business readily assumed an importance which it had never experienced. The mill was burned in 1829, but in 1880 anew mill, 38 x GO feet, and three stories high, was completed. The basement was occupied as a clothier's fulling mill, and the second story for carding rolls and finishing doth. It was under the management of Mr Dean Frye and his son, John M. Frye, whose previous experience and skill in business soon gave character and influence to the enterprise. Successful in these operations to an extent unusual for those days, the Messrs Frye were induced to make the experiment of manufacturing satinet. This new effort required more capital, as well as a broader basis of action, and to secure these a legislative charter for the Lewiston Falls Manufacturing Company (.flOO,000 capital) was obtained February 2(3, 1834. This was the first charter granted for manufacturing purposes in Lewiston. The corporators were John M. Frye and William 11. Frye. The organization was completed at once, the directors being Edward Little, Samuel Pickard, John A. Briggs, William R. Frye, and John M. Frye. The first meeting of the directors was held June 12, 1834, when Edward Little was elected president, Samuel Pickard, treasurer, and William II. Frye, clerk. June 30, 1834, John M. Frye was elected agent, with a salary of .f300 per annum, with the promise that if the business was successful -tSO should be added. The com])any immediately bought the falling mill and water privilege, with sufficient land for the new enterprise, of the Littles. The fulling mill was converted into a satinet mill, with two sets of machinery. These were the first looms "started up " in Lewiston. The success which attended this mill induced the company to enlarge their business, and, in I83r>, the brick mill called the cassimere mill was built, taking the name from the goods manu- I'actured. Hardly was the mill com[)leted before the s[)ring freshet of 1837 undermined the mill on the river side, causing the whole wall to fall into the river. This misfortune, followed by the financial embarrassments of that year, were peculiarly disheartening. But, although young, without experience, and comparatively unknown in the market, yet the quality and texture of their goods secured the favorable notice of purchasers, commanded good prices, and brought early sales. For more than forty years these mills enjoyed unexampled prosperity. They were very prudently and wisely managed and their goods were readily sold. Much of the prosperity was due to the judgment and sound business ability of the agent. Colonel John M. Frye, and Samuel Pickard, Esq., who for many years was the treasurer. Colonel Frye remained agent until age and infirmities compelled him to retire. There were manufactured 386 History of Androscoggin County. repellents, meltons, and cassiuieres to the amount of 230,000 yards per annum. There were six sets of machinery, which required 90 operatives, about one-half females. The monthly disbursements were '|52,000, and the annual consump- tion of wool 250,000 pounds, about one-half purchased in Maine. For several years after the retirement of Colonel Frye the mills were in operation but a part of the time, but in November, 1881, they were sold to D. Cowan & Co., and in January, 1882, passed into the control of the Home Manufacturing Company, a local corporation having a capital of -^100,000. The company run six sets of cards, 20 looms, manufactured 2,000 yards of flannels daily, and employed 50 operatives. The daily consumption of wool was 1,000 pounds, and the monthly pay-roll, |il,800. Recently the company closed operations and the plant has been sold to tlie Gay-Woodman Company. The First Cotton Mill. — About 1830 Mr John A. Briggs put up a wooden building on the site of the Cowan woolen mill. The rear of the building was three stories high, and the basement was occupied by a Mr Johnson, a machinist who did a small business. The second story was occupied by Colonel Temple Tebbets, a cabinet maker who did wood-turning, confining his business mostly to cabinet work. Mr Tebbets was a native of Lisbon and came here about 1831-2. The upper story was occupied by Ephraim Wood for manufacturing cotton warps and batting. He was the pioneer in this place in the manufacture of cotton. He finally removed to Winthrop. Joseph B. Harding, of Gorham, became proprietor after Mr Wood. This was in 1840-41. He continued the manufacture of batting and cotton warps, and about 1844 made additions to the mill, putting in three looms for weaving cotton cloths. Mr Harding made the first cotton goods in Lewiston, and continued their manufacture for several years with considerable success. After Mr Harding sold out he removed to Yarmouth. The "old mill" was partially destroyed by fire March 17, 1850, and the remainder was removed by the Water-Power Company in April, to make room for the flour and grist-mill. ¥ov several years it liad been owned by the Water-Power Company and operated to some extent by them. LewiHton Water-Poioer Company. — The predecessor of this company, the Great Androscoggin Falls, Dam, Locks, and Canal Company, was incorporated February 23, 1836, with a capital of 8100,000, the charter being granted to Edward Little, Josiah Little, of Newbury, Thomas B. Little, Josiah Little, of Minot, Samuel Pickard, and Edward T. Little, their associates, etc., "for the purpose of erecting and constructing dams, locks, canals, mills, works, machines, and buildings on their own lands, and also manufacturing cotton, wool, iron, steel, and paper in the towns of Lewiston, Minot, and Danville." The corpo- rators owned the water-power and a large amount of land on both sides of the river in the immediate vicinity of the falls. In 1837 the company procured the services of Mr B. F. Perham, of Boston, a civil engineer, who made a survey and a plan, showing the survey and levels as well as profiles of different City of Lewiston. 387 sections of the territory. This phm the company published. Desiring, a few years later, to establish cotton and woolen manufacturing to an extent hitherto unknown at the "Falls," the corporation, in 1845, secured a change of name to the Lewiston Water-Power Company, which was formally inserted in the charter by a vote of the company, November 19, 1845. Certificates of stock under the new name were issued to the share-holders, who soon sold them to parties in Boston. The Water-Power Company, from 184() to 1860, purchased several valuable lots of land on both sides of the river. In the spring of 1850 work was commenced on the canal. The first section, as far as the Bates Mills, was completed in May, 1851. The canal is 02 feet wide, 14 feet deep, and the extensions made since 1851 have made it about three- fourths of a mile in length. There are several short, or cross canals, connecting the main canal with the river. The locks at the head of the canal are a fine piece of masonry, built of granite laid in cement, and contain 18 large gates, and two fly-gates whose capacity is equal to six of the other gates. The capital of the company was increased, June 18, 1849, "-f 1,500, 000, to be divided into shares of -flOO each." From the commencement of opera- tions in 1850, and for several years afterwards, the company continued to improve and utilize the great water-power, and did much to develop the growth and prosperity of the town. Much of its land was put into the market, new streets were laid out and graded, and Lewiston assumed an air of activity and genuine thrift. FranJdin Company. — This company was incorporated April 3, 1854, with a capital of 11,000,000, but was not organized until November 25, 1856. It pur- chased the property of the Water-Power Company, assumed control in April following, and still controls a large portion of the original purchase. The spring freshet of 1862 carried away a section of the dam adjoining the eastern shore, which was replaced by a substantial granite dam during that year. In 1863 and 1864 the remaining portions of the dam were built, the whole costing about $100,000. This is one of the most substantial granite dams in the country. The company owns the land near the falls on both sides of the river, and several hundred acres in and around the thickly settled portions of Lewiston and Auburn. It owns the Lincoln Mill, the Cowan Mill building, the DeWitt House, about one-fourth of the Bleachery, and many shops and buildings. The agents of the Lewiston Water-Power Company and the Franklin Company have been Mr Luke Bemis, Mr George L. Ward (who came about 1850), Benjamin I. Leeds, who remained until 1860, wlien Amos D. Lockwood, Esq., assumed the agency, which he retained about 11 years. Mr N. W. Farwell became agent in 1871, and resigned in February, 1873. From Mr Farwell's resignation the company had no local agent (the business being done generally by the clerk) until the appointment of the present agent, Mr Stephen Lee. 388 History of Androscoggin County. Lincoln Mill. — The success which attended the manufacture of cotton cloths in the " Old Cotton Mill," induced a number of the most enterprising citizens of Lewiston to apply to the legislature for a charter to enable them to enter upon the business of making cotton cloths to an extent not before attempted. The charter to the Lewiston Falls Cotton Mill Company, with a capital of #100,000, was granted March 1, 1845, the corporators being Calvin Gorham, James Lowell, Elisha Stetson, Daniel Cary, Daniel Briggs, John M. Frye, Nelson B. Reynolds, Howe Weeks, Stephen Davis, Edward Little, and Alonzo Garcelon. The proprietors soon commenced the construction of the mill, Captain Daniel Holland, contractor. There was a large excavation to be made in the ledge where the eastern extremity of the mill was to rest, that consumed considerable time. The foundation was completed and the brick work commenced September 1, 1815. Before the mill was completed it was bought (March 5, 1846,) by the Water-Power Company. It was finished during the summer, and the first loom "started up" October 5, 1846. Mr Zeba Bliss was superintendent of the mill for several years. The building was 46x102 feet in size, and five stories high. This enterprise was very successful. The goods made were plain slieetings of a standard quality, and found a ready market. In 18(57 and 1868 additions were made, increasing its capacity several fold. The Franklin Company concluded to make an addition to the Hill machine shop, connect it with the Lincoln Mill, and convert it into a cotton factory. Besides this the mill received an addition of 53 feet on the eastern end. These extensions and additions increased its capacity from 5,472 to 21,747 spindles. The Lincoln Mill, as it now stands, is 56x182 feet, and five stories high. With its present machinery it is capable of annually producing 3,000,000 yards of forty-inch sheetings, and consuming 1,040,000 pounds of cotton. It requires 124 males and 280 females when in full operation. The mill has not run since July, 1884. Batefi Mainifacturinfi Cornpany. — Bates, No. 1, was the first cotton factory erected after the Water-Power Company commenced the development of the manufacturing interests. This company was incorporated in 1850. The cor- porators were Alexander DeWitt, Thomas B. Little, Jacob W. Pierce, Thomas I. Hill, Silas Titcomb, and George L. Ward. Immediately after incorporation the company commenced the construction of this mill, which was completed and put in operation in 1852. As originally built it was 60 x 280 feet, and four stories high. It is situated on the west side of the main canal, less than one-fourth of a mile south of Main street. Soon after it was in operation the company com- menced a second mill situated only a few rods south of No. 1. No. 2 " was started " in 1854, and was the same size of No. 1 (60 x 280), and four stories high. In 1863 the company began its third (woolen) mill, which commenced manu- facturing in 1865. No. 3 is 50 x 170 feet in size and three stories high. When operated as a woolen mill it manufactured Moscow beavers, repellents, fancy City of Lewiston. 389 cassirneres and slasher cloths, making 118,925 yards per annum. It had 8 sets of machinery, 30 broad looms, and required 125 operatives, 50 of whom were females. More tlian 350,000 pounds of wool were consumed yearly. July 10, 1878, the woolen mill was damaged by fire, and in October it was changed to a cotton mill. In 1882 there were large additions made to No. 1 and two other mills by putting on another story to each, extending No. 1 to the cross canal, and adding about 30 feet to the southerly end of No. 2. These mills have been run with more than ordinary success, under the direction of Messrs D. M. Ayer, C. I. Barker, and H. L. Pratt, who have successively been agents. The number of spindles is 58,392. There are 1,333 narrow and 202 broad looms. There are 1,865 operatives employed; 1,039 are females. There are annually consumed 5,230,132 pounds of cotton, and the value of dyes used is more than 163,000. The liates manufactures fancy goods, Marseilles, crochet, and com- mon quilts, dress goods, ginghams, etc., etc., amounting to 15,032,077 yards per annum. The pa^^-roll for two weeks is -^23,1 25. Resides the mills there is a large dye-house, cloth-hall, two pickers, two cotton houses, and a repair shop. Its capital is !|1,000,000. Hill 31$25,000. IT. H. Dickey .f So-ii (William Dickey) manufacture belts, rolls, etc., on the canal, near Main street, and employ 10 men. (See page 236.) Letviston 3Ionumental Works, 12 Bates street, Jolm P. Murphy, manager, employs over 100 men, and does an extensive business in manufacturing monuments, mural tablets, etc. J. J. McKenna employs six men in marble and granite working, at 182 Main street. J. J. O'Connell, in same business, employs six hands at 137 Main street. Carman (^ Thompson, 48 Main street, employ nearly 50 men in making and fitting steam-heating apparatus, engines, etc. FuKNiTURE, ETC. — Bradford, Conant ^- Co., 199-201 Lisbon street, manu- facturers and wholesale and retail dealers, continue the business established by Pinkham & Bradford in 1835. This firm later became Bradford & Conant, and in 1803 Bradford, Conant & Co. (J. C. Bradford, Granville Blake, Mrs L. W. Conant). The factory is at East Auburn. L. L. Blake i^ Co., 155 Lisbon street, manufacturers and dealers in furniture, etc., began business in 1856, the firm then being A. K. P. & L. L. Blake. Since 1864 the latter has conducted trade alone. Daniel Allen jf Co., 225 Lisbon street, manufacturers and dealers in furniture, have been in trade for 20 yeais, first as Carter, Allen & Maxwell, and since 1878 with present name. Contractors and Brick Makers. — The skill of the contractors and builders of Lewiston has been often commented upon, and the elegant houses s[)ringing up under their hands in every part of the two cities bear witness to this and to their business capacity. Among those in stone work prominently stands the Bearce Jj' Clifford Constructio^t Co., 242 Main street, who at times employ 100 men, and in their trucking department from 20 to 30 men and 60 to 70 horses. Others in this line are: George W. Lane & Co., 90 Pierce 394 History of Androscoggin County. street; B. M. Dixon, 35 Sabatis street; S. D. Thomas, Sabatis street; W. A. Libby, 26 Pine street. Among those in wood-work are: Hodgkins, Foss & Co. (also sash, doors, and bHnds), 7 Main street; J. E. Cloutier, 217 Bhike street; G. E. Lown & Sons, 268 Main street; Wood & Crockett, 266 Main street. Several are extensively engaged in brick-making. J. H. Pettengill & Son have a yard on Upper Main street near Jepson brook. They are descendants of two pioneer families — Pettengill and Harris. Horace Libby and Levi S. Ware also have yards near Jepson brook. The Burnt Woods District has furnished many bricks, and the Franklin Company have extensive operations there. Other Industries. — Adams Jf Johnson employ 10 men in manufacturing doors, sash, etc. ; D. B. Stevens has 10 men in the same business. Both are on the cross canal. Gihbs . Bartlett, and Isaac C. Downes were appointed to superintend the construction. The plans and specifications presented by Mr Meacham, of Boston, were accepted. The mason work was awarded to Mr J. P. Norton, of this city, and the carpenter work was done by the day under the direction of ex-Mayor William H. Stevens. The corner-stone was laid by the mayor, Alonzo Garcelon, July 4, 1871, who delivered a very interesting historical sketch of Lewiston. The building was completed in December, 1872, and City of Lewiston. 399 dedicated with imposing ceremonies, December 5, Dr Alonzo Garcelon reading a very interesting sketch of the town and city. It was built of brick with granite trimmings and decorations, and was generally of Gothic architecture, with an immense mansard roof, 32 feet high, which was broken into almost every variety of shape by gables and Gothic devices. The windows of the mansard were luthern, faced with turned columns with beautiful capitals that blended harmoniously with the surround- ing decorations. The building extended 165 feet on Park street, with a frontage of 180 feet on Pine street, covering the whole distance between Park and Lisbon streets, and 40 feet on Lisbon street. From the sidewalk the walls rose 106 feet to the cornice. The mansard roof crowned the whole, vvith the exception of about 50 feet which fronted on Lisbon street. The corner of Pine and Park streets possessed one of the chief architectural ornaments of the building. A tower projecting eight feet from the main wall on the Pine street side contained one of the main entrances and the great staircase which extended from the ground floor to the roof. This tower was surmounted by a turret belfry. The spire rose 206 feet from the sidewalk, ending in a finial, bearing an immense vane. The interior, in point of design and beauty, was on a scale commensurate with the exterior. It contained 80 rooms. The basement contained the police quarters, city prison, boiler-rooms, etc., and the first story the municipal court room, aldermen's and councilmen's rooms, library rooms, and rooms for the city officers; in the second story, whose plane was 31 feet above the sidewalk, was the city hall, anterooms, cloak rooms, etc. The hall was of beauty and magnificence, then unequaled by any in New England. It was 80x165 feet, surrounded by over 400 feet of corridors, with galleries on all sides. The ceiling was 37 feet in the clear, and was beautifully frescoed. The hall would seat 2,272 people. The size of the building, which cost over $200,000, is shown by these statistics: There were two acres of flooring and 80 rooms in it. 20,000 yards of plastering, 1,400,000 feet of lumber, 3,000,000 bricks, 60 tons of slate, and 150,000 pounds of iron, were used in its construction, and it was lighted by 741 gas jets. This magnificent structure, for nearly 20 years the pride of our people, was destroyed by fire on the evening of January 7, 1890, and nothing of value was left. Competent judges pronounced the standing walls dangerous, and they were removed. In 1890 work was commenced on the new city building. This is 160x90 feet in size, fronts Pine and Park streets, and is a graceful and elegant building ; its estimated cost is -1130,000. Park. — Early in 1801 the municipal authorities were informed that the Franklin Company purposed to donate the square in front of the DeWitt House to Lewiston, on certain conditions, for a park. At the annual meeting of 1861 A. D. Lockwood, Esq., made this proposition for the Franklin Company: "The Franklin Company proposes to donate to the town the grounds laid out 400 History of Androscoggin County. or reserved for a park, containing about eight acres, on condition it shall always be kept open for a park and that the town shall expend in grading, fencing, and planting trees, etc., the sura of $5,000 upon it by July 1, 18(J3." The gift was accepted, and A. D. Lockwood, J. G. Coburn, D. M. Ayer, Marshall French, B. I. Leeds, J. M. Frye, and Daniel Holland were appointed to execute the wishes of the company. The grounds were immediately graded and fenced, walks laid out and ornamented with shade trees. It is now one of the most delightful places in the city, an ornament to the place, and a favorite resort of the people. Soldiers' Monument. — Lewiston sent 1,153 soldiers to the Civil War (of whom 16 were drafted), paid il00,275 for bounties, and furnished aid to soldiers' fandlies amounting to 'f!31,970.26. The monument is located near the northeasterly corner of the park, and occupies a commanding position. It was designed and executed by the eminent sculptor, Franklin Simmons, a native of Webster. The monument has a square granite base, 10 feet in height, to which are secured four bronze tablets, with arch tops, and on which are the names of 112 officers and soldiers who were killed or mortally wounded in battle, died from disease contracted in camp, or wasted their lives in southern prisons by the slow process of starvation and neglect. The granite base is surmounted with a statue of a common soldier, cast in bronze and fully equipped, which is seven feet high and weighs 1,000 pounds. The statue was unveiled by the artist, assisted by Mayor Filsbury, February 28, 1868, with ap])ropriate military and civic ceremonies. Prayer was offered by Rev. Geo. W. Hohnan, and Hon. Wm P. Frye delivered an appropriate address. Lewiston Water Works. — Previous to 1873 attention had been frequently called to the necessity of the introduction of water into the city. In many localities great inconvenience was experienced in obtaining a suflficient supply, and the water obtained from many wells was so impure as to make it unsafe for use. The discussion of this subject frequently 'became animated, and the most conservative were convinced that the denumd for a new source of su|)ply was imperative. February 27, 1873, the governor approved "An act to supply the cities of Lewiston and Auburn with pure water." A committee was appointed in December, 1874, to consider the practicality, the best plan, and cost of procuring water, and to see if Auburn would join, and if it did not, it was authorized to secure ,an amendment to the act for Lewiston to proceed alone. They did this, and in March, 1875, reported in favor of the Holly system. In April, 1875, the city council elected a board of water commis- sioners of six members, which appointed a committee to investigate the merits of different systems in New England and New York cities. This committee reported unanimously in favor of the reservoir system, which was adopted. The plan of taking water from the saw-mill site was favored by the water com- missioners, and, after much discussion, the city council submitted to the votes City of Lewiston. 401 of the city (April 22, 1876,) a series of questions which included the purchase of the saw-mill site and the issue of city bonds for construction of water works. The vote was 91*5 yeas and 131) nays. This action was sufliciently decisive to warrant the city council U) proceed with the W(.)rk ; but it was not until November 5, 1877, that the Franklin Company conveyed to the city the saw- mill site, with the special rigiits necessary to the proper construction of the works. The city paid '^200, 000 in water works bonds, running 40 years. The discussion was animated and prolonged on the method of supply, but January 15, 1878, the city council voted that the reservoir system was best adapted to meet the requirements and interests of the city. In the spring of 1878 work was commenced and pushed with commendable energy. The reservoir was located on Mitchell Hill, about a mile and three-fourths from the pumping station. It has a capacity of over 10,000,000 gallons, cost i31),000, and was completed in Octt)ber, 1878. The water works were fully completed in December, and on Christmas eve the mayor, Hon. Jesse S. Lyford, raised the gates, and within one hour the water was entering the reservoir, and the mo^t im[)ortant [)ablic work of Lewiston was completed. The entire cost of the water works was ■t255,501>.ll. There aie now 2. Lower Main street did not retain its commercial supremacy after Central Block was built and Lisbon street was laid out and partially opened. John W. Perkins (the first dry goods merchant, established early near the bridge,) moved to Central Block, others followed, the post-office was removed to a building standing where J. T. Small's office does, at the head of Lisbon street, and the tide of business enterprise flowed that way. As new stores were demanded, Lisbon street was by degrees opened and has developed into the great commercial thoroughfare of to-day. The old arcades near Cedar street were built by the corporations soon after their extensive surveys and laying out of streets, to draw trade that way, but it refused to come. With the opening of Sabatis road and the new road to Lisbon down Lisbon street, easy 1 Condensed from sketches in " Poets of Maine." City of Lewiston. 419 transportation for their prodnce was given to the farmers to the east, and tliat developed trade. The mills brought workmen who must have houses, food, and necessaries of life and business steadily increased. By 1860 the population was 7,424, and the valuation had increased fourfold in ten years and was '12,426,374. The growth has been very ra[)id, Bates College has made the city an educational center, and Lewiston is among the most prosperous cities of New England, and increasing in size, wealth, an, the Act creating the Bureau of Navigation in the Treasury Department, the Worsted Classification Act, and many other important measures. He has served on the Committee on Baidving and Currency, Merchant Marine and Fisheries (which committee was created on his motion). Alcoholic Liquor Traffic, and Ways and Means. In the first session of the 51st Congress, he took a very prominent part, as a member of the latter committee, in framing the McKinley tariff, which became a law October 1, 1890, and went into effect five days later. Mr Dingley never speaks in the House unless he has something to. say which will shed light on the question under consideration, and for this reason he always obtains an attentive hearing, and exerts a marked influence on both sides. His speeches on the " Shipping Question," January 6, 1883, March 11, 1884, and January 7, 1891; on "American Steamships for American Mails," February 10, 1885, March 30, 1886, and July 13, 1888; against the "Free Ship" bill, May 22, 426 History of Androscoggin County. 188(5; oil the "Labor Arbitration" bill, April 2, 1886; on the Tariff, April 29, 1884, May 3, and July 21, 1888, and May 22, 1890, and on the currency ques- tion, at various times, were all re-printed and widely circulated by Repub- lican committees, and everywhere regarded as among the ablest presentations of these subjects ever made in Congress. In addition to his important and successful work in Congress, and his speeches in every political campaign not only in Maine, but in many other states, Mr Dingley has found time to write many editorial articles for his paper (the Letviston Journal^, and to make many temperance addresses — serving as president of the Congressional Temperance Society for many years, and to deliver many other addresses. Among these was an address on the " Fishery Question " before the Boston Merchants' Club, March 10, 1887 ; one on the " Shipping Question " before tlie Boston Chamber of Commerce, January 31, 1889; one on the "Tariff Question " before the Home Market Club at Boston, May 31, 1890; and the oration at the centennial of his native town (Durham), August 21, 1889. He received the degree of A.M., in course, from his alma mater (Dartmouth College) in 1858, and the honorary degree of LL.D. from Bates College in 1874. Mr Dingley married Miss Salome McKenney, daughter of a merchant of Auburn, in 1857. Six children — five sons and one daughter — have been the fruit of this union. Four of the sons and the daughter (the youngest) are now (1891) living. OREN B. CHENEY, D.D. "The Cheney genealogy is traced from England to Roxbury (Boston Highlands), Mass., and from Roxbury to Newburyport, some of the family being there as early as 1680. Deacon Elias Cheney, born in old Newbury, February 20, 1741, settled quite early in life in Thornton, N. H., and died there in 1805, at the age of 86. Deacon Elias Chene3s son of the above, and father of Deacon Moses Cheney, also lived and died in Tliornton. The latter died in Ashland, July 17, 1875, aged 82 years and five months." Deacon Moses Cheney was the first of the name to engage in the manufacture of paper. This was in one of the first three or four mills built in the state and located at Holderness village (now Ashland), and when most of the paper was made by hand. Losing his father at the age of 12, it was but a few years after that he commenced to learn this trade, engaging in the business of manufacturing when very young, and ever afterwards continuing in it. Deacon Cheney was a highly respected man, and held many town offices. One of his sons. Person C, has been governor of New Hampshire, and U. S. Senator. Oren Burhank Chenvy^ i>.i>., son of Deacon Moses and Abigail (Morrison) Cheney, was born in Holderness (Ashland), N. H., December 10, 1816. When City of Lewiston. 427 a lad Oren worked in his father's paper mill to obtain the practical knowledge necessary to enable him to follow the business. But man proposes, God disposes. When Oren was 13 years old, an injury to one of his thumbs prevented his working for a time and he was sent to school at the New Hampton Academical and Theological Institute. Here a new world dawned upon him. He saw Long John Wentworth pass through the village on his wa}^ to Sandwich and Hanover, and learned that he was a student at Dart- mouth College. College life was thus brought to his attention. Here, also, Hosea Quinby, one of his teachers, was very much interested in him, and awoke in him a desire for education. In September, 1832, Rev. Dr Quinby established the first school of the Freewill Baptist denomination at North Parsonsfield, Me, and (^ren was in attendance on the day of opening, as one of the first scholars of the first school of that church to whose educational interests his subsequent life has been devoted. The classes in Latin had such a charm for him that he would listen to the recitations day after day, and here he made his determination to go to college. In 1833 he began his preparatory course at New Hampton, and in 1835 he entered Dartmouth College, where he was graduated in 1839, and walked home to Holderness. The Lord was steadily preparing him for his life-work. While at home he was baptized by Rev. Dr Simeon Dana, and became a member of the Freewill Baptist church. In the fall of 1839 Mr Cheney came to Farmington, Me, as principal of the academy, and while here he married Caroline A. Rundlett. From 1841 to 1843 he was principal, first of StraiTord (N. H.) Academy and later of Greenland (N. H.) Academy. While at Greenland he was licensed to preach by the Portsmouth church. In 1843 he went to North Parsonsfield, Me, as principal of the Free Baptist Seminary. He also preached; one-half the time at North Parsonsfield and the other half at Effingham Hill, N. H., where he was ordained in 1844. In 1845 he went to Whitestown, N. Y., to study theology in the Biblical School, and to teach Latin in the Seminary. This course was unfinished, owing to the illness of his wife, who died June 13, 1846, in Stratham, N. H. (Their son, Horace R., a graduate of Bowdoin College and Harvard Law School, was a lawyer in Boston. He died December 13, 1876.) In August, 1846, he settled in West Lebanon, Me, where he preached one-half of the year. He married, August, 1847, Nancy S., daughter of Rev. Thomas Perkins. Their children are Mrs Caroline A. Swan and Mrs Emeline R. Boothby. Mrs Cheney died February 21, 1886. He was a pronounced Abolitionist, and was elected representative for 1851-2 by the Whigs and Free-soilers. While in the legislature he voted for the original prohibitory law of the state, and secured a state appropriation of funds for West Lebanon Academy, which he had founded. In 1852 he became pastor of the First Free Ba[)tist church of Augusta, and in 1854 Parsonsfield Seminary was burned. 428 History op Androscoggin County. Dr Cheney now felt that the time had come to establish a Free Baptist school of high grade in a central location of the state and that it was his duty to devote himself to the accomplishment of this purpose. Through his efforts a charter for Maine State Seminary was obtained March 16, 1855, and he was made principal and treasurer. The charter gave the trustees the right to locate the school, and at a meeting at Vienna, held in connection with the Maine Central Yearly Meeting, after three days' debate, it was voted to locate it in Lewiston. The esteem in which Dr Cheney's parishioners at Augusta held him was such that it was only after two resignations that he wa.s released from his pastorate. In 1857 he came to Lewiston, and in September opened Maine State Seminary. Dr Cheney received his degree of D.D. from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in 1865. He has been a member of twelve General Conferences, and has been three times moderator of that body, and has ever occupied a prominent position on the conference board. He has been a national delegate of his denomination to the meeting of General Baptists in England ; recording secretary of the Foreign Mission, and Home Mission Societies; jn-esident of the Educational and Anti-Slavery Societies, and is now president of the Free Baptist Foreign Society. Of good Anglo-Saxon stock on his paternal side, Dr Cheney inherited from liis mother the characteristics of her Scotch-Irish ancestry — industry, perseverance, self-reliance, and independ- ence of thought and action, dominated by deep religious principles. So we find him ever independent, fearless, tenacious of his convictions, and masterful in impressing them upon others. He has been a leader, persistent in carrying his well-formed plans into execution. He was by nature the very man to encounter and surmount the discouragements that were met in the establish- ment of Bates College. Opposition but spurred hini to effort, and his courage and faith raised up powerful coadjutors. From the time when as a college student he successfully resisted a prominent man in tlie district where he was teaching, who did not approve of prayers in scliool and was determined that they should be discontinued, until the present he has persisted in what he thought was right and demonstrated his qualities as a Christian educator and a far-seeing and efficient man of affairs. Everywhere, in every age, in every department of life, we find that success springs from the energy of tlie man, and as there is an inspiration to others in the achievements of such men, we place this record tliat its influence may descend with hel|)ful strength to other men and other generations. benjamin EDWARD BATES. Benjamin E. Bates was never a resident of Lewiston, but his business ability, Christian philanthropy, and unbounded benevolence will cause his memory to be ever cherished. He was born in Mansfield, Mass., July 12, 1808, and was descended from i)rominent families of Plymouth Colony. His father. iJLj-^^d^ City of Lewiston. 429 Major Elkanah Bates, was a merchant and deacon of the Congregational church, and Benjamin was early familiar with the details of business operations and developed a sterling Christian character. Going to Boston when 21 he soon became member of the mercantile firm of B. F. Loring & Co., which became in turn Davis & Bates, Davis, Bates & Turner, and Bates, Turner & Co. These different houses stood in the front rank of the eminent firms of the city. The firm of Bates, Turner & Co. was dissolved in 1847 and the same year Mr Bates became interested in Lewiston and its capabilities for manufacturing. He worked incessantly, sparing no pains, and finally became personally responsible for the payment of many subscriptions of stock in Lewiston corporations from those who proved unable to meet the payment. In four years' time 11,000,000 was profitably expended, two corporations started (one bearing his name), and the first mill of each in successful opera- tion. He took $13,000 stock of the 125,000 capital in the first bank of the city, and did more in building up the solid wealth of the city than any or all residents of the place. In January, 1862, he made his first subscription to the scliool now Bates College. It was $6,000, with the condition that the State Agricultural College should be located here. This was not done, however, and he substituted a pledge of $25,000 on other conditions, which were met and the pledge redeemed. Jvdy 11, 1868, his second subscription of $75,000 was made and later paid. His third subscription was made February 21, 1873, for $100,000, on condition that an equal sum should be raised within five years. These conditions were supposed to have been met 38 days after his death, January 14, 1878. The subsequent litigation and decision against the right of the college to this money does not affect his generosity. He was a man of vast comprehension of life, of great business capacities, and, while the busiest of workers, yet he always had time to relieve distress, and to do able work for Christian philanthropies. By his own efforts he became the pride of business circles, the founder of gigantic industries, the patron of learning, and an honorable pillar of his cliurch. HON. J. L. H. COBB. An old Kentish family of goodly estate was represented in the early Plymouth Colony by a young man, Henry Cobb,' who was one of the nine men known as " Men of Kent," that settled in Scituate, where they gave the name to the first located street — Kent street. He was at Plymouth in 1629; his name is on the first list of freemen made in 1633 as a member of the General Court. In 1634 he was one of the first settlers of Scituate, a member and deacon of the Congregational church. In 1639, with his pastor. Rev. John Lothrop, and the most of the church, he removed to Mattakeese (Barnstable), where in 1670 he was ordained "ruling elder." Here he was a town officer, a member of important committees, and deputy to the Colony Court in 1645, 430 History of Androscoggin County. 1647, 1652, 1659, 1660, 1661. He died in 1679. His first wife was Patience Hurst, whom he married in Plymouth in 1631. John Cobb,^ eldest child of Henry and Patience (Hurst) Cobb, was born in Plymouth, June 7, 1632, married Martha Nelson, and settled in his native town, where he died in 1715. His descendants are among the leading citizens of Plymouth to-day, Ebenezer,^ third child of John and Martha, married first Mercy Holmes. Their oldest child was Ebenezer,* of whom Thomas B. Drew, the historian of Kingston, Mass., says: "Died December 8, 1801, Mr Ebenezer Cobb, in the 108th year of his age. As he was born in 1694, his life embraced six years of the 17th century, the whole of the 18th, and one year of the 19th. As he was five years of age before Mary (Allerton) Cushman, the last survivor of the Mayflower company, died, it makes him the link that connects the Pilgrims with the present generation. Persons are now living (1884) who recollect Mr Cobb." He was born March 22, 1694, was thrice married, lived 107 years, 8 months, 6 days, and was buried in the old grave-yard at Kingston, where a quaint inscription is inscribed upon his tombstone. His first wife was Ruth Tinkham, whom he married in October, 1722. Ebenezer,'' their first child, was born March 4, 1724, married Jerusha Cushman in 1747, and settled in Kingston at Rocky Nook, where he died in 1782. His wife died in Plymouth in 1814. Zenas" was their fifteenth child. He was born February 2, 1772, and married Dorcas Rowe, April 24, 1794, in New Gloucester. The eldest son of this union was Zenas,'^ born July 7, 1795. For his first wife he married Charlotte, danghter of Jonathan Lovett Haskell, of New Gloucester, July 12, 1818, and settled in Poland, becoming a lumberman and farmer. Zenas Cobb and wife possessed that character of plain, unostentatious industry, integrity, and morality that is the moving force of the better elements of the American civilization of to-day. Whig and Republican in politics. Congregational in religion, their New England ideas were conveyed to their children in an extremely valuable education at the family fireside and among daily duties. Mrs Cobb was a most devoted Christian, charitable in every good work, and her influence was mighty in the formation of her children's character. They had thirteen children ; Mary Ann (married Lebbeus Stockbridge), Reuel, Luther D., of East Poland, Jonathan L. H., Persis (married She])herd Trickey), Dorcas R., William H. and Harriet (Mrs David Everett), (twins), Thomas S., Joseph F., Benjamin F., of East Poland. Mr Cobb died February 6, 1871, aged 76. Mrs Cobb died February 25, 1864, aged 70. Jonathan Lovett Haskell CohJ>, " son of Zenas and Charlotte (Haskell) Cobb, was born in Poland, Me, August 5, 1824. He had the wholesome life of the farm during his minority, having and applying the educational advan- tages of the district school, and taught six winters in Poland and Gray, making a good record as an instructor. In 1845 he entered a cotton manufactory at Saco as laborer in the dressing and weaving department, receiving 60 cents City of Lewiston. 431 per day. While here, December 10, 1848, he married Abigail L. P. Morrell, daughter of Nathaniel and Mary (Hall) Morrell, of Poland. By attention and application Mr Cobb acquired valuable knowledge, and in 1850, went to Hadley Falls, Mass., to take charge of a weaving room in the Glasgow Mills. Here he remained for 18 months, established a character for assiduity and fidelity, and was presented with a gold watch by his employers as a token of their appreciation and esteem. In 1852 the Bates Mill at Lewiston was opened and Mr Cobb took charge of the weaving in No. 1- — the first mill built in Lewiston. Four years were profitably passed here, and then the life exchanged for a more active one. After a year as a grocer in Casco, in 1857 he returned to Lewiston, and became a member of the mercantile firm of Burleigh, Cobb & Co., with which he was connected until 1866. He then engaged in the manufacture of woolens in North Gray, as senior member of the firm of J. L. H. Cobb & Co. Li 1868 the firm built the Cumberland Mill in Lewiston, and Mr Cobb's energies were successfully given to its management until his retire- ment in 1886. His business life was crowned with success; he was untiring in his energy, and gained wealth. Entering early the school of experience and labor, Mr Cobb has had a busy, active, and useful life. The quality of his mind is determined and powerful, and he has ever been independent and decided in his action, and his large vital strength has given him physical endurance. He has well understood how to manage men and bring good results in business operations, and has filled important political positions with credit. Strongl}^ Republican in principle, Mr Cobb represented Lewiston in the legislature of 1874-5, and his senatorial district in 1878-9. He was promi- nent in establishing Central Maine General Hospital and is president of the association. His religious affiliations are with the Congregationalists; he is a member of the Pine Street Congregational church, and for several years deacon. His generosity, benevolence, and public spirit are undoubted. The establish- ment of Cobb Divinit}^ School in connection with Bates College sprung from his desire to aid those struggling to fit themselves for work in the Master's vineyard, and this institution will ever be a worthy monument to his memory, and when generation after generation shall have passed away, and this good year of grace become one of the dates of antiquity, may there be good and faithful ministers in many fields of Christian activit}^ educated within its walls, to demonstrate the wisdom of its founder and honor his name. 432 History of Androscoggin County. CYRUS I. BARKER. Cyrus I. Barker comes of that strong, virile, New England stock whose descendants dominate the successful movements and achievements of the century in this country. His grandfather, Asa Barker, was one of the "embattled farmers" of the Revolution, and for his services as a soldier was granted lands in Bridgton, Me, where he developed a fine home. Here his grandson, Cyrus I., son of Jonathan and Catherine (Mitchell) Barker, was born, November 27, 1827. To his stalwart ancestry Mr Barker is indebted for an inheritance of physical vigor, strong mental powers, and a tenacity of purpose which never tires in the accomplishment of its objects. Early thrown upon his own resources, he demonstrated his capability for successful labor on farms and in a quarr}^ but his tastes were mechanical, and in 1845, when 18,- he commenced his long and notable connection with manufacturing at the lowest round of the ladder by tending a "lap alley" in the York Mills at Saco. His diligent attention and painstaking were rewarded by promotion through various grades to overseer. During the 14 years he was employed in these mills he became thoroughly conversant with cotton manufacturing. In 1860 Mr Samuel M. Batchelder, treasurer of the York Mills, who had watched Mr Barker's progress with friendly and business interest, bought the Everett Mill in Lawrence, Mass., and employed him to take charge of the carding depart- ment. Eight sets of woolen machinery had been placed in the mill and the starting and oversight of these were intrusted to him. He soon familiarized himself with the details of woolen manufacturing, and in 1865 was appointed general manager for A. Campbell & Co., a firm just commencing the manu- facture of cotton and woolen goods in Philadelphia. In the three years that Mr Barker was their agent, he planned and erected a stone and brick mill, 600 feet long, seven stories high, with 40,000 spindles. Early in 1868, Benjamin E. Bates induced Mr Barker to give the advan- tage of his skill, experience, and business energy to the development of manufacturing in the Bates Mills, Lewiston, and he was agent here until his resignation in 1887. Under his active management, life and prosperity permeated every department. From a plain cotton mill of 34,000 spindles, radical changes made a wonderful factory of various productions: cottonades, ginghams, dress-goods, fancy shirtings, cheviots, satin jeans, towellings, plain crochet and Marseilles quilts. It was not until a bleachery was established in the mills and special machinery for bleaching invented and patented by Mr Barker that the beautiful figures and patterns of the delicate Marseilles quilts could be preserved. This is but one instance of the many successful applica- tions of Mr Barker's mechanical and inventive skill, that brought the products of the Bates Mills to an unusually high standard. From 1883 until his resignation Mr Barker gave his attention to a thorough reconstruction of the City of Lewiston. 432 a Bates, which engrossed his time, and caused even his iron constitution to feel the need of rest, and from 1888 to 1890 he engaged in extensive travel in this country, Mexico, and the West Indies, to recuperate and examine opportunities for investment. He did this, as he does everything, most thoroughly, and returned to Maine with a still greater faith in its superior advantages and brilliant future. The Bates Mills did not, however, monopolize Mr Barker's energies. In 1870, lie, in company with J. H. Roak, John Cook, J. P. Gill, and John R. Pulsifer, formed the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Company, and paid 140,000 for 300 acres (mostly woodland) in Auburn (see page 648). Mr Barker was chosen president, and at once commenced operations to build a mill. The forest was cleared off, a dam 27 feet high built across the river, a canal blasted out of solid rock, and a mill, 300x50 feet, with four stories, completed in 1873. As a compliment to the vigor, industry, and rapidity infused into the work by Mr Barker's personality, the directors voted that the mill should be named the Barker Mill, and he was continued as president until 1879. Later, in connection with E. F. Packard, he built the Avon Mill in Lewiston, of which he has since been president. (This is the third largest quilt mill in the country.) He was an organizer and an original member of the New England Cotton Manufacturers' Association, and was on the board of managers for several terms. When the Lewiston Machine Co. was re-organized, nearly 20 years ago, Mr Barker was made president and now occupies that posi- tion; much of the success of that profitable corporation is due to his executive ability. In 1887, with T. E. Eustis, F. H. Packard, A. D. Barker, and Ansel Briggs, Mr Barker formed the Washburn Chair Co. In 1890 he was instru- mental in forming the Lewiston Mill Co., was made its president and agent, and his attention is now given to its business. About -1100,000 was paid for new machinery the first year, and the capacity of the plant nearly doubled. From his first residence in Lewiston he has been an acknowledged leader in financial affairs. He was a corporator of the People's Savings Bank, has been a trustee from the first, and its president for the past ten years. He was a corporator and an original director of the Manufacturers' National Bank, and its vice-president for several years. In connection with other officers of the bank, he was instrumental in securing the permanent location of the State Fair grounds in Lewiston. His interest in all movements to add to the business importance of Lewiston caused him to be elected president of its Board of Trade in 1886, and re-elected annually. He has been a vice-president of the State Board of Trade from its organization. As a Republican he has served in both branches of the city government, was on the first board of water commissioners, and one of the board during the construction of the water works. He was one of the commissioners to superintend the building of the first city building. Mr Barker has been a Universalist from early life, and is one of the trustees of Maine Universalist Convention. In 1850 he 432 b History of Androscoggin County. joined Saco Lodge, T. O. O. F., where he passed the chairs, and retains his membership, and in 1852 joined Saco Lodge, F. & A. M., where he is a member. Mr Barker married, August 11, 1848, Almira B., daughter of Daniel Jewett, of Denmark. Children: Alvarado D. (who married Georgia Sanderson, a native of Oxford county, and has one child, Grace), and Sarah Ida (who married F. H. Packard; they have a son, Cyrus F.). Mrs Barker died August 24, 1886, and August 15, 1888, Mr Barker married Mrs Mary B. (Kilgore) Sprague, a lady of practical abilit3% under whose personal supervision Mr Barker built one of the handsomest and most convenient residences in Lewiston, over which she presides with pleasing grace. Mr Barker has acquired more than a competency by his own unaided efforts, and recalls with satisfaction the patient industry and persevering energy by which he has risen from a humble position to one of eminent success. Of strong will and positive nature, he places his individuality upon everything he undertakes, and is and will be for years a prominetit landmark in the business and financial life of Androscoggin county. HON. WILLIAM D. PENNELL. The Pennell Family is an ancient Cornish one. In "Camden's Remains" is found this couplet: By Tre, Ros, Pol, Lan, Caer and Pen You may know the most Cornish men. The family has been and is of importance in Great Britain, and no less than three coats of arms are borne by its members. One has as a crest "an arm in armor, couped at the shoulder, embowed and resting the elbow on the wreatli holding a scimetar all ppr ; " another has "a griffin sejant," and the other "an ostrich's head couped." " Walford's County Families, a Royal Manual of the Aristocracy of Great Britain and Ireland," gives as the latest knighted repre- sentative of the English family, Sir Charles Pennell, formerly chief clerk of the Admiralty, Whitehall, who was knighted in 1867. He was son of William Pennell, Esq., long time Her Majesty's consul-general to the Brazils. The first American ancestor of the family, according to Savage, was Walter Pennell, who was made a freeman of Saco in 1653. The name is now well represented in Maine, and particularly so in Cumberland county. Hon. WiUiam Dwujht PenneU., son of Richard C. and Cornelia (Barnes) Pennell, was born in Portland, May 20, 1847, and, until the removal of his parents to Lewiston, May 20, 1863, he was an industrious student in the schools of that city. His active life has been passed in and devoted to the moral, educational, and business progress of Lewiston. He commenced his labors in June, 1863, as a bobbin boy in the Porter (later Continental) Mill under Mr Rhodes A. Budlong, who watched him carefully and attentively, and as he saw ^.^^-^g^^-^-ti-^^^ City of Lewiston. 432 c that he was more than ordinarily industrious, painstaking, and methodical, never leaving anything intrusted to him neglected or unprovided for, he advanced him through various departments in which energy, honesty, and close attention to the interests of his employers marked his progress, and evinced his ability to successfully fill higher positions. After leaving the Porter Mill he served three years as a draughtsman in the office of the Franklin Company with Hon. A. D. Lockwood, and in 1869 was appointed paymaster at the Lincoln Mill. In November, 1872, he was appointed superintendent and such favor did his administration of affairs find in the minds of the com- pany, that in November, 1879, Mr Pennell was selected as agent, and retained the office until his appointment in September, 1886, as manager of the Franklin Company. He was later made, in addition, manager of the Union Water- Power Company. In this latter capacity, especially in connection with the Franklin Company and its properties on lands about Lewiston and Auburn, Mr Pennell manifested a very progressive and liberal spirit, and under his management the company steadily grew in popularity, and many improvements were made and new building sites opened to the public both in Lewiston and Auburn. After this flattering success he resigned these positions February, 1890, to accept that of agent of the Hill Manufacturing Co. on the resignation of Josiah G. Coburn, after 36 years of careful management. Mr Pennell was well equipped in technical skill, business training, and intellectual strength for this responsibility, and occupies a high position among the manufacturers and in the esteem of the people. As an active Republican he has been prominent in politics since becoming a voter. Bringing the industry, accuracy and system of his business methods into the political field he made himself master of the presented situations, and became an authority whose opinion carried weight. He has been a frequent delegate to conventions, chairman of city, county and district committees, has always been in sympathy with the advanced element of his party, and by his zeal and fertility in resource has been a valuable worker in party lines. He was city auditor in 1870-71 ; in 1874 a member of the common council; in 1875-1876-1877 President of the Board of Aldermen ; January 15, 1878, the order which provided for the construction of the Lewiston water-works was introduced by him. In 1880, he was elected water commissioner for six years, and re-elected in 1886 for an additional term of six years. He was twice chairman of the board. His services in these offices were so efficient that he was elected in 1881 to fill the legislative vacancy caused by the death of Hon. I. N. Parker, and in 1888,1884, and 1885 he was a member of the state senate. In 1883, he introduced and carried through an act prohibiting the sale of the deadly toy pistol, that occasioned so many deaths among boys, and his interest in this matter was earnestly approved by all the newspapers. The senate of 1885 was one of more than usual ability, with many members experienced in 432 d History of Androscoggin County. legislation, keen debaters, sound thinkers, and earnest men, and it was compli- mentary indeed to Mr Pennell that although the youngest member of the senate, with one exception, he was chosen its president, receiving every vote in that body. How he discharged his duties can best be learned from his asso- ciates. Mr Libby of Orono, in introducing a resolution thanking Mr Pennell for "the dignity, ability, entire impartiality which has characterized his official intercourse with the members," said: "The uniform kindness and courtesy of our president has endeared him to each and all of us." Mr Lebroke of Fox- croft, in speaking on the resolution, said: "In our work we have been aided largely by the president, whose ever ready perspicuity was equal to any and every emergency, one whose rulings have been entirely impartial, one to whom we have always looked with faith and confidence and not with disappointment, for direction in all our multifarious duties. Our work has undoubtedly been not only facilitated, but largely expedited by the manner in which this body has been presided over during the present session. I must say that he has done honor to himself and a good service to the state, for which we who know of his important labors in this branch feel highly grateful to him and for which the state is indebted to his great abilities." The Bangor Commercial., an oppo- sition paper, said: "Mr Pennell is a very pleasant gentleman, 38 years of age. He is self-made, cultured, and has rare conversational powers. He has a mild and pleasant eye, an intelligent and very winsome countenance, a full and well- rounded forehead indicating a large and well-developed brain, and sufficiently strong melodious voice. His speech and accent are a pure New England vernacular. His suavity seems prompted by a kind and genial heart. While differing from him radically on some points we are glad the corporation interests are represented by so good and worthy a gentleman." The Portland Argus., Democratic, said: " Political friends and enemies must speak alike that Mr Pennell is a very honorable, able, and vigorous gentleman, well worthy of the honors repeatedly bestowed upon him." Mr Pennell's sympathies and vote have always been on the side of temperance and in favor of good law. While President of the Senate he was called upon to give the decisive vote on the question of referring the amendments to the prohibitory law to the next legis- lature. Without a moment's hesitation there was a clear and strong "No." His action was so decided that the Somerset Reporter said: "Every temperance oiganization in the state should give President Pennell a vote of thanks." Rev. C. D. Crane of New Castle said while addressing the General Conference of Congregationalists in Lewiston, June 18, 1885 : " All honor to the president ! It was not the first time when, in a critical moment in the history of Maine, a Congregationalist in the state house at Augusta proved to be the right man in the right place." Mr Pennell was on the committee, organized in 1884, that arranged for the Legislative Reunion held at the state house in Augusta in January, 1886, his fellow members being J. Manchester Haynes of Augusta, City of Lewiston. 432 e Wm G. Davis of Portland, Wm H. Strickland of Bangor, and Fred Atvvood of Winterport, and much of the success attending it was awarded to him. Mr Pennell has done good service in other circles of activity and useful- ness. He is a trustee of the Manufacturers and Mechanics Library Association; has been identified with the State Agricultural Society as an officer ; was for ten 3^ears trustee of the Androscoggin County Agricultural Society; and the con- spicuous success of the Centennial celebration of Lewiston and Auburn in 1876 was largely due to his management. He has been for nearly a quarter of a century a member of the Pine Street Congregational church, is chairman of the Prudential Committee of the [)arish, and a participant in the various activi- ties of the church and parish, and in Y. M. C. A. work. He has been a Free Mason since 1874, and has taken thirty-two Masonic degrees. The steady upward progress of Mr Pennell from bobbin boy to a leading manufacturer and high political honors shows what can be accom[)lished by brains and industry dominated b}^ integrity and uprightness. Mr Pennell married June 22, 1869, Jennie A., daughter of Wingate and Eliza W. (Foss) Linscott. Mr Linscott, a native of Chesterville, became a resident of Boston, where Mrs Pennell was born. Both Mr and Mrs Pennell take high rank in social circles. Three children enliven their home circle : Dwight R,, Fannie C, and Maude Robie. ARCHIE LEE TALBOT. Archie Lee Talbot is of English ancestry. Ambrose Talbot, his great-great- grandfather, came to America with his parents and lived in Dorchester, Mass., afterwards settled in Freeport, Me, whei'e he residetl until his death. His farm has never passed from the family, and is owned and occupied by the fifth generation. He was deacon of the Congregational church 40 years. His son,. Asa Talbot, removed to Turner, Wilton, and finally to Avon, where he built the first frame house on the "Mile Square," where he died, aged 79, in 1849. He took great interest in the meeting held by Rev. Jesse Lee and became a Methodist. Archibald, son of Asa, removed to Phillips and finally to Wilton, where he died in 1873, aged 74. He was a Methodist class leader and local preacher, and was chaplain of Maine (Farmington) Lodge of Masons for many years. He was county commissioner for Fi'anklin county and a trustee of the State Insane Asylum. Charles J. Talbot, son of Archibald, was a farmer and a member of the bar. He was president of the Temperance and Antislavery State Convention held at Portland, June 7, 1854, which nominated Hon. Anson P. Morrill for governor, the first Re[)ublican governor of Maine. He was a member of that memorable convention at Strong, August 7, 1854, composed of Whigs, Free-soilers, and Temperance Antislavery Democrats, who adopted the name of Republican. This was the birth of the Republican party in the 432 f History of Androscoggin County. United States, and was the first delegate convention to assume that name. He was made a member of the State Central Committee and held that position several years. He was commissioned by President Lincoln surveyor of the port of Portland, and held that position during President Lincoln's adminis- tration. He was commissioned collector of internal revenue by President Grant, and was in ofifice until the consolidation of districts. He was a railroad commissioner six years, and was often prominently mentioned as a candidate for congress, but always espoused the candidacy of others in the interest of harmony and united action. When 19 he became a Methodist. He died at his home in Wilton, March 10, 1884, aged 63, and was buried with Masonic honors. Archie Lee Talbot, eldest son of Charles J. and Delphinia S. Talbot (she was daughter of Asa Robbins, who was 21 years selectman and town clerk of Phillips), was born in Phillips, September 14, 1846, and lived on his father's farm until 21. He received his education in the district and high schools, Wilton Academy and Maine Wesleyan Seminary. Upon leaving school he became an insurance agent. In 1870 he was appointed deputy collector of internal revenue, and in 1877 was re-appointcd by Collector Rollins, with head- quarters at Lewiston. He held that office for seven years, until the office was consolidated with headquarters at Augusta. Mr Talbot discharged the duties of this difficult and important position with ability and fidelity, often receiving the commendation and approval of the inspecting officers. He then engaged as a life and fire insurance agent, and in 1887 acce[>ted the position of general agent for Maine for tlie Provident Life and Trust Com[)any of Philadelphia, Pa, in which business he is now engaged. Mr Talbot has lived in Lewiston since 1877. In 1883 he was elected a member of the board of- aldermen, from ward seven, and re-elected in 1884, serving as chairman of important com- mittees. In 1886 he was elected a member of the school board, re-elected in 1888, and 1890. He is a member of leading committees, and is now chairman of the committee on teachers and instruction. Mr Talbot is a member of Ashlar Lodge, F. & A. M. He early became interested in this ancient frater- nity, and was initiated when 21 years old, has taken the degrees of the York and Scottish rites to and including the 32°, and has passed the chairs in lodge, chapter, and council. In 1878 and 1879 he was District Deputy Grand Master of the 15th Masonic District. In 1880 he was elected Junior Grand Warden of the Grand Lodge. He is also a permanent member of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter, and Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters. In 1882 he was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of the Charity Fund of the Grand Lodge for three years, re-elected in 1885, in 1888, and in 1891. Mr Talbot is a member of the Congregational church, and is ever ready to aid in the cause of every good work. Town of Lisbon. 433 LISBON. By Asa P. Moore, Esq. CHAPTER XXL Early Roiuidiiries — Petitions— Town of Bowdoin — Incorporation of Thouipsonborough— Situation, Limits, and Formation — Surface and Soil — Description — Old Houses — Educa- tion— Occupation of First Settlers- Early History— Other Settlers and Descendants— Early Mills — War of 1812 — Physicians — First Town Meeting of Thompsonborough — School Districts — Extracts from Town Records — Action in the Civil War^Civil List. WEST BOWDOINIIAM plantation, wliicli included Lisbon and Webster, extended from the westerly boundary of Bovvdoinliam, west to the line of division of the Plymouth Company and Pejepscot Proprietors, about nine miles; and from the northerly boundary of To[)sham and Little River north to the southerly boundary of Wales and Litchfield, about 10 miles, and had an area of nearly 00 square miles. Li 1782 the settlers petitioned for incorporation. This petition not being granted, was followed by others, until incorporation was obtained, in 1788. The town of Bowdoin held its first meeting April 15, 1788, at the dwelling of Prince Rose. Samuel Tebbetts was moderator; Benjamin Jaques, clerk; Humphrey Purrington, Samuel Tebbetts, Ebenezer Temi)le, selectmen ; James Rogers, Jesse Davies, Jonathan Williams, Nathaniel Jellerson, David Porter, Timothy Higgins, and John Hewey, highway surveyors. The first mention of a school is in 1791, when three classes (districts) were established, and forty [)ounds voted for schools. Li 179(> the town voted " to support the gospel agreeably to law in the Baptist order," 26 voting for the Baptists to eight for the Congregational. In 1797, ff^GOO was voted to build two meeting-houses, which, if commenced, were never completed. In 1798 it was voted that Samuel Tebbetts, Thomas Ham, and Joseph Kilgore, send a petition to the general court for the division of the town. May 21, 1799, "voted that the bridge at Jordan Mills be built," and Abel Nutting named to superintend the building. Tltompaonhnrougli. — In accordance with a vote of the town of Bowdoin, the act of incorporation of Thompsonborough was passed June 22, 1799. The name was given in honor of General Samuel Thompson, of Brunswick, a son of James Thompson, who, as colonel of a body of volunteers, made prisoners of several British oflicers at Falmouth, in 1775. The Thompson family were large owners of land in Little River plantation, but something did not please the majority of the voters in General Thompson's views or actions, 434 History of Androscoggin County. and specifying the length of name as a reason, an act was obtained to change the name to Lisbon, February 22, 1802. The boundaries of Thompsonborough were : " Beginning at the northwest corner of the town of Topsham at Little River, and running up said Little River about one mile, to what is called Bowdoin's road, then running westward on said road about eight or ten rods, to a large pine tree marked with the letter Q, it being the southeast corner of what is called Whittemore's Lot, and thence running north northeast to the north line of said town, said line being about a center line of the said town of Bowdoin." Ezekiel Thompson, of Little River, a brother of General Thompson, was authorized to call the first meeting. Sitvation, Limits, mid Formation. — Lisbon is on the east side of Andros- coggin river, in the eastern corner of the county ; distant thirty miles northeasterly from Portland, and thirty southwesterly from Augusta. Thomp- sonborough was so named in honor of the Thompson famil}'-, who were large owners of land in Little River Plantation, adjoining Thompsonborough and Bowdoin. Little River Plantation, now called Lisbon Falls, was a part of the Pejepscot purchase, being a gore between Little Androscoggin and Sabattus rivers, adjoining the old town on its southern extremity, and was annexed to Lisbon (after considerable opposition) March 4, 1808. In 1840 Webster was set off from the northern part. The soil and surface are admirably adapted to agriculture, and the town contains more than an average share of arable land, the soil being so diversified as to afford farmers an opportunity to successfully cultivate all crops incident to the latitude. The intervals are fertile and productive, and no town in the state shows better or larger crops of corn or grain ; while other portions are better suited for the raising of hay and grazing purposes. Some portions are broken, but there are no abrupt hills or worthless swamps. The streams are numerous, affording abundant supplies of water. The territory was covered with a dense growth of pine, hemlock, and hard wood. The forests were stocked with game, and the rivers furnished a bountiful supply of fish, rendering it a noted resort for the Indians, who had a village on the level land, situated at the point where the Sabattus empties into the Androscoggin. The Indians called the falls where Worumbo Mill now stands Anmeca7Uf'm, signifying much fish. There are three villages: Lisbon, one mile northwesterly from the geographical center, which is near Farnsworth Mill; Lisbon Falls, two and one-half miles southerly from the center, at the southern extremity of the town; and a small village at Lisbon Center. Some of the oldest houses now standing in town are : the house owned by John G. Tebbets, now situated about one mile from Lisbon village, on the road leading to South West Bend Ferry ; it was built by Gideon Curtis, near the office of the Farwell Mills; the house now occu})ied by Widow Mary Frost, on the east side of Farwell street, opposite J. M. Corbett's house (it first stood on the hill above Samuel Moody's and was occupied by Abel Curtis) ; the house now Town of Lisbon. 435 occupied as a boarding-house by Farvvell Mills ; this house was built and occupied by Mayall and afterwards by Corbett, who added a story to the old house, which was one story. Education. — -The early inhabitants appreciated education and were liberal for the times in their appropriations for it. Among the first teachers were Miss Cox, of Topsham, who probably taught here several years, Nathaniel Eames, Esq., Nathaniel Harmon, and John Ham. The town voted in 1871 to abolish the district system; there are now no organized school districts, although they retain their old numbers and generall}^ their old limits. (By the new method the town has control of all school-houses and property, and all teachers are employed under the direction of a supervisor chosen by the town, and the terms of schools are of equal length in all parts of the town.) The school- houses are in good repair and most of them new, erected and furnished in a manner suited to the spirit of the times. The town owns seven village school- houses, valued at 'flG,000, and nine rural school-houses, valued at -$5,000. The school year is 30 weeks. Two free high schools, three grammar, tliree intermediate, six primary, and seven rural schools are maintained, and the attendance in 1890 was 800; 385 males and 415 females. |2,000 were raised for the support of common schools; $250 for free high school; -fTOO for school books; i»400 for repairs on school-houses ; $400 for fuel ; fHOO for building one new school-house. The town received from the state in 1890, $2,014.10 for common schools, and $250 for free high schools, and from the Farwell Mills $100. The Thompsons. — Jonathan Bagley, of Amesbury, and Moses Little, of Newbury, pursuant to vote of Pejepscot proprietors, conveyed July 4, 1780, to Samuel Thompson for £50 all land from Little river to Sabattus river, and northerly to the divisional line between said Pejepscot proprietors and Ken- nebec proprietors; this was the gore of land known as Little River plantation, annexed to Lisbon in 1808. Ezehid Tho)npmii came here in 1798, having purchased 350 acres at Little River, of Samuel, his brother. He was a leading man ; was postmaster, and collector of U. S. revenue, during the war of 1812. The writer has the license granted by him to Paul C. Tebbets, Esq., in 1813, to carry on trade at Lisbon. Ezekiel Thompson was born in Brunswick at New Meadows in 1757, was son of Captain James Thompson, who was born in Ivittery in 1707. James had three wives and nine sons and nine daughters; he died at Topsham in 1791; Captain James was son of James Thompson, born in Old York; and James was the son of James Thompson, born in Ireland. Lydia Thompson, second wife of Captain James Thompson, and mother of Ezekiel, was daughter of Benjamin Brown, of Ipswich. Ezekiel married in 1781 Priscilla, daughter of Colonel Nathaniel Purinton, son of Deacon Humphrey Purinton, who lived in Georgetown, now Bath, near the turnpike and New Meadows river. Humphrey 436 History of Androscoggin County. was born in Truro, Cape Cod, and died in Gorham, Mass. Priscilla, the wife of Nathaniel Purinton, was daughter of Thomas Woodbury, of Cape Elizabeth, formerly from Beverly, Mass. Samuel Thompson (the brigadier) married a sister of Colonel Nathaniel Purinton. The children of Ezekiel were: Lydia, born 1783; Reliance, born 1785, who married a Tebbets; Charles, born 1780, was a wealthy merchant and ship-owner of Topsham; Priscilla, born 1792, married Paul C. Tebbets, Esq., father of John G. Tebbets; John Holman, born 1795, for many years register of deeds at Topsham ; Hezekiah, born 1798, and Joanna, born 1803. She informed me that her first teacher was a Mr Donahue, and her first female teacher was Mrs Mary Grant, who taught in private houses, and, at one time, in a barn ; when they hauled in hay, the school was moved from the barn-floor into a stall. Occupation of First Settlers, Mills, etc. — The inhabitants paid little atten- tion to farming, but devoted their time to lumbering, as the township was covered with a superior pine, and was a part of the great pine nursery in this section of the state. Saw-mills were erected on the Sabattus, at Robinson's Corner (now known as Bryant's privilege), at Lisbon Factory, and at Farns- worth's, a mile below. At Little River, on the Androscoggin, were at one time, from 1790 to 1800, six large saw-mills, a corn and grist-mill, and a carding-mill. The lumber sawed at these mills was conveyed by teams to Topsham and Cathance. The business men, the Whitings, Godfreys, Jordans, and otliers, were renowned for their enterprise and energy. They were fast reaping the reward of their labors, when the French troubles of 1800, the embargo and War of 1812 following in succession, obliged them to relinquish business, and the result was a prostration of the business com- munity, and the dispersion to other parts of the men who had been so active. First Settlers. — The ])robable first settler was one White, who lived in a log hut on the road to Webster Corner, on the Elder Lewis farm, and after- wards purchased White's Hill. Then Russell Hinkley, a short distance beyond White, and Joseph Hinkley near by. Joseph's buildings were destroyed by fire in 1805, when he moved down to the spot where Charles Davis now lives, and finally located on the place now occupied by Charles Smith. He had several children of whom Jesse staid on the old place, built the brick house now standing, soon after sold and removed to this corner. Russell Hinkley probably built the first house, Joseph the second. Major John Rowe came about 1817, and lived on Rowe's Hill, and died in 1822. He was sergeant-major in the Revolution, and received a commission as major in 1799 and 1800 during the French trouble, in which he was noted for his patriotism and zeal as evinced by his successful efforts in raising a regiment for the defense of the country. He married Charlotte Green, of Portland, a milliner who was somewhat famous for her personal charms and varied accomplishments. The major was brave, patriotic, and warmly devoted to the Town of Lisbon. 437 interests of his country. He was a gentleman of good attainments, well- educated, of fine and commanding personal appearance, a wooer of the gentle Muse, and inclined to consider Bacchus and Venus entitled to share his devotions with Mars. lie and his wife were very social, lived in fine style, entertaining with ease, and fond of company. The writer has a diary kept during the Revolution, his orderly book, and MSS. of original and selected poetry, toasts, and sentiments. He also has a choice set of old china ware, and Albert C. Neal, Esq., a set of decanters and glasses used on festive occasions at liis hospitable board (whicli were of frequent occurrence, and famed for style and luxury). After his death his wife removed to Portland and engaged in her former business, but came back to Lisbon and resided until her death in 1848. They had no children. She and her sister were attached to the ways and fashions of earlier life, and are remembered for their peculiarities of dress, stateliness of manner, and various accomplishments. Cliarlotte was possessed of fine musical taste, and often entertained her youthful visitors by performing for them on the guitar, which she played with ease and grace. Jolin Smullen came from the Parisli of Raphos, Donegal county, L'eland, and port of Londonderry, in 1784. He belonged to a Protestant family whose ancestors were Hollanders, who came to L-eland in the army of the Prince of Orange. When 10 years of age, John visited relations in Pennsylvania, and finding that some of the family lived in Maine, came to see them, married one and took up a farm in Lisbon and remained until his death in 1825. Mr Smullen was one of the selectmen in 1801, and for several years after. Two sons, Joseph D. and Samuel, and tliree daughters, Margaret, Jane, and Mary survived. Joseph had a daughter who married B. R. Potter, of Bowdoin, and now lives on a part of the original farm which was divided between Joseph and Samuel; also a son, John, who lives in California. Samuel left one son, Samuel E., who lives at Lisbon Falls, and two daughters, Mehitable, Avho married Isaac L. Doughty, of Topsham, and resides on a part of the old farm, and Margaret, who married S. P. C. Prince, of Brunswick, and now lives in Webster. Marijaret married James Hewey, had three children, Robert, Mary S., and Andrew C. Mary is now living at Bath. Andrew C. Hewey was well known in Sagadahoc county, having been clerk of courts from 185G until the War of the Rebellion, where he was paymaster in the Army of the Potomac. At the close of the war he entered into the practice of law at Bath; a son, James E. Hewey, is now clerk of courts in York county. Jane married Samuel Baker, of Lisbon, had one son, John S. Baker, a prominent lawyer in Sagadahoc county for thirty years. She was left a widow and mar- ried Jonathan Davis of Webster. Mary married William Starbird and lived at Sabattusville until 1840, when they moved to Bath. Thomas Roberts, a joiner, came here from Somersworth, N. H., in 1800 ; he lived in a house which stood opposite Berry's tan-yard till 1819, when he 438 History of Androscoggin County. removed to the factory. He built the old tavern stand at Little River for John Raymond in 1804 or 1805; was a deputy sheriff for some years. His son Thomas was born and always resided in Lisbon. He was a connecting link between the past and present generation, his memory being exceedingly good, and his knowledge of men and times extensive. He died in 1878. Ahijah Metcalf sewed under John Paul Jones during the Revolution ; abandoning the sea he came to Brunswick and thence to Higgins's Corner in Lisbon, where he took up and cleared the farm now occupied by the Widow Higgins. He was in town as early as 1787. Adoniram Sinclair, an early settler, came from Kennebunk. John Woothvard ea^vae ivom Massachusetts; married a daughter of Hodgkins, who took up the farm now occupied by Nathaniel Bard. Descendants of Woodward now reside in the neighborhood. Stepheyi and Jdcoh Wliittemore, brothers, came from Bowdoin in 1786; they lived in the house now occupied by Sylvanus Small. John, son of Stephen, was born in Lisbon, February 22, 1798. He taught school 20 winters in Lisbon and adjoining towns. He was a member of the school committee, selectman, and justice of the peace for many years. He was a member of the second Free Baptist church in Lisbon 41 years, and deacon 10 years. He died in 1871>. His son Albert enlisted in the Union army from the West, and died in service. Calvin Coiven was in town when Smullen came. He came from Bruns- wick ; was a soldier in the Revolution ; married a sister of Hezekiah Coombs, and settled on the farms now owned by Moses Sawyer and Mr Healy. Charles Smith settled on the farm now owned by Winter Marr. Smith sold to Stevens, who sold to Joseph, son of Hezekiah Coombs, who sold to his son John H., who sold to Marr. Greorge San)yer came from Dover, N. H., was in the Revolution, settled on a farm near Southwest Bend, and married Hannah, daughter of John Dain who came from Connecticut ; he settled on the Wagg farm near the river, and married Elizabeth Proctor. William Dain settled on an adjoining farm, and married Mary Wagg. Joseph Thompson came from Fal- mouth; married Kerinhapock Proctor, and settled near Lewiston line. William, his brother, married Annie Duval, of Falmouth, and settled on the Bend Island. Boswell settled east from George Sawyer, near where the Bend Ferry is now located ; he died early, and his farm passed into the hands of McGray. Daniel Green took up and cleared the farm next below Boswell's; he went into the Revolution when IG years of age. His father settled on the farm next below (afterwards occupied by his son William). He was born in England. Coming to America he served in the French and Indian wars, also tlie Revolution; he married Jane Dustin. William, his son, married Hannah Blethen. David Crreen, brother of Daniel and William, settled on the farm next below John Blethen ; he married a Blaisdell. William Neal lived next below Daniel Green ; he came from North Berwick, and married Mehitable Kilgore. He was a man of considerable influence and held various offices. Town of Lisbon. 439 Henry Moulton, next below Neal's, came from Falmouth. Merrill, next below Moulton's, was from New Gloucester. He bought of Hezekiah Wyraan the farm now owned and occupied by John Ham. Mev. D. Pierce, next below Merrill, was a Calvinist Baptist clergyman, came from Durham ; married Abigail Additon ; moved to Greene, where he died. Simon Johnson, next below Pierce, came from Harpswell, and married a daughter of Samuel Wilson, wlio settled next below Johnson ; his farm was afterwards owned by Daniel Johnson, a brother of Simon. Daniel married a Holbrook, daughter of Wilson's second wife. Isaac Wliitney settled next below; he was a son of Benjamin. Alexander Sutherland came next below ; his farm was afterwards occupied by his son Benjamin, who married a Whitney. James W. Purinton came from Topsham ; built a tannery, and afterwards sold to Edward Berry. Increase Blethen, second son of John, took up the farm now owned by Rev. J. P. Redlon. He married the Widow Malcolm. John, Increase, and James Blethen came from England. Increase settled in Phillips, James at Cape Elizabeth, and John, the father of Increase, settled on the farm now occupied by Charles Hartshorn. John Blethen had three wives, and 27 children by the first two. Eldridge G. Blethen is a great-grandson of John. John Dean established the first ferry at Southwest Bend, in 1799, above the Bend Island. In 1810 a ferry was running below the island, and both were in operation until 1817, when a bridge was built. In April, 1819, a portion of the bridge was carried away. The bridge was rebuilt the same season, in 1810 was again carried away and has not been rebuilt; the river is now crossed by ferry. Benjaynin Wliitney owned the farms now owned by the Bibber heirs and a portion of the Hewey farm. He came from New Meadows, married Nancy Hinkley, was part owner in the first grist-mill at Little River, and was the miller. He died in 1799. His sons were Abram, Isaac, Jacob, Nathan, Benjamin, Joseph, and Samuel. Two were in the Revolution. Abram was one of the foremost business men of his day. Isaac lived at the foot of Rowe's Hill, Nathan where Addison Metcalf lives. Samuel was father of Jacob, who died in 1889 at Lisbon, age 85, John, and Samuel L. William Bifcknam came from Falmouth, Me, about 1798, and settled on the farm now occupied by his grandsons, Nathan and George Bucknam. William Bickford came from Cape Elizabeth to Lewiston about 1798. Subsequently he settled where Captain Thomas Jordan now lives. He had a family of seven children ; two of the daughters are still living. His sons, William, John, Aaron, and James, settled in Lewiston. William came to Lisbon, where he died. Aaron lived on the old homestead where he died April 6, 1863. Seth H., his son, is now living in Lisbon, on the Patrick Irish farm. Mrs Mary Groody came from Cape Ann to Lewiston about 1799, and settled on the farm formerly known as the Hart farm, where she died in 1828. But one child, an only son, came with 440 History of Androscoggin County. her, and he lives in Lisbon, on the White lot. True Woodhnry came first to Durham, but settled in Danville. He had a son, Benjamin, who moved to New Gloucester. His son, John P., settled in Lisbon on the James Jordan farm near the Lewiston line. Winter Marr, father of Edward, was born in Webster in 1814. He moved to Lisbon in 1847, and carried on farming and brick-making until his death in 1889. He was a member of the Free Will Baptist church, and was always an advocate of temperance. Samuel NicJioh first came to Durham towards the close of the last century, and took up a farm near Southwest Bend. He had a family of six sons and four daughters; the sons were Thomas, William, James, John, Lemuel, and Samuel. Of these, Thomas settled in Durham near New Gloucester line, and had a family of 10 children, Betsey, Enos, Sally, Margaret, llebecca, Thomas, David, John, Mary Jane, and Benjamin. Betsey married Samuel McGray, August 9, 1795, and settled in Durham on the place now occupied by Widow Jones near Southwest Bend ; from thence they removed to Lisbon and settled near Captain McGray 's ferry. He died March 19, 1872, and his wife, March 28, 1872. Blrhird Doan moved from Portland, Me, to Durham, 1798, and took up the farm now owned by George Estes, near Methodist Corner. Mr Doan had a family of 10 children, Joanna, Sarah C, John K., Mary L., Nancy, Olive S., William, Margaret A., Harriet M., and Lucy Ann. Harriet M. married Joseph Nichols. Eplirdim Jordan came from Cape Eliza- beth in 1787, and took up the farm in Webster now occupied by Charles E. Garcelon. He lived here until his death, December 11, 1846. He reared seven children. His son, Thomas, lives on the Foss farm. Henry Jordan came from Webster about 1825, and settled on the farm now in possession of his son, Isaiah L. Thomas Grodfrey and Ahraliam Wliitney purchased tracts of land from Samuel Thompson, and were probably among the first settlers at Little River. Thomas Godfrey lived on the John Douglass place. He was father of John Godfrey, who went to Topsham and became a prominent ship-builder. Abra- ham Whitney was one of several brothers, of whom Isaac, Nathan, and Samuel settled here. He lived next above the old post-office, and was an active and prominent business man in his day. He raised a large family, of whom Benjamin lived and died at Little River, leaving two daughters now living here, Priscilla VV., wife of Niah Gould, and Octavia T., wife of Albert C. Neal, Esq. Abraham, Jr, lived and died at Lisbon, leaving a daughter in Durham, the wife of Emery S. Warren, Esq. Among the active business men, from 1790 to 1810, at Little River, were Samuel Tilton, who lived near John Cornish; Jabez B. Fletcher, near William K. Corning; Merrell Jordan; Ebenezer Fellows lived near John Douglass ; Joseph Langden, near railroad crossing; William Wise, who married Thankful, a daughter of Samuel Thompson. These were active business men, and after the general prostration Town of Lisbon. 441 of business, left here. Hezekiah Coombs came to Little River about 1785. He was a soldier in the Revolution. His son, William, was born in 1788, and, after he came of age, purchased a farm on the ridge now owned by Mr Hannaford. William Coombs was an energetic business man, held several town offices, and was a fearless and faithful leader of the Democratic forces, in opposition to Aaron Dwinal, leader of the Whigs. They were both men of choleric tempera- ment, and espoused the cause they loved with a zeal not always tempered with discretion. William Coombs had two sons, Levi T., a deputy sheriff and dealer in stoves and hardware at Lisbon, and George W., a tailor at Lisbon Falls. Joseph Coombs, another son of Hezekiah, lived in the eastern part of the town, adjoining Webster, on the farm afterwards owned by Winter Marr. He had two children, Hannah, wife of John H. Green, and John H. Coombs. Abel Nvftitiii, born in Groton, Mass., in ]7r)7, was a soldier through the Revolution, and took part in Lexington and Bunker Hill. He came to Bath in 1783, and stopj)ed at the house of Ebenezer Coombs, where he formed the acquaintance of Rhoda, whom he married in 1784. He came to Lisbon in 1788 and settled north of Lisbon Factory, at Jordan's Mills. \n 1804 he removed to a farm about half a mile above the village, having on it a log house and hovel built by Russell Hinkley (now the Haskell farm), where he remained until his death, January 18, 1828. He left a wife and 13 children. His widow married William Green, who died at Lisbon in 1849. She died in Lisbon, April 17, 1867, at 99 years, retaining her faculties up to within a few days of her death. Aaron Nutting, Esq., for many years town clerk of Lisbon, is a grandson of the Revolutionary hero. John Raymond was a merchant in Boston in 1799. He bought a store and lot at Little River that year, and came here to reside in 1804 or 1805. He built the old tavern where the Androscoggin House stood, and his store stood on the lower side of the old road, near the railroad crossing. He died in 1810, and his wife in 1812, leaving an only child, Ann Raymond, who married James Barker, of Boston. Mr Barker never lived here, but became the owner of the estate belonging to Raymond at Little River, and purchased other lots and claims, so that at his death a large portion of the real estate there was in his possession. He spent considerable money and time in hunting up and pur- chasing the various interests and outstanding titles to the property there, and his memorandum of titles and conveyances shows him to have been a man of thorough s3^stem and deep research. Although sanguine that the place must become of importance, he did not live to see his hopes realized. He is described to me by Isaac N. Davis, Esq., his agent, "as a gentleman of the old school, of fine personal appearance, dignified, somewhat precise, of great firmness, and of the strictest integrity." In 1861 John C Tebbets and Edivard Plummer purchased the I>arker estate, comprising all the water-power on Ten- mile Falls, and having united with them Oliver Moses, of Bath, and others, 442 History of Androscoggin County. obtained a charter, built a mill, and began the great development of the place. Jacob Gould came here from Bath as early as 1790, settled first on the place now owned by Seth Bickford, but moved to the place now belonging to his family about 1801. He died December 27, 1862, aged 94 years. His oldest child, Major Stephen Gould, was born in Lisbon, October 17, 1791. He was for many years a deputy sheriff of Lincoln and Androscoggin counties. Jacob Gould had three sons: Stephen, who died in 1875, aged 84; Niah, now living in Lisbon, aged 86 ; Jacob, who died in 1890, aged 83. Aaron Dwinal, son of Amos Dwinal, was a Revolutionary soldier ; came from Worcester county, Massachusetts, about 1800: settled at Webster Corner; left here in 1840, and died in Leeds in 1844. He was a very active and influential man, held various offices of trust and importance, and was leader of the old Whig party in town. His son, Simeon, is living in Lisbon, and his other sons now living are: Calvin, at Bangor; Owen, at Mechanic Falls; Amos, in Aroostook; and a daughter, Abigail Davis, near Bangor. Rufus Dwinal, of Bangor, a noted lumberman and mill owner, was a son of Aaron. Simeon was representative in 1841, and has held other town offices. Robert Jack, son of Joseph Jack, of Topsham, was prominent in the early days. By hard study he gained a good education, including Latin, Greek, and Astronomy. He taught school, finally came to Lisbon and opened a store, including in his stock-in-trade the beverages of the day. He claimed to be the first who offered print or calico for sale in Lisbon. He was for years clerk and selectman of Lisbon. He was a public-spirited citizen, and one of the number who purchased and cleared the grounds now used as a cemetery, and afterwards aided in digging a well in the square and in putting in " the town pump." He built a number of fine houses, planted some of the first shade trees in the place, around his residences, and tried to induce the citizens to plant trees on each side of the first mile of the road to Lewiston. He married Sarah Staples, of Topsham, and had four sons, one of whom, Robert W. lives in Lisbon. Ea7'ly Mills. — John Raymond erected a mill on Little River, probably as early as 1806, which was operated by John Perry as a clothing mill for some years, when he sold to Gardner Frost, who continued the business until 1835. John Mayall, an Englishman, erected a wooden woolen mill in 1808-10 on the Sabattus, just above the bridge. This was on the first or upper privilege of Far well Mills, is still standing in good preservation. He occupied it until 1822, when Horace Corbett, of Walpole, Mass., purchased it and operated it until 1850 as a satinet mill. No machinery was run in it until 1860, when James F. Hirst, an Englishman, leased it and occupied it for the manufacture of repellents until 1863, when he removed to Sabattus. John Robinson, another Englishman, was the next lessee, in 1863, and manufactured flannels until 1867. The same year Corbett sold the mill to N. W. Farwell, who Town of Lisbon. 443 repaired it and occupied it as a cotton mill. He also bought a large amount of land near the mill. On the Moody privilege, below the bridge at Lisbon village, a grist-mill was built on the east side of the river near the end of the present dam as early as 1800, by Gideon and Abel Curtis, and Lisbon Factory was then called Curtis's Mills. This mill was tended by Eben Coombs, who came from Bath about 1803. He lived in a house where the house occupied by W. H. Miles, agent of Farwell Mills, now stands. William Batchelder later built a scythe factory just above this mill and conducted it some time. The first mill on the west side was built about 1804 by Gideon Curtis, afterward owned by Nathaniel Gerrish, who came from Durham in 1817. He and his son Joshua, for some years, carried on the lumber business, when, Joshua's health failing, he opened a store, and traded where his son, E. M. Gerrish, now trades. Nathaniel built a brick hotel in 1831 near the location of the office of Farwell Mills, which was torn down in the seventies. He was a justice of the peace, school committee man, etc. He sold the mill property to Joseph Moore in 1833; he to Samuel Moody in 1835, who was succeeded in ownership by a local syndicate in 1865, which sold to N. W. Farwell in 1867. The large cotton mill of the Farwell Manufacturing Company now occupies the entire privilege. War of 1812. — There were three companies ordered out. The first was commanded by Captain Aaron Dwinal. There were 84 men, of whom three were living in 1873: William Woodard, a sergeant; Simeon Dwinal, son of the captain in Lisbon ; and Deacon Caleb Kilgore, of Portland. Second company, Captain Peter Whitney, 31 men. Joseph Webber, of Lewiston, was the only survivor in 1873. Third company. Captain Samuel True, 73 men, nine were living in 1873: Sergeant David Spofford, Webster; Corporal James Farrar, of Lisbon : and Nathan Farrar, Robert Jordan, Moody Spofford, Gardner Frost, Benjamin Jordan, Benjamin Grand, Greenleaf Spofford. Early Phydcians. — Benjamin H. Mace was one of the early settlers. Daniel Garcelon, deceased, was of Lewiston, uncle to Dr Alonzo Garcelon. Simeon Foss, deceased, came from Farmington. Wm McLellan, deceased, came from Skowhegan. A. Brawn, now living in Biddeford. A. W. Hobbs, now living in Freedom, N. H. N. J. Wedgwood came from Litchfield, grad- uate of Maine Medical School, now in Lewiston. H. C. White, from Litchfield, also and a graduate of Maine Medical School, is now in Somerville, Mass. D. B. Sawyer, now in Lewiston, married Charlotte, daughter of Joshua Gerrish. The First Town Meeting of Thompsonborough was held at the house of Samuel Tebbetts, Esq. (at Webster Corner), March 17, 1800. Samuel Teb- bettswas chosen moderator; Noah Jordan, town clerk ; Robert Hue, treasurer; Thomas Ham, Samuel Tebbetts, Jonathan Hebberd, selectmen and assessors ; Adoniram Sinkley, constable and collector ; Calvin Cowing, Joseph Dearing, 444 History of Androscoggin County. John Hue, John McManas, Thomas Tebbetts, William B. West, Downing Gooding, Russell Hinkley, Ephraim Jordan, Josiah True, Jonathan Fogg, Simon Crocker, Stephen Dodd, Benjamin Ham, surveyors of highway ; Abel Nutting, Samuel Thompson, John Tebbetts, Samuel Tebbetts, Jr, surveyors of board; Samuel Tebbetts, culler of hoops and staves. 1800, April 7, adjourned town meeting. Voted Ephraim Jordan, Phineas Jones, Benjamin Ham, Isaac Hinckley, fence viewers ; Ilobert Hughe, Abel Nutting, Thomas Tebbetts, Samuel Hinkley, Jonathan Hebberd, Abraham Frost, tything men ; William B. West, Ephraim Jordan, Eliasom Maxwell, Joseph Bearing, Calvin Cowing, Joshway Jordan, Edward Waymouth, William Mitchell, hogreeves ; Voted for town charges $60, highways |400, schools |250. Votes cast for governor 47, James Sullivan having 39. Thr School BiMncfs were divided. May 3, 1802, thus: No. 1. — Noah Jordan, Moses Brown, Aaron Dwinal, Ephraim Jordan, Phineas Jones, Abner Jordan, Jonathan Jordan, William Jordan, Stephen Foss, Patrick Arish, Foster Went- worth, William Bucknam, Russel Hinkley, Aaron Whitney, Thomas Sinkler, Samuel W. and Seth Hinkley, Hannah Davis, Nathan Hanson, Abel Nutting, Marget Coombs, Andrew Coombs, Samuel Tebbetts, Daniel Whittom, Samuel Jenerson, Thomas Thorn, John and William Bourk, Stephen and William Dodd, Josiah Barry. No 2.— Nathan Metcalf, Ephraim Toothaker, Jacob Whittemore, Abijah Metcalf, Calvin Cowing, John Smullin, A. Patten, Joseph Cowing, John Woodard, Stephen Whittemore, Charles Smith, Dyer Heagens, Thomas Wilson. No. 3. — Isaac Hinkley, William B. West, Joseph Killgore, Jacob and Moses Gould, Hugh Owen, Lemuel, Samuel, and Thomas Hinkley, Benjamin Ham, Arcliibald, Amasa, and Luther Smith, James Welch, John Siidvler, Edward Sawyer, Stephen Staple, Thomas Ham, Robert Coombs, Nathaniel and Adoniram Sinkler. No. 4. — Daniel Harison, Miller and Joseph Hinkley, Widow Baley, Theophilus Tebbetts, Daniel Wescott, John Morris, Elisha Patterson, Hezekiah Hall, Jesse Holdbrooks, Thomas Tebbetts, Bradey Baley, John Tebbetts, Eliasom Maxwell, Samuel Tebbetts, Jr, Isaac Tebbetts, Robert Felton. No. 5, — Robert Hewey, John Rideout, Balcher Jones, Levi Temple, Samuel Bennct, Elijah Jones, Joseph and Samuel Dearing, Robert Dunkin, Timothy Heagins, Nathaniel Gilpatrick, John Smith, John Henderson, John Nowell, William Hegins, Jonathan Whitney, Paul Nowell, Alexander Gowing, John Mcmaners, Joseph True, William Heath, Jonathan Whitney, Jr, Benjamin Henderson, Simeon Crock. No. G. — Matthew Jordan, James Wilson, James CoUens, William Mitchell, Patrick Conner, John Wilson, Silas Hamilton, Samuel Thompson, Robert W. Niles, James Maxwell, Daniel Green, Jonathan Mitchell, William True, Nathaniel Smith, William Jordan, Jr, Joshua Jordan, John Farrow, Jonathan Hebbert, Phinehas Spofford, James and Stephen Hebbert, Elias Moody, Matthew and Samuel Libby, John Gould. No. 7. — John, John, Jr, and James Hewey, Elisha Hanscom, Joseph and Town of Lisbon. 445 Thomas Maxwell, John and William Rideout, Jacob Pettingill, Samuel Malet, Zebulon Pribble, John Lavrey, Nathaniel Sheldon, Dowinng Gooding, Abraham Craft, Nahum, Edmund, and Jonathan Waymouth, Benjamin Hodgkins, Simeon Hamilton, Elias Storey, Jacob Furbish, Benjamin Jordan, Jethro Sandborn. Extracts from Totcn Records. — The first pages of the early records are largely occupied with records of roads, and in the quaint writing and spelling some are amusing enough. In 1800 ?|250 for schools, and elected a school committee. In 1801 William True was allowed " Liberty to Hang gate Acrost the Road on his Land. Voted Not to Let the Wider Davis Hano- Any gates A Crost the Road. Voted Not to Let Wails Have two Miles of the [north part] of This town." May 5, 1801, an adjourned town meeting was held in Samuel Tebbetts's barn, and for several years it was quite customary to occupy some barn or other to hold town meetings in. In 1801, i200 was voted for schools, and -flOO to defray town charges. In 1802 Hon. Caleb Strong had 56 votes for governor, Edward H. Robbins, 44 for lieutenant- governor, Nathaniel Dunnner, 38 for senator. In 1803 voted that the constable in future post up three warrants for town meeting at Roberts Hewey and Luke Lumbard's store. 1804 voted |)1,000 for highways, 't400 for schools, not to raise money to build a meeting-house. 1805 several [)rivate roads accepted by the town. A meeting May 5, 1805, was "to see if the town will agree to divide said town and have the southern part incorporated with Little River Plantation." It was dismissed. Also voted to give 25 cents per head as bounty for crows. 1807 25 votes were cast in favor and 55 against the sei)aration from Massachusetts. Voted "to dismiss the article concernincr raising money for the preaching of the Gospel." Voted to build a pound 40 feet square near Luke Cushman's, and chose him pound-keeper. 47 votes against and 28 in favor of annexing the [)lantati(>n8 of Little River and Wales to Lisbon, and John Smullen, Ca[)tain Josiah True, and Dr Benjamin Hale Mace chosen to remonstrate against such legislative action, 1808 70 votes were cast against and 38 votes in favor of incorporating the north part of Lisbon with Wales plantation in a new town. Voted to petition the President of the United States to suspend the Embargo act either wliolly or in part, and chose seven good men and true to " wright " said petition. Little River Plan- tation has now become a portion of the town. 1809 a committee was chosen to petition the " Legislatur " for relief of the grievances of the town on account of the distressed state of the times. 185 votes cast for governor. 1810 voted to hold the annual meetings in March. A committee chosen to superintend the inoculation of the inhabitants with cow-pox. 1811 voted -tlOO for the support of the Gospel, #1,500 for highways, $800 for schools, $350 for town charges. 1814 voted to build a magazine to hold the town stock and the building let to Phineas Jones, also authorized the selectmen to hire money to pay the expenses of the troops in the late expedition to Bath. 1815 an 446 History of Androscoggin County. article in the warrant calling the annual town meeting, reading "to see if the town will raise money to purchase B. D. Bryant's large store at Lisbon Corner for a town-house, if not, to see if the town will raise money to build a new town-house," was "dismessed." 1816 James Small and Ezekiel Thompson chosen delegates to the convention at Brunswick. 116 votes cast for, 60 votes ao-ainst, the separation of Maine from Massachusetts. 1819 the barn of James Small seems to be the favorite place of holding town meetings, and in March the town voted "not to have their town meetings in future at the meeting- house near the Factory." 170 votes cast for, and 35 votes against the separa- tion of Maine from Massachusetts. 1820 Levi Stowell, William P. Davis, Ezekiel Thompson, Aaron Dwinal, Nathaniel Eames chosen to petition the legislature to divide the county of Lincoln, or make a new county from towns from both Lincoln and Cumberland. For first governor of Maine the vote was: Hon. William King, 77; Colonel Dennie M. Cobb, 3; Benjamin Cushing, Esq., and Samuel W. Hinkley, 1. 1823, Aaron Dwinal, John Smullen, and Paul C. Tebbets chosen committee to report on the propriety of building a house to acconnnodate the poor. Voted to petition the legislature to annex the town to Kennebec county. 1824 voted to hold the next town meeting at the Methodist meeting-house in the Factory village, and then alternately at the Baptist and Methodist meeting-houses, but at a later meeting it was voted to hold the meetings at "Roger Goodwin's barn." 1827 Nathaniel Gerrish and Moses Tebbets, innholders, and Paul C. Tebbets, Robert Jack & Co., Eaton & Carr, Aaron Dwinal, William Colby, Joshua Gerrish, Jacob Bibber, Ebenezer Ham, James Weymouth, Miss Harriet G. Sampson, Sewell Moody, retailers, were licensed to sell liquors. 1828 241 votes cast for presidential electors, Levi Hubbard receiving 172, Cornelius Holland 61). Voted to give Sampson Colb}^ -^3.50 for a chest four feet long, two feet wide, and one and one-half foot high, to keep the town's books and [)apers. 1829 voted to petition the legislature for a new county. 1832 voted that we disapprove of the doings of the majority of our late legislature in agreeing to sell a part of the state to the British, and Aaron Dwinal, Moses Tebbets, Jose[)h Sandborn, James Emerson, and Paul C. Tebbets chosen to draft resolutions on this subject. 1833 voted not to grant licenses to retailers of spirituous liquors. 1837 22 school districts formed. 1839 voted to divide the town, and William Garcelon of Lewiston, Johnson Jacques of Bowdoin, and Elisha Barrell of Greene, chosen committee to make the division. 1840 the town meeting is held in the barn of Nathaniel Gerrish. 1842 voted to raise 1625 for support of schools. 1844, March, voted to raise money to build a town-house the present year. Chose John Whittemore, John Ham, and Peter Charles to locate a place and procure land, etc., for said house. April 13 voted to locate the place and build the town-house on land of Horace Corbett opposite the brick school-house at the Factory village; also voted Town of Lisbon. 447 that the selectmen be a committee to superintend tlie building. September 9 the Lisbonians assembled at the town-house for their first meeting therein. 1845, March 17, voted to have the town-house Painted on the Outside (Red) and a stove furnished ; voted, that tlie selectmen be a committee to attend to the retailing of spirituous liquors, and put the license law in force. 1847 voted in favor of having a toll-bridge over the Androscoggin river at or near the southwest bend of said river. 1850 27 votes in favor and 40 votes against changing the time of meeting of the legislature. 1851 voters sustain the present liquor law. Action of Town in the Civil War. — 1861, November 10, the inhabitants voted that the selectmen should see to the families of all who have enlisted or may enlist in the U. S. service, inhabitants of Lisbon, and assist them if they need assistance, and not consider them town paupers. 1862, July 19, resolved that a liberal encouragement ought to be given to persons who are willing to leave their homes and their families to tight the battles of our country, protect our homes and the constitution, and uphold the honor of our flag, by volunteer- ing their services, rather than by a resort to draft. Also resolved and voted that ilOO be paid to each volunteer, to the number of 15, who will enlist within twenty days. Voted and chose Aaron J. West, agent. August 25 voted to choose two recruiting officers, one for the Factory village, and one for Little River village, who shall open offices for the enlistment of men as are called for as the quota of this town, and $100 be offered each person who may enlist, etc. This motion was made by Asa P. Moore, Esq. Aaron J. West and Emery W. Sawyer were chosen recruiting officers; also, voted that the select- men hire $1,800. December 8, voted to authorize the treasurer to hire $300, to be expended for the support of soldiers' families. 1805, January 2, voted to raise $450 for each soldier procured for three years, if they cannot be procured for less, and to instruct the selectmen to assist the agent in securing the quota. Henry H. Thompson was chosen town agent in place of A. J. West, deceased. 1865 voted to exempt the Lisbon Manufacturing Company and the Lisbon Centre Falls Manufacturing Company from taxation for five years. 1867 town line between Bowdoin and Lisbon established. 133 votes, all cast, were in favor of the suppression of drinking houses and tippling shops. 1870 voted to exempt from taxation for ten years any manufacturing establishment that may be erected at the Lisbon Centre Falls privilege ; also to exempt for five years the property owned and operated by N. W. Farwell. 1871 voted to abolish the school district system ; voted to build school-houses in the Plains and Frazier districts ; also to build this town's portion of the bridge across the Androscoggin at once, and raise $1,200 for the purpose. 1872 voted to exempt from taxation for ten years all buildings, machinery, and capital erected, used, and employed in the manufacture of boots and shoes or leather in any form, 448 History of Androscoggin County. provided the capital so employed shall amount to 'flO,000. 1876 voted to fund the floating debt. 1870 voted to accept High, Winter, and Park streets. 229 votes cast in favor and 5 votes against state biennial elections and biennial sessions of the legislature. 1880 cast 275 votes for and 170 votes against the amendmejit of the Constitution to provide for the election of a governor by a plurality; also 273 vot^s for and 109 votes against constitution amendment to chano-e the term of office of senators and representatives. 1882 voted to raise |;250 for a free high school ; also to raise !il<2,300 to build a school-house on Lisbon street. 1885 voted to build a school-house at Lisbon village this year; also voted to exempt from taxation for ten years the Bowdoin Paper Man- ufacturing Coin})any. 1886 voted to expend $2,000 for an engine house, lot, building, and reservoirs at Lisbon Falls, and f|2,000 for the purchase of engine liouse and lot, and building reservoirs at Lisbon village. 1888 voted that we have a new school-house at Lisbon Falls, and to raise f300 to build a sidewalk from Lisbon Centre to Lisbon post-oflice. Electoral ticket for President headed by Samuel N. Campbell had 314 votes ; that by Clark S. Edwards, 255; that by Neal Dow, 28; that by Dexter W. Smith, 13. 1890 voted to raise 1500 to purchase a hearse ; also to build a new school-house in the Durgin district. The annual report for the year ending March, 1891, gives the valuation as $1,471,318. Of this $1,191,319 is resident and $97,265 non- resident real estate, $180,834 is resident and $2,400 non-resident personal estate. The amount assessed was $24,004.90; number [)olls, 826; rate of tax- ation, .0151. The expenditures included: roads and bridges, $4,966.62; contingent account, $2,280.52; su[)port of soldiers and families, $551.68 ; fire department, $321 .82 ; street lights at Lisbon Falls, $200 ; Memorial Day, $50 ; sup])ort of poor, $657.54 ; new school-house, $786.45. The farm account shows, $156.33 in favor of the farm. The town's total interest-bearing debt is $11,257.34, a decrease of $2,838.44 ; its resources are $7,466.43, making the net indebtedness, $3,790.91, a decrease of $4,927.55. The receipts amounted to $22,363.16; disbursements, $20,784.19. Civil List. — 1801 — Noah Jordan, clerk; Thomas Ham, John Smulleu, Jonathan Hebbert, selectmen. 1802 — Noah Jordan, clerk; Thomas Ham, John Smnllen, Jonathan Hebbert, selectmen. 1803 — Noah Jordan, clerk; Jonathan Hebbert, Thomas Ham, John Smnllen, selectmen. 1804 — Noah Jordan, clerk; Jonathan Hebbert, Thomas Ham, John SmuUen, selectmen. 1805 — Noah Jordan, clerk; Robert Howey, John Smnllen, Thomas Ham, selectmen. 1800 — Samuel Tebbets, clerk; Thomas Ham, Robert Hewey, Nathan Hanson, selectmen. 1807 — Daniel Hanson, clerk; John Snmllen, .Tosiah Trno, Thomas Ham, selectmen. 1808 — Daniel Hanson, clerk; Josiali True, Thomas Ham, (Jidoon Curtis, selectmen. 180!) — Daniel Hanson, clerk; Samuel Tebbets, Josiah True, Isaac Tebbets, Jr, selectmen. 1810 — Ezekiel Thompson, clei-k; Gideon Curtis, Samuel Tebbets, James Small, selectmen. 1811 — Eaekiel Thompson, clerk; Samuel Tebbets, Gideon Curtis, James Small, .selectmen. 1812 — Ezekiel Thompson, clerk; James Small, Melvin Stow, Isaac Tebbets, selectmen. 1813 — Daniel Hanson, clerk; Moses Tebbets, Ezekiel Thompson, John Smnllen, selectmen. 1814 — Daniel Hanson, clerk; John Smullen, Moses Tebbets, Daniel Hanson, selectmen. 1815 — Daniel Hanson, clerk; John Smullen, Moses Tebbets, Daniel Hanson, selectmen. 1816 — Daniel Hanson, clerk; James Small, Daniel Hanson, Nathaniel Eames, selectmen. 1817 — James Small, clerk; James Small, John Smullen, Daniel Hanson, selectmen. 1818— John Smullen, clerk; John Smullen, Town of Lisbon. 449 Benjamin D. Bryant, Ezekiel Thompson, selectmen. 1819 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; James Small, Paul C Tebbets, Benjamin D. Bryant, selectmen. 1820 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Paul C. Tebbets, James Small, Daniel Hanson, selectmen. 1821 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Moses Tebbets, Benjamin D. Bryant, Joseph Sandborn, selectmen. 1822 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William P. Davis, William Coombs, selectmen. 1823 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William P. Davis, William Coombs, selectmen. 1824 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William Coombs, John Ham, selectmen. 1825 — Paul C. Tebbets, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William Coombs, John Ham, selectmen. 182G — Robert Jack, clerk; William Coombs, John Ham, Samuel True, selectmen. 1827 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Benjamin D. Bryant, Mark Garcelon, selectmen. 1828 — Robert Jack, clerk; Benjamin D. Bi'yant, William Neal, Mark Garcelon, selectmen. 1829 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Joseph Sandborn, Jonathan Davis, selectmen. 1830 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Joseph Sandborn, Jonathan Davis, selectmen. 1831 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Joseph Sandborn, Jonathan Davis, selectmen. 1832 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Joseph Sandborn, Jonathan Davis, selectmen. 1833 — Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, Ebenezer Hani, Jonathan B. Jordan, selectmen. 1834 —Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, William Woodvrard, Robert Jack, selectmen. 1835— Joshua Nuttina;, clerk; Joseph Sandborn, Thomas Jordan, Simeon Dwinal, selectmen. 18.3G — Joshua Nutting, clerk; Thomas Jordan, Simeon Dwinal, Joseph Mooi'e, selectmen. 1837 — Joshua Nutting, clerk; Joseph Moore, Philip M. Garcelon, Jonathan B. Jordan, selectmen. 1838 — Joshua Nutting, clerk; Joseph Moore, Philip M. Garcelon, Jonathan B.Jordan, selectmen. 1839 — Joshua Nutting, clerk; Joseph Moore, Philip M. Garcelon, Jonathan B. Jordan, selectmen. 1840 — John Hoyt, clerk; Joseph Moore, Peter Charles, James Booker, selectmen. 1841 — John Hoyt, clerk; Joseph Moore, Peter Charles, John Whittemore, selectmen. 1842 — John Hoyt, clerk; John Whittemore, James Booker, John Ham, selectmen. 1843 — John Hoyt, clerk; John Whittemore, James Booker, John Ham, selectmen. 1844 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Whitte- more, John Ham, Peter Charles, selectmen. 1845 — Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Moore, Asaph K. Horton, Ammi Dunham, selectmen. 1846 — Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Moore, Ammi Dunham, Peter Charles, selectmen. 1847 — Robert Jack, clerk; Joseph Moore, Ammi Dunham, Enoch Stover, selectmen. 1848 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Ham, Asaph K. Horton, Joseph I). SmuUen, selectmen. 1849 — Robert Jack, clerk; Asaph K. Horton, Ammi Dunham, Addison Metcalf, selectmen. 1850 — Robert Jack, clerk; John Whittemore, John Ham, Jacob Whitney, selectmen. 1851 — Robert Jack, clerk; William Neal, Addison Metcalf, William S. Cotton, selectmen. 18.52 — Robert Jack, clerk; Simeon Dwinal, Jacob Whitney, Edward P. Briggs, selectmen. 1853 — Robert Jack, clerk; Simeon Dwinal, Jacob Whitney, Edward P. Briggs, selectmen. 1854 — Robert Jack, clerk; John L. Davis, William S. Cotton, William Blake, Jr, selectmen. 1855 — Robert Jack, clerk; William S. Cotton, John B. Douglass, Joseph Durgan, selectmen. 1856 — Robert Jack, clerk; William S. Cotton, Asaph K. Horton, John L. Davis, selectmen. 1857 — Robert Jack, clerk; John L. Davis, Thomas T. Small, Jason Rand, selectmen. 1858 — Robert Jack, clerk; Reuben Rand, John Atwood, James Farrow, selectmen. 1859 — Robert Jack, clerk; Reuben Rand, John ^Vtwood, James Farrow, selectmen. 1860 — Robert Jack, clerk; Reuben Rand, William S. Cotton, Charles B. Jordan, selectmen. 1861 — Robert Jack, clerk; William S. Cotton, Aaron J. West, Charles B. Jordan, selectmen. 1862 — Robert Jack, clerk; Aaron J. West, Henry H. Thompson, David F. Shea, selectmen. 1863 — R. W.Jack, clerk; A. J. West, H. H. Thompson, D. F. Shea, selectmen. 1864 —R. W. Jack, clerk; A. J. West, James G. Jordan, Jason Rand, .selectmen. January, 1865, chose H. H. Thompson in lieu of A. J. West, deceased, and H. C. White in lieu of Jason Rand, resigned. 18()5 — Charles B. Jordan, clerk; J. G. Joi'dan, W. S. Cotton, Jordan Rand, selectmen. 1866 — C. B. Jordan, clerk; J. G. Jordan, Edmoud H. Ham, Seth P. Crosman, selectmen. 1867 — C. B. Jordan, clerk; J. G. Jordan, S. P. Crosman, O. R. Small, selectmen. 1868 — Aaron Nutting, clerk; S. P. Crosman, O. R. Small, Jesse Davis, selectmen. 1869 — Aaron Nutting, clerk; O. R. Small, Jesse Davis, H. C.White, selectmen. 1870 — A. Nutting, clerk; O. R. Small, Orlando Merrill, H. C. White, selectmen. 1871 — A. Nutting, clerk; H. C. White, Orlando Merrill, A. E. Jordan, .selectmen. 1872 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, J. G. Tebbets, C. H. Douglass, selectmen; in June, Douglass resigned, and Edward H. Berry chosen. 1873 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, J. G. Tebbets, Edward Berry, selectmen. 1874 — A. Nutting, clerk; E. H. Ham, H. V. Small, Edward Berry, selectmen. 1875— A. Nutting, clerk; E. H. Ham, E. N. Chamberlain, J. G. Tebbets, selectmen. 1876- A. Nutting, clerk; E. N. Chamber- lain, Jordan Rand, Hiram V. Small, selectmen. 1877 — A. Nutting, clerk; E. N. Chamberlain, Hiram V. Small, E. M. Shaw, selectmen. 1878 — A. Nutting, clerk; E. N. Chamberlain, Hiram V. Small, J. R. Edgecomb, selectmen. 1879 — A. Nutting, clerk; E. N. Chamberlain, J. R. Edgecomb, E. M. Shaw, selectmen. 1880 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, Jere Philbrook, Henry Farrar, selectmen. 1881 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, Jere Philbrook, Henry W. Farrar, selectmen. 450 History of Andkoscoggin County. 1882 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, Jere Philbrook, Henry W. Farrar, selectmen. 1883 — A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, Henry W. Farrar, Edward Marr, selectmen. 1884— A. Nutting, clerk; A. E. Jordan, Henry W. Farrar, Edward Marr, selectmen. 1885 — G. Eugene Bobbins, clerk; A. E. Jordan, John Smith, George Crosman, selectmen. 188() — E. H. Lunt, clerk; A. E. Jordan, John Smith, W. S. Cotton, Jr, selectmen. 1887 — E. H. Lunt, clerk; John Smith, G. W. Gowell, George Plummer, selectmen. 1888 — James H. Eacott, clerk; John Smith, G. W. Gowell, George Plummer, selectmen. 1889 — E. H. Lunt, clerk; John Smith, G. W. Gowell, George Plummer, selectmen. 1890— James H. Eacott, clerk; John Smith, J. H. Coombs, F. A. Jordan, selectmen. 1891— James H. Eacott, clerk; John Smith, Frank A. Jordan, E. H. Lunt, selectmen. CHAPTER XXn. Religious Societies — Free Baptists — Congregationalists — Universalists — Methodists — Baptist Church of Lisbon Falls — The Roman Catholic Church. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. — Ill 1808 there was an article in the warrant "to see if the town will choose an agent to attend the Court of Common Pleas at Warren, to answer to a complaint against said town, for not employing and supporting a teacher of piety, religion, and morality, and for neglect in providing for the jjublic worship of God as the law requires." Abel Boynton was chosen, and in 1811 the sum of -iilOO was voted for support of the Gospel, to be a[)pro[)ruited under the direction of Samuel Tebbets, Esq., Deacon Joseph Kilgore, Ca[)tain Moses Tebbets, Ca[)tain Nathaniel Eames, Isaac Smith, and Gideon Curtis. This is the first record found of any appropriation for the support of the gospel. The first preachers were Elder James (Jarcelon and Elder Cole, Baptists. Free Baptiats. — The first "Church of Christ in Lisbon called Ereewill Baptist," was organized by Elder Josiah Farwell, in 1812, and consisted of these members: Hezekiah Purington, Susan Purington, Jonathan Blethen, Nancy Fulton, Isabella Kimball, Polly Sutherland, Ruth Tebbets, Hannah Smith, Axy Blethen. The present Free Baptist society was organized November 8, 18(52, by Reuben Rand, with these members : Isaac Blake, William D. Crockett, James A. Harmon, Charles B. Jordan, James G. Jordan, Jacob Whitney, John Gould, John Smith, John Hatch, Charles Smith, Caleb C. Smith, Harrison Davis, Samuel Hiiddey, Philip G. Frost. It has been ministered to by Revs. Albert W. Purinton, O. II. True, Andrews, Kimball, Bartlett, and Gould. The Free Baptist Church at Lisbon Falls was organized November 20, 1856, by a council consisting of Revs. N. Bard and W. T. Smith and fifteen members. George Plummer was chosen clerk, Nathaniel Gatchell and Charles Brown deacons. The church made but little progress the next five years, worsliiping Town or Lisbon. 451 with other cluiiches in union meetings. In 1862 it was decided to hold a separate meeting, and a house was obtained. The original members were Ira G. Ridlon, Sihis Plummer, George Plnmmer, Isaac Doughiss, Charles Brown, Natlianiel Gatchell, Abigail Douglass, Nancy Douglass, Emily E. Plummer, Almira J. Plummer, Mary M. Ilidlon, Mary Hewey, Deborah Gatchell, Elizabeth P>rown, and Theresa Cornish. Pastors: The first was Rev. George Plummer, five years; Rev. A. F. Hutchinson, one year; Rev. H. Lockhart, two and one- half years; Rev. A. L. Morey, one year; Rev. G. O. Wiggin, one year; Rev. O. L. Gile, one year; Rev. Charles Mason, one year; Rev. H. F. Young, two years; Rev. B. M. Edwards, two and one-half years. The last pastor was Rev. John Nason. The old church being too small it was thought advisable to build a new church, and in 1887 one was erected. Among the contributors were Frank Gutmann, who gave -11,000 ; G. C. Moses, |500; Edward Plummer, 1500. The church cost over #6,000, and was dedicated March 6, 1888. Rev. Carter E. Cate, of Lewiston, preached the dedicatory sermon. A Congregational church building was erected on the Ridge, about 1840. The original members were Esquire Moody and wife, Edmund Berry and wife, Stephen Gould and wife, and Mrs George Smith. Rev. Stephen Merrill was the first pastor. This church became extinct as early as 1870. The Universalists have been numerous at Lisbon for years, but there is no active organization. A society has existed for some years at Lisbon Falls, and services have been held semi-monthly (or nearly so) by various clergymen in Good Templar's Hall. Methodisiyi. — At the introduction of Metliodism into this section, Lisbon formed a part of " Bowdoinham circuit," organized in 1803, and included Bath, Bowdoinham, Bowdoin, Topsham, Georgetown, Pejepscot, Durham, Pownal, and Lisbon. Afterwards classes were formed in Litchfield, Wales, Lewiston, Richmond, and Phippsburg, and these were added to the circuit. In 1806 the name was changed to Durham circuit. In 1830 Lisbon was made a part of Monmouth circuit. In 1835 Lisbon circuit was organized of Lisbon, Wales, and Lewiston. During 1836-7 Lisbon was re-united with Durham circuit, but in 1838 Lisbon circuit was restored with its former limits. From 1835 preaching continued at Sabattus on alternate Sabbaths until 1850, when, under the ministration of Rev. E. K. Colby, that appointment was abandoned. There were 28 members in the class at Sabattus, and they continued to supply them- selves with preaching for several years, being served by Rev. R. J. Ayer and Rev. Thomas Mason. The lot of land on which the church formerly stood at Sabattus was sold in 1880 and the proceeds invested in the new M. E. church at Lisbon. Perhaps it would be of interest to note the fat salaries on which Methodist preachers lived in "ye olden times." In the steward's account for 1809 are these "disbursements" for the year: "Expense, -f 2.12 ; J. Soule (afterwards 452 History of Androscoggin County. Bishop Soule), 13.00; J. W. Hardy, 18.62; J. Spaulding, 11.05; R. Hays, $6.16 ; L. Sargent, $2.45 ; total, $23.40." Preachers then lived on faith and "of the gospel." Their home was in the saddle; and they "boarded round." Again, in 1815, we find the following distributions: " O. Beale, $11.08; R. Hays, $47.80; J. Paine, $23.90; expense, $7.22; total, $90." Some grateful preacher has appended this comment to the record: " Lord, fulfill Thy promise to the benevolent. Amen!" As early as 1824 records show that luxury had crept in. We read of "table expenses" (the ministry had so far declined that some of them lived in parsonages and indulged in the unncessary expense of having a family). The charges for that year were: "Caleb Fogg, $61.73; Aaron Sanderson, $30.86; total, $92.59." In 1840 the times had become quite corrupt, as indicated by these prodigal "estimates": " Table expenses, $52 ; house rent, $15 ; horse-keeping, $20; firewood, $18 ; quarterage for preacher and wife, $200; (quarterage for two children, $32; moving (50 miles), $10; horse-shoeing, $4; total, $351." What part of the estimate was paid is not stated. The records for successive years show, however, that it was not considered necessary to pay more than 50 to 75 cents on the dollar. The Sunday school of the church was organized in June, 1844, with nine teachers and 40 scholars. The church records contain no mention of it save this report made at the Quarterly Meeting in Brunswick, June 9, 1849: "The broken schools in unpromising condition" — perhaps 50 scholars and ten teachers and officers. June 13, 1880, was observed as the thirty-sixth anniver- sary of its organization, and also as the centennial of Sunday schools. The attendance that day was 100, the largest in its history, and the average attendance for that year is given as 75. At the same time as the centennial was observed the second anniversary of Children's Day. A large audience attended. A Sunday school missionary society was organized in 1879. The first meeting-house was erected in 1818, on the site of the present church edifice, during the pastorate of Joshua Randall. The land was given by Nathaniel Gerrish, and $383 was raised by subscription. The building was a roughly-finished structure, 40 x 36, with walls 12 feet in the clear, and was a free church until 1840, when extensive repairs were made, a vestibule and steeple added, and box pews (into which the members could be securely buttoned) took the place of the board seats, and they were sold to cover expenses of repairing. This was during the pastorate of Rev. Joseph Milliken, who did more than any other to preserve the history of the church. In 1859, under Rev. K. Atkinson, the house was remodeled, and more comfortable pews substituted. In 1871 the lofty gallery and pulpit were brought down to moderate elevation. In 1879 the old meeting-house was sold to Simeon Nichols, moved a short distance, and passed into the hands of Hon. Jesse Davis, who placed a story under it and changed it into Union Hall. The same year a new church was commenced on the old spot; size 54x34 feet, with a Town of Lisbon. 453 corner tower 14x14, and recess in the rear 12x4; the cost was $2,200, exclusive of furnishing. It was dedicated March 19, 1880, as a free church and free of debt. This was under the pastorate of Rev. E. S. Stackpole, and to him should be awarded the credit of collecting and compiling the early history of the church. I have been unable to learn the dates of the early members, but among them were William J^ake, Stephen Foss, Gideon Curtis, Abel Curtis, Edward Woodbury, David McFarland, Nathaniel Gerrish, Joshua Gerrish and his wife. (John Dean, who lived at Dean's Ferry, was recorded in Lisbon town records of 1812 as a member of the Methodist society in Durham.) Under the pastorate of Rev. O. S. Pilsbury, a fine church edifice was erected at Lisbon Falls, at a cost of !|4,200, and dedicated October 10, 1889. The pulpit is filled by the pastor of Lisbon church. List of Preachers. — imi, True (Jlidden; 1804, Daniel Dudley; 1S05, Allen H. Cobb; ISOG, Eleazer Wells; 1807, David Carr; 1808, Warren Bannister, Isaac Smith; 180<), John W. Hardy, J. Spaulding, R. Hays; 1810, William Frost, Nathan B. Ashcroft; 1811, William March, Cyrus Cummings; 1812, Ebenezer Blake, John Adams; 1813, John Adams, E. W. Coffin; 1814, Philip Ayer, Bradbury Clay ; 1815, R. Hays, John Paine; ISKJ, Ebenezer F. Newell, Caleb Fogg; 1817, Joshua Randall, J. Ambler; 1818, John Lewis, Eliezer Steele; 1819, Job Pratt, James L. Bishop; 1820, Benjamin Ayer, Elijah Spear; 1821, Benjamin Burnham, Daniel Wentworth; 1822, Benjamin Burnham; 1823, Abram Holway, William Gardner; 1824, Caleb Fogg, Aaron Sanderson; 1825, True Page, Silas Frink; 1826, True Page, James Harrington; 1827, James Weston, Caleb Fogg; 1828, Isaac W. Moore, James Smith; 1829, R. J. Ayer, VVm F. Farrington, George D. Strout; 1830, Daniel Crockett; 1831, Moses Davis; 1832, Orin Bent, William Tripp; 1833, D. Stimpson; 1834, B. Bryant; 1835, Joseph Gerry; 1836, Benjamin Burnham, T. Greenhalgh; 1837, Benjamin Burnham, A. Fuller; 1838-9, H. L. Linscott; 1840, Joseph Milliken, 1841, Joseph Lull; 1842, Orin Bent; 1843, Dan Perry; 1844-5, Noah Hobart; 1846, Caleb Mugford; 1847, Dan Perry; 1848, David Copeland; 1849, Seth B. Chase; 1850, E. K. Colby; 1851, A. P. Sanborn; 1852-3, Asa Green; 1854, Levi Eldridge; 1855-6, Thomas Hillmau; 1857-8, Kinsman Atkinson; 1859-60, Samuel W. Russell; 1861, George W. Ballon; 1862-3, Alpha Turner; 1864, Francis Grovener; 1865, William Stout; 1866-7, Isaac Lord; 1868, Thomas Hillman; 1869, W. Wyman; 1870, J. T. Walker; 1871, James H. Mason; 1872, Ezekiel Smith; 1873, Thomas J. True; 1874, Fred M. Pickles; 1875, Sylvester D. Brown; 1876-77, Aaron Sanderson; 1878, John B. Fogg; 1879-80, Everett S. Stackpole; 1881, Hezekiah Chace; 1882-83, Robert E. Bisbee; 1884, supplied by R. Sanderson and P. C. Rogers; 1885-6-7, Samuel T. Record; 1888-9-90, O. S. Pilsbury. The Baptist Church of Lisbon Falls. ^ — This church was organized July 1, 1858. In answer to a request of brethren and sisters, a council was convened of delegates from the Baptist churches of Lewiston, Bowdoinham, South Bowdoin, Topsham, and in Brunswick. The council was organized by choosing Deacon Thomas Wilson, moderator, and Philip A. Briggs, clerk. Letters were read from various churches recommending to fellowship Edsil Webber, Philip G. Frost, Jeremiah Philbrook, David F. Shea, Margaret Coombs, Bridget Coombs, Delia Huskey, Elizabeth Andrews, Mary Ham, Asenith Goodwin, Parna R. Batchelder, Margaret Ham, Eunice Frost, and Mehitable Neal. Articles of faith and practice having been read and assented to by them, it was voted that the service of recognition be held at two o'clock P.M., July 1, 1858, when this programme was carried out: Reading of 1 By John H. Dearing. 454 History of Androscoggin County. Scriptures, Rev. J. Hutchinson; opening prayer, Rev. John Lewis; sermon. Rev. George Knox; prayer of recognition, Rev. J. Hutchinson; hand of fellowship, Rev. Moses Hanscom; charge to the church, Rev. Moses Hanscom. After its organization this little band of 14 labored on, receiving occasional additions, and in June, 1863, numbered 22 members. They enjoyed occasional preaching till April, 1859, when Rev. L. P. Gurney became stated supply, and preached one-fourth of the time for one year. Rev. C. Ayer then preached part of the time for nine months, commencing in June, 1860. The pulpit was filled occasionally till February, 1862, when Rev. George E. Tucker became stated supply for two years. The first year one-fourth, and the second one- half of the time. Rev. W. E. Noyes preached one-half the time for one year commencing March, 1864. The first settled pastor was Rev. S. W. Avery, who commenced his labors in June, 1865. He was a deep thinker, a wise counselor, and a sound and able preacher. He died suddenly at Lisbon Falls, December 17, 1875. During his ministry of a little over three years, 19 were added to the church. Rev. Sumner Estes was pastor from May 1, 1869, to April 1, 1871. Nine were added during that time. Preaching was had through the summer principally by Mr Fish, a Newton student. October 25, 1871, George R. Read, just graduated from Newton Theological Institute, was ordained as pastor. He was much beloved by the people, a faithful pastor, and a good preacher; 22 were added during his ministry. He continued in the work till December 30, 1876, when, on account of ill health, he resigned to go to California. For nearly a year there was no settled pastor, but meetings were held regularly and preaching was had most of the time. Rev. H. M. Heywood, of Liberty, began his pastorate November 25, 1877, resigned April 20, 1879. Charles H. Salsman, a Newton student, preached through the summer. Rev. James N. Studley was pastor from October 12, 1879, to April 3, 1881. J. H. Parshley, of Colby University, preached during the summer of 1881. The pulpit was supplied until November 12, 1882, when Rev. T. G. Lyons became pastor one year. January, 1884, Rev, E. S. Fish began his work, and was pastor till his death, February 17, 1886. He was a man whom to know was to love and respect. During the last four months of his life he was not able to preach much, and Rev. W. C. Barrows filled the desk most of that time, also for a number of weeks following. E. P. Hoyt, a Newton graduate, preached twice in June, 1886, and having accepted a call, was ordained July 15, 1886, and was i)astor one year when he resigned. Preaching was had every Lord's Day till October 23, 1887, when Rev. G. W. F. Hill, of St George, became pastor. During the pastorate of Mr Hill, one of the members, John L. Dearing, a graduate of Colby University and of Newton Theological Institution, was ordained as a foreign missionary in the chapel, June 25, 1889. The sermon was preached by Rev. James McWhinnie, D.D.; ordaining prayer. Rev. A. M. P. Small, D.D.; charge to candidate, President G. D. B. Pepper, of Colby Town of Lisbon. 455 University; hand of fellowship, Rev. C. C. Tilley. The services were very impressive. Mr Bearing started on his journey in October, and arrived at Yokahama, Japan, where he is now located, November 5, 1889. Mr Hill closed his pastorate April 27, 1890. Deacon W. D. Plumnier and others preached a number of times during the summer. In September Rev. F. A. Vinal commenced his pastorate. There have been 137 members connected with the church since its orgfani- zation ; the membership at the present time is 54. During the pastorate of Rev. S. W. Avery, the present house of worship was built, at a cost of about $1,200. It was dedicated May 25, 1866 ; in the summer of 1872 a tower was built, and a bell weighing 1,000 pounds was put in ; it was rung for the first time on the Fourth of July. The tower and bell cost about $500. In the spring of 1874, an addition of 18 feet was made to the chapel. The office of deacon was filled first by Jeremiah Philbrook, who was chosen September 24, 1863. He served the church faithfully for more than 22 years. Joseph H. Bearing was elected deacon, March 6, 1868. Weston D. Pluramer was chosen deacon, May 6, 1886. The two last are still in office. ClerkH. — William C. Hall served from July, 1858, to May, 1861 ; Jeremiah Philbrook till September, 1863, when George W. Coombs was chosen; he resigned August 6,1870, when S. W. Avery was elected, and served till his death, December 19, 1875. John L. Dearing was clerk from January 1, 1876, to March 5, 1881, when the present clerk, J. H. Dearing, was chosen. The Sabbath school compares favorably with others in town. A. J. West, H. C. White, George C. Wing, C. M. Hutchinson, J. Philbrook, J. H. Dearing, A. Hoyle, W. D. Plunimer, and L. L. Barrell have served as su})erintendents. The last named is now in office. The Roman Catholic Church. — The spiritual wants of the Roman Catholics of Lisbon (mostly French Canadians) were ministered to for some years by priests from Lewiston and Brunswick. In July, 1885, Fr H. J. McGill, from Lewiston, was placed in charge of the parish composed of 200 members of the church at Lisbon, 100 at Lisbon Falls, and 50 at Sabattus. Under his charge and by his zealous and efficient labors a neat and commodious church (St Anne's), with a parochial residence, was provided at Lisbon within a year, at an expense of $4,000. There has also since then been provided a church at Lisbon Falls, made read}^ for worsliip some two years ago. At Sabattus they have as yet no church. At present there are some 200 communicants at Lisbon and the same number at Lisbon Falls, with no increase at Sabattus. Fv McGill devotes his time and services among his several charges as follows: Every Sunday at Lisbon ; every alternate Sunday at Lisbon Falls, and the same at Sabattus. Plis labors have been rewarded by increased improvement among his flock spiritually and temporally. A society, composed of the married women of the church, and known as the "Ladies of St Anne," has been formed for pious purposes under the auspices of the church and is in a flourishing condition. 456 History of Androscoggin County. CHAPTER XXHI. Lisbon Business Interests — Traders, etc. — Farwell's Cotton Mills — The Farnsworth Company — New England Mineral Paint Company — Personal Sketches — Lisbon Falls — Worumbo Manufacturing Company — The Androscoggin Water-Power Company — Lisbon Falls Fibre Company — Lisbon Falls Co-operative Association — Lisbon Falls Creamery Association — Merchants, etc. — Personal Sketches. LISBON BUSINESS INTERESTS. — ^. M. Gernsh is the oldest trader. He has been in his present location as clerk with his father, the late Joshua Gerrish, as early as 1854, and afterwards as a partner with his younger brother, E. H. Gerrish (now a druggist in Lewiston), and since alone. He carries a large stock of dry and fancy goods, boots, shoes, and gents' furnishing goods. O. A. Jordan carries on a successful business in the store formerly occupied by his father, Hon. Charles B. Jordan. He deals in dry and fancy goods, ready-made clothing, boots and shoes, wall papers, and general stock of small wares. Lunt cj' Rose carry on a grocery and provision store, and also deal in corn and feed of all kinds, fertilizers and agricultural imple- ments and machinery. Ferdinand Beruhe. French grocery, successor to late firm of Sabourin & Beaudette. 0. D. Steele, dealer in groceries, dry goods, and notions. C. S. Newell., formerly at Lewiston, has lately opened a stock of groceries, etc., in the store in Central Block formerly kept by James W. Cornish. Mr Newell was for many years one of Lewiston's successful merchants, carrying on a boot and shoe store. Elmer T. Smith carries a large stock of first-class groceries, provisions, fruit, etc. He commenced business with small capital before he was of age, and has built up a thriving and pros- perous trade by energy, industry, and course of dealing. //. P. Thojnpson keeps a large assortment of drugs and medicines. He is a registered {)liar- macist of long experience, safe and reliable. Arthur Wakefield., dealer in watches, jeweliy, and silver ware, has built up a fine trade by his own efforts. Mm G. H. Foster., milliner}'. L. O. Ilohlnmn., machinist and veterinary surgeon. Albert Sutherland, blacksmith, horse-shoeing, and general work. Frank W. Neoens, blacksmith, carriage work a specialty, also worker in wood. Enoch Tebbetts, joiner and contractor. Tebbets Brothers, undertakers. W. B. Jordan, Lisbon Hotel, horses and carriages to let. Associations. — Sabattus River Lodge, No. 24, I. O. O. F. ; Berry Post, No. 10, G. A. R. ; Mishawum Lodge, No. 38, U. O. Pilgrim Fathers ; Lodge of N. E. O. P. ; Pine Tree Grange, P. of H. Town of Lisbon. 457 Sabattus river, seven miles in length, is the outlet of Sabattus pond, a sheet of water five miles long, two miles wide, and 30 feet deep. A dam at the outlet provides an ample and constant supply of water, and for a long distance the river is fed by springs issuing from its bed. Abundant power is furnished by this stream for the mills ijlong its course. These are: FarwelVs Cotton Mills, Lisbon, incorporated January 29, 1872, occupy the first and second powers. In 1873 N. W. Farwell had a cotton mill and a saw- mill on the first power, where a fall of ten feet gave 175 horse-power, used to run 3,136 spindles, with an annual production of 112,000 pounds (500,000 yards of 36-inch sheetings. 53 operatives were employed, to whom il,400 was paid monthly. The second power had a fall of 20 feet, giving 375 horse- power. Here Mr Farwell had just completed a brick cotton mill three stories high, 346 feet long and 52 feet wide, with a capacity of 12,000 mule spindles. In 1890 the company used 400 horse-power, driving four turbine wheels and 20,608 spindles, used 92,000 pounds of cotton monthly in making 300,000 yards of fine sheetings, 40, 45, and 48 inches wide, and employs 129 male and 112 female operatives, with a monthly pay-roll of $6,000. It has two auxiliary engines of 350 and 50 horse-power, a machine shop in a separate building, a saw-mill run by a turbine wheel of 25 horse-power, where 100,000 feet of lumber and 50,000 shingles are annually produced. The company has a ca[)ital of tf500,000. Nahum Chapin is president; John W. Farwell, treasurer; William H. Miles, agent. The Farnsworth Company, incorporated in 1868 with a capital of $50,000, occupies the power one mile below Farwell's, which is half a mile from the Androscoggin. Here Abner Coombs built a mill in 1804, and the power has been in use since. A company from Fall River, Mass., erected a cotton mill, just below the site of the Farnsworth Mill, in 1839, but the mill was burned in 1840, before the machiner}^ was put in, and the enterprise was abandoned. Cephas Farnsworth came from Norridgewock in 1825, and carried on a carding and dressing mill for some years before 1845. His son Josiah also carried on a saw-mill until 1863, when Benjamin B. Farnsworth, son of Cephas, formed a company and built the present Farnsworth Mill in 1864. The fall is 13 feet, affording 150 horse-power. In 1873 there was a brick mill containing six sets of machinery, employing 97 operatives, with a monthly pay-roll of $3,300, producing 222,700 yards of ^ woolens and repellent cassi- meres, annually. W. F. Milliken was treasurer; Augustus Callahan, agent. In 1890 one Rodney Hunt wheel, producing 102 horse-power, operated eight sets of cards, with fifty looms, employing 55 males and 35 females. The spinning department has 4,400 spindles. There is a steam engine of 80 horse- power, not in use, but kept as auxiliary power. The company manufactures fine wool flannels from Ohio and Michigan fleece wool and Australian and South American wool. The monthly production is 77,810 yards, and the 458 History of Androscoggin County. monthly consumption of wool 40,000 pounds. The officers are: S. M. Milliken, president; W. F. Milliken, treasurer; George W. Olney, agent; William H. Buckley, superintendent. In 1865 B. B. Farnsvvorth organized a company whicli built a paper mill a short distance below the Farnsworth Mill, on the next privilege, having a fall of 12 feet. This mill made a ton and a half of paper daily, and was sold in 1869 to a stock company of which Adna C. Denison, and Parsons Brothers of New York City, were chief members. They added to the machinery, and had just renewed work, when, July 1, 1870, an accidental fire destroyed the mill. This has not been rebuilt; the privilege is owned by the Farnsworth Company, and is not improved. New Emiland Mineral Paint Company. — Mineral paint was discovered in Lisbon in 1883 or 1884 by Edward N. Chamberlain, and the land was leased to W. B. Jordan and E. H. Caylor, who organized a stock company in 1885, under the name of the New England Mineral Paint Company. E. M. Shaw, of Nashua, N. H., John G. Tebbets, W. H. Miles, and W. B. Jordan, of Lisbon, were among the principal stockholders. In 1886 the company re-organized and chose W. B. Jordan, president; John G. Tebbets, treasurer, and C. W. Davis, agent, erected buildings, put in machinery and commenced operations, though with small success, and a new organization was formed in 1887, with W. B. Jordan, president; N. M. Neal, treasurer; John G. Tebbets, managing director. The company suspended business in 1888. The plant was then leased to E. M. Shaw, John G. Tebbets, and James Coulton, who, under the name of the Lisbon Paint Company, were building up a prosperous business when the works were burned July 10, 1880. Hon. Jesse Davis, son of Jonathan and Rebecca (Larrabee) Davis, was born in that part of Webster, now Lisbon, July 21, 1814. His grandfather, Jesse Davis, a native of Roxbury, Mass., came to Burnt Meadow (Webster) in 1780, to build mills and develop a settlement on the territory owned by his uncle, Dr Jonathan Davis, the improvements and a tract of land to be conveyed to him for his services. He died in 1792, from loss of blood caused by the ampu- tation of a leg made necessary by the breaking out of a wound received at the battle of Lexington. Hon. Jesse Davis was early a successful teacher, and later was a farmer up to the close of the Civil War, and since then has been interested in many kinds of business. In politics a Whig and Republican, he has been much in office, selectman 15 years, town treasurer 12 years, represen- tative to the legislature, state senator, justice of the peace from 1842 to the present time, six years county commissioner, beside other official positions. He was several years in the militia, ranking as ensign, lieutenant, and captain. He is a Universalist in religion, and has always been disposed to look upon the sunny side of life. He is one of Lisbon's leading and wealthiest citizens. One of his daughters is wife of Colonel F. W. Dana, of Lewiston. Town of Lisbon. 459 John Gr. Tehhets, son of Paul C. and Priscilla T. (Thompson) Tebbets, was born in Lisbon, July 12, 1823. His father was born in Soniersvvorth, N. H., in 1781. In 1812 he built a house in Lisbon on the spot where his son now resides. He died in Lisbon, September, 1861, at an age of more than 80 years. His wife was a daughter of Ezekiel Thompson. Mr Tebbets is a Democrat in politics, and an active, energetic, progressive business man. He has been a director of the Worumbo woolen mill at Lisbon Falls, and the Androscoggin Water-Power Company, and is also engaged in the manufacture of lumber. He has served his native town as a member of the board of selectuien, and has been town treasurer for the past four years. Charles IT. FosftT, M.I)., born in Bowdoin, January 27, 1844, received the educational advantages of Litchfield Academy and the medical department of Dartmouth (N. H.) College, where he was graduated in 1874. He entered into practice in Bowdoinham, but in June, 1875, located at Lisbon village, where he is now resident, and has built up a good practice. He takes interest in the matters of professional advance, and is prized as a citizen. He is a member of Androscoggin County Medical Association, is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a Republican. He married Adella A. Moore, of St Albans, and has one child, Roberto M. Augustus W. Potter., M.D.., son of William and Mary E. Potter, was born in Auburn, May 11, 1854. He was graduated at Hebron Academy in 1873, Bates College in 1877, Maine Medical School in 1884. He had formed friends in Lisbon, where he had taught school, and immediately after graduation, in June, 1884, located heie as a physician and continues in practice. The same year he married Selina Rhodes, of Lawrence, Mass. They have one child, Florence Iveigh. Dr Potter is active in the educational interests of the town, is a member of United Order of Pilgrim Fathers, of the Odd Fellows, and of the New England Order of Knights of Protection, and is Congregational in religious sentiment, Charles B. Jordan was born in Lewiston. His wife was a daughter of Captain Joseph Porter, of Freeport. Mr Jordan came to Lisbon in 1850, where he went into trade, and was a merchant up to the time of his death in January, 1886. He held various town offices, was representative two terms, and state senator two terms. He had three children: Elmer P. (a graduate of Bowdoin College, class of 1883, now a book publisher in St Louis, Mo.), Lizzie B., Charles Alton. Charles Alton Jordan, son of Charles B. and M. P. (Porter) Jordan, descends from four prominent families of this section — the Jordans, the Porters, the Garcelons, and the Dinglej'S. He is a graduate of Hebron Academy, and at the age of 18 became a member of the mercantile house of C. B. Jordan & Son, at Lisbon, thus becoming one of the youngest merchants of the county. He is an active Republican in politics, a Baptist in religion, a 460 History of Androscoggin County. prosperous trader, and is secretary of Sabattus River Lodge, I. O. O. F. He is held in high esteem. The store where he trades is one of the oldest in the county, and has been in the occupancy of his father and himself since 1850. Lisbon Falls. — A brisk village has been created here by the development of the magnificent water-power at this point, which has attracted live men who have built up large business houses. Several fine residences and numerous dwellings are in progress of erection in the summer of 1891, which is evidence of the steady growth of the place. If the advance of the last 10 years is continued, and the appearances indicate that it will be surpassed, a city will succeed the village at no distant period, and a water-works system and an electric light plant are things of the immediate future. Wonimho Mamifacturing Comjniyiy, Lisbon Falls, organized in 1864, had originally a capital of $250,000, which was increased in 1887 to 1500,000. Oliver Moses was the first president; Galen C. Moses, treasurer; F. Gutmann, agent. The first two were of Bath. The officers in 1891 are : George P. Slade, of New York, president; G. C. Moses, treasurer; F. Gutmann, of Lewiston, agent. In 1873 150 horse-power was used, 170 operatives employed, with a monthly pay-roll of -$6,500, 10 sets of cards were in operation, two turbine wheels, and two mills. The annual production was 120,000 yards of finished all-wool 4 beavers. The two mills were brick and first class. In 1890, 500 horse-power was used, 340 male and 110 female operatives employed, and the monthly pay-roll was $15,000. Three wheels are in use, two Hercules and one Leffel, and 21 sets of cards. 120,000 pounds of Montevideo and Australian wools are used in the manufacture of beavers, kerseys, cloakings, full indigo flannels, shetlands, chinchillas, flocconn^e goods, and 36,500 yards are produced. The capacity of the water-power is estimated at 5,063 horse- power. The mills have electric lights. Mr Frank Gutmann ended a service of 25 years as agent of this company, July 1, 1891. He has proved a valuable representative of the company's interests. He was succeeded by John Ballantyne, the late superintendent. The overseers of the company are: Thomas C. Rogers, wool-sorting, 26 years' service; William H. Schultz, finishing, 18 years' service; F. E. Greissinger, indigo-dyeing, 14 years' service; William Parkin, spinning, 14 years' service; Otis S. White, mechanic, 11 years' service; Fenton Haigh, weaving, eight years' service; Max Pierter, carding, eight years' service ; Emile Demuth, piece-dyeing, four years' service. William A. Brimijoin, for 12 years paymaster at the mills, was previously for three years book-keeper in the treasurer's office at Bath. The American Wool, Cotton and Finance Reporter says: "William Buerger, designer at Lisbon Falls, Me, is one of the most proficient designers in this country. He was educated in some of the best mills in Germany, and was for four years with the Utica woolen mills, Utica, N. Y., as assistant superintendent and designer. From there he went to the Globe Woolen Co., where he remained three years. He Town of Lisbon. 461 has been two years with the George H. Gilbert Manufacturing Co., Ware, Mass. He has also been superintendent at the Worunibo Manufacturing Co., Lisbon Falls. The Androscoggin Wafer-Power Co^npany^ Lisbon Falls, was incorporated in 1867, with a capital of ff!50,000. Oliver Moses, of Bath, was president; Galen C. Moses, treasurer; and Edward Plummer, agent. This company owns and operates a large saw-mill and a grist-mill. In 1873 the saw-mill, using 135 horse-power, taken from the Worumbo Manufacturing Company's privilege, employed 30 operatives, with a monthly pay-roll of -11,200 in the production of from 3,000,000 to 4,000,000 feet of lumber, and in the grist-mill below did custom grinding and an extensive business in corn meal and feed. In 1890 one Chase and one Stearns wheel are used, giving 1.50 horse-power, with which 5,000,000 feet of s})ruce, i>ine, hemlock, and oak lumber is annually produced. 45 hands are employed, and the monthly pay-roll is -f 1,800. The capital is now |;75,000. Galen C. Moses, of Bath, is president; F. H. Twitchell, of Bath, treasurer; Edward Plummer, agent. This company owns the first or upper privilege on Little River. The Lisbon Falls Fibre Company was organized April 9, 1889, with a capital stock of $250,000, and elected Elias Milliken of Augusta, president; F. C. Whitehouse of Topsham, treasurer; W. H. Parsons of New York, Elias Milliken, Galen C. Moses of Bath, David T. Rines of Portland, F. C. White- house of Topsham, directors. The Bowdoin Paper Manufacturing Company had purchased the water-])ower in 1887 and begun to build a dam. The new com[)any set to work vigorously and the first year constructed a dam, built of crib work filled with stone and sunk in 20 feet of water, without coffer-dams. Foundations for the pulp mill were also commenced in 1889. This was finished July 1, 1890, and is composed of five buildings, namely : the wood-preparing building, which is 46x68 feet, one story high; chemical building, 72x60, two stories high; digester building, 72x36, three stories high; machine building, 46x92, one story; boiler house, 46 x60, one story, all constructed of brick with hard-[)ine roofs, covered with the best New England gravel roof. The com- pany operates under the Partington, Retter, and Kellner patents, and the four digesters have a capacity of producing 16 tons of dry sulphite pulp in 24 hours. The machines for screening the pulp are considered the finest made. There are used three 72-inch tubular boilers of 125 horse-power each. A paper mill, consisting of two buildings, an engine room, 60x80, and a machine and finishing room, 200x60, was put up in 1890. In the engine room ai'e two of the largest size Home patent engines, and the paper machine is a 86-inch Fourdrinier, constructed to manufacture book papers. All the buildings of the pulp and paper mills are built for double the machinery in operation, and the product can be carried to 30 tons of dry pulp and 20 tons of paper per day. Electric lights are used. The whole plant is in successful operation, producing 462 History of Androscoggin County. monthly 700 tons of pulp and 250 tons of paper. The mills now use only one- fourth of the water-power owned by the company, which is the whole flow of the Androscoo-crin river. F. C. Whitehouse is treasurer and manager ; John Merriman, superintendent. The Lhhon Falls Co-operafive Associafioti, organized February 15, 1885, was incorporated March 21, 1885, with 23 members: Thomas Ellingsworth, Otis S. White, John Feltham, Fred Kirschner, Charles Schofield, R. Moschner, August Wonneberger, Charles Theilig, F. C. Lange, August Lange, Paul Willgeroth, August Stein, F. N. Lange, N. Mortimer, Albert Riskar, Harry Shaw, K. M. Small, Fenton Haigh, E. M. Holland, Joseph Riley, B. Fearnley, George Canham. Fenton Haigh was made president ; Otis S. White, treasurer; E. E. Gordon, secretary; Fenton Haigh, H. M. Small, F. C. Lange, George E. Hnskins, and August Lange, directors. The object of the association is "to co-operate in the purchase and distribution of general merchandise." In 1887 the association erected Co-operative Block, of two stories, on Main street, containing two stores, one occupied by the association store, the other by George R. Foster & Son. Dr Curtis and the Lisbon Ohst'vver have offices in the second story, as is also the hall used by the Knights of Pythias. The association originated in the winter of 1885, when, business being dull, the employes called a meeting at the house of John Feltham, January 19, 1885, to discuss economical matters. It was agreed by all that a co-operative store would benefit the community and an organization was effected, and Fenton Haigh, Charles Schofield, and E. M. Holland chosen a committee to perfect it. After several meetings operations were commenced. The permanent officers were chosen February 9. The shares were fixed at $5, and no one was allowed to take more than 20 shares. Six per cent, interest was paid, and a dividend to each member on the amount of his purchases. Business was started with a stock of 1790, and the first week's sales were $105. October 11, 1890, the stock was -18,855, and the sales are from $700 to |900 weekly. The 27 members at first have increased to 170; $13,500 have been paid in interest and dividends ; the average dividends have been from eight to nine per cent. The sales for the six months ending February G, 1891, amounted to more than $20,000. After putting aside funds for the permanent fund, a dividend of eight per cent, was declared. The sinking fund now amounts to $1,275. The officers for 1891 are: President, Fenton Haigh; second director. King M. Small; third director, R. Moschner; secretary, Albert Mortimer; first auditor, M. D. Leirney; treasurer, G. H. Whittier. TAe Lisbon Falls Creamery Association was formed as a stock company in 1889, and a factory built and equipped for operations in April, 1890, with all utensils for half a dozen cream-gathering routes and capacity to manufacture the product of 1,000 cows, at a cost of $2,500. The officers were : John G. Tebbets, president; C. L. Newell, secretary; L. L. Barrell, treasurer; A. J. Town of Lisbon. 463 Larrabee (Webster), U. A. Jack (Topsham), Joseph H. Davis (Durham), G. G. Wagg (South Lewiston), directors. This creamery is located on " the plains," on the Topsham road, half mile from Lisbon Falls station. Flourishing lodges of Free Masons, Odd Fellows, Good Templars, Knights of Pythias, Royal Arcanum, Golden C^ross, and W. C. T. U. are in existence and well supported. G-eorge R. Foster ryant, Nathaniel Dennett, Foster D. Wentworth, selectmen; James Bryant, clerk. ISSfi — John M. Maxwell, Foster D. Went- worth, Uriah Gray, selectmen; James Bryant, clerk. 1857 — Jonathan B. Jordan, Kingsbury Donnell, Charles R. Mitchell, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1858 — Jonathan B. Jordan, Kingsbury Donnell, Charles R. Mitchell, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1859 — Jonathan B. Jordan, Kingslniry Donnell, James Mann, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1860— Nathaniel Dennett, Omar I). Potter, John Whitten, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1861 —Nathaniel Dennett, Omar D. Potter, Cyrus Haskell, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1862 — Jesse Davis, Omar D. Potter, Cyrus Haskell, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 18(i3— Jesse Davis, Cyrus Haskell, James Hewoy, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1864 — Jesse Davis, Omar D. Potter, James Mann, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1865 — Jesse Davis, Omar D. Potter, James Mann, selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 1866 — James Bryant, James Mann, Kingsbury Donnell, Town of Webster. 477 selectmen; Augustus M. Cary, clerk. 18f)7 — James Bryant, Stetson L. Hill, Arthur Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1868 — James Bryant, Stetson L. Hill, Artliur Maxwell, selectmen; J. W.Maxwell, clerk. 18(59 —Kingsbury Donnell, John Eaton, George B. Haskell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1870 — Jonathan B. Jordan, A. Sanborn, Charles E. Garcelon, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1871 — Jonathan B. Jordan, A. Sanborn, Charles E. Garcelon, selectmen; J. VV. Maxwell, clerk. 1872 — Jonathan B. Jordan, D. D. Golder, James G. Jordan, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1873 — David Webber, D. D. Golder, James G. Jordan, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1874 — James G. Jordan, Jonathan B. Jordan, Stetson L. Hill, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1875 — David Webber, William Jordan, A. Philbrook, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1876— David Webber, R. D. T. Philbrook, W. H. Wright, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1877 — Jonathan B. Jordan, W. H. Wright, A. J. Larrabee, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1878 — W. H. Wright, A. J. Larrabee, R. D. Y. Philbrook, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1879 — W. H. Wright, R. D. Y. Philbrook, C. H. Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1880 — W. H. Wright, R. D. Y. Philbrook, C. H. Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1881— R. D. Y. Philbrook, A. J. Larrabee, Nelson Haley, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1882 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, James G. Jordan, Benjamin F. Dennison, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1883 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, James G. Jordan, Benj.F. Dennison, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1884 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, James G. Jordan, James Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1885 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, James G. Jordan, James Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1886— El. D. Y. Pliilbrook, James Maxwell, Benjamin P. Jordan, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1887 — R. D. Y. Philbrook, James H. Jordan, Benjamin P. Jordan, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clei'k. 1888. — Omar D. Potter, James H. Jordan, F. L. Sanborn, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1889 — Omar D. Potter, James H. Jordan, P. M. Spofford, selectmen; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1890 — Omar D. Potter, P. M. Spofford, Charles Bigelow, selectmen ; J. W. Maxwell, clerk. 1891 — Omar D. Potter, P. M. Spofford, Charles Bigelow, selectmen; J. W. Ma.xwell, clerk. CHAPTER XXV. Sabattus —Saw and Grist Mills — Niles's Mills— Webster Woolen Company — Traders, etc. — Sabattus Co-operative Association — Webster Corner — Farmers — Cliurches — Schools. SABATTIS, Sabatis, or Sabattus. '^ — This brisk village is at the foot of the lake from which it takes its name, and lies in the northwestern corner of the town. Robert Niles at one time owned nearly all the land in the vicinity of the village known as Niles's Mills. His saw and grist mills were the first, and for many years the only manufacturing industries. At one time he owned and operated two saw-mills and a grist-mill. After his death his sons, Robert, Jeremiah, Russell, and Hiram, conducted the business until they divided the estate. Jeremiah, a joiner by trade, carried on one of the saw-mills iThis name, generally supposed to be an Indian one, is in reality a corruption of Jean Baptiste, a favorite name among the French Canadians, and given by the early French missionaries to Indian converts as a baptismal name. There is no standard orthography for the name as it has been handed down to us in its changed form, every one spelling it according to his fancy — Sebattus, Sebattis, Sabattis, Sabattus, or Sabatis. The United States authorities named the post-office Sabattus, and this spelling some give to the lake and village. Another favorite spelling is Sabatis. 478 History of Androscoggin County. for a while. Jeremiah's son, Joseph M. Niles, has been a harness manufacturer since 1857, and is now in company witli his son, Amasa W. The water-power, given by a succession of falls, was early ai)preciated, and nearly 100 years ago saw and grist mills were built on the fall of 12 feet (called the first privilege) by the early settlers, Robert Ross, Robert Niles, and others. They were poor affairs, but served the wants of the settlers and lasted many years. They were rebuilt in 1844 by Captain John Lombard and Captain Samuel Watts. In 1864 John Burt purchased the grist-mill and Reuben Drinkwater the saw- mill. In 1881 Retiah D. Jones bought Drinkwater's interest and built the grist-mill he now occupies. Burt sold the grist-mill to Given Jamison and Luther Lombard, who built a grist-mill and later a cotton mill which passed into the ownership of James Hearst, and was sold by David Cowan, his admin- istrator, in 1882 to John Harper who commenced woolen manufacture. In 1888 this also became the property of R. D. Jones, who has allowed it to remain unused. Mr Jones has been in business here since 1845. He then opened a store which he conducted 28 years, and has since been prominently connected with the development of the place. He says that, when he came, " two stores, whose owners swapped horses and sold new rum, molasses, and tobacco, and the old Niles Mills comprised the entire business interests of the place." He now transacts a business of -$25,000 annually. Webster Woolen Oompany. — This company has a most advantageous location with a water privilege consisting of the entire outlet of Lake Sabattus, whose four miles of area is confined and enlarged by a solid dam, and whose reservoir can be considerably increased, and two falls of 14 and 12 feet respectively. The shipping facilities are also most excellent, the railroad running into the yard of the mill. These things combined with the pure water, healthfnlness of climate, and other advantages, place this company in a situation to make the best possible fabrics and place them readily in the market. The mills of this company give employment to about 250 operatives, and have done much towards building up the thriving village, and are largely owned by capitalists of keen shrewdness and financial ability residing out of the state. The mills are large brick structures known as Mill No. 1 and Mill No. li. Mill No. 1 was built on a fall of 12 feet, in 1860, by Captain Luther Lombard and R. D. Jones, on the site of the old-time saw-mill of John Cushing. This was enlarged in 1864 and operated successfully by James Hearst, a practical woolen manufacturer of experience and energy but of reckless habits and extravagant manner of life. In 1867 Hearst went into bankruptcy, and the mill, after passing through the hands of several owners, was purchased about 1875 by Robert Bleakie & Co., of Hyde Park, Mass., and John S. Bleakie became manager. Good work was done and a successful business conducted. July 1, 1889, the Webster Woolen Company was organized with 1100,000, and Charles Bigelow, of Boston, an incorporator of Town of Webster. 479 the company, became general manager, and under his personal supervision the higli character of the product is maintained and the amount steadily increased. The company manufactures fancy cassinieres, using about 3,500 pounds of American wool daily. Mill 1^ was built in 18G9 on the second power of Sabattus river, on the site of one of the first woolen mills in the county (built in 1846 by a Levviston company, among which William R. Frye and Dr Alonzo Garcelon were prominent). This was burned in 1856, and in 1869 the present mill was built by R. D. Jones. It was conducted by him until 1881 when it was purchased by Robert Bleakie & Co., and is now the property of the Webster Woolen Company, and operated by it. Two four-feet Rodney Hunt water wheels and a 60 horse-power engine furnish power at Mill No. 1, and a 40 horse-power engine is in use at Mill No. 1^. 180 male and 70 female operatives are emplo^'-ed; 150 of them at Mill No. 1, and 100 at Mill li. The pay-roll amounts to over $100,000 yearly. Seven months of the year heavy- weight goods are made, the product being 7,000 yards f width. During the remaining five months, light-weight goods are produced, the product being from 8,000 to 9,000 yards f width. Charles A. Amback is superintendent of Mill No. 1, and J. Frank Vose of Mill No. 1^. Both are experienced woolen workers, and the character of the product is above criticism. This second power has a fall of 14 feet, and here was built a saw-mill in 1867 and a man- ufactory of "excelsior" was connected with it for some years. J. Frank Vose now owns this property, and it does good business both as a saw and giist mill. Charles A. Ambaek, son of Frank H. and Caroline Amback, was born in Greiz, German3% March 8, 1842, and came to America with his father in 1856. He had learned hand-loom weaving before he left Germany, and learned power-loom weaving in Pittsfield, Mass. From 1866 to 1873 he worked in the Worumbo Mills at Lisbon Falls, and from 1873 to 1875 was foreman of the weave-room in the mill at Sabattus under J. S. Bleakie as superintendent, and has been superintendent since Mr Bleakie purchased the mill in 1875. Mr Amback is an Advent in his religious preferences, an Independent in politics, tied to tlie platform of no political party, but supporting the man who will best serve the interests of the people. Edwin Woodside, son of Calvin and Emily (Whittum) Woodside, was born in Wales, June 2, 1840, was educated in the common schools of Wales and at the Maine State Seminary. He then taught school two years, traveled in the West for four years, lecturing on astronomy. In 1869 he went into trade in Sabatis, and has prospered in business and now has three stores, one a grocery, hardware, and boot and shoe store, one a drug store, and one a millinery and fancy goods store, business amounting to $20,000 a year. He is a Republican in politics, and is postmaster. He has been supervisor of schools in Webster, and a member of the common council of Lewiston. He married Sarah A. Wadlin, of Northport, in January, 1871. They have one son, Tileston. 480 History of Androscoggin County. G. W. Sawyer has been in business in Sabattus for 13 3'^ears. He keeps groceries and dry goods, and does over |5,000 worth of business a year. Benjamin F. Denniwu, son of Benjamin L. and Lucy (Brown) Dennison, of Freeport, was born in that town June 28, 1846. A pioneer of the family, who emigrated from England in 1767, located in Freeport early. Mr Dennison has been in trade 16 years in Sabattus ; he bought out C. C Crockett, October 8, 1874, and married Alma Goddard October 18, located at Sabattus and commenced business November 23, with a small stock of groceries and provisions, and some small wares and fancy goods. He was a good financier, a faithful trader, was popular with his customers, and with the aid of his capable wife, in five years was able to purchase two building lots, and erected a fine residence, store, and stable. Besides conducting merchandising, Mr Dennison has been prominent in town affairs, etc. He was appointed post- master at Sabattus, November 4, 1885, and continued until June 31, 1890 ; he was chosen a director of the Sabattus Mountain Creamery Corporation of Wales, in December, 1885, re-elected for four years, was chosen agent in 1886, agent and treasurer in 1887, and held these offices until December 25,1889: he has also been agent for the village, schools, and had the buildings and schools in good working order prior to the adoption of the town system, and was an efficient road agent for two years. Mr Dennison is a Democrat in politics, a Free Baptist in religious belief, and one of the enterprising, pros- perous citizens of the town. Sabattus Co-operative Asi^ociatioii was organized October 1, 1886, and incor- porated November 3, 1886. It commenced operations with 80 members and $1,000 capital, and now carries on trade where it began. The association now has about 130 members, and a capital of over 'f4,200. An account of stock is taken every six months, and after paying six per cent, on the capital stock, a dividend, usually from eight to 13 per cent, is declared to trading- members on the amount of their purchase. M. C. Webber was general super- intendent of the store until 1891. There are several other business houses, two physicians (Frank E. Sleeper, M.D., located here in 1870 — see page 255), one lawyer, two churches, a good grammar and primary school, masonic and other societies, a railroad station, and several pleasant residences. Three religious organizations. Free Baptists, Adventists, and Roman Catholics, hold regular meetings. Wehater Corner (Webster post-office) is near the south line of the town, where legislation has taken a small square from Lisbon to add to Webster, and, in the early settlement, was the center of business, its post-office in 1826 having the third amount of receipts in the county — i|53. Here is the fourth power of Sabattus river, and on its magnificent fall of 18 feet Jesse Davis, in 1780, built the first saw and grist mills of the town. While the town was being settled, and while manufacturing was carried on, business activity was Town op Webster. 481 considerable, but the power is unapplied to any use, and the railroad did not come nearer than Lisbon, and there is now but a small liamlet with one store. A meeting-house was built here in 1827 by the Baptists and Universalists. It later came into possession of the Ijaptists, whose society was composed of members from Lisbon and this part of Webster, but no religious services have been regularly held by this society for many years. The Spiritualists have quite an active organization with services held regularly. Among the resident farmers in the southwest part of the town who are worthy of mention are: Kingsbury Donnell, who has been prominent in town affairs, justice of the peace, selectman for many years, and often chairman of the board, and Omar D. Potter, father of Colonel Noel B. Potter, county treasurer, who has also served long on the board of selectmen and is the present chairman, which position he has held since 1888. He also represented the town in the legislature of 1872. Jerry Crowle// iSpoford, son of Calvin and Lydia A. (Wentworth) Spofford, is a native of Webster, as were his parents. He is grandson of Phineas Spofford, who came to Webster some time prior to 1788, and settled on the farm now occupied by his grandson, Phineas M. Spofford,^ and great-grandson of Foster Wentworth, who settled in Lisbon about 1791, on the farm now owned by John L. Davis. He is a Republican in politics. He has taught school, been a member of the school committee, is a member of Lewiston Grange, No. 2, and one of the enterprising farmers of his town. Frank L. Sanhorn, son of David S. Sanborn, late of Wales, is a farmer and fruit grower. He occupies the farm about one mile southerly of Sabattus, on the road leading to Lisbon. His grandfather, Benjamin, purchased tliis farm about 00 years ago, of Samuel True, an early settler and captain of a militia company in the War of 1812. Since its purchase the farm has been in the Sanborn family. Mr Sanborn is one of Webster's energetic and valuable citizens. Beacon Samuel Cotton BuJcer, of Webster, is a native of Bowdoinham, where his parents, Caleb and Lydia (Coombs) Buker, were born. He married Sybil Cook, of Madrid. The Buker and Cook families were early settlers of Bowdoinham and Madrid. Deacon Buker is a Republican in his politics, and a Free Baptist in his religious preferences, and has been deacon of the church of that denomination for several years. He is a "tiller of the soil," and has a fine farm, in excellent condition, having a good water supply and a large fruit orchard. It is conveniently situated for church and post-office, either at Webster or Sabatis. Mrs Buker died October 0, 1887. Their children are : Malcom F., married Susie Cole, of Gardiner, and resides on the farm; Marshall D. (dec.) ; Fred M., was educated at Bates College ; and Eva F., a teacher. 1 Three of this family, Sergeant David Spofford, Moody and Greeuleaf Spofford, privates, were in the War of 1812. 482 History of Androscoggin County. WiUard M. RoUnson, born in Webster in 1841, is fifth in descent from Bryant Robinson, who came from the north of Ireland and settled in Bath, in 1738. John and William came in 1805, and settled on the farm now occupied by WiUard M., who manied Mary A. Jenkins, of Wales. Their daughter, Ano-ie L., was born in 1867. Mr Robinson is a Republican in politics. Besides the management of his farni, he does considerable carriage painting and repair- ing. He is a member of and an active supporter of the Grange. Herhert J. CarviU, son of Ezra R., and Dorcas A. (Jordan) Carvill, was born in Wales, in 1855. When he was three years old his parents moved to Lewiston, where they now reside, and Mr Carvill remained until he was 20 years old, liaving the benefit of its educational advantages. He then attended J^itchfield Academy, and took a four years' course at Kent's Hill, teaching school winters. He married Addie A. Campbell, of Litchfield Corners, and now carries on a farm and teaches school winters. He is a Republican politically, was collector and treasurer of Webster from 1884 to 188U, and in 1891. In 1890 he was chosen chairman of the superintending school com- mittee. He is secretary of South Lewiston Grange. Baptist Church. — This cluirch was constituted with twenty members as the fruits of the occasional ministry of Elders Potter and Macomber in 1794. At a town meeting held November 7, 1796, the clerk recorded: "It was voted to support the gospel agreeably to law in the Baptist order. Twenty-six votes of the Baptist order, eight votes of the Congregational order." In 1822 this church had lapsed and a new organization was demanded. The following application was made : To Benjamin H. Mace, Esq., one of the Justices of the Peace for the County of Lincoln: Sir: We, the subscribers, being desirous of incorporating ourselves into a parisb or religious society, humbly request you to issue a warrant to some one of our number directing him to notify the remainder of us to meet at some suitable place for the purpose of incorporating ourselves into a parish or religious society to be known by such name and style as we shall hereafter see fit to adopt. Dated at Lisbon this 6th day of September, 1822. Samuel Bearing, Peter Garcelou, Dennis Deariug, Joshua Jordan, Robert Jordan, Joshua Robinson, Valentine Jordan, John Gushing, Jeremiah A. Niles, William Eaton, Samuel True, Mark Garcelon, Charles Farrow, Edward Drinkwater, John Ross, Sewell Farrow, Thomas Alexander, Joshua Flaley, Reuben Farrow, Asa Sawyer, Josepli R. Niles, WiUiam Golder, Jr, Aaron Hamilton, Samuel Ramsdell, John D. Ricker, Solomon Bangs. September 18, in accordance with this request. Esquire Mace issued a warrant to Samuel True, directing him to notify the remainder of the applicants to meet at some suitable time and place. Mr True named the school-house in District No. 6 as the place, and Saturday, September 21, as the time. At the meeting it was decided to adopt the name of the First Baptist Religious Society in Lisbon. John Ross was chosen moderator, and Samuel True, clerk. The meeting then adjourned to September 30. At the adjourned Town of Webster. 483 meeting, Peter Garcelon, Edward Drink water, and John Ross were elected assessors; Samuel True, treasurer; Mark Garcelon, collector; Joshua Haley, John Ross, and Samuel True, standing committee. It was voted to raise ilGO for the support of the gospel for one year from the first of January next. Peter Garcelon, Joshua Robinson, and Samuel True were instructed to draw a plan for a meeting-house, and present it to the society on Monday, October 28, when the plan was presented, and Captain Edward Drinkwater chosen auctioneer to sell the pews. Pew No. 30 was struck off to Thomas Alexander for -137.50; No. 12 to Samuel Bearing, .^37; No. 28 to Joshua Haley, |36; No. 34 to Reuben Farrow, 140; No. 32 to John Gushing, |37; No. 10 to Sylvanus Dyer, -^36; No. 14 to Samuel Ti-ue, i37; No. 16 to James McFarlind, 137; No. 8 to William Jordan, -f 36 ; No. 26 to Valeutiue Jordan, $36; No. 24 to Samuel Dearing, $35 ; No. 6 to Joshua Robinson, -132 ; No. 4 to Robert Jordan, |30; No. 15 to John Gushing, $27; No. 40 to Elias Merrill, $27; No. 39 to Jacob Anderson, $27; No. 38 to John Gushing, $30; No. 33 to John Ross, $25; No. 17 to John Farrow, $27; No. 11 to Edward Drinkwater, $30; No. 9, to William Eaton, $33. Thomas Alexander, John Ross, Samuel Dearing, and Samuel True were chosen a committee to superintend the building of the meeting-house. Later in the same year, pews were sold to Aaron H. Mills, Samuel True, William Golder, John D. Ricker, Simeon Ricker, Peter Garcelon, Samuel Dearing, and Henry Hamilton. The meeting-house, finished in 1824, was built of wood and stood upon an elevation in the northwest part of the town about one mile from Sabattus village, and was used for religious purposes until 1870. This society was the First church until 1836, wlien it was. re-organized as Lisbon Corner church, and in 1843 as the Second Webster church. Its early days, under Rev. Ichabod Temple and Elder Cole, from 1797 to 1806 when Mr Tein})le resigned, were its most prosperous ones. In 1817, Rev. Daniel Pierce was licensed, and in 1819, ordained. Rev. James Stuart, Elder Pierce, Rev. S. Owen, and Rev. Mr Hooper officiated here until 1825, but the records are not explicit as to time or length of labors. For the next decade only occasional preaching was had, then Rev. Jotham Day, and later. Rev. A. Lothrop, rendered valuable service. In 1843 the membership was 43. A new meeting-house was built in 1856, in a beautiful location in Sabattus village, and Rev. Leander S. Tripp became pastor. The last regular pastor was Rev. Erwin Dennett, but Rev. Robert Scott, of Greene, lield services until the church lost its visibility some years since. The meeting-house has been occupied by the Adventists since the formation of their society in 1885. The Free Baptht>i have possessed quite a strength here. February 12, 1831, 19 of the brethren and sisters of the village of Sabattus met and made choice of Elder Jonathan Tracy as moderator, and James VV^eymoutli secretary. They voted to be embodied into a cliurcli, and on March 5 the right lumd of fellow- 484 History of Androscoggin County. ship was extended by Elder Thorn, and James Weymouth was elected clerk; David Graffam and Samuel Maxwell were chosen deacons. Voted to hold monthly conferences the second Saturday in each month. These persons were formed into a church: James Weymouth, Mary Weymouth, Samuel Maxwell, Aaron H. Niles, Betsey Niles, Timothy Jordan, Mrs C. A. Jordan, William Eaton, Philenia Eaton, Sally Dyer, Anna Mitchell, Lucy Lowell, Stephen Lake, Anna Gushing, David Stewart, Jemima Hobbs, Malinda Lake, Julia Wright, David Graffam, Betsey Graffam, Abigail Richardson, Isaac Stewart, Samuel Lane, Charles Maxwell, Lovina Maxwell, Nancy Maxwell, and 18 others (names not recorded). In 1840 a fine meeting-house was built and a bell was later added by the generosity of Captain Luther Lombard. Regular services have been maintained and some resident pastors have been employed, but of late years most of the preaching has been done by students of Cobb Divinity School of Bates College. The following have ministered to this church: Jonathan Tracy, Mark Getchell, Allen Files, Gideon Perkins, William Gowell, Albert Purington, Isaac Libby, Moses Tarbox, Asa F. Hutchinson, Levi Brackett, James Boyd, Albert Heath, William Stinson, Andrew Buck, E. G. Eaton, Lewis Dexter, H. J. White, C. L. Frost, H. Z. Besse, Ira Emery, E. S. Stackpole, Josiah M. Remick, C. C. Foster, W. H. Gatchell, E. Z. Whitman, W. P. Curtis, and B. S. Fifield. Tlie present membershi}) is about 45. Samuel C. Buker is deacon, and Charles H. Maxwell, clerk. Schools. — Samuel Simmons was one of the first to give elementarj^ instruc- tion, and he was followed by well educated members of the Fames family. Joseph Sanborn, a rigid disciplinarian, taught that "order was Heaven's first law " ; Rachel Davies, Mary Ellis, and Paulina Ann Bryent, daughter of Benjamin D. Bryent, Sen., who had acquired many accomplishments at a Portland school, also Reuben Rand, of Lewiston, were among the educators in the days of Auld Lang Syne. In 1888 the town system was adopted. During the spring and fall of 1890 there were kept the following schools : Village Grammar, Village Primary, Fisher, Jordan, Furbush, Center, Maxwell, Mountain, Ricker ; in the winter of 1890-91 — Village Free High, Village Primary, Fisher Free High, (H. J. Carvill, teacher,) Jordan, Center, Furbush, Ricker, Mountain, Maxwell. An evening school, under the charge of Prescott Keyes, Jr, teacher of the Village High School, was largely attended. This gave the mill operatives an opportunity for education, of which they gladly availed themselves. The superintending school committee were H. J. Carvill, F. L. Sanborn, J. C. Spofford. The school census of 1890 shows 273 scholars in town between the ages of 4 and 21 years. The attendance of each term has been as follows : Spring term 185, with an average of 152. Fall term 204, with an average of 16L Winter term 175, with an average of 147. The above attendance does not include the Webster corner scholars who attended the Lisbon schools. Town of Wales. 485 WALES. By John C. Fogg, Esq. CHAPTER XXVI. Organization — Surface and Soil — Settlements and Settlers — Churches — Schools — Water-powers, Llills, and Manufactures — Civil List and Town Records — Action in the Rebellion. ORGANIZATION. — This town, including Monmouth, was known prior to 1792 as the plantation of Wales. At that date the northern portion was set off and incorporated as Monmouth. In April, 1803, the remainder was incorporated as the plantation of Wales, and chose as its first officers, Joseph Small, Enoch Stroiit, and John Andrews, assessors, and Joseph Small, clerk. At its first meeting $50 were voted for plantation expenses, $150 for schools, and a like sum for roads. February 1, 1816, the town of Wales was incor- porated, and at the first meeting Joseph Small, David Plummer, and Arthur Given were chosen selectmen and assessors, and Joseph Small, town clerk. In 1851 a small portion of Leeds and Monmouth, which includes the territory around Leeds Junction, was annexed to Wales, and prior to this date a portion of Litchfield, consisting of one tier of lots, had been annexed to Wales on the east. The settlers acquired the title to their lands from proprietors who held under the old Plymouth Company, that owned a strip ten miles wide on each side of the Kennebec. Surface and Soil. — The surface is quite broken. There is an elevation of land in the southern portion, extending into Webster, 814.5 feet above the sea, as determined by the U. S. coast survey, which has a station here. This mountain affords an extended and fine view of the surrounding country. With a good glass Portland can be seen from its summit. This elevation is Sabattis mountain, the name (as also that of Lake Sabattis, west of it) being taken from a noted Indian chief (according to tradition) killed in battle by Captain Church at the head of this lake, and his body buried near the pond. Other authorities sa}^ his body was thrown into the lake. This mountain has a cave on its eastern slope which never has been fully explored. It was formed, evidently, by some convulsion of nature, which separated the rock, leaving a cavity in places as large as a large-sized room, but very irregular in shape. Its discovery was made by early settlers while in pursuit of a bear, which took refuge in its dark recesses. Some fine specimens of red ochre are 486 History of Androscoggin County. found here. Iron ore is found in this mountain. The soil of Wales is good, well adapted to the growing of corn, potatoes, grains, and grass. SeftJements and Settlers. — There is some uncertainty as to the first settle- ment. Some authorities place it in 1773, while others say a few years later. From the best information obtainable, the writer is of the opinion that James Ross was the first settler, coming from Brunswick about 1778. He settled on the western slope of Sabattis mountain, where he resided until his death. This farm was occupied by his son-in-law, Isaac Witherell, until his death, August 15, 1890, at the age of 80 years, and is now owned and occupied by Isaac M. Witherell, only son of Isaac. Patrick Kernan came next, in 1779, and settled in the eastern part. It is not known from where he came, but his name suggests Irish extraction. Reuben Ham, Jonathan and Alexander Thompson came from Brunswick about 1780, and took up places in the north part; the former the farm where Isaac Ham died, February 24, 1891 ; it is now occupied by his daughter, Mrs Beckler. Benjamin and Samuel Weymouth, James, Stephen, and Thomas Gray, and William Remick came between 1780 and 1785. Richard Thompson moved from Brunswick in 1786, and settled in the north part of the town, on the farm now occupied by Widow Robert Sawyer. Stephen and John Andrews came from Brunswick in March, 1788, and located near Richard Thompson's. Richard and James Labree came in 1789 and settled on the farm south of John Andrews, subsequently owned by Daniel M. Labree, son of James, who died in November, 1803. It is now owned by Daniel P. Boynton, but it is unoccupied. One of D. M. Labree's daughters married Laurel G. Thompson and resides on a lot taken from the south side of the farm. John Andrews came prior to 1789. His farm is now owned by his grandson, John C. Andrews. John Ham and his sons, John, Samuel, Clement, and Reuben, came from York county about 1790, and took farms in the west part, on what was later called the Pond road. John settled on the farm after- wards owned by Joshua Hanscom, Benjamin Vining, J. W. Foss, A. F. Strout, Isaac Gatchell, and now occupied by Joseph Wight, but soon removed to the farm now owned by Orestus A. Bronson, near Leeds Junction. Clement settled on the farm now owned by Hugh Mottram, and soon removed to Greene. Reuben settled in the northwesterly corner, and was killed by a falling tree in 1808. Joseph Small and Bartholomew Jackson came from Limington in 1791. Mr Small settled on a farm near the center of the town, which was subse- quently owned by liis son, Isaac S. Small, now by T. W. Ham, a son-in-law of Isaac S. Small. Mr Small had eight sons and five daughters, one son and two daughters now living. He was prominent in plantation and town affairs, and served as plantation clerk 13 years, town clerk 19 years consecutively, and selectman and treasurer several years. Isaac S., his oldest son, who lived and died on the homestead, held various town offices, also the positions of surveyor- Town of Wales. 487 general of the state, inspector of the state prison, and was a member of the executive council. He was extensively engaged in land surveying in the northern section of the state for many years, and was a director of the Mon- mouth Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Mr Small had a son and a daughter. The son died young. The daughter (Mrs T. W. Ham) resides on the home- stead. Joel, son of Joseph, settled on the farm adjoining that of his father on the north, and for many years was engaged in ship-building as master builder for parties in Gardiner, Pittston, and Dresden, and largely for the Coopers of Gardiner. He represented Wales in 1843 and 1844, and subsequently moved to East Somerville, Mass. After several years he returned to Wales, where he died in 1886 at the residence of his son-in-law, John C. Fogg, at the age of 91 years. His wife was 91 years old at her death, and survived him four years. Joseph settled in Newport, where he died several years since. Daniel, a Baptist minister, preached in Thomaston and other places in Maine, moved to Wis- consin and then to Kansas, where he died in 1872. Otis was a brick mason, contractor and builder for some years in Bangor, and later removed to St John, N. B., where he was engaged extensively in building and running steamboats from the St John's. Alvin E. Small was the most widely known of this family. He was born in Wales, March 4, 1811, became a homoMipathic physi- cian, settled in Philadelphia, Pa., and moved from thence to Chicago, where he died some two years ago. He deserves the credit of having worked his way unaided to the eminent position he occupied. He traveled extensively in Europe, wrote several medical works (some of which have been translated into German), contributed largely to leading medical journals, and occu[)ied for man}^ years the chair of theory and practice in Hahnemann Medical Col- lege of Chicago. He was the first native of Wales who became a phvsician. William is a merchant and resides in Fort Fairfield. George died you no-. Two daughters, Hannah Given and Mary Moody, are yet living. Joseph Murch came from Gorham, Me, in 1792, and settled on a farm near Joseph Small's, subsequently owned by Joel Small. His house and three children were destroyed by fire. This is the only house known to have been burned in Wales. John Larrabee came from Scarborough about 1792, and settled on the farm now owned by Joseph W. Sawyer. He had four sons; Stephen and John settled in Bath and engaged in ship-building, Philip and Daniel settled in Wales and were engaged for a number of years in cutting ship-timber in Virginia and Marjdand. Daniel and Ebenezer Small came from Limington in 1793, and settled near the center of the town. Charles Collins afterward settled on Eben Small's farm. Daniel was the father of Joseph, and his place adjoined his son's on the south. At the age of 19, while living with his parents at Castine, he was taken captive by the Indians, held by them 11 months, and sold as a prisoner to a French colonel at Quebec, where he remained until its capture by General 488 History of Androscoggin County. Wolfe. David, Adron, and Tsaiali Jenkins settled in the northeastern part of the town, on farms now occupied by their descendants. Isaac S. Jenkins lives on the farm of David, and the family of Lawson W. Jenkins on the farm of Isaiah. David came from Monmouth in 1703. He had 13 children, but one of whom now resides in Wales. Two of the sons, Samuel and Abner, served in the War of 1812. Isaac S. Jenkins had one son, Hiram, in the Union army during the Rebellion. He died in service, October 19, 186-1. James Clark and James Wilson settled in the northwestern part of the town in 1798, Clark on the farm now owned by his son llobert H. on the Pond road. Captain Enoch Strout came from Limington in 1790 or 1797, and settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, Charles W. Strout. He was a soldier in the War of the Revolution and the first militia captain chosen in town. His son William served in the War of 1812, and subsequently settled on a farm near the center of the town, north of Joel Small's farm. This farm is now owned by Robert C. Jones. The Joel Small farm is now owned by A. M. Donnell. Sewall C. Strout, son of Eben Strout and grandson of Enoch, is a native of Wales, who occupies a prominent position at the Cumberland bar. Joshua Adams came from Gorham and cleared the farm now owned by Luther D. Ricker. Luther and Wentworth Lombard moved from Gorham and settled in the central part of the town on the farm now owned by Almond Lombard. Matthew Higgins came fi'om Gorham in 1798, and settled on the farm now owned by Luther Lombard and Walter E. Webster. Joseph Foss came from Scarborough in 1799, and settled on the farm now owned by Joseph Wight, lived there several years, and probably died there. Obed Hobbs, Simonds Gatchell, Benjaniin Tibbets, and Elijah Morton came about 1797 and settled in the central part of the town. William Given came from Brunswick in 1798 and took up a farm in the western part, lived for some years in a log house, and then built a large two- story house and occupied it until his death, after which it was owned by his son Philip. Of William's 11 children none are living. One of his sons, William, was a soldier in the War of 1812. One of his daughters married Captain John Lombard, who was a successful ship-master for many years, and died in Gardiner. Another daughter married a sea-captain. Philip, who lived on the homestead, had four sons and one daughter. The sons have followed a seafaring life to some extent. The oldest son. Freeman L., was master of a ship for many years. The daughter now lives in Monmouth. The farm is now owned by Orville S. Jones. Arthur Given, Sen., came from Brunswick in 1798, and opened the first public house in town on the farm adjoining his brother's on the south. He was appointed the first postmaster, and held the office so long as he was competent to perform its duties. His son, Arthur, was then appointed to the office and held it during his active life. His daughter Elizabeth was his successor and held it till her death, and after an interval Town of Wales. 489 of two years Mrs Hattie L. Given, the present incumbent, was appointed. The office has been kept continuously in the dwelling-house of Arthur Given, Sen., since the mail route was established. Arthur Given, Jr, had three sons and one daughter. Lincoln and Arthur are Free Baptist ministers. Arthur is a graduate of Bates College. John was station agent on the Maine Central Railroad at Lewiston for many years. John and James VVitlierell came from Berwick in 1800. James settled in the eastern part of the town. John settled on the farm now owned by R. C. Jones. John was a quartermaster in the Revolution. He had 12 children, and his youngest son, Rufus, is now living (1890) on Monmouth Ridge. Rufus and Daniel Marr, brothers and carpenters, came from Scarborough in 1800. Rufus settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, Henry S. Marr. He had three sons and three daughters. Henry, who succeeded his father on the homestead, had two sons, Henry S. and Frank E., who now occupy the place. Daniel Marr located on what was known as the John Whittum farm, now owned by William T. Dingley. Joseph Maxwell, came from Cape Elizabeth about 1800, and settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, Daniel A. Maxwell. Joseph erected the first grist-mill in town, on a small stream near his farm-house. Four of his sons settled on farms near the homestead. Benjamin Fogg came from Scarborough in 1800 and settled on the farm now owned by John C. Fogg. He had two sons and one daughter. William succeeded his father on the homestead, and C. M. was a blacksmith, and settled near his father. William had four sons; two died young ; John C. occupies the home farm, and George W. lives near. Ephraim, brother of Benjamin, came later, and settled on the farm where Ira Alexander now resides. He had foui' sons (all carpentei's) and four daughters. William Fogg, a cousin of Benjamin, came from Scarborcnigh in 1800, settled on the farm with Benjamin, and later moved to the farm where Hugh Mottram now lives. This farm was successively owned by Alvan and B. S. Fogg, sons of William. Alkana Spear came here about this time, but soon moved away. Captain Harding Lombard came here from Cape Cod, Mass., about 1795, and settled in the southeast part of the town adjoining the farm now owned by J. W. Sawyer, on the south. Captain Lombard had three sons and two daughters. The sons followed the sea for many years. John, the oldest, was a very successful ship-master, and settled on the farm now owned by Alden Moulton. Luther, the second son, was also a successful ship-master, and settled in Webster. Harding, the youngest, followed the sea as mate for many years. He never married. John had four sons and four daughters. His oldest son, John E., is a ship-master. Hugh Gatchell came about this time and settled on the farm now owned by the heirs of James Mann. He had two sons and two daughters. Smith Ricker came about 1800 and settled on the farm now occupied by his son-in-law, Joseph G. Bragg. He had three sons 490 History of Androscoggin County. and three daughters, all now dead except one daughter. Shadrach Dixon came about this time and settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, Nelson G. Dixon. Ernest S. Dixon is a great-grandson. James Maxwell came about the same time, settled on the farm now occupied by Jesse Austin. He had a family of two sons and two daughters. Abraham Jewell, about 1803, settled on the farm now owned by his son. Nelson S. George Foss, of Scarborough, in 1804 settled on the place now owned by J. W. Kicker. After a few years he sold to Major Josiah Libby, who opened a public house, which he maintained for many years. This was one of the stopping places on the stage route from Portland to Augusta by way of the South West Bend in Durham. This farm was subsequently owned by F. C. Marr, Joel Small, Harrison Ham, Joseph C. Wright, Andrew J. Given, and now by J. W. Kicker. This house was extensively known as the Major Libby Tavern. Nathaniel Chace came from Brunswick about 1805 and settled on the farm now owned by Hugh Mottram. Anthony Woodside came from the same town about 1806, and settled on the farm north of the Chase farm, where his grandson, George Woodside, now resides. He had five sons and one daughter; one son, B, F. Woodside, was a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1840, studied law and [)racticed in Boston until his death in 1890. Anthony, Jr, also graduated from Bowdoin College in 1840, and studied medicine, but died early. Calvin lived on the farm of his father. He had five sons and three daughters. One of the sons, Albert, is now a physician in St George. Edwin is a merchant at Sabattus, and Elbridge is in business in Lewiston. William Swett came from Brunswick about 1806 and settled on the farm now owned by Almond Lombard. One of his sons, Ebenezer, lived for some years on the homestead, and followed butchering in connection with farming. He afterwards moved to Brunswick, where he devoted his time to butchering and retailing meats, in which he was quite noted. James Swett, brother of William, came at the same time and settled on the farm now owned by K. C. Jones. Josiah Ijibby came from Scarborough about 1807 and settled on the farm now owned by J. W. Kicker. He kept a public house for many years, was a major in the militia and a town officer for many years. He returned to Scar- borough after he ceased to do business, and died there. David Plumer came from Gorham in 1808 and settled on the farm adjoining that of Benjamin Fogg on the south. This farm is now divided and owned by Luther Lombard and Walter E. Webster. Mr Plumer was a tanner and shoemaker as well as a farmer, trades that in those early days were pursued by the same person to a great extent. He was one of the first justices of the peace, if not the first one, in town. He was also one of the earliest municipal officers of the town. He had a large family, but his children are dead and none of his descendants are residents of Wales. Joshua Hanscom came from Scarborough about 1810 Town of Wales. 491 and settled first on the farm now occupied by Joseph Wight, then removed to the farm where John W. Strout now resides, and died there. He had five sons and two daughters. James Taylor came from Lewiston about 1810 and settled on the farm now owned by Hiram F. Frost. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. His father, Thomas, was a soldier in the Revolution. Enoch N.Taylor, son of James, settled in the eastern part of the town, where his widow and one daughter now reside. Two of his sons, Edwin and Samuel W., served in the war of the Rebellion. Samuel Libby came from Scarborough about 1810, and settled on the farm now owned by his grandson, Llewellyn S. Libby. Mr Libby had a family of seven children, three sons and four daughters. Seth Libby had one son, Llewellyn S., in the Union arm}' during the Rebellion. David Dunning came from Brunswick in 1810 and settled on the farm now owned by Fred C. Collins. John Hamilton came about that time and settled on the farm now owned by Davis Maxwell. He carried on (juite an extensive business tanning and shoemaking. He had three sons and two daughters. John and Hiram were captains in the militia. Hiram was commander of a company in the Aroostook War. Moses Sanborn moved into town about this time, and settled on the farm now owned by Robert Carlton, aiul died there. In 1815 James Hodsdon came from South Berwick and settled on the farm now owned b}'^ his son, Oliver, on the eastern slope of Sabattis mountain. He was a soldier of the Revolution. He had four sons and six daughters. His son Benjamin, who resided on the hoiuestead, had two sons who were soldiers in the Rebellion. Both were wounded, and one died in service. Another lives and draws a pension. LIugh Owen moved into town (the date not known) and settled on a lot south of Hiram Foss's farm. He had four sons and three daughters. His son Thomas settled in Leeds. David settled in Wales on the farm now owned by Charles Webster. James lived many years in Waterville and engaged in milling to some extent. William settled in Bath. David had two sons, one of whom, Cyrus L., first learned the black- smith trade, then went to manufacturing moccasins. The other, Josiah, commenced work for the Maine Central Railroad at the time it was built, and is in the employ of the company now. He has been conductor on the Dexter branch since its completion, a continuous service of some 40 years. Simon Libby came from Scarborough about 1824, and settled on the farm now owned by Joshua Brackett, near Leeds Junction, then moved to the place now occupied by his son, Furber Libby. He had four sons and three daughters, and was a soldier in the War of 1812. James McFarland came about this time and settled on the farm now owned by the heirs of David S. Sanborn. He was a blacksmith. His son James, Jr, settled on a lot taken from the north side of his father's farm. He had one son in the Union army. His son David settled on the farm now owned by Joshua Brackett and died there. Ichabod Haws came into town at an early date. He also was a blacksmith, and lived 492 History of Androscoggin County. on the farm now occupied by Charles G. Fish. He had five children. The two sons were blacksmiths. Jonathan Fogg about 1810 settled on the northern slope of Sabattis mountain on the farm now owned by B. F. Roberts. Hiram Foss settled on the farm now owned by^ William T. Dingley.'i He had five sons and four daughters. He moved to Auburn, where he died. Joseph Foss settled on the farm adjoining that of Hiram on the north. He had four sons and three daughters. He was elected representative for one year, and was also colonel in the militia. He was a carpenter as well as a farmer. This farm is now owned by S. B. Greenwood. Daniel Foss, a brother of the two preceding, first settled on the farm now owned by F. A. McKenney. He lived on several other places iu town and finally moved to Lewiston. He had four sons and one daughter. Phineas Thompson moved into town early and settled on a farm on Thomp- son's hill. He had one son and one daughter. The son, Laurel G., now lives on a part of the D. M. Labree farm. His father's farm is now occupied by G. W. Fogg. Nathaniel Jewell also moved into town at an early date and settled on Thompson's hill adjoining the farm of P. Thompson. He was a captain in the War of 1812, also a captain in the militia later. He was a brick mason. He had three sons and four daughters. He had one son, Elias, in the expedition to Aroostook in 1839. Robert Given, son of Arthur Given, settled first on Thompson's hill, then removed to Newj)ort or Corinna. This farm passed through many hands, and is now owned by Robert F. Wheeler, who came from Leeds. Church Historij. — The earliest church organization was the Baptists, dated December 25, 1800. The first mention of a deacon is in May, 1801, when Deacon Spofford was put down from serving as deacon and Brother David Jenkins was established deacon, and Brother James Labree was elected deacon on trial. July 24, 1802, met for conference and then agreed to have a church meeting. Chose Brother Labree moderator. Voted a brother under suspen- sion for breaking covenant in persisting in going to hear the Methodists. The first election of a clerk upon the records is in September, 1805, when Joseph Murch was chosen, but, judging from the penmanship, there were many changes in the office. The whole number of members September, 1809, was 42. The first ordained pastor was Elder James Pierce, received October 14, 1810. May 6, 1833, Elder James Pierce was excluded from the church for refusing to give satisfaction for charges brought against him without proof. In August of the same year Elder Daniel Pierce was admitted into the church, and the two ministers furnished preaching until about 1839. In July, 1839, Elder Smith Hinkley was received as pastor, which position he held until 1842. In 1843 Elder William Smith was received as pastor, which position he held until 1850, when Elder Thomas Goldthwait was installed. The last entry in the first Baptist church records is dated June 21, 1856. Town of Wales. 493 The Second Baptist Chu7'eh was organized August 13, 1856, and consisted of 16 members. Isaac S. Jenkins and Aaron Winslow were elected deacons, and Joel Small, clerk. Meetings were maintained until 1859, when the church disbanded. Free Bajytists. — The "Church of Christ in Wales, called the United Brethren or Free-Will Baptists," was constituted April 14, 1826, by Elder Abiezer Bridges, with 13 members: Enoch Strout, William Given, Joseph Small, David Dunning, Phillip Given, William Dunning, James Owen, Samuel Small, Marcia Strout, Martha Given, Louisa Given, Freeman Lombard, and Ebenezer Dunning. June 7, 1826, Enoch Strout and Joseph Small were chosen deacons; Samuel Small, treasurer; and Joseph Small, clerk (who held office until his death in 1836, when Gilbert Strout was chosen). Elder Silas Curtis was the first pastor mentioned in the records. Elder Allen Files was chosen pastor "so long as he shall continue to reside with us," and remained until after 1861. June 2, 1832, Joseph Maxwell was chosen deacon, on the death of Enoch Strout. January 7, 1835, the quarterly meeting of the association was held with this church. In 1852 Lincoln Given was clerk. In 1856 John Given was clerk, and William Ham was chosen deacon. November 2, 1861, Rev. S. W. Royal, of New Gloucester, was received into the church. This is the last entry upon the records. Church Buihlim/s. — The first church was erected in 1827 by the Freewill Baptists near the center of the town on land taken from the farm owned by Joel Small. This house was torn down, and rebuilt in 1856 (on land taken from the farm of Charles W. Strout on the Pond road,) by the Baptists, Freewill Baptists, Methodists, and Universalists, as a union church, and was occupied by each society their relative portion of the time until 1870, since which time preaching has been secured by general subscription. The Baptists built a church which cost -1)1,000 in 1838, upon land bought from the Joseph Gray farm in the easterly part of the town. This was unoccupied for several years, and was sold and taken down in 1886. The First School in town was taught by Captain Joseph Small in a dwelling- house on the Pond road. He was followed by Mr Hill, Arthur Given, Mr Page, Daniel Evans, Fayette Mace, Richard Elder, Joel Small, and Enoch Strout. There are now eight school-houses in town. The district system was abolished in 1889, and the town system substituted. There were 150 scholars in town in April, 1891. Water-powers, Mills, and Manufactures. — During the first twelve or fifteen years of settlement, the settlers were obliged to carry their bags of corn and grain on their shoulders twenty miles to the nearest mill. There were no roads at that date and the settlers were compelled to travel in paths through the forest marked by spotted trees, to the older and more advanced settlements. Their only meats were such as could be procured by the trap, shot-gun, and 494 History of Androscoggin County. rifle, and were bear, moose, deer, and smaller game, which was plenty in those days. The only grist-mill ever erected in town was built by Joseph Maxwell on a small stream in the eastern part of the town, near his dwelling. The first saw-mill was built by Daniel M. Labree on a small stream on his home farm, where he could saw boards, shingles, etc., for a few weeks each in the spring and fall. The next was built by Benjamin Vining on a small stream on his farm. Another one was built by B. C. Jenkins on his farm in the north- eastern part of the town, which is still in use. The others have long ago ceased to exist. George T. Howe has a yard near Leeds Junction, where he manufactures some 800,000 of first quality of brick annually. The Sabattus Mountain Creamery was incorporated in the spring of 1883, with an authorized capital of |2,000, $1,425 of which has been paid in. Buildings were erected, and the operations of collecting cream and making butter were commenced June 25, 1883, and it is said that the first pound of butter ever manufactured by a co-operative creamery in Maine was made here. With tlie exception of two months in the fall of 1885, the factory has been in successful operation ever since. From two to four men and horses are emidoyed, according to the season, ami from -|<1 0,000 to |>21,000 of business has been done each year. The officers aie: President, D. D. Golden; secretary, E. A. Ham; treasurer and agent, J. W. Sawyer; directors, D. D. Golden, E. A. Ham, J. W. Sawyer, E. S. Dixon, and J. L. Stewart. This factory is on tlie Pond road, west of Sabattus mountain, and 65,000 pounds is manufactured yearly, the cream coming from patrons in Wales, Monmouth, and Webster. The average price obtained by patrons is 17 cents a pound. Ernest S. Dixon., son of Washington S. and Nettie (Jenkins) Dixon, both natives of Wales, was born in that town, August 3, 1863, and is descended on both sides of the family from Shadrach Dixon, one of the early settlers, through his son Elbridge and his son Washington. On the maternal side he descends from Philip Jenkins, througli his son Benjamin, and Mrs Nettie (Jenkins) Dixon. Mr Dixon is a member of Venus Commandery, U. O. G. C, a Democrat in politics, has been town clerk for four years, and in 1888 was honored by his party with the nomination for representative to the legislature. His business is butter-making, and he is a member of the board of directors of the Sabattus Mountain Creamery Company. Davis Maxivell was born in Webster, in 1836, and is the son of William and Mary (Davis) Maxwell. His grandfather was one of the early settlers of the town, coming from Cape Elizabeth, in Cumberland county. Mr Maxwell is an energetic and successful farmer, politically a Democrat, and is a Free Baptist in religious preferences. He is also a member of Wales Grange, P. of H. [See Webster.] David S. Sanhorn was born at Ossipee, N. H., August 18, 1821. He acquired his education at the schools of Webster and Lewiston Falls Academy, Town of Wales. 495 and taught school witli success in Webster, Lisbon, Lewiston, and Litchfield for 15 winters. In 1849 he married Azelia (daughter of Jonathan Davis). He was engaged in farming at Webster until 18t)4, when he moved to Wales, where he resided until his death, in March, 1891. He was a prominent and successful farmer, respected for his integrity and industry. He was a member of the superintending school committee for six years, and collector and constable for five years. He served as a member of the legislature in 1874. He was a Whig until the Republican party was organized, and afterwards a strong Republican. He was a member of the Republican town committee 15 years, and chairman for seven years. He was a charter member of the Wales Grange, No. 40, and a member of the Patrons Mutual Aid Society of Maine. He was a member of the Baj)tist church and was a strong temperance man. A. J. Sanborn and Frank L. Sanborn, of Webster, are his sons. Rebellion Record. — JVatnes of Soldiers, Volunteers and Conscrijyts. — 1861 : Samuel W. Taylor, Hiram S. Jenkins, Edward P. Mitchell, Albert P. Given, Charles Higgins, Veranus Aino, Albert P. Hodsdon, John S. Brawn, Allen F. Plumer, Elisha K. Mann, John K. Hamilton, Henry Collins, Richard Scliuly, Loren Higgins, Asa Cummings. 1862, on call of June: Wm S. Small, Henry A. Ham, Geo. W. Hodgman, Rev. Samuel N. Royal. 1862, on call of July: Lloyd Howard, Phillip Tarr, Albert S. Additon, Charles McFarland, Moses Fogg, S. W. PuUen, Jarvis T. Reals, Geo. B. Day, Thomas T. Jenkins, John Caton, Llewellyn O. Foster, Michael Smith, Francis Hall, Albert Hodsdon, Rev. Arthur Given, Jr. 1863, conscripted June: Leonard Hodgman, Alonzo Tayloi', Rufus W. Sanborn, (lieo. W. Jenkins, Edward M. Jewell, Rinaldo A. Labree, Llewellyn S. Ivibby. The first four paid commutation. 1863, on call of October: Luther M. Pollard, Edward T. S[)rague, Daniel B. Bean, Robert E. (lammon, David Mitchell, Hiram Jewell, Llewellyn O. Foster (re-enlisted), John H. Hanscom. 1864, on call of July: John K. Hamilton (re-enlisted), Elisha K. Mann (re-eidisted), Charles M. Labree, David Plumer, Jesse B. Austin, Geo. T. Erving, Josei)h Griffin, James McGee (navy), Thomas H. Long. On call of December, 1864: Michael Burgen, Wm Houghton, Hewe McGuire, Peter Clark, Michael Coughlin, Wm Kelley, Wm Devin, Alexander Coulter (the above were in the Marine Corps), Harding L. Watts by substi- tute John Fox, Albion K. P. Dixon, John McFarland, Cyrus Burk, Charles Hodsdon. July 13, 1865, under a call of the provost-marshal the selectmen returned !|10,040 as the total sum of all bounties paid by the town to soldiers during the Rebellion. October 18, 1865, on a requisition of the provost- marshal of this date for the average cost per man in Wales for volunteers furnished under each call for troops since March 1, 1863, the following return was made: 8 men, October, 1863, the average was -1311.875; 5 men, July, 1864, average |412; 9 men, December, 1864, average -1365. The general average was $356.36. 496 History of Androscoggin County. Civil List and Action of Town.— The first meeting of the plantation of Wales for the choice of officers and other business was held May (>, 1803. John Witherell was chosen moderator; Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Enoch Strout, John Andrews, assessors; John Larrabee, collector; Arthur Given, treasurer. Voted $50 for plantation expenses; .f 150 for schools; .'PI.'jO for roads. 1804, April 2, was given tlie first vote for governor; James Sullivan, P^sq., had 11 votes; Lieutenant-Governor William Keith had votes. Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Enoch Strout, John Andrews, assessors. 1805 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, David Plumer, John Andrews, assessors. 180() — Joseph Small, clerk; David Plumer, John Andrews, Joseph Small, assessors. 1807 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, John Andrews, David Plumer, assessors; Josiah Libby, Daniel Marr, Jo.seph Small, John Larrabee, first school committee. 1808— Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, John Larrabee, Arthur Given, assessors. 1809 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Arthur Given, John Larrabee, assessors. 1810— Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Arthur Given, John Larrabee, assessors. 1811 — Joseph Small, clerk; Josiah Libby, Elias Kicker, Aaron Plumer, assessors. 1812 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Josiah Libby, Elias Ricker, assessors. 181.3 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Elias Ricker, Josiah Libby, assessors. 1814 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Josiah Libby, Elias Ricker, assessors. Voters were required at this time to be 21 years old, and to have a free-hold estate in the commonwealth of the annual income of £3, or any estate of the value of £60. 1815 — Joseph Small, clerk; David Plumer, Elias Ricker, Samuel Libby, assessors. Bills allowed this year: Joseph Small, for supplies for militia in service, $9; Elias Ricker, for same, $10; Arthur Given, for same, $12; Joshua Hanscom, $9; total, $40, of which $10.50 was paid by the government. 1816, January 31, an act incorporating the town of Wales was passed by the legislature of Massa- chusetts, and approved February 1, 1816, by Caleb Strong, the governor. The first town meeting was held March 12, 1816. Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, David Plumer, Arthur Given, selectmen; Samuel Libby, treasurer; Dr Abial Daley, David Plumer, John Hamilton, Smith Ricker, school agents; Dr Abial Daley, Joseph Small, David Plumer, inspecting committee. May 20, 1816, voted 26 to 5 in favor of the formation of the state of Maine. The whole number of voters at this date was 58. 1817 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, David Plumer, Arthur Given, selectmen. A meeting was called for September 29, to meet at Widow Swett's barn, to give in their votes for representative to congress. The annual meeting was called to meet at Widow Swett's barn. Met and chose Arthur Given moderator, and voted that the meeting be adjourned to the dwelling-house of Widow Swett, on account of the inclemency of the weather. Joseph Small, clerk; Hiram Foss, John Larrabee, Samuel Libby, selectmen. 1819— Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Hiram Foss, Elias Ricker, selectmen. At a meeting held July 26, called for the purpose of giving in their votes on the question, "Is it expedient that the district of Maine shall become a separate and independent state? " There were 46 votes, 39 in favor of the separation and 7 against it. At a meeting held September 20, 1819, Joseph Small was chosen a delegate to a convention to be held in Portland to frame a constitution for said District, and at a meeting held December 6, 1819, to see if the town was in favor of a constitution as reported from said convention, it was unanimously approved by the town, and Maine was admitted into the Union March 3, 1820. 1820 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Isaac S. Small, Elias Ricker, selectmen. 1821 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Abraham Jewell, John Ross, selectmen. 1822 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Arthur N. Given, John Andrews, Jr, selectmen. Joseph Small was chosen first representative to the legislature. 1823 — Joseph Small, clerk; Joseph Small, Arthur N. Given, John Andrews, selectmen. 1824 — Joseph Small, clerk; Hiram Foss, John Andrews, Jr, Joel Small, selectmen. 1825 — Joseph Small, clerk; Hiram Foss, Joel Small, John Andrews, Jr, selectmen. 1826— Joseph Small, clerk; John Andrews, Esq., Joel Small, Gilbert Strout, selectmen. 1827— Joseph Small, clerk; John Andrews, Hiram Foss, Bela Pierce, selectmen. 1828 — Joseph Small, clerk; John Andrews, Esq., Hiram Foss, Joel Small, selectmen. 1829 — Chose Ephraim Fogg moderator. He has served continuously since 1820. Joseph Small, clerk; Joel Small, Josiah Libby, Ebenezer Swett, selectmen. 1830— Joseph Small, clerk; Joel Small, Josiah Libby, Ebenezer Swett, selectmen. 18,31 — Joseph Small, clerk; Jolin Andrews, Jr, Hiram Foss, Bela Pierce, selectmen. Voted that " all kneat cattle be restrained from going at large in the Road in the futur." 1832 —Joseph Small, clerk; John Andrews, Jr, David Plumer, Bela Pierce, selectmen. 1833 — Joseph Small, clerk; David Plumer, Bela Pierce, Daniel Larrabee, selectmen. 1834 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Joseph Foss, Samuel Gatchell, selectmen. Voted that the thanks of the town be tendered to Deacon Joseph Small for his long and able services as town clerk (31 years). 1835 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Samuel Gatchell, Hiram Foss, selectmen. 18.36 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Ebenezer Swett, Hiram Foss, selectmen. 1837 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Ebenezer Swett, Ezra K. Ricker, selectmen. Town of Wales. 497 1838 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Hiram Foss, E. K. Ricker, selectmen. December 15, voted to petition to be set off from the county of Lincoln and annexed to the county of Kennebec. 18;!!)— John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Ezra K. Ricker, Josiah Libby, selectmen. Voted that the surplus revenue be distributed per capita on the 25th day of March. Adjourned to April 8, 18:5;t, when the following account was allowed, viz.: " To Joel Small, Dr, for cash paid for supplies and expences incurred in attendance on the soldiers detached from this town from Augusta to (and while at) Bangor, amounting to :}f()0.74:." Also bills of I. S. Small, E. K. Kicker, Hiram Foss, and Samuel Potter and others, for same, .S!145.02, amounting in all to .'S;205.70. 1840 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Josiah Libby, J. W. Gatchell, selectmen. 1841 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, William Fogg, Daniel Larrabee, selectmen. 1842 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; I. S. Small, William Fogg, Joseph Maxwell, Jr, selectmen. 1843 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Isaac S. Small, Hiram Foss, Joseph Maxwell, .selectmen. 1844 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Hiram Fo.ss, Joseph Maxwell, Jr, .selectmen. 1845 — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Joel Small, Amaziah Mitchell, Joel Ham, selectmen. 184(j — John Andrews, Jr, clerk; Phillip Larrabee, John W. Foss, Henry Marr, selectmen. 1847 — John W. Gatchell, clerk; Joel Ham, Henry Marr, Arthur Given, selectmen. 1848 — William Small, clerk; Joel Ham, Arthur Given, Amaziah Mitchell, selectmen. 1849 — William Small, clerk; Isaac S. Small, Hiram Foss, John W. Gatchell, selectmen. 1850 — William Small, clerk; I. S. Small, Hiram Fo.ss, Benjamin C. Jenkins, selectmen. 1851 — William Small, clerk, until September G, when Joel Small took office; Joel Ham, Bela Pierce, Arthur Given, selectmen. 1852 — Joel Small, clerk; Bela Pierce, John Lombard, Samuel Gatchell, selectmen. 1853 — Joel Small, clerk; Joel Small, Joel Ham, Bela Pierce, selectmen. February 25, 1854, the town voted upon the formation of the county of Androscoggin; in favor, 11; opposed, 44. 1854 — T. W. Ham, clerk; I. S. Small, Phillip Larrabee, Cornelius Libby, selectmen. 1855 — T. W. Ham, clerk; I. S. Small, Joseph Maxwell, Jr, John W. Foss, selectmen. March 31, voted to build a town house, with instructions to have it completed by August, 1856. 1856 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Jo.seph Maxwell, Jr, Hiram Foss, Joel Ham, selectmen. 1857 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Joseph Maxwell, Jr, Joel Ham, Cornelius Libby, selectmen. 1858 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Joel Ham, Cyrus M. Fogg, Henry Carville, .selectmen. 18.59 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Cyrus M. Fogg, Joseph G. Bragg, H. L. Watts, selectmen. 1860 — Harding L. Watts, clerk; Joseph G. Bragg, Harding L. Watts, John C. Fogg, selectmen. 1861 — H. L. Watts, clerk; H. L. Watts, John C. Fogg, Otis W. Fabyan. selectmen. 1862— H. L. Watts, clerk; Joel Ham, Alvan F. Foss, Otis W. Fahyan, selectmen. July 23, 1862, voted to raise .■fflOO, to be paid to each soldier who would enlist to fill this town's quota. Chose John C. Fogg, Joseph G. Bragg, and Joel Ham to serve as a committee to procure enlistments. 1863 — H. L. Watts, clerk; Otis W. Fabyan, Joseph G. Bragg, George W. Jenkins, selectmen. June 15, 18(53, voted to raise #100, to be paid to each man drafted and accepted, agreeable to the conscript act, or who procures a substitute to serve, and December 1 it was voted that the town raise $270, to be paid to each man who will volunteer to fill this town's quota, or to drafted men. December 30 it was voted to raise $438.16, in addition to amount previously voted, to be paid to enlisted men, and that the treasurer be authorized and instructed to hire the above sum of money and give treasurer's notes for the same. 1864 — H. L. Watts, clerk; John C. Fogg, clerk pro teiii.; Joel Small, Thomas W. Ham, Cyrus M. Fogg, selectmen. August 13 voted to raise 3?25, to be paid each man who will enlist under the call of July 18, 1864. September 15 voted that the town raise .$L935 to pay subscribers to the soldiers' fund, raised to procure quota under the last call. December 17 voted that the town procure ten men to balance future calls for conscripts, and that the town raise .#4,000, to be expended in procuring said men, f 425 to be paid each man in town who will enlist or furnish a substitute to serve three years, the balance to be immediately expended in procuring three years' recruits, and that the selectmen be authorized to issue town scrip therefor, at not exceeding six per cent, interest. 1865 — John C. Fogg, clerk; Joel Small, Joseph G. Bragg, Seth Libby, selectmen. Voted that the selectmen procure money to be paid to soldiers' families as state aid. 1866 — John C. Fogg, clerk; Joseph G. Bragg, Seth Libby, Otis W. Fabyan, selectmen. The treasurer's report shows the debt .#7,640.40. 1867 — John C. Fogg, clerk; Joel Ham, S. A. Jenkins, George W. Fogg, selectmen. Voted to build a bridge across the stream near Leeds Junction. 18()8 — John C. Fogg, clerk; S. A. Jenkins, George W. Fogg, Alanson Higgins, selectmen. 1869 — T. W. Ham, clerk; S. A. Jenkins, W. W. Douglass, Seth Libby, selectmen. 1870 — John C. Fogg, clerk; S. A. Jenkins, George W. Fogg, Joel Ham, selectmen. Voted to raise by assessment $1,600 to pay on the town debt. Voted that the town pay #100 and interest to those men who paid commutation in the late war. Voted that the municipal year shall end on the first Monday in March in each year. 1871 — John C. Fogg, clerk; I. S. Small, A. C. 498 History of Androscoggin County. Frost, Benjamin Hodsdon, 2d, selectmen. 1872— John C. Fogg, clerk; I. S. Small, Benjamin Hodsdon, 2d, A. C. Frost, selectmen. 1873 — John C. Fogg, clerk; T. W. Ham, A. C. Frost, H. S. Marr, selectmen. At the September meeting, John C. Fogg had 59 votes for representative; D. S. Sanborn, 40. 1874 — John C. Fogg, clerk; T. W. Ham, Henry S. Marr, Joseph M. Given, selectmen. Voted to raise .'goOO for a free high school. 1875 — S. A. Jenkins, clerk; A. C. Frost, J. G. Bragg, J. C. Fogg, selectmen. May 25, voted to instruct the selectmen to buy the farm on which Seth Lombard resides, if it will be for the Interest of the town to do so. 187G — S. A. Jenkins, clerk; Benjamin Hodsdon, 2d, T. W. Ham, Isaac W. Frost, selectmen. Voted to raise |!1.50 for free high school. 1877 — S. A. Jenkins, clerk; B. Hodsdon, 2d, I. W. Frost, Alden Moulton, selectmen. 1878 — S. A. Jenkins, clerk; I. W. Frost, J. C. Fogg, Joseph A. Maxwell, selectmen; J. W. Beckler and John C. Fogg, school committee. 1879 — J. C. Fogg, moderator; S. A. Jenkins, clerk; Benjamin Hodsdon, T. W. Ham, S. A. Jenkins, selectmen. lg,SO — I. M. Witherell, clerk; Benjamin Hodsdon, John C. Fogg, Thomas T. Jenkins, selectmen. 1881— J. C. Fogg, moderator; T. W. Ham, clerk; J. C. Fogg, Alden Moulton, F. E. Marr, selectmen. 1882 — T. W. Ham, clerk; Alden Moulton, T. T. Jenkins, I. W. Frost, selectmen. 1883 — D. N. Maxwell, clerk; Alden Moulton, I. W. Frost, Joseph W. Sawyer, selectmen. 1884 — John C. Fogg, clerk; I. W. Frost, J. W. Sawyer, I. M. Witherell, selectmen. 1885 — Willis E. Hinkley, clerk; J. W. Sawyer, Alden Moulton, Joseph S. Jewett, selectmen. 1886 — J. C. Fogg, moderator; W. E. Hinkley, clerk; Alden Moulton, J. S. Jewett, G. W. Fogg, selectmen; W. E. Hinkley, H. A. Greenwood, school committee. April 8 it was voted to instruct the selectmen to buy a road machine. Voted to raise money to pay for the same, and that the selectmen buy four oxen to use on the road machine. 1887 — J. C. Fogg, moderator; E. S. Dixon, clerk; T. T. Jenkins, G. W. Fogg, J. W. Sawyer, select- men; T. W. Ham, truant officer. 1888 — T. T. Jenkins, moderator; E. S. Dixon, clerk; J. W. Sawyer, T. T. Jenkins, Alonzo M. Donnell, selectmen. Vote for representative was: Alden Moulton, 63; Ernest S. Dixon, 75. 1889 — T. T. Jenkins, moderator; E. S. Dixon, clerk; John C. Fogg, A. M. Donnell, F. E. Marr, selectmen. J. C. Fogg, truant officer. Voted $300 for free high schools, also to abolish the school district system. 1890 — T. T. Jenkins, moderator; E. S. Dixon, clerk; A. M. Donnell, F. E. Marr, T. T. Jenkins, selectmen; J. Herbert Maxwell, school supervisor. Voted that the selectmen be authorized to sell the town farm at auction. 1891 ^T. W. Ham, moderator; A.J. Sanborn, clerk; F. E. Marr, Alden Moulton, E. E. Ham, selectmen; A. J. Sanborn, school supervisor. Town of Greene. 499 GREENE. CHAPTER XXVII. Area— Boundaries —Elevations — Pouds — Soil — Productions- The First Settlers — Petition for Incorporation — Remonstrance Ag-ainst Incorporation — Incorporation — Devel- opment of Business — Early Conveyances — Valuation and Residents in 1818 — Lots and Occupants in 1820 —Gleanings from Town Records — Early Action Concerning Schools. GREENE, the second town incorporated in the county limits and the fifty- fifth in Maine, contains nearly 16,000 acres of land, is surrounded by Turner on the west, Leeds on the north, Wales on the east, and Lewiston on the south, and originally was a part of "• Lewistown." The surface is quite broken, and the altitude is higher than that of the towns to the south and east. Hill's Ridge, in the southeastern part, commands an extensive panorama of beautiful scenery, terminating at Mt Washington in the far distance. The northwestern part is so high as to be called the mountain district; its principal elevations are C^aswell, Ames, and Clark's mountains. On Caswell hill is an excellent quality of granite, valuable if it was near a railroad. East of and within a half-mile of Greene Station, is a ridge of dark granite of fine quality. Its owner, Dr G. L. Peaslee, is giving some attention to its development. There are some ponds, Allen, Dean, Little Sabattus, and Berry, while Lake Sabattus forms a portion of the eastern boundary. At Sprague's Mills is a water-power with a fall of 15 feet. Mills were formerly in operation on the outlets of Allen pond and Meadow brook. The soil near tlie Androscoggin is a light loam, the low lands throughout the town yield abundantly of hay, while the lands at a moderate height are free fi'om frost, with a strong soil, producing good crops. The more elevated portions have a rocky soil, and although formerly considered of less agricultural value, now have an increased worth on account of the natural tendency of the apple tree to thrive here. A belt of this land running east and west through the south part, and another belt north of the center have exceptional value in this respect. The history of Greene, like that of most country towns, is devoid of wide significance, its annals are marked by few conspicuous happenings, but the beautiful farms which dot its surface, and the comfortable homes of to-day, tell the story of the patience and perseverance of the settlers who came to stay in the century and more ago. A good character of solidity, sobriety, intelligence, and industry has ever been connected with its inhabitants, and many of its sons have distinguished themselves in other towns and states, and done honor to the place of their nativity. 500 History of Androscoggin County. The First Settlers. — Benjamin Ellingvvood, a squatter, made the first home and was the first resident on hind now in the town of Greene. This pioneer built his log cabin on the Pickett farm, on a slight elevation northwest of the present residence of Ezra Pratt. He cleared some land, and it is said planted corn and had a fine harvest, in 1775. Mr Ellingwood was joined in the early sunmier of 1775 by Benjamin Merrill from North Yarmouth. Ellingwood's cabin and clearing attracted his attention, and he soon made a bargain to board with him, and remained during the summer, paying his board with "a peck of corn, an old woolen shirt, a shovel, and the balance in cash." Mr Merrill secured Ellingwood's services, to harvest hay and to clear land across the brook, which he proposed to own, and eventually this land was deeded to him by the proprietors' agent. November 1, 1775, he purchased of Ellingwood his house and improvements for X140 (colonial currency), for "housen stuff" £20, and allowed him £8-15-0 since their last settlement. Mr Merrill recorded the purchase thus: the way that I paid Ellenwood for land and other things : 1 paid cash £77 — 14 — 2 notes to James Anderson 45 — 00 — to pay Peter Graflfara 11 — 10—0 ,, ,, James Stiusfield 8 — 06 — ,. „ MrBrightman 8-02—0 ,, „ Mr Jones 7 — 15 — ,, ,, ,, Rines 5-00 — ,, a pig and a peiceof line 3—05 — ,,,, hag and a glas bottle 14 — 6 ,, ,, yard and i of cloath 1 — 02 — 6 „ ,, quartof rum — 06 — £168-15-0 Mr Merrill returned to North Yarmouth the first of November, and soon after removed here with his wife, Margaret (Harris) Merrill, and five children, his household goods, a yoke of oxen, and a cow. Mr Ellingwood assisted them on their journey, and subsequently went to Gray. Mr Merrill's family occupied the "cabin" until 1786, when he built a frame house on the west side of the brook, not far from the residence of Edmund Fogg. His children were Benjamin, John, Anna, Jeremiah, and Levi. Benjamin Merrill was one of the early selectmen. He died in 1824, aged 83. His wife died in 1821, aged 83. Benjamin, their oldest son, was the first town clerk. He built a house, which he occupied until his death, in 1826; John settled near by, also erected a home, where he resided until his death, in 1817; Anna married John Pickett, who settled on land which his father owned ; she died in 1856, at the age of 84; Levi died in 1838; Jeremiah died an infant. Ozni Merrill, a grandson of Benjamin, the pioneer, lived near the southwest part of the town, and was intellectual, industrious, and possessed mechanical ingenuity to a large extent. Town of Greene. 501 Deacon Lemuel Cummings was the next settler. Thomas Taylor, Joseph, Eli, and Samuel Herrick, Colonel William Sprague, Gershoni Curtis, the Larrabees, Benjamin Hackley, the Browns, and the Coburns were here by 1785. The settlement was rapidly increased in the next and following years by many important additions, among them Captain John Daggett, John and Jonathan Mower, Thomas and Jacob Stevens, Luther Robbins, Elisha Sylvester, John Allen, Zebedee Shaw, Benjamin Alden, Bradford Rose, Benjamin Quimby, Jacob Bailey, and Jacob Eames, and by 1800 also were here Captain Daniel Crossman, Daniel Smith, Solomon Bates, John Record, Samuel Chadbourne, and others. The Revolution accelerated the growth of the settlement "in the north part of Lewistown," and by 1788 it numbered 500 inhabitants, and desired to be a town and control its own affairs. Con- sequently this petition was drafted: Petition for Incorporation. — Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Lewistown, Feb- ruary 12, 1788. To the Bonorable Senate and House of Representatives in G-eneral Court assembled, February, 1788. The petition of the subscribers. Inhabitants of the Plantation of Lewistown— Humbly She weth— That your Petitioners labour under great Inconveniences for want of being Incorporated into a Town. We therefore Humbly pray your Honours that the Northern part of said Plantation may be incorporated into a Town by the name of Greenland, beginning at the South West corner of Lot No. 1, and from thence run South East to the Plymouth line so called, and from thence to run Northerly by said Plymouth line to the North East corner of the Plantation aforesaid or Lot No. 190, from thence to run North West to Androscoggin river, so called, from thence, to run southerly by said river, so as to bring the first mentioned bounds to bear South East, and from thence, South East to the first mentioned bounds; together with all the Inhabitants; or take such other method in the premises as you in your wisdom shall think fit, and as in duty bound your Petitioners will ever pray. Signed, Abel Stoddard, Benjamin Merrill, Lemuel Cummings, John Larrabee, Moses Brown, Stephen Larrabee, John Daggett, Jacob Earaes, Benjamin Merrill, 3rd, Abner Merrill, Ebenezer A. Pinkham, John Mower, Benjamin Merrill, Jr, Eli Herrick, Thomas Stevens, Azariah Barker, Benjamin Cole, Philip Judkius, William Harden, John Butlei-, William Barker, (!) William Sprague. [Written on the back of the petition is this note.] N. B. — And your petitioners beg leave further to represeut to your honors that the extent of the tract of land called Lewistown is twelve or thirteen miles in length, which renders it very ill convenient, and we conceive improper, to be Incorporated into one town, as it will greatly discommode the Inhabitants thereof. And further, that there is a considerable tract of poor, waste laud near the center of the Plantation, running almost across the same, but will, if divided agreeable to our Petition, lay upon the border of each town. Some of the settlers did not approve of this action, and sent a remonstrance to the General Court, "feeling themselves deeply engaged to oppose so unreasonable a measure" because "most of us new settlers in the woods are in indigent circumstances," and are "not yet able to raise our provisions" nor to bear public burdens; because "the i)roposed form of the town will render town business difficult to conduct," etc.; because the town cannot assess the land to discharge taxes, " as a great part is (said to be) State's land, and sometime 502 History of Androscoggin County. been in Debate between the State and Mr Little," although they had agreed to purchase it of the state, and because "they had been so distressed by the extraordinary charges of the late War," and conclude: You gentlemen are not ignorant of ye suflferiug and Losses of the Soldiery by the fall of paper money, the families of who, were drove by reason of high taxes, etc., to seek their bread in the wild wilderness, in a cold latitude, 50 miles from market. We dare promise that after due time we shall be willing, as we may be able, to be incorporated into town order, and bear our equal quota of the necessary exigencies of Government. Done in the woods, on Androscoggin river, at a place called " The notherly part of Lewistown," This 26th day of May, 1788. (Signed) Elisha Sylvester, Benjamin Alden, Cornelius Jones, Asa Hose, Appolos Jones, Bradford Kose, Barnabas Perry, Levi Caswell, Ichabod Phillips, Thomas Lindsay, Daniel Lothrop, Joseph Samson, Asa Rose, Jr, Elisha Keen, Abiathar Briggs, Jairus Phillips, Jacob Bailey. This remonstrance was of no avail, however, and June 18, 1788, Greene was incorporated, the name being given in honor of General Nathaniel Greene, of the Continental army. The first section of the act reads as follows: Section I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same. That the northerly part of the plantation heretofore known by the name of Lewistown, in the county of Lincoln, bounded as follows, viz.: Beginning at the south-west corner of Lot No. one, thence running south- east to the Plymouth line, so called, thence northerly by said Plymouth line, to the north- east corner of the said plantation or lot No. one hundred and ninety, thence north-west to Androscoggin River, thence southerly by said river so as to bring the first mentioned bounds to bear south-east, thence south-east to the first mentioned bounds, with the inhabitants thereon, be, and hereby are incorporated into a town by the name of Greene, and shall have all the powers, privileges, and immunities, which other towns in this Com- monwealth do or may by law enjoy. Daniel Cony, Esq., was directed to issue his warrant, to some suitable inhabitant of the said town, to call the lirst town meeting, which " suitable inhabitant " was Benjamin Merrill. After the incorporation of Greene, its supremacy in importance continued many years. The settlers of Lewiston traded at Greene Corner; they availed themselves of its superior educational advantages by educating their children here. Not only this, but it is confidently affirmed that the first shingles sawed in Maine were made at the shingle mill put up by Willard Bridghara on the old Beriah Sampson privilege at the outlet of Allen pond. Artisans had established shops before 1800, but the first authentic information we have is in 1818, when these persons had "shops," as says the quaint manuscript: Benjamin Alden, Jabez Pratt, Jabez R. and Samuel Bates, Aruna Briggs, Daniel Crosman, James Coffin, Reuben and Robert Curtis, John Comins, Moses Harris, Nathaniel Herrick, John and Samuel Larrabee, William and Ebenezer Mower, John Pettingill, William Parker, Benjamin Quimby, L. and N. Bobbins, William Sprague, Jr, Jacob and Thomas Stevens, John Stafford, Town of Greene. 503 William Sawyer, Asa Smith, Christopher Tracy. The earliest grist-mill was built by William Sprague about 1795, and not long after Beriah Sampson had one at the privilege mentioned above. (This was abandoned long ago. Mr Bates was the last owner.) William Sprague, Jr, and Anslem Car}'- had small tan-yards, but the principal business in this line was that of Moses Harris. Merchmits. — Anslem Cary was an early merchant, the first trader, probably, to rank as such. His store was at Greene Corner, He later admitted Elijah Barrell as partner. They did a flourishing business for many years, and were succeeded by Anslem C. Parker. Previous to the formation of the firm of Car}'- & Barrell, Benjamin Parker had conducted trade until 1812, in con- nection with his other business, and the small building near his dwelling, where he traded, was occupied by them until they built the two-story store. After their occupancy of this, and later that of Anslem C. Parker, John L. Cutter, William Stevens, the Curtis Brothers, and Rev. E. G. Eaton, it was unoccupied for a time and then moved further south and fitted up as a Grange hall, and here Otis B. Dean was in trade for some years from 1880. Samuel Oakes traded for a time in a small store near Dr Pierce's. Greene Center, now Greene Station, was early an important business center. Harris &> Haskell did a good trade from 1840 to 1846 or 1847. They were succeeded by Harris & Mower, they in turn by Duane Mower, Henry Jennings, S. P. Benson, William Stevens, Robbins & Kensell, Henry Morse, A. P. Mower, O. T. Wing. A. B. Crosby and John C. Additon traded here in the seventies. About the same time Lewis Murray traded at North Greene. Earlij Conveyances. — Many of the early settlers were poor and, expecting the title to the lands was vested in the state, would not purchase of the Pejep- scot proprietors, and those who purchased lands were honest and unsuspecting, the journey to Wiscasset was a long one, and the result was that most of the deeds they received were either never recorded or not for a long period after they were given. Diligent search in the records of the register of deeds of Lincoln county fails to show but few recorded prior to 1799. Moses Little conveys lands in Greene to Benjamin Merrill, of Lewiston, September 17, 1785. Samuel Merrill, of New Gloucester, deeds in 1787 to his son, Benjamin Merrill, of Greene, lot 3, 100 acres, consideration <£30. In 1789 Benjamin Merrill deeds his son, John, 60 acres, the northeast end of lot 93 ; also to his son, Benjamin Merrill, 3d, 20 acres southwest end of lot 2. Joseph Eames is deeded 56 acres in lots 228 and 229, November 19, 1790, "in presence of John Daggett and Benjamin Merrill." Doughty Bates, of Hanover, is deeded by Ephraim Andrews, September 20, 1794, 50 acres, south half of lot 87," bounded north by the improved half owned by William Turner, and west by land owned by Jonathan Cushman." Abner Harris, of Lewiston, deeds, January 8, 1796, to Moses Harris, of Greene, "one-half of lot 144 of said town." Elijah Woods deeds "fourth month, seventh day," 1775, to William Sprague, of Greene, 504 History op Androscoggin County. lands in Winthrop. William earlier has transfers of land made to him as of Winthrop. It was not until the long controversy with the Pejepscot pro- prietors was settled in their favor in 1814 that the majority of the settlers received their deeds from those who held the rights of the proprietors, and with whom they made the best attainable terms, often paying more for their land on account of the improvements they had themselves made. Valuation and Residents in 1818. — The valuation was $46,230; number of polls, 221. The voters and resident property holders were Benjamin and Eliab Alden ; John, Jairus, Ichabod, and Benjamin Allen; John and OWs,Additon; Samuel, David, and Moses Adams ; Jabez R., Caleb, Samuel, Reuben, John, and Alexander Bates; Aruna, Elijah, Elijah, Jr, William, and Olive Briggs ; George and John Berry; Isaac, Isaac, Jr, and John Beats; Seth Barden; Ambrose, Benjamin T., and Richard Brown; Gary <&. Barrell; Joseph Bailey; Daniel Crosman; Jacob H., Ephraim, and John Chadherne; Elias Chick; James Colfin; Bartholomew, Eliphlet, Jesse, Joel, William, Charles, Isaiah, Phinehas, and Bartholomew, Jr, Coberne; John Caswell; Abel Crocker; Reuben and Robert Curtis; Lemuel, Solomon, John, and Ammi Gomins ; Ammi R. Crttter ; Jacob and Samuel Z)a?/; Aaron Daggett; John and Elias Brake ; Cyrus Dean; Joshua and Richard Elder ; James Frazer ; William Furbish; Peter Freeman; Walter Fogg ; Marcus Gilbert; Benjamin Grant; Moses, Silas, John, Silas, Jr, and Joseph Harris; Josiah, Samuel, and Jesse Hatch; Nathan and Joseph Herrick; Bates (S; Her rick ; David Hooper; Nathaniel and Richard i/i//; luevi Harvey ; So\omon Jackson ; LnveKcayc; Joseph and William ilfc- Kcnney ; Elisha and Elisha, Jr, Keene; Joseph Knapp ; Jacob Kimball; Samuel, John, Ammi, Josiah, and Jeremiah Larrabee; Samuel and John Layne ; Thomas and James Longlcy ; John and Zebulon ii/>i>?/; Freeman and Josiah iawrZers ; Benjamin, Benjamin, 2d, Benjamin, 3d, Samuel, Betty, Levi, Levi, 2d, and Levi Merrill, 3d; Isaac and Samuel Malune; Jonathan, John, Samuel, William, Ebenezer, John, Jr, Jonathan, 2d, Aaron, Leonard, Peter S., and Henry Mower; Nathan Morse; Joseph Mitchell; John Moulton; Jabez Pratt; John and John, Jr, Pettingill; Jairus, Jairus, Jr, and Ichabod Phillips; Ireson, William, and Jacob Parker; James and James, Jr, Perea ; Benjamin Quimby ; Luther, Reuben, and Charles jRo?;/>ms ; L. & N. Bobbins; Benjamin and Stephen Backley ; Russel n. Bead; John and Thomas Record; Seth, Asa, Asa, Jr, Bradford, and Simeon Rose; i^Was Richardson ; Ah'mthav andJoseph Richmond; John Robinson; Turner Stet- son; William, William, Jr, Moses, and Isaac Sprague ; Jonathan Shepley ; Massey Sylvester; Jacob and Thomas ;S/eyew5 ; 5 ■Mwas Sinclair ; John Stafford; Beriah and Joseph Sampson; Rufas Stcp)hcns ; William and Thaddeus 5'r{?f?/er; Asn. Smith ; 7jehedee Shatv ; Simeon Turner; Benjamin, Isaac, and Martin Thomas; John A. Tobey: Christopher Tracy; David Wheeler; Jacob Fames: David Prescott ; Daniel, Daniel, Jr, and David Wilkins. Early Settlers and Locations. — From a plan of the town made about 1820 we take the names of the owners of lots, including the settlers and their locations. On the south line B. Thomas had a large lot (242) lying on the Androscoggin river. East of this was lot 1, owned by Lemuel Comins; lots 2, 3, 4 are marked "Briggs, Fogg, Brown, Stoddard, and Anna Pickett"; lots 5, 6, 7 are vacant; lot 8, heirs of A. Littlefield and Little; lot 9, J. Perea; 37, McKenney; 38, S. & J. Layne and J. Perea, Jr, while a large triangular lot extending to Sabattus pond is inscribed " Widow Eaton Shaw." The second line of lots, counting north, and commencing at the east side, is lot 102, John Town of Greene. 505 Moulton ; 101, Coburn and Lajnie; 100, Chadburn and Gary; 99, J. and Sam. Hatch; 98, Z. Gobnrn and E. Hatch; 95, 96, 97, Allen and others; 94, Barrell and Pratt; 93, Pratt and others; 92, Aaron Daggett; 91, S. Gomins; 90, W. Sawyer; east half of lot 235 vacant. Isaac Maloon has 233 and west half of 235, while 236, a long lot next to the great river, is marked W. Parker. P. Freeman has the next lot, 232, north on the Androscoggin, and F. Landers, 231, the next one north on the river. S. Wheeler is next on the river. Jacob Stevens next in order on 225, while east of Jacob, on 224, is Thomas Stevens. A. Barker and G. Tracy have 220, and east of them, on 221, we find A. Berry, J. Starbird, W. Fogg, and A. Briggs have 218, while west of this and on the river Arnna Briggs has 219. 214 is occupied by L. Hervey and G. Barr. Asa Rose, Jr, is north on 212, and Bradford Rose joins Asa on the west with 213 on the river. John Allen is north of Asa Rose, Jr, on 207, while north of B. Rose and west of Allen we find I. Beals. North and west of Beals, on lots 204 and 205, is Elisha Keen. Jairus Phillips is east of Keen and north of Allen on 203. North of Phillips, on 198, 193, and })art of 339, we find Abner Briggs. A. Sampson, John Additon, J. Gruker have the rest of 339, which lies on the north line. West of lot 193 is Simeon Rose on 197 ; west of this, on 196, lying on the river, are J. Sampson and M. Sylvester. North of Sylvester, on the river, A. Hylaild has lot 195, while the next river lot north, 241, the northwest lot of the plan, is divided between B. Alden (south half) and J. Sampson (north half). The next lot east on north line 240 is marked Phillips. Following the north line east on 238 we discover A. Richmond, on 237 Gyrus Dean, 180 Stetson & Gurtis, 181 John Walker, 182 Jno. Beals and A. Bates, 183 Josiah and Samuel Day, 184 Baile}^ Robbins, and Little, 185 Bailey, Robbins, and Gaswell, 186 Bates and Harris, 187 Harris and Little, 188 Mitchell and heirs of J. Little. The two lots in northeast corner of plan are vacant. Lot 172 is owned by L Sprague and Little, 173 by Morse and Shepley, 174 and 163 next south bj'^ Grossman and Morse, 175 Ebenezer Mower, 176 Samuel Shaw, 177 G. Additon, 178 G. Gurtis and others (names illegible), 200 R. Hill, 199 A. Grooker, 190 J. Whitney and J. Gaswell, 209 Ichabod Allen, 201 J. Stafford, 211 J. St Glair, 210 Sampson Drake, 158 and north half of 157 John Stafford. Part of 157 and 136 is given to B. Rackley, the south part of 136 being held by John Howe, Jr. Rackley & Brown has 216, and E. Adey the east quarter of 215. South of 216 on 217 is John Larrabee, and further south on 222 is S. Larrabee. The next south is 323 occupied by Samuel Bates, and the succeeding lots south 225 and 229 are held by Jacob Fames. 234 next south of Fames is the John Daggett lot. 135 is marked " A. Merrill's heirs," and 134 the next lot east is inscribed L. Read. 114 and 115 south of the Merrill and Read lots are marked " Longley and Robbins," while " Pettengill and others " have 111 and 112 and perhaps 113. Lots 103, 110, 147, 148, 166, 167, 168, 171, and portions 506 History of Androscoggin County. of others are owned by the heirs of J. Little. Lot 109 is the " Barrell " lot, 108 owned by Little and others, 107 W. Furbish & J. Hatch, 106 S. Richard- son and J. Hatch, 105 Hill and Chadbourn, 104 Nath Hill; these last are in the third tier of lots north of the south line of the town. In the fourth tier of lots commencing at the east side of the plan and going west is first lot 124 Hackett & Thompson, 123 Furbush & Mullin, 122 Brothers Coburn, 121 Free- man, Eliphalet and J. Coburn, 120 Freeman & Jesse Coburn, 119 Herrick and Hussey, 118 J. Little's interval lot, 117 Barrell & Carey (school), 116 Wm Cutter. North of Cutter, Curtis & Saflord had 133, east of this T. Longley and L Coburn held 132, wliile north of the last two lots the heirs of Jona Mower had 138 and 139. John and Calvin Mower held 155 and John Mower 154 lying directly north of 138 and 139. 137 west of these is marked S. Adams, and 156, just north of this, is put down to Jona. Mower, Jr. D. Hooper has 139. 160 is delineated as a pond or marsh, and 161 largely so, but held by Bailey, 162 " Quimby and heirs of A. Mower." 158 is held by the heirs of J. Little and Mower, while tlie lot east, 152, is held by W. Mower and heirs of A. Mower. Following east down the stream, 151 is owned by the heirs of W. Sprague (also 104 immediately north), 150 by M. Sprague and others, 149 by heirs of J. Little and Harris. 140, the lot where stands Greene Depot, is held by Haskell and Adams. Going east 141 is owned by W. Mower and others, 142 by Benjamin Quimby, 143 by Silas Harris and Wilkins, 144 by S. Harris and heirs of Moses Harris, 145 by Wm Harris and heirs of Moses Harris. The last lot in this tier is 146 owned by J. Little's heirs and others, while going west in the next tier south is David Thompson and others owning lot 125 (undecipherable names on lot 126), David and Daniel Wilkins held lot 127, L Coburn and J. Coffin lot 128, and John and Jedediah Harris on 129. Gleanings from Totvn Records. — The first towu-meeting was held August 29, 1788, at the dwelHng-house of Samuel and Eli Herrick, on what is now the Patten farm. (All town-meetings were held here until 1793, when the annual meeting was adjourned to the new Baptist church.) Daniel Cony, Esq., was moderator. Benjamin Merrill, Sen., Lemuel Comins, John Larrabee, John Daggett, and Benjamin Alden, were chosen select- men; Benjamin Merrill, 3d, town clerk; Benjamin Merrill, Sen., John Daggett, and John Larrabee, assessors; William Sprague, town treasurer; Benjamin Merrill, Sen., Stephen Larrabee, and James Sprague, tithing-men ; William Sprague, Jacob Eames, Benjamin Brown, Lemuel Comins, Benjamin Alden, and William Coburn, surveyors of highways; Lemuel Comins and William Sprague, fence viewers; William Sprague and Joseph Herrick, field drivers; Ezekiel Hackett, Jr, informer of deer and moose; Joseph Herrick, Samuel Herrick, and Benjamin Quimby, hog-reeves; Jacob Eames, constable. The taxes were sold for collection to Benjamin Brown, at 1 1 pence on the pound. Voted to post up warrants, etc., at Messrs Sprague's and Crocker's mills, and at Messrs Samuel and Eli Herrick's dwelling-house. September 18, the first road was accepted. For representative to congress Hon. William Gorham had 12 votes. For the first elector of president and vice- president, William Widgery had 12; for the second, Daniel Cony, 8; Thomas Rice, 4. 1789, April 6, it was voted to raise 100 pounds, to be worked out on the highway at the Town of Greene. 507 rate of six shillings per day for men's labor, and four for oxen ; that twelve shillings of such tax should be assessed on each poll and the remainder upon estates. Voted that William Sprague procure a standard for dry measures, and that the town clerk purchase two books for town records, on the town's cost, containing one quire of paper each. November 2 accepted roads leading from main roads to John Daggett's, to upper side of town; from Samuel Herrick's to upper side of town; from main road to Abner Merrill's and to John Larrabee's; from William Sprague's to Reuben Coburn's, and several cross roads. 1790, April 5, Joseph Herrick, Luther Robbins, and Stephen Larrabee were chosen a committee to pick out two lots for the use of the ministry and schools, and to take deeds from the proprietors. For governor, John Hancock bad 20 votes. Voted to build a pound near the center of the town. 1791, April 4, it was voted that the law book belonging to the town be kept at the house of Messrs Samuel and Eli Herrick during the ensuing year. September, voted that surveyors of highways (each in his district) shall break or tread, or cause to be broken or trodden, the snow in the roads in his respective district when a snow falls five inches deep or upwards, within 48 hours after it falls. Voted that said roads shall be broken with a team of two creatures abreast, with a sled not less than 4 feet 4 inches wide. 1792, April 2, voted that Joseph Herrick have the privilege of keeping the town law-book this present year, with his engaging to bring it to all town-meetings. John Larrabee, William Sprague, and Eli Herrick were chosen a committee to look out a convenient place for a burying yard. May 7 Greene voted 3(5 to two in favor of the separation of the district of Maine from Massachusetts. 1793, April 1, for governor, John Hancock had 12 votes. 1794, April 7, Benjamin Morrill was chosen delegate to a convention to bo held at Portland to consider the expediency of the counties of York, Cumberland, and Lincoln being erected into a separate government, with instruction to vote against a separation if the new government would- bo more expensive than the present form. November 3 the town-meeting was held at the dwelling-house of Mr Samuel Herrick, and after adjourn- ment to the Baptist meeting-house, it was voted to hold town-meetings at that place in the future. (From this time until the town-house was built, all town-meetings were held in this church.) 1795, April 6, for governor, Samuel Adams had 35 votes. June 11, ''Voted to raise money to purchase a town stocl^ of amiuition," and then " voted to reconcider the last vote." 179G, April 4, for governor, Samuel Adams had 17 votes. $200 were voted for the repair of roads. 1797, June 26, John Daggett was allowed " 4 Dollars for Guide Board." An article in the warrant, to see if Elder Lemuel Jackson should be granted liberty to live upon lot No. 117, belonging to the town, was passed over. The Baptist society were given one-half of lot No. 140, belonging to the town, for the support of their minister. $60 were raised to purchase a town stock of ammunition. (There were very early two militia companies, one, the first, commanded by Captain John Daggett, the other by Colonel Sprague. Captain Daggett had a field on his farm where musters and trainings were held. On the top of the hill near the old Luther Robbins place is a level field formerly an old muster- field.) 1798, April 2, voted to deposit the town stock of ammuni- tion in the chamber of the Baptist meeting-house. October 1 Benjamin Merrill was chosen delegate to the convention at Hallowell to divide the county of Lincoln into two counties. 1799, April 1, $420 were voted for the repair of highways. 1800, April 7, $30 were raised for repairing roads, $200 for schools, and $65 for other necessary town charges. 1802, April 5, voted to release ten acres each of the ministerial lot to Samuel Mower and John Rowell for ten years, they to clear the land, put it to grass, and leave it well fenced. 1803, April, the town was re-divided into eleven school districts. John Mower, Joseph Herrick, and William Sprague were chosen a committee to build a wooden pound, 28 feet square and 7i feet high, posts and sills to be 8 inches square, rails 2h or 3 inches thick, 508 History of Androscoggin County. and from 5 to 6 inches wide, the timber to be cedar or white pine, the pound "to be located either on the lot where the meeting-house stands, or on Jonathan Mower's ground, as the committee may agree." 1805, April 1, the burying grounds were located: "1, on the corner of Ammi R. Cutter's lot nearest to Benjamin Parker's house; 2, on James Perce's land, northwesterly corner of lot 9; 3, on the northeast end of Daniel Crosman's land, on the county road, 10 rods x6 (not accepted by the town); on Jacob Eams's land, lots 227 and 230, laying by and on the west side of the road; 5, on John Allen's laud, where the ground is now improved for that use." The owners of the lands agreed to deed it to the town, provided the several districts would keep the ground fenced and in good order. 1806, April 7, for governor, James Sullivan had 113 votes, and Caleb Strong 10. 1807, April 6, voted to pay the expense of the pall or gravecloth purchased by Messrs Adams and Mower, and that the same should be kept by Jonathan Mower, who was directed to finish it off by binding and putting six tassels to it at the town's expense. 1808, April 4, $1,000 were raised for repairing roads, $500 for schools, and $300 for defraying other necessary town charges. 1809, May 1, voted that if a bank fail and the collector have bills on hand at that time and will make oath that he took none of them afterwards, then the town to bear the loss. 1810, April 2, for governor, Elbridge Gerry had 127 votes, and Christopher Gore 17. 1812, July 27, voted to make up to the detached militia of this town $10 per month, with the pay allowed by government, and the non-commissioned officers in the same ratio, and "voted to approbate the measures of our rulers." 1819, March 3, Luther Robbins was chosen representative from Greene to the General Court, with instructions to advocate the separation of the District of Maine from Massachusetts. September 20 Mr Robbins was chosen delegate to a convention to be held at Portland in October for the formation of a constitution for the new state, and December 6 the people of Greene by a unanimous vote expressed their approval of the constitution. 1820, April 3, for governor, William King had 79 votes, Ezekiel Whitman 18, James Wingate, 18, Luther Robbins 2. 1824, March 22, voted to pay 20 cents each to soldiers in lieu of rations, as the law requires. For governor, Albion K. Parris had 50 votes, and E. Barren 1. 1825, September 12, for governor, Albion K. Parris had 77 votes, and Stephen How 1. 1827, September 10, Hon. Enoch Lincoln had every vote cast for governor — 03. 1828, March 24, Moses Sprague, Silas Richardson, and John Quimby were chosen a com- mittee to procure information respecting the purchase of the old meeting-house for a town-house. 1830, for governor, Samuel E. Smith had 135 votes, and Jonathan G. Hunton 83. Voted that the selectmen petition the next legislature to determine the line between Greene and Lewiston. 1831, September 12, voted that the selectmen procure a hearse for the use of the town. 1835, March 30, the selectmen were instructed to inquire into the expediency of building a town-house. September 28, the interest arising from the ministerial fund was apportioned among the several religious denominations in Greene as follows: To the Free Society, $111.55; to the Universalists, $111.55; to the Calvinist Baptists, $90.04; to the Freewill Baptists, $41.83; to the Methodists, $31.38. 1837, April 4, Captain Benjamin Allen was appointed agent to receive the surplus money from the state, and Elijah Barrell, Moses Sprague, Tristram Hill, and Aaron Daggett were associated with him as a committee to loan the money in sums not less than $10, nor more than $100, to the inhabitants of the town, and take satisfactory security for its re-payment. 1838, John Fairfield (Dem.) had 153 votes for governor, Edward Kent 121, and F. 0. J. Smith 1. 1840, September 14, Kent (Whig) received a majority of Greene's gubernatorial vote. His vote was 147 to John Fairfield's 143. 1842, March 22, "Voted that the Select- men Don't grant licenses the present year" [for the sale of intoxicating liquors]. Town of Greene. 509 1843, February 6, Hannah Bouney had one vote for representative to the legislature from the district of Greene and JMonmouth. J845, Benjamin P. Rackley was chosen constable and collector, and to avoid having to wait five or six years for the proceeds of the taxes, it was voted that the collector should receive no percentage for collecting unless he closed his bills within one year. September 8, "Voted that the traders of Greene be licensed to sell spirituous liquors in said town." 1848, July 1, the selectmen were instructed to take such measures as they see fit to oppose the petition of John Lombard and others to be set off into Webster. September 15, the selectmen were instructed by a unanimous vote to petition for a post-office at Greene Corner. 1850, March 8, the selectmen were instructed to petition the post-office department to change the names of the post-offices in Greene, calling the one at the depot, Greene post-office, and the one at the Corner, Greene Corner post-office. 1851, September 1, a committee of one from each religious denomination in town was directed to prepare papers, headed by the names of the Calvinist Baptist, Free- will Baptist, Universalist, and JSIethodist denominations, and put tbem into the hands of the school agents to be presented to every voter in their respective districts for their signature, to be placed in the column headed by the denomination by whom he would choose to have the ministerial fund expended. 1854, March 20, voted that every person in town be required to give in his valuation under oath; and every person refusing so to do shall be doomed in such a sum as the assessors shall see fit. October 2, Greene voted by 227 to 26 that Lewistou should be the shire town of the new county of Androscoggin. 1855, September 10, for governor the total vote was 302, the largest vote yet in the history of the town. Samuel Wells had 143 votes, Anson P. Morrill 139, Isaac Reed 20. 1856, September 8, Hannibal Hamlin had 165 votes for governor, Samuel Wells 105, George F. Patten II. 1857, March 16, Benjamin Allen, Augustus Sprague, and Ingerson Parker were appointed a committee to buy a poor- farm for the town. 1858, June 7, the vote stood: For the prohibitory law of 1858, 146 votes; for the license law of 1856, none. 1860, September 10, for governor, Israel Washburn, Jr, had 162 votes, Ephraira K. Smart 117, Phineas Barnes, 3. 1863, January 16, Robert S. EUms was designated at a meeting called for that purpose for appointment as postmaster at Greene. 1865, April 12, voted to raise $6,000, to pay in part the debt of the town. 1868, March 23, voted that school districts be allowed to choose their own school agents. 1869, April, it was voted to" revoke the liquor agent's license and return the liquors now on hand to the state liquor agency within five days. 1871, March 20, the school agents were authorized to employ teachers in their respective districts. 1872, August 20, the selectmen were authorized to appoint a liquor agent for ensuing year, and it was voted that the liquor agent should be allowed to make sales of liquors for medical purposes only upon prescription or certificate of some regular physician, and should preserve all certificates on which he made sales and exhibit the same as vouchers on the settlement of his accounts. 1873, January 18, voted to exempt from taxation for the term of ten years any property which might be invested for the purpose of manufacturing in the town. March 17, voted to raise $150 for a free high school and to leave the matter of locating and conducting said school in the hands of the superintending school committee. September 8, for governor, Nelson Dingley, Jr, had 81 votes, Joseph Titcomb 71, and Joseph H. Williams 4. 1874, September 14, Nelson Dingley, Jr, had 80 votes fbr governor, and Joseph Titcomb 68. 1875, January 22, Augustus Sprague was chosen agent, to oppose the annexation of a portion of the tow^i to Lewiston. 1878, April 3, the selectmen and treasurer were authorized to fund the town debt for $8,000 at four per cent., to be paid $1,000 per year after five years. September 9, for governor, Joseph L. Smith had 104 votes, Selden Connor 90, and Alonzo Garcelon 32. 1879, September 8, for governor, Joseph L. Smith 102 votes, Daniel 510 History of Androscoggin County. F. Davis 98, Alonzo Garcelon 43, S. D. Greenlief 7. 1880, September ]3, for governor, Harris M. Plaisted 155, and Daniel F. Davis 124. 1887 voted C. S. Stetson supervisor of schools instead of a school committee. 1888, March 12, a committee was appointed to make all necessary arrangements for a centennial anniversary. 1890, September 8, for governor, Edwin C. Burleigh had 85 votes, William P. Thompson 63, Aaron Clark 6, Isaac K. Clark 1. 1891, March 9, it was voted to abolish the district system. Appropriations: Highways, $500 in money and $1,600 in labor; schools, $800; purchase of school books, $100; current expenses, $800; payment on debt and interest, $100; observance of Memorial Day, $15. Early Action Concerning Schools. — 1790, October 4, John Larrabee, William Sprague, and Joseph Herrick were chosen a committee to define the limits of the school districts. 1791, April 4, voted £12 for schools, the tax to be paid in produce — wheat, six shillings a bushel, rye, six shillings, Indian corn, four shiUiugs. 1793, £20 were voted for the support of schools. 1794, April 7, voted to raise £30 for schools, and Lemuel Corains, Jacob Eams, Asa Kolfe, Sen., Solomon Bates, Sen., John Larrabee, William Mower, Jesse Coburn, and Jabez Bates were chosen school committee. 1796, April 4, voted to raise £15 for schools. 1797, April 3, £40 were voted for schools. 1798 voted $200 for schools. 1799, April 1, the school districts were arranged as follows: First district beginning at the south- erly corner of the town, and on the Post Road as far as John Pettengill's, taking the two roads which lead, one by Captain Daggett's, the other by Benjamin Merrill's as far to the north as Samuel Tolbut's; second, beginning at Asa Eose's, Jr, taking all the mountain, so called, and to the northwesterly corner of the town, thence easterly as far as Cyrus Deane's, taking in Abiathar Richmond, John Caswell, and John Walker, etc.; third, beginning at Joseph Dunham's on the road to Benjamin Parker's, thence taking the north- easterly road to Amaziah Reed's, inclusively; fourth, containing all the other inhabitants of the town. .$200 was raised for schools, Lemuel Comins, John Larrabee, Benjamin Alden, William Sprague were chosen school committee, and directed to collect the school tax. 1801, April 6, $333.33 raised for schools. The school committee for 1802 were Benjamin Thomas, Thomas Stevens, Simeon Rose, Moses Harris, Zebedee Shaw, Barthol- omew Coburn, Cyrus Dean, David Littlefield, Phillip Judkins, Samuel Bates, Ammi R. Cutter. Voted to raise $250 for schools. 1803, April 4, voted to choose two persons out of each school district for a committee to district the town anew. Chose Benjamin Merrill, 3d, Freeman Landers, Captain John Daggett, Simon Wheeler, Jacob Eams, Aruna Briggs, Jarius Phillips, Benjamin Alden, Joseph Dunham, Solomon Bates, Cyrus Dean, John Caswell, Seth Barden, Luther Robbins, William Sprague, James Wesson, Ammi R. Cutter, John Mower, Captain Joseph Herrick, Jesse Coburn, James Peary, and Eliakim Hatch, for said committee. 1804 voted to raise $400 for schools. 1805, April 1, voted that the stake set up by the selectmen on the pitch of the hill on Eli Herrick's ground, be the place to build a school-house in the fifth district. 1808, April 4, $500 voted for schools. 1809 a meeting of school district No. 7 was called for January 22, to see what sum the district would raise to build a school-house. In 1817, the towm "voted to choose three committee- men to examine the schoolmasters," and Elijah Barrell, Dr Ammi R. Cutter, and Nathaniel Herrick were chosen "committeemen," and these were active many years. Town of Greene. 511 CHAPTER XXVJII. Settlers and Descendants. SETTLERS AND DESCENDANTS.— i>mc-ow Lemuel Cmnmhu/^' was, probably, the third person to make his home in the wilderness of Greene. He came from North Yarmouth, but was a native of Charlton, Mass., coming to Maine in 1775. Deacon Cummings was the first deacon of the Baptist church, and, when the society was without a pastor, he was the acknowledged leader in the religious services. His house was one of the first framed houses built in town. He settled in the same neighborhood with Captain Daggett. Two of his sons, Lemuel and Peter, were deacons. Rev. Silas S. Cummings, born May 22, 1814, graduated from Kent's Hill Seminary in 1839, and, in 1840, became a clergyman and joined the Maine Conference of the M. E. church, and, until he was commissioned chaplain of the Fourth R. I. Regiment, in January, 1863, preached in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachu- setts, and Rhode Island. After serving as chaplain he was employed in the Christian Commission, and July 1, 1868, was appointed missionary agent of the Baldwin Place Home for Little Wanderers in Boston, and began a career of usefulness in connection with that institution which is notj^et ended. Thoinm Taylor resided near the center for a time, but exchanged his real estate with Joseph Herrick, who moved from Boxford, Mass., to Lewiston in 1772, came to Greene in 1780; married Mercie Preston, of Wilmington, October, 1775; she died August 16, 1820, and lie in September. She was a woman of strong intellect. Her sons inherited her mental force, and as a family were unequaled for scholarship and business capacit}^ by any in town. Of the sons. General Jedediah settled in Hampden; Joseph in Harmony; Samuel emigrated to Cincinnati, O., and died in New Orleans. Natlianiel, Seth, and Henry settled in Greene. The daughter, Betsey, became the wife of Caleb Bates, of Greene. UU and Samuel Herrlek, twin brothers, came from Methuen, Mass., in 1780. Eli died in 1813. Samuel moved to Leeds, and died in 1844. The Larrabee Family, from Yarmouth, settled between the center and west part of the town. Deacon John Larrabee, one of the first selectmen, filled the office several years, and was a joiner by trade. He had four sons and six daughters. Nathaniel married Penelope House, of Turner, lived several years 1 The name Cummings was originally De Comines, the family having been domiciled iu France. 512 History op Androscoggin County. ill town, moved to Parkniaii, where lie died, aged 83 years. John married Cynthia Mower, lived on the homestead, and died at 84. Josiah married Lurina Phillips. He died in Auburn aged 80. Ammi, the youngest, died at the age of 70. Sarah married Rev. Phineas Pillsbury; Phebe, Alpheus Drake, of Minot; Mary, Benjamin Parker, of Greene Corner; Hannah, William Parker, brother of Benjamin; Margaret, Thaddeus Sawyer; Deborah married Isaiah Coburn. Deacon John Larrabee died of the cold fever in 181G. He was eminent for piety. Stephen Larrahee^ brother of Deacon John, had five sons and four daughters. Samuel, William, and Jeremiah married daughters of Samuel Mower. Samuel lived several years on the homestead, moved to Leeds, and died aged 82. William settled first in New Portland, then moved to Wisconsin. Jeremiah settled in Parkman. One daughter married Joseph Herrick, Jr, and settled in Harmony. Rhoda married Deacon Daniel Briggs, of Minot; Polly married a Mr Waterman of Minot; Susanna lived in Leeds. Benjamin Raeldey came from Yarmouth when the Larrabees did, and settled on a farm adjoining Deacon Larrabee's, who was a brother to his wife. He had four sons, Benjamin, Samuel, Stephen, and one that died young. Benjamin's farm joined Deacon Larrabee's, being the one where William M. Longley now lives. He died at about 75. He married a daughter of Jairus Phillips. He was the father of B. Phillips Rackley, one of our best farmers, who lived near Greene Corner, where the old stage driver, Thomas Longley, lived. Samuel lived on the home farm till his death, at 28. Stephen settled in Leeds, was several years in trade, and accumulated a good property. One of the daughters. Temperance, married William Mower; Mary married Zebedee Shaw; another married a Mr Deane, of Leeds; the other, Asa Barden. Ahner Brown settled on the next lot to Benjamin Rackley. His sons were Samuel, married Elizabeth Mower; Benjamin, married a daughter of Jacob Stevens; Moses, Ambrose, and Abner. William Coburn came from Dracut, Mass., about 1783, with his sons, Jesse, Eliphalet, Joshua, William, and Joel. Joshua subsequently moved to Park- man, and Joel to Lagrange. Eliphalet died aged 55, William not long after, and Deacon Jesse at 83. All were men of piety. Isaiah, oldest son of Jesse, lived on what was known as the Key farm, near Keene's Corner; Jesse, the second son, at Barkerville, Lewiston. Deacon Jesse Coburn was born in Dracut, Mass., in March, 1765 ; he came to Greene when 18 years old, and resided here until his death, December 18, 1847. He was for many years deacon of the Baptist church, and was much esteemed. His youngest son, Calvin S., was born in Greene, September 1, 1813, on the farm where he now lives, and has been an agriculturist. He married Mary Keay, of Wolf- borough, N. H. Their son, Henry Harrison Coburn, was born in Greene, November 5, 1839, was educated at common schools and Maine State Seminary. He married Charlotte E. Robinson, and has children, Mary L., Benjamin A., Town of Greene. 513 and Reid R. Mi- Coburn enlisted in the 2d D. C. Inf. Regt. (President's Guard), in May, 18(32, and served three years. He is a Baptist, a deacon of the church, a Republican, a member of the G. A.^R. and I. O. G. T., and is now serving his fifth year as selectman. He is a farmer, and the place were the Coburn's settled, which has since been known as Coburn Corner, and the farm on which William Coburn located, has never passed out of the name, and is now owned by the heirs of Simeon Coburn. John Mower (born in 1758) with wife, Elizabeth Edwards (a relation of the celebrated Jonathan Edwards) came from Charlton, Mass., about 1786, and moved into a temporary shelter and commenced clearing the forest where his grandson, Wilbur F. Mower, now lives, and in a few years by industry and tact had quite a clearing. He was a man of strong constitution, and understood the art of planning his work. His wife was willing and able to assist in this pioneer life, and with all the characteristic qualities of her family, which her children no doubt inherited, she was a most valuable acquisition to the young settlement. Mr Mower died aged 94 years and 10 months. They had seven sons and four daughters. The oldest son, John, known for 25 years as Master Mower, was educated at Hebron Academy and was one of the first school teachers born in town. He is remembered for his social and friendly habits and as a peacemaker. He was also a farmer. He married Mehitable Andrews (who died December 1, 1873), and died November 29, 1829, aged nearly 47 years. Jabez, the second son, went to Vermont in 1811 to settle on land given his father by John Mower, of Maiden, Mass. He was 18 months in the War of 1812, and later was colonel of the militia. He died in Vermont in 1870, aged 83. The thii-d son was Martin, who ultimately settled in Bangor, cleared a large farm, ke[)t tavern several years, and built a meeting-honse and parsonage on his own land. Leonard, another son, born in 1794, was educated at Farm- ington Academy and was a farmer. He served as selectman, was drum-major, and a trial justice for many years, and proved his ability. He married Lydia Robbins, who died at the age of 94. He died aged 82. Calvin, Oliver, and Josiah settled in Greene, as farmers. Josiah moved to Barkerville (Lewiston), and died in 18G9. Oliver Mower was born February 19, 1802, and has been a farmer, school teacher, justice of the peace, selectman, and was an ensign in the militia. He married Harriet H. Robinson, who died aged 67. Their children were Lowell M., Wilbur F., Francis O., a graduate of Bates, now teaching in California; Seward P. (dec.) ; Julia, "married V. H. Sprague ; and Harriet, married Gecn-ge Rowell. Mr Mower has been a worthy citizen. He was one of the members at the reorganization of the Free Baptist church, its clerk for thirty years, and has been deacon. In 1872 he wrote an historical sketch of Greene for the Atlas of Androscoggin county, from which we have obtained much of value. Lowell Mason Moiver is a prominent member of the Free Baptist church and succeeded his father as church clerk, and has been chorister 514 History of Androscoggin County. for 35 years. He married Mary Clark Small, of Limington, and has two sons, Walter Lindley and Charles Mason. Wilbur F. Moiver was born in Greene, December 23, 1841. He was educated at common schools and Lewiston Falls Academy, and has been a school teacher and farmer. He served in the Civil War from July, 1862, until its close, as private, corporal, sergeant, color- bearer, orderly sergeant, and lieutenant in Company I, Sixteenth Maine. He was twice wounded and twice taken prisoner, and always showed the gallantry and courage of a true soldier. Mr Mower is a Republican, a Baptist, a member of the G. A. R., and an Odd Fellow, is an industrious and worthy citizen, and stands high in the estimation of his townsmen. He married Esther A. Longley in 1878; their children are Seward F., George L., and L. Blaine. Galvin Moiver, fifth son of John Mower, was a man of more than ordinary knowledge. He was a farmer by occupation, taught school and music, and was somewhat of a chemist. He was the father of Melville C. Mower, who with Sanford Mower and George Norris did the first work in Greene on the railroad. The daughters of John Mower, the pioneer, were Betsey (married Samuel Brown), Pamelia (married Ireson Parker), Jemima (married Samuel Ranlett, of Monmouth), now 94 years old, resides with L. M. Mower, and is the oldest person in town, retaining her faculties to a wonderful degree, Cynthia (married John Larrabee). John O. Moiver, son of John Mower, Jr, was born in Greene, April 19, 1820, and became a farmer. He married Julia A. Libby in 1842. Their children are Leonard C. (dec), Wallace W., Emeline L. (dec), Clara S. (dec). Mr Mower is a member of the Baptist society, and a Republican. He was the first man in town to mulch fruit trees and introduce the system of scientific orcharding that has become such a source of revenue. In this department he is an artist as well as an artisan. As a citizen he stands in the front rank. Alfred P. Mower, brother of John C, was born in Greene, June 17, 1824, and is a farmer and orchardist. He married Elizabeth G. Smith. Their son, Alfred A., was born August 10, 1800, and is a farmer on the home farm with his father. They devote time and labor to the improvement of their orchards and raise fine fruit. Mr Mower is a Baptist and a Republican. Frank N. Mower, son of Leonard and Lydia (Robbins) Mower, was born June 5, 1832. He is a mechanic and land surveyor. He has been selectman several years, town clerk and treasurer, and is a trial justice. He married Helen O. Shaw, January 11, 1857. Their daughter, Carrie Linwood, died April 1, 1881, aged 21 years and 4 months. Mr Mower attends the Baptist church, and politically believes "For forms of government let fools contest, What'er is best administered is best." Everett L. Mower, the oldest merchant at the Depot, was born in Greene, April 14, 1838, and was the son of Leonard and Lydia (Robbins) Mower. Town of Greene. 515 Mr Mower established himself in the grocery business at the Depot in 1861. He was postmaster from 1863 to 1886, and was again appointed in 1889. He was selectman in 1877 and 1878, and town treasurer in 1889. Mr Mower has always been an ardent Republican, and in religion he is a Baptist. He married February 1, 1863, Julia Alexander. JonatJimi Motver, elder brother of John, Sen., came from Charlton, Mass., with his brother, and settled on an adjoining farm. He had three sons and two daughters, and died in 1841, aged 83. William, his oldest son, lived in Farmington, Jay, and Temple, where he died at 82. Jonathan, Jr, settled in Turner, where his sons, Harrison and Albion K. P. settled and became enter- prising farmers. He died in 1862. Peter S., the third son, settled in Jay. Thomas Stevens and wife, Esther Tucker, moved from Charlton, Mass., in 1786, and settled in the west part of the town. He was an energetic and suc- cessful farmer. Mr Stevens, his wife, and a grandchild lost their lives by the burning of their house. His son John moved away; Aaron and Benjamin settled in town ; Benjamin subsequently moved to Auburn. Thomas, grand- son of Thomas, located at Fogg's Corner. Jacob, brotiier of Thomas, came from Charlton, married Martha Pettengill, of Lewiston, located on the farm near his brother. He was a man of endurance and activity, and accumulated a handsome property. He died in 1844. He had three sons: Jacob, who settled on a farm adjoining his father; John, who later moved to New Jersey, and Lora B. Be7ijamm Alden, a descendant of John Alden, was one of the early settlers. He was a native of Connecticut, and having served in the Revolution, came to this town soon after its close. He located on lot 241, afterwards occupied by Lewis Gilbert, who married his daughter Eunice. Beside the land owned by him in Greene, he bought and cleared extensive tracts in Turner near Keen's Mills. To each of his four sons he gave a valuable farm. He was a black- smith and followed the business in connection with his clearing and farming. He belonged to the Society of Friends, was in good standing among his fellow- townsmen, and served as selectman sixteen years ; and when he died, at the age of 84, it was said that he never had an enemy. Luther Rohhins came from Hanover, Mass., about 1788, and settled first in the northeasterly part, and later at Greene Corner. He was a very indus- trious, ready, and accurate business man. He was selectman, town clerk, representative to the General Court of Massachusetts several years, and post- master, holding each office many years and with fidelity and ability. He was proverbial for honesty and generosity. His sons were : Natiianiel, settled first in Winthrop, then Greene, next in Bangor, and then in the West, and possessed the valuable traits of the father ; Charles, in earlj^ life a cabinet maker, lived in Winthrop, and afterwards in Greene, was an autlior and composer of several pieces of music; Luther, Jr, a very ingenious mechanic, was first deacon of 516 History of Androscoggin County. the Free Baptist church in Greene, and spent most of his life in town, but died in Skowhegan; Reuben settled in Greene, was a good farmer, and the father of John M. Robbins, who has been very successful in business, is a shrewd and careful financier, and is prominent in banking circles in Lewiston, where he resides. He is president of Manufacturers National Bank; Martin was drowned in Sprague's mill-stream at the age of 14; Calvin, the youngest, established himself in trade in Bangor. The daughters were Nancy, Betsey, who married Dr Alfred Pierce, and Lydia, who married Leonard Mower, Esq. Harrison Rose, son of Bradford and Mercy (Keene) Rose, was born in Greene in 1815. Bradford Rose was born in Taunton, Mass., and came to Greene in 1789. He located on lot 213, on the Androscoggin. His wife, daughter of John and Jerusha (Blake) Keene was also born in Taunton, and came when very young, in June, 1777, witli her father's family, to Turner. The land journey was made in an ox-wagon, with a horse hitched behind. June 8, 1800, Bradford Rose and Mercy Keene were married. Their cliildren were Jane, Alden, Rebecca, Mercy, Polly, John, Roxania, Emerson, and Harri- son. Harrison Rose has been one of the representative farmers of Greene. He married Lottie F. Gould, and his residence, Maplewood Farm, is one of the pleasant homes of the town. He is a Democrat in politics, a Universalist in religion, was chairman of the board of selectmen for several years, and a member of the legislature in 1861. He was in early life interested in military matters, was captain in the militia, and served in the bloodless Aroostook war. Simeon Rose came from Taunton about 1790, and settled in the northwest part of the town, and had seven children. Simeon and Ginefill lived and died in Greene. Hazael lived in Leeds, and Humphrey moved to Turner. Alanson and Solomon, grandchildren of Simeon, Sen., subsequently occupied the farm where he settled. John Allen, a native of Pembroke, Mass., born in 1760, emigrated to Turner about 1786, and was the first collector of the town. He had been a soldier in the Revolution. In 1790 he moved to Greene and settled on lot 207 on Clark's mountain. He died in 1834, aged 74. His mother was cousin of President John Adams. His children were John and Jairus, who lived in Turner, Thomas in Freeman, Gains went to Vermont, Isaac to Auburn, Ichabod died when 28, Sewall died when 19, Benjamin resided on the farm adjoining his father, and was born March 17, 1797, and died July 7, 1884. He was selectman and assessor for many years, representative several years, and was captain in the miUtia. He married Mira Blake, of Turner. She died in 1872, aged 69. They had two sons and seven daughters. Sewall, the eldest, studied medicine, married Lovisa Additon ; Benjamin E. lives on the homstead; Charlotte married Captain George T. Howe; Cynthia married Duane Mower; Lydia B.; Fannie married Dr Lewis Beal; Louisa A., married John M. Robbins, of Lewiston: Sabrina; Myra D. married David Libby. Benjamin Uvans Allen was born Town of Greene. 517 in Greene, July 9, 1842; he married Lucinda R., daughter of Andrew J. Harris, in 1884. He is a Universalist and a Democrat, a member of the Grange, and tills the ancestral acres. Ulisha Keen about 1790 settled on a farm on the river. He had seven sons and six daughters. Elisha and Lincoln lived in Auburn, John at Keen's Corner, Samuel and Blake in Turner, Abiathar in Leeds. S. W. Mitchell married a daughter and occupied the old homestead. William Saioyer came from Wells about 1791, arriving, as he informed Oliver Mower, at evening with his wife and money enough to buy a gallon of molasses and a pound of tea. The next morning he purchased on credit of Jacob Stevens a bushel of corn and a piece of pork. The corn he took upon his shoulder and carried some six or eight miles to mill. With his bushel of meal, piece of pork, gallon of molasses, and pound of tea, he began house- keeping. From this modest beginning he became an independent farmer. His son, Captain Thaddeus Sawyer, who inherited his property, was a very intelli- gent jnan. Nathaniel L. Saivyer, son of Captain Thaddeus Sawyer, was born in Greene about 1815, and was graduated from Bowdoin in 1838. His natural abilities were of a very high order, and as a writer of prose and poetry he exhibited great originality, strength of thought, and vigor of style. He was admitted to the Kennebec bar, and practiced law a short time in Gardiner. He died of consumption in Greene in 1845. John E. Sawyer^ son of Captain Sawyer, has been a farmer in Greene. It is through his efforts that we are enabled to give so full a history of the Calvinist Baptist church. Zehedee Shaw came from Middleborongh, Mass., about 1790, with his parents, and located on lot 176, cleared his farm and made his home. He was one of the early selectmen and held many town offices. He married Mary, daughter of Benjamin Rackley. Their son, Samuel, was born December 16, 1800, and died February 22, 1868. Samuel was a farmer and carpenter. His son, Roscoe V. Shaw, born March 27, 1831, married Emma Deane. Mr Shaw was a farmer on the home farm. He died May 26, 1881. Truman M. jShaw, son of Roscoe V. and Emma (Deane) Shaw, was born in Greene, November 14, 1866, and educated in Greene and Lewiston. He married, September 27, 1887, Annie S. Additon ; he is a Methodist and a Republican, and occupies and conducts the farm where his ancestors settled a century ago. The Harris brothers, John, Silas, Moses, and Barron, came to Greene prior to 1795. They were sons of Lawrence J. Harris. [See history of Lewiston.] Johi had three sons : John ; Joseph, who was a seafaring man, and married Cynthia Record; Jedediah, who went West. Silas had five sons: Nathaniel, a popular school teacher, a farmer, and merchant; he died in Greene; Silas, William, Aretas, and Josiah. Moses Little Harris, born December 25, 1772, was a man of great business ability. In connection with farming, he had a tannery, manufactured harnesses, and kept goods for sale, acquired wealth, 518 History of Androscoggin County. and died December 1, 1820. He was captain of the militia. He married Rachel Hooper, who died March 18, 18G9, aged 95 years. They had four sons: David H., Moses, Henry S. (he married a daughter of David Thompson; their three .daughters were fine school teachers), Andrew J. Captain Andrew Jackson Harris, son of Moses L. and Rachel (Hooper) Harris, was born in Greene, January 22, 1815. He was educated at Greene and Lewiston, and resides on the extensive homestead farm. He married, December 18, 1840, Lucy Ann Greenwood, a member of the celebrated family to which belonged Rev. Dr Greenwood, once the pastor and noted preacher of King's Chapel, Boston. Mr Harris is of the famous Judge Story line. Their children are Lucinda R. (married Benjamin Evans Allen), Rev. Moses H., Greenwood (a farmer), and Andrew Jackson (a carpenter and shoemaker). Captain Harris has been selectman of Greene, and captain of militia for many years. He attends the Universalist church, is Democratic in his political views, a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Patrons of Husbandry. Rev. Moses H. Harris, A.M., D.I)., was born in Greene, May 14, 1845. He fitted for college at Edward Little Institute, Auburn, and engaged in merchandising in Lewiston with success. He was an original member of the Bates Street Universalist church of Lewiston, and was baptized by immersion in the Androscoggin river — the first of this faith in Lewiston to receive the rite in this form. He then prepared himself for the ministry, graduating with honors in 1870 at St Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y., and, July 3, 1870, became pastor of the First LTniversalist church of Brattleboro, Vt. He organized churches in various places in Vermont and New Hampshire, for eight years was secretary of the state convention, and his successful labors wrought a marvelous change for good in the church work of the state. During his pastorate, which ended in 1879, he received 337 members. He became pastor of the first Universalist church of Worcester, Mass., October 5, 1879. Here he built up one of the largest congregations and Sunday schools of his denomination, cleared off a church debt of |28,000, and, in 1884, as an off-shoot of his society, formed the Second (All Souls) church, with a church edifice built and paid for. Li 1888 he received the degree of A. M. from a New York college. In 1890 he received a unanimous call to the Church of the Redeemer in Chicago, 111., and commenced his labors there May 4, 1890. In June, 1891, St Lawrence University conferred upon him the degree of D.D. Dr Harris was trustee and director of the Universalist Piiblishing House, Boston, from 1871 to 1881 ; member of the executive board of Massachusetts Universalist State Convention eight years ; trustee of Dean Academy (Franklin, Mass.) eight years; and was on the Board of Visitors of Tufts Divinity School. He is a prominent Free Mason and an Odd Fellow. He married in 1871 Zelia E., daughter of Ambrose Willson, of Canton, N. Y.; she is a graduate of the Col- lege of Letters and Sciences and of a French college in Montreal. Few men Town of Greene. 519 of his years can show such results from their labors. He stands very high in his denomination. Daniel Wllkins came from Dracut, Mass., about 1702, and located in the Harris neighborhood. He deserved his prosperity as he was an industrious and frugal farmer. He had three sons, David, Daniel (who married a daughter of Seth Herrick), and Enos, who succeeded to the homestead (Scott and Fraidc Wilkins are the present owners); his daughter married Eliphalet Coburn. David Wilkins settled on lot 143, and was a successful farmer, having his father's characteristics. He was called to his country's defense in 1812, to which he heartily responded, and was stationed at Bath. His daughter Araxine, married, February 28, 1867, Marshall Sawyer, son of Isaac and Eleanor (Wes- cott) Sawyer, of Gorham. Mr Isaac Sawyer, born March 22, 1794, was a soldier in 1812, and stationed at Portland. Marshall Saw3^er was born at Gorham, February 22, 1818. He was educated at Foxcroft and Charleston academies, and became a teacher. He came to Greene in 1809, and now owns and resides on the David Wilkins farm. His children are Alice M., a teacher and book-keeper; Edward P., entry clerk for Milliken & Co., Portland; Annie M., Lyndon W., John M., and Mary E. Mr Sawyer is a member of the Con- gregational church of Garland, and is a Republican in politics. John Moulton, the first of the family in Greene, located on lot 102. The Moultons are of Norman origin, and the name was originally de Miilton. As early as 1635 several of the family emigrated from England to America. John Moulton tilled the land where he settled in Greene, and was an industrious farmer, and died at the age of 86. His son Joel, born September 27, 1809, followed the vocation of his father, mariied Elizabeth Given, born in 1810, who died aged 80; Joel Moulton was 63 years old at the time of his death. Tlieir son, John W. Moulton., was born in Greene, January 12, 1849, and has always resided in town. He married Mary C. Hill; they have a daughter, Clara Ella Moulton. Mr Moulton is an agriculturist, a Republican, a Free Baptist, and a good and useful citizen. Tlie Stetmns are descendants of Cornet Robert Stetson. [See sketch of Professor W. W. Stetson.] Batchele.r Stetson, of Hanover, Mass., emigrated to New Gloucester, and in 1791 moved to Greene, and settled on the place now owned and occupied by Reuben Stetson. He married Margaret Nash, of New Gloucester. Their children were Hannah, Deborah, Turner, Caleb. Batcheler Stetson served through the Revolutionary War, and in the battle of Bennington received a charge of powder in his face. He died in 1825. Turner Stetson, born in 1788, died in 1847. He married Thankful Lombard, who was born in 1795 and died in 1848. He was a farmer, and lieutenant in the militia. His son Reuhe7i Stetson, born March 25, 1813, followed the sea, was mate for six years, and is the only survivor of the crew that took the Stevens exploring party to Mexico and Central America. Subsequently he conducted his farm. 520 History of Androscoggin County. He married Christiana, daughter of David Thompson, a very amiable lady. He is a Republican and a Universalist. Their cliildren were : Rev. Herbert Lee Stetson, D.D., born in Greene, October 16, 1847. When 16 he attended Edward Little Institute, Auburn, and later Monmouth Academy. His course of study was interrupted by seasons spent in teaching. In 1868 he entered Colby University. He removed to Illinois in 1871, was ordained at Griggs- ville, September 16, and was in charge of the Baptist church for three years. He added many to the church, and through his instrumentality a meeting-house costing 115,000 was built. From 1874 until 1878 he attended Morgan Park Theological Seminary, and was graduated as B.D. He was then called to the Baptist church of Logansport, Ind., and remained 10 years. He was an editor of the Indiana Baptist five years, and for three years was on the board of trustees of Indiana University. In 1886 Dr Stetson was awarded the degree of A.M., and in 1888 the degree of D.D. by Franklin College. He was called to the pastorate of the First Baptist Church of Des Moines, Iowa, in 1887, and subse- quently was one of the executive committee of Des Moines College and teacher of the scriptures. His services led to his unanimous election as president of the college in March, 1889, which was accepted. The endorsements of his especial fitness for the position were many. General T. J. Morgan, president of the State Normal School, Providence, R. I., said: " I believe Mr Stetson has many and peculiar qualifications for the position — good sense, energy, scholar- ship, executive force, teaching power, and that which underlies all else, high personal character." The students recognize in him a true friend and coun- selor, and his untiring labors for their interest are highly appreciated. Prof. W. R. Harper, of Yale, who had been closely associated with him several years, wrote: "Elect Rev. H. L. Stetson president, and give him full swing. Should this be done and provision made for the expenses of the next three years, the institution at Des Moines within five years would stand in the front rank of western institutions." William Wallace (see Auburn). Clement Skolfield, born June 10, 1853, has been a teacher and a lawyer in Illinois, and conducted a wholesale business in Indiana. Since 1884 he has resided on the home farm. James Henrij, born May 27, 1855, died May 2, 1884. He was a farmer and a very successful teacher, greatly esteemed and beloved. Benjamin Parker came from Freeport about 1800. Of his sons, Benjamiii was an active business man, and according to Oliver Mower was the originator of the business of Greene Corner. He erected the house and barn at the Corner, now owned" by Adelbert I. Clark, more than 80 years ago ; he also kept tavern, a store, carried on blacksmithing, etc., and went West about 1813. Ireson settled in town. Edivard died in the War of 1812. Ingerson, it is thought, died at sea. William married Hannah, daughter of Deacon John Larrabee. The farm on which he settled lies on the river, and is unsurpassed for ease of culture and productiveness. He had seven sons Town of Greene. 521 and four daughters. He held office in the militia, and died September 15, 1850. Ingerson, the oldest, had a large and valuable place adjoining the homestead. Anslem 0. was in trade and died in 1850. Ammi L. graduated at Bowdoin College in 1838, was a contractor, died in Auburn in 1883. William S. married Mary A. Jack ; he was killed in the gale of July, 1870, while gathering hay. Alfred and Albion went to California, where they passed many years. The daughters were Almirn, who married John Townsend ; J'«W6' married Jones Bradbury; 3I<( r i/ marvied Lincoln Jack; and Lois, John Staples. Ingerson Parker, oldest son of William and Hannah (Larrabee) Parker, was born October 8, 1808, in Greene, and was educated in his native town. He was a farmer and school-teacher, served as selectman, and one of the school committee for many years. He married first Pamelia Parker, second, Ann W. Whitman. He died February 6, 1881. Earl Byron Parker, son of Ingerson and Pamelia P. Parker, was born in Greene, March 4, 1839. He was educated in Greene, Lewiston, and Auburn, and Hebron and Peru academies, and has taught 30 terms of school. He is a farmer and a lawyer, studied with Calvin Record in Auburn, and was admitted to the bar in April, 1866. He is a Baptist and a Republican. He and his brother, Horace Scott Parker, born in 1843, occupy the homestead of their father ; another brother, Benjamin, died in 1867. John Parker, son of William, and grandson of Benjamin, was born in Greene, June 17, 1820, and has always lived on the place owned by his father, which he occupied and conducted with his brother William S. until his death by falling of the barn in 1870. This barn was 100x40 feet, and when built was the largest in the county. John Parker is a farmer and makes specialties of good hay and fine stock. He is a Baptist and Republican. He married, in 1850, Mary S. Thompson, of Topsham, They have had these children : Corris A., John S., Clinton T., John H., Almira J., Minnie R., Isaac N., Myrtle M. Captain Jacob Royal Parker, son of Benjamin, Sen., was born in Freeport, January 18, 1798, and died November 1, 1874. He was an enterprising, frugal, and prosperous farmer. He moved from the river road and for several years was an inn-keeper at Greene Corner, where he was a popular landlord. He married Lois Robinson, born March 2, 1807, died August 11, 1889. Captain Parker was captain of militia in the War of 1812. His sons were Anslem and Charles, who settled in the West; Thatcher, who resided in Boston, but after- wards in the West ; Horatio died in the West ; and Almeron Bodge Parker, who occupies the homestead, and is an agriculturist. He married, November 8, 1859, Eliza Ann Howe. Their children are Ralph A. 'Parker, A.B., teacher; Jacob L., clerk; Horatio P., and Edith S. Mr Parker is a member of the Baptist church, and a Republican in his politics. Jacob R. Parker's daughters were : Harriet, married Dr H. K. Wiggin ; Ann M. (Mrs John Merrill) ; Alice (Mrs A. B. Crosby) ; Mary and Lois, who married successively Henry Curtis, of Auburn ; Henrietta (Mrs Charles Osgood). 522 History of Androscoggin County. James Lamh came in 1800 with three children, and his son, Major Merrick Lamb, was born in Greene that year. James Lamb subsequently moved to Leeds. Major Lamb was the only tanner in town. His sons were Thomas F. and Alonzo W. Samuel Chadhourn came from Wells about 1800, and was particularly useful as a carpenter and joiner. Jacob K., his son, settled in Greene, was the father of John, who reared a large family of sons, who were men of good habits, and inherited the mechanical skill of their great-grandfather. Thomas Longley (son of Jonathan Longley, born in Waterford, September 7, 1767), was born in November, 1784, and came to Greene about 1804. He was a fine4ooking man, courteous and pleasing in his manners. He drove the first stage from Portland to Augusta, and was the first mail contractor on the "back route " from Portland to Augusta. He conducted staging for more than 20 years, was an inn-keeper over 30 years, and a very popular man. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. He married Esther Parker, of Freeport. She possessed rare qualifications for a landlady, and as a dairy woman she excelled. She made a cheese weighing 380 pounds, which she presented to Governor Fairfield. Mr Longley died November 5, 1859 ; his wife's death occurred in 1864. Their children were: Benjamin, who founded Longley's express, lived many years in Portland, then went to New Orleans; Samuel, a good farmer and citizen, a resident of Greene; William M. ; Josiah P., a merchant in Lewiston ; Cordis, a fine machinist, worked on the first ironclad monitors; Nancy, who married A. K. P. Mower, of Greene; Mary married Peter Moriscy, of Lewiston. William M. Longley was born in Greene, June 9, 1820, and attended school there and at Monmouth Academy during the principalship of the celebrated Dr True. He resided in Portland a few years and was clerk in the office of the Eastern Express Com[)any. Since his return to Greene he has been an agriculturist and an orcliardist, and in 1859 he erected the best dwelling-house in town, which he occupies. In 1864 he was chosen one of a committee of two to recruit the balance of the town's quota of soldiers, and was instrumental in filling the various quotas of the war. Republican in politics, he represented Greene in the legislature of 1869, and has served as selectman and as chairman of the board. He is a Baptist in his religious views. He married Emeline R. Sawyer; their son, William Willis Longley, was born March, 1851, and died June, 1859. William E. Longley^ son of Samuel and Delight B. Longley, and grandson of Thomas, was born 'July 25, 1838. He is a farmer, a Free Baptist in his religious affiliations, a member of the G. A. R., and served his country three years as a soldier. He is a member of the order of Odd Fellows. William E. and his wife, Augusta M. Longley, have two children. Burton L. and Ada M. John Thomson, a native of Wales, who came to Plymouth, Mass., in the "good ship Ann," in May, 1622, was the first of the family in America. Town or Greene. 523 Joseph Thompson, born in Falmouth, in 1756, and afterwards a resident of Lewiston, was a lieutenant in the devolution. His son, David TlKmipmn^ was born in Lewiston in 1785, married Lydia Stackpole, and settled in Greene. Their children were Nehemiah, Jane S. (Mrs Harris), Hannah W. (Mrs Furbish), Mary W., Christiana (Mrs Reuben Stetson), Rachel D. (Mrs Little), James H., Elizabeth S. (Mrs Fillmore), Phebe M. (Mrs Farrar), James H. Mr Thompson died December 29, 1874. James H. Thompson was born in Greene, November 12, 1822, and was there educated and has always been a resident of the town. He married, in 1858, Bethiah J. Buker. Their children were Arabella M. (Mrs Davis Sanborn), and Nellie J. (Mrs Milan Sanborn). Mr Thompson is a farmer, on the west shore of Lake Sabattus, a Universalist, a Republican, and belongs to the Masonic brotherhood. He went to California in 1850, where he remained until 1855, and was successful. Capt<(in John B. Hooper^ and brother, David, lived on the farm formerly occupied by their father. Captain David Hooper, of Freeport, who came to Greene about 1807. He was a man of great physical power ; led a sea-faring life, and was more than ordinarily obliging as a neighbor, and gentlemanly and honorable in his intercourse with his fellow-men. They carried on carriage- making and repairing. George W., a son of David, was born in 1849 and died in 1883. He possessed very original ideas and great inventive skill, took much interest in the raising of bees, and imported some from Italy. The Hooper force-pump, now in such extensive use, was his invention, the only one of many experiments that came to completion. Hooper pond perpetuates the name of the family. The Weymouth family was formerly in some strength here. Daniel Wey- mouth was quite prominent in affairs during the war of 1861-5. He lived where Silas H. Harris resides, on the shore of Lake Sabattus. His son, John W., resides on the Pacific coast. Joel Weymouth, son of Thomas, who lives in the east part of the town, and his son, Jethro, are the representatives of the family in town. The Hill Family^ of Greene, is descended from Joseph Hill, Esq., of Wells. In August, 1705, the Indians attacked his house, shot and wounded him severely, then struck Mrs Hill on the head with a tomahawk and scalped her, and left them for dead. They recovered, however. Mr Hill died in 1743, and Mrs Hill in 1737. Their grave-stones are \.n a good state of preservation in the First Parish cemetery at Wells. Mrs Hill's death was caused by the falling of the lid of a chest which struck her on the head, forcing the silver piece, which she wore as a protection over the wound, into her brain. This historic pair had Nathaniel, born in 1708 ; from him descended Nathaniel Hill, born in Wells in 1769, who moved to Greene in 1808 with his son Tristram, born June 26, 1806. Mr Hill settled on lot 104. He was a mill-wright, shoemaker, and farmer, a very useful man in the community, and served as constable for many 524 History of Androscoggin County. years. He died in 1847, aged 78. Tristram Hill married Christina Spragiie, who died October 7, 1887, aged 70. Mr Hill was a school teacher and farmer, a justice of the peace for many years, selectman several times, represented Greene in the legislature, was a member of the school committee, and for several years was a wool merchant. He died December 2, 1877. Byron G. Rill, son of Tristram and Christina (Sprague) Hill was born in Greene, October 26, 1840, where he has since resided, with the exception of three years' service in the army. He was educated at Greene and at Maine State Seminary, Lewis- ton. In 1865, he married Octavia H. Lowell. Their children are : Arthur C, Walter S., Clarence B., Annie M., Lester S., Dora M. Mr Hill has been one of the superintending school committee for many years; is a Baptist in his religious views, and clerk of the church, a zealous Republican, and a member of the G. A. K. He occupies and conducts the Hill farm, which from its elevated position commands a fine and extensive view. W. Scott Hill, brother of Byron G., is a prominent and successful physician of Augusta. Hon. Elijah Barrell. — The history of East Bridgewater, Mass., says that William Barrell died in 1806, aged 91 years, and that Joshua Barrell was a soldier of the Revolution, and in 1778 was an ensign. The family says that Joshua was a son of William, who died aged 92 in Massachusetts, married Olive Bass in 1769, had nine children, and in 1801 came to Turner, where he died in 1828, aged 82; that he was a blacksmith and not allowed to enter the army, but was kept at work on guns. Elijah Barrell was the sixth of Joshua's children, and was born October 28, 1783. He lived in Bridgewater and Salem, Mass., Augusta, Wiscasset, Bath, Paris, and Greene, was educated at Hebron Academy, became a carpenter, school-teacher, merchant, and farmer. He came to Greene about 1814, as a teacher, and, after a time, formed with Anslem Gary, the long-continued and successful mercantile firm of Barrell & Gary. He represented Greene several terms in the legislature, as a Whig, was in the state senate, held the various town offices, and a commission as justice for many years, and was trustee of Waterville College from 1825 to 1826. He was a Republican after 1854; for many years he was deacon of the Baptist church, and a Free Mason. He died November 19, 1866. He married Adaline S. Kimball in 1822. Among their children were Adaline E. (Mrs William Folsom), Emily S. (Mrs Nathan D. Stanwood), Ann J. (dec), Frances I. (married Rev. C. M. Emery), Nellie R. (married (1) Captain L. Lemont, (2) Virgil H. Sprague), Lillias W. (Mrs Charles A. Bradbury). Charles Aw/mtus Bradlmry, son of Joseph F. and Lydia R. Bradbury, was born in Auburn, June 15, 1842. His father was a farmer in Auburn, Lewiston, Greene, and Wales, and was son of Samuel Bradbury, an early settler of Minot, who was born December 4, 1777, and died September 16, 1843. Joseph F. Bradbury was born February 11, 1816, and died June 29, 1889 ; his wife, born September 15, 1815, died March 5, 1845. Mr Bradbury has been a farmer, Town of Greene. 525 and was a member of Company G, Twenty-third Maine, enlisting September 1, 18G2. He married Lillias W. Barrell December 6, 1867. They have one daughter, Alice J., a teacher. Mr Bradbury is a member of the G. A. R., a Baptist, and a Democrat, and has a large Jiiimber of friends, and a very pleasant home on a well-tilled and productive farm. Alfred Pierce., M.D., was a son of Benjamin Pierce, who emigrated from England and made his home in Westmoreland, N. H., prior to 1776. He was one of the signers of the "Association Test," and one of the "embattled farmers " of the Kevolution. He figured in civil as well as military affairs, was frequently moderator, and served as selectman. Dr Pierce was born in West- moreland, N. H., November 12, 1790. Plis wife was Betsey Kobbins, of Hanover, Mass. He came to Greene in 1817, and established himself as a medical man at Greene Corner. As a physician he was successful, and as sur- geon he took high rank. He always manifested a lively interest in educational affairs, was a member of the first board of superintending school committee, and for many years one of the trustees of Monmouth Academy. He was one of the leading men in town matters, served as town clerk, chairman of the board of selectmen, justice of the peace, and first representative to the Maine legislature. He was a member of the governor's council in 1839. For many years he was postmaster. In politics he was a Democrat of the Jacksonian school; in religion a Universalist, and was a leading man in the society. He possessed a pleasing address, was interesting in conversation, warmly attached to his friends, and peculiarly amiable in all his family relations. He died April 20, 1860. Mrs Pierce died October 19, 1878. Their children were Albion and Alfred. Br Albion Pierce was born in Greene, December 14, 1832. He was educated at common schools and at Monmouth, Hartland, and Gould's academies; attended the medical department at Bowdoin and Harvard, was graduated from Harvard in 1860, and there received his degree of M.D. Dr Pierce succeeded his father as physician. He has served fourteen years as town clerk, and has held the office of town treasurer. Like his father, he is a Democrat and prominent in the Universalist society, and he possesses many of his father's characteristics. Dr Pierce married, December 25, 1880, Charlotte 1. Bailey. Alfred Pierce is a farmer on the homestead. Caleb Gilbert^ born May 9, 1780, son of Elijah Gilbert, who probably came from Plymouth County, Mass., about 1783 to Turner, married Diana Curtis. Of his children were Lewis, born April 15, 1801, and died aged nearly 84 years. He married Eunice, daughter of Benjamin Alden, the early settler of Greene, who was sixth in descent from John Alden, the first of the Pilgrim band to step on Plymouth Rock, and the last male survivor of those who came in the Mayflower, whose romantic love story was so beautifully told by Longfellow. Mrs Gilbert died at the age of 6Q. Lewis Gilbert removed from Turner to Greene, where he combined house carpentering and farming. Ziba Alden 526 History of Androscoggin County. Gilbert, son of Lewis and Eunice ( Alden) Gilbert, was born in Greene, November 4, 1832, and was educated at the schools in Greene and at Monmouth Academy. In 1860 he married Clara Bradford. They have two children, Clarence Irving and Jennie Louise. Mr Gilbert is a Universalist, a Republican, by vocation a farmer, and has been prominently connected with the agricultural interests of the state. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry, secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, a trustee of Maine State College, president of Maine Pomological Society, and has been editor of the Maine Farmer from November, 1883. He is a positive man of great activity and pronounced convictions, and a writer of more than ordinary ability, wielding a keen and trenchant pen, and giving logical reasons in a pertinent way. His work in the preparation of the annual reports of the agiicultural and pomological societies show great labor and care, and thorough familiarity with the subjects and their details. jSilas Richardson was an early settler from Dracut. He was a shoemaker, a farmer, and an honest man. His son, Joseph M., succeeded to the homestead and possessed a love of horticulture and pomology. His experiments did much to call the attention of the people to improved orcharding. Mr Oliver Mower says: "Perhaps no man in town (except the Messrs Gilbert) knew so well how to give a tree symmetry of form and increase its productiveness with least expense as he." Hantiihal Farwell., FJiaj)tist church, and a valuable citizen. He has held official positions in his town, has served as chairman of the board of selectmen, as supervisor of schools, and as a member of the legislature. THE DAGGETT FAMILY. Thi' I)a(/(/eff Fmiiilii made its advent into America a decade after that of the historic Mayflower band, as Savage in his Genealogical Dictionary says that " J(din Daggett was in Watertown in 1(^30, probably came in the fleet with Gov. Winthrop, was made freeman May 18, 1681, removed to Rehoboth in 1645, was a representative in 1648. August 29, 1667, he married Widow Bathsheba Pratt, at Plymouth, then called himself of Martha's Vineyard, where he doubtless went with (tov. Mayhew as a first settler. His sons were Mayhew, Ebenezer, Thomas, Naphtali." Capt. John Damictt^ son of Thomas, who was, according to Samuel B. Doggett, the family genealogist, son of Ebenezer and grandson of William of Saco (Maine) in 1681, and Martha (Stockwell) Daggett, was born in Sutton, Mass., in 1748, married Mary Stevens, and came, it is said, from Charlton, Mass., to Greene in 1786 with his wife and children, Thomas, John, and Sarah. Simeon, Aaron, and Mary were born in Greene. Captain Daggett was the first military captain in town, receiving his commission from Gov. John Hancock, October 24, 1792. He was an educated man and a great acquisition to the settlement. He taught the first school, was selectman for 21 years, chairman of the board 13 years, moderator many times, representative to the General Court for several years, and a very prominent and respected citizen. He died in 1816. Thomas married a Record; Sarah married Capt. Samuel Bates; Simeon died at 21; Mary married Deacon Luther Bobbins. John Daggett, Jr, was a Baptist clergyman for 16 years, and ministered 10 years to the church 546 History of Androscoggin County. in Greene. He was an excellent citizen, patriotic, and a sound philanthropist. He married Sarah Record, of Minot, and died in 1824. Captain Aaron Daggett, son of Captain John Daggett, was born March 4, 1787. He married first, Alniira, daughter of Simeon Dearborn, of Monmouth, a descendant of Gen. Henry Dearborn. Their children were: G-reenlief B., who graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, located in New Jersey, where he took high rank, and was president of the County Medical Society at the time of his death, July, 1854. Converse R. had an academic education, taught school, as a medical student attended lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York, studied theology in Bangor, has been in the ministry in Somerset and Androscoggin counties, enlisted in 23d Me, was chaplain and hospital nurse at Washington, D. C, and has represented Greene in the legislature. He married Anna F. Packard Bailey, of Cambridge. They have a daughter, Emma Rose. Simon D.^ a young man of brilliant promise, died when nearly 18. Almira Augusta married Isaac C. Merrill, of Lewiston. She died aged 36. Captain Daggett married second, Dorcas C. Dearborn, a sister of his first wife. She died in 1867. Their children were : Jolin C. settled on the homestead, where he now resides. He married Abbi^ ^ogg ; their children are Aaron, Augusta, and Simon. Mary E., died in 1861, at the age of 26. Aaron S. Captain Aaron Daggett, was well educated, and "was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and goodness." He occupied several public positions, was on the board of school committee many years, a justice of the peace, representative, church chorister for 30 years, school teacher, and a valued member of the community. His title of captain was acquired in the militia, and with his company he served in the War of 1812. He died in 1862. Brigadier-General Aaron S. Daggett was born in Greene, June 14, 1837, son of Aaron and Dorcas (Dearborn) Daggett, He received good educational advantages and became a successful teacher. On the breaking out of the Rebellion he deemed it his duty to enter the field in defense of his country and was among the earliest volunteers, enlisting as a private April 29, 1861 ; was commissioned second lieutenant May 1, 1861 ; first lieutenant of Co. E, Fifth Maine Infantry, May 24, 1861 ; captain of Co. E, August 14, 1861. From the first engagement of the regiment (the defeat at Bull Run) to the end of its three years' memorable service General Daggett did faithful duty ; was l)romoted to major April 14, 1863, and January 23, 1865, was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Regt. U. S. Veteran Volunteers (Hancock's corps). March 2, 1867, according to the U. S. Official Army Register, he was brevetted colonel and brigadier-general of volunteers " for gallant and meri- torious services during the war," and received these brevet ranks in the regular army: "major, for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Rappahan- ^^^ Town of Greene. 547 nock Station, Va., November 7, 1863";^ and "lieutenant-colonel for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of the Wilderness, Va." General Daggett won the confidence of his superior officers by soldierly qualities. August 4, 1864, General E. Upton, commander of the Second Brigade, in recommending him for promotion to Governor Cony, says : "Major Daggett served his full term in this brigade with honor both to himself and state, and won the reputa- tion of being a brave, reliable, and efficient olficer. His promotion would be a great benefit to the service, while the honor of the state could scarcely be entrusted to safer hands." This was concurred in by Brigadier-General D. A. Russell, commanding the First Division, Major-General H. G. Wright, com- manding the Sixth Corps, and Major-General George G. Meade, commanding the Army of the Potomac. February 28, 1866, General Upton, then in com- mand of the District of Colorado, recommended Lt-Col A. S. Daggett for promotion, and said : lu the assault at Rappahannock Station Col Daggett's regiment captured over 500 prisoners. In the assault at Spottsylvania Court House (May 10) bis regiinent lost six captains out of seven, the seventh being killed on the 12th at the "angle," or the point where the tree was shot down by musketry, on which ground the regiment fought from 9.30 A.M. to 5.30 P.M., when it was relieved. On all these occasions Colonel Daggett was under my immediate command and fought with distinguished bravery. Throughout his military career in the Army of the Potomac he maintained the character of a good soldier and an upright man, and his promotion would be but a simple act of justice which would be commended by all those who desire to see courage rewarded. Major-General Winfield S. Hancock, commanding First Army Corps, in recommending Colonel Daggett for a position in the regular army, says: The records of this office show that he first entered the service as private in the 5th Maine Inf. April 29, 1861; that he served in the Army of the Potomac, was wounded at Spottsylvania, very slightly, and also at Cold Harbor, and was discharged from the service with the rank of major in the 5th Maine Inf. by reason of expiration of service July 27, 1864. He was appointed a lieutenant-colonel in the First Army Corps, January 18, 1865. Upon examination by the Examining Board, he was found good in general information, in knowledge of tactics, in knowledge of regulations, in knowledge of the service, and recommended for lieutenant-colonel, the grade to which he bad been appointed in the corps previous to examination. He was faithful while recruiting for the corps, and since ho was assigned to duty with his regiment he has borne an excellent reputation. I recommend him to the favorable consideration of the Department. 1" Maine in the War " states that Major Daggett, 5th Maine Vols, received three swords at the battle of Rapiiahannock Station from prisoners, etc. This is an error, as stated, and probably came from the fact that immediately after that brilliant battle the captured trophies— Hags, cannon, etc., were escorted to General Meade's headquarters, and Major Daggett was chosen by General Upton to command the battalion from his brigade. The escort was selected from those who had taken the most conspicuous part in that battle. 548 History of Androscoggin County. From 1866 General Daggett has been an officer of the regular army ' and is now on service in Boston. He married, June 14, 1865, Rose, daughter of Major-General Phillips Bradford, of Turner, a lineal descendant of Gov. William Bradford, of Plymouth Colony, and resides in Auburn. Their children are Mary A., Royal Bradford, Alice Southworth, Helen. In civil life General Daggett is distinguished for courteous and gentlemanly bearing, and unostentatious and unassuming manners. His strict integrity, frank courtesy, and sterling worth have given him staunch friends. CAPTAIN .TABEZ PRATT. Jahez^ Pratt (Benjamin,^ Jabez,^ Jabez,'^ Thomas,' of Watertown, Mass., in 1647,) came to Greene with his parents from Charlton, Mass., in 1802. He was apprenticed to the blacksmith trade at an early age, and established him- self in this business at Greene Corner; he was also a large land owner and farmer. He married Sophia, daughter of Isaac and Huldah (Allen) Wash- burn ; they were both active members of the Baptist church in Greene. Their home at "The Corner " was ever open to friend or stranger, and this generous hospitality was widely patronized. Jabez Pratt was early connected with military affairs in the Connnon wealth, and in the War of 1812 was called out for service in defense of the sea-coast of Maine; later he held the office of captain in the state militia, and by this title was known wherever his acquaint- ance extended. He was one of the early pioneers of the temperance cause in Maine, and one of its most enthusiastic advocates. While he was a modest man, never sought public office, yet he was frequently engaged in business for the town ; was entrusted with the administration of estates and the guardian- ship of children. He died in 1874, at the age of 84 years. The decease of his wife occurred in 1863. Their children were Louisa, Franciana, Cyrus M., and John F. Ci/rus 3Ioiver Pratt, eldest son of Jabez, followed the occupa- tion of his father for some years, later took great interest in improved market gardening, and became an active worker in the County Agricultural Society. He was an influential citizen in Greene, both in town and church affairs ; always maintained himself a prominent supporter of the right, on all the moral questions of his time. At his death in 1866, at Washington, D. C, he held a position in the U. S. Agricultural Department. Louka Pratt married Anslem C. Parker. He was a man of marked social qualities, possessed a high degree of musical talent, had a peculiar and exceedingly melodious voice, which he was always ready to use whenever occasion required. He was " the life " of anj'^ company, young or old, favored with his presence. He was 2d lieutenant in the Kennebec Guards. He was a merchant at Greene Corner, successor to 1 General Daggett was not an applicant for a position in the regular service. The appointment was given without solicitation by recommenilatiou of General Grant, and came as a surprise to General Daggett. Capt. Jabez Pratt. Town of Geeene. 549 Anslem Gary, of whom he purchased store and goods when the hitter removed to Augusta. Mr Parker was a contractor in the building of the M. C. R. R. in Greene, and it was tlie result of exposure connected with this work that caused his early decease. His children were Frederic Byron Parker, born at Greene Corner, January G, 1842. He is a farmer on the old homestead owned with his aunt Franciana; Jabez P., who served as lieutenant in the IGth Maine; and Louisa F., who married Merritt Rose. Franciana Pratt^ or " Aunt Fanny," as she is called by her many friends, was born in the house where she now resides, and has been postmistress at Greene Corner since 1863. She is a most genial and intelligent lady, has been a prominent and successful school-teacher [see teachers], and has many of the characteristics of her father, whom she much resembles in personal appearance. I)r John^ F. Pratt (Jabez,^ I^enj.,* Jabez,^ Jabez,^ Thomas,^), born August 3, 1830, attended school at Monmouth and Hartland (Me.) academies, received his preliminary medical education under Dr Blake of Hartland, served an appren- ticeship as druggist in Portland, was student at Dartmouth and Bowdoin colleges, spent a year in hospital service in Boston, took his degree at Bowdoin in 1856, and the same year settled to the practice of his profession at New Sharon, Me. Here he married Annie, daughter of Judge Oliver \j. and Mary A. (Weston) Currier. ^ In 1862 Dr Pratt entered the service of his country as Act. Asst Surg., U. S. A., joined the Army of the Potomac at Harrison's Landing, was transferred to Craney Island, and the following winter stationed at Hampton, Fortress Monroe. In 1864 was placed in charge of hospital on flag of truce boat New York, was engaged in exchange of prisoners between City Point, Annapolis, Point Lookout, etc., until the campaign opened on the James river under Gen. Butler. At Bermuda Hundred (Gen. Butler's head- quarters), he opened and had charge of post and small-pox hospitals, and also of the Medical Purveying Dept of the Army of the James. After the War he remained in the service of the Freedmen's Bureau, established hospitals at Point of Rocks and Petersburg, Va, of which he continued in charge until his resignation in 1866, when he returned to his private practice at New Sharon. He removed to Chelsea, Mass., in. 1873, his present residence. He is an enthusiastic collector of Maine bibliography, and has been for many years a voluminous contributor to the early documentary history of his native state. The town and county historians of Maine are greatly indebted to the genial doctor for his ever ready assistance in furtherance of their researches. 1 Mrs Pratt has been an unwearied worker for years in liistorical and genealogical fields, has written for publication, prepared and read a valuable paper on the history of Greene at its centennial, and we are indebted to her kindness for valued information. 550 History of Androscoggin County. LEEDS. CHAPTER XXX. Boundaries — Formation — Surface and Soil — Dead River — Its Peculiarities — Indian Village — Thomas and Roger Stinchfield — Early Settlers— Heads of Families in tbe First Part of This Century — Character of the Early Settlers — Soldiers of the Revolutionary War and War of 1812 — Early Roads. LEEDS is bounded on the east by Wayne and Monmouth, southwest by Greene, west by Turner and Liverniore, north by Livermore and East Jl Liverniore, named from the English home of the Stinchfield family, and was formed from the plantation of Littleborough (laid out in 1780-81 by the Pejepscot proprietors, and named in honor of Col Moses Little) and incor- porated, the 128th town, February 16, 1801. A part of Livermore north of a line " extending from old Elder Thomas Francis's north Line to Increase Leadbetter's north Line," embracing about 6,000 acres, was annexed in 1802 ; in 1809 a half-mile strip was set off from Monmouth; in 1810 Beech Hill was annexed to Wayne ; in 1852 the extreme southern portion (often called New Boston) was annexed to Wales. The area is 22,000 acres, and is greatly varied. The interval land along the Androscoggin and Dead rivers is deep alluvial soil, easy of cultivation, but, often, subject to frost. The numerous hills and elevations have a deep loam, mostly free from bowlders and stones, easily cultivated, capable of producing good crops and free from frost. Some parts of the town are evidently ancient beaches of primitive seas or lakes, and the sand lies thick, forming extensive dunes. Interspersed among the uplands are occasional ledges, outcroppings of granite and trap rock, and numerous low places and bogs, which bear cranberries. Bog brook drains an immense bog. From many of the higher elevations, particularly Bates and Boothby liills, extended and beautiful views are presented, and it can be but a question of time when Leeds, with its pure air and water and other attractions, will be a favorite summer resort. The Maine Central railroad runs the entire length of the town, and its four stations, Leeds Junction, Curtis Corner, Leeds Centre, and North Leeds, give easy access. Dead river discharges the surplus water of more than twenty ponds into the Androscoggin. Its water-shed is 25 miles long and contains 60,000 acres. The river, about six miles long, connects Androscoggin pond with Androscoggin river. The course of Dead river is northwesterly, that of the Androscoggin southerly, so the rivers discharge their waters against each other. A recent Town of Leeds. 551 survey shows the pond to be but a few inches higher than the Androscoggin, and in freshets the latter stream rushes up Dead river until the ponds have the same level as the great river, when, until the Androscoggin falls. Dead river has no current. This region is a rich field for geological students. About half-way from the great river to the pond is a remarkable horseback ridge, said to be a continuation of the Chesterville ridge. It once extended across Dead river, damming it to a great height. The pond must then have been not less than 12 miles long. When this ridge gave way, the waters rushed towards the great river, carrying the bowlders and pebbles which are scattered along its way. But the most striking geological feature is the alluvial deposit, "The Cape," lying between the outlet of the pond and its former western shore. It extends a mile into the pond and is divided by the river, which parts before reaching tlie pond, enclosing a delta of thirty acres. All of this alluvial deposit has come down the Androscoggin in freshets. The rocky promontories forming the head of the cape are the remains of a cluster of islands of azoic origin in the middle of the lake. By the accumulation of the sediment they became part of the peninsula. About half-way from the railroad to the delta is a very narrow isthmns connecting the peninsula with the main land. Through this the Indians cut a canal to float their canoes, shortening their way two miles. The Indian trail or rather canoe route of travel from the Androscoggin to the Kennebec was up Dead river to Androscoggin pond; from this a portiujc of half a mile brought them to Wilson pond ; the outlet of this gave navigation to Annabessacook lake; a stream one-half mile long runs from this lake to Cobbosseecontee "Great Pond," which empties into the Kennebec at Gardiner. An Indian village was located on the "Cape," and a burying-place on one of the islands of the pond. Tradition says that very early a wandering white trapper came to this village when there was but one Indian there besides squaws and pappooses. As he left the wigwam he saw the Indian aiming a gun at him, and quickly fired and killed the Indian. Knowing he had no chance to escape vengeance as'long as a spectator lived, he killed all of the squaws. Attaching a large number of traps to the bodies he sunk them in the river and fled. When he was a lad. Ensign Otis saw bones of the arms and legs with traps attached, hooked up from the river. Thymm and Rom'r Stinchfii'Jd, soldiers in the French Wai', were daring huntei's and trappers. They had become thoroughly acquainted with the country and Indians between the Kennebec and Androscoggin rivers. As early as 1773, they made their camp on Dead Iviver, where they could see the Indians on their great trail and barter for furs. They won their friendship by fair dealing and acts of kindness. Thomas was a stalwart man, and both were absolutely fearless. Traditions concerning Thomas show that he treated the natives justly, yet inspired them with fear. He trusted the resident Indians at 552 History of Androscoggin County. all times and never lost a debt if the debtor lived. It is said that once he found the Sandy River Indians preparing to attack Farmington in retaliation for thefts committed by some of the whites. After a long attempt to pacify them Stinchfield offered to replace their stolen traps and kettles and give them 10 gallons of rum. This offer was accepted and the whites were saved. They gladly paid Stinchfield's bill and expelled the thieves. In 1779 the Stinchfields raised a large crop of corn and vegetables on an old Indian corn field and stored up venison, maple sugar, etc., and in June, 1780, brought their families and goods on two pack horses to the west side of the Androscoggin river, three miles from their home. Guided by Roger the women and children went from there to their future home, while Thomas, his oldest son, Thomas, and the two young men who came with the party, conveyed the goods in dug- outs up the Androscoggin and Dead rivers. Thomas (born 1747) and Roger Stinchfield (born 1752) were sons of John, the English emigrant who settled successively in Gloucester and New Gloucester, and were natives of Glouces- ter, Mass. The children of Thomas and Sarah (Lane) Stinchfield were Thomas^ Sarah (married a Hicks), James^ Martha (mai-ried Isaac Freeman, settled in Greene), Samvel (a sea-captain, lived north of the old home- stead. Among his children were Thomas B., a prominent surgeon of Texas, John K., a leading physician of Elmira, N. Y., Stephen B., a leading lawyer of Denver, Anson Gancelo, a lawyer of Boston), John^ Itehreca (born Decem- ber 11, 1780, the first female child born in Leeds territory, married Capt. Phineas Foss), Hannah (married Elizur Carver). Roger Stinchfield married Sarah Babson and settled on the north side of Dead river (Thomas living on the south side). Their children were Ahl, voted to build a hearse house and purchase hearse, harness, etc., for the town and to raise 'tlOO for the purpose. 1851, March 4, the clerk was authorized to collect all the books, maps, charts, and papers properly belonging to the town, and voted that, when any person takes out any of the above-named, he shall be charged with the same ; also, voted to repair the town house and that the selectmen shall erect guide-posts ; also to petition the legislature to define the boundaries of the town. April 7 voted to prosecute all violations of the law in the sale of intoxicating liquors. 1852, February 9, voted to aid the Androscoggin railroad to the extent of $15,000, 145 in favor, 106 against. March 10 voted that town meetings be notified by posting notices on all the meeting-houses in town except the Friends. 1853, March 7, raised $500 to pay town debts. 1854, March 7, voted $825 for schools, $800 for the poor, $250 for debts, $200 for expenses, $3,000 for highways. A new burying-ground was laid out in District No. 3 this year. In September cast 143 votes for Lewiston as county seat and 48 for Auburn. October 2 John Gilmore, Isaacher Lane, and Isaac Boothby were chosen a committee to buy a town farm, which they did soon, as January 15, 1855, it was voted that the committee who purchased the town farm procure all needed supplies for the poor, and February 10 William Robbins and wife were engaged to labor on and oversee the town farm and poor for $200 for the year. In April, 1857, voted to discontinue the bridge across Dead river near where Samuel Boothby formerly lived, and to rebuild the Foss and Stinchfield bridges. December 4 voted not to rebuild the buildings of the town farm, but instructed the selectmen to sell the farm and buy another whenever in either case they deemed it for the interest of the town to do so. [These buildings were burned November 25, 1857, and Mary Pease and Mary A. Bridgham lost their lives.] In 1860 Israel Washburn, Jr, had 171 votes for governor to Ephraim K. Smart 120. In 1865 voted $1,050 for schools, $500 for poor, $150 for repairing roads and bridges, $200 for expenses, $2,000 for town debt and interest, $2,500 for highways.- January 7, 1867, S. L. Howard chosen select- man in place of Aaron Winslow, resigned. March 10, 1868, voted to raise $150 for guide-posts. May 4 voted $300 to repair town house. 1873, March 17, voted to raise $400 for the support of free high schools the ensuing year. 1874, March 9, voted that any corporation or individual investing not less than $3,000 in any manufacturing carried on by steam or water-power located at Leeds Center, shall be exempt from taxation for 10 years. 1877, voted to abolish the liquor agency. 1879, September 8, voted unanimously for biennial elections and sessions of the legislature. 1880, March 500 HiSTOKY OF Androscoggin County. 8, voted Isaiah B. Adcliton to go before the legislative commission on state valuation at such time as he may deem proper, to effect, if possible, a reduction of valuation of the town. 1882, March 13, voted that the selectmen procure a hearse and provide a place to keep it. 1886, March 8, voted to exempt the Lewiston Monumental Works from taxation for six years, if they will locate at West Leeds. 1887, March 14, voted to erect guide-boards at all points needed and repair old ones as required by law. 1890, March 10, the superintending school committee were instructed to expend the undrawn balance of the free high school appropriation of 1887 in the maintenance of a free high school in District No. 10 for not exceeding 10 weeks from February 24. The appropri- ations were: For support of schools, 81,000; for support of poor, $600; for roads and bridges, $500; for labor and material on highways, $2,000; for school text-books, -1300; for repair of farm buildings, $200; for miscellaneous pur- poses, $500. September 8 the vote for governor was: William P. Thompson, 98; Edwin C. Burleigh, 97; Isaac R. Clark, 11; Aaron Clark, 3. In 1891 the annual report shows a valuation of $302,369, of which $214,385 is resident real estate and $63,208 personal. The number of polls is 271 at $2 each. The treasurer's account shows total receipts $4,676.99 and total expenditures $4,521.84, leaving an undrawn balance February 20, 1891, of $155.15. The town paid $7.90 in crow bounty. Action in the Civil War. — At a special meeting July 6, 1861, voted that P. B. Caswell, Lloyd Gould, and Samuel More be a committee to draw orders on the town treasurer for such sums of money as may be expended for the support of families of those " who have or may enlist for the defence of the Stars and Stripes." March, 1862, voted to make the selectmen (Benjamin Harris, Greenwood C. Gordon, Benjamin Hodsdou) a committee to look after the soldiers' families. July 22, 1862, voted to pay each volunteer $75 when he is mustered into the U. S. service. August 26, voted $100 to each volunteer under the last call of the President, and $50 to each soldier drafted and sworn into the service from Leeds. 1863, November 30, voted that $350 be paid each recruit when mustered in, and that the select- men designate some intiuential man to procure recruits to fill the town's quota. 1864, August 13, voted that the town furnish $300 for each man that enlists to fill the quota now called for. December 26 voted to pay $400 as a bounty to each volunteer or drafted man that may volunteer or be drafted to fill the call of the President to the extent of the town's quota, and that the town treasurer be authorized to loan the sum of $400 per man and make such papers as shall most effectually bind the town to the payment of the same. 1865, March, voted to issue town bonds to pay the war debt. Leeds furnished 161 men for the Union army of the Rebellion. Civil List. — 1801 — Abial Daily, clerk; John Whiting, Daniel Lothrop, Oliver Otis, Isaac Collier, Obadiah Pettingill, selectmen, 1802 — Abial Daily, clerk; John Whiting, Uriah Foss, Isaac Collier, selectmen. 1803 — Abial Daily, clerk; Oliver Otis, John Whiting, Robert Gould, selectmen. 1804 — Isaac Collier, clerk; Oliver Otis, John Whiting, Robert Gould, selectmen. 1805— Abial Daily, clerk ; John Whiting, David Woodman, Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1806 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Uriah Foss, Isaac Collier, George Lothrop, selectmen. 1807 — Thomas Francis, clerk; George Lothrop, Isaac Collier, Robert Gould, selectmen. 1808 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Isaac Collier, George Lothrop, Capt. Othniel Pratt, selectmen. 180!) — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, John Whiting, Moses Stevens, selectmen. 1810— Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, John Whiting, George Town of Leeds. 561 Lothrop, selectmen. 1811 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, George Lothrop, Abial Daily, selectmen. 1812 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, Uriah Foss, Isaiah Beals, selectmen. 181.'5 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, ITpjah Foss, Isaiah Beals, selectmen. 1814 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, Uriah Foss, Martin Leonard, selectmen. 1815 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, George Turner, Oliver Otis, selectmen. 1816 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, Uriah Foss, Oliver Otis, selectmen. 1817-1818-1819 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, Uriah Foss, George Lothi-op, selectmen. 1820-1821 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Thomas Francis, Lewis Turner, Daniel Parcher, selectmen. 1822 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; William Gould, Harvey Bates, .John Francis, selectmen. 182.3-1824 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; Capt. John Francis, William Gould, Harvey Bates, selectmen. 1825— Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; John Francis, Harvey Bates, Solomon Lothrop, selectmen. 1826 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; John Francis, Solomon Lothrop, Stephen Wellcome, selectmen. 1827 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; Oliver Otis, Harvey Bates, Stephen Wellcome, selectmen. 1828 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; John Francis, Solomon Lothrop, Levi Foss, selectmen. 1829 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; Harvey Bates, Israel Herrick, Stillman Howard, selectmen. 1830-1831 — Thomas W. Bridgham, clerk; Harvey Bates, Levi Foss, Solomon Lothrop, selectmen. 1832 — T. W. Bridgham, clerk; Harvey Bates, Israel Herrick, John Gould, selectmen. 1833-1834-1835 — T. W. Bridgham, clerk; John Francis, Stephen Rackley, Joshua Turner, selectmen. 1836 — T. W. Bridgham, clerk; Joshua S. Turner, Benjamin Francis, Lssacher Lane, selectmen. 1837 — T. W. Bridgham, clerk; Harvey Bates, Benjamin Francis, Issacher Lane, selectmen. 1838-1839 — Thomas Francis, clerk; Harvey Bates, Uriah Foss, Isaac Boothby, selectmen. 1840 — Thomas Francis, clerk; John Gilmore, Uriah Foss, Isaac Boothby, selectmen. 1841 — Thomas Francis, clerk; John Gilmore, Reuel Foss, George K. Stinchfield, select- men. 1842 — Barnabas Davee, clerk; Josiah Day, 2d, Harvey Bates, Charles Knapp, selectmen. 1843-1844 — B. Davee, clerk; Leavitt Lothrop, 'Josiah Day, 2d, Benjamin Francis, selectmen. 1845 — B. Davee, clerk; Leavitt Lothrop, Benjamin Francis, Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1846 — B. Davee, clerk; Josiah Day, 2d, Uriah Foss, Thomas Owen, selectmen. 1847 — B. Davee, clerk; Uriah Foss, Thomas Owen, Isaac Boothby, selectmen. 1848 — B. Davee, clerk; Uriah Foss, Isaac Boothby, John Lane, selectmen. 1849 — Friend D. Lord, clerk; Isaac Boothby, Peleg B. Caswell, Stillman L. Howard, selectmen. 1850 — F. D. Lord, clerk; Peleg B. Caswell, S. L. Howard, George K. Stinchfield, select- men. 1851 — F. B. Leonard, clerk; S. L. Howard, George K. Stinchfield, Davis F. Lothrop, selectmen. 1852 — F. B.Leonard, clerk; Josiah Day, Cyrus Bates, F.D. Millett, selectmen. 1853 — F. B. Leonard, clerk; Harvey Bates, S. L. Howard, I. T. Boothby, selectmen. 1854 — John Turner, clerk; Harvey Bates, S. L. Howard, I. T. Boothby, selectmen. 1855 — John Turner, clerk; S. L. Howard, Salmon Brewster, Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1836-1857 — John Turner, clerk; Uriah Foss, Peleg B. Caswell, Isaiah B. Additon, selectmen. 1858 — Gessius F. Jennings, clerk; P. B. Caswell, Isaac Boothby, Oscar D. Turner, selectmen. 1859-1860 — G. F. Jennings, clerk; Isaiah B. Addition, O. B. Turner, Augustus Ramsdell, selectmen. 1861 — G. F. Jennings, clerk; P. B. Caswell, Lloyd Gould, Samuel More, selectmen. 1862 — G. F. Jennings, clerk; Benjamin Francis, Greenwood C. Gordon, Benjamin Hodsdon, selectmen. 1863 — Davis Francis, clerk; Benjamin Hodsdon, G. C. Gordon, Arza G. Lothrop, selectmen. 1864 — Davis Francis, clerk; Seth Howard, Benjamin Turner, Henry F. Woodman, selectmen. 1865 — D. Francis, clerk; S. L. Howard, Uriah Foss, Davis Francis, selectmen. 1866 — J. G. Gott, clerk; S. L. Howard, D. Francis, Benjamin Hodsdon, selectmen. 1867 — J. G. Gott, clerk; A. G. Lothrop, Freeman Andrews, Aaron Winslow, selectmen. 1868 — J. G. Gott, clerk; A. G. Lothrop, Benjamin Francis, B. Hodsdon, selectmen. 1869- John Turner, clerk; A. G. Lothrop, B. Francis, G. C. Gordon, selectmen. 1870 — John Turner, clerk; I. B. Additon, G. F. Jennings, T. S. Carver, selectmen. 1871-1872-1873-1874-1875-1876-1877-1878 — John Turner, clerk; I. B. Additon, T. S. Carver, A.J. Foss, selectmen. 1879 — C. H. Foster, clerk; I. B. Additon, William B. Sumner, John P. Jennings, selectmen. 1880 — William R. Pettingill, clerk; I. B. Additon, William B. Sumner, John F. Jennings, selectmen. 1881-1882 — C. H. Foster, clerk; I. B. Additon, William B. Sumner, Henry Francis, selectmen. 1883 — G. W. Lane, clei'k; I. B. Additon, John F. Jennings, Joseph Moody, selectmen. 1884 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. A. Lovejoy, John F. Jennings, Joseph Moody, selectmen. 1885 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. A. Lovejoy, John F. Jennings, Joseph Moody, selectmen. 1886 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. A. Lovejoy, Henry Pettengill, Joseph Moody, selectmen. 1887 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. A. Lovejoy, H. F. Pettengill, J. F. Moody, selectmen. 1888 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. A. Lovejoy, C. B. Lane, G. T. Bishop, selectmen. 1889-1890 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. B. Lane, G. T. Bishop, G. A. Jennings, selectmen. 1891 — R. S. Loring, clerk; C. B. Lane, G. T. Bishop, George Parcher, selectmen. 562 History of Androscoggin County. CHAPTER XXXH. The First Baptist Church — Universalisiu — Methodism — Tiie First Freewill Baptist Church — The Quakers — Schools — Temperance — Mills, Other Industries — Sketches. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.— At the time of Jesse Lee's preaching here in 1794 Thomas Francis and others were converted, and in June, 1795, Elder Potter baptized a few persons. This was the first Baptist movement in the town. Mr Case came soon after and baptized several who joined the Baptist church in Wayne. Meetings in Leeds were held in Gid- dings Lane's barn. In 1799 Mr Francis was ordained as an evangelist, and in June, 1800, a "Church of Christ" was constituted at Leeds Centre, with these members: Elder Thomas Francis, Eleazer Carver, Daniel Lothrop, Giddings Lane, Eunice Knapp, Jemima Lane, Daniel Robbins, Matilda Millett, Joanna Turner, Isaac Freeman, James Sampson, Sarah Foster, Joseph Gould, Thomas Millett, Zebulon Millett, Elizabeth Otis. Elder Francis was elected pastor, and Giddings Lane, deacon. Elder Francis was appointed to prepare a letter to the Bowdoin Baptist Association requesting admission into that body, and Elder Francis and Deacon Lane were sent as "messengers." The First BaiMst Society was- incorporated June 23, 1804, with these members : Thomas D. Brands, Oliver Otis, Josiah Turner, Zebulon P. Millett, James Lane, Nathaniel House, Jr, Andrew Cushman, Samuel Herrick, John Millett, Isaac Collier, Uriah Foss, Giddings Lane, Isaac Truman, Ebenezer Mason, Daniel Lane, Jr, Thomas Millett, Jr, Simeon Gould, Phinehas Foss, Robert Gould, Joseph Gould, Seth Howard, Abial Daily, Daniel Lowtln'op, Daniel Lowthrop, Jr, James Stanley, David Woodman, Eleazer Carver, Daniel Robbins, Thomas Millet, and William Turner, " and their families and estates." With some of the best people as members and constant attendants upon divine service, and under the earnest labors of Rev. Mr Francis, this church grew in numbers and strength. March 19, 1806, this letter was read to the society: — I hereby certify that the following persons request to joiu the first Baptist Society in Leeds with their polls and estates, and they co-unite in religious worship with said Society: (viz) James Lamb, Samuel Leadbetter, Peter Lane, Thomas Lothrop, Samuel Lane, Obediah Turner, Roger Stinchfleld, Isaac Boothby, and Dodavah Harmon, all of Leeds. Abiel Daily, Clerk of said Society. In 1806 the meeting-house at Leeds Centre was completed. Rev. Thomas D. F'rancis laid deep the foundations of the church by his fervent preaching until 1835. He died May 9, 1836. This year the meeting-house was repaired. Solomon Lothrop, Rowland Howard, and Leavitt Lothrop were the committee Town of Leeds. 563. in charge. The successors of Elder Francis were Allen Barrows, from 1835 to 1837; Smith Hinkley, 1837; Wilson C. Rider, 1838; Daniel Hutchinson, 1839; Robert C. Starr, 1810 ; Daniel Hutchinson, 1841 ; S. S. Leighton, 1842 to 1845 ; J. W. Lawton, 1846 to 1848; Elders Sargent and Tilton, 1849; Allen Barrows, 1850 to 1855; Abram Snyder, 1856; Elder Gurney,1857; Elder Fulton, 1858; Joel P. Chapin, 1859 to 1863; O. Richardson, 1863; William E. Noyes, 1864 to 1868; Joel Wheeler, 1868; Henry A. Libby, 1869; S. S. Brownson, 1870 to 1873. In 1870 Seth Millett was chosen deacon in place of A. J. Lane, resigned. J. E. Palmer was also deacon at this time. In 1887, in a communication to the Bowdoinham Baptist Association, was written : — During the 87 years of our existence upwards of 200 members have been enrolled. For G7 years a Woman's Foreign Missionary Society has been sustained, and every year a cou- tribution of from $5 to $20 has been made in its behalf. Our pulpit has been supplied occasionally for the past year. Bro. A. A. Mainwaring has labored among us nearly every week with encouraging results. Our congregation has averaged somewhat larger than for a few years past. Our Sunday school is still flourishing under Bro. H. W. Lincoln's earnest and able management. Deacon T. C. Libby died in 1889, and October 12 Seth Howard was re-elected senior deacon and W. R. Pettingill junior deacon, to serve seven years. March 7, 1891, it was voted to make the seats free, and March 12 to make extensive repairs. This time-honored structure has been remodeled, reconstructed, and entirely renovated. The Second Baptist Church and Society were organized in 1843, erected a meeting-house at South Leeds, and had a prosperous existence for many years under the ministrations of Rev. Walter Foss, its only pastor. It lost its visi- bility about 1872. Universalism. — From a very early period the preaching of Rev. Thomas Barnes had found sympathy in many households of Leeds. The earliest history of a Universalist organization is given in a manuscript in the hand- writing of Israel Herrick, bearing date 1833, giving answers to questions asked in the Intelligeyicei- of September 28, relative to the state of Universalist societies in Kennebec and Somerset counties. He says: — The First Universalist Society in Leeds was organized March 13, 1830, of 60 members. There usually attends meeting about 200 people. In the summer of 1832 the society hired preaching one-quarter of the time for six months. Rev. Thomas Dolloflf preached, for which we paid him $24 in money, raised by subscription ; we have no funds. Our society is scattered all over the town, and the subscriptions fall on those near the meeting, besides our society generally is not of the wealthiest class, therefore our subscriptions are not in proportion to our numbers. The society has not much increased or diminished. Our prospects are as good as at any former period. We have had no difficulty in obtaining preaching in proportion to our means until the present season. We have no meeting-house, our meetings are well accommodated in the town house. Our society is well united — a good degree of feeling existing among the members. We hold no meetings except on Sundays, 564 History of Androscoggin County. have no Sunday School nor Bible Class. We have our regular yearly society meetings besides intermediate meetings as occasion requires, but generally not fully attended. It is my opinion that the number that attends our meeting is larger than attends any other meeting in town except the Free-Willers, which occasionally may be as large or larger than ours. I should think not far from one-half of the ratable polls were in favor of the doctrine of Universalism. At this time some of the leading members were Israel Herrick, Levi Foss, John Francis, Caleb Carver, William Gott, Simeon Gould, Barnabas Davee, George Lothrop, Thomas W. Bridgham, Benjamin Millett, Alexander Jennings, Ebenezer Stinchfield, Samuel More, James Lindsey, John Carver, Solomon Lothrop, Samuel Jennings, Levi Dunham, Levi Caswell, Lemuel Sumner, James Stinchfield. From this time we find no records until March 20, 1837, when a petition to (reorge Lothrop, Esq., asking him to issue his warrant to Barnabas Davee, directing him to notify the petitioners to meet at the town house, April 15, to organize the First Universalist Society of Leeds, was signed by Israel Herrick, Asa Rose, B. Millett, Jr, William P. Millett, O. J. Frost, Solomon Lothrop, Benjamin Millett, Thomas W. Bridgham, Franklin B. Leonard, Samuel More, Isaac Pratt, Eben Stinchfield, James K. Stinchfield, Isaac Boothby, John Carver, James Stinchfield, Jr, Aaron Dvvinal, Barnabas Davee, Elias Lane, Robert Crumett. In 1836 the Baptist meeting-house had been jointly repaired by the L^niversalists and Baptists, and an agreement made whereby the Universalists were to occupy the house " the fourth Sunday in each month." The society was duly organized, a constitution adopted, Israel Herrick elected clerk, and assessors, etc., chosen. It is most probable that the following were pew owners in the repaired church : Alexander Jennings, Aaron Dwinal, Samuel More, Solomon Lothrop two, Giddings Lane two, Eben Stinchfield, John D. Millett, Benjamin i\Iillett, Jr, Israel Herrick, Lemuel Sumner, Ira Lamb, Isaac Pratt, Isaac Boothby, Robert Crumett. In April, 1843, Giddings Lane, I. Herrick, S. More were elected assessors, Samuel More, John D. Millett, Isaac Boothb}^ a committee "to see whether the agreement entered into between the society's relative to the occupancy of the Meeting-house is Binding." This was the commencement of a long and serious contest for the title of one-fourth of the liouse, culminating in a suit brought by the Baptist society against Perry Grant for malicious trespass in breaking open the meeting-house for Universalist service. From the decision of the supreme court in favor of the Baptist ownership an appeal was taken. The decision was made in 1871 in favor of the plaintiffs on the ground that under the act of incorporation of the Baptist society there could not be a legal transfer of any of its property. In 1872 an elegant Universalist meeting- house containing 52 pews was built at a cost of $5,000, and November 10, 1873, Isaiah B. Additon, Giddings Lane, Horace Herrick, B. Davee, R. Jennings, Charles S. Gordon, Lewis Churchill, H. L. Millett, Willard Lothrop, Town of Leeds. 565 Rollin S. Loriiig, I. F. Jennings, L. H. Sumner, and W. B. Sumner petitioned H. M. Brewster, Esq., for a warrant enabling the "Stockholders of the Leeds Center Parish Church," to make an incorporation, which was effected Novem- ber 18, when Giddings Lane was chosen clerk. He held that office until his death, when his son, G. W. Lane, succeeded him. Rev. (^tis H. Johnson, of Jay, preached every fourth Sunday from 1869 to 1879, and part of the time every other Sunday. He was succeeded by Revs. Barnes, Bosserman, White, Cutler, and Smith. The society maintains preaching through the summer, and has a well-attended Sabbath school; Willard Lothrop, superintendent. Methodism was preached in Littleborough (Leeds), December 23, 1794, by Jesse Lee, who rode to Mr Lane's house, and at two o'clock preached to a crowded congregation, " and the melting presence of God was among us." In the evening he preached from the text, " Casting all your care upon him ; for he careth for you." Many of his hearers were affected, and he notes : "It appeared as if the whole neighborhood was about to turn to God." This town was in Readfield circuit as early as 1795 : subsequently it became a part of Monmouth circuit, and for many years was regularly visited by the preachers. A class was formed as early as 1795. In 1838 Rev. John Allen held a protracted meeting in the school-house at Quaker Ridge ; several persons were converted, and a class was formed with Salmon Brewster leader, and Mrs Salmon Brewster, Morgan Brewster and wife, Nathan Stetson and wife, Charles A. Additon, Ruby Additon, Louisa Gilmore, Huldah Gilmore, Louisa Additon, George D. Lothrop, Pamelia Bridgham, and other members. The society increased, and held meetings in the school-house until 1851, when, through the instrumentality of Rev. John Cumner, the pastor, and through the liberality of Salmon Brewster, the meeting-house was built. Leeds and Greene have been a circuit for many years, with preaching at Quaker Ridge and Keen's Corners. The society is somewhat scattered in residence. In 1881 a parsonage was purchased and fitted up. . In 1886 there were 37 members, 80 Sunday-school scholars. Church valued at -^1,000; parsonage, #500. That year the society paid off the debt on the parsonage. A new union chapel, costing $1,400, at Keen's Corner, was dedicated May 5, 1891. A Methodist class, now joined to Wayne circuit, has long existed at North Leeds. Amos Thombs was class leader many years. He was succeeded by Elisha D. Gould, whose son, Russell, now holds the office. There are sixteen members. Rev. J. R. Masterman preaches every other Sabbath in the union chapel. The First Freewill Baptist Church was organized at North Leeds, February 11, 1829, by Elder Abiezer Bridges. The original members were Joshua Tupper, Warren Howard, Lucy Tupper, Mercy Dunham, Julia A. Stanley, Almira Turner, Martha Grant (now, June 1, 1891, aged 95), Anna Additon, Deborah Bridges, Eliza Bridges. It belonged to Bowdoin Quarterly Meeting, 566 History of Androscoggin County. and had its largest membership (75) in 1836. At this time a union chapel was erected, one-half owned by this society, one-fourth by the Methodists, and one- fourth by individuals of the Baptist and Campbellite (Christian) faith. Prior to 183G the Fiee Baptists held their meetings in school-houses and dwellings, but from this time they had preaching every other Sabbath in the chapel. The Quarterly Meeting recognizes the church, although the membership is but eio-ht. The deacons have been Joshua Tupper, Warren Howard, George Gould, and Francis D. Millett, who has held office 24 years. Rev. Greenwood Gordon ministers to those of Christian faith. The Quakers in 1807 erected a meeting-house on Quaker Ridge. They continued to hold meetings there quite a number of years, but subsequently moved their meeting-house about a mile west to their burying-ground, and a few years later moved it opposite Stephen Wellcome's. About 1869 it was sold and torn down, the society having become extinct. Schools. — The value of education was impressed upon the children of the first settlers by their first teacher, that wise man, Thomas Francis, and the later families brought from their Massachusetts homes that reverence for learning so characteristic of the sons of the Old Bay State. 1801, April 6, at the first town meeting, $200 was voted for schools, and Joseph Day, Levi Bates, William Gilbert, John Jennings, Oliver Randell, and Obadiah Pettingill were chosen school committee. November 31, voted to accept the division of districts made by the selectmen, and that each district draw their own money. In 1802 and 1803 $300 was voted for schools. November 7, 1803, Elder Thomas Francis, Abiel Daily, and George Turner, Jr, were chosen to inspect schools and teachers. 1804, November 5, voted to divide the school money according to the number of scholars. 1804 and 1805, 1300 raised for schooling. 1806, April 7, $500 voted for schools. June 9, George Lothrop, Isaac Collier, and Thomas Millett, Jr, were chosen to divide the town into school districts, and nine districts were defined. 1819, March 8, $500 was raised for schools. 1822, voted to raise $620 for schools. George Turner, Harvey Bates, Daniel Lothrop, Oliver Otis, Stillman Howard, Daniel Parcher, Robert Gould, Samuel Brown, Samuel Stinchfield, and Joseph Mitchell were chosen to revise the limits of the school districts. 1831 and 1832, voted to raise $675 for schools. 1845 and 1846, $700 voted for schools. 1848, March 7, the school committee recommended that a high school be established, and were instructed to mature [plans for] the same and report. In 1860 and for a few years after, $1,050 was raised for schools, and in 1868, 1870, and 1871 $1,200 were voted. In 1873 the town raised $400 for high schools. From this time, although the district system has been maintained, a free high school has from time to time been kept, and great attention has been paid to the other schools; good teachers as a rule have been employed, and satisfactory results have followed their teaching. In the 12 districts of the town in 1890 237 of the 343 scholars in town received Town of Leeds. 567 instruction, and, in addition to |!l,000 raised by the town, $661.40 from the state was expended. The free high school located at Leeds Center in the spring of 1890 was taught by C. F. Leadbetter. Miss Laura M. Sylvester, the supervisor, is a normal school graduate and a practical teacher of more than ordinary ability. Stephen R. Deane has done good service on the school com- mittee. He gives this graphic account of early schools : — The acquisition of a common school education 60 years ago was often attended with difficulties of which scholars of the present age know nothing. Many districts had no school-houses. I recollect attending school for a short time in three neighboring districts where the schools were kept in winter in a room in some dwelling-house, and in summer sometimes in a shop, a corn house, and, in one instance, on the big barn floor. The district in which I lived had no school-house till several years after I ceased to be a scholar. The district lay on two roads nearly parallel to each other and about a mile apart, and no road within its limits to connect them, so the people could never agree upon a proper site for their house to stand. The school-room was furnished with seats made of planks or slabs long enough to reach from end to end and from side to side of the room, and the desk for writing was of like material, fastened to the walls (usually on three sides of the room) so that the scholars when writing were obliged to turn their backs to the teacher and face the wall, the window, and, too often, the darkness; for windows were neither large nor plenty, one or more corners of the room being too shady for the pupil to clearly discern the plummet lines under his copy. It was thought that for a boy to be able to perform all the hard problems in Kenney's arithmetic was about all he ever need to know of mathematics. Reading, writing, and geography were to be studied, but grammar was considered too effeminate and quite useless unless the boy aspired to become a teacher. Girls learned spelling, reading, and grammar, but arithmetic was regarded for them much as grammar was for boys. Ambitious mothers provided their daughters with a square of nice linen for the foundation of a sampler on which the letters of the alphabet, figures, her age, and other things (according to the fancy of her teacher and her skill) were to be wrought in needle work. There were but few who made teaching a business, and in general nothing beyond a common school education constituted their literary qualifications. The school fund was small and apportioned to the several districts according to the number of scholars in each. Temperance. — The cause of temperance has been strongly upheld by tlie good people of Leeds. Even before the days of the Washingtonians temper- ance meetings were held, and from the formation of the first society here organizations have existed. The Good Templars have two lodges at this writing, Stou}'^ Brook at North Leeds and Sparkling Diamond at Leeds Junction. Fir%t Mills and Other Industries., Merchants, etc. — John Jennings built the first saw-mill, a small affair, about 1790, at West Leeds, for the use of himself and his three sons near him, but accommodated liis other neighbors also. This was located near where Zachary Gary afterwards built a fulling mill. The second saw-mill was built in 1804 by Thomas Mitchell and Elias and Peter Lane. Andrew Gushman, who married Bathsheba Jennings in 1789, and settled in Leeds, built the first grist-mill, in 1814, on the privilege at West 568 History of Androscoggin County. Leeds now occupied by R. E. Swain. In 1817 he built a saw-mill on the same power. At his death in 1844, Daniel Hinkley became proprietor, and built a new mill. Stillman and Seth Howard later owned this property. Orrin B. Taylor was the next owner; he was succeeded in turn by E. E. Wheeler, Rodolphus Jennings, and R. E. Swain. Mr Swain has a manufactory of box boards and dowels, employing several hands, on this privilege. Eben Mason built the second grist-mill in town in 1816 on this same stream, deriving his power from an overshot wheel, 16 feet in diameter. Like all the early mills, this had a short existence. This Eben Mason was the first blacksmith. His shop was at the corner where Dr Loring lives. Oliver P. Frost had a black- smith shop very early at West Leeds, and Charles Bates one on Quaker Ridge. From his family Bates hill takes its name. Robert Crumett was the early blacksmith at the Center. Stephen Welcome and Cyrus Sampson had "asheries," where they made potash. The trades of tanning and shoeraaking were early combined. Samuel More, who served in the navy in the War of 1812 and was made prisoner, came to Leeds in 1814, put up a small tannery at Leeds Center, and was the town's first tanner. He continued to tan leather and make shoes until 1849. He died in 1881. James and Ira Lamb and Seth Cary were also tanners. Merchants. — The earliest were the Indian traders, Thomas and Roger Stinchfield. Some of the wealthier early settlers kept large stocks of necessities for their own use and frequentl}' accommodated their neighbors by sales or barter. The first traders, as we now use the term, were Stephen Welcome in the southwest part, William Turner in the south part (notices for town meeting were posted on his store in 1832), Cyrus Sampson at South Leeds, and Solomon Lothrop. Later Stephen Day (1839) and Joshua Lane (at the Dr Loring corner) had good stores. Solomon Lothrop, established at Leeds Center in 1820, was in trade many years. Noah Sturtevant, from Winthrop, succeeded him in trade until his store was burned. Mr Lothrop rebuilt the store and again engaged in trade. He sold to Barnabas Davee, who also conducted a furniture shop for some years. About 1820 Simeon Foss was in trade on the southeast corner at Leeds Center, and Nathan Randall near the town house. After Davee one Fogg traded for a short time, and then the store was idle. After a while S. & S. L. Lothrop put in a stock of goods, and later sold to Thaddeus F. More in 1846, Josiah Day succeeding him in 1847. The railroad contractors kept a store from 1849 to 1853. G. G. More, son of Samuel, was in trade in 1861. After him came Cyrus B. Lane, succeeded by Charles Lane, who was in business in 1872. Wallace L. Francis has occupied this stand for the last four years, carries a large general stock of goods, does a prosperous business, and is postmaster. Giustavus W. Lane established himself at the Center in 1883 as a dealer in groceries, flour, grain, feed, etc. In connection with his mercantile business, in 1889 he erected a steam grist-mill Town of Leeds. 569 at the station, to grind 200 bushels of corn daily. This has increased from a business of |5,000 annually to 150,000. He is also station and express agent. Thomas Q. Foss has been in trade and wool buying at North Leeds since 1850. H. M. Brewster is in trade at Curtis's Corner, and Brewster, Burgess & Co. have a steam mill, and manufacture lumber and boxes. C. H. Foster is a trader at West Leeds. Among the representative farmers are Peter Lane, T. H. Boothby, D. F. Lothrop, William B. Sumner, Henry G. Mitchell, the Additons, Seth Howard, A. J. Foss, Willard Lothrop, Cyrus B. Lane, Henry Francis, George Parcher, F. D. Millett. Physicians. — Abial Daily is said to have been the first physician. Among his successors have been Dr Thomas W. Bridgham, Dr Lord, and Dr R. S. Loring, who resides near the Center. H. F. Webb ^ Co. — This firm puts up canned goods. The business originated with Willard Lothrop in 1885. He canvassed the town for farmers who would agree to plant sweet corn for a canning factory, and, securing a sufficient number, Joseph Berry began the business the same year. In 1886 H. F. Webb & Co. came and have conducted a profitable enterprise to them- selves and the people. They pay three cents for 26 ounces of corn and put up 175,000 cans of corn yearly, besides other vegetables. Leeds Dairying Association. — This originated with the canvass by Mr Lothrop for the introduction of a canning factory. He found that quite a number were ready to support a cheese factory, and a stock company with 11,500 capital was organized the same year (1885) with Willard Lothrop, D. F. Lothrop, J. F. Jennings, C. H. Lovejoy, John Woodman, directors, and G. W. Lane, treasurer. They built a factory at Leeds Center, employed a cheese maker, and went into operation in June. It has succeeded even beyond the expectation of its originators, and has declared annual dividends of from five to twelve per cent. Most of the product is sold in Lewiston. The directors in 1891 are D. F. Lothrop, B. Turner, T. H. Boothby ; C. H. Lane is clerk; G. W. Lane, treasurer. The town was early noted for its attention to agricultural improvement. Rev. Paul Coffin hi 1796 was a guest of William Gilbert, and speaks of his crops thus: "This man raises annually about five hundred bushels of bread stuff and fourteen hundred weight of flax, etc. His hay and bread stuff will this year exceed two tons of hay, and more, by the acre on upland." It is said to have been the first of the Androscoggin valley towns to hold a town fair or "show," and the disphxy was "magnificent," all the people exerting themselves to make each annual exhibition a success. These fairs were discontinued many years since, but since 1885, and with the creation of the Grange, renewed attention is given to them. Leeds has been almost exclusively an agricultural town, and from the rugged culture of its fields have been brought up strong, capable men, who, succeeding to the worth of a brave and 570 History of Androscoggin County. gallant ancestry, have, at home and elsewhere, done honor to their parent town, and reflected credit on the family names. Many have served with distinction in the military service of the country, many have adorned the walks of professional life, while those who have remained on the old homesteads possess the same qualities and carry into all departments of life the same ability, integrity, and marked sense of honor, possessed by their pioneer ancestry and the Massachusetts families from whom they descend. The Lane Family is one of the oldest in town. Daniel La7ie, the pioneer, was originally from Gloucester, Essex county, Mass. This county has ever been noted for the intelligence of its inhabitants, the first settlers having been mostly descendants of noble English families. In 1782, Daniel Lane, with wife, Mary, and family, came from New Gloucester. He had served in the Revolution, been taken by the British, and kept two years in Dartmoor prison. His children were: Daniel^ who married, first, Eunice Verrill, and had Joshua, Daniel, Eunice, Nancy, Lois, and Mary; second, Ruth Pratt, and had Eliphalet G., Olive, Lorinda; James, married Abigail Leadbetter; children, Phebe, Joanna, John, Abigail, Asenath, Eliza, Hannah, Alden, Columbus, James ; Griddiw/s, married Jemima Norris ; children, Polly, Alpheus, Lydia, Jemima, Dorcas, Fanny, Giddings, Samuel, Susannah, Esther, Calvin, and Nancy ; Ellas, married Mary Lawrence, and located in 1790 on the lot where his grandson, D. F. Lothrop, resides; children, Elizabeth, David, Warren, Alvin ; Peter, married, first, Lois Verrill; children, Eliphalet, Issachar, David, Jesse, Judith, Lois; second, Grace Turner; children, Semyntha, Peter, Joanna, Eunice, Benjamin F., Charles, Harriet; Saminel, married, first, Judith Verrill; second, Sarah Nye; children, Henry K., Samuel, Harriet; Mary, married Stephen Rowe, of Danville; Judith, married Captain Daniel Jones; they had nine children; Lydia married Nathaniel Norcross, of Hallo well. The sons of DanieP settled west of Androscoggin pond, except one who settled near the center of the town. Peter Lane was born at Leeds, September 7, 1816. He was son of Peter of New Gloucester, and Grace (Turner) Lane (a daughter of William and Joanna Turner, who came from Bridge water, Mass., to Littleborough in 1787). Peter Lane married, first, Lucretia P., daughter of Hon. Stillman Howard, of Leeds; second, Mary J., daughter of James Palmer, of Cornville. Mr Lane was in business in Portland for 33 years. Since 1872 he has conducted his farm of 200 acres on Chapel hill. He makes a specialty of butter-making. In his herd of 50 choice cattle in 1890, 40 were fine Jersey and grade cows. Mr Lane is a Republican; in religious preferences a Universalist. The Jennings Family were early residents of Sandwich, Mass., and probably descend from Sir William Jennings, of England. John and Ruhama Jennings had one son, Samuel, who was town clerk 25 years. His sons were Samuel and John. John removed to Wayne in 1780 with a large family. His sons, Town op Leeds. 571 Samuel and John, came to Leeds about 1784, cleared farms, and made homes, near the Androscoggin. Samuel married Olive Tupper. His sons were Samuel and Perez S., who was born in Leeds. Perez S. married Joanna, daughter of James Lane. Their children were Orville, who became U. S. district attorney in Arkansas; Cress/us F., a prominent citizen of Farmington ; lioscoe G., a physician, professor of clinical surgery and dermatology in and secretary of Arkansas Lidustrial University; RolUnF.; Q-iiHfavus J.., occupied the old homestead; Eliza A.^ married Isaiah B. Additon. John, brother of Samuel, married Sarah Morton. Children: Alexander ; John ; Sardli ; Bctse// ; Franldin N.; Pliehe W.; Robert; Deborah C. ; Esther M.; Columlnis, an excellent farmer on Riverside farm ; and Stur(/es N. The Lotltrop Family^ of Leeds, descends from Mark Lothrop,' who came to Salem, Mass., about 1643, and in 105G was one of the proprietors of Bridge- water ; in 1657 took the " Oath of Fidelitie," in 1658 was elected constable, and for 25 years held a high place in affairs, dying in 1685. His sons were Samuel and Mark. SamueP lived in Bridgewater. His son, Daniel,^ born in West Bridgewater, May 2, 1721, married Rhoda Willis, and was a major in Col Crafts's regiment at Dorchester Heights, when Washington took command of the army. Major Lothrop was also one of the original members of the First Baptist church of Bridgewater. In 1790 he rode on horseback from Bridgewater to Littleborough to visit his son, Daniel, Jr,^ and was well pleased with the locality and remained until his death in 1818. Col Daniel LothrojJ, Jr^ was born in Bridgewater, Mass., in 1745, and in 1785 came to Leeds with a large family. He had been an officer in the Revolution, was an able man, and one of the first selectmen. He married, first, Hannah Howard; second, Lydia Willis; third, Mary Turner, in 1785. His children were George, Daniel, Thomas, Hannah, Samuel, Sullivan, Lydia, Polly, Rhoda, and Alson. He died in 1837. His many descendants have proved themselves worthy of their name and their ancestry. George,*^ born in Bridgewater, 1765, married Polly Thayer. He eventually located in Leeds, where he died in 1839. His children attaining maturity were : Solomon ; Leavitt ; Hannah, married George Gould; Jeremiah; Polly, married Reuel Foss, who moved to Auburn about 1866, where they died. Solomon Lothrop^ son of George and Polly (Thayer) Lothrop, was born in Bridgewater, February 26, 1788, and coming to Leeds, he married, July 15, 1810, Sarah W., daughter of Daniel and Sally (Whiting) Lothrop. He was the first postmaster of the Center, and for many years was active as a business man. Lothrop's Corner through his energy became a prominent center. He acquired wealth, became owner of a large acreage, filled numerous offices, and was active in social and religious circles. His home was where Willard Lothrop lives, and was purchased from Dr Abiel Daily. Among his children were: Soloynon X., born June 10, 1817, married April 20, 1840, Hannah 572 History of Androscoggin County. Turner, who survives him. Betsey, born December 13, 1813, married Lewis Turner, and has tliree children: Ermina J. (Mrs E. D. Hamilton), Emma C. (Mrs James Norris), Frances A. (Mrs Turner now lives in Middleboro, Mass.) WiUard, the youngest son, was born June 18, 1828, and married, January 10, 1860, Emma, daughter of Rev. Samuel and Sarah (Leadbetter) Boothby. Children: Susie E. (Mrs G. W. Lane), Frank B., Sarah C. Mr Lothrop has contributed much to the advancement of the town by securing the establish- ment of various industries. He is especially interested in the Universalist church and is superintendent of its Sabbath school. Captain Seth Howard came from West Bridgewater in 1801, and purchased of Roger Stinchfield the farm opposite the Otis place on the northeast. He was baptized by Rev. Isaac Backus, and is said to have been the first person in that town to have received apostolic baptism. The Howards of Leeds descend from John Howard, who came from England prior to 1643 and settled in Duxbury, and, in 1651, became one of the proprietors and original settlers of West Bridgewater. Captain Howard was a man of dignity, a good presiding officer, and was frequently moderator. His wife was Desire Bailey of West Bridgewater. They had seven sons and two daughters: jStUlman, the oldest son, married Lydia Lothrop and settled in Leeds, and was a successful farmer, an important man of affairs, a captain in 1814, was representative when Maine was made a state, and later ; justice of the peace and quorum ; county commis- sioner of Kennebec county, and one of Governor John W. Dana's council in 1849. He died in 1861, aged 76. He had two sons, Stillman L. and Seth. Everett died in Georgia. Ward was collector of customs in New York City for four years under Van Buren's administration. SetJi died in Mississippi. Rotv- land B. settled on the homestead. Valentine R. was a physician in Alabama and died there. Benjamin F. settled in Leeds (he died in 1882). His daughter married A. J. Foss. Aurelia married first, Dr Thomas M. Bridgham ; second, Samuel Leadbetter. Lueretia married Jabez Leadbetter. Stillman Lotlirop Howard, eldest son of Hon. Stillman and Lydia (Lothrop) Howard, was born March 3, 1810, in Leeds, and died in Wayne, November 9, 1890. He was a teacher many years and taught navigation. For over 40 years he held prominent town offices, and was the first justice commissioned in Androscoggin count}^ and held a conmiission 42 years. He was selectman, treasurer, etc., and for 30 years was a trustee of Monmouth Academy. The historical sketch of Leeds in the "Atlas" was written by him. He married, in 1833, Julia A., daughter of Joseph and Deborah (Gilbert) Turner. Children : Ward B., Howland, Daniel H., Lucius, Florence, Julia, Henrietta (Mrs John Clark Stinchfield). Mr Howard did much probate business, was a valuable counselor, and his efforts brought about many public improvements. He moved to Wayne in 1875. Seth Howard, son of Hon. Stillman and Lydia (Lothrop) Howard, was born in Leeds. He married Amanda Additon and has seven children, Elsie A. Town of Leeds. 573 (Mrs H. W. Lincoln), Fletcher and Florilla (Mrs James C. Pike) — twins, Lydia A. (Mrs Charles S. Pike), Seth A., Dora L., and Lucretia L. He has been often in positions of public trust — member of school committee, selectman, treasurer, representative, and justice of the peace. He is a deacon of the Baptist church, an active member of the Grange, and a strong Republican. He is one of the best types of the intelligent and well-read farmers of Maine, liberal of his time and means in religions and educational causes. Major- trcneral Oliver Otis Hoivard., A.M.^ LL.I)., born in Leeds, November 8, 1830, was graduated from West Point in 1854 as lieutenant of ordnance, and in 18G1 was made colonel of the Third Maine. He was promoted to brig- adier for distinguished services ; was twice wounded at Fair Oaks, losing his right arm ; commanded his division at Antietam ; was made major-general in 1862; commanded the Eleventh Corps at Chancellorsville and in the Peninsula campaign ; received a letter of thanks from the President for skill and bravery at Gettysburg ; was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland, where he won distinction ; commanded one of the three grand divisions of Sherman's army in its march to the sea, and, March 13, 1865, became brigadier and brevet major-general U. S. A. In May he was made Chief of the Freedman's Bureau, which he resigned in 1872 to become commissioner to the Apaches. From 1874 to 1881 he commanded the Department of the Columbia, in 1877 con- ducted the war against the Nez Percys, in 1878 the Piute and Bannock wars, in 1881 and 1882 was in command of the Department of West Point, then was transferred to the Department of the Platte. He has been now for several years in command of the Division of the Atlantic. In civil life General Howard is noted for high Christian character and as an author of ability. General Charles H. Hoivard, born in August, 1838, was a lieutenant in the Third Maine, later aide-de-camp to General O. O. Howard, rose by promotion to brevet brigadier-general. After the war he was made assistant commissioner of the Freedman's Bureau, He has been editor of the Chicago Advayice, and is now editor of the Farm, Field arul Stockman, of Chicago. Rev. Rowland B. Howard, formerly a pastor at Farmington, is secretary of the American Peace Society, Boston. jStepheu R. Deane, born in Leeds, September 4, 1816, descends from John Deane, born in Chard, England, who emigrated to Taunton, Mass., in 1637, and is son of Zebulon and Esther (Millett) Deane. Mr Deane married, first, Elvira Pratt. Children: Rose E., Henrie IL, Abbie E. Mr Deane married, second, Victoria H. Turner, April 8, 1859. Children : S. Homer, Stillman H., Phillips H., Percy H. Cyrus Deane, of Taunton, Mass., settled in Greene early, and his brother Zebulon, born in Taunton, Mass., June 12, 1773, came about 1793, and finally settled on a farm in West Leeds, where he passed his life. This farm is owned and occupied by his descendants. The farm adjoining it on the south is owned by Truman Deane ; the next farm south, containing 574 History of Androscoggin County. 100 acres, is the property of Stephen R. Deane, who, with two of his sons, conduct it. They keep cows, young cattle, usually oxen, horses, sheep, etc. An important part of their business is the making of cheese. Mr Deane was educated in Maine, and Boston, Mass., and was a school teacher in many towns in Maine; in 1844 and 1845 he taught a commercial school in New Bedford, Mass.; was clerk and paymaster of the Merrimack Lumber Co., of Lowell, Mass., for 12 years; was in trade in Leeds several years ; postmaster of West Leeds 15 years; was on the school committee 13 years; when 18 years of age he joined the Leeds Rifle Co. Mr Deane favors the Republican party politically, and religiously believes that "upon that one word, Love, hang all the Law and all the Commandments." Thomas C. Foss, a merchant at North Leeds, was born in Leeds, March 18, 1829. He is a son of the late Rev. Walter Foss, who for 50 years was a well- known Baptist preacher. His grandfather was Uriah Foss, one of the earl}^ settlers in Leeds, prominent in town affairs, and selectman for several years- Mr Foss's mother was Dorcas, daughter of John Morrison, of Wayne. She was the honored and loved mother of seven sons and eight daughters. Both parents lived the allotted "threescore and ten years," ending lives of marked usefulness. Mr Foss married, first, Elizabeth L., daughter of Ebenezer Cobb, of Leeds; second, Abbie J., daughter of George T. Cox, of Farmingdale. By tlie first wife six children were born : V. Richard, of Portland, has served two years in the city council of that city, the last year being president of the lower board, and is now holding other important official positions; Belle P. and Grace J)., of Portland; Kate M.: Thomas C'., Jr, of Leeds; and Preston W. (dec). Mr Foss has always lived in Leeds, and has been engaged in mercantile pursuits for over forty years, being particularly connected with the wool trade in his section. He has held the position of postmaster at North Leeds. He has always been a Republican. Wallace L. Francis, born at Leeds, May 12, 1850, is the son of Davis and Rosamond Francis, of Leeds. He is a descendant of Rev. Thomas Davis Francis, who was born in Hay, Breconshire county, South Wales, November 23, 1764, and came to America in 1778. He came to Leeds with the Stinch- fields to give instruction to their children, and was the first teacher in the town, and was so pleased that he remained here, married Eunice, daughter of Thomas Millett, and permanently located in 1784. He became a noted theologian and local statesman and exerted a salutary and powerful effect in moulding the institutions and giving character to the town. He was the first representative (in 1804) to the General Court and was for a time in the State Senate and stood the peer of the ablest in that body, and his memory is revered in the town. In 1804 he was ordained pastor of the First Baptist church, which relation he sustained until his death. May 9, 1836. Wallace L. Francis married, in 1879, Miss Georgia A. Francis, of Concord, N. H. They Town of Leeds. 575 have two daughters, Gard R. and Ghidys H. He is a merchant and postmaster at Leeds. He is a Democrat in politics, and a Free Mason and an Odd Fellow. Albert Barker, son of David and Priscilla Barker, was a native of Lewiston. His ancestors were among the earliest settlers of that town, his great-grand- father having located at Barker's Mills, now Barkerville. Mr Barker served in the army from September 10, 1862, to March 2, 1863, and is a member of the G. A. R., and has attained the rank of adjutant in the order. He is a member of the I. O. G. T., and has been Chief Templar in Stony Brook Lodge, of North Leeds. He is an enterprising farmer and builder, a Republican in politics, a Universalist in religion, and performs his duties of justice of the peace, faithfully and promptly. Charles A. Lovejoi/, son of Jonathan and Ruth (Benjamin) Lovejoy, of Livermore, was born in that town. He married Clara E. Greenwood, of Leeds. They have had two children, Arthur N. J., who is now employed in the E. C. Allen publishing house at Augusta, and Minnie A., who died in 1879. He moved to Leeds, and in June, 1879, commenced farming on the farm where he now carries on a prosperous business, making a specialty of raising fine cattle, mostly Durham. Li religious preferences he is a Universalist, in politics a Democrat, and was chairman of the board of selectmen of Leeds from 1884 to 1889. Hev. Samuel BootklH/ was born in Leeds, April 17, 1808, and died July 9, 1884, in Lewiston. Li 1830 he was baptized into the fellowship of the Baptist church at Wayne, and in 1840 was ordained pastor of the Baptist church at Turner Bridge, and after four years became pastor of the church at Wayne for five years. He labored for a 3^ear in Aroostook county in the employ of the Maine Baptist Missionary Convention. He then entered the service of the American and Foreign Bible Society and gave earnest labors in that field till 1883. In his last years he was engaged as a missionar}^ in Lewiston. He was an energetic and a thoroughly Christian worker, whose labors met substantial results. He married, in 1831, Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Betsey Lead- better. Their sons were Stephen and Roswell C. Lieut- Colonel Stejyhen Bootlihy was born in Leeds in 1833, was graduated from Waterville College, and studied law at Bangor, where he was admitted to practice. He opened a law office in Portland with Hon. Mark H. Dunnell. In 1861 he enlisted in the First Me Cav., was ultimately promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and died June 6, 1864, at Point Lookout, from wounds received at Beaver Dam Station. 576 History of Androscoggin County. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. LEAVITT LOTHKOP. HON. LEAVITT LOTHROP,^ son of George and Polly (Thayer) Lothrop,' was born in Vassalborough, May 10, 1793. In 1816 he married Betsey, daughter of Elias and Mary (Lawrence) Lane. He settled in Leeds, and in 1826 moved to the farm now occupied by D. F. Lothrop, where he resided until his death, April 17, 1849. Mrs Lothrop died January 12, 1878, in Auburn. Mr Lothrop was an energetic man of business, and in all the various activities of the community worked diligently and well. He was nominally a farmer, and carried on agriculture extensively and profitably, owning at the time of his death 800 acres of land in Leeds, 200 acres in Canton, 100 acres in Greene, and 50 acres in Hallowell. He took keen interest in all enterprises that promised to do well for the people, and his personal services were freely given to their development and improvement. He was active in procuring subscriptions to the stock of the Androscoggin & Kennebec Railroad, and subscribed to the extent of his means. He assisted in procuring the charter of the Leeds & Farmington Rail- road, subscribing $1,000 to its stock. He lived to see the Androscoggin & Kennebec road built, cars running to Auburn, and the road partly graded to Waterville. In civil and political life his good common sense, sound judg- ment, and honesty of purpose rendered his presence in public positions most valuable to his constituents and the community, but although often called to office he did not seek it or need its emoluments. He was often chosen select- man, agent, and to other responsible offices in town, represented Leeds in the legislature, and was state senator in 18-16 and 1847. He was appointed county commissioner of Kennebec county in 1841, and held that position three years. He was prominent in the state militia, serving in its successive grades to that of colonel, by which title he was generally known. In this service he was engaged for a short time on the lower Kennebec in the military operations of the War of 1812. In these and numerous other places of responsibility, such was his wise sagacity, pleasing urbanity, and thoughtful consideration that his associates in councils and labors became lasting friends. A working man through life, he was a liberal and true friend of the laboring man, who always received honest consideration at his hands. Generous and social, his house was an abode of hospitality and friendship, while his life was dominated by integrity and uprightness. He was a Baptist in religion, and liberal in sus- taining Christian institutions. In the home circle he was kind and affectionate. iSee page 571. •^ Town of Leeds. 583 has been the nominee of his party for representative, in one campaign coming close to an election in a strong Republican district. He has been several times candidate for county commissioner, receiving flattering votes. He was U. S. census agent for Greene and Leeds in 1860, has often been selected for important trusts, and has performed delicate offices with acknowledged ability. He is firm and decided in his opinions, cautious and conservative in thought, tenacious in his convictions, and frank, sincere, and honest in declaring them. He has always been a Universalist and a liberal supporter of the cause. Genial, hospitable, and kind-hearted, he has many friends, among his warmest ones those of opposing politics. Mr Additon has been a most useful citizen. A firm and conscientious official, he has always opposed anything like extrava- gance in the administration of town affairs, and by a long and faithful service has acquired the esteem and confidence of his townsmen. Thomas Jefferson Additon^ brother of Isaiah B., was born August 20, 1832. He has alwaj^s been a farmer and occupies the homestead of his father, con- sisting now of 85 acres of well-tilled land. He married Rozilla Smart, born in Parkman. Their children are Luetta M. (Mrs W. H. Thomas), Chester J., Elwin E., Anna S. (Mrs Truman M. Shaw). Elwin E. Additon, great-great- grandson of Thomas, of Duxbury, and great-grandson of Thomas, the pioneer of Leeds, was born August 24, 1864, on the farm where his grandfather lived and died. At the age of 17 he commenced teaching winter schools, and when 22 he was elected a member of the superintending school committee, and the next year supervisor of schools, which office he held two years. He is a Patron of Husbandry, and, with his father, cultivates their fine farm, and devotes special attention to dairying. He married Mary A. Thomas. The Additons have been for several generations successful "tillers of the soil," and good representatives of New England's intelligent farmers. 684 History of Androscoggin County. EAST LIVERMORE. By Ctkus Knapp, Esq. CHAPTER XXXHI. Incorporation — Topography — Livermore Falls — Early Mills — Freshet — Early Busi- ness Places and Residences — Advent of the Railroad — Hotels and Stores — Dr Millett and Lawyer Knapp — Toll Bridge — Railroad Extension — Mills and Manufacturing — Churches — I. 0. G. T. — Camp-Ground — Physicians — Lawyers — Civil List — Personal Sketches. K '' ^ LL that part of the town of Livermore in the county of Oxford on the east side of tlie Androscoggin river " was set off March 20, 1843, and incorporated into the town of East Livermore and classed in the county of Kennebec. The set-off was made on account of the inconvenience of holding town meetings and doing town business across an unbridged river at all seasons of the year. As town meetings were held on the west side of the river at Livermore Center, many a time in March the annual meeting could not be properly attended from the eastern side by reason of floating ice, and the inhabitants of the western portion would have everything their own way. The eastern part of the town bitterly and for a long time complained of this inconvenience, and asked for a bridge, but as they could never obtain a vote for this, they went to the legislature, and at length succeeded in a division of the town, leaving the bridge question to future developments. By a resolve of the legislature of 1844, chapter 284, the number of polls set to the valua- tion of East Livermore was 135, and the estates were valued at -$129,454. The length of the town is about nine miles, and the average breadth about three miles. It is bounded on the north by Jay, on the east by Fayette, on the south by Wayne and Leeds, and on the west by Livermore. In the extreme northeast corner is Moose hill, so named because Deacon Elijah Livermore shot a moose near the top more than 100 years ago. Moose hill rises from 400 to 500 feet above the plains. From its summit a very fine view is had. Mt Blue, Mt Abram, Mt Saddleback, and many other mountains are seen in the north, while in the west the Oxford Hills and the White Mountains loom up, and in the south (through a glass) the ocean can be viewed. No less than 16 ponds are in sight, and many villages. There has been talk of erecting a summer hotel on this summit. East of its highest point is a large mineral spring ; at its southern base lies Moose hill pond, as pure a body of water as could be desired, fed by springs, and having a small outlet, called Redwater brook, the best trout stream for miles around. Three counties, Town of East Livermore. 585 Kennebec, Franklin, and Androscoggin, and four towns, Fayette, Chesterville, Jay, and East Liverniore, corner near the highest elevation of Moose hill. Near the center of the town is Jug hill. This name was given by an early trader at Fayette Corner, because the inhabitants living about its base usually ever}^ Saturday night brought their jugs to him to be filled with rum. East of the center of the town (partly in Fayette) is the Methodist camp-ground, where, from its easy accessibility by road and rail, many assemblies, other than those for religious worship, are wont to meet, such as G. A. K., temperance, political, and Sabbath school organizations. The place, besides the buildings and cottages on the campground, has two stores, a post-office, and a saw-mill on a stream running southwestward from the ponds to the river. There was considerable activity at Strickland's Ferry, near the depot, when the railroad first came, but a fire not long since left only one store and one dwelling. This place is the southern limit of the town ; the line is but a short distance from the depot. From here northwest to Hillman's Ferry was called Tolla- Walla in former times before the division of the towns. " It was the Indian name of the Hunton Rips," says a writer, "and means nothing worse or more disrepu- table than the honorable name — Livermore." Haines's Corner, east of Hillman's Ferry and near the center of the town, was "a merry place in days of yore." Here were stores (and shops as well), a union meeting-house, where town meetings were held for some time after the incorporation of the town; but the stores and shops, as also the meeting-house, have gone, leaving but a few dwellings, a school-house, and a church-yard to indicate what it has been. North of here, with a few exceptions, are the best farming lands, as much of the southern part of the town is flat and sandy. Shy Corner, about one mile from the Falls, where was formerly Barton's Ferry, was once a place of considerable business. There were two stores, a saw-mill, rake factory, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, and some other buildings, all of which have disappeared, except half-a-dozen dwelling-houses. East of here, just beyond the Sears house, was formerly a Baptist meeting- house, but in 1854 it was taken down and moved to the Falls. The place now begins to assume considerable activity since the County Agricultural Society in 1889 located its grounds here, where it has one of the best trotting-parks in the state. On the island in the river at this place, in former times, some of the Kennebec Indians would lodge at certain times of the year, for hunting and fishing at the mouth of Redwater brook, and when the Roccomeka tribe from Canton Point came down they would run, and the Roccomekas called them the "Shy Indians." Hence the name. Livermore Falls. — About one mile north of Shy is the village of Liver- more Falls, sheltered on the north, east, and west by prominent hills. The Indian name was Roccomeka Falls. About 1791 mills were erected by Deacon Elijah Livermore, but there could not have been much of a settlement 586 History of Androscoggin County. immediately following their erection, for forests were in close proximity in 1803, as two men — Eliphalet Rovvell, grandfather of Major Rowell of Hallowell, and Jonas Walton — were killed that year while at a "falling-bee," a few rods below the depot, on the O. Lyford place, and in 1813 there were only three dwelling-houses — those of Samuel Richardson, Thomas Davis, and Joseph Morrill. Nothing of note occurred for 35 years, during which a small village was developed. March, 1846, there was a freak of the river never known before or since. The water backed up over the falls, then swirled to the eastern shore and swept off nearly everything in its way. The grist-and-saw-mill of Capt. E. Treat, stores of C. Pettingill, A. Kimball, and C. Wads worth, the carding mill of William Haskell, scythe factory of J. V. Walton, and the dwelling-house of Benjamin Paine were swept from their foundations, and some of them (almost bodily) carried a quarter of a mile and lodged against the elms that skirt the brook below the O. Lyford place. E. Pettingill's store and the Moody house, though somewhat damaged, were the only buildings left in the wake of this unnatural current. A sudden freshet breaking up the river above had brought down a huge volume of water, with ice, logs, broken bridges, and other imped- imenta^ and when this huge drift went over the falls the unbroken ice below held it in check, but at length, giving away with a loud report, the water sought its natural channel, leaving the ice and drift piled promiscuously on the road and flats half waj' or more from the foot of Mill hill to Barton's Ferry. It took a great deal of labor to make the river road passable, as the ice and drift in places were piled 40 feet high. Some of the ice did not disappear until the middle of the next July. As soon after this as Captain Treat could con- struct a saw-mill and prepare the lumber he rebuilt the grist-mill, and either the following summer or the next, all the buildings reappeared except the scythe factory and Paine's house. Mr Paine did not dare rebuild on the old spot, as he and his family barely escaped in the flood. He had retired the night before apprehending no danger, but when he arose in the morning the water was so high that his family made their escape by clinging to a fence until one of his neighbors arrived with a boat. He rebuilt his house and shop up the hill next to the Baptist church. At this time (1846) the business part of the place was below Mill hill, and comprised four stores, a grist and saw mill, a carding mill, a scythe factory, and two or three shops. On the west side of Main street, north from the mills, the first structure was the Macomber house, where Ham's store is now. The house has been moved back and is the residence of Mrs John W. Eaton. The next house was the Pray house near the railroad, now occupied by R. C. Boothby. There was a small house where J. Pettingill lives. The next was the hotel kept by William French, where the Basfords live. Further north the barn and corn-house of S. Richardson completed the buildings on that side Town of East Livermore. 587 of the street. On the east side of the street, after passing the Richardson house south, was the Captain Cutler house (moved across the road in the fall of 1890 by G. R. Currier). Up Church street, on top of the hill, was the house and shoe shop of C. Wadsworth, and a little beyond, a school-house. On the other side of Church street was the house of O. Pettingill, where now stands the Baptist parsonage. On the corner of Main and Union streets was the D. S. Walton house, now owned by C. Pettingill, and in a lane (now Union street) stood as now the house of S. B. Walton. Next on Main street, below Pettingill's, was the A. Kimball house, where Cyrus Knapp now resides. The next south was the John Walker house, the southern part of the Bean hotel. Below this on the Treat corner there had been a hotel, but it was burned prior to this and the lot was vacant. On the north side of the lane (now part of Depot street) was the dwelling of L. Chandler, moved back in the fall of 1890 to make way for the Odd Fellows Block, The next building was the Walker house, where Mrs Robinson now resides. The next was the Dr Hale house. Next was the house and cooper shop of John Hunt at the extreme end of the lane and close to the gully. On the south side of this lane Walker had a shop. From there to Main street was cultivated land. Down the hill on the east side of Main street first was the Waterman house, long since torn down. The next was the Cooper house, now standing. One more below this, the Mayo house, still standing ; and we have all there was of Livermore Falls in March, 1846, when the river, as Captain Treat used to say, " run up the Mill hill " and washed away its business portion. The place remained in this condition (excepting the erection of Treat's house on the corner of Depot street and the Paine house aforementioned) until awakened by the scream of the steam whistle in 1852, at the completion of the Androscoggin Railroad from Leeds Junction. The pioneers of this road here were Captain Treat, E. Pettingill, and John Smith. At first it was in doubt whether it should come further than Shy so as to go up the Chesterville valley when extended, but Captain Treat said it must come here; he took the last section to build himself, and it came. From this time the place was very active. George D. Lothrop purchased the Walker house and enlarged it for a hotel. The French hotel had been owned and run by O. Luce, but as Mr Luce became freight' master it was rented to R. Graffam. The influx of population as soon as buildings could be erected for its accommodation, was considerable. The stores of C. Pettingill, A. Kimball, and others were moved up the hill to the west side of Main street. W. Hunton, from Wayne, an active business man and formerly a county commissioner of Kennebec county, erected a store on Depot street and went into trade. S. Read, from North Livermore, moved over and opened a store next to Hunton. Dr A. R. Millett from Minot, and C. Knapp from Monmouth, young, unmarried men right from school, followed the railroad and opened offices. They boarded at Lothrop's hotel, and soon 588 History of Androscoggin County. became fast friends. The Doctor was a Democrat, " dyed in the wool," while Knapp, a Whig as long as the party lasted, became a Republican upon its dissolution. They soon became leaders in their respective parties, and many a set-to they had upon the political issues preceding the late war. Their last joint discussion was in the Fremont campaign in 1856. It was arranged by their political friends. Rev. O. H. Johnson and Col Merritt acting for Dr Millet, and Rev. Mr Pendleton and Rev. Mr Garland for Knapp, Knapp to speak first for one hour, the Doctor to answer in one and a half hours, and Knapp to close in half an hour. At the time appointed the hall was full to overflowing and a vast crowd filled the door-yard and blocked the entrance. Knapp spoke his hour, Millett his hour and a half, and Knapp had got about half through with his reply when Dr Hale was taken with a fit and had to be removed through the window. Knapp said, after quiet was restored, that "he knew he was giving Millett fits, but didn't suppose he was giving any one in the audience fits." This remark brought down the house, and he proceeded to close without further interruption. The friendship between these men was never broken. Dr Millett married a daughter of Captain Treat and Mr Knapp a daughter of O. Luce, the hotel keeper. They lived near neighbors, and sometimes when the Doctor was sick, the other has been known to mount his gig and carry medicine and prescriptions to his patients. Dr Millett died in 1889, honored and respected. In 1858 a toll-bridge was erected across the river above the falls near the location of the present bridge, but in March, 1871, it was carried away by an ice freshet. In 1872, by the enterprise and capital of Caleb Smith, of Liver- more, the present bridge was built and having been run as a toll-bridge till 1887, it was made free by the action of the county, the two towns, and individual contributors. In 1857 the railroad was extended to North Jay, and the place for a while seemed to stand still. In 1862 it was somewhat revived upon the erection of a milk-condensing-and-cheese-factory by the Roccomeka Company. This busi- ness flourished during the war, but upon its close the company ceased operations, and in 1877 sold the factory and water-power to Alvin Record, (a son of Thomas and Harriet Record, of Greene,) who converted the factory into a leather-board mill, as which it is still used. Mr Record is a remarkable man. The first dollar he ever earned was in picking beechnuts on Moose hill. He worked at his trade of a carpenter until about 1861, then was in the apothecary business until 1871, when he began the manufacture of leather-board. Later he built pulp mills here and at North Jay, and carries on the business in connection with the leather-board manufacture. He also owns the grist and lumber mills. He has about #75,000 capital invested in his business here, and about $100,000 at Jay. He employs 60 hands here and 50 at Jay. His monthly pay- roll here is |1,300, and at Jay, |1,200. He also has an orange grove in Florida, Town of East Liveemore. 589 where he and his wife (Agrandice Lyford Record) pass their winters, leaving his business to his sons Edward H. and Judson A., and daughter Helen, who has been his book-keeper since he has been in business. The Umhagofj Pulp Company was incorporated in 1882 with a capital at first of #150,000, subsequently enlarged. The property is on both sides of the river. Extensive improvements have since been made ; strong dams and large buildings have been erected, and the property is among the most valuable on the Androscoggin. Sixty hands are employed, and the monthly pay-roll is $2,400. The officers of the company are : president, H. J. Chisholm ; treasurer, E. B. Dennison ; superintendent, Charles R. Loring ; clerk, D. J. Bogan. The Otis Falls Pulp Company was organized in 1888, with a capital stock of $150,000, since increased to over $200,000. The plant is on both sides of the river, and in three towns. The mill is a few feet over the line in Jay. Otis Falls are half a mile above Livermore Falls, and were once owned and occupied for a lumber mill by Oliver Otis. The company employs 75 men, with a monthly pay-roll of $2,500. The officers are : president, C. A. Brown ; treasurer, H. J. Chisholm ; superintendent, W. C. Bursley. The company is erecting a large paper mill. One of the industries that gives employment to both sexes, and therefore the most useful, is the variety wood-turning business of F. S. Richmond. Mr Richmond is a native of Livermore, and has been in the business from his youth. He has been, like Mr Record, the architect of his own fortunes. He employs 80 hands, with a monthly pay-roll of $1,200, uses both steam and water power, does an annual business of $40,000, while his products, as one has said, "go to the ends of the earth." The manufacture of clothing by E. W. Pressey is a useful industry for the employment of females. Mr Pressey has been in business here some 15 years, employs 30 hands, and does an annual business of about $10,000. The manufacturing business of John L. Cummings commenced at Livermore Center a few years since in a small way, and now employing 15 operatives, and doing an annual business of $20,000, has its post- office address here. Mr Cummings manufactures trunks, extension cases, and plush goods. All the smaller industries are well represented. The population of the town is steadily increasing, and its future growth and prosperity is assured. The valuation is : real estate, $347,200 ; personal, $103,361 ; polls, 390 ; liabilities, $4,903.46 ; resources, $3,391.26. Merchants. — Since the utilization of the water-power commenced, Liver- more Falls has been a considerable trade center. A Mr Mills was in trade here as early as 1815. Slowly came others: E. Pettingill, Stone, Waterman, Cooper, Cutler, Mayo, Kimball, C. Pettingill, Noyes, Reed, Chandler. Li 1870 were in trade E. Treat, S. J. Burgess, W. H. Wood, C. Pettingill, J. A. Ramsdell, J. W. Eaton, S. Coding, J. W. Dunham, Alvin Record, N. G. Cofran, B. B. Drake, M. Larkin, G. O. Foye, C. R. Noyes, M. Sylvester, J. P. 590 History of Androscoggin County. Fogg. In 1890 W. A. Francis and E. N. Berry (since 1871) traded at the Mills, H. N. Sawtelle at Strickland's Ferry, S. E. Perkins (since 1880), W. S. Treat, C. Pettingill, J. A. Ramsdell, J. G. Ham, David Elliott, Moore & Sprague, J. L. Cummings, Cloutchie & Deshain, E. L. Beck, George Chandler, W. A. Stuart, A. C. Hutchinson, S. W. Burbank, E. Edgecomb, S. J. Burgess, J. F. Jefferds, G. F. Wood, E. S. Goding, E. & H. Sewall, M. E. Whitcomb, and others. The Baptist Church at Livermore Falls was organized November 20, 1811, and was originally the Third Baptist church in Livermore. The original members were Rev. Thomas Wyman, Zephaniah Bumpus, Jesse Smith, Ebenezer Turner, Ithamar Farrington, Theodore Martin, Levi Pike, Nancy Whittemore, Sally Bassett, Mary Lyford, Rachel Farrington, Hannah Pike, Irene Smith, Mary Bumpus, Sarah Smith, Polly Turner, Elizabeth Farrington, Mary Baker, Jerusha Lyford, Sally Marston, Ebenezer Farrington, John Wyman, Daniel Wyman, Cushman Bassett, Jonathan Libby, Ebenezer Whit- temore, Betsey Smith. The meetings of the church were held in dwellings and school-houses until 1825, when a meeting-house was built at Shy, near the present cemetery. In 1854 this house was moved to Livermore Falls, and in 1871 was torn down to give place to the present brick building. The pastors have been: Thomas Wyman, November, 1811, to October, 1817; Elias Nelson, 1818 to 1820; Adams, 1820 to 1822 ; John Hays. February, 1822 to 1823; Adams, from 1823 to March, 1821, from which time until June, 1833, the church had no regular pastor; Nathan Mayhew, June, 1833, to September, 1835; William Wyman, 1836; O. B. Walker, December, 1839, to February, 1842; D. Hutchinson, 1842 to 1844; Amos Pendleton, May, 1844, to May, 1846; William Wyman, July, 1846, to May, 1850; Rufus Chase, June, 1850, to June, 1853; A. B. Pendleton, May, 1855, to April, 1863; A. Bryant, Novem- ber, 1863, to November, 1866; Asa Perkins, March, 1867, to April, 1868 ; E. M. Bartlett, March, 1869, to March, 1871 ; J. F. Eveleth, June, 1873, to June, 1878; E. F. Merriman, July, 1879, to September, 1880; E. S. Small, October, 1880, to June, 1890. Rev. W. O. Ayer, the present pastor, came in Septem- ber, 1890. The present membership of the church is 145, and of the Sunday school, 150. R. C. Boothby is Sunday-school superintendent. Moose Hill Free Will BajMst Church. — This church was organized in 1828. Ithamar Farrington, Joseph Lyford, Levi Pike, Philip Smith, Rachel Farring- ton, Mary Lyford, Betsey Pike, and Betsey Smith were the original members. The pastors have been John Foster, William Badger, E. G. Eaton, Roger Ela, A. Hathaway, C. Campbell, Elder Hutchinson, Elder Jones, J. Edgecomb, S. P. Morrill, D. Alden, J. Bartlett, C. E. Tedford, E. N. Berry, H. C. Lowden, W. Davis, and W. W. Carver. The church at present numbers 81 members, and the Sunday school has 50 scholars. Mrs O. Roys is superintendent. Town of East Liveemoee. 591 Methodist Upiscopal Church. — The first Methodist sermon preached within the bounds of Fayette circuit was preached by Jesse Lee at Fayette Corner, February 11, 1794. The old Fayette circuit was set off from Readfield charge in 1827, and there were Methodist classes formed at this time at Fayette Corner, Cyrus Baldwin leader; one on the Ridge, Samuel Tuck leader; Ches- terville class, Ezekiel Knowles leader; Jay class, Moses Stone leader; Canton, Ezekiel Treat leader; East Livermore, Isaac Billington leader; Livermore Falls, William Snow leader. The first quarterly meeting of the charge was held September 5. About 1829 or 1830 a union house of worship was erected near Haines's Corner, East Livermore, where the Methodists continued to worship until 1844, when, through the efforts of Mr Jacob Randall, a meeting- house was bought and removed from Fayette Corner to East Livermore and dedicated in 1845, in which the Methodists have worshiped up to the present time. In 1830 an extensive revival occurred, Henry True preacher in charge. The work commenced at Haines's Corner, East Livermore. John Lord, then presiding elder of Portland district, aided powerfully in promoting the work. On the night preceding the quarterly meeting Isaac Billington, the class leader, prayed all night for God's blessing upon the meeting. There were violent opposers in the neighboi^hood, who wrote threatening letters to some of the young men who had been converted. Early in the morning the converts, led by the presiding elder, visited the houses of the men who wrote the threatening letters, prayed and sang praises at their doors. The revival spread over the circuit, and as the result of this work the pastor baptized and received into the church 111 persons. The East Livermore part of the M. E. church was composed of 53 members at its formation, and the church on the whole has been grandly successful and has been distinguished for the steadfastness and fervid piety of its members. The territory which the East Livermore church formerly embraced has been reduced by the formation of the church at Liver- more Falls, to which about 75 members of the East Livermore church were transferred. The church has a membership of 100, and a Sabbath school of 50 members. Mr N. W. Brown is superintendent. The preachers have been: 1827-8, Philip Ayer ; 1828-9, Nathaniel Norris; 1829-30, Henry True ; 1830-31, Henry True and B. D. Eastman ; 1881-3, Asa Heath; 1833-4, Gorham Greely ; 1834-7, Philip Munger ; 1837-8, Huse Dow; 1838-9, Asa Green, Asa Smith, P. Munger; 1839-40, Joseph Lull; 1840-42, Ira T. Thurston; 1842-3, Thomas Smith; 1843-4, Thomas Smith, W. H. Foster; 1844-6, Benjamin Foster; 1846-7, Josiah Higgins; 1847-9, Daniel Randall; 1849-51, John Allen; 1851-2, Joseph Gerry ; 1852-4, David Copeland ; 1854-6, Isaac Lord; 1856-8, Heman Nickerson; 1858-60, W. H. Foster; 1860-62, Alvah Hatch; 1862-4, Phineas Libby; 1864-6, Heman Nickerson; 1866-9, Charles Andrews; 1869-72, Daniel Waterhouse ; 1872-5, John P. Cole; 1^75-8, C. W. Blackman; 1878-9, David Pratt; 1879-81, H. B. Wardwell; 592 History of Androscoggin County. 1881-2, Samuel Bailey; 1882-3, Charles Manger; 1883-4, O. S. Pillsbury; 1884-7, W. H. Foster; 1887-9, Henry Crockett; 1889-91, J. R. Remick. Tlie Livermore Falls Methodist Episcopal Church was organized May 15, 1866, with 86 members, through the instrumentality of Samuel Baldwin, Orrin Haskell, Moses Stone, Cyrus Parker, Jonathan Pike, L. H. Daggett, and Charles Richardson. Lothrop's (now Bean's) hall was fitted up with pews, pulpit, and galler}^ and used as a place of worship until the handsome new church building on Church street was ready for occupation, some three years later. In 1888 the church erected a parsonage. Pastors — 1866, James Armstrong; 1867-1868, Ruel Kimball; 1869, Stephen Allen; 1870-1871, John M. Woodbury; 1872, Willard Bartlett ; 1873-1874-1875, W. H. Foster; 1876, Richard Vivian; 1877, Sylvester Hooper; 1878-1879, Asbury Trafton; 1880-1881-1882, George L. Burbank; 1883-1884, M. E. King; 1885-1886, John L. Hill; 1887-1888, C. E. Bisbee ; 1889-1890, A. E. Parlin. The present membership of the church is 163. The Sunday school has 206 scholars. E. C. Dow is superintendent. Universalism} — For a number of years previous to 1860 services were held occasionally in a union church at Haines's Corner, and in the school-house and Treat's Hall in Livermore Falls. Among the ministers who officiated were George Bates, Thomas Dolloff, Ezekiel Vose, Robert Blacker, George Quimby, O. H. Johnson. Under the ministry of the latter the present house of worship was erected in 1860. Abram Luce, Grin Luce, Comfort Pettingill, Cyrus Morrison, Nathaniel Mayo, and Ezekiel Treat furnished the money. Two of this number (Comfort Pettingill and Abram Luce) are now living. The building lot was given by Comfort Pettingill and Ezekiel Treat. The contract of building was let to Ezekiel Treat. In 1861 there was organized a Universalist society, the first organization of Universalism in East Livermore. The next pastor after O. H. Johnson was D. T. Stevens. His successor was B. H. Davis, under whose administration, in 1881, was organized " The First Universalist Parish Church," with these members : Benjamin H. Davis, I. L. Alden, A. R. Millett, Dora A. Alden, Charles H. Boothby, H. N. Stone, Com- fort Pettingill, M. M. Stone, Charles Pettingill, C. H, Cram, George H. Dascomb, V. D. Cram, M. L. Pettingill, Lottie Boothby, F. S. Richmond, S. J. Millett, Emma A. Richmond, Abbie Hyde, Celia B. Coolidge, Elisha Coolidge, Nellie L. Lisherness, Abbie Haines, Charles R. Lisherness, A. Knapp, Adelbert Alden, E. M. Eustis. The idea was to have both a parish and church with but one organization. H. C. Munson followed Mr Davis, and he was succeeded by F. K. Beem. During the present pastorate the Parish church has been reorganized so that there are two organizations, or parish and church. The parish officers are: president, Howard Sewall ; secretary. Miss Minnie W. Alden; treasurer, Charles Pettingill; examining committee, Mr and Mrs S. E. Perkins and Mrs 1 By Rev. F. K. Beem. Town of East Livermoee. 593 George Wood. Officers of the church : secretary, F. S. Richmond ; treasurer, Charles Pettingill ; deacons, F. S. Richmond and A. Q. Knapp. In connection with the church is a Sunday School, Ladies' Circle, and Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor. Eockomeka Lodge, No. 283, I. 0. a. T., was organized July 17, 1882. The charter members were C. R. Loring, David Cargill, G. S. Burbank, J. L. Lothrop, Albert Allen, A. O. Wood, Lillian Allen, Katie Ross, G. T. Vining, Martha A. Pierce, E. S. Elliott, Mrs C. R. Loring, J. N. Coding, Clara J. Basford, A. J. Moore, E. Ridley, Mrs E. E. Dyke, Susie N. Cargill, Carroll Cargill, R. C. Boothby, Henry Reynolds, J. L. Morse, James Ridley, Minnie Marsh, Mabel Lamb, Vesta Boothby, Emma Lamb, B. A. Knapp, E. C. Basford, A. P. Ricker, E. E. Dyke, C. H. Kimball, J. A. Record, A. D. Brown, W. E. Morse, Laura A. Coding, Mrs N. Pierce, J. N. Pettingill, Nettie F. Pulsifer, S. A Burbank, Sarah S. Hood, Annie L. Cole, Lottie F. Cole, E. S. Small. The first officers were: R. C. Boothby, C. T. ; David Cargill, P. C. T.; Rev. E. S. Small, Chap.; J. A. PettengiU, V. T.; W. E. Morse, Sec; E. C. Basford, Financial Sec; S. A. Burbank, Treas. ; Clara J. Basford, D. M. ; C. H. Kimball, I. G.; E. E. Dyke, O. G. The present officers are: W. L. Dow, C. T.; W. Holley, P. C. T. ; Minnie Alden, V. T.; J. W. Knapp, Sec; Sybil Alden, F. Sec; Gertrude Rand, Treas.; H. Green, M. ; Elra Coding, D. M.; Rev. W. H. Foster, Chap.; Isaac Boothby, G.; Frank Warren, Sen.; E. A. Keen, Lodge Deputy. The lodge is in a prosperous condition, and has 130 members. Pure (xoJd Lodge, L. 0. Gr. T., No. 26'2, was instituted at East Livermore Mills, November 10, 1888, with 16 charter members. Officers as follows: C. W. Brown, C. T. ; Nettie A. Berry, V. T. ; M. E. Gould, C. ; W. B. Crane, Sec. ; Horace Tobin, Asst Sec; L. P. Gould, F. Sec; George Keith, Treas.; Fred M. Berry, M.; Lester Brown, D. M.. Mrs E. N. Berry, G.; E.,N. Berry, L. D. ; Alvena Stetson, S. J. T. ; E. N. Berry, P. C. T. There are at present 50 members in good standing. Camp Ground. — Since the year 1850 the Methodists of East Livermore and vicinity have held meetings annually in a grove known as the East Liver- more Camp Ground. This association of Methodists was incorporated in 1870 and was called the East Livermore Camp-Meeting Association. At present the association owns about twenty acres of land, a large boarding-house, stable, and offices. There are many beautiful cottages owned by the society and individuals. The auditorium has a seating capacity of about 3,000. The grounds are beautiful and well arranged. Present officers : G. R. Fernald, president; W. H. Foster, vice-president; A. D. Cole, secretary and treasurer; C. W. Brown, N. W. Brown, A. D. Brown, directors. Physicians. — Haines'' s Corner. — Dr Charles MiUett was in practice at Haines's Corner until about 1848 when he moved to Lewiston, where he died 594 History of Androscoggin County. in 1854. Dr William B. Small, a son of Dr Small, of Jay, was in practice here until about 1870. Br William Cary practiced here before the organization of the town. Liver more Falls. — Br Snoiv came in 1818. Br William Kelsey was in practice here. He died in 1842, aged 34. Br Bavid Hale came from Fayette Mills about 1843, and resided here until his death in 1868. He was an honored and respected citizen and skilled in his profession. Br A. R. Millett, a native of Minot, came in 1853 and was in practice here until near the time of his death in 1889. He was an able physician and had a large practice. Br Albert Gr. French moved here from Fayette about 1859, remained four years, returned to Fayette, where he practiced until he moved to Lewiston, and opened an office with Dr liussell. Br Selden F. JVeal, who was for a time preceptor of Hebron Academy, and assistant surgeon in the army, located here in 1865, and obtained a good practice. He died in 1872, He was succeeded by Frank Garcelon, a native of the place, who moved to California about 1877. Br Isaiah L. Ahlen came from Turner in 1877. He had been in practice in the West. Though feeble in health, he soon entered into a large practice. He died in 1886, lamented by all. Br J. E. Bradbury, a native of Livermore, came here in 1884. In 1889 he moved to Stoughton, Mass., where he is now in practice. The present physicians are : Br Charles E. Knight, a native of Livermore, son of William and Rebecca Knight, who has been for a number of years a member of the school committee. Dr Knight was educated for his profession at the Maine Medical School, and is a graduate of Waterville Classical Institute and received his degree at Bowdoin College. He located in Livermore Falls in 1887, and was appointed United States pension examining surgeon in 1890. Br O, H. Cribbs, also a native of Livermore, has been and is now a member of the school committee and town clerk and treasurer. Br Henry Reynolds came here from Auburn. Lawyers. — The first lawyer we have any record of was William A. Evans, a native of Hallo well, and a brother of LT. S. Senator George Evans. Mr Evans was here about 1840, but soon moved to Fort Fairfield. Grrove Catlin, from York county, was here in 1854, though partially retired from practice, and devoting most of his time to his farm at Otis Falls. After C. Knapp came he was often his competitor in the trial of suits. ^ Catlin was a man of respectable talents and attainments, but of intemperate habits. He moved to New Hampshire about 1865, where he died. H. C. WentwortJi, a native of Readfield, came in 1858. He was a college graduate, and had taught in an academy in Georgia. He was a lieutenant in the 16th Me. In 1870 he moved to Auburn, and was of the firm of Wentworth & Cornish, Lewiston, and later practiced alone. He iThe last time he was engaged in a trial with Knapp was at Livermore Falls before Esquire Hiinton, when, dissatistied with some ruling of the court, he seized his hat and started for home, saying as he went out of the door, " Blast such a court, to be ruled by that calf-head of a lawyer." Knapp, after he left, coolly remarked, " I always knew there was something the matter with me, but never knew before that it was a calf's-head.'' Town of East Livermore. 595 was a man of talent, a good debater, and an able public speaker. A. C Otis came from Winthrop and opened an office in 1873, but returned in 1875. The present lawyers are C. Knapp and H. C. Whittemore. [See Bench and Bar.] Civil List. — 1844, 1845 — A. Barton, clerk; A. Barton, D. Benjamin, J. Ford, selectmen. 1846 — A.Barton, clerk; D. Benjamin, J. Ford, J. Cutler, selectmen. 1847 — A. Barton, clerk; J. Cutler, L. B. Young, N. Wellington, selectmen. 1848, 1849 — A. Barton, clerk; A. Barton, J. Ford, J. Lovejoy, selectmen. 1850 — A. Barton, clerk; J. Cutler, F. Morrill, S. Baldwin, selectmen. 1851— A. Barton, clerk; J. Cutler, J. Ford, J. Lovejoy, selectmen. 1852, 1853, 1854 — A. Barton, clerk, A. Barton, J. Lovejoy, J. Ford, selectmen. 1855— A. Barton, clerk; A. Barton, J. Lovejoy, C. S. Pray, selectmen. 1856 — A. Barton, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. Morrison, J.Ford, selectmen. 1857, 1858 — E. Kimball, clerk; C. S. Pray, J. Lovejoy, F. F. Haines, selectmen. 1859 — E. Kimball, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. Morrison, J. A. Kowell, selectmen. 1860 — A. Barton, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. Morrison, J. A. Rowell, selectmen. 1861, 1862 — A. Barton, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. Morrison, S. Haines, selectmen. 1863 — A. Barton, clerk; C. S. Pray, H. L. Morrison, F. N. Billington, selectmen. 1864 — A. Barton, clerk; W. Hunton, S. Haines, H. Garcelon, selectmen. 1865 — H. Garcelon, clerk; W. Hunton, H. Garcelon, F. N. Billington, selectmen. 1866, 1867— H, Garcelon, clerk; H. Garcelon, F. N. Billington, J. Lovejoy, selectmen. 1868 — H. Garcelon, clerk; H. Garcelon, F. N. Billington, H. L. Morrison, selectmen. 1869, 1870— H. Garcelon, clerk; H. Garcelon, C. S. Pray. H. L. Morrison, selectmen. 1871, 1872, 1873 — H. Garcelon, clerk; E. Treat, F. N. Billington, H. L. Morrison, selectmen. 1874 — E. E. Goding, clerk; E. Treat, F. N. Billington, H. L. Morrison, selectmen. 1875, 1876 — E. E. Goding, clerk; J. W. Eaton, R. C. Boothby, C. W. Brown, selectmen. 1877, 1878, 1879— E. E. Goding, clerk; J. W. Eaton, R. C. Boothby, N. W. Brown, selectmen. 1880, 1881 — E. E. Goding, clerk; R. C. Boothby, N. W. Brown, A. M. Wing, selectmen. 1882 — E. S. Goding, clerk ; R. C. Boothby, A. H. Ford,C. B. Knapp, selectmen. 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886 — C. H. Gibbs, clerk; R. C. Boothby, A. H. Ford, L. C. Wyman, selectmen. 1887 — C. H. Gibbs, clerk; N. W. Brown, A. J. Dane, E. E. Goding, selectmen. 1888 — C. H. Gibbs, clerk; E. E. Goding, N. W. Brown, C. B. Knapp, selectmen. 1889, 1890 -C. H. Gibbs, clerk; George R. Currier, C. W. Brown, A. M. Bumpus, selectmen. 1891— C. H. Gibbs, clerk; R. C. Boothby, J. A. Rowell, A. H. Ford, selectmen. Rostvell C. Boothby^ son of Samuel and Sarah (Leadbetter) Boothby, is a native of Leeds, and grandson of Stephen Boothby who came to that town, an early settler, from Saco, and cleared the farm now occupied by his son William. Stephen had two children, William and Samuel. Roswell C. Boothby is one of the leading men of East Livermore. Republican in politics he is an able supporter of the principles of his party, and has held important public offices in town and county. He is a Baptist in religious preferences, and is prominent in Masonic circles; a member of Reuel Washburn Lodge and of Lewiston Commandery, and has been D. D. G. Master of the Fifteenth Masonic District. He married Clara A., daughter of Hezekiah and Nancy (Coffin) Atwood. [Mrs Atwood was daughter of Naphthali Coffin, an early settler of Livermore, and is now living near Livermore Center at the advanced age of 90 years.] Their children are Eugene H., Vesta J. (dec), Samuel D., Eloise H. Jonathan F. Jefferds, son of Rev. Forrest, a native of Wells, and Sarah C. (Stearns) Jefferds, a native of Bedford, Mass., was born in Middleton, Mass. He comes of historic lineage, being a descendant of John Alden of Mayflower fame. The children of J. F. and Ann M. Jefferds are Nellie F. and Lizzie V. Mr Jefferds is a Congregationalist in religious preferences and a Republican politically. He was chief clerk in the New England railroad mail service 14 years, and is now postmaster at Livermore Falls. He served two years in the 596 History of Androscoggin County. army, is past commander of Kimball Post, G. A. R., of this place, and has served three years on the staff of the commander of the Department of Maine. Gieorge A. Gordon, son of Robert F. and Elvira V. Gordon, was born at Livermore, December 18, 1856. His father was a native of Hooksett, N. H., whither his great-grandfather emigrated from Scotland, his name appearing upon the first inventory of that town. Mr Gordon married, in 1879, Florence S. Young; they have one son, Harold B. Mr Gordon is a resident of Liver- more, is United States j)ension attorney, and conducts insurance and real estate business at Livermore Falls. His religious preference is for the Universalist faith; politically he belongs to the Democratic part}'. He is an Odd Fellow. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ALBION RICKER MILLETT, M.D. THERE is no more valuable member of the community than the intelligent and devoted physician. He is a benefactor of his race, and, when death claims an old, tried, and reliable medical practitioner, one whose profes- sional skill and tender care of his patients has won the esteem and love of all, we feel in our hearts, and utter with our lips, " a good man is gone." It is well that the memory of such men should be cherished, and that a niche should be kept for them in the history of the county where their laborious lives were passed. Of this number Dr Millett takes foremost rank. Albion Micker Millett,^ son of David and Asenath (Hersey) Millett, was born at Minot, now Auburn, June 19, 1826, and died June 8, 1889, at Liver- more Falls. He attended the district schools, taught school for some years, and after his academic studies were completed commenced the study of the profes- sion which was to be his life-work, in the office of Dr Wiggin of Auburn; was graduated from Bowdoin Medical School in 1854 and established himself at Livermore Falls, where for a quarter of a century he was a successful, sympa- thetic, and well-beloved physician, and only retired from practice on account of failing health. Dr Millett married, March 10, 1861, S. Josephine, daughter of Captain Ezekiel and Martha (Richardson) Treat, a lady who was a true helpmeet, and by her appreciative sympathy and consideration lightened his heavy labors. Their son died in infancy; but their home was gladdened in 1867 by a daughter, Lottie, now Mrs C. H. Boothby, of Portland, whose son bears the name Albion Millett Boothby. iFor ancestral history see biography of F. D. Millett, Leeds. ^'^ *^ JJi/^itxsStms.PM" Town of East Livermoee. 597 Notwithstanding his devotion to his profession and its manifold cares, Dr Millett was no idle spectator in the progressive, political, moral, and intellectual elements of the town. In I860 he purchased a tract of land on the east side of Main street, built a fine residence, and later opened Millett street, on which he erected several houses on the north side. He was a life-long Democrat, and for many years a leader of his party in the vicinity. He was several times a candidate for the legislature, and, such was his popularity, ran ahead of his ticket, but his party was in the minority. He was a close reader of the Bible, a prominent member of the Universalist society, president of the Franklin County Universalist Association for years, and a liberal supporter of that denomination. In every worthy enterprise he withheld neither his word, influence, or money. He was made a Mason in Oriental Star Lodge, Liver- more, and was a charter member of Reuel Washburn Lodge, Livermore Falls; had been a Mason for 30 years, and was buried with Masonic honors. As a physician Dr Millett's wide researches, retentive memory, and love of study, added to good judgment, placed him among the leading practitioners of the state, and many owe their lives to his professional skill. In business matters his knowledge of affairs, his general intelligence, and his ability caused his opinion to be widely sought. (3f correct habits, unquestioned integrity, irre- proachable character, with a clear head and a pure and tender heart, always true to his convictions, and ready to defend right and justice, Dr Millett may be truly said to have been one of nature's noblemen. His memory is gratefully cherished, and those who knew him will say that this is not the language of eulogy, but simple truth. "Better than storied urn or animated bust" is such a monument of tender memories. CAPTAIN EZEKIEL TREAT. The man to whom Livermore Falls is most indebted for its existence was Captain Ezekiel Treat, son of Captain Ezekiel Treat of Canton, who owned and commanded ships engaged in traffic between Boston and foreign lands. Ezekiel Treat, Jr, was one of six sons whose weight aggregated over 1,200 pounds, and as a boy accompanied his father to sea, and rose to be captain of his father's vessels. He followed the sea until he was nearly 40 and then settled in Canton. He married successively Sarah and Martha, daughters of Captain George P. Richardson, of Duxbury, Mass. One child of the first wife, George M., and two children of the second wife, Sarah Josephine (Mrs A. R. Millett), and Winfield S., are now living. In 1845 Captain Treat moved to Livermore Falls, where he purchased the entire water-power of the Andros- coggin river in East Livermore and the land that now forms the principal business portion of the village of Livermore Falls. He was the first to utilize the vast power of the falls, building grist, saw, and shingle mills, which he carried on for years. It is remarkable that w^heu he sold the water-power (now 598 History of Androscoggin County. worth thousands of dollars) he was only paid $1,500 for it. From the time of his arrival until 1876 he was by his energy, ability, and the multiplicity of his enterprises preeminently the leading spirit of the place. He established the mercantile firm of E. Treat & Son, now conducted by W. S. Treat, and in many and widely-varying directions he helped forward every effort to develop the village. He built at his own expense the last mile of the railroad into Livermore Falls, to fulfill his prophecy that " the whistle of the locomotive should be heard in the village in a twelve month." He paid the bills and collected the costs from the company by law. Originally a Whig, he became a Democrat on the death of the Whig party; but aside from holding the office of selectman, justice, etc., took no political positions. He was a man of positive character, j^et had a friendly interest in all that made him universally popular. He was a strong Universalist, and was the chief one in originating the first society and in building the meeting-house. He died June 24, 1879. i ANDROSCOGGIN COUNTY (Western Division). TOWNS FROM CUMBERLAND AND OXFORD COUNTIES: Auburn, Danville, Poland, Minot, Durham, Turner, Livermore. AUBURN. By W. a. Fergusson. CHAPTER XXXIV. Auburn — Indian Occupancy — Territory — Title — Surface — Soil — Early Settlers and Lots — Incorporation — Action and Growth — Goff's Corner — Early Settlements — Stores and Traders — The Carpet Factory — First Teacher — First Hotel — Increase in Values- Business Houses in 1851 — Formation of Androscoggin County — The Great Fire — Auburn Village Corporation — Auburn Village in 1859— East Auburn — West Auburn — North Auburn — Stevens Mills — New Auburn. AUBURN, the legal center of the county and possessor of the county buildings, is a city of energy and progress, of rapid and beautiful growth, of stirring manufacturing activity, of artistic and beautiful homes, of thoroughly American people. There is no fairer city in all the breadth of Maine. There is no city where all the certain elements of constant and steady development exist to a greater degree. There is no city with a higher reputation for those qualities which make an enjoyable residence, where temperance, morality, and culture walk hand in hand with thrift and intellect, science and wealth. Extending for miles along the west bank of the Andros- coggin, it has the most charming of locations, giving beauty of situation as well as natural commercial advantages. All of the centers of civilization in its limits have elements of beauty ; diversified and picturesque scenery of lake and mountain view, with surroundings of hill and vale to satisfy an exacting artist. And then the wealth and richness of the grand old elms and other trees that shade so many of the streets, roadsides, and picturesque homes ! It is a place to please and attract a stranger and give just pride to its people. 600 History of Androscoggin County. Throughout the whole valley of the Androscoggin in the days of Indian occupancy there was not a more lovely section than that immediately adjacent to the falls and the junction of the Little Androscoggin with the main stream. The massive pines formed a vast forest — a perfect paradise of game — which stretched for miles away. The streams and spring-fed Lake Auburn swarmed with fish. Li charm of nature and beauty and advantage of location for aboriginal life this place was unsurpassed. Here the fierce and warlike Anas- agunticooks kept the capital of the valley region, had their principal village, and maintained fortifications. Their fleet of canoes, their skin tents with the smoke issuing from the opening in the top, their inclosure surrounded by sharpened stakes hewed by their stone axes or prepared by fire, with their forms arrayed in the dignity of paint and feathers, presented a sight of barbaric splendor. But that life long since passed away. Only the old chroniclers tell us of its existence in a line or two gleaming out in local coloring, and tradition conjures up a shadowy semblance of the wild reality. The very site of their fort is problematical. The old annalists tell of its capture in 1690, and one account states that some of the Indians in fleeing from pursuit concealed them- selves back of West Pitch, and, suspecting this to be their place of refuge, the whites fired into the falling water, with the result of a dead Indian plunging into the stream beneath. The traces of Indian occupancy have been frequently found in skeletons, weapons, stone implements, and not many years ago the hills of their corn fields were easily discerned. In grading the streets some years since 10 or 12 skeletons were exhumed, buried in a sitting posture, with wampum and weapons. Auburn extends about 12 miles along the west side of Androscoggin river, its greatest length being nearly 15 miles, with an average width of 4| miles. Its area is over 50 square miles, one-sixth water. It is surrounded by Turner on the north, Lewiston on the east, Durham on the southeast. New Gloucester on the southwest, Poland and Minot on the west and northwest. It includes the east half of the original town of Minot and the town of Danville, originally Pejepscot. The title to the Minot portion comes from Massachusetts through the Glover and Bridgham purchase, and that of the Danville portion from the Pejepscot Company. The first white settlements were on the hard wood high- lands away from the river, and that part now most thickly populated was left untouched many years. Auburn is connected with Lewiston by two public and two railroad bridges, and has the best of shipping facilities. The conditions for farming, gardening, fruit-raising, and stock-breeding within its limits are excellent ; the rural population is intelligent and enterprising, and the two cities afford excellent home markets. The surface is undulating, without mountains, but hills and glens introduce mountain features into the landscape. From the elevations, some of them several hundreds of feet above the bed of the Androscoggin, a panorama is City of Auburn. 601 presented extending to the White Mountains in the west, easterly across the Kennebec, south and southeasterly to the Atlantic, and northerly to the region of mountain and pine. Lake Auburn, formerly Wilson's Pond, is a lovely sheet of water four miles long, and two miles wide in its broadest place, of clear and pure water. It is the natural reservoir from which the city is supplied with water, and its shores are sought as a summer resort and for cottages. Taylor Pond is a smaller body of water of 577 acres southwest of Lake Auburn. Little Androscoggin river winds through the city for several miles, rushes over rapids and a fall of 70 feet, and empties into the great river at the foot of the hill where it pleases us to think was located the historic fort captured in 1690 by Major Benjamin Church, and at the place where Edward Little, Esq., chose his last resting-place and was first buried. Auburn is noted for its valuable farms and wealthy farmers. The stock farm of B. F. & F. H. Briggs has a national reputation, is one of the leading farms of the state, and the only farm on earth owning a full brother or sister to two trotters with records better than 2.11 : Warrener, full brother to Sunol 2.101, and Sadie L., full sister to Nelson 2.10. Grenadier, one of their yearling colts, trotted a half mile in 1891 in 1.481. Daniel Lowell, E. R. Given, P. W. and Wallace R. Dill, L T. Waterman, Ansel Briggs, Henry Merrill, J. R. Learned, Horace B. Richardson (stock and market gardening), I. V. McKenney (market gardener) have much capital invested in their farms. Among other successful farmers are Z. T. Newell, the capable superintendent of the city farm, Seth Briggs, J. H. Moore, J. W. Ricker, S. G. Tribou, George H. Dilling- ham, C. H. Record. Charles L. Cushman is paying attention to the breeding of fine horses, and his stable and stock attract many visitors. Early Settlers and Lots. — From a j)lan of "a tract of land lying in Poland containing about 18,000 acres including the lands disclaimed by the proprietors of Bakerstown, with each settler's lot thereon with their names wrote in red," surveyed in August, September, and October, 1798, by Philip Bullen according to a resolve passed b}^ the legislature of Massachusetts, February 7, 1798, we take these names of the early Minot (Auburn) settlers. 11,16.5| acres were then laid out to actual and prospective residents, 7,694 remaining unoccupied. Commencing at East Auburn the large lot 48 containing the outlet and mills and stretching nearly to the Androscoggin was occupied by Samuel Berry. Going around Lake Auburn by the south and west we find the lots in this order : William Briggs No. 49, Arauua Briggs 59, Wm Briggs, Jr, GO, A. Dwinell 23, vacant 24, Wm Woodward 65, Elijah Record 64, John Todd 63, Squire Caswell 62, Samuel Jackson 61, James Packard 36, Joel Simmons 33, Joseph Daws 32, Cushing Daws 31, Job Caswell 28, Isaac Washburn 23, Nicholas Bray 22, Nathan Niles 21, John Staples 16, Simeon Caswell 15, David Head 103, [These last three include the head of the lake.] James Willis 5, Edward Packard 46, Jacob Packard 45, Alnathan Packard 38, Elijah Fisher 40, vacant 18. No. 49 on the Androscoggin is vacant ; this commences at the Danville line, runs 120 rods along the Androscoggin and 280 back from the river along the same line. Going up the river the lots above this are in 602 History of Andeoscoggin County. consecutive order A. Dwinell 55, Caleb Lincoln 58, Joshua Taylor 54 and 58 back of the first, Thomas Taylor 53 and 57 in the rear. On 53 is the mouth of the outlet of Lake Auburn. Next is Benjamin Pettingill 52, Philip Peasley 51, [The Taylors, Pettingill, and Peasley were here in 1795.] four vacant lots 21, 20, 19, 16, Thomas Little 50, John Dilling- ham 44, Elijah Record 43, 42, Wm Francis 41, joining Turner. Back of Francis on the north line 11, 4, 3 were vacant; then came Wm True 1, Daniel Briggs 9, and 2 in north corner vacant. Just north of Elijah Fisher's lot 40 were Nathaniel Ingersol 8, Zibe Eaton's heirs 13, and the west part of 14 Isaac Allen. The east part of 14 was settled by Amos Harvey. North of Eaton and Allen was B. Beals 12, north of Ingersol was 9, occupied by T. Abbott and Wm Francis; north of this Nathaniel Ingersol also owned lot 10. The tier of lots west of these last going toward A. Packard's 38, were Abel Allen 5 and 6, Lemuel Nash 7, Alexander Monroe 39. Abel Allen has another 6 laid out back of 5. South of this is Jeremiah Dillingham 7, Isaac Dillingham 8, Jacob Leavitt 47.V^West of these and south of Wm True 1, are John Dillingham 2, Wm True 3, George Tow[n]send 4 to James Willis 5. West of 2, are Gershom Holmes 10, Joseph Johnson 11 ; south of 11 are Asa Haskell 12 , and Samuel Bowens 13. West of 4 is Zenas Whitman 14, and following south on the curve line next to 2 is Noah Harvey 1, Elijah Bates 18, Noah Bates 17, Dimon Perry 19,1 Eogers Terrell 20, Timothy Bailey 24, Israel Bailey 26, Timothy Bailey 24 again, Henry Jackson 25, Benjamin Clifford 30, Isaac Nason 68. James Jewett 69 stretches along and abuts on Taylor Pond. Perez Andrews 27 is between B. Clifford 30 and Job and Wm Caswell 28 and 34. Aaron Dwiual 29 is southwest of Andrews 27, and towards Lake Auburn from 29 is Zecbariah Chickering35 and Benjamin Noyes 71, who also has another 71 appar- ently a corner of the large James Parker lot 70, lying just southwest and touching the head of Taylor Pond. East of Parker's lot is 37 settled by Christopher Young and Abiel Lapham. South of Jewett 69, between Taylor Pond and the curve line are John Downing 72, Henry Sawtel 74, Nehemiah Sawtel 75 ; next below 74 and 75 is Israel Bray 73 ; east of Bray is 28 vacant, and Seth Chandler 29. Michael Welcome 73 comes next on the curve line, following this line Daniel Jumper 82, Moses Emery 83, Ephraim Chubb 84, and 78 vacant brings us to the Little Androscoggin. Down this stream are Merrow 35 and 77 vacant, Widow Sarah Emerson 86, Thomas Bailey 87, 92, [He is said to have built Nason's mill in 1780.] Benjamin Thombs 93 and 38, Jonathan Emerson 91 adjoining Danville, and David and Nathaniel Small 94 on Danville line north of the stream. [This settlement dates to 1780. In 1786 John Nason owned a mill, and besides these here given Daniel Moody, Daniel Libby, and Samuel Starbird lived here in 1791.] Benjamin Coombs 89, Samuel Bailey 90, vacant 72, lie along the Danville line south of 91. Lots 71, 73, 74, T. Little 75 and 76, lie in the corner south of the Little Androscoggin. Wm Cordwell 78, Stephen Safford 11^ James Hodgkins 80, Samuel Downing, Jr, 79, James Manuel 85, Thomas Downing 81, Samuel Downing 81, Varney on 31, vacant lots 32 and 34, T. Little, Z. Eaton, and W. Harris 30 are west of Taylor Pond. On the shore of the pond next below 32 are B. Thomb and Stephen Rowe on 33. The outlet of the pond lies on 70 vacant. Down the outlet we find Dwinel 66, Noah Hersey 69, Thomas Seabury on 67, N. Hersey and N. Eveleth on 68, Jacob Stevens 97, Elias Merrill 98, Joseph Lamb 100. Next to 49 on the Danville line Joseph Welch has a small narrow lot 101. This is nearly surrounded by 48 which also joins 49. Further back on Danville line are 47, 46, T. L. 45. Between Taylor Pond outlet and the Little Andros- coggin are these other lots: Nathan Nason 95, John Nason 96, Nathaniel Ingersol 44 and 37, iPerryville takes its name from him. He resided there many years until he was killed by being thrown from his wagon while loading hay. Among his children were Isaac, Noah, Ruhamah (Mra Abram Allen), Rachel, Bethiah (Mrs Levi Perry), David B. City of Auburn. 603 B. Thomb 43, B. Thomb and J. Boyd on 40, Pulsifer & Nason 36, and 34, 39, 41, 42 vacant. East of Taylor Pond on its shore are S. Row 65, Asa Whitmarsh 64, 62, W. Harris, Zibe Eaton, T. Little 63. Next to 62 toward Danville is E. Welch 61, next M. Collier and Deacon Perkins on 60; next toward Danville is 59 marked T. Little; "Sold to John Ran- deil," and next to this we find Moses Allen and J. Gott" on 5L Lot .50 is marked S. Row and west of 50 and 51 is the large lot of Elias Merrill 99. Between 49 [the location of Auburn city proper] and West Auburn we find these lots and owners. Elijah Hackett and E. WasLiburn .52, David Davis 53, James Perkins .54, Nathaniel Ingersol 27, George Curtis 25, John Gowell and Moses Allen 67, John Lowering. East of 53 and 54 are Henry Frost 56 and Samuel Berry, Jr, 57, while north of these are Darius White on 26 and Jonathan Nash on 22. These are the "old families," and many of their descendants are living in the Auburn of to-day. The Toivn of Auhurn was incorporated February 24, 1842, from " all that part of Minot lying easterly of the curve line (so called)." The first town meeting met at the Congregational meetingdiouse at West Auburn, March 7, 1842, the call being signed by Elisha Stetson, John Smith, William B. Merrill, Benjamin Given, Charles Little, Thomas B. Little. Auburn paid Minot $1,000 to equalize the expenses of bridges. In 1843 15 school districts were estab- lished, in 1845 a town house was located at Young's Corner, in 1848 a town farm was bought, price $950; it was sold in 1852, and in 1854 the selectmen were authorized to purchase another. In 1854 there were 12 votes cast for Lewiston as the county seat and 778 for Auburn. This year Elm, Hampshire, Pearl, Pine, Oak, Willow, and Summer streets were laid out. In 1855 a com- mittee was chosen to purchase a lot and build a town house in Lewiston Falls; $4,000 were appropriated to do this, and it was voted to call it Auburn Hall. Town reports were ordered printed. In 1856 the Stetson farm was bought for a town farm ; price, $1,800. Up to March 1, 1857, the amount of selectmen's orders from the organization of the town was $33,883.50 ; there was credited, in addition, on treasurer's books, $6,654.62 = $40,538.12. The assessments during this time were $38,203.76, and the town then owed $14,275.63, with resources of $9,569.35. In 1856 cast 268 votes (all cast) for a state prohibitory law; School, Pickard, Back, Pleasant, and Railroad streets were located, and that part of Danville north of Little Androscoggin river was annexed to Auburn. The growth was rapid now, and in 1861 school district No. 18 was united to No. 9, which voted to hire $3,350 to buy a lot and build a school- house. In 1863, on the question of allowing soldiers in the field to vote, 687 votes were cast, all in favor. As the wealth and importance increase, expenses rise. In 1865 $3,200 was voted for schools, $1,500 for poor, $1,200 for expenses, $4,000 for interest, $4,000 for roads, etc., and $20,000 to pay debts. In 1866 Auburn Hall was completed at a cost of $17,106.69, and the town authorized a loan of $12,000 to pay its building expenses; for digging the cellar and building the three brick stores on the ground floor. Increase B. 604 History of Andeoscoggin County. Kimball and Charles R. Jordan are leased these stores for 45 years for one dollar a year. This year the town voted to fund its debt. In 1867 Danville was annexed to Auburn, and in Marcli the town voted to fund the debt of Danville, and to purchase the fire-engine, etc., of Auburn village corporation. In 1868 the town cast 215 votes for, 606 against incorporating the city of Auburn. In 1869 another vote was had, 452 in favor, 365 against. In tracing the growth, development, and prosperity of the various hamlets that became business centers, we take first that locality now the city proper. The oldest settlement in this part of the town was made on Merrill Hill, in 1789, b}^ Jacob Stevens, Benjamin True, Jabez Merrill, Levi Merrill, and Daniel Merrill, all of Turner. Two years later all but Mr Stevens sold their betterments to Elias Merrill, of New Gloucester, who here provided a home for his large family of sons, many of whose descendants are now residing in the city. Goff's Corner. In the village that clustered around Goff's Corner two towns contributed. The line between Minot and Danville commenced " at the highest rock in the Androscoggin at the Falls," passed diagonally across Court street just north of the Elm House, and bisected the residence of Ara Cush- man. The first clearing was made in 1797 by one Marr, near the junction of Main and Court streets. He sold his claim to Joseph Welch, whose log house was the first permanent building. The second was a frame house built by Mr Dillingham in 1798 near the Falls on Foundry brook, where he erected a grist- mill. The next house was a log one, built nearl}^ opposite the Edward Little house by Solomon Wood. The growth for 20 years was slow. By the coming of Edward Little in 1819 an element of prosperity was introduced. In 1822 Jacob Read removed a small building from Lewiston on the ice to the site of Goff Block for the first store, and also opened the first public house. James Goff became Read's partner in merchandising, and bought store and goods in 1823. In 1823 the toll-bridge across the Androscoggin (superseding the ferry that had done duty since 1812) was completed, an accomplishment of great advantage to " Pekin," as the village was called. The toll-house stood on the site of Bradbury's livery stable, and the rates of toll are preserved. James O. Emery was toll-taker, but soon was succeeded by John Smith. Foot passen- gers 2 cents, horse and wagon 10 cents, chaise 16 cents, four-wheeled phaetons 32 cents, sheep 1 cent, oxen 4 cents. Mrs Charles Clark says: "In 1826, besides James Goff's store, Stephen Lowell had a small store on the site of Robinson's drug store ; Edward Little, Esq., a law office nearly opposite Goff's store on the river side. Barker Brooks had a blacksmith shop south of this. Just below Mr Little's office Orra Raynes had a millinery shop, and below Goff's store was Jonathan Raynes's building, shop, and house. This stood where Mechanics Savings liank stands. Jacob Read's tavern was next. It had one and one-half stories, and a busy place it was. Daniel Welch and Manning City of Aubuen. 605 lived lower down. These were all the buildings. In 1826 the Edward Little residence was built. Joseph Winslow lived some ways above the Elm House, James Goff on the site of Auburn Hall, Godfrey Lane above Winslow's. The Robinson store was built in 1831 by Thomas and Josiah Little. In 1835 it was sold to James Goff, Jr, who sold to Rev. Mr Stone, who kept a general store." In 1833 there were two merchants, James Goff and J. D. Dickinson. In 1835 Edward Little built a carpet factory on the brook near West Pitch. Thomas B. Little was agent and a flourishing business was done until it was burned about 1840. From 1845 to 1848 C. P. True & Co. (of which A. C. Denison was the chief member) did an annual business of from !S75,000 to $100,000 near the bridge, their store standing nearly on the site of Bradbury's stable. They bought enormous quantities of clover seed, pork, etc., keeping many four-horse teams busy in hauling them to Portland. As early as 1826 the Minot part was large enough to support a school, and the old red school-house, which stood until 1854, was built opposite "the patch " clay bank. The street then went past the site of the carpet factory. Turner street had not been located and the ground was covered with thick bushes. Some of the teachers were Robert Martin, Joseph, Sarah, and Mary Frye, Charles and Harriet Chase. From 1826 to 1848 religious services were held here. The first teacher at Goff's Corner was Orra Raynes, the first milliner. She married Joseph D. Davis, the merchant, and is living at an advanced age, in her quaint brick house with its garden of old-fashioned flowers, on Court street, next to Auburn Hall. Maine Hotel. — This stands on the site of one of the first frame houses. It was one and one-half stories high when built by Zebina Hunt before 1818, but used as a dwelling until purchased for a tavern by Jacob Read in 1822. Hunt was the ferryman for many years. Elisha Keene bought Read's hotel in 1829. Edward Little bought it to stop the sale of liquor, and leased it in 1841 to James F. Davis, who later became owner. He enlarged the house, named it Maine Hotel, and conducted it with great success for 30 years. It was always the stopping place of the stages, and a temperance tavern.^ Since Mr Davis's occupancy there have been several landlords. Elm House was built in 1830 by Josiah Little as a residence. He set out the elms which gave the hotel name, and a fine flower garden surrounded it. In 1836 John A. Briggs bought it, and in 1845 it was made a public house by Joel C. Lane. He was succeeded by several others before William S. Young took possession in 1853. September 1, 1867, W. S. & A. Young, nephews of William S., succeeded him until 1877, then W. S. was proprietor 11 years, L. C. Dunham and then A. B. Latham followed for brief periods. The new 1 James F. Davis was son of Joseph Davis, of Danville. He was a blacksmith at Goff's Corner in 1831, from 1839 to 1841 a merchant in the Thomas Little store. He was one of the earliest Odd Fellows. 606 History of Androscoggin County. Elm House, one of the most convenient hotels in Maine, was opened by its former popular landlords, W. S. & A. Young, August 22, 1891. Increase in Values. — Some idea of the development of Auburn may be given from the increase in the value of land. In 1821 Jacob Read owned ten acres of land between Goff's Corner and Maine Hotel. It was covered with bushes and unproductive, and when a man offered him a horse for " them ten acres " Mr Read thought the offer high enough but did not trade. Mr Read, in 1823, sold James Goff one-half acre including the corner for f 100. About the same time he sold one-half acre fronting Main street to Jonathan Raynes for $100. In 1831 Mr Read bought the lot now occupied by the Y. M. C. A. building for 150, and built the Auburn House. In 1875 the Y. M. C. A. paid $4,500 for the property. The Lewiston Journal in 1876 says this of the rapid rise in value of real estate in Auburn : " Charles Clark states that Edward Little received $6,000 of the Water-Power Company for a large tract of land in Lewiston and Auburn. The land now owned by the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Co. was sold for $40,000. Now the company sells 50 x 90 feet lots for from $500 to $800. 40 years ago all the land between Elm, High, and Court streets was offered for $1,500. Now it is worth $500,000. 28 years ago Kimball & Dingley paid $800 for a 25 x 68 foot lot where the store of Dingley & Brewster stands. Now worth $3,500. 25 years ago a lot on Pleasant street, valued at $2,500 was sold for $300. F. M. Jordan 27 years ago paid $250 for the lot he sold to the Grand Trunk Railway in 1878 for $6,000. Mr Hersey gave $350 26 years ago for the Benjamin Dunn lot, now worth $4,000. Ten years ago Thomas Vosmus paid $250 for a lot on Laurel street, now worth $1,000. Charles Dunn paid $600 in 1862 for his brick-yard. The property is valued at $10,000. N. B. Reynolds asked $800 in 1868 for 7i acres south of the Little Androscoggin property on the river road, now worth $13,000. H. R. Smith gave $600 for 7^ acres next north of Mr Loring, now worth $4,000. Judge Goddard 20 years ago paid $700 for all the land on the hill east of Judge May's. He has sold over $9,000 worth, and has a $2,500 slice left. Charles Ingalls 25 years ago paid $800 for a lot now valued at $3,000. Mr Jordan paid $325 17 years ago for the lot next south, now worth $2,000." These are not isolated cases, but all through the city proper a similar, and, in some cases, a greater increase is shown down to 1891. The railroad reached Auburn in 1848, and the village began to grow rapidly. In 1849 it became a part of Lewiston Falls village. The formation of Andros- coggin county in 1854, the location of the county seat at Auburn, and erection of the county buildings attracted business and professional men. The growth of the village was now assured and a nucleus formed for a great manufacturing and business city. City of Auburn. 607 The business houses in 1851 were: Stoves, hardware, etc., J. D. Davis & Co.; dry goods, groceries, etc., J. H. Roak & Co., Cobb, Bartlett & Co., G. H. Ambrose, B. Hersey, C. H. Rice, Clark & Mudgett; apothecaries, Rowe & Reynolds; blacksmiths, Albert Folsom, Strout & Stinchfleld; books, stationery, etc., McKenney & Hall, A. W. Hall; boots, shoes, etc., J. H. Roak & Co., G. H. Ambrose, Pray & French, Sumner Wood; furniture, Jesse Fuller; carpenters, Moore, John Wilson, Alfred Townsend, John Simpson; carriage-makers, Thayer & Perry, E. L. Townsend, A. W. Allen; civil engineer, W. A. Williams; clothing, G. M. French, Levi Gould; daguerreotypes, Henry Baldwin, Jr; dentist, D. B. Strout; express offices, Longley & Co. (G. W. Foss, agent), Winslow & Co. (A. Town, agent); harnesses, J. P. Longley, Lyman Wood; hats, caps, and furs, Charles H. Rice, Levi Gould, Sumner Wood, G. M. French; iron founders, Nathaniel French & Sons; machinist, J. C. French; marble works, H. R. Smith; masons, Elbridge Coffin, C. W. Kyle, B. Wentworth, Moses Wentworth, S. G. Alden, John Levett; musical instruments, Freeman Newell; painters, Herman Holt, Isaac Haskell, H. V. Daggett, Horace Bradford, Thomas Storah, H. C. Thayer; provisions, F. B. Cobb, James Goff, Jr, Knight & Vickery, Stephen Rowe, Joseph Lufkin; Elm House, J. C. Lane; Maine Hotel, J. F. Davis; Eagle Hotel, W. S. Young; restaurants, Ingalls & Son, Seward Goss, Jones & Hicks; surveyor, Thomas B. Little; tailors, S. A. Niles, C. Tribou, C. W. Whitney; tanners, Rigby & Miller; toll collector, Hanson Cook; watches and jewelry, McKenney & Hall, A. W. Hall; variety stores, R. Dexter, D. Stinson & Co. The G-reat Fire. — August 17, 1855, a fire destroyed the buildings on both sides of Court street from Goff's Corner to Auburn Hall, and on Main street to Maine Hotel. It burned Miller & Randall's tannery, Union Hall, the large brick block of Newell, Haskell & Co., 20 stores, l dwellings, and numerous offices. The losses were: Miller, Randall & Co., 15,000; Barker Brooks, 12,000; F. Newell, |2,600 ; Isaac Haskell, $2,200; N. G. Sturgis, $2,500; Joseph Lufkin, $1,500; Auburn Bank, $400; A. Bailey, $4,000; Hall & Briggs, $300; R. Dexter, $300; P. Dyer, $400; James Goff, Jr, $9,000; Auburn Hall, $200; R. Ingalls & Co., $1,500; Josiah Stone, $700; E. T. Little, $900; A. T. Bean, $2,200 ; Ruf us Penley, $5,000; Wm Penley, $1,500; A.W.Hall, $800; Strout & Woodbury, $500; Josiah Little, $1,400; N. B. Reynolds, $4,500 ; Small & Littlefield,^$750; J. Dingley, Jr, & Co., $9,500; Roak, Packard & Co., $13,000; Sumner Wood, Jr, & Co., $300; John Penley, $800 ; with others making a loss of $75,000, with insurance of $35,000. Auhnrn Village Corporation (chartered March 14, 1850, powers increased April 4, 185(3,) was a successor to the Lewiston Falls village corporation, chartered July 30, 1849, and was organized mainly to provide means for extinguishing fires. It had power to raise money for a night watch and police force, etc., and continued active in maintaining a fire department until 1867. The first officers were: Ambrose Herriman, clerk; Edward T. Little, Nelson Dingley, John R. Merrill, assessors; Philip A. Briggs, treasurer; Charles Clark, chief engineer; S. P. Miller, W. H. Waldron, George L. Drink water, assistant engineers ; Benjamin Dunn, Asa P. Miller, Thomas Littlefield, Andrew C. Pettingill, John R. Merrill, policemen. A fire department had been maintained from October 30, 1849, when "Excelsior Engine Company, No. 2," was formed with 57 members. Jesse S. Lyford^ was the first foreman, G. W. Foss and Orrin B. Morse, assistants. This company did good service for its equipment. iThen a merchant of Auburn; later a mayor of Lewiston and prominent in affairs. 608 History of Androscoggin County. Manufacturing increased steadily during the Civil War and a healthy growth continued with no intermission until the adoption of the city charter. East Auburn was early an important business point. Here a grist-mill was built in 1793 by Samuel Berry (who soon built a saw-mill), and many a bag of corn was brought on the shoulders of the hardy pioneers to be made into meal. Mr Berry was from Cobbossecontee. On the lot south (49) in 1797 William Briggs, with a large family, made his home on the place now owned by Royal J. Bradbury, and he built a grist-mill in 1799. On the hard wood lots of land in this vicinity were in 1798 residing, making quite a community for those days, having a school, taught by Daniel Briggs, Thomas Chadbourne, Elijah Fisher from Taunton on lot 40, Arauna Briggs on lot 59, John Dillingham from Dighton on lot 54, Elijah Record on lots 42 and 43, William Francis on part of lot 9. A Baptist society was formed, and a church built in 1819. The mill privilege attracted settlers and about 1827 a carding mill was built by Zenas Whitman and operated until 18<)0, when it became the furniture factory of Bradford & Conant. In 1859 there were 35 dwellings, several shoe shops, 2 stores, 2 shoe factories, 1 brush factory, 1 carding machine, 1 peg factory, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill, 1 shingle, 1 clapboard, and 1 planing machine. Here have been made also shook, sugar-boxes, staves, bobbins, and shoe-pegs. Earl Blossom built a peg factory in 1846, which was conducted 20 years. The manufacture of brushes was carried on quite extensively, C. White in 1869 making -^10,000 worth. There is now some manufacturing, J. P. Vickery & Co.'s grist-mill, two or three small stores, and a Baptist church. The village is the summer termination of the Lewiston & Auburn horse railroad. The little steamer that plies across the lake has here its eastern landing. A fine grove attracts many visitors and picnic parties in summer. In this part of the town dwells Ira T. Waterman, who has taken more premiums on farm exhibits at the State Fair than any other man in Maine. In 1891 he had 35 exhibits and took 35 premiums. He has a productive farm and a handsome set of buildings. He is of Pilgrim stock and descends from early settlers. (See Minot.) West Auburn is finely situated on an elevated ridge of land on the west side of Lake Auburn. Its location, 750 feet above tide water, gives pure air and a magnificent outlook. To the east stretches Lake Auburn, with its 1,807 acres of water surface, and beyond, a pleasing rural landscape. James Parker, John Nason, John Downing, Israel Bray, Samuel Verrill, and Benjamin Noyes were the first settlers, locating here in 1789. In 1798 most of them gave preference to locations on Taylor Pond, and a colony from Bridgewater, Mass., James Packard, Asaph Howard, John C. Crafts, James Perkins, Asahel Kingsley, and others, were in possession by 1800. Mr Perkins was an iron worker; did blacksmithing, made wrought nails, hoes, shovels, axes, and other implements and tools used by the settlers, and tradition tells that in the War of 1812 his City of Auburn. 609 skill was utilized to make gun-barrels, knives, razors, and tobacco pipes. A flourishing village had grown by 1810, a Congregational church formed, and the East meeting-house built (the frame raised Ma}'- 25, 1805), and here Rev. Jonathan Scott preached and prayed. A post-office was located here in 1833, but a village was not developed until the Minot Shoe Company was established in 1835. At this time there were but four dwellings within a quarter of a mile of the post-office. For over 30 years shoe manufacturing gave life to the village; in one year il20,000 worth were made. The leading manufacturers were C. S. Packard & Co., and James Munroe & Co. The cessation of manu- facturing largely depopulated the village. L. Packard now wholesales wood and lumber, and E. S. Crafts is in tiade. The erection of the commodious Grand View House, combined with the high altitude, pure air and water, and charming diversity of scenery make it an enjoyable summer resort. North Auburn. The original proprietors of the lots of this section, settling here from 1785 to 1795, were David Head, Simeon Caswell, and John Staples. There was not much improvement for some j'^ears, only a small mill erected by Caswell, but in 1802 Isaac Brett purchased this mill and built another. In 1815 he sold to Timothy Bailey. In 1818 there were five dwellings near the mills, one built by Mr Brett, one by Nathan Warren, one by Artemas Warren, one by Chesley Hatch, and another by David Warren and Artemas Brown. In 1820 Nehemiah and his son, Stephen Packard, bought the mill property,^ and in 1825 Joseph S. Sargent built a tannery. The old mail route to the upper towns passed through the village and made it a central location. Oliver Pollard kept a popular stage tavern, and was the first j^ostmaster of Centre Minot post-office, established in 1825. His hotel was later for many years the home of Gen. Eliphalet Packard, and its site was occupied in 1888 by the fine residence of Lucius Packard. Business improved and steady addition was made to the population. Bradford & Conant bought one-third of the water privilege in 1848 and built a machine shop, and furniture factory; in 1851 the grist-mills of S. Packard, the machine shop, the furniture manufactory, and the tannery of S. D. Harris were burned. All were rebuilt except the tannery. In 1859 there were 300 inhabitants, 46 dwellings, 1 hotel, 2 stores, 1 saw-mill, 1 grist-mill, 1 furniture factory employing 12 men, 2 blacksmiths, 1 tailor, 1 milliner and maiitua maker, 2 meeting-houses and several shoe factories. H. M. Bearce & Co. the same year made 25,920 pairs of copper-toed shoes monthly; they also made 200,000 metallic tips monthly. Three other com- panies produced 3,828 pairs of shoes monthly. In 1858 the Universalist and Methodist churches were built. In 1874 North Auburn Co-operative Boot and Shoe Manufacturing Co. was organized with 127,000 capital, and with George Dillingham clerk, Timothy Bailey, J. Q. Edmonds, John E. Ashe, Lucius 1 General Packard, so prominent in Louisiana politics in 1876, was born here. 610 History of Androscoggin County. Packard, Wm H. Briggs, and Wm Brackett directors, and did business for some years. Only a staid, pleasant village — a quiet hamlet for a summer vacation — with two traders of long standing, C. W. Bird and Isaac Osgood, now exists. Its location on Lake Auburn gives splendid opportunities for boating, etc. Lake Auburn Mineral Spring Company lias provided elegant accommodations for summer visitors in the magnificent Lake Auburn Spring House, on the picturesque shores of the lake which possesses characteristics of the famous lochs of Scotland. Stevens Mills. Jacob Stevens (son of Moses, of Turner), of a Gloucester, Mass., family, came in 1789 and settled on lot 97 (500 acres), running west from Merrill hill, with his children, Moses and Parker. He died in 1826, aged 71. His wife, Martha Sawyer, died in 1829, aged 76. His sons built a saw- mill on Taylor brook in 1800, which was operated until about 1860 (clapboard, shingle, and lath machines being added), passing through the hands of Nathan Merrill, George Pierce, and Parsons & Willis. The latter took the mill down and flowed the ground to add to the power of their grist-mill lower down. Moses Stevens built a grist-mill on the same privilege in 1850. Parsons & Willis purchased it about 25 years ago, and used it some time as a carding mill. Moses Stevens married Charlotte Clifford and died in 1871, aged 91. Parker Stevens married Sarah Merrill and died in 1826, aged 41. Children : Seba S. (married a Haskell), Sutton S. (his daughter Melissa married Albert Young, of Auburn), Sarah (married Major Merrill), Jacob, Parker S., Elias M. These all settled here, and a thriving business center, with stores, shops, etc., came into being. Jacob Davis was early in trade, next James GoiT, Jr, and then Enoch Littlefield. Forty-five years ago, out of a school of 104 scholars, 60 were named Stevens. Sutton S. Stevens, born 1811, died aged 57, married (1) Phebe Haskell. Children : Isaiah S. (dec), Lucinda (Mrs Lyseth), Sittton S. She died in 1837, aged 25, and Mr Stevens married (2) Sally A. Haskell. Children: Enos H.; Phebe (Mrs R. W. Merrill); Sarah (Mrs A. R. Little- field); Charles H.; Wendell S.; Augusta A.; Thomas J. (Portland); Edwin L.; Fred M. (California). J«(?o5 /S'^gyg??.? married a Haskell. Children: Simon; James M.;^ Jacob; Everett; Wallace; Anna (Mrs Jenkins). Sutton S. Stevens (the oldest one of the family living) married Fanny Lambert, of Durham. Children: Walter I.; Ralph A.; Anna (Mrs Ulysses Greenlaw). He occupies a farm of 75 acres, containing a part of the old homestead, and is a prosperous farmer and milkman. Charles H. Stevens married Mrs Osgood, has a productive farm, is a Universalist, and, like the Stevenses generally, an uncompromising Democrat. Major Merrill, born April 17, 1810, has lived near Stevens Mills since 1834 ; married Sarah Stevens. Among his children are Stephen S., Samuel P., William T., and George (of Turner). Stephen S. is iHe has served as overseer of the poor three years, and has represented Ward 2 in the city counciL City of Aubuen. 611 the owner of two farms of 100 acres, including the homestead. Among the other representative farmers are A. G. Haskell and his son, Harry L. Hiukell. They have one of the best farms, containing 80 acres, and a valuable milk route. The latter is a prominent Free Mason and has done good service in both branches of the city government. New Auburn, below the Little Androscoggin, was created by the erection of Barker Mill and other operations of the L. A. W. P. Company, which placed building lots on sale. It is rapidly growing. Broad street bridge brings it close to Lewiston, and the Belt line horse-cars give easy access to that city. Of late the French have sought homes in New Auburn, and a French Catholic chapel has been built and a parochial school established by the Dominican Fathers of Lewiston. Sixth street chapel is the home of a prosperous Protest- ant society. A $20,000 public school building is projected. Many buildings are in process of erection and there are several business houses. Burt L. Alden ., grocers, dealers in meats and provisions. No. 2 Third street, is tlie largest establishment. This prosperous house was estab- lished about 20 years ago by Skinner & Merrill, and in 1874 was purchased by Mr Haskell, who is prominently connected with public affairs and manu- facturing, and in 1879 the admission of A. W. Miller made the firm of I. N. Haskell & Co. CHAPTER XXXV. City op Aubuex. — Its Growth and Prosperity — Extracts from Official Reports, etc.— Statistics — Action iu the Rebeiliou —Civil List. THE charter for the City of Auburn was adopted February 22, 1869, and March 4 the selectmen, in compliance with the act of incorporation, appointed these wardens: G. D. Holmes ward one, David T. French ward two, James O. Foss ward three, Richard Dresser ward four, Isaac Pvounds ward five. March 8 the first city election was held, and March 22 the city govern- ment was organized. The ward limits have remained as defined by the selectmen in 1869. The work was well done and the wards had about equal population. Some wards have lost since then, others have largely gained, so that the population is unequally distributed in the present limits of the wards, and by an act of the last legislature the city is empowered to re-adjust their (jl2 History of Androscoggin County. lines. The population in 1890 was : Ward one, 883 ; ward two, 3,430 ; ward three, 1,748; ward four, 3,909; ward five, 1,285 — 11,250. From the selectmen's report of March 1, 1868, we learn the condition of the town. The valuation on April 1, 1807, was 11,679,082, the number of polls 1,361, on which was assessed, in 1867, taxes of 139,423.26. The resources were 1120,970.68, the expenses $108,983.16. The liabilities were : bonds of funded debt $111,800, other bonds of Auburn $4,475, Danville bonds, etc. $8,005, and incidentals, making a total of $124,979.49. There was due the town $12,809.23, and the amount required to meet debt and interest was $17,724.49. To meet these the selectmen recommended a tax of $9,000, and estimate appropriations as follows: schools $6,000, poor and insane $2,100, current expenses $2,500, finishing road near poor farm $500, roads and bridges $7,000, discounts $1,200; total $28,300. The town paid for gas for Auburn Hall $100.92, for the bridge $105.73, and this is all we hear of public lighting. Mayor Littlefield in his address, March 22, 1869, gives the resources from orders, March 1, 1868, to March 20, 1869, as $53,262.70, deducting the selectmen's orders, $45,157.87, there remained $8,104.83, of which $6,000 was available. The City of Auburn brought much labor to its officials in the establishment and successful conduct of the various departments. The origin of the high standing of the morals of the city may perhaps be traced to this expression of the mayor, which voiced the mind of the community. The cause of nearly all the crimes committed in our state may be traced to the use of intoxicating liquors, and nearly all the broils and disturbances which occur in our streets result from the same cause. I therefore trust you will make such provision for the enforcement of the law for the suppression of drinking houses and tippling-houses as shall bring to justice all who will persist in violating the law. You cannot be too careful in the selection of your constables. Another thing is noticeable in the mayor's address, characteristic of Auburn's officials to the present: "It will be my duty to see that the laws of the state, and such by-laws and ordinances as you shall ordain, be faithfully and justly executed and enforced, and I certainly shall not shrink from my duty." Appropriations, 1869. — For abatements, $l,Oi)0; discounts, $1,500; books, etc., printing, .f;}()0; fire department, night watch, and police, $800; salaries, $2,500; con- tingent fund, $1,000; schools, $10,000; school-houses, $1,800; roads, bridges, and side- walks, $10,000; new roads, $1,000; laud damages for roads, $675; poor, $2,500; for debt, $4,100; interest, $7,,500; state tax, $8, .580.90; county tax, $3,271.74. March 31, 1869. All school districts in the city limits were consolidated. April 6 354 votes were cast for annexing Auburn to Lewiston to 374 against. May 14 ten street lamps were ordered erected. May 21 night police to be appointed. In June the building of school-houses in Fossville, Woodman, City of Auburn. 613 Verrill, Bradbury and Plains, Trap, Brick school-house, Dillingham Hill, and Danville Corner sections was under discussion, and in July the issue of city bonds for $15,000 to purchase lots and build school-houses in North Auburn, Briggs, Woodman, and Danville Corner sections was authorized. Joshua L. Cham- berlain received 443, Franklin Smith 353, Nathan G. Hichborn 186 votes for governor. An order was passed, October 7, directing the building of a school-house at Danville Corner and one at Danville Junction. The salaries paid this year were: mayor, $200; auditor, !$50 ; clerk, '$150; treasurer, $200; clerk of common council, $40 ; assessors, $250; overseers of the poor, $100; street commissioner, $800 ; superintending school committee, $250. In October were great freshets with very high water in the rivers. February 28, 1870, the financial standing of the city was flattering. Receipts for the year previous $92,748.98, expenditures $82,587.82; liabilities $127,- 449.10, resources $32,846.96. The debt has been reduced $15,795.65. Roads tell much of the prosperity of a town or city, and as indicative of the "push" and vigor of the city we extract from this year's report of O. D. Bailey, street commissioner : I found the roads and bridges tbroiighout the city in a very bad condition. I bave put tbe road from tbe village to Minot line in perfect repair, baving made at least five miles entirely new. I bave also put tbe Vickery bill on the river road in good repair. I bave made the road from the ceaietery to Little's gravel-pit entirely new, and graded and widened Main street very much. Also a large job on Academy and Spring streets. I bave graded and filled up the streets at North Auburn at quite a large expense, and made large repairs on tbe roads from tbe village by West to North Auburn and to East Auburn and on tbe river road. He expended $12,722.90. The chief engineer reports $1,090.88 expended in the fire department. He says, " We very much need another engine and more reservoirs." Six new school-houses — a four-roomed brick house on Pine street, grammar and primary houses at North Auburn, and one each at Dan- ville Corner, Danville Junction, and Woodman's — have been built this year, and extensive repairs made on "the old house at West Auburn, the grammar school-house on School street, and primary brick building on Academy street." The rapid growth of the city demands more accommodations for scholars. There have been sustained one high school of sixty scholars for 22 weeks, and 34 grammar, intermediate, primary, and rural schools, with an average of 27 weeks to each school. February 7, 1870, the citizens voted on an act to annex Auburn to Lewiston. The vote was 373 in favor and 530 against. March 11 Court street bridge injured by an ice freshet. The railroad depot burned in May. July 14 a cyclonic wind did damage in various parts of the town. The Auburn Aqueduct Company build reservoirs on Golf's hill, and in June introduce water into the city and place the stone fountain on Main street. In October hand and steam fire engines were purchased and fire company 614 History of Androscoggin County. authorized. October 20 a severe shock of earthquake lasting from 30 to 60 seconds caused much excitement ; Edward Little High School, Ara Cushraan's factory, and other high buildings vibrated; door bells rung in various houses and a heavy rumbling noise was heard. November 12 -16,500 was appropriated to build an engine house and stable. The public schools are graded. Mayor Littlefield, on taking office March 1, 1871, says : " We have a funded debt of $101,450, payable in 12 annual installments; temporary loans yet unpaid, $20,618.83 ; $3,500 on the new engine house ; making the indebtedness of the city $125,568.83. Deducting available resources we have a debt of $114,768.83. ... 11 new school-houses containing 15 rooms have been built since the organization of the city government. The high school is in a flourish- ing condition, and has become one of the indispensable institutions of the city. . . . The bridge over the Androscoggin is entirely inadequate to the wants of the public, and in my judgment unsafe. . . . The fire department has been much improved, and, as a whole, the department is in perfect condition. A new engine house has been built. $7,413 has been paid for new steam fire engine and apparatus. The night watch and police have been paid $995.32. Two reservoirs have been built for engine supjjlies, one at the corner of High and Acadeni}^ streets, the other on Elm street near the railroad. . . . The number of scholars is 1,982, and the amount paid teachers the past year $10,578.63." By an amendment of the charter the city council is given authority over town ways and streets and to establish the grade of roads or streets. Section 1 is amended and provides for the establishment of the police court and the appointment of a judge. April 18, 1871, Thomas Littlefield, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr, O. B. Morse, Josiah Penley, and Allison Smith were appointed to act for Auburn in building Court street bridge, which was completed this year. The mayor's address and officers' reports February 29, 1872, succinctly show the city's condition and progress. Mayor Littlefield, who is also street commissioner, speaks of the manufacturing industries as 3'et in their infancy, and believes in a liberal policy toward them. He says the cash resources for the year have been $111,957.46, and the expenditures $110,308.18. We have a funded debt of $133,025 and a temporary debt of $10,800, making the total indebtedness $143,825. Deducting the available resources, $14,438.39, the debt is $129,386.61. The taxes have paid the current expenses and would -have reduced the debt $5,210.75 had not $15,908.35 been paid for building the new bridge and $3,920 to repair injuries upon the highways. . . . Koak Block has been built and $5,000 paid to the builders for building a street "from the street south of C. F. Ligalls's store to the street north of Little and Haskell's block on Main street." A good system of sewerage is commenced, at a cost of $1,103.98, a large sewer made from the center of Main street to the river. The bridge between Auburn and Lewiston has been built at a cost City of Auburn. 615 of about f40,000. The mayor commends the construction of the Lewiston and Auburn railroad. He expresses what has been and still is the spirit of the leading men of Auburn : "I deem it the duty of this city to seize upon and improve every opportunity to foster any enterprise that will invite to our midst capital and labor." Among the property owned by the city and which is valued at •^69,650 appear poor farm, etc. $5,000, engine lot and house |5,000, lot and armory -1800, Auburn Hall, etc. -120,000, fire engines, etc. $7,000, five school-houses "in the village" $15,000, 21 school-houses "outside the village" $10,500. The stone curbing, etc., for the brick sidewalk in front of the court- house lot have been put in place, and Pleasant, Court, and Spring streets graded and improved. The number of scholars is 2,025, and $13,670.88 was expended for schools. City Mills at Danville Junction were burned in January, 1872. April 11 on the question, "Shall the City of Auburn subscribe to the capital stock of the Lewiston and Auburn Railroad Compau}' to an amount not exceeding 745 shares of the par value of $100 per share, and issue bonds, etc.?" 843 votes were cast in favor and 202 against. The year ending February 28, 1873, presents this financial exhibit at its close: Receipts $102,255.46, amounts paid out $100,623.82. The city's liabilities are $146,500. (Auburn has subscribed $74,400 to the Lewiston and Auburn lailroad, and the first assessment, $14,900, is due and included in the liabilities.) The net liabilities are $127,450.34, of which $22,200 become due within a year. Roads and streets are a great ex[)ense. Mayor Littlefield recommends building the county road to East Auburn, alludes to the county road located in 1870 from Lewiston to Danville, which involved the building of another bridge across the Androscoggin, and asks for the adoption of a general plan for sewerage. March 29, 1873, the issue of the railroad bonds was ordered. July 9, $8,000 was appropriated for sewers on Main and Court streets, $22,500 for building a school-house on Spring and School streets. August 12 it was decided to purchase a new poor farm or rebuild the buildings on the old one. The 50-horse-power engine at the north end of Roak Block was started first on September 6th, and the machinery of Barker Mill September 8th. March 1, 1874, the net indebtedness of the city was $214,159.69. The treasurer's receipts for the year were $186,030.42; his expenditures $177,885.45 ; $16,136.89 were for schools, $8,904.70 for sewers on Main and Court streets, $15,391.07 for roads, and $7,500 for a new poor farm, etc. The railroad bonds have been sold, 95 per cent, of the amount realized, and the subscription paid in full. Broad street has been opened, the county road to East Auburn, and a road to the buildings of the Auburn Foundry and Manufacturing Company. July 26, 1873, the farm buildings on the city farm were struck by lightning and burned, with furniture, tools, hay, and provisions, and the Henry Stetson farm, with more convenient buildings have been purchased. The proposition made 616 History of Androscoggin County. concerning the transfer of the Edward Little Institute and grounds was accepted. The improvement of the water-power of the Little Androscoggin river has rapidly increased the growth of the territory adjacent thereto, and the Little Androscoggin Water-Power Company conveyed to the city a lot on which a school-house of two stories has been erected. January 3 Enoch Littlefield, Esq., for many years the landlord of the stage house at Littlefield's Corner, died. He was a very large man in size and an extensive business operator. April 24 an order was passed to build that portion of the lower bridge across the Androscoggin within the limits of Auburn, and $20,000 was appropriated. The bridge was built in accordance with this action. Lewiston and Auburn railroad was opened in July. There is great activity in sale of lots and in building. Sixth street chapel was built this season. March 1, 1875. The city has property valued at $120,625, including Academy park, $10,000, and new grammar school-house, etc., $32,000 acquired the last year. The bonded debt is $248,000, temporary debt $28,363, with resources of $28,065.31. The new (Broad street) bridge has cost the city about $25,000. There are now ten reservoirs for the fire department, and a fire police has been established. The last census showed 2,260 scholars in the city, and $17,609.47 have been paid for schools during the year. Samuel Stinchfield, selectman of Danville for many years, died January 28, aged 81. North and West Auburn Cheese Company was organized March 18. May 1, National Shoe and Leather Bank commenced business. Mount Auburn cemetery laid out this year. March 1, 1876. The city debt has been reduced $5,800, although the taxes were less. There are now 31 street lamps lighted by gasoline. May 10 an issue of 5% bonds for $33,000 was ordered to pay the floating debt. March 1, 1877. The net liabilities of the city are $223,654.76, a decrease during the year of $23,599.81. The fire department asks for telegraph fire- alarm and a hook and ladder truck, and states that in addition to the steam fire engine and hand engine, a chemical engine is located at each of these points: North Auburn, West Auburn, East Auburn. Six hydrants have been located. October 11 the statue of Hon. Edward Little was placed in Edward Little High School park with appropriate ceremonies. March 1, 1878. The net liabilities are $228,793.50, an increase of $5,896.63, accounted for by the cost of two iron bridges, one over the Little Androscoggin river $4,278.47, and the Littlefield bridge $2,361.57. Paving Court street from the bridge to the court house and other road improvements bring the expenditure in this department to $21,353.95. The Edward Little High School building is in construction of brick at a cost of nearly $15,000. The expense of schools for the year was $15,542.05. A second trial of votes for election of mayor occurred March 11, 1878, when Mayor Smith (Republican) was chosen by 11 majority. March 16 James Peables, a soldier in the War of 1812, died. City of Auburn. 617 Goff Block was built this year, and a summer hotel at Lake Auburn com- menced. The city building on Court street, Rolfe & Mitchell's store, and several dwellings were burned December 7; loss $25,000. Arrangements were made this year with Auburn Aqueduct Company to lay water pipes and furnish water along Pleasant street from Court to Elm street, through Elm to Main, and through Main to Laurel, and to attach six hydrants for fire purposes. March 1, 1879. During the past year $7,171.26 were paid for finishing the high school building, etc., $2,000 for reservoirs and hydrants, $901.64 for enlarging house on poor farm, $1,150.45 for sewers, $1,481.16 for new roads, and $3,000 was received for insurance. The city debt is reduced to $218,751.47. In 1879 water pipes were laid for fire service, and Lake Auburn water introduced to the city. A brick engine house of two stories was built on Court and Spring streets. A new school-house was erected in Bunker Hill district. An iron bridge of 100 feet span thrown over Little Androscoggin river below the foundry. Auburn Aqueduct Company was authorized to extend a 12-inch pipe to Lake Auburn. A bell weighing 1,700 pounds was raised in the Court Street Free Baptist church April 29. Maine Congrega- tional State Conference and Universalist State Convention held their annual meetings here in June. Auburn Mineral Spring Company was organized. A great improvement was made in the Maine Central station. March 1, 1880. The financial condition is summed up by the mayor thus: Cash resources February 29, 1880, $122,828.39. The expenditures were $108,508.51; highways $11,762.11, street lights $997.02, schools $13,739.48, high school $3,426.02, fire department $1,375.13, printing $284.03, contingent expenses $5,151.66, night watch and police $2,011.64, new school-house $1,959.32, repairs $4,138.52, poor $2,969.65, new roads $6,506.42, sewers $550.38, building and furnishing engine house $6,786.67, paving Main street $2,358.03, discounts $2,933.40, abatements $1,899.53, salaries $3,465, payment of bonds $21,100, interest $15,094.50, leaving in treasury $14,319.88. The bonded debt is $257,400, the available resources $41,319.88, which leaves the indebtedness $216,232.66, a reduction during the j-ear of $2,515.85. The school-house was built near Barker mill, a bridge over Royal river near Dan- ville Junction, a road to Danville Junction, one from West Auburn to the Lake Auburn House, and work begun on the West Minot road. March 1, 1881. The bonded debt is $250,500, reduced the last year $6,900. The liabilities above cash resources are $209,637.12, $6,598.50 less than a year ago, and the city owns property valued at $221,830. Hydrants have been placed on Turner street, and an engine house built at North Auburn. Auburn Foundry was burned February 26. March 1, 1882. The assessors' valuation is $5,211,987, the number of polls 2,375, state tax $22,970.70, county tax $6,872.24, municipal taxes $73,957.13, total assessment $103,800.07. The city debt is $242,700; the 618 History of Androscoggin County. liabilities above cash resources 1201,740.84, $7,896.28 less than a year before. The flourishing condition of the city is shown in the sale of the 4% bonds issued to pay bonds maturing at 4% premium. Highland avenue. Fourth, Seventh, Eighth, Blake, Denison, and Madison streets have been located, and sewers laid in High, Turner, and Union streets, and Main street bridge paved and repaired. A reservoir has been built on Goff hill, steam-heating apparatus placed in the high school building, and a school-house built at Young's Corner. March 1, 1883. The city debt (reduced during the municipal year $9,700) is $233,500, and the liabilities above cash resources are $203,856.19. $15,000 of the 4% bonds issued and sold at a premium of 3.83%. The valuation is $5,245,641, polls 2,304, state tax $22,970.70, county tax $6,872.24, city taxes $82,162.88, total assessment $112,005.82. A contract has been made with Auburn Aqueduct Company for water for fire purposes, and an electric fire alarm system introduced, a gravel-pit purchased for $2,000, and a soldiers' monument erected at a cost of $5,000. The Conant road from Broad street to the Hackett road has been opened, Charles street located from Highland avenue to Goff street, and Pulsifer street from Second to Sixth street; sewers laid in Summer, Manley, Goff, Elm, Broad, and Sixth streets; Turner street from Court to Hampshire paved with granite blocks. The expense for lighting streets has been $1,245.57. The last report shows 3,055 school population, of whom 1,551 attend school. March 1, 1884. Mayor Sturgis says the bonded debt is $234,000 ; $114,000 bears 6% interest and becomes due between March 1, 1884, and March 1, 1892, $23,500 becoming due in 1884. $65,000 bears 5% interest and becomes pay- able between March 1, 1887, and March 1, 1898; $55,000 bears 4% interest and falls due between March 1, 1900, and March 1, 1903. The total indebted- ness is $240,000, the net liabilities are $214,357.56. During the year $12,117.58 was paid to the Auburn Aqueduct Company for the extension of water pipes for fire service. Thirty hj^drants have been set during the year at an expense of $2,933.24, and $1,000 was paid to the Lewiston & Auburn Horse Railroad Company to compensate it for laying the track to East Auburn outside of the ditch of the public road. These unusual expenses — $16,050.82 — have increased the municipal indebtedness over that of last year $10,501.25. Western avenue has been opened from Minot road to Merrill hill, and Northern avenue from Horace Goff's to the river road. Extensive improvements have been made on High street, Broad street hill, and on road to West Auburn. January 15, 1884, Auburn's first electric light was placed in position. Auburn Aqueduct Company increases its capital to $250,000. Dr M. B. Preble died in January, in Colorado. March 1, 1885. The bonded debt is $234,000, and net liabilities $206,866.48. The " Spring road " has been made during the year from the Bird place to Charles Holbrook's — three miles. High school building has been seriously City of Auburn. 619 damaged by fire. The growth of the city and its development in every direction cause all departments of the government earnest work and present important problems for solution. June, 1885, J. B. Jones died. He was an active local politician and one of the prime movers in building the Andros- coggin Railroad. March 1, 1886. The net liabilities of Auburn are $213,825.13. The new high school building has been completed, and equals any school building in a city of this size in the state. The street lights have cost !iil,571.26. The children of school age number 2,320. In February, 1886, a storm blockade occurred on the Maine Central Railroad, which lasted three days. Lake Grove horse railroad opened to travel. The Lewiston Journal says : " Not less than 100 houses were built in Auburn in 1886, and no less than 15 new manufact- uring concerns organized, including corn-canning factories, hosiery mill, shovel-handle factory, toothpick factory, new grist-mill, box factor}^ art publishing company, and minor industries." March 1, 1887. The bonded debt is !t!227,000 ; the Lewiston and Auburn railroad bonds have been paid, and Auburn receives an annual rental of S4,500 from the Grand Trunk Railway Company. During the past year the city debt has been reduced $4,713.07. Main street has been paved with granite blocks between Elm and Academy streets. A board of trade was established. Par- sons's steam grist-mill was burned in March, loss $30,000. The houses were numbered this year, and the first postal delivery by carriers was made in July. Oak Hill cemetery was enlarged and improved. Auburn Drug & Chemical Company was incorporated. Burnham & Morrill purchased the Auburn stables of the Horse Railroad Company and transformed them into a canning factory. March 1, 1888. The bonded debt is $224,000. The net liabilities are $204,538.52, a reduction of $4,573.94 in the fiscal year. 29 electric lights have taken the place of street lamps. A loan and building association organized this year. The Letcisfon Journal in its annual review of 1888 says these truthful words : " It has been a busy year in Auburn. That much goes without saying. The smart and active city has done more than this ; more than simply keep busy. It has made apparent to the world the fact that it is growing. When this is made apparent, nothing can stop the appreciation of property, business, landed estates, stock in local concerns, value of manufactured products, extent of business streets, and general spread of the business of the city. In the past year Auburn has felt more than ever the spirit of growth, and the spirit has been made manifest in the rapid development, not only of the shoe business, but of all others. In building the city has developed quite rapidly. One fine new brick block has been practically completed on Main street, while two of the finest shoe factories in Maine or in New England have been built upon new laud, developing a new colony of manufacture and creating in a narrow limit one of the most remarkable aggregations of shoe manufacture to be found 620 History of Androscoggin County. in the country. The homes that have sprung up in that city of homes are many and beautiful. Nearly a hundred houses have been built there the past year of 1888. The city has developed two flourishing companies for electric light and power, has developed two or three new shoe concerns and a variety of miscellaneous manufactures.*' March 1, 1889. The city has completed twenty years of existence, and is in the midst of a healthy progress. The question of taxation and its reduc- tion is a vital one, and a large space of the mayor's address is devoted to it. Mayor Savage also gives the indebtedness, expenditures, and permanent im- provements of the city during the past year. We quote : The indebtedness of the city February 28, 1889, was as follows: In the year ending March 1, 1890, $J2,0U0; iu that ending March 1, 1891, $10,000; in that ending March 1, 1892, $13,000. Bonds bearing 5 per cent, interest now overdue $1,500; maturing in the year ending March 1, 1890, $5,000; in the year ending March 1, 1891, $3,000; in that ending March 1, 1892, $4,300; in that ending March 1, 1893, $7,200; in that ending March 1, 1894, $16,000; in that ending March 1, 1895, $14,500; iu the year ending March 1, 1898, $5,000. Bonds bearing 4 per cent, interest: maturing in the year ending March 1, 1899, $10,000; iu the year ending March 1, 1902, $15,000; in that ending March 1, 1903, $15,000; iu that ending March I, 1904, .$25,000; in the year ending March 1, 1905, $23,500; by March 1, 1906, $15,000; by March 1, 1907, $18,000; by March 1, 1908, $10,000. Total amount of funded indebtedness $223,000. Resources: Cash in treasury, $557.40; note of Edward Slattery, $6S ; balance due on taxes, $18,600— $19,225.40. Deducting available resources, the municipal indebtedness remains $203,774.60. In order to show the financial condition of the city in a proper manner, I think there should be deducted from this balance, at least the face value of the stock owned by the city in the Lewiston and Auburn Railroad, which is $75,000. This stock differs iu many respects from ordinary municipal property. It is not devoted to municipal uses. It produces a stated revenue to the city. We receive annually on account of it, $4,500 iu cash from the Grand Trunk Railway. It has the features of a sinking fund. It is more than an offset to $75,000 of our funded indebtedness, because we receive 6 per cent, upon it, while we are paying only 4 and 5 per cent, on nearly the whole of our debt. Deducting this $75,000 we have $128,774.60, which is the real net indebtedness of the city. In addition to the items already mentioned, there was expended last year for repairs upon highways, $15,844.26; for high school, $5,013.46; for schools, $21,621.78; for support of poor, $5,488.08, of which $1,724.67 was expended for steam heating apparatus at the poor farm; for fire department, $2,218.46; for police department, $2,420.33; for street lights, $2,241.70; for gravel-pit, $1,000; for interest, $10,505.80; for salaries, $4,018; for repairs on school-houses, $734.54; for park, $184.43; and for contingent expenses, $8,090.60. As most of the work in the nature of permanent improvements has been done under the direction of the street commissioner I think it proper that I should give you au account of the more important work of last year as shown by his report. The Maine Central Railroad widened its Turner street bridge to the great advantage of all our citizens in Perry ville and beyond. Bank walls were put in and Turner street widened and filled at an expense of $1,518.58. There was expended for walls and filling on Winter street, $942.58; on French street, $425.85; for removing ledge on Second street, $157.50; on James street, $481.25. 2,513 feet of curbing have been set at an expense of $2,238.47; and 1,460 feet of flagging at an expense of $793.83. There were laid on Court street 1,212 yards of paving at an expense of $2,356.85, less the cost of 1,083 City of Auburn. 621 paviug blocks left over. There was expended $529.30 for blasting water trenches on Lake street and Highland avenue. The Poland Spring road was completed at an expense of $2,153.04; the Calvin Libby road was built, costing $750.25; and there was laid out on Second avenue $425.50. Sewers were built as follows : 1,249 feet on Winter street; 200 feet on Troy street; 200 feet on School street; and 450 feet on Cook street. There were put in 43 catch basins. The whole expense was $2,927.88. There was received $570 in sewer permits. I congratulate the citizens of the city that a daily paper has been estab- lished here. A paper which is devoted to the interests of Auburn above all other places cannot fail to be of great service to this community. I must not omit to refer to the recent arrangement entered into by the city and the Franklin Company, whereby all that section of the city north of Court street and east of Turner street, now owned by the Franklin Company, will in the immediate future be opened for business purposes. The need of more room has been felt for a long time, and I believe this addition of "work room," almost in the heart of the city, will do much to promote its growth and wealth. The city owns property valued at $217,590. Among the items are 175,000 in railroad stock; high school building and park |30,000; Auburn Hall, etc., '120,000; grammar school-house, lot, etc., 125,000; 24 school-houses in the country, -$11,000; 6 in the city proper, $12,000; poor farm, stock, etc., $12,000 ; steam fire engine, hose, etc., $5,000 ; engine houses and lots, $9,000. March 1, 1890. In his address Mayor Savage says: "The municipal year just closed has been a prosperous one for the city in nearly every particular. We have been visited by neither pestilence nor misfortune ; general good health has prevailed ; our laboring men have been well employed, and ready markets have been had for those things which we grow upon our farms and manufacture in our shops. New industries have come among us, and new fields for investment have been found for local capital which had not before that time been employed in business." The city indebtedness has been decreased during the last year $11,927.30, leaving the net bonded liabilities, $191,847.30. The city has now 7^ miles of sewers. The sewer on Hampshire street was rebuilt at an expense of $7,027.88 ; sewers were built on Minot avenue and Washington street, and an outlet made for them by laying a sewer from Minot avenue to Little Androscoggin river; 6,594 feet were laid in all at an expense of $11,998.14. Washington street extension to Court street was opened and built at a cost of $943.59, Knight street at a cost of $292.94, and improve- ments on Second avenue costing $838.82. The city laid 980 feet of curbing for sidewalks, 784 feet of flagging, built a stone culvert under Goff street extension, and much improved Western Promenade. The city now contains 232 miles of streets and roads ; 45 miles of sidewalks (2f miles being of brick). The receipts of the post-office for the quarter ending December 31 were $4,154.28. March 15,1891. Mayor Savage says in his inaugural address: "It has been the aim of Auburn city governments in times gone b}^ to provide not only for the needs of the city for the time being, but by a wise foresight to 622 History of Androscoggin County. anticipate its future necessities, and b}^ the judicious expenditure of money in public and permanent improvements, to enable our beloved city to keep pace with municipal progress elsewhere, and invite men of ability and men of means to make their residence among us. In this our city has been successful. So far as those elements go which tend to permanent development and solid pros- perity Auburn is to-day beyond all others the growing city of the state of Maine ; and it is with pride that we look back to the development accomplished by our citizens in the last twenty years." From this address we take the following appropriations, receipts, and expenditures for 1890: Appropriations. Total Receipts. Expenditures. Overdrawn. State tax. $14,046 %1 $14,046 67 $14,046 67 County tax, 7,853 98 7,853 98 7,853 98 Highways, 15,000 00 15,176 75 18,852 95 $3,676 20 Contingent, 4,000 00 14,286 42 17,796 04 3,489 59 Schools, 16,500 00 22,722 01 21,725 05 High school. 4,000 00 4,530 00 4,615 98 85 98 Fire department, 4,500 00 4,500 00 4,589 39 85 39 Police, 2,500 00 2,508 00 2,633 64 125 64 Street lights. 3,000 00 3,000 00 2,964 78 Poor, 4,150 00 5,110 06 5,438 38 328 32 Park, 150 00 158 00 228 29 70 29 New school-houses, 2,500 00 2,500 00 3,147 50 647 50 Sewers, 3,. 500 00 4,530 30 4,220 06 Permanent improvements, 4,000 00 4,000 00 5,.308 69 1,308 69 New roads, 1,000 00 1 ,000 00 1,412 44 412 44 City debt, 23,000 00 23,000 00 Interest account, 10,000 00 10,000 00 9,870 29 Paving, 7,000 00 7,000 00 6,400 11 Repair on school-houses, 600 00 600 00 480 21 Gravel-pit, 4,500 00 6,900 00 4,500 00 Salaries, 2,765 00 2,765 00 2,765 00 Abatements, 1,500 00 1,500 00 2,065 18 565 18 Discount on taxes. 4,000 00 4,000 00 4,339 15 $168,349 77 439 15 $117,065 65 $161,706 92 $11,234 37 Total balance, $4, 591. .52. Net amount overdr; xwn is $6,642,85. The highway appropriation was overdrawn by reason of unforeseen expendi- tures. Owing to unusually heavy snow-storms the expenses of the street department in December, 1890, and January and February, 1891, were |5,200, instead of the 13,000 usually adequate. New railings were built by the side of the road in many places at an expense of -11,520.30. Goff and Hampshire streets and Highland avenue had $410.80 of labor done ; ledge work at East Auburn cost -1175.88, and Sixth street grading cost -1157.60. All these were charged to highway appropriations. After the appropriations had been made the city council voted to build a bridge upon the Dennison street extension, at City of Auburn. 623 the location which had been accepted by the city council for the year 1889, and to charge the expense of the same to the appropriation for contingent expenses. The entire cost of this bridge, including masonry, filling, etc., was -17,474.44. This bridge fills a long-felt public want, and the large use of it made by our citizens from the day it was opened has proved the wisdom of those who urged us to undertake and complete the work. The bridge is iron, 300 feet long, with a roadway 24 feet wide, and five-foot sidewalks on either side. There are six spans, 50 feet apart, each having three columns. During the year sewers have been constructed upon Summer, Troy, School, Broad, Seventh, Newbury, Washington, Goff, and Charles streets, in all 3,255 feet, at an expense of i3,872.09. Under the sewer act, adopted by the city council in 1889, munic- ipal officers for the last year assessed sewer benefits upon various lots and parcels of land, to the amount of $1,213.25. There was charged to the appro- priation for permanent improvements $2,131.90 for bank wall and filling on Minot avenue; $226.37 for bank wall and filling on Western Promenade; and $468.30 for bank wall and filling on Washington street. The city set 2,800 feet of curbing for sidewalks, at a cost of $1,930, and laid 700 feet of flagging, at a cost of $552.12. Court street was paved from Spring street to Union street, at an expense of $6,400.11. This is a very valuable addition to the paving in Auburn streets and the Maine Central Railroad has paved a large portion of the station grounds. A handsome school building was built on Auburn Heights. Various industries have been either established or are being discussed, and Auburn socially has been wide-awake. A public library fund of over $10,000 has been raised and a lot donated by the Franklin Company for a new library building. Streets have been opened, and the general growth of the city has been healthy and unforced. Indebtedness of Auburn, February 28, 1891. — For outstanding bonds bearing interest at six per cent, due as follows: In the year ending March 1, 1892, $1 .'3,000. Bonds bearing interest at five per cent, due as follows: 1892, $4,300; 1893, $7,200; 1894, $16,000; 1895, $14,500; 1698, $5,000. Bonds bearing interest at four per cent, due as follows: 1899, $10,000; 1902, $15,000: 190.3, $15,000; 1904, $25,000; 1905, $23,.500; 1906, $15,000; 1907, $18,000; 1908, $10,000; 1909, $14,000; 1910, $13,000. Total funded indebtedness, .$218,- 500. Besoiirces — Uncollected taxes, 1889, 1890, $22,139.28; sewer assessments unpaid, $1,658.25; Slattery note, $6S; casb in treasury, $1,084.70; total, $24,950.23. Balance municipal indebtedness after deducting available resources, $193,549.77; balance muni- cipal indebtedness February 28, 1890, $191,847.30. Action in the ReheUion. — April 27, 1861, a committee was chosen to provide for soldiers' families, and voted to raise $5,000 for a fund. This committee was continued until the close of the war, various persons giving their services. April 5, 1862, voted to hire $1,500 as a relief fund. July 21 voted to pay $100 to each volunteer accepted on the quota of 45 men required under the call for 300,000 men, and the selectmen were authorized to borrow this money. 624 History of Androscoggin County. August 22 voted to pay ilOO to each volunteer accepted before September 3, on the quota of 64 men under the Last call of 300,000 men. September 1 voted to raise $50 by subscription for each man who shall enlist to fill the quota. This was annulled two days later, and the town voted to pay -150 in addition to the $100 previously voted. November 22 voted |!l,000 more for family relief fund for three years' men. March 9, 1863, voted |2,000 for soldiers' families. July 29 voted to pay each drafted man serving himself or by substitute 18.33 per month while in service. November 9 voted to offer a bounty of |200 to each volunteer to fill the quota under the call of October, 1863. December 8 appropriated $6,000 to promote enlistments. August 20, 1864, voted to advance and pay the $300 authorized by the state, and August 29 to pay $200 to each man enlisting or furnishing substitute before September 5. December 10 voted to pay bounties discretionary with the selectmen, and to bond the town for $5,000 for this purpose. March 4, 1865, voted to raise $8,000 to enable the town to fill its quota, and March 13 to raise $4,000 for support of soldiers' families. April 12 voted to raise by loan $5,000 to defray the expense of filling the present quota. March 12, 1866, the selectmen and treasurer are authorized to borrow $1,000 to pay state aid to soldiers' families. Auburn furnished 434 men for the army and seven for the navy. 15 were drafted, of whom 4 entered the service, 4 provided substitutes, and 7 paid $300 commutation. The town i)aid $62,365 in soldiers' bounties and $2,376.91 in other war expenses. Civil List. — Toion of Auburn. 1842 — Elislia Stetson, Daniel Briggs, Stephen Packard, selectmen; Thomas B. Little, clerk. 1843 — Enoch Littlefield, George Ricker, Jr, Thomas J. Howard, selectmen; Thomas B. Little, clerk. 1844 — Enoch Littlefield, Thomas J. Howard, Charles Briggs, selectmen; Thomas Littlefield, clerk. 1845, 184G — Nathaniel Small, Harvey Dillingham, John Downing, Jr, selectmen; Thomas Littlefield, clerk. 1847 — Nathaniel Small, Thomas J. Howard, Harvey Dilling- ham, selectmen; Thomas Littlefield, clerk. 1848 — Thomas J. Howard, Daniel Briggs, William Banks, selectmen; Thomas Littlefield, clerk. 1840, 1850 — Timothy Bailey, Hiram C. Briggs, David Strout, selectmen; John C. Briggs, clerk. 1851 — Daniel Briggs, Rufns Penley, Timothy Bailey, selectmen; Philip A. Briggs, clerk. 1852 — Daniel Briggs, William S. Young, George Ricker, Jr, selectmen; Philip A. Briggs, clerk. 1853 — Thomas Littlefield, Thomas J. Howard, James S. Nash, selectmen; Philip A. Briggs, clerk. 1854 — Thomas Littlefield, Thomas J.Howard, James S.Nash, selectmen; John C. Briggs, clerk. 1855 — Jeremiah Dingley, Hiram C. Briggs, James S. Nash, selectmen; Philip A. Briggs, clerk. 1856, 1857— Thomas Littlefield, Hiram C. Briggs, John R. Merrill, selectmen; John F. Cobb, clerk. 1858 — Thomas Littlefield, Lewis Philips, Peter Noyes, selectmen; John F. Cobb, clerk. 1859 — Thomas Littlefield, George Ricker, Timothy Bailey, select- men; John F. Cobb, clerk. 1860 — Thomas Littlefield, George Ricker, Timothy Bailey, .selectmen; A. L. Merrill, clerk. 1861 — Thomas Littlefield, Samuel D. Harris, Seth P. Miller, selectmen; Richard Dresser, clerk. 1862, 1863 — Thomas Littlefield, Samuel D. Harris, Josiah W. Littlefield, selectmen; Richard Dresser, clerk. 1864 — Thomas Littlefield, Nelson Dingley, Harvey Dillingham, selectmen; Richard Dresser, clerk. 1865 — Thomas Littlefield, Oscar D. Bailey, Joel S. Cobb, selectmen; Richard Dresser, clerk. 1866, 1867 — Thomas Littlefield, Oscar D. Bailey, Prentiss M. Woodman, selectmen; Richard Dresser, clerk. 1868 — Thomas Littlefield, Oscar D. Bailey, Prentiss M. Woodman, selectmen ; George S. Woodman, clerk. CITY GOVERNMENTS. 1869 — Mayor. Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, Ward 1, Wm H. Keith; Ward 2, P. M. Woodman; Ward 3, Daniel P. Atwood; Ward 4, Jeremiah Dingley, Jr; Ward 5, Daniel Field. City Clerk, Geo. S. Woodman. Common Council, Ward 1, H. C. Briggs, Alex. City of Auburn. 625 Stinson, E. P. Crafts; Ward 2, Silas Sprague, Nathan Briggs, Ezekiel Eveleth; Ward 3, S. P. Miller, 0. B. Morse, Wm B. Merrill; Ward 4, E. T. Luce, W. S. Young, John F. Cobb; Ward 5, A. C. Pray, Geo. W. Bailey, A. J. Verrill. 1870 — Mayor, Setli P. Miller. Aldermen, Ward 1, Hiram C. Briggs; Ward 2, Prentiss M. Woodman; Ward 3, John W. Perkins; Ward 4, James Wagg; Ward 5, Almon C. Pray. City Clerk, George S. Woodman. Common Council, President, William B. Merrill; Clerk, William M. Harris; Ward 1, John M. Perry, Benjamin Conant, Alvan Waterman; Ward 2, Ezekiel Eveleth, Charles S. Emerson, James White; Ward 3, William P>. Merrill, Albert Young, Oren B. Morse; Ward 4, Oren S. Libby, Hannibal R. Smith, Increase B. Kimball; Ward 5, Charles Dunn, Nathaniel G. Sturgis, Andrew (1. Haskell. 1871 — Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, Ward 1, Oscar D. Bailey; Ward 2, Silas Sprague; Ward 3, John W. Perkins; Ward 4, James S. Bobbins; Ward 5, Almon C. Pray. City Clerk, George S. Woodman. Common Council, President, Charles Dunn; Clerk, VV^illiam M. Harris; Ward 1, Alonzo Crafts, Benjamin Conant, Harrison O. Whitman; Ward 2, Josiah Penley, Silvester Oakes, Frank Bartlett; Ward 3, Oren B. Morse, Ansel L Lombard, Wm M. Chamberlin; Ward 4, J. W. Peables, Rufus Penley, Frank E. Young; Ward 5, Charles Dunn, Samuel Emerson, Charles O. Martin. 1872 — Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, Ward 1, John M. Perry; Ward 2, Hannibal R. Smith; Ward 3, Oren B. Morse; Ward 4, James Dingley; Ward 5, Charles Dunn. City Clerk, George S. Woodman. Common Council, Prpsident, Richard Dresser; Clerk, William M. Harris; Ward 1, Zibeon Crafts, George H. Dilljnghara, Ira T. Waterman; Ward 2, Frank Bartlett, Edward W. Gross, Benjamin F. Sturgis; Ward 3, Ansel L. Lombard, William B. Merrill, William M. Chamberlin; Ward 4, James Wagg, William S. Young, Richard Dresser; Ward 5, George W. Bailey, James L. Martin, Alden J. Verrill. 1873— Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, Ward 1, John M. Perry; Ward 2, Frank Bartlett; Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4, Francis M. Jordan; Ward 5, Charles Dunn. City Clerk, George S. Woodman. Common Council, President, Benjamin F. Sturgis; CTerA-, Murray B.Watson; Ward 1. Zibeon Crafts, George H. Dillingham, Alvan Waterman; Ward 2, Edward W. Gross, Benjamin F. Sturgis, A. J. Coburn; Ward 3, Ansel L. Lombard, James O. Foss, William M. Chamberlin; Ward 4, Benjamin F. Briggs, William S. Young, Oren T. Libby; Ward .5, Thomas J. Freeman, William D. Adams, William D. Brewster. 1874 — Mayok, Thomas Littlefield; Aldermen, Ward 1, Oscar D. Bailey; Ward 2, Joseph Little- field; Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4. Francis M. Jordan; Ward 5, Charles Dunn. City Clerk, George S. Woodman. Common Covscii,, President, Wva.YL.'K.eith; CVp?-^-, Murray B. Watson; Ward 1, Alvan Waterman, William H. Keith, Joseph Q. Edmonds; Ward 2, A. J. Coburn, Ezekiel Eveleth, John Rolfe; Ward 3, John C. Symmes, B. C. Keen, Ellery F. Goss; Ward 4, Edward A. Little, W. S. Rogers, Jacob Larrabee; Ward 5, Thomas J. Freeman, George W. Bailey, Dexter W. Verrill. 1875— Mayor, James Dingley. Aldermen, Ward 1, Fred A. Allen; Ward 2, Hannibal R. Smith; Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4, John F. Cobb; Ward 5, Dexter W. Verrill. City Clerk, George S. Woodman. Common Council, President, William P. Bearce; Clerk, Murray B. Watson; Ward 1, Charles K. Packard, Richard Hutchinson, S. H. Stockman; Ward 2, William P. Bearce, Dana Goff, Samuel F. Merrill; Ward 3, Ellery F. Goss, B. C. Keen, Abram Atwood; Ward 4, Isaac Haskell, Andrew M. Peables, Rufus Penley; Ward 5, George E. Strout, Leonard Hicks, Benjamin A. Rideout. 1876— Mayor, James Dingley. Aldermen, Ward 1, Fred A. Allen; Ward 2, William P. Bearce; Ward 3, Ellery F. Goss; Ward 4, William W. Bolster; Ward 5, Ether S. Paul. City Clerk, George S. Woodman. Common Council, President, George E. Strout; Clerk, Murray B. Watson; Ward 1, Alden B. Crafts, George H. A. Bradbury, Milburn Furbish; Ward 2, Almon L. Goss, Benjamin F. Sturgis, Charles S.Emerson; Ward 3, Abram Atwood, B. C. Keen, John B. Jordan; Waril 4, J. Dingley, Jr, Jacob Larrabee, Everett W. Burgess; Ward 5, Leonard Hicks, George E. Strout, Benjamin A. Rideout. 1877 —Mayor, Hannibal R. Smith. Aldermen, Ward 1, Oscar D. Bailey; Ward 2, Benjamin F. Sturgis; Ward 3, Ellery F. Goss; Ward 4, William W. Bolster; Ward 5, Freedom Haskell. City Clerk, George S. Woodman. Common Council, President, John B. Jordan; Clerk, Murray B. Watson; Ward 1, Charles A. Kinsley, George A. H. Bradbury, H. O. Whitman; Ward 2, Almon L. Goss, Thomas Littlefield, William P. Bearce; Ward 3, John B. Jordan, Jabez H. Merrill, Charles E. Smith, Ward 4, J. Dingley, Jr, Jacob Larrabee, Everett W. Burgess; Ward .5, N. H. Woodbury, Dexter W. Verrill, Charles Flagg. 1878— Mayor, Hannibal R. Smith. Aldermen, Ward 1, Oscar D. Bailey; Ward 2, Ezekiel Eveleth; Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4, Nathaniel I. Jordan; Ward 5, George W. Wagg. City 626 History of Androscoggin County. Clerk, George S. "Woodman. Common Council, President, Augustus M. Pulsifer; Cleric, Murray B, Watson; Ward 1, Charles H. Record, Joseph E. Metcalf, Herbert S. Whitman; AVard 2, Thomas Littlefield, Joshua W. Beede, Daniel Lara; Ward 3, Jabez H. Merrill, John Pickard, Wallace K. Oakes; Ward 4, Calvin S. Libby, James W. Peables, Augustus M. Pulsifer; Ward 5, N. H. Woodbury, Charles C. Rowe, David S. Whitehouse. 1879 — Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldermen, President, Seth P. Miller; Ward 1, Charles H. Record; Ward 2, Ezekiel Eveleth; Ward 3, Seth P. Miller; Ward 4, Nathaniel I. Jordan; Ward 5, George W. Wagg. Cit^j Clerk, Henry M. Sprague. Common Council, President, Wallace K. Oakes. Clerk, Murray B. Watson; Ward 1, Royal J. Bradbury, Edward W. Bird, Herbert S. Whitman; Ward 2, Daniel Lara, John Stinson, H. R. Bisbee; Ward 3, John Pickard, Wallace K. Oakes, Henry Willis; Ward 4, James AV. Peables, Isaac Haskell, J. T. W. Stinchfleld; AVard 5, Charles Thur.ston, (reorge AV. AVoodbury, David S. AVhitehouse. 1880 — Mayor, Thomas Littlefield. Aldebmen, Prenldent, Edwin T. Gile; AVard 1, J. E. Metcalf; Ward 2, Edwin T. Gile; AVard 3, Jabez H. Merrill; AVard 4, Benjamin F. Briggs; AA^ard 5, Moses Crafts. City Clerk, Henry M. Sprague. Common Council, President, Ebenezer Jordan; Clerk, Alton J. Shaw; AVard 1, E. AV. Bird, Charles H. Record, AV. F. Munroe; AVard 2, H. R. Bisbee, H. B. Sawyer, Joseph Goss; AVard 3, AVilliam A. Robinson, John F. Clifford, Nathan AV. Harris; AVard 4, Albert M. Penley, Horatio B. Pulsifer, Ebenezer Jordan; AVard 5, Charles Thurston, Daniel H. Rendall, Samuel Farnham. 1881 — Mayor, George S. AVoodman. Aldermen, President, Horatio B. Pulsifer; Ward 1, Lucius C.Dunham; AVard 2, Joseph Goss; Ward 3, Jabez H. Merrill; Ward 4, Horatio B. Pulsifer; Ward 5, John Stinson. City Clerk, J. W. Mitchell. Common Council, President, Nathan AV. Harris; Clerk, Alton J. Shaw; AVard 1, Joseph Q. Edmonds, J. P. Garcelon, Francis Packard; Ward 2, David P. Field, Horatio B. Sawyer, Edwin O. Wells; Ward 3, William A. Robinson, John F. Clifford, Nathan W. Harris; AVard 4, John AV. May, Edson G. Spofford, AVinfield S. Larrabee; AVard 5, Algernon M. Roak, George AV. AVagg, Isaiah V. McKenuey. 1882 — Mayor, George S. AVoodman. Aldermen, President, George AV. AVagg; AVard 1, AV. F. Munroe; AVard 2, Daniel Lara; AVard 3, N. AV. Harris; Ward 4, E. G. Spofford; AVard 5, George AV. AVagg. City Clerk, J. AV. Mitchell. Common Council, President, AVilliam A. Robinson; Clerk, Fred O. AVatson; AVard 1, Francis Packard, J. P. Garcelon, AVilliam H. Briggs; AVard 2, David P. Field, Edwin O. AVells, Charles AV. Campbell; AVard 3, AVm A. Robinson, B. F. Teague, Edmund Libby; AVard 4, A. M. Penley, L. AV. Haskell, John T. AV. Stinchfield; AVard 5, D. AV. Kinsley, S. R. Robinson, S. S. Merrill. 1883 — Mayor, George S. AVoodman. Aldermen, President, Nathan AV. Harris; AVard 1, Harrison O. AVhitman; AVard 2, David P. Field; AVard 3, Nathan AV. Harris; AVard 4, Lewis AV. Haskell; AVard 5, George AV. AVagg. City Clerk, J. AV. Mitchell. Common Council, President, Charles AV. Campbell; Clerk, Fred O. AVatson; AVard 1, AVilliam H. Briggs, Seth Briggs, Fred AV. Hutchinson; AVard 2, Charles AV. Campbell, Thomas Littlefield, George AV. Curtis; AVard 3, Benjamin F. Teague, Edmund Libby, Henry AV. Oakes; AVard 4, N. C. Estes, Solomon Larrabee, Albert Jordan; AVard 5, Samuel R. Robinson, Royal M. Mason, Charles E. Marvel. 1884 — Mayor, Benjamin F. Sturgis. Aldermen, President, David P. Field; AVard 1, Harrison O. AVhitman; AVard 2, David P. Field; AVard 3, Edmund Libby; AVard 4, Albert M. Penley; AVard 5, Samuel R. Robinson. C«7?/ C7e/'^, J. AV. Mitchell. Common Council, President, Ansel Briggs; Clerk, Fred O. AVatson; AVard 1, Seth Briggs, Fred AV. Hutchinson, Ansel Briggs; AVard 2, George AV. Curtis, Benjamin F. Beals, Horace Goff; AVard 3, Henry AV. Oakes, N. M. Neal, John N. Foster; AVard 4, Henry Lowell, Frank A. Haskell, Charles A. Jordan; AVard 5, Charles E. Marvel, Stephen S. Merrill, Delance Young. 1885 — Mayor, Lewis AV. Haskell. Aldermen, President, Ansel Briggs; AVard 1, Ansel Briggs; AVard 2, George AV. Curtis; AVard 3, A. P. Lamb; AVard 4, C. A. Jordan; AVard 5, Albert A. Young. City Clerk, J. AV. Mitchell. Common Council, President, John N. Foster; AVard 1, E. S. Crafts, H. N . Johnson, J.AVesley Ricker; AVard 2, B. F. Beals, James AVhite, James L. Lowell; AVard 3, N. M. Neal, John N. Foster, AV. F. Lord; AVard 4, C. S. Bond, G. M. Atkins, F. G. Vickery; AVard 5, Charles H. Stevens, Stephen S. Merrill, Peter M. Austin; Clerk, Fred O. AVatson. 188() — Mayor, Lewis AV. Haskell. Aldermen, President, A. P. Lamb; AVard 1, Ansel Briggs; AVard 2; Isaac AV. Harris; AVard 3, A. P. Lamb; AVard 4, G. M. Atkins; AVard 5, Albert A. Young. City Clerk, Rodney F. Foss. Common Council, President, Charles S. Yeaton; AVard 1, H. N. John- son, J. AV. Ricker, Stafford B. Jones; AVard 2, John T. Hale, Charles S. Yeaton, Charles H. Parker; AVard 3, Charles E. Libby, George E. Bisbee, P. M. Bickford; AVard 4, S. K. Ballard, A. AV. Miller, AV. S. Larrabee; AVard 5, Josiah AV. Littlefield, V. P. Buck, P. xM. Austin; Clerk, C. C. Jordan. City of Auburn. 627 1887 — Mayor, Albert M. Penley. Aldermen, Pre.tldent, John N. Foster; Ward 1, J. W. Ricker; Ward 2, Benjamin F. Sturgis; Ward 3, John N. Foster; Ward 4, H. C. Day; Ward 5, James L. Martin Citj/ Clerk, J. W. Mitchell. Common Council, President, N. M. Neal; Ward 1, H. N. Johnson, George F. Rollins, Stafford B. Jones; Ward 2, John T. Hale, James L. Lowell, Herbert L. Foss; Ward 3, J. E. Tibbetts, E. G. Heath, Seth Manley; Ward 4, James Dingley, A. C. Snow, Lanrent Laberge; Ward 5, N. M. Neal, F. R. Rounds, H. L. Haskell; Clerk, John H. Neal. 1888 — Mayor, Albert M. Penley. Aldermen, President, John N. Foster; Ward 1, Horace N. Johnson; Ward 2, Benjamin F. Sturgis; Ward 3, John N. Foster; Ward 4, Horace C. Day; Ward 5, James L. Martin. Citif Clerk, J. W. Mitchell. Common Council, President, N. M. Neal; Ward 1, S. B. Jones, George F. Rollins, Dana B. Holmes; Ward 2, Herbert L. Foss, D. B. Stevens, R. S. Brad- bury; Ward 3, John E. Tibbetts, E. G. Heath, Seth Manley; Ward 4, A. C. Snow, Lanrent Laberge, Charles E. Greenleaf; Ward 5, N. M. Neal, Harry L. Haskell. Charles Stackpole; Clerk, John H. Neal. 1889 — Mayor, Albert R. Savage. Aldermen, President, Benjamin F. Sturgis, M.D.; Ward 1, Stafford B. Jones; Ward 2, Benjamin F. Sturgis; Ward 3, John E. Tibbetts; Ward 4, P. H. Kelleher; Ward 5, Harry L. Haskell. Cily Clerk, J. W. Mitchell. Common Council, President, T. E. Eustis; Ward 1, Dana B. Holmes, Charles F. Curtis, Daniel W. Kinsley; Ward 2, Russell S. Bradbury, Herbert L. Fo.ss, Daniel B. Stevens; Ward 3, T. Everett Eustis, Raymond Toothaker, Charles W. Dexter; Ward 4, Charles E. Greenleaf, L. O. Brackett, Thomas Marsden; Ward 5, Samuel B. Smith, Frank ^Martin, Charles Stackpole; Clerk, George E. McCann. 1800 — Mayor, Albert R. Savage. Aldermen, President, T E. Eustis; Ward 1, Dana B. Holmes; Ward 2, Winchester G. Lowell; Ward 3,T. Everett Eustis; Ward 4, I. N. Haskell; Ward 5, Harry L. Haskell. Cit;/ Clerk, George G. Gifford. Common Council, President, George E. McCann; Ward 1, Daniel W. Kinsley, Charles F. Curtis, Thomas Dillingham; Ward 2, Charles H. Briggs, George E. Davis, James M. Stevens; Ward 3, Raymond Toothaker, Charles W. Dexter, Henry H. Hanson; Ward 4, George E. McCann, Orrel F. Brown, J:dmund H. Soper; Ward 5, Samuel B. Smith, Isaiah V. McKeimey, Elbridge G. Robinson; (Jlcrk, J. H. Neal. 1891 — Mayor, Albert R. Savage. Aldermen, President, T. E. Eustis; Ward 1, Daniel W. Kinsley; Ward 2, Winchester G. Lowell; Ward 3, T. Everett Eustis; Ward 4, I. N. Haskell; Ward 5, Samuel B. Smith. City Clerk, George G. Gifford. Common Council, President, Charles F. Curtis; Ward 1, Charles F. Curtis, Roland S. Woodward, Wellington D. Curtis; Ward 2, Charles H. Briggs, George E. Davis, James M. Stevens; Ward 3, Henry H. Hanson, Henry W. Cakes, E. H. Hutchins; Ward 4, A. A. Garcelon, John P. Auger, Edmund H. Soper; Ward 5, Elbridge G. Robinson, Samuel S. Ashworth, Charles E. Marvel; Clerk, J. H. Neal; Treasurer, George E. McCann. CHAPTER XXXVI. Early Shoe JMaiuiracturing — Pi-ogres-s ffam 1860 to 1870 — Manufactiirei-s Twenty Years Ago — Statistics fi-om 1871 to I88I — Mannfactufers Ten Years Ago— From 1881 to 1891 — Shoe and Other Manufactories, January, 1891 — The Sl)oe Companies — Other Manufact- uring — ISIinor Industries, etc. AUBURN is the shoe city of Maine, and here was the first attempt made in tlie state to develop shoe manufacturing as now conducted. A charter was granted by the legislature to the Minot Shoe Company, organized at West Auburn, January 2, 1885, with a capital first of -$5,000, but soon made <|10,000, and with Asaph Howard, Martin Crafts, Charles Briggs, Gershom B. Holmes, Benjamin Johnson, Timothy Bailey, Eliphalet Packard, Nehemiah Packard, George Ricker, Austin Kingsley, William Ladd, and others as stock- holders. Asaph Howard, president ; Eliphalet Packard, clerk and treasurer ; 628 . History op Androscoggin County. Charles Briggs and Nehemiah Packard, directors. Work was begun in the dwelling of Mr Crafts in May, 1836, Moses Crafts helping cut the first case ; in November a shop was completed, and the manufacturing removed thither. A o-ood quality of work was made, but the character of goods required to suit a general market and the proper method to make soles do not appear to have been understood. In the first two years of operation a large amount of work accumulated, and in anticipation of an early sale of the goods a dividend of 13 per cent, was declared, for which the company gave notes. The third year was unprofitable and no dividend was declared. David Green, of Auburn, then became agent, and while on business for the company embarked on the steamer Lexington on the trip on which it was burned, and was found frozen to death in a small boat that drifted to the shore. Jacob H. Roah, a son of Martin Rourk, of Durham, who had conducted a boot and shoe store at Goff's Corner since 1835, succeeded Mr Green as agent, and a year later bought the stock at less than one-eighth of its par value. Notwithstanding the ill luck, some of the pioneers continued to manufacture, others followed their example ; the demands of the market as to kind and quality of goods came to be under- stood, and the result has been the phenomenal growth of Auburn's shoe industry, and a development through its means of a wealthy city of nearly 12,000 population. Jacob H. Roak from 1810 gave his energy to the upbuilding of this important industry, and was the promoter of many of Auburn's leading business interests. J. H. Roak & Co. (E. F. Packard, Samuel Pickard) commenced manu- facturing in 1847 on the site of Phcenix Block. Mr Packard was son of Gen. Eliphalet Packard, an early pioneer in the Southern shoe market and a stock- holder in the Minot Shoe Company. This firm at first made men's coarse work for New England country trade. The factory was burned in 1855 and re-estab- lished in Phoenix Block as Roak, Packard & Co. Later Mr Packard bought Mr Roak's interest, and in 1804 B. F. Briggs became partner in the firm of E. F. Packard & Co. In 1873 the brick factory on Railroad square of 122x40 feet, with five floors, was built. Steam furnished both power and heat. The firm this year produced 6,000 pairs of shoes weekly of goods for Southern and Western trade. Frank H. Packard became a member in 1874. Over 200 operatives were employed, and the weekly product was 9,000 pairs. In 1879 Frank H. Briggs was one of the firm. In 1882 the business was discontinued. James Munroe & Co. In 1843 C. S. Packard and Noble N. Munroe purchased the interest of Jacob H. Roak in the busniess at West Auburn, and commenced operations as Packard & Munroe. In 1846 James Munroe became partner, and the firm name of C. S. Packard & Co. was assumed, which, upon the retirement of Mr Packard, became James Munroe & Co. Nelson H. Munroe was soon taken into the firm, and, five years later, was succeeded by H. M, Packard. A business of large proportions was developed, which, under City of Auburn. 629 the names of James Munroe & Co. and Munroe Manufacturing Co., continued without change until the death of Noble N. Munroe in ISSG. The shoe man- ufacturing was discontinued, however, in 1880, having been in constant opera- tion for 30 years, except two months in 1861, when preparations were going on for war. The business was in its greatest prosperity from 1865 to 1875, but was ever conducted in a thrifty way and to the prosperity of the community. During the whole course of business every dollar of indebtedness was met by payments in full. Mr James Munroe resides at West Auburn and is one of the wealthiest men of the city. At first manufacturing was done in a })rimitive manner, and the product was a coarse, heavy article. The work was cut out by the manufacturer, aided sometimes by a "cutter " or two, in a small room or shop, and then sent to the dwellings of the community, where the men and women worked at bottoming, stitching, etc. Everything was done by hand ; no labor-saving machinery being introduced until about 1850. With the introduction of machinery and the making of a finer class of goods, a more S3'stematic method of manufacture came into operation. Factories were built where the labor was done under the careful supervision of competent overseers, and by the aid of machinery run by steam-power. This factory system was generally adopted by 1870, though some of the work was still "farmed out." From that time the tendency has been towards large shops fitted with modern accessories of science, steam-power and heat, gas and electricity for light, elevators, etc., for the more easy hand- ling of materials and products. The development of Lewiston Falls, with the facility for shipment afforded by the railroad caused the shoe manufacturers to largely locate there, and from 1860 to 1870 the population of that part of Auburn lying within four miles of Court street bridge nearly doubled. This was largely due to shoe manufacturing and the business it created. In 1865 this manufacturing amounted to 11,000,000 annually, paying for labor §300,000, excise tax -160,000, freight -130,000, stock -f 520,000, and producing 600,000 pairs of shoes. From the incorporation of Auburn as a city this industry has been the one overshadowing all others. General business improved with the progress of the shoe business. Real estate brought higher prices. There was a brisk demand for building lots, an influx of a good class of citizens, a rapid and solid growth, and the new city attained prominence for its activity, push, and amount of business done. According to statistics carefull}^ compiled by the Lewiston Journal, in 1871 the total manufacturing capital was -^1,900,000, of which -tl, 300,000 was used in the shoe business, and only -1550,000 was corporate capital. The number of shoe factories was 21. These used 3,000,000 pounds of leather, made over 2,367,000 pairs of shoes, valued at $2,377,000, and employed 2,137 operatives, with an annual pay-roll of $554,600. The total amount of manufacturing of Auburn in 1871 was -$3,071,000, and the aggregate pay-roll $621,600. 630 History of Androscoggin County. Manufacturers Twenty Years Ago. In 1871 the shoe manufact- urers were Ara Cu.'400,000. The directors were Ara Cushman, John T. Randall, John F. Cobb, F. M. Jordan, Henry Willis, George C. Wing. Ara Cushman was made president, and John T. Randall, vice-president. On the death of Mr Randall, in 1881, John F. Cobb was chosen his successor. Marshall C. Percival was the first cashier. He resigned April 17, 1891, and was succeeded by Everett L. Smith. The Shoe and Leather Bank was in the management of leading financiers, took rank with the most successful moneyed institutions of Maine, in business ability was second to none, and December 31,1890, its surplus capital was !|50,000. On the resignation of Mr Percival, an examination by U. S. National Bank Examiner F. W. Parker, of Lewiston, showed a deficit of 1180,000. This was a severe blow to the bank, but so great was the confidence of the people in its stockholders and directorate that no run was made upon it, nor upon the Mechanics Savings Bank, which was a large stockholder in the Shoe and Leather Bank. From the amounts secured from Mr Percival and his bondsmen, the surplus funds, and a 10 per cent, assessment on the capital stock, the loss was made good, and the bank continues to do business with undimin- ished capital, and maintains its prestige among the banks of the state. The present directors are Ara Cushman, John F. Cobb, F. M. Jordan, B. F. Briggs, George C. Wing, G. P. Martin, L. Linn Small. Aynerican Bankiny and Trust Co. banking rooms, Goff Block. Capital stock paid in $75,000. January 1, 1891, the surplus fund was 18,000 ; the undivided profits $1,000. Directors: W. W. Bolster, Auburn ; S. A. Holbrook, Freeport; G. E. Smith, Boston ; N. W. Harris, Auburn ; J. E. Briggs, Winthrop ; E. P. Wentworth, Portland; F. R. Conant, Auburn; president, W. W. Bolster; vice-president, B. R. Redman, Quincy, Mass.; secretary and treasurer, N. F. Woodbury, Auburn. This institution was incorporated in 1887, had its charter amended in February, 1889, enlarging its powers. It does a general banking business, receives deposits subject to check, also time deposits, on which it pays a liberal rate of interest. It is authorized to act as trustee for any person, firm, or corporation, negotiate loans, issue and sell bonds secured by first mortgages on real estate, buy, sell, exchange, and deal in any kind of property, receive money and trust funds, and invest them. It issues certificates of deposit bearing four and one-half or five per cent, interest per annum according to time 646 History of Androscoggin County. and amount, which are specially advantageous to persons having considerable sums of money not in use for a short or long time. Auburn Trust Company, incorporated March 2, 1889, with a capital of 1200,000 for a general banking business, had as corporators George C. Wing, Marshall C. Percival, Ara Cushman, Oscar Holway, Seth M. Carter, Samuel F. Merrill, and their associates, George D. Bisbee, J. R. Learned, Edward H. York, Heman A. Packard, George A. Wilson, L. Linn Small, B. F. Sturgis. Samuel F. Merrill was chosen president, George C. Wing vice-president, James F. Atwood secretary and treasurer. The bank began business in the National Shoe and Leather Bank in September, 1890, and soon after removed to the Board of Trade rooms, where it remained until the completion of its magnifi- cent banking rooms in Elm Block, which was purchased for 112,600 in 1890, and alterations, costing from $12,000 to fl5,000 were made. The bank has appurtenances of the best quality, with massive, steel-lined vaults, and with a large capital in the management of leading business men, is a valuable addition to the monetary institutions of the county. J. R. Learned., state agent of Union Debenture Co. has his office at 83 Main street. Auburn Municipal Court is now of equal importance with that of Lewiston. A police court was created in 1869, succeeded by a municipal court in 1875. (See page 308.) September 21, 1891, J. W. Mitchell, Esq., was appointed judge to succeed Richard Dresser, resigned. Auburn Board of Trade. — This organization is one of the strongest elements of Auburn's business prosperity. It was organized April 6, 1887, with 86 members. The leading business men belong to it, and, although on ordinary occasions the meetings may be thinly attended, and not much interest apparently manifested, yet when the need of action comes and a movement is demanded to add to Auburn's prosperity, this Board of Trade furnishes organized and concentred activity that fails not to accomplish the end in view ; the Auburn Public Library is a conspicuous example of its successful work. Rooms 83 Main street. The officers are Ara Cushman, president; E. T. Gile, A. M. Penle}^ George S. Woodman, vice-presidents ; J. P. Hutchinson, secre- tary ; D. W. Verrill, treasurer. The Maine Beuejit Amociation was incorporated in June, 1884, under the general law of Maine providing for tlie organization of charitable and benevo- lent institutions. A question arising as to whether an insurance company could legall}^ organize under this law, the legislature of 1884-5 was asked to grant a charter to the company, which, after most bitter and prolonged opposi- tion on the part of the representatives of the established system, was done, and the act was approved by the governor, March 5, 1885. The company immediately organized and commenced active business in April, 1885. Except- ing the fraternal orders this association was the pioneer in co-operative City of Auburn. 647 insurance in Maine, the laws never before recognizing any system of insurance save that conducted on the so-called old line plan. The people of Maine endorsed the new company by giving it a membership of more than 6,000 in five years, and within that time the association paid to the widows and orphans of deceased members more than -1300,000. 1,000 certificates were written in 1890, representing insurance of -SI, 962,000. Milton F. Ricker has been manager from the first. E. F. Packard, the first president, was soon succeeded by Hon. Geo. C. Wing. Wallace H. White is vice-president; N. W. Harris, treasurer; Wallace K. Oakes, M.D., medical director; Geo. C. Wing, A. R. Savage, S. M. Carter, executive committee. The first secretary, S. A. Lowell, resigned in 1890, and was succeeded by N. W. Harris. Auburn Loan and BuUdin< of Rehekah; Enterprise, Eureka, New Auburn Lodges, Auburn Division (Uniform Rank), Harmony (sisterhood), KnigMa of Pijihiaa; Roi/al Conclave of Knights and Ladies; Knights of Honor; United Order of Golden Cross; L. of H. ; United Order of Pilgrim Fathers; Auburn, Prospect, and Lidustry (East Auburn) Lodges of Good Templars; Star of the East, R. T. of T. ; North Star lodge of New England Order of Protection. CHAPTER XXXVHL Universalist Churches — Congregational Churches — Baptist Churches — Free Baptist Church —Methodist Episcopal Churches — Episcopal Church— Y. M. C. A. — Schools- Ladies' Charital)le Society — Auburn Art Club — Associated Charities — Public Library. THE UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. — A Universalist society was organ- ized February 8, 1823, by the people of Minot, Danville, and Lewiston.^ February 4, 1829, a request is recorded to a justice for a warrant to call a meeting to form a Universalist society, signed by 45 voters of Lewiston, Minot, and Danville. Article second of the constitution reads: "The immoral conduct of any member shall be laid before the society by any member of the society knowing the facts. The defendant shall have a fair trial, and for minor offenses may be admonished and forgiven, but for drunkenness, gamb- ling, profanity, or theft he sliall be expelled. We will discourage the above vices as much as in us lies, and encourage religion and morality in every person." The first officers were Dan Read, moderator; John Smith, clerk; James Lowell, treasurer ; Calvin Gorham, Barton Anderson, Elisha Stetson, James Lowell, and Ephraim Richardson, standing committee; Dan Read, Esq., Elisha Stetson, and Stephen H. Read, assessors. At the first meeting it was voted to raise 140 by taxation for public preaching, and Joel Thompson, Dan Read, Esq., and Cyrus Barker were chosen delegates to the Kennebec District Convention. The Leiviston Falls Universalist Society was organized January 14, 1836, a new constitution adopted, and the object of the society defined to be "the promotion of religion and piety, and the suppression of vice and immorality." iThe Maine Universalist Convention had its origin in a council held June 24, 1828, in the dwelling of James Lowell in Lewiston. Eighteen clergymen were present; Rev. Wm Frost, of Dexter, was elected moderator; Rev. J. W. Hoskins, of Wiscasset, clerk. Delegates were present from 28 societies. The state was divided into four associations, and the Convention was constituted by all the Universalist ministers in the state and lay delegates elected by the associations. 658 History of Androscoggin County. Any person of good moral character was entitled to membership. The first standing committee was Calvin Gorham, John Smith, and Jabez Merrill. March 18, 1836, Rev. David T. Stevens^ became pastor. The meetings were held alternately on each side of the river : in Lewiston, in a brick school-house near the Free Baptist church on Main street; in Auburn, in the school-house on Turner street. The society had preaching but half the time, the other half the pastor was employed at Minot Corner, Greene, Lisbon, etc. The salary paid was -fS.SO a Sabbath. The religious interest increased until the spring of 1838, when a religious revival extended to all denominations, but effected this society to a great extent. April 25, 1838, a Universalist church was organized with 22 members which soon increased to 40. Among the early members were Dan Read and wife (Mr Read may be justly considered the father of this society), Robert Anderson and his son Barton, Dr Gorham and wife, Nathan Reynolds and wife, of Lewiston. Jabez Merrill, Capt. James Goff, Micajah Littlefield, William B. Merrill and their wives were early members. Mrs Elisha Stetson, Mrs J. Smith, and Mrs J. Goff were active Universalists; James Nash, Samuel Berry, Darius White, Nathan Briggs, Orrison Wood, and Samuel Read, of Lewiston, were strong supporters. Rev. W. R. French writes this of the early choir: "As constant as the return of Sunday they were in their places. John Smith sang with a clear, sweet voice, and never made any discord in the choir or elsewhere; Solomon P. Gorham was one of our prominent singers, and for some time a leader; Deacon Rowe was a member, and no man ever praised God more conscientiously; Mrs Mary Salina Read's voice made melody many years; Miss Julia Goff and Mrs Olivia French sang with spirit and sweet harmony ; James Goff, Jr, played on one violin, Nathan Reynolds on another, while Marshall Ford evoked music from the bass viol." Meetmfi-HouHe. — In the spring of 1838 measures were taken to build a house of worship, and F'ebruary 13, 1839, the meeting-house was completed, and nearly paid for; it was a creditable structure for the times and an orna- ^ Rev. David Thurston Stevens was Lorn in Strong, April 17,1809. His early life was passed in Sumner, his educational advantages were the common schools and two terms at Hebron Academy. When 17 years old he became a Universalist, and in 1832 went to Westbrook and studied under the guidance of Rev. Mr Brimblecome, a Harvard student. In a few weeks he was called upon to deliver a discourse he had written, and this was so acceptable that another was called for, and he was soon sent into the field. He returned to Oxford county and preached as an evangelist for three years. In 1836 he commenced his labors at Lewiston Falls, and preached here and at Minot Corner and Lisbon, In 1841 feeble health precluded such constant work, and he retired from a settled pastorate and engaged in agriculture, preaching occasionally. In 186.5 he went to Livermore Falls and remained several years there as pastor; then removed to Guilford for four years. He later returned to Auburn, where he is " tilling the soil." Mr Stevens has been a great religious worker, has organized churches in New Gloucester, Woodstock, West Minot, and many other places, and, although over 80 years of age, retains much of his original vigor. He married, December 3, 1834, Julia F. Cliurchill, of Hartford. Their surviving children are Edwin T., Julia F. (Mrs Augustine Young), Philena C. (wife of Rev. Wm A. Start, Secretary of Massachusetts T^niversalist Convention), Churchill S., Charles A., N. Maria, Harriet A. He married, second, Mrs Harriet N. Stevens, born in Eaton. City of Auburn. 659 ment to the village. It stood on the site of the present High Street Methodist Church. The building committee was Samuel Berry, Stephen H. Read, and James Goff, Jr; the principal builders were Silas Bradbury, George Emerson, and Joseph Currier. On the morning of February 13, 1839, the church was dedicated to the service of the one living and true God. In the afternoon Rev. David T. Stevens was publicly installed pastor of the church and society. The sermon was by Rev. G. W. Quinby, of Turner. The first regular service was held the next Sabbath; the text was: "It is the Lord's doing; it is marvellous in our eyes." Rev. Mr Stevens labored here faithfully and with good results, until the fall of 1841. Rev. W. R. French came in May, 1842, remained nine years, and his pastoral duties were performed with fidelity and general acceptance. Rev. I. C. Knowlton was pastor one year, and was followed by Rev. Joseph A. Bartlett, who was here a few months. Rev. Massena Goodrich was a successful laborer in this field for two years. Rev. C. H. Webster closed his three years' service in 1858. Rev. G. W. Quinby supplied for awhile, and Rev. R. Blacker for a year. The society was now in a weak condition, but by the strenuous exertions and faithfulness of a few of its adherents it was strengthened and upheld, and by their efforts the church building was purchased by the society from the pew-holders. In the spring of 1860, Rev. George Bates commenced a pastorate of three years, and his influence harmonized and cemented the religious forces of this church; a reorganization was effected in 1862 under the name of the First Universalist Church of Auburn, with this profession of faith: I. We believe in the One Living and True God, the Creator and Governor of the Universe, the Father and Friend of all spirits, infinite in every possible perfection. II. We believe in Jesus Christ, that he is the Son of God, and the Saviour of the world. III. We believe in the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments as containing a Revelation of the Character and Will of God and of the Duty and Destiny of Man. IV. We believe that God has purposed the salvation of all human souls from sin, and that all will ultimately be holy and happy. In the spring of 1863 the Lewiston residents withdrew and established a society and erected a church building. July, 1863, Rev. J. C. Snow was called to this parish. During his pastorate the meeting-house was rebuilt and the seating capacity enlarged from 56 pews to 80 pews, a large church organ pur- chased, the vestry finished and furnished, and the church membership greatly increased. Rev. Mr Snow resigned October 1, 1869, to take charge of West- brook Seminary. The desk was supplied mostly by Rev. George Bates until July, 1870, when Rev. O. F. Van Cise, of the Canton Theological School, became pastor. He resigned April 1, 1872. July, 1872, Rev. J. C. Snow was recalled. October 10, 1873, measures were taken for the organization of the First Universalht Parish of Auburn. This parish had 111 members. In QQQ History of Androscoggin County. November, 1874, a parish meeting was held in relation to building a new church. Ara Cushman made a proposition to donate the lot on Elm street, extending from Pleasant street to Spring street, to the parish, if they would erect a church and complete it by June 1, 1876, on that lot or on any other lot within the village proper. The parish voted to accept this generous proposition, and appointed Rev. J. C. Snow, B. F. Briggs, and Henry Willis to solicit funds for the erection of a church. B. F. Briggs, Henry Willis, O. B. Morse, Hiram C. Briggs, and I. C. Downes were chosen building committee January 4, 1875, and January 11 the parish authorized this committee to proceed to build on the Elm street lot. The corner-stone was laid June 3, 1875. A box was deposited in the tower foundation containing a copy of the faith, covenant, and constitution of the church. Rev. D. T. Stevens's historical sermon preached Ma}^ 1864, a sketch of the history of the parish, copies of various denominational papers, minutes of Maine Convention of Universalists for 1873 and 1874, copies of Lewiston WeeMy and Daily Journal, Lewuton G-azette, Auburn Reformer, statistics of Lewiston and Auburn manufactures for 1872-3-4-5, fractional currency then in use of the one, two, three, and five cent coins and private scrip issued during the Civil War, a copy of the pastor's address, and the order of exercises at the laying of the corner-stone. The church was completed and dedicated March 23, 1876. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. J. C. Snow. Rev. Mr Gage, of Lewiston, Rev. W. E. Gibbs, of Portland, and Rev. D. T. Stevens, among others, taking part in the exercises. The church is cruciform in shape and of Gothic architecture, with transepts of shallow depth. The exterior is attractive, the lines of the walls broken by buttresses and gables. From the southeast corner rises a tower. The spire is graceful and is 100 feet high, containing a Meneely bell weighing 1,600 pounds. The roof is rich in gables great and small, in prodigal variety. LTnder the tower is a drive-way and porch. One entrance is under the tower, two are in the main front ; and one to the vestry and corridors, and one to the vestry, pulpit, and choir are on the south side. The main front has a fine rose window of stained glass, and the upper part of both transept windows are also of stained glass. There are nine other windows on each side, of ground and figured white glass. The interior length of the nave is 111 feet, the extreme transverse dimensions 75 feet, width of nave 51 feet, and the acoustic prop- erties are of the best. The vestibule on the main front opens into a corridor four feet below its level, which leads to a vestrj^ of 27x75 feet, library, and other rooms. Broad staircases at the ends of this vestibule lead up to the audience room vestibule, which opens by three entrances into the auditorium, which has a seating capacity of 700. Over each transept is a gallery seating 66, and over the vestibule is a gallery seating 112. The transept seats and those in the transept galleries flank the pulpit. The organ is 16.5 feet wide, City of Auburn. 661 10.5 in width, and 22 feet high, has 4 pedal movements, 32 stops, 1,667 pipes. It is back of the pulpit and the choir is in a gallery to the right. 500,000 bricks, 125,000 feet of rough lumber, and 25,000 feet of ash lumber were used in this church edifice, which cost 845,000. The impression given by this beautiful edifice is one of restful and harmonious correspondence. It is an ornament to the city and a fitting shrine of worship. The First Univevsalist Parish held their first annual meeting in the vestry of the Elm Street church, January 1, 1877. Ara Cushman was elected moderator. 1878. April 8, Kev. J. C. Snow tendered his resignation, which the parish refused to accept. 1879. November 3, Rev. Mr Snow resigned. He had great ability as a gospel preacher and was a faithful pastor. 1880. January 5, the parish extended a call to Rev. George W. Perry, which was accepted; Rev. Mr Perry remained until 1883. At this time there was a debt of $8,000 on the church building, and after a partial canvass of the parish by a soliciting committee, the trustees decided to bring the matter into the church, and on the evening of April 30, after a discourse by Rev. C. A. Hayden, $6,000 was raised. A unanimous motion was carried that Rev. Mr Hayden be invited to become pastor; it was then announced that probably his services could be secured if the whole amount could be raised, and at the close of the meeting the $8,000 was pledged. Mr Hayden became pastor and has continued until the present time. His labors have met with grand results, and the church is in a prosperous condition. The Sunday School was organized nearly 50 years ago, with but a few members. The average attendance in 1890 was 225; the largest number present at one session was 306. There are 28 teachers and 7 officers. The membership has increased 20 per cent, in the last two years. Miss Nancy Hill has had the management of the primary classes for over 20 years. These number over 75 pupils, and have three teachers. Henry C. Packard is the superintendent of the Sunday school and has served for 11 years. Helena L. Packard is secretary and Ida Ballard treasurer. The superintendents have been I)r Albert Merrill, Nathan Briggs, Ara Cushman, Edwin Stevens, Rev. J. C. Snow, D.D., Rev. C. A. Hayden, Henry C. Packard. The library has over 1,000 volumes. The Elm Street lieaiUny Association has been maintained with lectures, reading, and study classes in the vestry. In connection with this a reading- room and library has been open to the public every afternoon and evening, which has been of great intellectual benefit. About 70 periodicals were kept on file and thousands visited it annually. It is now consolidated with Auburn Public Library. Universalist Society at North Auburn. — For many years its place of wor- ship was on the hill, now West Auburn. It had settled ministers, good attendance at church, and a church organization. As a large part of the 662 History of Androscoggin County. congregation resided at North Auburn, it was deemed advisable to change the place of worship, and in 1858 a church was built in that village and dedicated in the autumn. The pulpit was supplied for a year or more, then Rev. A. Hitchins was settled, under whose ministry the society and church prospered. He was an earnest, zealous man. Revs H. Blacker and D. T. Stevens served as pastors for some time, and the society prospered. At the close of the war. Rev. Zenas Thompson was settled as pastor, and his services were enjoyed for several years. Rev. H. C. Munson, of Turner Centre, supplied this pulpit for a series of years, and acted as pastor. During all this time a flourishing Sunday school was sustained, it having been organized when the society wor- shiped on the Hill. Rev. Mr Chaffee was the last settled minister, but his labors closed after a year or two. Meanwhile, the village suffered much by removals and the burning of the shoe factory, and the consequent decline of enterprise in the place. Rev. W. R. French supplied, but prominent mem- bers died and the church was closed for a few years, and became unsuitable for use, and the society was disheartened. A successful effort was made to raise funds, and the needed repairs were completed in 1890, when public services were held, and large congregations for a small country village were in attendance. The society is now hopeful, and will make an effort to sustain public worship. Hujh Street Congreuatmial Church. — This church was organized in Lewiston at the North Meeting-house (Free Baptists), February 8, 1826, as the Lew- iston Falls Congregational church, with seven members : Benjamin Moore, Benjamin Murray, Josiah Little, Priscilla Murray, Mary H. Little, Hannah Freeman, and Juditli Jones, of Standish, by letter. The council met in the morning in the "old Harris house," in Lewiston, with these delegates: From Portland Second church, Rev. Edward Payson; New Gloucester, Rev. Plummer Chase and Thomas B. Little; Otisfield, Rev. Josiah G. Merrill; Minot, Rev. Elijah Jones and Chandler Freeman; Danville, Laban Loring; Poland, Daniel Waterman and Moses Harris; Turner, Rev. Allen Greely and Martin Bradford. Organized by choosing Rev. E. Payson, moderator; Rev. Allen Greely, scribe. Opening prayer by James P. Richardson ; sermon by Rev. E. Payson ; organizing prayer by Mr Merrill ; covenant and the right- hand of fellowship to the church by Rev. P. Chase; the Lord's Supper administered by Rev. E. Payson and Rev. E. Jones. January 5, 1828, David R. Loring was admitted into the church. January 5, 1829, Edward Little and Benjamin Mui'ray were requested to extend an invitation the second time to Rev. Calvin White to preach as a candidate for settlement over this and Danville cliurches. January 5, 1832, Deacon Josiah Little and Nancy Little, his wife, were received into the church by letter from Rev. Elijah Jones, pastor of the Congregational church of Minot. Miss Sarah Little, after examination, was also received into church membership. November, 1832, City of Auburn. 661 Rev. Weston B. Adams was ordained pastor. Ecclesiastical council : From Augusta, Rev. Benjamin Taj)pan, Brother William A. Brooks; New Glouces- ter, Rev. Benjamin Rice, Deacon Ebenezer Collins; Turner, Rev. Allen Greely, Brother John Dresser ; Brunswick, Rev. George E. Adams; Danville, Deacon Laban Loring; Pownal, Deacon Simeon Jones; Minot, Rev. Elijah Jones, Deacon Isaac Allen. Sermon by Rev. Mr Tappan, text Nehemiah ix:36; charge to the pastor, by Rev. Mr Thurston; right-hand of fellowship, by Rev. Mr Adams; address to the church and society, Rev. Mr Rice; concluding prayer by Rev. Mr Greely. From the organization of the church until 1832, the church attended public worship. After the settlement of Mr Adams, the missionary society contributed -f 200 per year for several years, to aid the church in the support of a minister, his salary being ^400 per year. January 4, 1833, Deacon Laban. Loring and Mary, his wife, were received into full communion by letter from the Danville church. Josiah Little was elected deacon. The church worshiped in Lewiston and Auburn until the completion of the first church edifice in Auburn. November 14, 1833, the meeting-house in Auburn, located on Main street, near Drummond, was dedicated. Order of exercises as given by Andrew R. Giddinge: "1. Acceptance of Bible, in two vols, presented by Rev. Mr Adams, pastor; 2. Music; 3. Prayer by Rev. Mr Greely, of Turner; 4. An Original dedicatory hymn ; 5. Sermon by Rev. Mr Thurston of Winthrop; 6. Music; 7. Address by Rev. Mr Jones of Minot; 8. Prayer by Rev. Mr. Havves of Topsham ; 0. Music; 10. Appointment of an evening service; Music, Dis- mission, Benediction." Mr Giddinge also gives us this account of Thanks- giving exercises, November 21: "There were present about fifty men, women, and children. Mr Adams read a portion of Scripture, and, after the singino-, Squire Little made a prayer. Another psalm was sung and Josiah Little, Esq., read a sermon of the late Dr Payson. Mr Adams made the concluding prayer, 150th psalm and doxology were sung, benediction, and we parted in peace." The First Church Choir was organized by Freeman Newell in his tailor shop, situated where Pha'nix Block now stands. Harriet Gould, Sarah Little (Mrs Charles Clark), David R. Loring and wife were among the singers. Mr Newell led the choir for 14 years ; at one time, while leading the choir, he played the base viol and sang tenor at the same time. This choir was a very harmonious one, as they sang for love and not for money. "Some Sundays there were more singers in the gallery than the minister had hearers in the pews below." The First On/an. — This was a very rickety old organ, bought second-hand in Boston. Miss Marantha Dunn was the organist. In 1838 there was a revival in Auburn and Lewiston, and August 31, 16 candidates were propounded for admission into the church. November 21, 1838, Rev. Weston B. Adams, having asked for a dismissal on account of ill health, was by an ecclesiastical council discharged. July 24, 1839, Rev. Horace B. Chapin was 664 History of Androscoggin County. installed pastor, and died October 28, 1840. His death was sincerely lamented. October 11, 1842, Rev. James Drummond' was installed pastor of the church. July 15, 1854, 31 jnembers residents of Lewiston, were dismissed from the church to be organized into a church in Lewiston. June 2, 1858, Mr Drum- mond, having asked for a dismissal, an ecclesiastical council granted his request. July 4, 1858, 31 persons were received into the church on profession of faith. October 26, 1858, Rev. Aaron C. Adams was installed pastor. June 15, 1862, the church creed and covenant were revised. July, 1862, 42 were received on profession of faith. August, 26 were received into the church on profession of faith. April, 1867, 27 persons were received on profession of faith. May, 26 persons were received into the church on profession of faith. July, 7 persons were received on profession of faith. Under the pastorate of Mr Adams there were revivals in 1862 and in 1867. September 16, 1867, Mr Adams resigned his office as pastor. The ecclesiastical council met November 5, 1867, and dismissed Mr Adams, although his labors had been signally blest during the previous year, and there was no suggestion made tliat he lacked ability, piety, or good moral character. January 23, 1868, Rev. Henry L. Hall was ordained pastor. March 16, 1869, Mr Hall, having resigned on account of ill health, was dismissed. He was a man of enlarged Christian views, very assiduous in his ministerial labors, warm-hearted in social intercourse, and his sermons gave evidence of a sound, discriminating, and well-disciplined mind. October 6, 1869, Rev. George Harris, Jr, was ordained pastor. Mr Harris, two years later asked for a dismission, which was granted January 15, 1872. The church and congregation were well satisfied with his sermons. Rev. A. B. Tinker was ordained and installed pastor October 16, 1873, and dismissed December 20, 1882. He was much beloved by the people. He was succeeded by Rev. Henry C. Westwood, D.D., December 3, 1883, who remained until September 29, 1885. He was followed, in April, 1886, by Rev. F. S. Root as acting pastor. He re- signed in October, 1891. Mr Root, a scholarly man, took pride in the progress of the church. N. I. Jordan, T. E. Eustis, and Henry P. Dorman are the parish committee. The present house of worship, a good and convenient edifice, stands on High street, and the parish that built it is known by the name of "High Street Congregational Parish." The church has a seating capacity of ^Rev. James Di-ammond was born at Bristol, in April, 1815, and was graduated at Bowdoin in 1836 with the highest honors of his class. He was the leading member of the class of 1841 of Bangor Theological Seminary. In 1842 he became pastor here, and continued 1(5 years. While here he was the principal editor of the Maine Evangelist and an editorial contributor to the Lewiston Journal. In 1858 he removed to Springfield, Mass. He died November 29, 1861. Dr J. G. Holland wrote of him: " His sermons were never dry. He never preached one without a reason for it. His sympathy with the people in all their pursuits, in their innocent pleasure as well as trials, enabled him to find and hold their hearts. Love was his atmosphere. He gave it to all — he craved it from all. There was no man so bad that he could not find some good in him; there was no life so evil that he did not strive to make some apology for it in temptation and circumstance." City of Auburn. 665 800. The Sabbath school was commenced soon after the church was organized, and now has a membership of about 300. Edward Little, Esq., was superin- tendent for several years after the organization of the school. Since about 1800 the superintendents have been John F. Cobb (Mr Cobb has been a mem- ber of the church over 42 years), John L. Merrill, J. C. Haskell, Henry W. Oakes, H. P. Dorman, and W. A. Robinson. Rev. James Heath, the church missionary, is doing a noble work in holding religious services, distributing books, and aiding many temporally and sjnritually. Sixth Street Congregational Chureh (New Auburn). — ^In January, 1874, a Union Sunday school was organized and held its sessions in the first school building on Sixth street. This was the nucleus of the Sixth Street Congrega- tional Church. The present chapel was completed in March, 1875. Two years ago an addition of a vestry was made to meet the needs of the society. The church was organized September 16, 1875, with these persons: David Ripley Loring, Sarah Hayes Loring, Susan Loring, Isaac Haskell, Anna Briggs Haskell, Samuel Parker Merrill, Ellen Mary Merrill, Dorothy Pettingill, Florence Jose[)hine Bolster, Mary Josephine Bolster, A. M. Pulsifer, Hattie C. Pulsifer, Horatio B. Pulsifer, Augusta E. Pulsifer, Ella Martha Woodbury, Denancia Amanda Gilbert, Hattie Newall Lane, Josephine Rivers, Fannie Mennealy, George Shaw Morse, Martha Anne Morse, Lauriston Reynolds. Rev. Lauriston Reynolds was also ordained to the gospel ministry and became pastor. He remained until August 2, 1885. His successor was Rev. L. J. Thomas, the present past(n", who commenced his labors with this church September 20, 1885. [He was born at Eagle Hill, Pa, was educated at Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, Pa, Bangor Seminary, and Yale University. He was ordained and installed pastor of the Congregational church at Castine, June 18, 1875, and afterwards was at Reed City, Michigan.] The deacons are William Maloon and Samuel Parker Merrill. Isaac Haskell (deceased) was a deacon. The number of church members at present is 159. The membership of the Sunday scliool is 157. The school is in a prosperous condition under the efficient management of Mr B. L. Pitman, its superintendent. The books in the library have been selected with great care. Sixth Street Church affords an admirable illustration of Christian unity and true catholicity. Among its members and working force are many who doubtless would affiliate with churches of another order elsewhere, who here work heartily together for the common good. West Auburn Congregational Church. — In 1805 a meeting-house was erected at Minot, now West Auburn, and was occupied by the Congregationalists until the death of their pastor, Rev. Jonathan Scott, October 19, 1819. It was then used by Congregationalists, Baptists, and Universalists. The Congregationalists bought the property, and in 1846 built a new church edifice on the same site. Previous to May 1, 1844, this territory had been a part of the United Congre- 666 History of Androscoggin County. gational Church of Minot, but on that date the West Auburn Congregational Church was formed with 86 members. The first pastor was Rev. Thomas G. Mitchell; he was installed in November, 1846, and remained until January, 1850. In September, 1851, Rev. Thomas A. Lord became pastor. In 1852 and 1853 the membership was much increased. Mr Lord closed his labors in 1857, and, October, 1858, accepted a second call from the church and society, and was duly installed. His long and faithful services here continued until 1872. Rev. Lewis Goodrich came in October, 1872, and he also was clerk. In 1873, 15 members were added by letter. In 1874 the church manual was revised by a committee of the church; this year there were three addi- tional members. Rev. Mr Goodrich was pastor until May 29, 1875. Rev. Joseph Cogswell commenced his pastorate here, of six years, October 31, 1875. He was succeeded by Rev. John S. Bachelder in 1882, who died January 27, 1884. There were but few additions to the membership during the last decade. In 1885 Rev. Mr Reynolds and others held a series of meetings; 9 persons became members. From 1883 to December, 1888, the pulpit was supplied by Bates College professors, and Rev. Mr Woodrow, who preached at stated periods in 1886 and 1887. December, 1888, Rev. Leander P. Gurney, commenced his ministerial services. West Auburn being to a certain extent a summer resort, the congregations are much larger during the summer. The chief cause of the decline in the prosperity of this church was the removal of business to Auburn. In 1889 the church building was extensively repaired, and there is now a very inviting audience room. In 1890 the vestry was repaired and beautified, furnished, and a fine reed organ put in. The Sunday school has about 30 pupils. S. N. Grose is superintendent. He has been church clerk for five years and contributed the data for this sketch. Court Street Bapfiat Church. — In the spring of 1859 the brethren of the Lewiston Falls Baptist Cliurch and others residing on the west side of the river in Auburn, believing "that it would be for the interest of the Baptist cause, and also the promotion of Christ's kingdom in the Avorld," conceived the idea of forming a Baptist church in Auburn, and a meeting of the church was called and a committee chosen to call a council. The council met the last of July, and expressed their approval. A lot was purchased on Spring street, and a chapel capable of seating 300 persons was built during the winter at an expense of 11,300, and dedicated April 6, 1860. March 24, 1860, voted unanimously to give Brother Nathaniel Butler a call to become pastor of the church and society when formed. The call was most cordially accepted. June 14, 1860, an ecclesiastical council met for the organization of a church, to be known as the Spring Street Baptist Church. Deacon Elijah Barrell was chosen moderator, and Rev. A. H. Gould, of East Auburn, clerk. The council was composed of Rev. William H. Shaler, Rev. G. W. Bosworth, and G. F. Emery, Esq., of Portland; Rev. N. M. Wood, Rev. J. Colder, R. E. Madison, and D. T. City of Aubuen. 667 French, of Lewiston ; Rev. L, S. Tripp and G. Wright, of Sabattus ; Rev. A. H. (touUI, Deacon G. H. Woodman, and J. Nash, of East Auburn; Deacon William Dingley, Jeremiah Dingley, and J. Miller, of Durham ; Deacon Elijah Barrell, of Greene. After the proceedings relative to the forming of the church and the calling of the council wei'e read, it was "voted that we recognize these Brethren and Sisters as a Church of Christ." Rev. N. M. Wood preached the sermon, Rev. G. W. Bosworth offered the prayer of recognition. Rev. William H. Shaler gave the charge, and Rev. Dr Knox presented the right-hand of fellowship. Rev. Nathaniel Butler was chosen moderator; I, B. Kimball, clerk; Thomas Deering, treasurer; and Henry Bangs, deacon. OrUjinal l/em6e7-.lake was engaged to supply, and was much liked ; 24 were taken into the church during his supply. The attendance gained so much the church building was raised and enlarged, and a vestry put in, at an expense of i4,000. It was re-dedicated in January, 1868, when Mr Heath was ordained and installed pastor. He remained with the church until July, 1870, when he resigned. During his pastorate 60 came into the church. Rev. E. N. Fernald commenced a pastorate of three years in October, 1870. October, 1873, in consequence of an injury on the cars, he resigned. He raised |3,300 to pay the debt of the society, and added 34 to the church. C. E. Frost, a Bates theological student, then supplied. He was assisted occasionally by Rev. J. S. Marriner, who was installed pastor, April, 1875, and the 16th of May, 55 were received into the church, mostly by baptism. These conversions were the result of Messrs Frost's and Marriner's labors. The attendance continued to increase under Mr Marriner's ministra- tion, and it was decided to remove the old building, secure an addition to the lot, and commence the erection of the present church edifice. Plans were made by Messrs Stevens and Coombs; the foundation laid by Mr B. H. Joslin. The contract for the building was taken by Messrs Dinsmore & Greenleaf, for 110,000. The work was commenced July 14, 1877, and completed in April 1878. The size of the house is 113x57 feet, the steeple 165 feet high : there are 126 pews in the body of the house, and 37 in the gallery, with a seating capacity of 800. It has a fine organ costing $2,750 ; a bell weighing about 1,700 lbs, costing .|!600, paid for by subscriptions obtained by Bro. Marriner. The cost of the church and furnishings, exclusive of the lot, was |!l8,000. The lot is a large one, and is finely located. Mr Marriner closed his success- ful labors in August, 1880. Rev. C. E. Blake supplied until December, 1880, when Rev. J. J. Hall commenced as pastor. He remained until March, 1886. City of Auburn. 671 147 members were added to the church, and the society debt was greatly reduced during his sta3^ The college professors supplied mostl}^ until Rev. Thomas H. Stacy commenced his labors in July, 1886. At this writing, 1891, he is still the pastor. 87 have been added to the church under his teachings. The whole number of members since its commencement is 676. Some of the members who have gone to their rewards have made donations in their wills to the society. The wife of Hon. James Dingley gave $1,000; William Haskell, 1400 ; Mrs Rev. John Chaney and Joseph Hutchinson also remembered the society. The present church membership is some over 400. This church has always maintained a good Sabbath school, and large numbers of the church members have been and still are connected with it. The present average attendance is about 200; L. G. Lord, superintendent; H. G. Garcelon, secretary. MetliodiHt Episcopal ChurcJi. — Prior to 1845 Rev. Thomas Greenhalgh, a man of great natural ability and spiritual fervor, preached a few times at Lewiston Falls while he was pastor of the Poland circuit. [See page 363.] In 1846 W. L. Davis, who married Ann, daughter of Rev. Mr Greenhalgh, moved to Lewiston and became leader of the first permanent class. Besides himself and wife the members were : Stephen Blethen, George W. and Thomas J. Foss, William and Ursula Coleman, Charles L. Oliver, William Staples, Hannah Furbish, Mary Herrick. Mr Davis soon came to Auburn and tlie class-meetinw followed him, convening at his house. Among the prominent early members were: "Mother Foss," VV. L. Davis and wife, David Leavitt and wife, Reuben Ingalls and wife, John Stimpson and wife, Charles Kyle, John Covell, Samuel Hicks, and others. Auburn became a separate charge in 1861, with Rev; Joseph L. Morse, pastor. The class then had 30 members, and meetings were held in the old Congregational church. Rev. John Collins was the next pastor, and, in 1863, Rev. Parker Jaques was a[)pointed. He was a very interesting preacher. During his pastorate the society worshiped in Auburn Hall. In 1864 Rev. John C. Perry was pastor. He was a good preacher and pastor. Part of the time of his stay Armory Hall was the jilace of meeting, but during his pastorate a church was completed on Hampshire street. Rev. C. F. Allen preached the dedication sermon. Other denominations built more elegant churches in more favorable locations, and took higher positions in the community. Some prominent families joined other societies, and this little church, though blessed with a succession of able pastors and frequent revivals, was for many years a feeder of other churches. The pastors from 1864 were: 1865, R. J. Ayer; 1866, C. C. Cone; 1867, W. N. Richardson; 1868-9, D. B. Randall; 1870, David Church; 1871, J. R. Day; 1872, F. Grovenor ; 1873, E. Martin ; 1874, Z. H. Zimn^erman, first, and later, G. D. Lindsay, who was continued in 1875-6-7; 1878, J. F. Hutchings ; 1879-80, W. S. Jones; 1881-82, 672 History of Androscoggin County. Thomas Tyrie ; 1883, I. G. Spiague, Stephen Allen, D.D. ; 1884-5-6, G. D. Lindsay; 1887-8-9, A. S. Lacld ; ^ 1890, H. Hewitt; 1891, F. C. Rogers. During the pastorate of D. B. Randall a vestry was built and other improvements made. A double house was built on the church lot; one for parsonage, the other for rent. During Mr Martin's stay the church was greatly encouraged. Mr Lindsay's first pastorate proved a great blessing. His executive ability and pastoral efficiency brought the society up to a good degree of prosperity, and quite a large number were converted. Mr Jones did good service. While he was here the church debt was nearly cancelled. Rev. Thomas Tyrie was an able preacher and extremely popular, but he supposed that it was only a question of time when the long struggle would end by the withdrawal of Methodism from this territor}^ and advised members to join other churches. Some took his advice, but a small number did not so interpret the leading of Providence, and when Mr Sprague took charge, with indomitable courage, mighty faith, and great zeal, the little band gathered around him. He bought an excellent church site on High street, and began to plan for a new edifice. B. F. Teague, Mark Morse, and George P. Martin were made a building committee. Mr Sprague's courage, zeal, and ardent piety won the admiration of the community, and many gave practical sympathy and substantial aid. The old church property was sold, and Mr Sprague gave half his salary to the new building, but in the midst of his labors he was prostrated by hemorrhage of the lungs. This was a heavy blow to the society. However, Rev. Stephen Allen, D.D., was sent as sup{)ly. He was a careful and prudent business man, and liis management in this crucial year was admirable. At the solicitation of the society. Rev. G. D. Lindsay was again appointed, and the church was completed, and dedicated by Bishop Foster, October 27, 1884. J. W. Hamilton, D.D., of Boston, also preached, and managed the financial work with characteristic skill. It was a day of great rejoicing for Auburn Methodists. The church, valued at |18,000, is of Gothic architecture, with the pews and inside finish of hard wood. It is finely frescoed, upholstered, and supplied with a good pipe organ. The auditorium is one of the most beautiful in the country, with a seating capacity of 600. There are two memorial windows ; one for Mother Foss, the other for Mrs Hill. The other windows are stained glass of artistic design. There is a large vestry, two small ones, and a kitchen. During Mr Lindsay's pastorate the debt was reduced to |3,000, and the membership 1 Rev. A. S. Ladd was born in Phillips, June 17, ISoS. In addition to district-school education he received private instruction in Latin, Greek, etc. He became a Methodist when but 18, and in 1860 joined Maine Conference. AmonR his pastorates have been, East Wilton and Temple, Strong, New Sharon, Kent's Hill, Waterville, Biddeford (twice), Bath (twice), Portland, Lewiston, Bangor, Auburn, and Gardiner. He is an efficient preacher, a faithful pastor, a prominent platform speaker, and a popular temperance lecturer. He has been a trustee of Maine Wesleyan Seminary for several years, and twice a member of the General Conference. Colby University gave him the honorary degree of A.M. City of Auburn. 673 increased. In Mr Ladd's first year the finest parsonage in the Conference was built adjoining the church. B. F. Teague, Hillman Smith, and G. P. Martin were its building committee. The style is a modified Queen Anne, and the property is valued at -f4,000. The " liouse-warming " occurred May 10, 1888. The Ladies' Circle has tastefully furnished it. This church is now one of the most desirable appointments of the Conference. Its membership is 200, and it has a flourishing Sunday school of 175 attendants, under the superintendence of C. W. Hill. Connected with the society is an organization of King's Daughters, and a chapter of the Epworth League, both organized during Mr Ladd's pastorate. North Auburn Methodist Church} — North Auburn, previous to 1854, had no stated preaching of the gospel. Occasionally the pastors of the Congrega- tionalist and Universalist churches at West Auburn preached in the school- house in the village. The people who attended church went to West Auburn. The Christian people of the place made the religious and moral situation a subject of earnest prayer, and kept up the agitation for the stated ministrations of the Gos})el until June, 1855, when Rev. Gideon Perkins, a Free Baptist clerg3-man, of Lewiston, was engaged to preach in the school-house one-half of the time for six months. A Sunday school was organized, with Thomas J. Bonney for superintendent, and a union class was formed which met weekly at the house of Mr Bonney for social worship. Late in the autumn Rev. Ezekiel Martin, of North Turnei', a Methodist local preacher, was invited to come and minister to this people. He preached one-half of the time until the spring of 1856, at which time he was admitted to the Maine Conference, and appointed to this germ of a church. He organized a church under the discipline of the M. E. church, consisting of five members: Beniah Niles and wife Samantha, Lysander Ricker and wife Caroline, and Mrs Mary Bailey. Mr Martin was very successful in his work and greatly strengthened and encouraged the church, proving himself the right man in the right place. In the spring of 1857 Rev. W. A. Steward was appointed preacher in charge; an extensive revival prevailed during that year and many were added to the church. He was re-appointed for 1858 and in addition to his pastoral work superintended the erection of the present church edifice, which was dedicated December 9, 1858, Rev. George Webber, D.D., preaching the sermon. Kins- man Atkinson was appointed for 1859. Through his efforts a nice organ was purchased, which is still in use. The society has been favored with constant preaching and pastoral service by these ministers: S. V. Gerry, 1860; D. B. Holt, 1861, 1862, 1863; E. K. Colby, 1864, 1865; G. W. Ballon, 1866, 1867, 1868; W. Strout, 1869; T. Hillman, 1870; T. J. True, 1871, 1872; D. Perry, 1873; A. Hatch, 1874; L G. Sprague, 1875, 1876; F. Grovenor, 1877; L. B. Green, 1878, 1879; John Gibson, 1880, 1881; W. B. Bartlett, 1882; J. 1 By E. P. Crafts. 674 History of Androscoggin County. Moulton, 1883, 1884, 1885; VV. F. Beriy, 1886, 1887; G. G. Powers, 1888, 1889; F. W. Snell, 1890. Extensive revivals prevailed under the pastorates of Ballou, Sprague, and Grovenor. In 1878 between 30 and 40 members were dismissed and were organized into the M. E. Church of Turner. The society suffered a heavy loss in membership by the removal of the shoe business to Auburn. Beniah Mies, S. B. Skillings, E. P. Crafts, O. W. Bailey, S. Curtis, T. B. Verrill, and S. Hicks have served as class-leaders. The Sunday school has been a constant and increasing help in maintaining the means of grace. Daniel Cofifin, J. E. Ashe, D. H. Meserve, B. H. Howard, R. B. Howe, and E. P. Crafts have served as superintendents. Church of the Heavenly Best {Ujnscopal). — This parish was organized June 19, 1890, with Charles Bartlett as warden ; William Crawshaw, treasurer; Albert Duckworth, clerk. The parish hall was commenced in October, 1890, and used for service on the following Christmas day. The building is 28 by 60 feet, 13 feet posts, has a seating capacity of 200, and cost about -12,000. The lot is sufficiently large for a church and chapel, and is one of the pleasantest located church lots in the city. There are now, February, 1891, about 100 communicants connected with the parish, and this society will undoubtedly have a prosperous future. The Auhiirn Yoioir/ Mens Christian Association was organized April 12, 1867, in the vestry of the High Street Congregational Church, with Frank L. Dingley, president; N. I. Jordan, H. G. Garcelon, Charles W. Hill, A. K. P. Jordan, vice-presidents ; John S. Adams, secretary : J. W. Beede, cor. secretary; Frank Bartlett, treasurer; Reuel Hanscom, D. W. Wiggin, R. M. Jordan, Joseph Littlefield, W. L. Davis, Samuel Hicks, A. M. Pulsifer, John Pickard, directors; John Stinson, W. H. Moore, Geo. E. Strout, Moses Hanscom, I. A. Smith, P. M. Woodman, John Given, A. H. Trufant, R. F. Foss, J. R. Learned, John F. Cobb, Bennett Fuller, standing committee. May 27, a room was dedicated in Phoenix Block, and, in the fall, the association opened a library of 1,000 volumes, and in 1873 had increased to 2,000. In 1877 the association erected a -122,000 building. The last •tlO,000 of this was paid in 1890. It occupies on the second floor a pai-lor and prayer-room ; reading-room ; a library of 2,000 volumes ; gymnasium; bath-rooms, etc. Social and educational work is pursued in receptions, training class, practical talks, etc. In the religious department two meetings are sustained, at 9.30 a.m. and at 4 p.m. The average daily attendance at the -reading-room is 75. The officers of the association in 1890 were: John F. Cobb, president; H. P. Dorman, vice-president; J. W. Stetson, recording secretary; H. C. Day, treasurer; A. W. Barnard, physical director; H. M. Piper, assistant secretary and librarian;- J. R. Learned, Geo. P. Martin, J. W. Stetson, H. P. Dorman,^ H. M. Packard, C. T. Nevens, L. G. Lord, Ernest Rowe, C. W. Hill, J. F. Bowie, W. A. Robinson, A. K. P. Jordan, H. C. Day, A. W. Moulton, Geo. H. Brown, T. A. Huston, F. A. Haskell, Wm City of Auburn. 675 Hayes, I. N. Haskell, John Pickard, directors. The presidents have been P'rank L. Dingley, Dr Jackson, P. M. Jordan, R. W. Hanscom, Charles Hill, J. R. Learned, A. K. P. Jordan, J. B. Jordan, Geo. P. Martin, John Pickard, Andrew Cummings, Geo. H. Brown, William Hayes, William Robinson, Frank Haskell, B. S. Rideout, John F. Cobb; the general secretaries, F. W. (3ber, Edward Duryee, T. P. Day, H. C. Wilson, A. W. Barnard, E. T. Garland, 1891. iSrhooIs. — The children of the settlers received most of their schooling prior to 1826 in district and private schools. Orra Raynes (Mrs J. D. Davis), one of the first of the pnblic school teachers, still lives (1891) in Auburn at an advanced age. In 1826 tlie old red school-lionse, which stood until 1854, was built, near the old "clay bank" on Turner street, and served also as a church building until 1848. Robert Martin, Joseph, Sarah, and Mary Frye, and (Uiarles and Harriet Chase were among the earliest teachers here. In 1834 the Lewiston Falls Academy was incorporated. [See Danville.] In 1843 15 school districts were established by Enoch Littlefield and Thomas B. Little. In 1852 a brick school-house was built in the rear of the academy. It con- tained two school-rooms, one 36^ by 33i feet, the other 18 by 22^ feet, and cost •12,000. In 1856 Auburn schools had 1,207 scholars, and those of Danville 695. In 1867 there were these districts: Littlefield Mills, West Auburn, Haskell, Dinsmore, Dillingham, Plains, East Auburn, Emerson, North Auburn, Briggs, Woodman, Bradbury, and Gowell. District No. 9, known as the Village district, contained 782 of the 1,348 scholars in the town, and had primary and intermediate schools on Spring and Academy streets, and a })riinary school at the armory, besides the school in what had been until 1866 the Perry ville district. Danville had 12 school distiicts; 33 teachers were employed in Auburn and 17 in Danville during the year. The school com- mittee of iVuburn was J. W. Beede and M. D. Chaplin; of Danville, J. W. Peables, S. P. Rounds, and M. Woodbury. By the city charter of Auburn, granted in 1868, " all the power and authority now vested in the several school districts are vested in the city council." Charles K. Packard, Harrison O. Whitman, Addison Small, Frank L. Dingley, Nahum Morrill, J. W. Beede, Enos T. Luce, John F. Cobb, Isaac Rounds, and Liberty H. Hutchinson were elected a school committee. -110,000 was appropriated for schools and f|l,800 for repairs on school-houses. School- houses were built on Pine street for the primary department, at North Auburn for the grammar and primary, and in Woodman's, Danville Corner, and Dan- ville Junction districts. In 1871 school-houses were built in the Plains, Dillingham Hill, and Plummer districts, and in two districts formed by the consolidation of the Littlefield and Verrill and the Walker and Brick school- house districts. In 1874 a brick school-house — the Webster school building — was erected on the corner of Spring and School streets, at an expense of 118,000. In 1877 the city council provided free text-books. In 1882 a school 676 History of Androscoggin County. was established in North Perryville, and a school-house was built at Young's Corner. The handsome new building on Merrill Hill was finished and dedi- cated in 1890. There are now 32 schools : Webster Grammar, Lincoln Gram- mar, Webster Primary, Franklin Primary, Washburn Primary, Chamberlain Primary, Douglas Primary, North and West Auburn Grammar, West Auburn Primary, North Auburn Primary, Dillingham Hill, Plains, East Auburn, Per- kins's Ridge, Young's Corner, Mount Auburn Avenue, Woodman, Gowell, Stevens's Mills, Haskell's Corner, Littlefield, Marston's, Hotel Road, Danville Junction, Danville Corner, Eveleth, Plummer, Jordan, Crockett, Penley's, and Rowe's. 58 teachers were employed in 1889, and the total attendance was 1,801. The total value of school property in 1890 was '|>79,000 ; high school building and park, -f 30,000 ; grammar school building and lot, !|25,000 ; other city school buildings, 113,000; rural school buildings, #11,000. During the school year 1890-91 $4,615.98 was expended for the high school, and $21,725.05 for schools. 88 pupils were graduated from the grammar schools in June, 1891 — Webster 52, Lincoln 11, North and West Auburn 5, East Auburn 6, rural grammar schools 14. The superintendents of schools have been: A. M. Jackson, 1870 and 1871; Addison Small, 1875; G. T. Fletcher, 1883 and 1884; F. E. Burnette, 1885. From 1886 to 1889, Prof. W. W, Stetson was superintendent of city schools, and Nathaniel H. Woodbury of rural schools. In 1890 the last-mentioned office was abolished, and Professor Stetson assumed charge of all schools. When no superintendent's name appears in the above list, the duties were performed by the school committee. In the schools of Auburn an especial love of countr}^ is quickened by a study of the lives of famous Americans on the anniversaries of their birth, by the flags above the schools, and by the contribution of flowers to deck the soldiers' graves and participation in the memorial exercises on Decoration Day. In other places flags have been given to schools by friends or patriotic organizations, but Webster Grammar School was the first school in the United States to raise a flag paid for by the scholars. In the year ending March 1, 1891, the pupils of Douglas, North Auburn Grammar, East Auburn A^illage, West Auburn Primary, and Mt Auburn Avenue schools purchased handsome flags, and Franklin, Merrill, Chamberlain, Washburn, and Lincoln schools were presented flags by societies and indi- viduals. With such schools, bearing such rich fruit of intelligent patriotism, Auburn need have no fear of her future. Edward Little High School. For the generous conditions and history of the transfer of Edward Little Institute to the city, see Danville. These conditions were accepted January 31, 1874, and the transfer was soon effected. In November, 1883, the building was burned and the high school was main- tained in Auburn Hall until the present elegant edifice was completed in 1885. The building is one of the finest school buildings in the state. It is constructed City of Auburn. 677 of brick with granite trimmings, three stories and basement, 60 x 90 feet, with a semi-circular wing supporting the tower. The first floor contains assembly, recitation, and dressing rooms, and office; the second, recitation and apparatus rooms, laboratory, and library of over 1,000 volumes. The principals have been: George E. Gay, 1874 and 1875; Charles E. Fish, 1876, 1877, 1878, and part of 1879; John A. Morrill, spring term of 1879; J. W. V. Rich, 1879, 1880; George C. Purinton, 1881 and 1882; Dr D. O. S. Lowell, 1883; Charles H. Clark, 1884 and 1885; Prof. John F. Moody, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891. The present faculty (April, 1891,) is: Prof. John F. Moody, principal; Charles A. Washburn, 1st assistant ; Laura E. Mclntire, 2d assistant ; Helen Beede, 3d assistant; and Lulu H. Hutchins, 4th assistant. Professor Moody was born in Kingfield, Me. He fitted for college at Hebron Academy, and attended Colby University. Although his enlistment in the army prevented his completing his course, he has received degrees from Bowdoin and Colby. He has been a teacher since he was 14 years old and has taught over 100 terms of school. He was principal of Yarmouth Acadeni}^ two years, of Hebron Academy seven years, and of Bridgton Academy nine, coming to Auburn in 1886. Professor Moody is a thorough, careful, accurate student, and strives to cultivate in his pupils his own habits of patient and diligent study. His schools have been uniformly successful, and the men and women who have graduated from them have pleasant memories of their old instructor. Tlie Ladies' Charitahle Society was organized about 1875, to relieve the worthy poor. The organization was kept up by a faithful few, and, Novem- ber 8, 1886, as an outgrowth of -this body, ''The Auburn Home for Aged Women" was formed as a corporation. The officers then chosen were: Ara Cushman, president; Mrs Mary Bates Stevens, Mrs F. L. Dingley, vice- presidents; James Dingley, treasurer; Dr J. W. Beede, secretary and treasurer of the board of managers. This board was composed of Mrs F. M. Richards, Mrs A. Stinson, Mrs Abbie C. Libby, Mrs Julia W. Cushman, Mrs Sarah A. Hersey, Mrs Susan French, Mrs Mary F. Hill, Mrs George Jones, Mrs Esther C. Alden, Mrs B. H. Preble, Mrs Harriet C. Pulsifer, Dr B. F. Sturgis. The Auburn Art Club was organized March, 1880. Its original membership was twelve. Mrs Caroline W. D. Rich was its first president. It is a ladies' club for the study of art in the broad sense of the word. The membership is now fifty, to which number it is strictly limited. The club looks forward to possessing a building of its own. The Associated Charities of Auburn was incorporated November 25, 1889, with these corporators: J. W. Beede, Samuel F. Merrill, William Hayes, Ara Cushman, John N. Foster, Mrs A. C. Libby, Mrs D. O. Richards, Mrs Rhoda A. Pratt, Mrs Harriet C. Pulsifer, Mrs Louisa A. Wagg, and Nathan W. Harris, and was organized to relieve the worthy poor by securing harmonious and intelligent action by the different charities of Auburn ; to prevent begging 678 History of Androscoggin County. and imposture; to enconi-age self-dependence and industry through friendly advice and sympathy ; to prevent children from growing up paupers ; to aid in the diffusion of knowledge on subjects connected with the relief of the poor. It is doing a noble work. Auburn Public Librari). — Auburn is indebted for the public library, which was recently added to its educational institutions, to the energy and progres- sive spirit of her Board of Trade. In an interview published in the local newspaper and at a meeting of the Board the claims of a public library were presented for the consideration of the citizens of Auburn by Prof. W. W. Stetson. The discussion of this matter bore fruit at a meeting of that organization held July 1, 1890, when VV. W. Stetson, Thomas E. Calvert, Henry W. Cakes, H. W. Merrill, and Charles E. Wing were appointed a com- mittee on public library. October 10 the committee submitted an exhaustive report, recommending the appointment of a committee to effect an incorpora- tion, and to raise the funds to equip and maintain a ''working" public library. There were 51 corporators (ladies and gentlemen), and the organization was effected October 27, when the name '■'•Auburn Public Library Association'''' was adopted. Ara Cushman was chosen president, but resigned, and S. F. Merrill was elected; George H. Brown, C. S. Yeaton, vice-presidents; Nathan W. Harris, treasurer; J. W. Mitchell, clerk; and W. W. Stetson, John A. Morrill, A. M. Pulsifer, (jeorge P. Martin, S. F. Merrill, J. W. Beede, trustees. By-laws were adopted, providing that any person might become a life member, entitled to a vote at all meetings, and eligible to any office, and to the use of the library for himself and family, on payment of -125, or of |15 and $1 per year; or a member for one year for i3, or be entitled to the use of the library for one year for -11 ; and that any person donating 1500 might name an alcove in the library. Committees were appointed to secure the necessary funds by subscription. Mrs Angela Smith Whitman, already well known by her liberal endowment of the Old Ladies' Home, was the first contributor, requesting that her $500 should be expended upon books on reform and social science. 1500 donations were also made by Ara Cushmaii, Samuel F. Merrill, W. W. Stetson, Frank L. Dingley, Burnside Post, G. A. R., Auburn W. C. T. U., Auburn Art Club, and Charles L. Cushman, Murray B. Watson, George E. Davis, and H. W. Merrill, jointly. Mr and Mrs Charles Clark contributed 1200, and each of the following subscribed |100 : Dr J. W. Beede, Jonas Edwards, Oscar Holway, George P. Martin, L. Linn Small, B. F. & F. H. Briggs, H. G. Foss, and Mrs W. W. Stetson. The Franklin Company donated a lot valued at -15,000, which, with the cash subscriptions, brought the assets nearly to 113,000. About 450 different persons showed their interest in this worthy cause by joining the association and subscribing for its endowment and support. When the canvass was completed a committee of the trustees was appointed to prepare lists of books for the library, which was located over City of Auburn. 679 the banking-rooms of Auburn Trust Company on Court street. The system of cataloguing used is the Dewe}^ system, Miss Annie Prescott, the librarian, having made that a study. The library opened to the public August 11, 1891. The report of the committee, which formed the basis of the action of the asso- ciation, recommended that the funds should be used to equip a working library with the best books of reference and standard works in every branch of literature. Fiction and light literature are represented by the best writers, but especial attention has been given to science, history, belles-lettres^ biography, juvenile works, and social science. An accomplished scholar and librarian of large experience says of the Auburn Public Library, that it would be impossible to find a more useful or more carefully selected one of its size (about 3,500 volumes) in the country. A free reading-room, supplied with leading mag- azines and newspapers is connected with the library. James Gojf' was born in St John, N. B., in 1760, and was impressed at Boston by a British frigate, from which he escaped in the West Indies. He enlisted in the American army in 1776, and was "entitled to wear a medal for seven years' honest service." He married Anna Stubbs, of Falmouth, about 1785, and located first on Goff's hill, in Minot, and later settled between Lake street and Merrill hill. P'or many years he was "fugleman" in militia trainings and musters. He died aged nearly 99. James G-off, Jr, born in 1797, was a trader in 1821 at Stevens's Mills, in 1823 moved to Goff's Corner and was the leading trader until 1852. In 1824 he bought the land on Court street from Auburn Hall to Main street, and fronting 102 feet on Main street, for 'f 137. He was postmaster for 15 years, and was representative from Minot when Auburn was incor[)orated and gave the name to the town. He built the residence now occupied by Dana Goff in 1854. In the fii'e of 1855 he lost six stores and two houses. He became a large owner of property now very valuable, owning a tier of lots on the east side of Goff street, and from the west side of Goff street, north of Court, all the territory over Goff's hill, including Highland avenue. Western promenade, and Lake street. He also owned the south side of Court street from Atwood & Lowell's store to the woods opposite his residence. He died July 15, 1872. His children are Dana, Horace, Julia A. (Mrs A. K. P. Welch), Sewell, and Charles. Daiiiel Briggs came from Taunton to New Gloucester in 1777, the same year made a home in 4'urner. In 1785 Daniel, Jr, (born 1764, died 1839,) came to Minot and took up a 200 acre lot (9 on Bullen's plan). He married, first, Betsey Bradford; second, in 1817, Mary Milliken. His children settled in Auburn, Turner, Lewiston, and Livermore. They were Charles, Lurana (m. Calvin Gorham), Tiley (m. Abijah Gorham), Betsey (m. Nathan Reynolds), Daniel, Rizpah (m. Galen Jones), Serena, Chandler, Jennet (m. Nathaniel Drake), Roxana (m. Stephen Packard), Hiram C, Ann H. Hiram C. Briggs, 680 History of Androscoggin County. the sole survivor of the children, married, first, Hannah G. Alden. Children: Benjamin F. and Alden G.; second, Semira Briggs. Children: Daniel, Ansel, Betsey married J. Wealey Richer. Their children are Daniel Wesley and William Briggs. Mr Ricker is son of Joseph and Eliza (Walker) Bicker, and a descendant from early settlers of Poland. He is a Republican, and has been a member of the common council and of the board of aldermen, and a useful member of the school committee. August 23, 1861, he enlisted in Co. C, 8th Me, and served three years. In 1881 he located upon the farm in East Auburn, and makes a specialty of dairying. In 1800 he made and sold 4,152 pounds of butter. He is lecturer of Auburn Grange, No. 4, P. of H. Benjamin F. Briygs married Sarah, daughter of Harvey and Mary (Johnson) Dillingham. He is prominent in affairs, and, with his son, Frank H., conducts the famous Maple Grove stock farm. WiUiam Briyus., born in 1743, in Massachusetts, came in May, 1797, to East Auburn, bringing -$2,000 in silver in a bread trough. He settled on the place now owned by Royal J. Bradbury, and died February 2, 1820. His children were: William., wlio came here before 179(3, and cleared and lived on the city farm. He died June 18, 1855, aged 85. Of his three children, Mrs Hiram C. Briggs is the only survivor; Nathan settled where his son, Darius, lives, and built the brick house in 1826; Geonje has descendants here; Jolm married Esther Allen, died in 1853 aged 68. His farm is now the stock farm of B. F. Briggs; Daniel married Rhoda Larrabee, and succeeded to the home- stead. He died October 29, 1862. He taught the first school in East Auburn, was a Baptist deacon, a Whig, and held many town offices. John Calvin Briggs, the venerable genealogist of East Auburn, is his son. John Dinyley, a blacksmith, came from England in 1637 to Lynn, Mass. Removing to Sandwich on Cape Cod, in 1640 he made his home and was granted a lot of land in Marshfield. Jacob,^ son of John,' had a son, John,^ born 1670, from whom descend the Dingleys of America. John^ m. Sarah Porter, 1702, and had two sons, Jacob* (born 1703) and John. Jacob* m. Maiy Holmes and had three sons, Abner, Jacob ^ (born 1727) and Joseph. Jacob ^ m. Desire Phillips and had several children. The oldest son, William,^ (born 1749) m. Sarah Jordan and came about 1773 from Duxbury to Cape P^lizabeth. In 1793 he took up a farm on the Androscoggin in the southeast part of Danville and gave his name to Dingley's Ferry. Here he died in September, 1812. His children were Jeremiah, William, Abigail (m. James Jordan), Polly (m. Samuel Wagg), Lucy (m. John Penley), Esther (m. David Crockett), and Sarah and Susannah (who, in succession, ra. Matthias Vickery). Jeremiah' m. Lucy Garcelon and had ten children: Jordan, Julia (Mrs Socrates Dow), Nelson, James, William. Nancy (Mrs Wm Brewster), Lucy (Mrs Isaac Lambert), Jeremiah, Sarah E., Susan G. (Mrs Cornelius Stackpole). He married in 1837 a second wife, Mrs Secomb Jordan, and moved to Durham. City of Auburn. 681 He died iu Auburn in 1869. Nelson^ (born 1809) married Jane, daughter of Isaac and Mary (Strout) Lambert in 1831 and now resides in Auburn. His sons are Nelson, Jr, and Frank L. Moses Crafts, of Newton, Mass., in 1630, was the ancestor of the Crafts. A descendant, John Staples Crafts, was a physician in North l^ridge water, and late in life came to Minot, and died Ma}' 6, 1816. His sons were Thomas, Samuel, John, Moses, Zibeon, Edward. Edward late in life located in West Auburn, and bequeathed •ii'10,000 to charitable objects. Moses and Zibeon settled at West Auburn, where the}' lived to old age. Martin, son of Moses, lived in West Auburn and had a large family. Zibeon had sons, Caleb, Zibeon, and Frederic. Their descendants are residents in this section. Moses, son of Martin, died in Auburn in 1887; he was a shoe manufacturer, but for 'several years had devoted his time to his farm, where he built a fine residence. NatJian Haskell, of Welsh ancestry, came from Gloucester to New Gloucester in the last half of the eighteenth century. He had 14 children. Nathan, the eldest son, was a farmer in the Merrill Hill school district in Auburn; Harry L. Haskell, of Auburn, is a grandson. Deacon Samuel Haskell settled near Danville Corner, and lived there nearly 50 years. S. F. Haskell and D. W. Verrill, of Auburn, are his grandsons. Isaiah Haskell was born in New Gloucester in 1786. Before 1805 he settled on the Nathan W. Harris farm, where he lived over 50 years. He married, in 1835, Sarah Chandler, born in Yarmouth in 1800. Their son, Joseph C. Haskell, has been in the book and stationery business in Auburn for many years, and has held various official positions. Capt. Aaron Bird, born in 175(5, came from Dorchester, Mass., about 1800, and settled on Bird hill, and built a large two-story, flat-roofed mansion, which stood until 1876. His wife was Joanna Glover, of Marblehead, Mass. Capt. Bird died December 12, 1822. His son. Royal Bird, born in 1799, married Polly lieynolds, a daughter of Deacon Ichabod Reynolds, who, with his wife, Polly (Brett) Reynolds, came from Bridgewater, Mass., and settled on Briggs's hill. Royal settled in Windsor, soon after his marriage, where his children, Charles, Mary Brett (married Phillips Bradford), and Edward W. were born. Becoming hopelessly ill, lioyal returned to Auburn, and died March 25, 1827. Col JVathatiiel Lowe I)i(/ersoll, born at New Gloucester, May 10, 1790, came to Danville Corner in 1814 and opened a store. He married (1) Anna, daughter of Andrew R. Giddinge. Children : Ann E., Sarah H., Caroline G., Nathaniel L., John H., Hannah. (2) Nancy, daughter of Nathaniel Clark (who came from Limington in 1837, and bought the Giddinge farm). Chil- dren : Abby C. (Mrs Elkanah Walker), Harriet W. (telegraph operator at Danville Junction). Col IngersoU was postmaster 24 years, representative several terms, selectman, and deputy-sheriff, a Democrat in politics, and an original member of the Danville Congregational Church. He died June 4, gg2 History of Androscoggin County. 1870. John H. Inf/ersoU nianied Hannah, daughter of George Emerson. Children : Anna, Sarah E., Grace, George E., Adelaide W., Hattie M., Edith M. Mr Ingersoll was a successful teacher, but for several years has been in railroad business. Two of his daughters are successful teachers. Lahmi Lorhif/, of Hinghani, was the first hatter in the Kennebec valley, and a merchant of Bath for years. In May, 1822, he purchased a farm of 175 acres in Danville, and built the house used for a tavern for many years, and now the residence of David R. Loring. He was a man of influence and a deacon of the Congregational church at Danville Corner. He died, June 20, 1844, aged 77. Children : David R., Samuel P., Lydia, Susan (Mrs Samuel Pickard). David R. Loring was born in Bath, November 22, 1797, followed the sea in his youth, and then came into possession of the homestead. He married, June 11, 1833, Sarah, daughter of Deacon John Hayes, of Yarmouth, a lady of marked amiability and Christian character, who died July 8, 1890, in her 87th year. Mr Loring, although at the venerable age of 94, looks upon the world with a cheerful face, has a kind word for all, and is a much-respected citizen. His children were Charles P., who graduated from Bowdoin in 1859, from a New York medical college in 18(32, and located in Providence as a physician. He died in 1877, aged 42 years; Mary J. married, first, Dr A. B. Foster, a native of Livermore. Dr Foster practiced many years in Providence, where he died in December, 1885. His worthy traits of character, genial disposition, and great professional skill won him lasting friends. About 1875 he purchased a farm in Auburn and passed his summers here. He was the first in this vicinity, and it is said in the state, to introduce ensilage and build a silo. Mrs Foster married, second, in October, 1890, John F. Cobb ; Susan, (dec); Annie S., (dec). Col Isaac Allen, son of John Allen, an early settler of Turner [see page 516], located in Auburn early. He married Mary Allen; their son, Fred A. Allen, was born at Auburn Plains, February 20, 1883. He fitted for college at Hebron Academy and attended Maine State Seminary, but, his health failing, he left school and became a farmer and a school teacher and has taught over 50 terms of district and grammar schools, mostly in Auburn and Turner. He is a Democrat, and has been a member of the school committee and board of assessors of Auburn, and two years an alderman from Ward 1. He is a member of the Grange and was elected overseer when only three months a member, was master of his lodge for several years, master of the County Grange two years, and has been secretary of the State Grange since 1885, and secretary of the Patrons' Androscoggin Mutual Fire Insurance Company since its organization. He is postmaster at Auburn Plains. He married Emily, daughter of Capt. John Townsend, May 20, 1859. His son, Wilfred C, is a farmer on the home farm. City of Auburn. 688 Col Tliomas Littlefield was born in Minot, August 15, 1818, and died in Auburn, April 2, 1889. He was clerk and in the lumber business at Stevens Mills until he was of age, and for five years after lived at the old tavern kept by his parents at Littlefield's Corner. Mr Littlefield soon enlisted in the Maine militia and was made ensign in 1838, and rapidly promoted to captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, colonel, adjutant, becoming major-general in 1851. His strong common sense, practical judgment, and business ability brought him continuously into public life, where he made an honorable record. He was state senator from Cumberland county in 1851 and 1852; represented Auburn in the legislature several times; was selectman 14 years; was chosen the first mayor of the city in 1869, and also elected in 1871, 1872, 1873, 1871, 1879, and 1880; was assessor, and an overseer of the poor for 19 years; jailer until 1883; deputy sheriff from 1857 to 1872, when he was elected sheriff ; he was four times re-elected, and was instrumental in shaping most of the early measures on which the prosperity of Auburn is founded. Possessing a strong, brusque individuality, with uncommon energy and intense local attachment, Colonel Littlefield was one whose influence will be long felt. His wife, Laura, daughter of Jacob H. and :\Iary (Goff) Read, and four children survive him. Robert Martin, who died June 15, 1885, aged 85, was son of John Martin, who came from New Gloucester to Danville in 1809. He taught 54 terms of school, was much in office in Danville, Poland, and Auburn, from 1856 to 1863 was on the State Board of Agriculture, from 1863 to 1869 county com- missioner, from 1878 to 1885 customs officer at Danville Junction. In 1849 he was representative from Poland, and for many years his influence was great in state legislation and county affairs. He was an active Free Mason. Nod B. Potter, county ti'easurer, was born in Webster, January 13, 1859. Graduating at the Maine Central Listitute at Pittsfield, he became a teacher, and later supervisor of schools in Webster. From 1882 to 1886 he was Governor Robie's private secretary. Li 1886 he was elected county treasurer and has held that office by re-elections to the present. He is secretary and treasurer of Androscoggin County Republican Committee, and is an aid-de- camp of Governor Burleigh, with rank of lieutenant-colonel. John F. Lamb, sheriff, was a soldier in the 13th Maine during the Civil War and has since been prominent in G. A. R. circles. He was a charter member of Kimball Post, Livermore Falls, its second commander, twice a member of the Council of Administration of the Department of Maine, and has been Senior Vice Commander. E'rom 1880 till his election as sheriff in 1888 he resided in Livermore Falls, where he was a trader. He is a "model officer." jSilas Sprague, register of deeds, was born in Greene in 1826. He attended the common schools and Monmouth Academy, became an eminently successful teacher for many years, represented Greene in 1859 and 1860, and has held his present office by successive re-elections since January 1, 1868. 684 History of Androscoggin County. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ARA CUSHMAN. ARA CUSHMAN, son of Ara and Esther (Merrill) Cushnian, was born at Woodman hill in Minot, Me, April 30, 1829, and is a descendant in the eighth generation of Robert Cushnian, who was prominent in securing the charter for the Plymouth Colony and the charter for the first permanent settlement in Massachusetts Bay colony. Robert came to Ameiica in the ship Fortune in 1621, but soon returned to England as agent of the colony, leaving his son Thomas in the care of his "intimate friend," Governor William Bradford. Thomas married Mary Allerton, a passenger on the Mayflower, and on the death of William Brewster was elected one of the elders of the Plymouth church. Springing from such ancestors, and inheriting much of their strength of purpose and individuality of character, it is easy to understand how Ara Cushman won his large success in business and developed the ability and the qualities that have made him an acknowledged authority in financial circles, and a controlling force in so many of the movements that make the progress of the world [)Ossible. Mr Cushman [)assed his early life on liis father's farm in Minot, making the best use of the slender op[)ortunities afforded by the district school for acquiring an education. Later, attendance upon the Lewiston Falls and Gorham academies gave him a taste of and a love for those studies which have occupied so much of his later life, and the mastery of which vindicates the theory that a liberal education is not dependent upon college halls or learned professors, and proves that the work of the student and the attainments of the scholar help rather than embarrass the busiest of bus}' men. At the age of 19 he taught with acceptance a district scliool for several terms, and shortly afterward entered upon the work which has been his occupation up to the present time, that of a shoe manufacturer. He was one of the pioneers in Maine in the manufacture of the finer grade of boots and shoes. His primi- tive little shop at West Minot, if standing, would form a striking contrast to the extensive factories occupied by the Ara Cushman Company of to-day. It was a square-roofed, one-story building, less than twenty feet square, locally known as the "tea-can." For some months he worked alone, cutting his leather and making the shoes which he sold to the retail dealers in Cumber- land and Kennebec counties from the wagon which he drove through the country. His work met with such favor that his business steadily increased till, in 1855, a larger building was required, and it became necessary for Mr Cushman to devote his entire time to the superintendence of a business which employed about 25 jjcrsons. In 1859 he found it necessary to again increase his i)lant, and erected a large two-story factory which he occupied until 1863, City of Auburn. 685 when the business so modestly begun had outgrown the hamlet in which it had been nurtured, and was transplanted to Auburn, where better facilities for manufacturing and shipping could be found. Here, as Ara Cushnian & Co., and later as the incorporated Ara CUishman Company, under the vigilant and intelligent direction of its projector, the business has attained the proud posi- tion of one of the largest manufacturing establishments of its kind in New England and, hence, in the world. Large as the business has been, and exacting as its claims are upon its principal manager, yet his connection with other enterprises is extensive enough to occupy the entire time and strength of most men. He was one of the founders of the National Shoe and Leather Bank, of Auburn, and has been its president from its organization. He is president of the J. M. iVrnold Shoe Company, of Bangor, and a director in the A. H. Berry Shoe Company, of Portland, the Auburn Loan and Building Association, the Auburn Land Company, Auburn Trust Company, beside being president of the Auburn Board of Trade, the Old Ladies' Home, and trustee in institutions too numerous to mention. He gives to all of these not the time that can be culled from his regular work but the attention needed to promote their best interests and highest prosperity. Mr Cushman has always held to the faith professed by the Universalist denomination, and the erection of the beautiful Elm Street Church in Auburn was largely due to his active beneficence. His relation to other institutions of the church in New England are very intimate and his interest in them is felt to a greater extent than it is seen. He was for four years president of the Universalist State Convention, and is one of the largest owners in its denom- inational paper. He is a thorough-going temperance man, and heartily in sympathy with all measures looking toward the suppression of the sale of intoxicating liquors. He was president of the Law and Order League during its days of activity, and is always ready to bear his part of the burden placed on the shoulders of .all good citizens by the struggle that virtue wages against vice. He is a Republican in faith, but not a partisan in practice. He accepts the general ^)rinciples of the party, but reserves the right to refuse to vote for candidates that he knows to be unfit for the position for which the " machine " has named them. Holding and acting upon such views usually excludes such men from offices that are dependent upon popular elections. The esteem in which Mr Cushman is held by his fellow-townsmen cannot be more clearly indicated than by the fact that he represented his city in the state legislature in 1873-4, has been a delegate to many important conventions, and would be elected b}^ a practically unanimous vote to any office in the gift of the city which he would indicate his willingness to accept. Mr Cushman has given much study to the questions that involve the relations that exist between employers and employes. He has written several pamphlets that have 686 History of Androscoggin County. attracted wide attention and favorable comment by advanced thinkers. Ingen- ious theories are interesting reading to philosophers, but practical demonstra- tions are the things that are demanded by those whose conditions form the problems that are the terror of the monopolist and the burden of the humanitarian capitalist. The many calls made on Mr Cushman for addresses indicates the esteem in which he is held as a public speaker by the associations and societies with which he is more or less directly connected. His speeches are characterized by close thinking, felicitious diction, and firm grasp of the subject treated. But few laymen can more completely control or more powerfully influence an intelligent audience, when he is stirred by the impressiveness of a great theme. As a presiding officer he has but few peers. As toast-master at banquets he is at his best, and the apt quotation and sparkling wit give that tone and zest to the occasion that only a genius for such duties can yield. He was the first of the shoe manufacturers in New England to adopt a scheme of profit- sharing. Like everything else that he does it was done in his own way, after an exhaustive study of all the conditions by which he was surrounded. To devise a plan that will harmonize all the relations of a capitalist, employer, and employe, and do full justice to each, would be to answer the prayer of all lovers of his kind. To say that Mr Cushman has not accomplished this work is to say that he is human. To say that he has put in successful operation a scheme that ensures to the capital invested a sure return, leaves the manage- ment of the business in the hands of those who have demonstrated their fitness to conduct it, and guarantees to every employe full compensation for all his labor and faithfulness, and makes him such a partner as will render him financially benefited by every dollar that the concern earns, is to state simply an accomplished fact. To make each individual connected with a large manu- facturing establishment feel that he is interested in its welfare, that he is to be helped by its success or injured by its failure ; that his intelligence, integ- rity, and endeavor are necessary elements in the accomplishment of the work that is to be done, is to make men and women of what is, in too many instances, converted into irresponsible machines. He who makes the shop a means of moral and intellectual grace to those who must do its drudgery, has done much to hasten the good time when life shall be worth the living in its largest sense. It is a significant fact and strictly characteristic of the man that Mr Cushman has never been a member of any of the organizations formed by manufacturers to combat the demands of operatives. The much that Mr Cushman has done for himself indicates to some extent what he is doing for others. He is never too busy to help by his presence, purse, and effort, the Sunday school, the literary club, the library association, the public schools, the social gathering, the temperance meeting, and any and all agencies that help to correct the evil and advance the good in society. A City of Auburn. 687 room lined with books does not constitute a library. The blind reading of every volume that fills the shelves does not indicate a student. The absorp- tion of all the facts found in all these tomes does not produce a scholar. Mr Cushman has accumulated one of the largest and best selected private libraries in the state, that he might possess the garnered wisdom of the ages; he has studied these volumes that he might become imbued with the spirit that inspired the great thinkers, and they are his greatest source of pleasure because from them he gathers that which feeds the strongest craving of his nature. While his vocation is making shoes, his avocation is the work of the lover of books. Firmly as he believes in the dignity and usefulness of the former, yet vastly more helpful and ennobling does he consider the latter. Great as has been his success in business, still more marked are his attainments in his chosen field. Extended as are his interests in commercial circlSs, yet more potent has been his influence in impelling those with whom he is associated to make the most of the best that is in them. He has demonstrated that absorbing business cares do not prevent or delay the full development of those qualities and powers which characterize the man of refined sensibilities and broad and rich intelligence. His appreciation of the best in literature is manifest in the apt quotations that spring spontaneously at the slightest suggestion, the hearty relish with which he discusses his favorite authors, and the wholesome influence of the great poets on his estimate of life and its work. When 3^ears and their hard experience fail to harden a man, when the end of the third score finds him mellow and believing that the evil in life and nature are to be subdued and that the good is to reign supreme, that the soul and mind are the nobler parts of man, and that to their training our best thoughts and endeavors should be given, do we realize that the springs of such a life must be deeper than sordid desires and selfish hopes. Some one has said of a great journalist what applies with equal force to Mr Cushman, that whatever he says is what he thoroughly believes and every one feels behind what is said or done the throbbing of an honest heart, which has room for every good cause, however unpopular it may be. He believes that life is meant to be cumulative; that we should go on adding strength to strength, experience to experience, service to service, each succeeding stage contributing its own special accession until old age has become the fruitful harvest of October and not the bleak barrenness of December. At 61 years of age, Mr Cushman stands at the helm, guiding with steady hand the vast interests of a rapidly-growing business, holding broad and well- balanced views of life and its varied and often conflicting duties, possessing the fine instincts of the scholar and the rare qualities of the student, and is so filling his place in the world that his work is a blessing and his life an inspira- tion. Mr Cushman married, June 21, 1853, Julia W., daughter of Captain Thomas and Sally W. (Sawyer) Morse, of Gray. They have two children, 688 History of Androscoggin County. Charles L., vice-president and general superintendent of the manufacturing department of the Ara Cushman Company, and Ara, Jr, who is at present a student at Tufts College. Mrs Cushman is an earnest Christian lady, who fills her place in church and society with grace and dignity, and she possesses those qualities which render her home happy and attractive, and joins Mr Cushman in dispensing a generous hospitality. Their home — a pleasant mansion — occupies one of the finest sites in the city. WILLIAM WALLACE STETSON, PH.D. The progenitor of, the Stetson family in America was Robert Stetson, known as Cornet Stetson. (He was a cornet of the first light-horse troops raised in the colony.) Tradition says that he came from Kent County, England. He settled in Scituate, Mass., in 1634, and became one of the prominent and valued men of the Plymouth colony. He was a deputy to the General Court for 17 years ; in 1660, and for several years after, he was commissioner to act for the country in all matters relating to the trade at Kennebec; he was a member of the council of war for 20 years; in 1667 he was appointed by the colony to visit King Philip "in behalf of the country"; in 1668 he was commissioned to purchase a tract of land for the use of the colony. His services were important, he received many grants of land, and became a wealthy and extensive land-holder. He died February 1, 1702 or 1703, aged 90. He was a man of remarkable courage, and highly esteemed. He lived long and left a good name, and has many descendants, worthy scions of such a stock. The family in England was granted a coat of arms with the motto, " Virtus 7whilitat onmia.'''' Professor William Wallace Stetson is a lineal descendant of Robert Stetson [see page 519], the line being Robert,^ Joseph,^ Robert,^ Robert/ Bacheler,^ Turner,*^ Reuben,'^ William W." Mr Stetson was born June 17, 1849, at Greene, and passed his early life on the home farm, where he attended the district school. He completed his education at Monmouth Academy and the Edward Little Institute and at Monmouth College, Illinois. He began teaching at the age of fifteen, and has taught some part of every year since. He commenced in the district schools of Maine, and in 1868 went to Illinois, where he taught in district, normal, and high schools, and finally attained to the position of superintendent of schools. While a teacher in the high schools of Illinois he fitted pupils who have taken honors at Cornell, Harvard, Evanston, and Ann Arbor, in mathematics, the languages, literature, and history. In 1884 he returned to Maine, and in March, 1885, took charge of the Auburn schools, which position he still fills. As a superintendent of schools he enjoys an enviable reputation for executive ability, a broad grasp of what should be taught, and great fertility in devising methods of instruction. He is noted for not only being abreast of the times on educational subjects, but as an City of Auburn. 689 explorer in new fields. His annual reports, in which he has elaborated his theory of education,- have received the hearty endorsements of leading edu- cators. In the line of school work Mr Stetson always has been prominently connected with educational associations. In Illinois he served as an officer in the Principals' Association, and in the State Teachers' Association, and was especially instrumental in founding the Northern Illinois State Teachers' Association, and was its president for several terms. He is a director in the American Institute of Instruction, and in his connection with the National Teachers' Association has served on important committees. He has been actively connected with the Maine Pedagogical Society. He was its president in 1890-91, when the largest meeting in its history was held at Waterville. He is also an active member and constant worker in the County Institutes of the state. Though his school work makes up a busy and useful life, his more than ordinary energy lead him, upon taking up his residence in Auburn, to ally himself with every effort to increase the prosperity of that city and his efforts have materially aided in the advancement of many important organizations. He was especially prominent in the founding of the Building and Loan Associa- tion, having charge of the meetings which led to its existence, and being made one of its first board of directors, which office he still holds. He is president of the Androscoggin Land Company, and has been one of its directors from its first organization. Lie was one of the principal movers in the purchase of the Leivisfon Grazefte and its removal to Auburn, and he is a director and the treasurer of the Auburn Gazette Company. He was one of the corporators and is secretary and treasurer of the Androscoggin Trust Company of Lew- iston. It was a suggestion made by him to a newspaper reporter that kindled the flame of enthusias)n for a public library. Later, he brought the subject before the Board of Trade and was made chairman of the committee of the Board of Trade on library, and it is largely through his persistent efforts that the idea has become substantially realized and its success assured. He was one of its corporators and was elected one of the trustees. Every city owes mucli of its prosperity, activity, and progressiveness to a few wide-awake, public-spirited citizens. Foremost among such men in the city of Auburn stands Mr Stetson. He not only in a marked degree is public-spirited, but also possesses the abilities and push that make him a leading spirit. His readi- ness to undertake and carry out enterprises of which he sees the value and his systematic business methods constitute the genius for organization which he has so clearly shown in his work in Auburn. In his chosen vocation of teaching he is eminently successful. His knowl- edge of the characters of his pupils, his tact in managing them, his sympathy with their innocent and mischievous pranks, and his readiness to forgive any infraction of the rules not dictated by intentional disrespect and malice, endear 690 History of Androscoggin County. him to his scholars and make them willing to work with redoubled vigor to gain his approbation. In the recitation room the interest he takes in the progress of the class, his varied knowledge and clearness of explanation make him remarkably successful in stimulating the faculties of even the dullest student. Possessed of intense patriotism himself, he tries especially to arouse that feeling in his scholars; to what degree he has succeeded may be judged by the significant fact that the national flag waving above the Webster school building in Auburn was purchased by the pupils, and was the first flag to float over a school building in New England. He was the first, and is one of the most enthusiastic members of the "Honorary Reserves," and is always ready to use his time, talent, and means to promote its welfare. Mr Stetson is a writer and public speaker. He has contributed extensively to educational publications and has been chosen lecturer before the Chau- tauqua Assembly at Fryeburg. His writing is characterized by his ability to grasp a subject with ease, to express his ideas with clearness, yet in a terse and striking manner, while a fine presence and a magnetic voice add much to his delivery. In speaking without notes he is more apt to be brief and pungent than in his more carefully prepared speeches. He is a constant stu- dent of history, philosophy, and literature, and to these subjects he has devoted the most of a fine private library. From his interest in these branches he has always made it a point to belong to a history and a literary club, and he has formed several of these organizations. He also organized the two largest Chautauqua clubs in Maine, and is one of the officers of the Maine Chautauqua Union. He was appointed by Bishop Vincent the first General Councilor of the Maine Chautauqua Teachers' Reading Union, a department of Chau- tauqua with which he has been actively identified from its organization as a section of the Chautauqua University. In belief Mr Stetson is a Congrega- tionalist. He is a man of strong personality, warm heart, and generous impulses, and out of the strength of his own manhood impresses himself on those with whom he comes in contact. His home on Minot avenue is one of the notable residences of the city, and is surrounded by handsome and well- kept grounds. Mr Stetson married, July 4, 1871, Miss R. Jennie Killough, of Morning Sun, Iowa. Mrs Stetson is a lady of education and refinement and active in literary and philanthropic work. City of Auburn. 690 a HON. A. M. PENLEY. Albert 31an('hester Penlei/, son of Captain John and Julia (Wagg) Penley, was born in Danville, July 22, 1847. He is a descendant of one of the oldest families of Danville (see page 714), and is fourth of the five children of his parents and the seventeenth child of his father. His brother and sisters are Louisa V. m. Asa Garcelon, Hattie E. m. S. T. Davis, Caroline M. ra. J. W. Peables, and Winfield S. The strong physique inherited by Mr Penley from a hardy ancestry was strengthened by active life on the home farm until he was 25 years of age, except the time passed in attending Edward Little Institute and Maine State Seminary, where he was educated. After his school life, he taught two years, then carried on the farm until January 1, 1874, when he purchased the intei'est of L. F. Chase in the mercantile house of Chase & Peables and formed the firm of Peables & Penley, which continued until Mr Penley retired, January 1, 1883. The next September he began merchandising in liis own name at 98 Main street, where he is now in trade. Mr Penley has been a director of the Auburn Foundrj^ Co. from 1883, and its president since September, 1890, a director of Auburn Loan and Building Association since its organization, a director and the treasurer of Androscoggin Land Associa- tion since its formation in 1887, a director of the Auburn & Lewiston Railroad since 1887, and a director and the president of the Penley Cemetery Corpora- tion, organized in 1889. Mr Penley is an ardent Republican, and has been honored with many official positions. He was warden of ward 4 of Auburn from 1872 to 1874, in 1880 and 1882 was chosen member of the common council, in 1884 was elected alderman, and was elected mayor in 1887 and re-elected in 1888. Li 1883 he was chosen member of the Republican city committee and was its chairman in the important campaign of 1884. From 1883 to 1885 he was overseer of the poor, and in 1889 was chosen to fill a vacanc}^ in that office until 1891, when he was elected for three years. In 1890 he was chosen one of the superintend- ing school committee of Auburn, and also one of its representatives to the legislature. He has ever been a popular candidate, polling complimentary votes. Mr Penley is prominently connected with brotherhood associations; is a Knight of Pythias; a Knight of Honor since 1877, he was grand dictator of the order in Maine in 1885, and a member of the Supreme Lodge in 1886 and 1887. He joined Tranquil Lodge of Free Masons in 1873; in 1874 King Hiram Chapter, Dunlap Council, and Lewiston Commandery ; in 1880 Lewiston Lodge of Perfection; in 1881 Portland Council of Princes of Jerusalem, Dunlap Chapter Rose Croix, and Maine Consistory, S. P. R. C; in 1888 received the 33d and highest degree in Masonry, creating him sovereign grand inspector-general of the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction. In 1875 he assisted in organizing Ancient Brothers Lodge, and was its master from 1876 to 1878. 690 b History of Androscoggin County. He was high priest of Bradford Chapter in 1878-9, thrice illustrious master of Dunlap Council from 1880 to 1882, commander of Lewiston Commandery from 1882 to 1884, and thrice potent grand master of Lewiston Lodge of Perfection from 1887 to 1889. Mr Pauley married at Deering, October 18, 1875, Georgia A., daughter of Jonathan and Mary (Fickett) Pennell, of that town. Children: Georgia Maryett, John Albert, Julia Lida. He has always resided in "Old Danville," and in 1890 built one of the handsome residences of Auburn, on the corner of Main and Elm streets. Mr Penley possesses a combination of business quali- ties to bring success; he is quick in adapting himself to circumstances and makes decisions rapidly, but has a conservative caution that stands him in good stead; he is public spirited, and in everything to promote the interests of Auburn or the public he is a generous giver ; he has a large circle of friends and the power of keeping them, and is deservedly popular among the people. Town of Danville. 691 DANVILLE. By George Thomas Little. b CHAPTER XXXIX. Municipal Affairs— Civil List — Settlement and Social Life, Etc. — Matters Ecclesiastical. THE town known for half a century as Danville was included in the lands deeded in 1684 to Richard Wharton by Warumbo and five other Indian sachems, and in 1714 conveyed by his administrator to the Pejepscot proprietors. The consideration for which the Indian chieftains sold this large tract, extending from the "uppermost part of the Androscoggin falls four miles Westward and so down to Maquoit," was a " valuable sum received from sd Wharton in merchandise." If they were cheated, they had ample vengeance in the prolonged litigation which the bounds of the grant caused the successors to the title. The final decision as to exactly what land belonged to the Pejepscot proprietors was not reached until 1814, just a century after they took possession. Meantime, out of the northwest corner of their domain, the town- ship of Pejepscot, often spelled Pegypscot, had been duly incorporated by the legislature of Massachusetts on the 6th of March, 1802. The newly-formed town was made up of the "Pejepscot claim," which was bounded on the east by the Androscoggin, and lay between Durham, incorporated a dozen years before, on the south, and Minot, made a town the preceding month, on the north ; and of Little's Gore, a strip of land, sold to Col. Moses Little by the Commonwealth several years before, and lying between the "claim" and New Gloucester. In 1819 the General Court, on petition of the inhabitants, changed the name of the town to Danville. This abandonment of an Indian name for an English one of no especial appropriateness is not in accord with the sentiment of the present day. Its explanation may, perhaps, be found in the general dislike shown by the neighboring towns of the names they had borne before their incorporation or during the few years succeeding that event. With few exceptions they were named in honor of some prominent land proprietor and the change of ownership or the clash of diverse interests sure to arise in the lapse of time, naturally led to dissatisfaction with the old name. It is not necessary to go outside of Androscoggin county to find examples. Lisbon was first Thompsonborough; Durham, Royalsborough; Poland, Bakerstown; Leeds, Littleborough. In these cases the change can be defended on the ground of the shorter name thus gained. But it seems unfortunate that so 692 History of Androscoggin County. distinctive an appellation as Pejepscot should have been surrendered to increase the number of Danvilles, of which there were already five in the United States. Of these, the shire-town of Caledonia county, Vermont, was the largest and may have suggested the name. How little thought was given to the selection of a new name is incidentally shown by the fact that the citizens first voted for Oxford and then at the same meeting reconsidered their action and took Danville. The municipal records of the early period of the town's history relate largely to the making of highways. At the first meeting, which was held April 12, 1802, in a school-liouse near Danville Corner, Captain Finson, Squire Giddinge, and Solomon Larrabee were appointed a committee to lay out town roads. In August they reported six, each of considerable length, which were adopted, wiiile the following year as many more were accepted. Guide-posts were promptly erected at several of the angles made by these and the pre- viously existing county highways. This regard for sign-boards, a characteristic of the generation, was not always equaled by a knowledge of orthography on the part of those who painted them. Tradition maintains that one in a neighboring town bore for many years the legend " Pepsquirt 5 miles." In the building and repair of these roads home labor was patronized. The average annual cost was $1,000, and each man worked out his road tax, receiving a dollar a day for his own services, G7 cents for th.e use of a yoke of oxen, 50 cents for a plough, and 34 for a cart. The charge for a plough apparently indicates a scarcity of those implements. At such rates most farmers of to-da}'' would commute the labor of their hands for that of their ploughs. A committee, consisting in 1809 of Captain Smith and Lieutenant Frost, was occasionally chosen to determine whether a man did an honest day's work. More burdensome than the roads, however, were the bridges. After a vain attempt in 1805 to have the county discontinue a road across the Little Androscoggin near its mouth, the town built in the following winter a wooden bridge near the site of the present iron structure, at a cost of about iSOO. The work was not apparently well done, for a few years later it was carried away. In 1810 a new bridge was built by Job Lane, at a cost of |!l,143, and the selectmen were instructed to make provision that it be not injured in future freshets. It is believed that this second bridge stood till about 1852, when it was replaced by the covered bridge familiar to old residents. Mean- while a bridge had been built over Royal's river on the other side of the town, and, though the stream was not so large, the structure, including unusually heavy land damages, was quite expensive. It is not strange, tlierefore, that the town, which had previously in 1808 petitioned the General Court to be allowed to work out the state tax on the roads witliin its borders, should request in 1817 an abatement for three years of the state tax, and, this apparently not having been granted, should ask the following year for similar relief. Town of Danville. 693 In the movement which was intermittently carried on for more than a score of years to secure the separation of Maine from Massachusetts, the citizens of Pejepscot took a rather languid interest, if we may judge by the number of them who came out to vote on this question. In 1807 no votes were thrown in favor of separation. On one occasion only 30 votes were cast, on another 67. In nearly every case a large majority were against separation. The decisive vote, however, on July 26, 1819, resulted in a victory for the separa- tionists, who cast 52 ballots to their opponents' 34. Elder Joseph Roberts was chosen delegate to the constitutional convention. The labors of that body met with the decided approval in Danville and a unanimous vote was given for the adoption of the constitution. In this connection may be recorded a curious defiance of state legislation. On April 6, 1817, the town voted that "the law passed by the General Court at its last session respecting the killing of certain birds be suspended as to its operation in this town for. the ensuing year." The citizens of Pejepscot first took part in national affairs in 1808, when they voted that a petition signed by their selectmen should be sent to the President of the United States, asking for a suspension of the embargo. The following year they petitioned the General Court "to do their Best endeavours to save this State from impending Ruin and Destruction." Squire Giddinge writes in his diary: "The curse of non-intercourse and embargo measures are felt in every family and continue in prospect with other calamities. May God in his mercy cause what is best to take place." Party spirit ran high. The Squire, who was a stanch Federalist, writes under date of March 4,1810: "Begins the tenth year of the Curse of Democracy. One year of Madisonism past with accumulating misery to the United States of America." The town was quite evenly divided between the two parties and in 1812 the Democrats elected their candidate to the General Court by a majority of six, and voted a few months later that " the town approved of the present war." The citizens were again, and this time agreeably reminded of national affairs on April 4, 1837, when they chose Jonathan Chase their agent to receive their part of the money apportioned by the Ignited States to the state of Maine, and voted to loan this, presumably in small amounts, to the inhabitants of the town. This division of the surjilus in the national treasury brought to Maine nearly 11,000,000, and to Danville 82,600. Several of the states kept their share for a school fund, but the Maine towns as a rule distributed it among their inhabitants, who received upon an average between two and three dollars. In the last decade of the town's history it was called upon to assume its share in the burdens of the Civil War. The story of the brave men it sent forth, many of them never to return, is told elsewhere in this volume. Merely their number, 148, and brief minutes of the municipal action are recorded here. June 7, ""SeS, the town voted $200 for aid of families of volunteers. July 24, 1862, $2,100 was voted for bounties to volunteers. August 23, 1862, it was voted to raise, by loan, 694 History of Androscoggin County. $4,350, to fill the Danville quota of 29 men, last called by the President. June 22, 1863, it was voted to pay each man who was drafted, $300, to enable him to procure a substitute. November 30, 1863, it was decided to offer $350 to each volunteer. November 15, 1864, $500 was offered each volunteer for three years' service, who should be credited to the quota of the town. About $5,000 in town bonds were issued to pay commutations. The project of a new county was broached over 20 years before it was realized. The inhabitants of Danville, then a part of the populous county of Cumberland, had no sympathy with the movement. In February of 1834 they sent Edward Little, Andrew R. Giddinge, and Nathaniel L. Ingersoll to Augusta to oppose legislation looking in that direction, and in September of that year voted, 183 to 1, against its formation. Similar action was taken five years later in the meeting referred to in the following characteristic entry in Squire Giddinge's diary : " 1839, Jan. 25th. There is no school tomorrow, a town meeting being warned to meet in the school-house to remonstrate against the town's being put into a new county, now prayed for, to put up Brunswick and Topsham, to increase patronage, have a new court House to build, a new set of County Officers to support, after having been taxed to build a jail and fireproof Court House in Cumberland. A hard lot ! " Town meetings had been almost invariably held at Danville Corner. With the growth of the village at Goff's Corner, this arrangement became exceedingly inconvenient to large minority of the voters. In 1845 the town voted to acce[)t the proposition made by Edward Little, "to build a town house free from any expense to the town, to be occupied as long as the town deemed proper and no longer and to be located within 40 rods of the bridge near the mouth of the Little Andros- coggin River." The following year it was decided to hold future meetings at this new town house. The structure is still in existence, stands near the corner of Pulsifer and Second streets, and has for many years been used as a tenement house. The difficulty still remained. The other part of the town was now inconvenienced. In 1848 it was voted to build a 1300 town house near Capt. John Walker's, but it was subsequently agreed to place it at Danville Corner, which thus continued the capital, so to speak, of the municipality till the end. The records show that the selectmen, in accordance with the law of the Commonwealth, perambulated the limits of the town from time to time. This did not, however, prevent a long dispute with Durham as to the boundary line, due, primarily, to careless running of the original bounds, and finally settled in 1811) by a commission composed of Archelaus Lewis, Alexander Greenwood, and Aaron Dwinal. The first defection from the town was the setting off, in 1821, of Benjamin Hunnewell and his estate to Durham. Two years later the same was done with the homestead farm of Nathaniel Larrabee. These farms were in the southwest corner of the town and caused the notch in the southern boundary of the city of Auburn. The next change increased Town of Danville. • 695 the size of the town. March 9, 1852, the town chose Thomas B. Little, Esq., and Capt. John Penley to oppose the setting off of a portion of Pohind. The remonstrance was in vain, and by enactment of the legislature a strip of land, lying between New Gloucester and the Little Androscoggin, was added to Danville. This action apparently aroused apprehension among the citizens lest some desirable portions of their domain should be taken away, for a month later, by an almost unanimous vote, it was decided to oppose the annexation of any part of Danville or of Auburn to Lewiston. Their opposition was for the time successful. Seven years later, however, came the action which clearly predicted, though it temporarily postponed, the disappearance of the town as a separate municipality. The territory lying between the Little Androscoggin and the southeasterly line of Auburn was annexed to the latter. This took away 80 polls and 1144,000 in estates, the total valuation being 1392,000. This act of the legislature, bearing date of February 19, 1859, contained a provision that the entire town should be annexed did a majority of the voters favor. The proposition was lost b}^ a vote of 182 against to 74 in favor. The subject of annexation again and for the last time came before the legislature of 1867. In January the town voted "to send N. L. Ingersoll, Charles H. Cobb, Jeremiah Stinchfield, Rufus Penle3% Albert Jordan, Isaac Murry, Francis J. Knapp, and Leonard Hicks to visit the legislature and use all fair and honorable means to oppose the petition of Capt. John Penley and others for the annexation of Danville to Auburn." In February an act was passed, uniting the two towns, provided a majority of the votes cast at special town meetings in both towns, counted together, were in the affirmative. Those interested in the movement seemed distrustful of their ability to secure the requisite number of votes, and one week later, on February 26, 1867, was approved the act which joined Danville to Auburn against the will of a majority of its inhabitants. This section on the municipal affairs may properly close with the following list of those who served as selectmen and town clerks. [For representatives to the legislature see page 300.] Civil List. — 1802 — True Woodbury, Benning Wentworth, EbenezerWitham, selectmen; Benning Wen tworth, clerk. 1803 — Andrew R. Giddinge, Benning Wentworth, Benjamin Arnold, selectmen; Benning Wentworth, clerk. 180i — Andrew R. Giddinge, Benning Wentworth, John W. Jordan, selectmen; Benning Wentworth, clerk. 1805 — Andrew R. Giddinge, Job Lane, Benning Wentworth, selectmen; Benning Wentworth, clerk. 1806 — Phinehas Frost, George Leach, Benjamin Arnold, selectmen; Benning Wentworth, clerk. 1807 — Andrew R. Giddinge, Lemuel Dyer, Phinehas Frost, selectmen; Benning Wentworth, clerk. 1808 — Benning Wentworth, Stephen Rowe, John Witham, selectmen; Benning 'Wentworth, clerk. 1809 — John Witham, Lemuel Dyer, John W. Jordan, select- men; John AVitham, clerk. 1810 — John Witham, Pelatiah Smith, Thomas Finson, selectmen; John Witham, clerk. 1811 — John Witham, Pelatiah Smith, Jacob True, selectman; John Witham, clerk. 1812 — Pelatiah Smith, Moses Rowe, Thomas Finson, selectmen; Moses Rowe, clerk. 1813 — John Witham, Pelatiah Smith, Moses Rowe, selectmen; John Witham, clerk. 1814 — John Witham, Jacob True, George Leach, selectmen; John Witham, clerk. 181.5 — John Witham, Jacob True, Pelatiah Smith, selectmen; John AVitham, clerk. 1810-1817 — Elias Banks, John W. Jordan, William Plummer, selectmen; Elias Banks, clerk. 1818 — Elias Banks, John W. Jordan, Pelatiah Smith, selectmen; Elias Banks, clerk. 1819 — John W. Jordan, Ebenezer Witham, Jr, George Leach, selectmen; 696 • History of Androscoggin County. Ebenezer Witham, Jr, clerk. 1820-1821 — Ebenezer Witham, Jr, Nathaniel Sturgis, John W. Jordan, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, Jr, clerk. 1822-1823 — Ebenezer Witham, Jr, Jeremiah Diugley, Moses Rowe, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, Jr, clerk. 1824 — Andrew R. Giddinge, Nathaniel L. lugersoll, Jeremiah Dingley, selectmen; Andrew R. Giddinge, clerk. 1825 — Ebenezer Witham, Jr, Jeremiah Dingley, Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, selectmen; Andrew R. Giddinge, clerk. 182(5 — Ebenezer Witham, Jr, Jeremiah Dingley, Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, Jr, clerk. 1827 — Ebenezer Witham, Jeremiah Dingley, Stephen Rowe, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1828 — Ebenezer Witham, Jeremiah Dingley, William Woodbury, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1829 — Ebenezer Witham, William Woodbury, James Goff, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1830 — Ebenezer Witham, Jeremiah Dingley, Stephen Larrabee, 2d, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1831 — Ebenezer Witham, William Woodbury, Benjamin Waterhouse, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1832 — James Goff, Jonathan Libby, George Royal, selectmen; John R. Nutting, clerk. 1833 — George Royal, Jonathan Libby, Foster Smith, selectmen; George Royal, clerk. 1835 — John Smith, Jonathan Chase, Solomon Goss, selectmen; JohnR. Nutting, clerk. 1834-1836 — John Smith, Jonathan Chase, Solomon Goss, selectmen; John Smith, clerk. 18.37 — Benjamin Waterhouse, Moses Hanscom, John Penley, selectmen; Benjamin Waterhouse, clerk. 1838 — Benjamin Waterhouse, Moses Hanscom, Jonathan Libby, selectmen; Benjamin Waterhouse, clerk. 1839-1840 — George Royal, Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, John Penley, selectmen; George Royal, clerk. 1841 — Solomon Go.ss, Jonathan Libby, Samuel Stinchfield, selectmen; Solomon Goss, clerk. 1842 — Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, George Royal, John Penley, selectmen; George Royal, clerk. 1843 — Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, James Dingley, Charles Peables, .selectmen; Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, clerk. 1844-1845 — Ebenezer Witham, Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, Charles Peables, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 184()— Ebenezer Witham, Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, William Woodbury, selectmen ; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1847 — Edward T. Little, Joseph Parsons, James Dingley, selectmen: Edward T. Little, clerk. 1848 — Edward T. Little, Ebenezer Witham, James Dingley, .selectmen; Edward T. Little, clerk. 1849 —Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, Jonah Libby, George W. Chase, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1850-1851-1852-1853 — Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, Ebenezer Witham, Jacob Herrick, selectmen; Ebenezer Witham, clerk. 1854 — Edward T. Little, Calvin G. Skinner, Calvin Record, selectmen; Calvin G. Skinner, clerk. 1855 — Calvin Record, Calvin G. Skinner, Samuel H. Haskell, selectmen; Calvin G. Skinner, clerk. 1856 — Nathaniel L. Ingersoll, Jacob Herrick, Robert Martin, selectmen; Jacob Herrick, clerk. 1857 — Jacob Herrick, Calvin G. Skinner, Daniel Field, selectmen; Jacob Herrick, clerk. 1858 — Calvin G. Skinner, Daniel Field, John Smith, Jr, selectmen; I. B. Kimball, clerk. 1859 — Calvin G. Skinner, John Smith, Jr, Eben Jordan, Jr, selectmen; Eben Jordan, Jr, clerk. 1860 — William Woodbury, Isaac Murray, Wiuslow Hicks, selectmen; John H. Ingersoll, clerk. 1861 — William Woodbury, William Woodbury, 2d, Charles H. Cobb, selectmen; Oliver C. Waterman, clerk. 1862 — Eben Jordan, Jr, Jacob Larrabee, William Robinson, selectmen; Oliver C. Waterman, clerk. 1863 — Charles H. Cobb, John H. Ingersoll, WilliaiQ Plummer, selectmen; Oliver C. Waterman, clerk. 1864 — John H. Ingersoll, Charles O. Martin, William Plummer, selectmen; Oliver C. Waterman, clerk. 1865-1866 — Rufus Penley, Charles O. Martin, Isaac A. Johnson, selectmen; James W. Peables, clerk. Settlement and Social Life. — The first settler, according to Dr Elias Banks, was Abel Davis, who came from Salisbury, Mass., in 1762 and cleared a farm near the New Gloucester line. The settlement of the town did not really begin till the last half of the following decade. John Merrill settled in the westerly part in 1778, True Woodbury a few years later, and James Wagg was living in 1780 on the farm on the River road still occupied by his descendants. These and those that followed them in the next few years lived in log cabins and suffered the hardships incident to transforming the forest into farms. Ploughs could not be used by reason of stumps and logs. The implement most frequently employed was a rude hoe of great weight made by the nearest blacksmith. They had no carts. Manure when used was handled with wooden shovels and carried to the fields in hods. Hay and other crops were dragged to the barns on ox-sleds or else " poled in " by hand. Their heavy scythes Town of Danville. 697 were fastened to straight sticks or perhaps to a crooked alder cut in the swamp. Indian corn, the staple of their food, was sown according to a method brought into vogue by Colonel Isaac Parsons, of New Gloucester, directly upon the new land after it had been cleared and burned over, and was allowed to grow without being hilled. This rude form of husbandry enabled them to live at distances from traveled roads that would otherwise have been impracticable. The flesh of the deer and moose, then abundant in the region, furnished them with meat ; the hides supplied material for boots, leggings, caps, and jackets. Other wild beasts of a less desirable character were not uncommon. As late as 1833 Amos and Andrew Giddinge and a Mr Emerson killed a bear weighing 200 pounds in the woods near Danville Corner. Within doors life was as plain as it well could be. Variety of food in the present sense of the term was not within the reach of the most wealthy. The poor lived on bean porridge, ban- nocks, and salt pork. The first was made "by boiling the beans very soft, thickening the liquor with a little meal, and adding a piece of pork to season it. When the good man was going away in the winter to work with his team, the wife would make a bean porridge, freeze it with a string in it so he could hang it on one of the sled stakes. When he was hungry he would break off a piece, melt and eat it." They had no table cloths, knives or forks, cups or saucers. Wooden bowls and wooden spoons were, beside those furnished by nature, the utensils employed in eating. Settles were used in place of chairs, and for the family to sit together at the board that served as a table was the exception rather than the rule. With the increase of po[)ulation all this changed rapidly. By 1800, county roads crossed and recrossed the town, frame houses had been erected, and the general material prosperity had brought a more comfortable mode of living. A social library was organized which had 40 volumes in 1820. Squire Gid- dinge and Job Lane, who had built commodious houses at Danville Corner, had the Portland Gazette brought them each week. In 1802 or 1803 a post- offlce was established there and 25 years later another at Goff's Corner. Many old-time customs, however, continued for at least a generation longer. Burying-cloths, owned by the town, were employed at funerals in place of a hearse. Shoes and boots were not bought, but made by the cobbler, who would often spend a week at a house working up a side of leather into footwear. Most of the cloth worn was home-made. Each farmer raised flax and wool for this purpose almost as regularly as he cured hay for his cattle. Under date of January 5, 1831, Squire Giddinge writes in his diary: "Amused myself in making matches to light candles with as our folk can not blow a coal without murmuring." A year or two later he says — and it should be remembered he was both well educated and in comfortable circumstances: "I was never so flush of money as to need a purse, so fashionable as to own a pair of gloves, so blind as to wear spectacles." The same was doubtless true of every man of his age, then resident in the town. 698 History of Androscoggin County. The second census of the United States, taken in 1800, returns the inhab- itants of Pegypscot Gore as 701, of whom 306 were under ten years of age. For the next 40 years the population increased steadily, being in 1810, 805 ; in 1820, 1,083; in 1830, 1,128; in 1840, 1,294; and in 1850, 1,686. In 1860, it fell to 1,322 by reason of the removal of the strip north of the Little Androscoggin. The growth of the village at the Falls accounts mainly for the larger ratio of increase in the fifth decade. The vote of the town on May 5, 1806, that a bounty of twelve cents should be given for crows when presented to the selectmen, indicates that agriculture was then the chief industry. It continued to be throughout its entire history. Of the 148 heads of families in 1820, 145 were farmers and only three engaged in commerce. The soil is on the whole well adapted for that purpose, and comparatively a small part is unfit either for tillage or pasturage. The principal crops during its corporate existence were hay, wheat, rye, barley, oats, peas, beans, and potatoes, the first and the last growing more and more important with the lapse of years. The native trees found most abundantly are white pine, rock and white maple, yellow and white birch, beach, elm, white and yellow ash, red oak, spruce, hemlock, and hackmatack. There was a remarkable growth of the white pine, which has not entirely disappeared, despite the ravages of the axe, in the territory between the Little Androscoggin and Royal's river. Col Moses Little, in 1768, measured in that neighborhood a log 181 feet in length, and 12 inches in diameter at the smaller end. In apple orchards Danville hardly equaled the neighboring town of New Gloucester. In 1820 Dr Banks estimated their number as 20 and their product at 2,000 bushels, nearly all of which was converted into cider. The first physician to take up his abode in Danville seems to have been Dr John Thorn, who served as moderator at the annual town-meeting in 1807 and was on an important committee the following year. His fees and his method of treatment were presumably much the same as those of his successor, then practicing in a neighboring town. Some entries from the latter's account books have been printed in the periodical entitled Old Times, and a few of them are copied here to assist the imagination in picturing the medical attendance of those days: Capt. S— B — , to bleedinj? your wife, $0.17 J— P — , to delivering your wife, .50 Capt. T — M — , to a pulie, peppermint, and attendance all night, 1.00 B — B— , to a visit to yr child and medicine, .33 Deacon J — M — , to inoculating you with kine pox, 1.00 The second physician was Elias Banks, son of Moses and Phebe (Curtis) Banks, of Scarborough, Me. He was born September 11, 1774, married at Jan. 18, Jan. 20, Mar. 3, Apr. .% Apr. 22, Town of Danville. 699 North Yarmouth, January 17, 1805, Lucretia Prince, by whom he had six sons and two daughters, and died in Portland, February 9, 1841. Dr Banks received a good academic education, studied his profession with Dr Barker, of Stroudwater, and Dr A. R. Mitchell, of North Yarmouth, and there being no incorporated schools of medicine in those days, received his diploma from his preceptors. He was in 1824, soon after its organization, admitted to the Maine Medical Society. He came from North Yarmouth to Danville in 1811 and was in active, and as, far as the writer knows, successful practice till 1830, the 3'ear of his removal to Portland. Dr Banks was a man of good ability and wrote, in 1820, a sketch of the town, which was recently printed in the Maine Historical and rienealogical Recorder, and has been frequently consulted in the preparation of tliis cliapter. The next physician was Tobias Purinton (or, as he seems in later life to have spelled it, Purington), who was born March 19, 1801, in Windham, though his father was later resident and his own childhood was spent in Lewiston. He graduated at the Maine Medical School in 1826, and soon after entered into practice at Goff's Corner. During the ten years of his stay here he became quite prominent, serving as state senator in 1836. The following year he accepted an appointment in the United States civil service, and his home was at Washington till his decease. May 3, 1880. After Dr Purington's removal, Hosea L. Cushman, a native of Hebron, who graduated at Maine Medical School in 1832, practiced a few years at the village. Dr H. Dyer and Dr G. W. Carlton were also resident and practicing physicians in the town at subsequent periods. Of Dr Richmond Bradford, Dr Charles Millett, Dr H. L. K. Wiggin, Dr Silvester Oakes, and Dr William Kilbourne, whose practice endeared them to most of the inhabitants of the town, and who were themselves, in several cases, resident within its limits for a few years, mention is made elsewhere. It is no exaggeration to say that a hundred years ago it was no dis- credit to a man to have been drunk. Courtesy required the offer of ardent spirits to guests on all possible occasions, and to drink copiously was regarded a mark of manliness. Danville suffered with other towns from the manifold evils resulting from the custom. In at least one family in five some member drank to excess. In the national movement against the evil which began about 1825, and in spite of occasional declensions has grown in power to the present, the citizens of Danville took an active part. A total abstinence society was organized in July, 1828, Edward Little, Esq., and Dr Tobias Purington being the leading promoters of the enterprise, about 150 members were secured and meetings were regularly held. Five years later special exertions were made and the membership increased to 365. This included many from Lewiston and East Minot, and the society was divided at the close of 1833. The Danville division, numbering 187, chose John Smith president and Edward T. Little, secretary, and immediately began the organization of auxiliary societies in each 700 History of Androscoggin County. school district. Money was raised to furnish a copy of the Temperance Recorder to each famil}^ in town. The report of the secretary sent to the state society at this time contains some interesting items. The population of the town being 1,128, the amount of liquor sold (not including wine or cider) was 1,575 gallons. The town issued licenses to sell ardent spirits to be consumed on the premises, but there was also considerable unlicensed selling. Militia officers still treated their soldiers but mechanics were not, as formerly, furnished with grog at 11 and at 4 o'clock. "Many farmers do not now use ardent spirits in conducting their business." The society met with opposition from persons of all descriptions, religious and irreligious, but it maintained its position and its influence long outlasted its organization. Matters Ecclesiastical. — Dr Banks wrote in 1820, "the town of Dan- ville, when considered in relation to its religious privileges, must suffer on a comparison with other towns." This was unquestionably true for a half a century after its first settlement. The reason may be found in part in the fact that the disputed land titles brought many settlers of a lawless type and prej- udiced many others of a different character against a church and preaching of the established order which the proprietors would naturally uphold. There is reason for believing that occasional services were held during the last century by Congregational clergymen from the western part of the state on the mission tours to the eastward, which frequently led them across the town: it is known that Elders Macomber and Case, Baptist clergymen, labored here as early as 1789, and Rev. Jesse Lee, the apostle of Methodism, in 1793. Preach- ing in those days was often denominational as well as Christian, aud this threefold sowing of the field seemed to have prevented the establishment of any one church or the erection of a house of worship for several years. In 1803 the town voted $60 for the support of gospel preachers, and Consider Glass, Lemuel Dyer, Matthias Vickery were the committee to expend this sum. The next year $40 was voted and Capt. Thomas Finson, Lemuel Dyer, and Samuel Crockett were entrusted with the disposal of it. The two following years $50 was the amount raised, and two new names appear on the appro- priating committee. Job Lane and William W. Peables. This course, however, was not consistent with the law of the state, and it became necessary in February, 1809, for the inhabitants of Pejepscot to send Lemuel Dyer as "their agent to the court of common pleas next to be holden at Portland for the purpose of trying to get off a fine for which the town is indicted for not being provided with a settled minister of the gospel." This commission required for its execution five days' travel and attendance, and cost the town 17.40. It was, however, the last occasion for action of this sort. The preced- ing year Rev. Joseph Roberts, a Baptist licentiate, preached in the town with marked success, extensive revivals followed, a church of fifty-six members was formed, and he was ordained its pastor in December, 1808. This position he Town of Danville. 701 held nearly a score of years, and was an honored and influential citizen of the town. He was the only representative of the town sent to the General Court while a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and he was also delegate to the convention for framing a constitution for the new state of Maine. It does not appear that he received a regular salary, at least during the latter portion of his pastorate, but supported himself in part by agriculture. The church, after his retirement in 1827, remained for several years without a pastor. In 1838 it received new life under the labors of Rev. John Butler, and two years later a house of worship was erected and its membership reported as 72. Subsequent pastors were Rev. Samuel Owen, Rev. Moses Hanscom, Rev. Cyrus Crafts, Rev. Anson Donham, Rev. L. P. Gurney, Rev. W. R. Millett. For a number of years it has been without a pastor, and by dismissals to other churches the membership has fallen to 22. Rev. Daniel Hutchinson, a Baptist clergyman, preached in the western part of the town in 1808, and continued to hold a service about once in every two months during the four years following. In 1812 more than usual interest attended the services, and in September of that year a small church of 13 members was organized. Nathaniel Sturgis, who had been most prominent in the prayer-meetings which had been regularly maintained for some time, was elected pastor and afterwards ordained as minister. Mr Sturgis was born in Gorham, September 8, 1774, married Sarah Patten, March 22, 1802, and January 5, 1806, Betsey Woodman. He settled near Danville Corner about the beginning of the centur}'-, and was, until his death, October 29, 1825, one of the most respected citizens of the town. Of his ten children, one son, Nathaniel Gorham, a life-long resident, and four daughters, married and left descendants. During Mr Sturgis's pastorate Samuel Small, afterwards for many years register of deeds for Cumberland county, was clerk and David Sjnall deacon. Some 25 were added to the church during this period. In 1828 two of its members, Jonathan Tracy and James Libby were ordained as ministers of the gospel. Two years later the latter became pastor of the West Poland church, a position he held for over twoscore years. From 1826 to 1834 was a period of marked prosperity for this church. From Danville, its name was changed to the Danville, Minot, and Poland church. 140, many doubtless residents of the last mentioned towns, were added to its rolls. In March of 1833 it sent out a colony of 30 members to form what is now known as the South Auburn Free Baptist church, the mother church being styled in the denominational register as the West Danville church. This new church subsequently erected a com- modious house of worship on the river road, near the residence of the late Capt. John Penley. For a number of 3^ears Rev. Gideon Perkins served as its pastor, and subsequently Rev. E. C. Heath. Changes in population have now reduced its membership to about a score and it is unable to maintain worship regularly. Samuel H. Haskell was chosen a deacon in the original church in 702 History of Androscoggin County. 1813 and for over half a century fulfilled the duties of this office in a most faithful manner. At his death, September 12, 1864, he left a record for active, earnest, and self-sacrificing labor that few can excel. From 1845 to 1858 over 50 were added to the church, and four members, viz., Almon Libby, William P. Nevins, Jesse Hayes, and Byron P. Russell were ordained as ministers of the gospel. Removal and death have since depleted its ranks and at present it reports a membership of 23, of whom nearly one-half are non-residents. The First Congregational Church in Danville was organized April 28, 1825, by a council composed of delegates from the four neighboring churches of New Gloucester, North Yarmouth, Pownal, and Freeport. It consisted of seven members. Squire Giddinge, who had been prominent in the movement for its establishment, presented it at the beginning of the next year with a book in which to keep the church records. This book can not now be found and it is impossible to state with accuracy the names of the members. Its meetings were held in the school-house at the Corner, and it was ministered to, in conjunction with the church organized at Lewiston Falls the next year, by Rev. Moses Sawyer, Rev. Daniel Newell, Rev. Azariah Adams, Rev. Henry C. Jewett, and other clergymen laboring under the auspices of the Maine Missionary Society. Within a year or two four others joined the church, a Sabbath school was maintained, and a local Bible society organized in connection with its work. The growth, however, of the sister church at the Falls, an account of which is given elsewhere, precluded its ever attaining to self-support, and in 1850 its name disappeared from the minutes of the state organization. As most of the Congregationalists in the northerly half of the town came to be connected with the church at the Falls, so the Universalists lent their support to the services of that denomination held in the meeting- house which was built there in 1838. Allusion has been made to the labors of Rev. Jesse Lee in this neighborhood during the last century, and the Poland circuit then established has since been one of the strongholds of Methodism. The church in Danville of this denomination was formall}^ included in the Durham circuit in 1806, and was ministered to by Rev. Joshua Soule, Rev. I. Smith, Rev. B. Clay, Rev. J. Adams, Rev. N. B. Ashcraft, Rev. P. Ayer, Rev. J. L. Bishop, Rev. E. Blake, Rev. E. Case in the earlier part of this century, and by very many others since then. In 1863 and for several years thereafter it formed a charge by itself. In 1878 its membership was reported as 110, with 24 on probation. Town of Danville. 703 CHAPTER XL. Educational History and Lewistou Falls Academy — Biographical. EDUCATIONAL History and Lewiston Falls Academy. — One of the first acts of the newly-incorporated town of Pejepscot was to divide itself into seven school districts. These were subsequently increased to eleven, though the eleventh was lost with the portion of the town annexed to Auburn in 1859. Between these districts there was at times a healthy rivalry for the efficiency and success of their respective schools. This local interest accomplished much in the case of District No. 1, which embraced the territory adjoining Danville Corner and included among others the Sturgis, Giddinge, Witham, and LigersoU families. This district claimed that its school corre- sponded exactly with its name, and it surely had the credit of sending the first Danville boy to college. This was the Rev. George Parsons Giddinge, D.D., who graduated at Bowdoin in 1823 as a classmate of William Pitt Fessenden, and was for many years rector of the Protestant Episcopal church at Quincy, 111. While it is difficult to prove the assertion, there are some reasons for believing that the public schools were, throughout the history of the town, better than in the average farming communities of the state. The academy not only exerted a direct influence by furnishing a supply of teachers near at hand, but also indirectly by arousing and maintaining an interest in higher courses of study. Again, the appropriations of money seem to have been on a more liberal scale, taking a series of years together, than in most towns of the same size. The school population in 1820 was 493, and reached the highest point in 1856, when those between 4 and 21 years of age were reported as 708. The average attendance for years in which statistics are at hand varied from 41 per cent, in 1856 to 61 in 1859. For the first score of years the town raised $250 annually for the schools, but this amount was steadily increased and early in 1855 was SI, 250, being several hundred dollars in excess of the amount required b}^ law. Despite the falling off in valuation during the next decade, the town increased the amount expended for each pupil. The year 1834 witnessed, perhaps, the most important event in the educa- tional history of the town in the incorporation of Edward Little, Tobias Purinton, James Goff, Jr, William R. Frye, Daniel Greene, Elisha Keene, Gideon D. Dickinson, Samuel Stone, Jonathan Raynes, John A. Briggs, and Enoch Littlefield, with their associates and successors, as the trustees of Lew- iston Falls Academy, "for the purpose of advancing science and literature and promoting morality, piety, and religion." Of these eleven persons, seven, and ^04 History of Androscoggin County. possibly eight, were residents of Danville. The records of the corporation show clearly that the first mentioned gentleman was the leading spirit in the enterprise. They seem to indicate, on the other hand, that three of the corpo- rators delayed the opening of the school by their failure to attend the meetings of the board. For we find that two years later six instead of nine was made a quorum by an additional act of legislature. The trustees thereupon promptly met, February 27, 1836, added to their number Josiah Little, Esq., Rev. Weston B. Adams, and Rev. Israel Newell, and chose Edward Little president, a position he held till his death in 1849; James Goff, Jr, vice-president; Josiah Little, treasurer; and Weston B. Adams, clerk. They decided a month later to erect a brick building similar in size and arrangement to Kimball Union Academy of Plainfield, N. H., of which Rev. Mr Newell was for man}^ years preceptor. The cost was defrayed by a general subscription, to which the president of the board is said to have contributed 'f 2,000, while his son Josiah gave $500 and an equal amount to be expended later for apparatus. The building was not completed and dedicated until the following spring. The' academy itself, however, had meantime been opened under the charge of David B. Sewall, a young graduate of Bowdoin, class of 1836, since known throughout the state as a beloved and honored clergyman of the Congregational denom- ination. The first term of the new institution was held in the district scliool-house that stood near the present site of the county jail, and the second in the hall above Mr Goff's store, a site still marked by Gcjff Block. The academic year was a long one of 44 weeks, generally divided into hnir terms. The upper portion of the academy building was fitted up with dormitories for the use of those who came from a distance and could not secure rooms in the few houses that then made up the village of Goff's Corner. The growth of the school in subsequent years compelled the employment of this space for other purposes, and the lack of sufficient provision for inexpensive board and lodging for students was one of the obstacles successive teachers seem to have encountered regularly. While, as an early catalogue states, board in good families, including room, wood, lights, and washing, could be procured for -11.50 a week, the size of the place limited the number that could be thus accommodated. The tuition charge was four dollars a term and continued practically the same until war times, when it was increased about 50 per cent. The two years of Mr Sewall's principalship were prosperous ones. The academy was made to supply the need that led to its establishment and soon began to draw students from a widening circle. He received for the first year merely the tuition fees, for the second a salary of -1450. After the completion of the academy building, Mr Little conveyed to the trustees the tract of land between High and Main streets and Elm street and the Little Androscoggin river, then valued at 13,000. A few years later he also gave the property on Main street, Town of Danville. 705 known as the Chapin house, and valued at about the same amount. This may seem a meagre endowment for an educational institution, as indeed it is, measured by the standards of to-day, but it was wisely managed and the income from the proceeds of the house lots as they were sold from time to time, proved sufficient to maintain the building in repair and to supplement the tuition fees in making up a reasonable salary for the teachers employed. The trustees believed that for an efficient and successful school, it was chiefly necessary to provide a building and apparatus, and that the instructors should by their ability attract scholars and obtain their compensation largely from them. It must be acknowledged that this theory worked better then than it would at the present day. The second principal, Benjamin Mead, was a Bowdoin graduate, as indeed were all his successors with two exceptions, and maintained the standing and character of the school, which averaged about 40 pupils during the two years it was under his charge. He was succeeded by Edward Payson Weston, than whom few have done more for the educational interests of the state. Teaching was Mr Weston's life work and the seven years he gave to the Lewiston Falls Academy were a period of marked progress and prosperity. The grounds were planted with trees and shrubbery, laid out with walks and surrounded by a fence. -fGOO was expended upon apparatus. A preceptress and two assistants were added to the teaching force and instruction in music and drawing was provided for those desiring either. In addition to the ordinary preparatory and classical course of study, one was offered made up of French and the higher English branches, geometry, sur- veying, astronomy, rhetoric, and mental philosophy. Certificates of fitness to teach were granted to those passing a special examination. A Literary Union had been formed among the students after the pattern of the general college societies at Bowdoin and in its charge was the library collected by Capt. William Ladd, of Minot, the well-known advocate of peace, and bequeathed at his death to the academy. The pupils in 1846 numbered 175, 111 being the largest number attending any one term. Of these, four were residents of another state and 85 of other towns than Danville, Auburn, Minot, or Lewiston. This increase of non-resident scholars led to the proposal of the trustees to erect a brick dormitory, 62x 38 feet and three stories high. The cost was to be met b}^ the sale at auction of twelve house lots. Unfortunately the bids did not reach the minimum price decided upon, and a few 3'ears later obtained at private sale, and the project was on Mr Weston's departure, the following year, allowed to slumber. It was revived at several different times subsequently, but never carried into effect. Alvin Boody, who graduated from Bowdoin in 1847, but who had experience in teaching and was afterwards principal of Fryeburg Academy, took charge of the school for about two years. He was succeeded by Jotham B. Sewall. The academy profited much by his scholar- ship and character, During the two years of his stay over |800 was expended 706 History of Androscoggin County. upon the building and the grounds, which then assumed the appearance so familiar to the old residents, the plain but neat brick structure with wooden belfry, guarded on either side by the terraced pines, remnants of the primeval forest, and approached by the long walk shut in by the cedar hedge. Mr Edward Little's death, which occurred at this time, brought a bequest of |2,500 to the academy funds, which now amounted to about |6,000. The entire income was with few exceptions expended each year and there were no subsequent additions of moment save from the sales of the lands. Two Bowdoin classmates of 1847, Rev. Ebenezer S. Jordan and Prof. William M. Baker, had charge of the school during the next few years, with an average attendance of 85 to 90. Under the next principal, George Woods, since chancellor for a score of years of the Western University of Pennsylvania, the names of Spanish students appear for the first time in the annual catalogue. Several young men from the West Indies, especially from Cuba, were for a series of years pupils at the academy. In the spring term of 1856, the last of Mr Woods's principalship, the attendance of students was 138. Several teachers were employed during the next three years for short periods, of whom at least two should be mentioned, Hon. Enos T. Luce, now of Waltham, Mass., and Rev. Dr Edwin P. Parker, of Hartford, Conn. In 1859, Warren T. Webster, a graduate of Brown University, assumed charge of the institution. The eight years that followed were the most prosperous the academy had seen. The number of students increased until in the fall term of 1865 they reached 250. The assistant teachers included some of the ablest and most faithful workers the town has ever known. In 1864 the building was remodelled and enlarged, and two years later the name of the institution was changed by an act of legislature to the Edward Little Institute. At the close of the war the so-called commercial college came into fashion and Mr Webster's energy and interest in education led him to add to the English and Classical course that had been taught so long on the hill, a commercial department which occupied the two largest halls down town and employed several special teachers. The undertaking was not successful from a financial standpoint. The additional work and worry which it brought seriously affected his health and led to his resignation, which the trustees regretfully accepted in Jul}'-, 1867. His successor, Charles C. Rounds, had been an assistant for the two preceding years, and a year later became prin- cipal of the State Normal School at Farmingtou. Death had now removed from the board of trustees. Rev. Elijah Jones, who had served as president since the decease of the founder, Josiah Little, who, though a non-resident, retained the strong interest in the school of which he had previously given practical evidence, Edward T. Little, who had long and ably served as the treasurer and a member of the executive committee, and, a short time later, Samuel Pickard, who, from the first, had been one of the most active and Town of Danville. 707 efficient members. The growth of Auburn, on the other hand, made it desirable that the academy should be closely connected with tlie system of public schools and open to all free of charge. Accordingly the trustees gave the use of the building for a free high school to the city of Auburn, and four years later, in 1873, formally transferred their title to the entire property, then valued at '125,000. The chief conditions of the transfer were that the city should maintain at least 33 weeks in each year a first-class high school, to be always known as the Edward Little High School, and should erect a statue of the person thus commemorated, at a cost of #7,000. These conditions were duly carried out. Under a succession of able teachers, students from old Danville have enjoyed the privileges of academical study previously offered by the institute. In the stmiio at Rome of the distinguished Maine scul[jtor, Franklin Simmons, was made an admirable portrait statue, which was cast in bronze at Munich, and, in October, 1877, erected in front of the new and larger building that was then replacing the old academy. On that occasion an able oration was delivered by Judge Nahura Morrill, long an active and prominent member of the trustees, and a pleasing and appropriate poem read by Mrs M. S. Read, one who answered of old to the academic bell pealing from out the "pine trees' living sheen." The space given to this sketch of the Lewiston Falls Academy is onl}'^ justified by the influence, direct and indirect, which it exerted on the town within whose limits it was established. There was hardly a family in Danville whose name does not occur in the list of its students. The various natives and residents of the town, who are college graduates, received their preparatory course there, with but few exceptions. The facilities it offered had an important, if an unnoticed part, in changing the village of Goff's Corner into a large and prosperous community. Bio300,000. Officers: Arthur Sewall, of Bath, president ; C. R. Milliken, of Portland, clerk and treas- urer; Arthur Sewall, James Munroe, George C. Wing, W. S. Dana, W. G. Davis, W. H. Milliken, Frank I). True, directors; C. H. Milliken, superintendent. Evaiis Rifle Co. — In 1871 this company commenced operations, and in 1873 the Denison Paper Manufacturing Co. owned the stock and made several thousand rifies and carbines. The Russian Flying Squadron, organized in America, was entirely armed with these arms. A. T. Denison and G. F. Evans exhibited the arms before a military commission in St Petersburg, which advised their adoption by the Russian government. In 1878 the plant was moved to Massachusetts. " The Elms " was built by A. C. Denison & Co. in 1859 as Eagle Hotel, cost $7,000, and is owned by Poland Paper Co. Its first landlord was Davis. He was followed by one Pierce. Prescott R. Cobb kept it from 1866 to 1868 ; others then kept it for brief times; later, A. C. Denison occupied it as a residence. In 1887 H. S. Jordan opened it as The Elms. He was succeeded in 1891 by A. V. Edie. 1 Hugh Milliken, the Scotch emigrant, came to Boston about 1650. His son, John, settled in Scar- borough in l(3!tO, and had sons: John, Edward, Samuel, Nathaniel. Benjamin, a descendant of this family, lived in North Yarmouth and Buckfield. His son, Josiah, lived in Buckfield, Minot, and Poland, and had sons: Weston F., William H., Charles R., Seth M., George. Weston F.was in trade in Minot from 1852 to 185(), and later was jirominent in public, commercial, and financial positions in Portland. With his brother he formed the firm of VV. F. & C. R. Milliken. C. R. Milliken is treasurer of the Portland Rolling Mill and proprietor of the Glen House, White Mountains, N. H. ■^ The paper for this volume was made by the Poland Paper Company . Town of Poland. 789 Mechanic Falls Driving Park Association. — For many years an interest has been felt in the improvement of horses in Poland, and a track was made and used before the Civil War. No organization was made until 1883 or 1884, when this association was formed "to encourage husbandry, fairs, and improvement of stock." There were ten original members : C. H. Dwinal, F. E. Dwinal, J. M. Libby, P. A. Jordan, S. D. Jordan, M. H. Nelson, James M. Nason, Thomas Marcotte, P. R. Cobb, William Greenleaf. C. H. Milliken soon took the place of the latter, and N. Q. Pope, John Hanscom. Luther Perkins, and others have been made honorary members. Twenty acres of land below the village, where the old track was made, was leased and a good half-mile track made, and stalls, etc., erected, and exhibitions and fairs have been held. The officers are C. H. Dwinal, president; P. R. Cobb, secre- tary and treasurer; F. E. Dwinal, S. D. Jordan, Luther Perkins, directors. Denison Block was built, in 1870, by A. C. Detiison & Co., cost $12,000, and is owned by the Poland Paper Co. D. B. Holt, Son & Co. at once com- menced trade. In 1873 Mr Holt sold his interest to A. C. Denison & Co. McCann Bros followed them in 1874, and from July, 1875, until 1891, Isaac A. Denison was in trade as a grocer here. M. N. Royal cf Co. manufacturers and wholesale and retail dealers in confectionery, stationery, etc., do an immense business. The chocolate manu- factory was established in 1884 by M. N. Royal. It is the only one in Maine. He began to make candy the same year. His first factory was in the buildings of the Evans Rifle Co. In July, 1885, he removed to Lincoln Block. Poland Packing and Manufacturing Co. — This company was inaugurated by J. W. Jones near the "red bridge" in 1873. He conducted it until 1886. In 1890 John Hanscom purchased the property, put up suitable buildings, introduced improved machinery, and is doing an extensive business, with a capacity of packing 25,000 cans daily. The Mechanic Falls Ledger. — (See page 286.) The publishing, electro- typing, and printing establishment of Poole Brothers is one of the enterprising houses of the county. The business was originated in 1874 by Henry A. Poole. In 1885 George W. Poole became a partner, forming the present firm. They are of Scotch descent, sons of Albion and Eliza (Gould) Poole, and natives of Waterford. Henry A. married Ida M. Goodrich, of Eliot; George W. married Addie E. Hanson, of Brentwood, N. H. Poole Bros have a fine plant, with facilities for a large business, print books for city publishers, and, in 1890, published a fineljMllustrated " History of Poland." To their courtesy we are indebted for a liberal use of its contents. Edward F. Edgecond^ has a model job printing office in one of the Poland Paper Co.'s buildings. He makes specialties of fine commercial printing, elegant novelties, and artistic job work. 740 History of Androscoggin County. Physicians. — Dr Moses R. Pulsifer^ was the first to locate, and remained until Dr J. M. Eveleth came in 1858. Dr D. VV. Sawyer came in 1862, and in 1865 was succeeded by Dr C. L. Holt, who sold to Dr E. F. Bradford in 1870. Dr Ayer was here in 1872, H. D. Torrey in 1875. In 1873 Dr Henry Waters came, and at his death (1875) was succeeded by his brother, Dr William Waters (homceopath). From 1875 to 1888 Dr A. L. Gaubert was in practice. Dr E. C. Heath (homoeopath) came and was in practice until his death in 1889. Dr A. D. Bowman (homoeopath) is now in practice. Photographers., Etc. — Dimon B. Perry had a gallery here from 1862 to 1871. C. S. Gurney succeeded him, and was followed by others. In 1886 the present artistic photographer, O. C. Bridge, became proprietor. Watches and Jewelry.- — -Zenas Lane has been in trade from 1865. S. S. Waterhonse has kept a general store in the Railroad Store, west of the Grand Trunk, since January, 1889. This store was built and opened as a flour and feed store in 1860 by Isaac D. Cushman. In 1862 Frank Danforth bought it for a dry goods and grocery store. He sold in 1865 to Pulsifer & Lane ; the latter sold in 1867 to D. B. Waterhouse, and in 1870 Pulsifer sold to Edward Thurston. Thurston ^ Waterhouse traded until 1880, when D. B. Waterhouse became sole owner until he sold to S. S. Waterhouse. Cabinet ynahing was conducted from 1841 by Lowell Valentine, Nelson Val- entine, R. L. McPherson, William Eldredge, D. S. Perkins, Perry & Merrill, and from 1868 to 1883 by D. B. Perry. From 1865 to 1880 quite a business was done in brick-making a short distance out on the Poland road, first by Fessenden & Morrill, and later by Thurston & Waterhouse. Andrew J. Weston commenced business as contractor and builder in 1878. He employs several men and deals largely in lumber, sash, doors, blinds, etc. Creorge 0. Goodwin cf Co. erected a lumber mill on the Orrin Dwinal lot in 1887. Their power is a 40-horse-power steam engine. They cut dimension, long and short lumber,' etc., and produce from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 feet annually. iDr Moses Rust Pulsifer, grandson of David and sou of Jonathan, was the first young man of Poland educated as a physician. He was born in Poland, October 9, 1799; died at Ellsworth, January 27, 1877. He married, first, Mary S., oldest child of Hon. Josiali Dunn. Of their 12 children eight survive: Maj. Josiah D.; Dr Nathan G. H., president of People's Bank, Waterville; Reuben D., farmer. Stetson; Augustus M., Auburn; Dr Horatio P>., Auburn; Dr Thomas B., Yarmouth, Mass.; Caroline (Mrs B. F. Crocker), Hyannis, Mass.; Ella D. (Mrs Frederic Matthews), Yarmouth, Mass. Dr Pulsifer married, second, Mary L. Berry, of PZUsworth. Children: Georgia (who married Dr Charles Porter), and Charles L. Dr Pulsifer was educated at Hebron Academy, Dartmouth, and Bowdoin, and was graduated at Bowdoin in 1822. He practiced at Eden, Sullivan, Minot, Poland, Mount Desert, and St Stephens, N. B. He later attended medical lectures in New York and Phila- delphia, and practiced hoinceopathy in Ellsworth. He was devoted to his profession and had a large practice; was an honest and earnest man, an enthusiastic advocate of abstinence from liquor and tobacco, and lived a long, laborious, and useful life. Town of Poland. 741 CHAPTER XLIII. Coiio;regational Churches— Universalist Church — Methodist Episcopal Church— Free Will Baptist Churches — Ad ventism — Shakers —Baptist Church — Gleanings from Town Records — Civil List. THE First Congregational Church, Poland Corner.' November 1,1825, a council of Congregational ministers and delegates assembled at a school- house to organize a Congregational church. Kev. Edward Payson, D.D., of Portland, Rev. Percy Chapin of Pownal, Rev. Elijah Jones of Minot, Rev. Elisha Moseley of New Gloucester, Rev. J. G. Merrill of Otisfield, were present with delegates. After the reading of the confession of faith, etc., the church was organized with these members : George Waterhouse, Jabez Ricker, Daniel Waterman, Zenas Cobb, Mary Ricker, Elizabeth Bailey, Dorcas Cobb, Abagail Waterman, Elizabeth Lane, and Hannah Allen. Public services were held in the afternoon at the town house at the Corner. The first services were at the meeting-house on the Plains. The Lord's Supper was first administered November 8, 1825, by Rev. Elisha Jones. 25 persons were admitted to member- ship the first year. Zenas Cobb was the first moderator. James P. Richardson was ordained August 16, 1826. During the first six months 35 persons were received into the church. Among them were Moses Harris, Daniel Harris, Levi Bailey, Ephraim Harris, Edward Ross, Daniel Pierce, John Cousens, John Nevens, and Jacob Rowe. In May, 1827, Daniel Waterman and Levi Bailey were chosen first deacons. May 30, 1827, the new meeting-house at Poland Corner was dedicated. Sermon by the pastor. Rev. Messrs Greely, Stowe, Jones, Peckhara, and Long assisted. The building was a substantial one. The pews were made of the finest pine lumber ; were unpainted, and remained so until the renovation in Mr Emrich's time. The pulpit was "fearfully and wonderfully made." It was high, with a door to shut in the minister. The years 1830-31 were memorable for a revival. September 14, 1833, Rev. Mr Richardson resigned. Rev. Charles R. Fisk next received a call from this church, with a salary of -1350. Mr Fisk was installed May 27, 1834. He remained a year. Rev. Thomas Williams was next pastor ; salary f400. He was installed October 18, 1835. May, 1837, Dr Eleazer Burbank and Daniel Pierce were chosen deacons. 1839 was blessed by a " gracious revival." In 1840 a branch church was organized at Mechanic Falls. At this time, accord- ing to Rev. F. E. Emrich, "through the perseverance of John Cousens, 1 Condensed from sketch in Poole Bros' " History of Poland." 742 History of Androscoggin County. Edward Little, of Auburn, gave to the First Congregational Church of Poland a piece of land, which was sold for -11,000, the interest of which was to be appropriated for the support of the Congregational parish in the town of Poland. Tlie wise foresight of the fathers has helped their children in perpetu- ating the institutions of a Congregational society." Mr Williams continued pastor here until his death. In 1847 Rev. Stephen Gould became pastor, and remained until his death. Mr Gould seems to have been the latest settled pastor. Rev. L. W. Harris supplying in 1860 half the time. Since that date the Congregational ministers of Mechanic Falls have supplied here, the Rev. F. E. Emrich doing efficient service. Several united with the church through his labors. By his active services the meeting-house was remodelled, the old pulpit replaced by a modern desk, new pews, a steeple and bell added, and the church re-furnished. Rev. C. A. White, the latest acting pastor, was faithful and earnest in his work. Meelianic Fnlls Gongre(jatlonal Clmrcli. — W. W. Waterman says, in "History of Poland," that this church was organized as a branch of the " Congregational Church in Poland " by an ecclesiastical council at the house of Mr John Valentine, June 15, 1840, with these members: John Valentine, Charlotte Valentine, Joseph H. Hall, Sophia Hall, Salmon Hackett, Laurana Hackett, Samuel Chandler, Lowell and Nelson Valentine, Mrs Pamelia Foss, and Mrs Nancy P. Alden. This branch of the church was to be under the care of Rev. Thomas Williams, then pastor of the church in Poland, and could preach alternate Sabbaths at Poland Corner and Mechanic E'alls. The first preaching service was held at the old school-house on the Minot side of the river, July 12, 1840. About this time a few individuals joined in erecting the vestry on the south side of the meeting-house lot, which was a gift to the society by Mr John Valentine. The vestry was dedicated December 30, 1841. It was used for high and singing schools, lectures, etc., until about 1850, when it was moved away. November 9, 1842, the branch church became an independent society, and Rev. Nathan Cobb became its first pastor, and continued to be the nominal pastor of the church (not preaching all the time) up to August 12, 1847, when he was dismissed at his request; and on the same day and by the same council. Rev. Enos Merrill was installed. Mr Merrill was dismissed, at his own request, August 10, 1855. He was noted for faithfulness as a pastor and fine scholarship. Rev. William N. Jordan came next, remained till January, 1859, when he was succeeded by Rev. Horatio Illsley, who preached till July, 1862; he was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Kyte. Mr Kyte was installed September 25, 1862, and remained till 1864. The pulpit was then supplied by Revs George W. Campbell, E. T. Borchers, F. M. Davies, A. C. Herrick, E. S. Jordan, H. Whitcher, R. J. Langradge, and Professors Stanley, Hayes, and Angell. Rev. F. E. Emrich commenced preaching April 1, 1874, was installed July 25, 1877, and dismissed August 27, 1882. Rev. Town of Poland. 743 C. A. White succeeded him December 31, 1882, and resigned April 1, 1888. Kev. S. H. Woodrow preached one year, and was followed by Rev. Fred- erick Newport, the present pastor. The number of persons connected with tliis church from commencement until May, 1890, is 228. The present church building was completed and dedicated in the autumn of 1848. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. Enos Merrill. In 1886 the house was remod- elled, repaired, and furnished with a furnace, and a basement vestry added. The Universalist Church.^ — The first sermon by a Universalist in Poland was preached on Monday, September 17, 1798, by Rev. Thomas Barns^; his text was: "For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time." At the conclusion of the service. Rev. Mr Merritt, a Methodist, made some remarks according to his doctrinal ideas, to which Mr Barns replied, and " we shook hands and parted in peace." In 1799 Rev. Mr Barns removed his family here. January 6, 1802, he was ordained at Gray. In May, 1802, Rev. Mr Hubbard, Methodist, arranged with Rev. Mr Barns and Rev. Mr Williston, Methodist, to hold a public discussion in the meeting-house near Minot Corner. The audience was large, mostly Methodists, and there was an interesting discussion. In 1807, the Congregational church of New Gloucester exercised the right to tax other denominations, and in default of payment sold their stock at auction. The Universalists, Baptists, and Methodists sent a petition for redress to the legislature b}^ Mr Barns, who was representative, which was successful. He fulfilled his appointments to preach until his death. [See note.] Father Barns was the first man ordained to the Christian ministry of universal salvation in Maine. Many of the prominent families became interested and earnest laborers in the cause, and soon after his death, they, in company with the Methodists and Baptists, built a meeting-house at Poland Corner, in which they held meetings and had preaching by itinerants, until it was burned about 30 years afterward. The prominent men in Poland then Universalists were James and Charles Chipman, William Jackson, Samuel and Job Atwood, Nathaniel Lane, Benjamin Garland, and later, Stephen and Free- 1 Condensed from sketch in Poole Bros' " History of Poland," written by J. A. Bucknam. '- Rev. Thomas Barns, born in Merrimao, N. H., in 1749, became a Baptist in 1771, married Mary Fletcher in 1772, and was a farmer of Jaffrey, N. H. In 1783 he heard a Universalist preach, and soon became a preacher of Universalism. He resided in Vermont, Connecticut, and Massachusetts, preaching in those states and Rhode Island, from 1786 to 1796, when he came to New Gloucester and traveled extensively in Maine as a preacher of his faith. In 1799 he came to Poland. He was ordained January 6, 1802, pastor of the united Universalist societies of Falmouth, Gray, New Gloucester, and Norway, and his spare Sabbaths he preached in Freeport, Danville, Poland, Turner, and Livermore, and for some years was the only Universalist preacher in Maine. He dieil in 1816, and was buried with Masonic honors. He was often representative, was of blameless character, and as a speaker possessed wonderful magnetism and oratorical powers. His children were : Polly, Rachel, Thomas, Reuben, Lucy, Lydia, Sally, Levisa, Mary Fletcher. Sally married Hon. Josiah Dunn, and it was said that he would lose his soul because he married the daughter of a Universalist minister. 744 History of Androscoggin County. man Marble, Z. Weston, Benjamin Waterhouse, and Joseph Harris. After the burning of the churcli, only occasional preaching was had until at Mechanic Falls Kev. Messrs Blacker, Hitchens, Quimby, Gaines, and Father Thompson frequently preached in halls and school-houses from 1851 to 1857, when Father Thompson was engaged to preach one-half the time in Thayer's Hall. The Congregationalists and Freewill Baptists refused to let him preach in their churches, even when they were unoccupied, as they regarded Uni- versalism as a very dangerous doctrine. The Universalists, however, built a commodious church of their own, in which they could worship God according to the dictates of their own consciences, completed in December, 1863. A Universalist Society was organized April 8, 1862, with officers: Mod- erator, J. A. Bucknam ; clerk, Charles H. Dwinal : treasurer, William Moore; trustees, John Winslow, William Moore, J. A. Bucknam. This society was merged into a new organization, March 24, 1863, composed of citizens of Poland, Minot, and Hebron, and named the First Universalist Parish of Mechanic Falls. The charter members were J. A. Bucknam, Charles H. Dwinal, F. H. Cobb, John Winslow, Mark D. Curtiss, O. W. Hawkes, F.' A. Danforth, and B. F. Haskell. At this first meeting, S. F. Waterman, Adna C. Denison, A. K. Bickford, Solomon Atwood, Edward M. Thurston joined the parish. The parish was organized by the choice of F. H. Cobb, moderator; Charles H. Dwinal, clerk and treasurer; J. A. Bucknam, John Winslow, S. F. Waterman, trustees: A. C. Denison, E. M. Thurston, F. A. Danforth, assessors. Voted to raise ''f'500 to complete the sum of $3,000 for the purpose of building a cliurch. Hon. A. C. Denison, J. A. Bucknam, S. F. Waterman, E. M. Thurston, William Moore, and A. K. Bickford were chosen building committee. The church was built, and an organ valued at 82,600 was placed in it before January, 1864, when the church was dedicated by Rev. Zenas Thompson, who probably preached the first Universalist sermon ever delivered in Mechanic Falls in 1840, and who, from 1851 to the building of the church, labored zealously, and was largely instrumental in the erection of the church. He delivered the dedicatory address with great ability and power. He was a wonderful speaker on great occasions. The singing was under the direction of S. F. Waterman, Esq., who served the church with much ability for many years. January 24 Kev. R. A. Ballou was engaged to fill the pulpit. Decem- ber 24, 1864, Rev. A. G. Gaines was called at a salary of -$800. He resigned January 1, 1870. He was a learned man, a humble and devout preacher, gaining the respect of all the community, and enlarging the parish to 80 members. The church organized in 1842 as the Hebron and West Minot Church, and in 1858 reorganized as the West Minot and Mechanic Falls Church, was reorganized as the Mechanic Falls Church, November 11, 1866, and it retained all the old members, residents of Minot, Poland, and Hebron. These names were transferred from the old church to the new : John Winslow and wife, Town of Poland. 745 Calvin Whitman and wife, Solomon Atwood and wife, Calvin Bucknam and wife, Charles V. Jacobs and wife, James Jacobs and wife, William Moore and wife, William Cobb and wife, Tristram Durelle and wife, Benjamin Waterhouse and wife, Jacob McCollister and wife, Cyrus Bridgham and wife, Ara Cush- man and wife, Thomas Cushman and wife, Ephraim Stinchfield and wife, Smith G. Bailey and wife, Albert Valentine, Lloyd Andrews, Samuel Bumpus, S. A. Bennett, Adam Richardson, Josiah A. Bucknam, Rufus Thurlow, Matthias P. Sawyer, Zenas Weston and wife, Benjamin F. Haskell and wife, Sarah D. Clark, Rachel C. Richardson, Sarah Moore, Cynthia DeCoster, Sarah A. Par- sons, Elizabeth O. Ryerson, Hamlin T. Bucknam. These were added at the formation of the Mechanic Falls Church: Adna C. Denison, George Sholes, Edward M. Thurston and wife, Rev. Absalom G. Gaines, Abraham A. Waldron. 60 members constituted the Mechanic Falls Church, December 2, 1866. Since then 88 members have been added, 39 have died, and the present number is 60. Calvin Bucknam served as deacon from 1842 to about 1872. Lysander Dunham served from 1842 until 1858. Since then George Sholes, Albert Valentine, E. M. Thurston, Andrew J. Weston and Alvin Reed are the present deacons. Josiah A. Bucknam, E. M. Thurston, Albert Valentine, Charles S. Allen, Nathaniel Gammon, A. J. Weston, George Sholes, and E. F. Bradford have been clerks. The business department is in the hands of the parish. [For the creed see Auburn.] Rev. Zenas Thompson succeeded Rev. Mr Gaines and began his service in March, 1870. A bell was purchased and rung for the first time December 4, 1870. lo members were added to the parish February 20, 1871. On account of impaired health Rev. Mr Thompson resigned December 3, but remained the balance of his year. The parish was increased to 99 members, and several added to the church, and during his last winter the average of the Sabbath-school attendance was 175. He was unanimously invited to remain two years longer, but his ill health, brought on by exposure as chaplain in the army, rendered it impossible. The church and parish, with other friends where he had preached, in grateful remembrance of his unselfish labors for a life-time, at the suggestion of his friend, J. A. Bucknam, purchased a pleasant little homestead in the village and presented it to him, so that he could rest from his active duties of pastor and yet be helpful in many ways to the church and community. He gave his life-work for temperance and humanit}^ as embodied in the blessed gospel of Jesus Christ. Thus he lived, honored and loved in the last years of his life by people of all religious faiths. He died December, 1882, in the town of Deering, aged 78 years. May 6, 1872, Rev. S. S. Davis, a graduate of Canton Theological School, N. Y., was the next pastor. He remained nearly one year. Rev. Martin J. Steere accepted a unanimous call of the parish to become its pastor at a salary of $1,500, and began his services November 30, 1873. May 11, 1875, on motion of Hon. A. C. Denison, the parish unanimously voted to enlarge the church and put a vestry under it at a 746 History of Androscoggin County. cost of about -fi6,000. The Congregational church kindly invited them to occupy their meeting-house while repairing, without charge, which was thank- fully accepted. October 28, the building being completed, the vestry was dedicated and named Murray Hall. May 14, 1876, Bro. Steere read his resig- nation and it was accepted. Many members were added to the church while he was pastor. He came to the Universalists from the Free Baptists. He wrote a theological book, entitled " Footprints Heavenward," giving his reasons for his change of belief, and it was very popular. [See page 374.] From June, 1876, to June, 1877, the pulpit was supplied. Rev. Harrison S.Whitman was installed pastor of the church June 22, 1877. October 9, 1882, Rev. Mr Whitman resigned. He was a talented writer and preacher, and a very pure- minded and exemplary man. During his pastorate many joined the church and parish. For nearly a year services were held every Sunday, then Rev. W. W. Hooper commenced his service as pastor. He labored earnestly and faithfully, but under very unfavorable circumstances; the parish had a heavy debt and could not make much progress. May 6, 1886, the parish accepted his resigna- tion. Mr Hooper was an interesting preacher, a beloved pastor, and endeared himself to the whole community. Rev. W. S. Perkins, of Lewiston, filled the pulpit from 1886, to June, 1889. He was an able and eloquent speaker. One very important movement was begun in 1887 by him, and Bros Whitman, Hooper, and Hayden, to relieve the parish of its debt by inducing the state convention to pay -^500 for three successive years, if the parish would pay in the same sum. This was consummated May 1, 1890, when the ladies got up a supper. 150 persons generously paid -12.50 a plate and raised the money. Mr Bucknam says if the noble women of the parish had not, during the darkest days, worked with untiring energy, the parish property must have been lost to the denomination. Great honor is due to them. From July, 1889, to Jul}'^, 1890, Rev. R. F. Johonnot, of Lewiston, ministered to the church on Sundays. The parish and church now extended a unanimous invitation to Rev. George G. Hamilton, of Oakland, who began his work October 5, 1890. He came here by a personal sacrifice, hoping by the help of God's spirit to do a large and glorious work. Since Mr Hamilton came, the audience at church and Sabbath school has doubled in attendance. At this writing, November 1, 1890, the church and parish are in a more prosperous condition than they have been for years, are free from debt, with church property valued at |10,000, a church membership of 60, a parish membership of 80, Sabbath school of about 85. There are 120 families in the vicinity; some of each attend the meetings and contribute to its support. The parish is the business branch of the church, yet its creed, constitution, and by-laws are in substance the same as the church, but not subject to its ordinances. The board of trustees is the executive force and business and financial management. These persons have served as trustees : J. A. Bucknam, Town of Poland. 747 John Winslow, S. F. Waterman, A. C. Denison, E. M. Thurston, William Moore, A. T. Denison, F. C. Whitehouse, A. Reed, Calvin M. Cram, E. B. Gammon, D. B. Holt, A. J. Weston, James S. Gerr}'-, E. F. Bradford, C. H. Dwinal, Fred E. Dwinal, George L. Reed, Mrs A. T. Denison, Mrs Charles H. Dwinal. The present officers are: Alvin Reed, moderator; Dr E. F. Brad- ford, clerk ; A. J. Weston, treasurer ; James H. DeCoster, Herbert E. Thurston, L. W. Mason, trustees. These persons have served in their respective offices longer than any others: George W. Sholes, as clerk of church. Sabbath school, and parish; A. J. Weston, treasurer of parish; J. A. Bucknam, trustee of parish; A. C. Denison, su[)erintendent of Sabbath school and its most efficient supporter. The ministerial fund is about $5,000. In 1890 the Methodists received 30 per cent., the Universalists 23 per cent., the Free Baptists 21 per cent., the Congregationalists 14 per cent., the Adventists 10 per cent., the Calvinist Baptists 2 per cent. The Mechanic Falls church is the only Univer- salist organization in tov^^n. Its average running expenses since 1863 have been tf 1,500 per year. These sums, with what has been paid for buildings and formation, will exceed $50,000. Methodist Episcopal Church. — Poland was at first in the Portland circuit. Jesse Lee preached here, in 1793, in the house of Nehemiah Strout, and Nehemiah Strout, Josiah Dunn, and William Davis were converted. This house was the preaching place of Methodist itinerants for years. In 1795 there was a church organization, and in a record of the quarterly conference, in August, 1797, it is stated "that Moses Emery, Jr, of Poland was chosen steward of the money matters, in Asa Robertson's stead." This quarterly meeting was held at Poland. In 1802 Portland circuit was divided into Falmouth and Poland circuits. Josiah Dunn and John Caldwell were stewards of Poland circuit. Prior to 1800 Timothy Merritt became a laborer here, and his work brought a great revival. In 1802 Philip Munger was preacher in charge. In 1803 Joshua Taylor was presiding elder. Joel Wicker appointed to Poland. The years 1816 and 1817 were blessed under the labors of John Adams. Many of Poland's representative people were converted to Methodism, and many of their descendants have been prominent workers. Moses Emery and several of his family became Methodists. His oldest son, Moses, was a local preacher, and for more than 40 years and while his health continued, preached every Sabbath. His life gave the impression that religion made this life happy and the future glorious. He died at Livermore Falls, November 4, 1861, in his 90th year. Jlev. Natlian Emery., son of Moses Emery, was born in Poland, August 5, 1780. In 1795 he was converted to Methodism, and when 16 was appointed class leader ; in 1799 licensed to preach ; in 1801 ordained deacon ; in 1803 removed from Maine, and until 1821 he was appointed to prominent circuits in New York Conference. In 1816 he organ- ized the first Sunday school in Brooklyn. In 1804 and 1816 he was a member 748 History of Androscoggin County. of the General Conference. He afterward removed to Ohio and resumed itinerant labors. He died May 20, 1849. Mr Emery's ministrations were characterized by good sense, great zeal for God, and a deep concern for the salvation of souls. Rev. William Freeman Farrington was born near Worthley Brook in Poland, September 7, 1800, and died in Auburn, December 26, 1888. He was converted when 14, and preached his first sermon in Poland in 1826. In 1829 he joined the conference and preached in Durham. In 1856-58 he was presiding elder of the Portland district. He was a natural orator,and one of the sweetest of singers. His life was a useful and an unblem- ished one. The descendants of Josiah Dunn have largely identified themselves with the Methodists; among them, Hon. William Dunn, and Reuben B. Dunn, who was born in Poland, December 23, 1802, and was one of the strongest sup- porters of the Methodist church. He acquired wealth and gave largely to the cause he loved. Maine Wesleyan Seminary, Waterville Methodist Church, Boston University, and many other churches had in him a most generous benefactor. Poland circuit has been much reduced, and now embraces only Poland and Minot. In 1886 East Poland and Minot Corner had one church organization, with a membership of 41, two church edifices valued at over #4,000, and a parsonage valued at $800. Rev. J. F. Keith served this charge two years ; his pastorate commenced May 1, 1888. Rev. George G. Powers succeeded him April 28, 1890. The church membership is 56. There are three Sabbath schools with 89 pupils and 12 teachers. The superintendents are : Howard M. Dunn, C. ¥. King, and R. J. Everett. The Empire Grove camp-meeting is held annually. The grounds are improved each year, and they are among the finest and most convenient in New England. The grounds were leased, in 1858, for 99 years, and are near Empire station. The First Free Will Baptist Church was organized October 8, 1798. The first members were William Emery, Mark Emery, Edmund Megquier, and John Fernald. They met at the house of William Emery; Elder Zachariah Leach, of Raymond, and Elder Joseph Hutchinson, of Turner, assisted in the ceremonies. During the year Jonathan Fickett, Zudy Fickett, Edmund Megquier, and John Fernald were received by baptism. Meetings were held in houses, barns, and groves. Elder Z. Leach, the first pastor, preached from 1798 until 1824. Hubbard Chandler preached in 1825. During his ministry the church was reorganized and joined to the Gorham yearly meeting. Rev. Hubbard Chandler, born in Wilton, January 11, 1798, was son of Henry and Mehitable Chandler, early settlers of Poland. He was ordained January 9, 1822, and united with the Freewill Baptists. He preached in 120 towns, averaging not more than |50 a year for his services. He was a very persuasive speaker and a most successful missionary. He died November 5, 1866. In 1831 Rev. James Libby was settled as pastor, maintaining that relation until 1865. Rev. James Libby, son of Deacon James and Betsey Small Libby, was born in Town of Poland. 749 Danville in 1796. In 1828 he entered the ministry ; in 1831 moved to West Poland. The church prospered under his ministrations. He was one of the first four anti-slavery men in the town. Temperance was strongly advocated by him, and Sabbath schools. His remarkable memory and great conversa- tional powers made him an instructive and agreeable speaker. He attended more than 1,000 funerals, baptized about 1,000 persons, and performed tlie marriage ceremony many hundred times. He died March 6, 1884. The pastorate has been since held by Elder C. Bean, Jerry Hayden, David Libby, Ebenezer Eaton, and J. S. Potter. The deacons have been Robert Snell, Stephen Cobb, Francis Rounds, Joseph Allen, Joshua Lunt, William Barton, Israel Herrick, Mark Emery, Joshua Jordan, William E. Morton, Lemuel C. Keene, and William E. Lunt. The membership since organization has been about 300 ; present number, about 80. The meeting-house was built in 1834 and dedicated January 1, 1835 ; dedication sermon by Rev. George Lamb. In 1840 a number were dismissed to form a church on White Oak hill, after which this became the First Free Baptist Church. For a few jeAvs the pulpit has been supplied by Revs J. S. Burgess, Wakeley, Gosline, and others. The first choir was under the leadership of William Stevens, and then Benjamin C. Megquier. This choir disbanded. In 1848 a new choir was formed under the leadership of Nathaniel Keene, who held that position for over 30 years. There is no resident pastor of the church at present. The /Second Free Baptist Church was organized on White Oak hill in 1840, with 40 members ; the most had belonged to the First Church on Megquier hill. Among them were John Stanton, William Stanton, William McCann, Lorenzo Thurston, George Thurston, Joseph P'rickey, David McCann, Betsey Stanton, Lydia Stanton, Lucy McCann, Rachel Stanton. Rev. George Haskell was installed pastor and in 1841 35 members were added. From 1841 to 1856 the pastors were Rev. Smith Fairfield, Rev. Thomas Kenniston, and one other. From 1856 to 1876 Rev. John Pinkham did great service, and since preaching has been supplied by students from Bates College, and various itinerants. Plie membership is about 40. The church was built and dedicated in 1870. William Stanton and William McCann were chosen deacons at the organiza- tion, and held office until their death. Deacon McCann died in 1878, and was succeeded by Leo F. Thurston. Deacon Stanton died in 1885, since which time no one has been elected. Adventism was first preached at West Poland in 1842 by Elder E. Crowell, Joshua V. Hines, and others. A large number embraced this doctrine, and for several years the Adventists and Baptists occupied the same house of worship. In 1855 the Adventists erected a chapel, which was dedicated free to all sects and denominations. Deaths and removals have reduced this once large society, and no church organization or regular meeting is maintained. The elders who have resided at W^est Poland were Joseph P^urner, Luther L. Howard, O. R. 750 History of Androscoggin County. Fassett, Jesse Partridge, Joseph T. Jordan, Jared Whitman, and Rev. James Albert Libby, who is son of Rev. James and Nancy Fulton Libby, a descendant of John Libby, the English emigrant, and born in West Poland, July 3, 1832. He had a common school and academical education, and has been a teacher. When 26 he became a preacher and was ordained by the Adventists in 1859. He has labored in eight different states and in Canada. In 1869, accompanied by his wife, Mary (Chandler) Libby, he went to South Carolina, and preached and taught among the freedmen. From 1884 to 1887 he was settled in Castleton, Vt, and 50 members were added to the society. He now resides in Poland, and ministers to churches in the surrounding towns. He has devoted much time to literary work, and has published many poems. He is president of the Androscoggin Camp-Meeting Association, and Androscoggin County Conference. He is a Republican and a prohibitionist. An organized church of some 50 members holds regular meetings at Mechanic Falls. In 1890, the Camp-Meeting Association began to hold yearly meetings on its grounds of 15 acres, situated on the Lewiston road. The lovely location, the waving groves, the splendid scenery, combine to make the natural features peculiarly adapted to the designed purpose of a religious summer resort. The Shakers. — ^In November, 1783, Elisha Pote, Nathan Freeman, and Enoch Waite came into Thompson Pond plantation and held meetings. They were gifted speakers and singers, and many embraced their faith. A meeting- house was built, also mills in New Gloucester. By industry and prudence the Shakers acquired much real estate. For a while they retained their property as before conversion, but soon after it was held in common. They were joined by others from Buckfield ; they exchanged the lands on Ricker hill for lands in Alfred. J. M. Libby says of the Poland or Upper Family, in 1872 : " They came in 1819, exchanged their lands in Gorham for those they own in Poland with Andrew Twombly and Josh. Berry, and bought other lands. The family at first numbered 50, but at present something less than 40. Of the original 50 only five are now living. Elder Samuel Pote came with the family to Poland. The present elder is Nehemiah Trull. Their chief reason for leaving Gorham was the scarcity of wood and timber, large quantities of which they found here. The stone mansion begun 12 years ago, but not completed, has cost i>15,000, and when finished will cost '1120,000. They value their property in Poland at |!30,000. Agriculture forms the chief occupation, and is carried to a high degree of perfection. Gardening, grape-culture, and orcharding each receive considerable attention." In recent years this society has not flourished and their farm has been abandoned and sold. Poland Baptist Church. — Many of the early residents became Baptists, and united with the church in Paris. In 1824 they were embodied into a church, with 21 members. But they were few in numbers, and, after several years. Town of Poland. 751 they united with the church in Oxford, which became " Poland and Oxford " church. This union continued until the membership and influence was mostly confined to Oxford, when the name Poland was dropped. Gleanings from Records. — T/te First Town Meeting of which there is record was held at the "Centre School-House" June 5, 1824. 1825, April 4, voted to layout one-half of the interest of the ministerial fund, to be divided among the several denominations. 182G, November 14, voted not to annex Thompson Pond plantation. 1827, January 20, voted ^aQ to build a bridge across the Little Androscoggin river at or near Bog falls. December 18 the division of the ministerial fund was: Meth- odists, $12.90; Freewill Baptists, .$9.74; Congregationalists, .$6.88; Calvinist Baptists, $5. 1832, March 5, voted to grant licenses to innholders and retailers of spirituous liquors. May 29, the limits of the two militia companies, commanded by Captain Snow and Captain Kufus Haskell, were defined by the selectmen. 1833, March 13, voted not to grant licenses to retailers of spirituous liquors. 1834, March 31, Joshua Thurlow and Tilson Waterman were chosen to petition the legislature for liberty to .sell the school lands for a school fund. 1835, March 2, voted Wentworth Ricker, James Dunn, Nehemiah Strout, John Martin, and Sprague Keen pound-keepers, and their yards to be pounds. 1836, December 10, a meeting was held on the banks of the Little Androscoggin and chose David Harris, Samuel Atwood, and Samuel Lane to meet a committee from Minot to draw plans for a bridge across the river on the road leading from Poland Corner by Samuel Cousens's to " Bog falls." Plans were reported and accepted, and contract for building the abutment awarded to Simeon Lane for .$175. 1837, March 13, voted that each school district choose its own school agents; voted to receive the surplus revenue money; William Dunn chosen agent to receive it. and Josiah Dunn, John Cousens, and Jonathan Pulsifer to loan it, the interest to be appropriated to pay town charges. 1838, April 9, voted to fence the public burying-grounds. 1840, September 14, for governor, John Fairfield had 359 votes and Edward Kent 119 — the largest vote yet cast. 1841, March 6, the representative was instructed to oppose the petition of Samuel Jordan and 79 others of Raymond, Poland, and New Gloucester, for incorporation, and Benjamin Waterhouse Stephen M. Marble, and Tilson Waterman were appointed to draft a remonstrance. 1844, March 25 voted to purchase a poor-farm at a cost not exceeding .$1,500. 1846, April 18, voted to build a town house on the land owned by the proprietors between the Methodist meeting-house and Amos Cum- mings's land. John True, Jr, contracted to build it for $375. Alden Chandler was appointed to see that the work was done according to contract and the house finished by March 1, 1847. 1854, September 11, voted to buy, build, or hire a house for sufferers from small-pox or other contagious diseases. 1857, September 14, Joseph Freeman, William Schellinger, and Joseph Strout were chosen to sell the poor-farm and purchase a "new one." October 24, voted that the town purchase George Fickett's farm for $2,800. 1858, one vote cast for the liquor license act of 1856; 187 for the prohibitory act. 1859, February 19, resolutions were adopted denouncing the petition of the Poland Shakers to be set off from Poland and annexed to New Gloucester as "unreasonable, oppressive, and unjust." 1860 September 10, for governor, Israel AVashburn, Jr, had 324 votes, and Ephraim K. Smart 263. The Civil Tra?-. — Poland sent 216 enlisted men, 41 citizens furnished substitutes, and $45,230 was expended during the war. May 25, 1861, the town voted to hire $5,000 for aid of soldiers' families, to assist those only having a legal residence here, to appropriate (out of the above sum) one-half of a sum sulficient to supply the Mechanic Falls company with revolvers when Minot shall furnish the other half. July 22, 1862, voted to hire $2,250, and to pay each soldier (not exceeding 30) enlisting within six days $75 bounty. August 27 voted to pay a bounty of $100. September 9 voted to hire $5,000 to pay volunteers of the last quota $100 bounty. August 6, 1863, voted to hire money to relieve all conscripts from service. November 6, 1863, to hire money to pay each volunteer $300; November 13 to raise $250 for each volunteer under the last call. September 5, 1864, voted to pay $.300 bounty under the present call. December 24 voted $450 bounty to fill the quota. January, 1865, voted to pay $200 for one year, two years $300, three years $450. A. A. Dwinal Post, G. A. R., assisted by the town, erected a beautiful monument (dedicated May 30, 1887,) in the little park in front of the Poland Paper Company's mills at Mechanic Falls. 1865, August 23, Stephen C. Atkins and Daniel F. Ayer were appointed special police at the East Poland camp-meeting. 1867, voted 111 to 8 in favor of an amendment to the existing liquor law. October 12 voted to exempt from taxation for ten years property exceeding $5,000 when expended for manufacturing purposes. 1868, September 26, the school committee of Minot and Poland adopted text- books for the public schools. 1869, December 11, George B. Dunn and Charles Lane agreed to repair 752 History of Androscoggin County. the town house for the use of the hall for five years (when not in use by the town) for festivals, meetings, parties, singing schools, concerts, dances, etc., but December 31 it was " voted that the town house shall not be used as a dance hall," and to pay Lane & Dunn their expenses for repairs. 1871 it was agreed that Poland should send representatives in 1871, 1873, 1874,1876, 1878, and 1880, and Minot in the other years between 1870 and 1880. 1872, June 22, voted to .raise $3,100 to pay the rent of a shoe factory, provided the citizens of Mechanic Falls take care of the loan and provide the building with machinery. 1874, ISIarch 9, voted to raise .$500 for a free high school, and A. T. Denison, J. M. Libby, S. S. Littletield, David Dunn, and John S. Dunn were chosen to locate the school and expend the money. Voted to set off the Shakers from school district No. 12 and the Shakers's property in No. 1 to district No. 9 in New Gloucester. 1876, November 7, voted to build, with Minot, an iron bridge at Mechanic Falls. 1877, May 1, voted to fund the town debt by issuing 5% bonds. 1878, November 9, line between Poland and Oxford perambulated. 1883, March 12, voted .$2.5 for Memorial Day. Voted to abolish the school district system. 1884, September 8, vote on the prohibitory amendment, "yes," 306; "no," 103. September 29, Alfred G. Thurlow, Orren S. Keen, and Charles W. Dunn were appointed to sell the town farm and buy another. 1887, March 14, voted to build (and $800 appropriated) with Minot, an iron bridge at Minot Corner. September 3, voted to establish free high schools at West Poland and Poland Corner. 1888, December 9, voted to oppose the incorporation of Mechanic Falls village, and the annexation of that pai-t of Poland lying east of the Grand Trunk to Minot. 1890, March 10, voted for a uniform course of study in the schools, and $1,000 appropriated to buy school books. $1,200 was i-aised to protect Mechanic Falls against fire, provided the Poland Paper Co. give bond to furnish water. 1891, money appropriated at annual meeting, schools, $3,000; high school, $250; highways, labor, $2,500; roads and bridges, money, $2,000; poor, $1,200; other purposes, $3,925. The valuatioa of the town is $958,428. Schools} — Poland has ever had a good character of district schools and late years has sustained free high schools in various parts. November 26, 1887, the town voted to change from the district to the town system. This terminated the union of districts No. 20 in Poland and No. 1 in Minot, leaving 224 scholars in Poland to be provided with educational facilities. March 12, 1888, the town voted 15,000 for suitable school-buildings at Mechanic Falls, which were at once built. A. J. Weston was contractor for the wood work. These buildings are on Elm street, on commanding ground. There is a well- kept lawn in front, with walks and young shade trees, and large play-grounds, and all the spacious, well-lighted, and perfectly ventilated rooms are heated with steam. It is supplied with four teachers, and the most progressive methods are employed. Number of pupils attending in each department, from 40 to 50. The school is free to all Poland scholars, and the way is open for them to graduate here. The course covers three years in the primary depart- ment, four in the grammar, and four in the high. The high school has elective courses, English and classical. The classical comprises a preparation for college. The English gives more thorough drill in English branches and allows substitution of natural science, book-keeping, English and American literature, for the languages. Among those who have done good work for 1 Ruel J. Everett, son of David R. and Harriet E. (Cobb) Everett, is one of the sons of Poland who has successfully devoted himself to teaching. He was born here December 8, 1852 ; his father being a native of Norway. Mr Everett was fitted for his educational work at Hebron Academy and Bates College, where he was graduated in 1876, and for nine years was principal of the Oxford Normal School at South Paris. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of Mt Mica Lodge, I. O. O. F. In 1878 he married Annie L., daughter of James and Lucretia Curtis, of South Paris. They have a son, Philip R. Everett. Town of Poland. • 753 Poland schools are F. A. Millett,^ E. F. Bradford, M.D., J. K. Denning, B. M. Fernald, F. E. Hanscom, W. W. McCann, F. D. Shackford, and C. J. Cheney. Civil List.— Tom)?i Clerks:'^ 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, Josiah Jordan; 1829, 1830, Timothy Water- house; 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1835, Amos Cummings; 1836, Daniel Harring; 1837, 1838, Sampson Soule; 1839, David Dunn; 1840, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, Amos Cummings; 1845, 1846, 1847, Freeland Marble; 1848, 1849, George Bridgham, Jr; 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, David Dunn; from September, 1853, to March, 1854, Cyrus Briggs; 1854, Stephen Gould; 1855. 1856, 1857, David Dunn; 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, Andrew J. Weston; 1862, 1863, 1864, Thomas Hillman; 1865, 1866, A. C. Denison; 1867,1868, A. T. Denison; 1869, Charles Lane; 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, Zenas Lane, Jr; 1876, I. W. Hanson; 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, Charles Lane; from October, 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, Zenas Lane. Selectmen: 1824 — John Cousens, James Twitchell, Wentworth Ricker; 1825 — Josiah Jordan, Daniel Waterman, Jr, William Stevens; 1826 — AVilliam Stevens, John H. Bartlett, Jabez True, Jr; 1827, 1828— John H. Bartlett, David Harris, Nathaniel Dunn; 1829 — John H. Bartlett, Daniel Water- man, Jr, William Dunn; 1830 — Daniel Waterman, Jr, Reuben B. Dunn, Benjamin Waterhouse; 1831 — Reuben B. Dunn, Benjamin Waterhouse, Daniel Herring; 1832, 1833 — Benjamin Waterhouse, Zenas Lane, Moses Snell; 1834 — Zenas Lane, Joseph Freeman, Jedediah Pratt; 1835 — Benja- min Waterhouse, Daniel Waterman, Jr, William Maxwell, Jr; 1836 — Daniel Waterman, Jr, William Maxwell, Jr, Stephen M. Marble; 1837 — Stephen M. Marble, Joseph Freeman, AVilliam Stanton; 1838 — Stephen M. Marble, William Stanton, David Dunn; 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 — Benjamin Waterhouse, Eliphalet Davis, Joseph H. Snell; 1843, 1844 — Benjamin Waterhouse, John Megquier, Samuel Cousens; 1845 — Benjamin Waterhouse, Joseph H. Snell, Samuel Cousens; 1846 — Joseph H. Snell, Robert Martin, William Dunn; 1847 — Joseph H. Snell, Robert Martin, Samuel Cousens; 1848 — Robert Martin, Samuel Cousens, Rufus Haskell; 1849 — Robert Martin, Stephen M. Marble, Daniel W. True; 1850, 1851 — Daniel W. True, William Cousens, James S. Gerry; 1852— Daniel W. True, George Bridgham, Jr, Benjamin AVaterhouse; 1853, 1854 — George Bridgham, Jr, Benjamin AVaterhouse, AVhitney Frank; 1855, 1856 — Thomas Lane, James H. Fernald, AA^illiam A. Tobie; 1857 — Thomas Lane, James H. Fernald, Lewis Perkins; 1858 — Benjamin A\''aterhouse, John M. Allen, E. AV. Fyler; 1859 — Thomas Lane, AVilliam Cousens, Luther Perkins; 1860, 1861 — Thomas Lane, Luther Perkins, AVilliam A. Tobie; 1862 — Benjamin AA^'aterhouse, AVilliam A. Tobie, A. J. Weston; 1863 — Luther D. Cobb, AVilliam A. Tobie, A. J. AVeston; 1864 — Luther D. Cobb, Isaiah AVentworth, A. J. Weston; 1865 — John R. Pulsifer, Thomas Lane, A. J. Weston; 1866 — Thomas Lane, A. J. Weston, James S. Gerry; 1867 — A. J. AVeston, Joseph McDonald, AV. AV. AVaterman; 1868,1869 — A. J. AVeston, J. S. Gerry, J. C. Davis; 1870, 1871 — John R. Pulsifer, Simon Libby, Peter R. Tileston; ^Frank A. Millett was born in Hartford, April 28, 1844. He was the son of Lemuel T. (born in Peru) and Mary A. (Milliken) Millett (born in Scarborough). His grandfather, William Millett, was a resident of Auburn. He was the son of John, a Revolutionary soldier, and settled in (Bakerstown) Minot. This John was son of David, who settled in New Gloucester. David was the son of John, one of the proprietors of New Gloucester, and died in North Yarmouth, about 1785, and John was the son of Thomas, and Thomas was the oldest son of Thomas, the Englisii emigrant, who came over in the ship " Elizabeth," of London, in 1635, and Thomas was the son of Henry Millett, Gentleman, Attorney at Law, of Chertsey, Surrey county, England. Frank A. Millett married Lucy A. Faunce, November 29, 1866. In politics he is a Democrat, and has for many years been recbgnized as a prominent factor in the councils of his party. In 1866 he was entrusted with the management of the State campaign. He has been identified in many popular movements in his village and town; conspicuous among which are the improvements in schools, the organization of the G. A. R., and the I. O. O. F., having received the highest honors in the G. A. R., and the three branches of the I.O. O. F. He is a Knight of Pythias. He attended the district schools of Hartford, Auburn, and Minot, where his parents resided. He also received an academical education at Kent's Hill and Hebron Academy, and when taking a college preparatory course at the last named place, he visited Stoneham, Mass., in the summer of 1864, and while there enlisted in Co. I, 4th Mass. H. A., and served until the close of the war. He has twice held a commisison of trial justice, resigning that office when he became postmaster of Mechanic Falls, March 24, 1887, which office he held until April, 1891. He resides on the Poland side. 2 No record is attainable giving town officers before 1824. ^ 754 History of Androscoggin County. 1872 — John R. Pulsifer, Simon Libby, W. W. Waterman; 1873, 1874, 1875— A. J. Weston, Luther D. Cobb, Jabez T. Waterman; 1876— A. J. Weston, Luther D. Cobb, Jesse B. Stanton; 1877 — Thomas Lane, John R. Pulsifer, V. P. Waterhouse; 1878 — Thomas Lane. V. P. Waterhouse, Charles L. Hackett; 1879 — V. P. Waterhouse, Charles L. Hackett, Orrin S. Keen; 1880, 1881 —V. P. Waterhouse, Orrin S. Keen, A. G. Thurlow; 1882 — A. J.Weston, L. D. Cobb, Leonard C. Herrick; 1883 — V. P. Waterhouse, L. C. Herrick, James H. Stanton; 1884 — V. P. Waterhouse, William M. Megquier, S. L. Littlefield; 1885 — L. C. Herrick, A. E. True, James D. Downing; 1886 — A. E. True, O. S. Keen, James I. Chipman; 1887 — V. P. Waterhouse, James I. Chipman, Charles E. Stevens; 1888 — James I. Chipman, S. I. Jewett, Francis Storer; 1889 — James I. Chipman, S. I. Jewett, John G. Davis; 1890 — James I. Chipman, J. G. Davis, E. W. Jordan; 1891 — John G. Davis, E. W. Jordan, William Blair. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. ADNA CURTIS DENISON. ACCORDING to Burke's "Book of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain," "The Denison family is unquestionably ancient, the name appearing in the Charter of King Malcom I, who died in 1165. The English Denisons are said to have sprung from a cadet of this ancient house, who went from Scotland in the time of Charles I, who fought at Marston Moor." The family is undoubtedly of Norman origin; members of this family fought in the Crusades, and were entitled to bear a "coat of arms"; the motto of the Denisons is Domus Grata. The American Denisons are descendants of William of England, who came, in 1631, in the Ship Lion, with his wife Margaret, and sons, Daniel, Edward, and George, and John Eliot, afterwards apostle to the Indians, who was a tutor to his sons. William Denison settled in Roxbury, Mass., was deacon, and died in 1653. George had two children born in Roxbury. His wife died in 1643, and he returned to England, served under Cromwell, was wounded at Naseby, and nursed at the house of John Borodell, whose daughter, Ann, he married. He returned to Roxbury, and subsequently settled at Stonington, Conn., where he was almost constantly placed in important public positions. His wife was always called "Lady Ann." They were remarkable for magnificent personal appearance and force of mind and character. Capt. George Denison was distinguished in the military movements of the times, and also active in civil affairs. He has been described as "the Miles Standish of the settlement." His oldest son, Capt. John Denison, held a high position and was a man of mark in Stonington. He married Phebe Lay. Of their children, William, the fourth son, resided in North Stonington, married Mary, daughter of John Avery. Avery Denison, their son, was born in 1712, married Thankful Williams, in 1734. Elisha, the oldest child of this marriage, married Keturah Minor; their children were born in Stonington, but they eventually removed to Ludlow, Vt. Isaac, son of Elisha, was born in ^^ Town of Poland. 755 1778. The descendants of Capt, George Denison intermarried with the Palmer, Cheseboro, Stanton, Williams, Babcock, Avery, and many other prominent families in Stonington and vicinity, and his posterity is numerous and honorable. Isaac Denison married Electra E. Newell, of Farmington, Conn., October 21, 1798. He was a pioneer settler of the town of Burke, Caledonia count}^, Vt, going there when a young man, and by his industrious labors developing a fine farm and a pleasant home from the forest wilderness. He died in Norway, January 9, 1867. His children were Nancy C, Almira, Lucius, Maria, Rev. Nathan, Rebecca N. (married Alonzo Bemis), Minerva C, Adna C, Oscar A., Isaac A. (married Laurestine Bemis, resides at Mechanic Falls), and Rosalie S. Hon. Adna Curtis Denison, son of Isaac and Electra E. (Newell) Denison, was born in Burke, Vt, November 1.5, 1815. He had common school and academic education, and when fifteen years old became a clerk in the store of Morrill & Denison, at Sutton (his father being a member of the firm), and remained twelve years, manifesting a peculiar aptitude for mercantile life. In 1812, at the solicitation of his brother-in-law, Titus O. Brown, he moved to Norway, Me, opened a store at Steep Falls with E. W. Fyler and Clark W. True as A. C. Denison & Co., and in a short time wrought a revolution in the mercantile business of the Androscoggin Valley. He carried on trade in a different manner from former merchants, bought everything a farmer had for sale, inaugurated cash payments, transacted a vast business for years, and had a store at Auburn from 1845 to 1848. He was also largely engaged in supply- ing contractors on the Atlantic and St Lawrence R. R., at the head of firms at South Paris, Bethel, Gorhani, and Northumberland and North Stratford, N. H. He continued in this business until 1853. In connection with Dr Asa Danforth, Mr Denison built one of the first paper mills in the state at Norway, in 1848. He also had saw-mills, and every industry felt his influence. In 1851 Mr Denison turned his attention to Mechanic Falls, bought the old mill owned by Isaiah Perkins and others, and built the paper mill, now No. 1 of the Poland Paper Company. In 1855, with Sewall Danforth, he erected a paper mill at Duck Ponds, which he later purchased and removed to Meciianic Falls. From 1856, when he made this place his home, he was the leading business element. In the development of paper manufacturing, in trade, in the erection of buildings, in the encouragement of other manufacturing, Mr Denison, more than all others, added to the growth and importance of Mechanic Falls, and continued the manufacture of paper until four mills and two auxiliary mills were in operation on the three dams here, with a daily production of 15 tons. About 1880 his company was among the first to manufacture chemical wood- pulp to use in paper making, building a large mill at Canton for this purpose, having a daily production of 12 tons. Mr Denison's son, Adna T., was associated with him in 1862 and thereafter in his various enterprises, as was 756 History of Androscoggin County. also his son-in-law, Calvin M. Cram, for several years prior to 1883. Mr Denison was also prominent in the stock company that purchased and remodelled the large paper mill on the Farnsworth privilege, in Lisbon, which was burned shortly after its completion. Mr Denison married, September 13, 1838, Hannah, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Kennedy) True. She died March 28, 1881. Their children are Adna True and Fannie M. Adna T. married (1st) Sarah C. R. Welch ; they had one child, Frank VV.; (2d) Sarah W. Gunnison. They have three children: Ansel T., Adna C, Hannah A. Mr A. T. Denison resides in Portland. Fannie 31. married Calvin Morse Cram, now president of Fowler Manufacturing Company, of New York City. Their childreu are Agnes Denison and Fannie Warren. Since 1872 Mr Denison has owned the Cousens farm, said to be the finest on the old stage road between Norway and Portland, and in 1880 he made his home here with his nephew, Adna D. Bemis, who conducts the farm. (Mr Bemis married Ellen M. Young.) Mr Denison has been an active Universalist in religion, and a Whig and Republican in politics. His extensive business operations prevented him from giving much time to public positions, but he has served with credit in both houses of the state legislature. He has won the respect and esteem of an extensive acquaintance ; while his courtesy and benignity, beaming from a face of kindliness, have made Lowell's lines as true of him as they were of Agassiz, that "Where'er be met a stranger, There he left a friend." Luther Perkins, son of Oliver and Sarah (Elmes) Perkins, was born in Oxford, May 9, 1817. He married, in 1841, Mary L., daughter of Captain Jonathan Waite, a retired sea-captain of Portland, who had purchased a farm on Johnson hill. Mr Perkins then made his home at West Poland, and at once commenced to deal in cattle and real estate, in which he has extensively engaged for many years. In May, 1888, he removed to Mechanic Falls. He has been much in public life; was selectman three years; representative in 1871 and 1872; county commissioner in 1876, 1877, and 1878, and has been a justice of the peace for over 40 years. He has been prominent in society organizations — Masonic, Odd Fellow, Pythian, Patrons of Husbandry, etc., and is a public-spirited and generous citizen. He has two children, Alice (Mrs I. W. Hanson), and Kittie E. (Mrs J. M. Libby). Town of Minot. 757 MINOT, CHAPTER XLIV. Incorporation — Boundaries — Name — Physical Features, Soil, Population and Valua- tion — First Settler — Captain Daniel Bucknam and Descendants — Early and Other Settlers — Incidents of Pioneer Life — Voters of 1800. MINOT was incorporated as the 129th town February 18, 1802, and was set off from the northern part of Poland with these bounds : " Begin- ning at the southeast corner of the town of Turner, at a place called the Crooked Ripples, in the Great Androscoggin River; thence by a line drawn on the middle of said river to the Great Falls ; thence by the line in the act which incorporates the said town of Poland, until it strikes the Little Androscoggin River; thence by a line drawn on the middle of said river, until it strikes the Little Androscoggin River; thence by a line drawn on the middle of said river, until it strikes the southerly side-line of Hebron, com- monly called Davis's line, to the soutliwest corner of Turner ; and thence by the line of said Turner to the bounds first begun at." It is said that the name selected by the petitioners for the new town was Rayraouth, but the agent (Dr Jesse Rice) caused Minot to be inserted in the act of incorporation, in honor of Judge Minot, a member of the General Court, who rendered effective assistance in the passage of the bill incorporating the town. Nathaniel C. Allen, Esq., was empowered to issue a warrant to some suitable citizen requiring him to call the first town meeting, and the act of incorporation specifies that all future taxes are to be levied on the two towns until a new valuation shall be assessed, in the proportion of one-third to Poland and two- thirds to Minot. February 24, 1842, that portion of Minot east of the ''curve line" was set off and incorporated as Auburn. The Mhiot line was "to com- mence four miles from the Androscoggin river and run parallel with that until it struck tlie Little Androscoggin river." Phydcal Features, Soil, Pojjulation, and Valuation. — Minot has no high elevations, but the surface presents an attractive series of undulations, making a variety of hill and dale, while along the many bends of the Little Andros- coggin bits of scenery come out that would please and gratify an artist. From the higher hills views of more than ordinary beauty are presented. The soil in most parts is a strong, rich loam, with proper care giving good returns to the agriculturists. It has many good water-powers that have been largely improved and brought capital and developed a large manufacturing centre at 758 History of Androscoggin County. Mechanic Falls, where Minot shares with Poland in the increased advantages brought by manufacturing operations. Notwithstanding this, however, the increase of population has not made good the losses. In 1850 Minot had 1,734 population; in 1860, 1,799; in 1870, 1,569; in 1880, 1,763; in 1890, 1,355. The valuation has largely increased, from 1297,184 in 1850 to $752,146 in 1890. Early Settlers. — Moses Emery, the first settler of Minot, moved to the north side of the river at Minot Corner in 1772 and was the chief adviser and aid of the later settlers, and it is quite evident that had not his home afforded them a temporary stopping-place, and his ferry the means of crossing the Little Androscoggin, the settlement of Minot would have been much retarded. Captam Daniel Buchiam and Descendants} — In May, 1778, Capt. Daniel Bucknam, Jr, with wife and eight children, moved from Sutton, Mass., and made a temporary abode with Moses Emery. Taking his two daughters, Phebe and Ruth, aged 22 and 18, they traveled five miles north into an unbroken wilderness, locating upon the interval made at the junction of Bog and Matthews brooks, at Hawkes pond, where he had purchased a square mile of land. Here, against a large, square rock, near a little brc^ok, by the road from Mechanic Falls to West Minot, on the Hawkes farm, 'they erected a covering of trees, beneatli which they camped two weeks, while they built a log house between the two brooks on the extreme southerly end of the high interval. He then moved the remainder of his family. The youngest were Shephard and Calvin, twins, six weeks old. His two stalwart girls built the first bridge across Bog brook, and helped him fell the trees, and clear the lands, and raise grain enough to meet the bare necessities of life. The next spring, exceedingly high water, surrounding his building, compelled him to build a house on higher ground, near the junction of the Oxford, Hebron, and Minot roads, where he subsequently built good, substantial farm buildings. He was the second inhabitant of Minot, and was 56 years old when he came. His nearest neighbor was Moses Emery, five miles away, through a dense forest, not even a path between them. The only living beings about his home were Indians, bears, and wolves. The corn and grain that he raised had to be pounded in a mortar, or be carried on his back 15 miles to New Gloucester to mill. At one time, not returning at the usual time, nor even late in the night, Phebe and Ruth took his trail through the woods in search of him. When they arrived near Pottle hill, they found him fallen down, with the bag of meal lying across his neck, unable from exhaustion to extricate himself. He must have died where he had fallen had not his brave and faithful daughters rendered him timely aid. (It was years after this when Gen. John Bridgham built the first grist-mill at West Minot.) Continental money becoming worthless, he was unable to pay for all his land, but retained four iBy J. A. Bucknam. Town of Minot. 759 farms, known as the Shephard and Calvin Bucknam, and Hawkes and Bearce farms, which a change of town lines places in two towns, Miiiot and Hebron. During the Revolutionary War, Daniel Bucknam (being too old to enter the regular army) was chosen captain of a company of minute-men. He was a very large and muscuhir man, brave and loyal to his country, a great lover of jokes, and teller of stories. It was customary in those early times, about once a year, to "tackle up the horse and go to the west'ard" (Massachusetts), and pay a visit to their old neighbors and report what had transpired in the "District of Maine," and on their journey. At noon of the first da}' of his trip, he called at a country tavern (it might have been at Rickers) to bait his horse and eat his lunch. On entering the large bar-room, the big wood fire was entirely surrounded and every chair filled. No one moved to give him a place. He was terribly cold, so he said, " Gentlemen, I have in the shed a very wonderful horse. His head is where his tail ought to be, and his tail is where his head ought to be." All left their seats and rushed to the shed and found the horse turned exactly around in the shafts, contentedly eating his provender from the front end of the cart. They immediately saw the joke and returned and found the joker comfortably seated before the fire. They were so well. pleased that they passed the grog freely. Captain Bucknam was a famous farrier and horse breaker, and a great lover of horses. When on his death-bed he requested that liis favorite horse be led before the door that he might bid him farewell. He married, first, Miss Gould, by whom he had 16 children ; all died in youth except Phebe and Ruth. He m., second, a Miss Boydeu; he had three sons and three daughters. His oldest son, Daniel, 18 years old, was killed while felling a tree, leaving him dependent for help on his two oldest girls who could wield an ax equal to the best of men. They were gigantic in size, and it was said that Phebe could lift a barrel of cider into a cart, and raise it up on her knees and drink from the bung-hole. Phebe m. a Johnson, and was given a farm in Hebron for being the first white woman to live in the town. She m., second, a Tucker, of Dixfield, and third, a Seavey. Her children were enormously large and bony men and women. Her descendants are numerous in Dixfield, and are among its most respectable citizens. Ruth m. Mr Hawkes and settled on the original square mile in Minot. They had 11 children attaining maturity. They were very large and strong, and all, save one, raised large families. Shephard., the oldest twin, about 1800, m. Betsey Randall; they had eight children; all except one lived to old age. About the same time, Calvin, the other twin, m. Judith Bearce, by whom he had a daughter. He m., second, Zilpha, the oldest daughter of Deacon William Barrows, of Hebron, who was the founder of Hebron Academy, and one of the main pillars of the Calvinist Baptist Church. He spent his life fostering these institutions, and died at a ripe old age of 83, poor in purse, but rich in character. This is true riches — 760 History of Androscoggin County. he could take it with hiin ; the other is always left for children to quarrel over. Calvin Bucknam had, by his second wife, Zilpha Barrows, Calvin, Sarah, Hope, Eleanor, Joseph, Worthy, Zilpha, William B., Rebecca, Josiah A. [See sketch.] Calvin m. Laurinda Twitchell; they had one son and two daughters. Sarah m. Deacon Joseph Barrows, of Hebron ; tliey have one daughter living, Mrs S. C. Howe. Ho})e m. Lorenzo Merrill; they had five boys and four girls; four of the boys helped put down the Rebellion; one gave his life; all but two are now living. Eleanor m. Lewis Monk. Joseph m. Eunice Harris; they had two boys and four girls; all but one now living. Worth i/ m. Lucy Howard. Zilpha m. Ezra Mitchell. William B. died, unmarried, in Missouri. Rebecca m. C. C. Cushman ; they had nine children; four are living. Calvin's third wife was Mrs Olive Hathaway, b}'^ whom he had one son, Hamlin, and one daughter, Olive Elizabeth, who married, first. Col Alexander Ryerson, of Sumner; second, Leavitt Hanson. The son was the first volunteer from Mechanic Falls in the Civil War. He returned a captain, but maimed for life. He married Rachel Brown and has two children. Nearly three per cent, of the present citizens of Mechanic Falls on the Minot side are descend- ants of Calvin Bucknam, Sr. He had 83 descendants; 56 are now living, and mainly in the vicinity of Mechanic Falls. Capt. Daniel Bucknam 's younger daughters, Rebecca, m. Mr Dudley and had three children; Judith, m. Levi Beard ; they had three children. Daniel Bucknam had 22 children, 56 grandchildren, and the probable number of his progeny now living is more than 500. All of his family that he brought to Maine, and his grandchildren, with very few exceptions, lived to a good old age. He died in 1809, aged 87 years. His wife died 10 years after at about the same age. At one time they had 40 grandchildren living on the original mile square, the children of Ruth, Lucy, Shephard, and Calvin. The farms owned by Shephard and Calvin are now owned by their descendants. In the immediate vicinity of the Bucknams, settled the Dwinal, Crooker, Pottle, Currier, Woodman, Bridgham, Mood}^, Atkinson, Lowell, Atwood, Harris, Chase, Hawkes, Bearce, and other families. Nearly all had numerous children, and have many descendants now in the town, among the most reliable and enterprising citizens. Early Settlers. — Samuel Shaw made a clearing about two miles above Emery's settlement, in 1776 or 1777, built a log house, to which he brought his wife, in 1778, from Hampton, N. H. He died, June 4, 1827, aged 78. His brother Levi soon settled on an adjoining lot, and in quick succession many others located. According to S. W. Shaw, Henry Sawtelle settled on the Jackson place, Israel Bray, Jr, on the Emery place, Israel Bray on the Little- field place, John Herrick on the Quimby place, and Edward Jumper on the Rice place. In 1777 John Hodge located on the J. W. Hodge place. Job Tucker on the Nathan Downing place, Solomon Walcott on the Wm Hackett Town of Minot. 761 place, Edmund Bailey' on the A. M. Pulsifer place, James Toole on the G. P. and W. B. Merrill place, Stephen Yeaton on the place where C. D. Jasper lives, Stephen Yeaton, Jr, on the place now occupied by George H. Butler. Bradbury hill was settled this year by Moses and Benjamin Bi-adbury, Amos Harris, and David Dinsmore, each felling an acre of trees on four adjoining lots at Ross's Corner. In 1778 John Leach settled on the S. G. Pulsifer place, and Edward Hawkes near Hebron line. In 1780 John Coy, John and David Millett, who had made clearings and built houses in 1779, on Bradbury hill, brought their families for a permanent settlement. Coy settled on the Wells place, David Millett across the road, and John Millett where John M. Harris now resides. Benjamin Clifford on the Poole place. John Kowe and Zebulon Harlow on places adjoining. Mr Shaw says that nearly all these settlers had large families, making a much more densely populated neighborhood at its first settlement than in later years. All were originally from Gloucester, Mass., but later from New Gloucester. In 1780 also was made the first settlement on Woodman hill by John Allen from Gloucester, and Ichabod King from Kings- ton, Mass. With the close of the Revolution came hither many officers and soldiers, and settlements were made much more rapidly, and in various parts of the town. In 1781 Captain John Bridgham and his sons. Ensign John, Joseph, and Willard, came from Carver, Mass., and located at West Minot. Ensign, later Captain, John settled where L. B. Atwood lives, Joseph on the Joseph Crooker place, and William where the brick house stands on the William Lowell place, his father making his home with him. In 1782 Pottle hill was settled by Joseph, Noah, John, and Robert Waterman, from Halifax, Mass. Noah'^ located on the Abner Chase lot, Joseph across the road, John near by, and Robert, the place now owned by M. M. Pottle. Aaron, Amos, and Jacob Dwinal came the same year, Aaron locating where G. W. Currier lives, Amos where S. R. Pottle passed his life, Jacob on the place where John Ridley lives. Isaac Currier, Abner Chase, Moses and William Pottle came in 1782 or 1783, ^Edmund Bailey was a sea-captain, who came from Cape Anu. His sou, Samuel, aud Jane (Landers) Bailey were both natives of Minot, and their son, Edmund L. Bailey, was born in that town in 1827, aud was brought up on the farm, and has been in business as a butcher and cattle broker for many years. He is a Universalist in his religious preferences, a Republican in politics. He was one of the selectmen, assessors, and overseers of the poor of Minot in 1867-68-69, 1871-72-73-74-75-76, 1884-85-86, and 1888; has been a member of the Masonic order for 30 years, and is one of Minot's prominent and respected citizens. -He was a Revolutionary soldier aud married Mary Ellis. He removed to East Hebron; in 1810 came to the northeast corner of the town, and with his sons, Jonah, Lodowick, Noah, and Ellis, bought lands of Wm Francis and Wm Allen. The place is still called the Waterman neighborhood. Jonah m. Pamela Record; Alvan, of East Auburn, is their son. Lodowick, who bought of Allen, died in 18(iO, aged 71. He m. (1) Prudence Dillingham (daughter. Prudence, m. Simeon Fitz, and the last makers, Ira W. and Amos, of Auburn, are their sons); (2) Mary Shaw, of Plymouth Mass. (Ira T_ Waterman, their son, inherited the home place, m. Mary A., daughter of Noah and granddaughter of Alpheus Drake. Children: Charles E., Herbert B., Elbert D., AVillard H., George W.); (3) Polly Larrabee. 762 History of Androscoggin County. the two latter settling where is now the poor-farm. Elias Davis and William Harris settled the Patch place, from which they were ejected, in 1789, by the Bakerstown proprietors. In 1784 came Joseph Leach to the J. E. Washburn place, and William, Davis, Samuel Verrill, and Samuel Verrill, Jr, all settling not far distant. Hither also, in 1785, Dr Jesse Rice, the first physician, came, an educated and useful citizen. In 1785 came True Woodman to Woodman hill, whither soon followed him, from New Gloucester, Isaiah and John Wood- man. This has been one of the strong families of the town, many of the later generations holding prominent positions in society. Seth Sampson, Eliab Washburn, and others from Bridgewater came later. The early settlers in the Hersey hill section were Samuel and Chandler Freeman, who came from Duxbury in 1783. They built a log house on what is still called the Freeman place, and were joined, in 1784, by their father, Joseph Freeman. Jonathan and Peabody Bradford came, in 1783, with the Freemans, Peabody locating on tlie H. C. Briggs place, and Jonathan on the W. F. Perry place, where, it is said, he built the second framed house in Bakerstown. The young settlement was soon increased by Jonathan Chandler, his sons, Nathaniel, John, Reuben, Ichabod, Avira; Enoch Freeman, Samuel Paul, Major Nathaniel Nash, Thomas Gurney, Zebulon Davis, James, Noah, and Amos Hersey, and others, making a strong and compact settlement. Most of those last mentioned were from Abington, Mass. The settlement by 1790 was so well advanced that the various neighborhoods were no longer isolated and separated from each other, but were connected by roads and communication was easy. The fertile soil of the new land 3aelded abundantly, vacant lots were rapidly taken up, schools and religious meetings were established, log houses were being exchanged for commodious frame houses, in some cases by brick ones, and wealth and pros- perity were following the poverty and hardships of pioneer life. The county roads, opened between 1785 and 1790, one from Buckfield to Portland over Hersey and Centre hills, and another from Paris to Portland over Pottle hill, brought good communication for all parts of the town with the sea-coast, and by the opening of the nineteenth century all the requisites of a fully-developed civilization were in existence, and the wild animals and aboriginal inhabitants had given place to herds of cattle and sheep, and decorous, industrious Christian people. Smmiel Verrill., of Welsh ancestry, came from Cape Ann to New Glouces- ter ^bout 1760, and later to Bakerstown, locating near Centre Minot. He was an eccentric man in many ways ; one was in being strictly free from debt. His favorite and oft-repeated motto was, "Owe no man anything, but love one another." He died in 1821, aged 90. He had four sons, Samuel, Davis, William, Daniel, and six daughters. Samu, 1785, and became an early settler of Sumner. He died August 15, 1842. Children: Priscilla, John, Jacob, Josiah, Jerusha, Rebecca, Thomas B. John, born December 13, 1788, died May 9, 1869, carried on milling bvisiness at North Turner many years. He married Jerusha Fisher, March 27, 1814. His son, John (on account of his height of over six feet known as "the infant"), had a daughter, Hattie E.,m. Elias Keene, the hotel keeper. Jacob, born December 25, 1790, m. Betsey Shaw, and died in North Turner, March 18, 1872. He had many children. Josiah, born January 14, 1793, m. Deborah C. House, was a miller. He died at North Turner, October 14, 1866. He had children: Benjamin, Lebbeus, John, Gains, Jane, Elias, Rebecca, Elizabeth, and Deborah. Lebbeus, Jane, and Elias are living. Elias Keene was born in North Turner, July 2, 1825. His educa- tion was gained by experience, observation, and reading. He has familiarized himself with cabinet making, carpentering, farming, etc., and has carried on wool carding from 1849, since 1879 for himself. In 1876 he purchased the North Turner House. He has increased its capacity fivefold, and in 1881 built a commodious hall, which is the headquarters of the G. A. R and Knights of Pythias. He is a Republican in politics, a liberal in religion, and a radical in temperance. He married: (1st) Elvira I. Hayford, (2d) Eliza S. Drake, (3d) Hattie E. Keen. Children: Minnie E., Vinnie E., Maud E. Jerusha m. Solomon Stinchfleld, of Leeds. Rebecca, born March 24, 1797, m. Reuben Libby, and died March 15, 1872. Of her children four are living. Thomas B., born July 24, 1799, m. Sally Teague, and died February 21, 1858. 2 The Turner Fullers are the eighth generation in descent from Dr Samuel Fuller, who came in the Mayflower in 1620, was the first physician of the Old Colony, and a man of high abilities. He made the first will probated in America, and died in 1683. His son. Rev. Samuel Fuller, born 1623, was the first minister of Middleborougli. He died in 1694. Rev. Samuel had a son, Dr Samuel, father of John, whose son, Issachar, was father of Isaac, the father of Captain Isaac, of Carver. Captain Isaac m. Sally Ames, and was an early settler of Hartford. They had these sons: Edward, Ezekiel, Ephraim, Eland, Elbridge, Essec, Elonzo, Emery L., Edwin E., and three daughters. The death of one of the daughters in 1888 was the first death among the children for 50 years. Essec and Eland have been business men of Brettun's Mills and North Turner for years. 820 History of Androscoggin County. Reuben E. Fuller. Edward Blake, and Stephen and John Gammon built a saw-mill in 1817 at the -foot of Bear pond, and put up the first clapboard, machine in town. The manufacture of wooden boxes was later entered into first by Asa K. Staples, and, in 1857, Charles M. Willard^ engaged in the box business and carried it on until his death. His son, Charles F. Willard, continued it after his death. The mills are now operated by A. D. Parker. William B. Bray opened the first store in 1835. He built the store and dwelling on the site of the residence of John Keen, the early settler, and kept hotel for two years. William S. Young, son of Joshua B., built a part of the North Turner House for a hotel in 1837, and after some years sold to Samuel B. Holt, the tavern keeper for 20 years. After he died, in 1876, Elias Keene purchased the hotel. William B. Bray, Jr, was for years engaged in the successful manufacture of boots and shoes. Later, about 1876, Benjamin Keen and Peter C. Dresser began the business and carried it on five years, when the factory was burned. Lewis A. Farrar came from Buckfield and purchased the buildings built by William B. Bray of William Atwood about 1862. He has been in trade from that time and does an annual business of $10,000. Washburn Chair Factory. — Benjamin Keen^ and Harry W. Brown, as Keen & Brown, began to make willow chairs at North Turner in 1884, occupying Essec Fuller's carriage shop. In February, 1886, the building was burned. It was at once rebuilt with four stories and capable of accommo- dating 75 hands, though only about 30 are usually employed. This factory is the only one in the state, and here was made the first willow chair made in Maine. In the spring of 1890 the business was purchased by the Washburn Chair Company, a stock company composed mainly of Lewiston capitalists. T.*E. Eustis is president; A. D. Barker, treasurer; Mr Brown becoming super- intendent. The value of the plant is estimated at 115,000. The company has a retail store in Lewiston, and employs 25 hands in the factory, and gives work to many women at their homes. The company uses 25,000 or 30,000 feet of 1 Major Charles M. Willard, born in Keene, N. H., July 31, 1808, came to Maine, married Mary Russ, a native of Farmington, lived at Wilton and Farmington, and acquired a state reputation by the Willard pail. He engaged in lumbering and box making at Bloomtield, and was major of militia under Governor Fairfield. In 1857 he moved to North Turner and engaged in lumber and box making until his death, October 22, 1871. The business w^as then done in a primitive way with the old-fashioned up-and-down saws and but few men were employed. His son, Charles F. Willard, was born in Bloom- field, September 6, 1847, succeeded to his father's business at his death, extended and enlarged it, introducing improved machinery and circular saws, and in 188(5 removed to Turner Village, where he now conducts a large establishment, employs from 15 to 30 hands, keeps numerous teams employed, and has quadrupled the production of his North Turner mill. Like his father he is a Universalist and a Republican. -He was the greatest benefactor of North Turner. Long ago he fitted up the grist-mill for Job House, the miller; later he bought the carding mill for his brother Elias. He started shoe manu- facturing with P. J. Dresser and W. B. Fisher, and was the starter of the packing industry. Through his capital and influence the chair factory was begun, and every industry here received generous aid. He was a strong Democrat. He died the present year. Town of Turner. 821 rock maple lumber per year, and pays 152.50 per cord for rattan, and in the summer of 1890 paid i|3,3o8 for labor and materials. The little village has other industries, its lawyer and real estate agent (E. V. Stevens), a flourishing societ}^ of Knights of Pythias, Wilson Post, G. A. R. (see page 175), George Merrill's band. Keen's Hall, and a bright flow of social enjoyment. The United Packers Company, organized in April, 1890, canned the first season, at its works in North Turner, 200,000 cans of corn, 18,000 gallon cans and 10,000 3-lb. cans of apples, 8,000 cans of pears, 4,000 cans of plums, 10,000 cans of pumpkin, and 10,000 cans of beans. The present proprietors, E. G. Spring and J. P. Jordan, operate as the United Packer's Company. North Turner Cheese Factory (Richmond's Corner) was established in 1873 through the influence of Rackley D. Leavitt and Perkins C. Torrey. The production has increased from 30,000 to 85,000 lbs. per annum, and the annual business is -^10,000. The cheese made here stands high in the market, has a quick sale, and commands a high price. The factory has proved a wise and judicious investment, which declares good and regular dividends, paying eight per cent, on the original capital. It is owned and operated by the North Turner Cheese Co. of sixteen stockholders. R. D. Leavitt^ has been president and treasurer for much of the time. The present officers are : John F. Quimby,^ president; Charles Bonney, secretary; R. D. Leavitt, treasurer. Keen's Mills. — Nathaniel Robertson settled at Keen's Mills, the first one to locate on the south side of the river, and in 1797 or 1798 built a saw-mill, later purchased by Cyrus French, who put in a circular saw, a planing machine, and other machinery. Grinfill H. Keen, son of John, the pioneer, and Prince Waterman, the first blacksmith, were early settlers. The first grist-mill was built probably by Benjamin Allen, on the north side of the river, soon after Robertson's mill was erected. (Benjamin Alden, of Greene, owned much land here and aided in the development.) Hanover Keen became owner about 1805. It was destroyed by water in 1814, rebuilt at once, and owned since by Nathaniel Keen, son of Hanover. Adna Gilmore erected an iron foundry about 1820. He was a skilled mechanic. About 1870 Albion K. P. Gilmore 1 Rackley Deane Leavitt, son of Arch and Polly (Deane) Leavitt, was born in Turner, November 7, 1842. He is a Democrat and a Universalist. By vocation he is a farmer, a large fruit grower, and a progressive and popular man in the community. He has served as selectman and on the school com- mittee of Turner. He is overseer of Turner Grange, P. of H.; trustee of Blake Lodge, I. O. O. F. '^John Frank Qvimby, son of Israel P., of Sandwich, and Betsey (Hall) Quimby, of Dover, N. H., was born in Dover, December 25, 1850. He has lived in Turner, on the farm which he now owns, 33 years. He is a Republican in politics, has been selectman six years, and deputy sheriff for several years. He belongs to Nezinscot Lodge, F. & A. M.; Turner Lodge, I. O. G. T. ; Major Leavitt Lodge, K. of P. ; Blake Lodge, I. O. O. F. He makes dairy farming a specialty, keeping about 20 cows, averaging $35 per cow in cheese. He has made 4,500 lbs. of cheese from April to October. Mr Quimby has about 500 acres of land and 1,000 apple trees, many of them young trees. 822 History of Androscoggin County. put up a new building on the site of the foundry, and operated saw and grist mills. In September, 1887, these and the saw-mill of Cyrus French were burned, rebuilt, and are now in operation. W. A. Andrews began the manu- facture of clothing, in 1883, at Keen's Mills, with three cutters, putting out the most of the work to be made. In 1884 he introduced steam-power and five sewing machines, employing six women, and putting out the hand work. In 1885 he put in three machines and employed nine hands. In 1886 he introduced 11 machines and employed 23 operatives in the shop. In 1887 he enlarged his building, added a store and hall, and for a year engaged in mer- chandising, when he sold his goods to Briggs & Young. Mr Andrews has since devoted himself wholly to manufacturing, now amounting to 16,000 pairs of pantaloons annually. Mr Andrews was born in Turner, in 1823, son of Liscomb and Rachel (Millett) Andrews. He began business for himself when 18, in the mill on Thirty-mile river, and has resided at Keen's Mills 49 years. He succeeded the first trader, the blind man, Alden, in merchandising. A. R. Gilmore sells flour and meal, Cyrus French produces and sells lumber, H. A. Bemis makes extension cases, and John Bemis is the village blacksmith. Briggs & Young and F. B. Wing (postmaster) are traders. Among the farmers of this section are H. W. Copeland and Leander Lane. East Turner is purely a farming district of prosperous farmers. Dana C. Beals and H. G. O. Mower (see page 515) are among the number. South Turner has a canning factory, Cary & Leavitt's. Dyer's Corners and Howe's Corner are local centres of convenience. The last has a post-office. Geo. D. Humphrey, postmaster, keeps a general store. Chase's Mills. — Bani Teague had a saw-mill here before 1800, which was rebuilt before 1810 and a grist-mill added. Soon after the War of 1812, Southard Washburn became proprietor. Later Jairus Allen owned the saw- mill, William Lombard the grist-mill, and a clapboard machine was put in by a Mr Phelps about 1820. In 1835 Isaac Chase bought the saw-mill and a new dam was made lower down the stream. In 1837 Mr Lombard began to turn wooden mortars, bowls, and wagon hubs. After many years he was succeeded by Thomas G. Burdin, who did an extensive business in making hubs. In 1885 the factory was burned and rebuilt. Hubs and barrels are now made by T. G. Burdin & Co. C. C. Chase operates a saw-mill and shingle machine. Arthur Dow is in trade. Solon Chase is postmaster, and finds time to now and then write a breezy article to the Lewiston Journal and other papers. Here is what he wrote April 2, 1891, concerning the "doings" at Chase's Mills: Right abreast of our house is the river. The rising water has " riz " the ice up in the middle like a whale's back. Across the river is a bluff, known as Teague's Ledge. The ledge is covered with woods except where the rocks are so thick the roots of the trees can't get a hold. On these bare rocks the icicles form in winter, and keep growing until they hang down 100 feet, as big as large pine trees standing on their heads. The first sign of spring is the breaking away of the glaciers on the brow of Teague's Ledge. The bluff faces to the south, right in the eye of the sun, and, as it begins to thaw, Town of Turner. 823 the water works in behind the ice and draws up until it reaches a height of fifty feet. The pressure is so great that large masses of ice, sometimes with large stones frozen in, will come down the mountain side like a thunderbolt. It has been a hard winter to beat around in the crust and pick up scattering timber, but if the logs were yarded it has been a good winter for business, no bad drifts, and the main roads good from the first of December to the middle of March. Farmers have had a good time to harvest their log crop. The log crop is the main crop with many. Farmers can hardly afford to keep a team if they don't have a winter job. Some cut their own timber, others take contracts to haul logs and lumber, and when there is nothing else to do they haul slabs to Lewiston. The wood market is not " healthy," and hauling slabs from Chase's Mills to Lewiston is like carting coals to Newcastle, but there is no wood famine here; everybody can have all the dry slabs they want for $1 a cord. So many have left the country and gone into the cities that our two cities are booming and there is a demand for lumber in Auburn and Lewiston. C. C. Chase has just delivered 40,000 feet of lumber to B. F. Briggs, who runs a horse farm on Turner street, 1^ miles out from the Court House. T. G. Burdin is sawing out a large lot of stock for apple barrels. The maple sugar season is now well under way. There has been one splendid run. The steam that rises from the camp kettles looks at a little distance like the smoke of a tar kiln. The children and some of the older ones trip over the crust in the morning to the sugar camps to "sweeten up." Thelargest operators are Walter Mitchell, Arthur Chase, Jim Young, Herbert Russell, and Leon Snell. Walter Mitchell has tapped 1,000 trees, and Arthur Chase, 700. If you get any maple syrup from Chase's Mills it will be of this year's make and pure. Chase's Mills maple syrup is so well known, and there is such a demand for it, that none is kept over. The syrup that comes into the market very early is made from last year's crop and " doctored." The peculiar characteristic of the Chase's Mills syrup is that it has and retains the maple flavor. The sap is rapidly " biled " — the sooner the better after it is gathered. The sap drops from a galvanized iron spile into a clean tin bucket. All the impurities are kept out of it and the scum all skimmed off. The finished product is clear as crystal and ain't bad to take with hot cakes. The only trouble with the Chase's Mills syrup is there ain't enough of it. That is the only trouble with the silver dollars. There ain't enough of 'em. This year's crop of syrup is ordered ahead, and at a fancy price. People who buy Chase's Mills syrup don't always get it. Lots of it is brought up here from up back around the mountains in the region of Bergamot Pond, and sold in the Auburn and Lewiston markets for genuine Chase's Mills syrup. The syrup that is sent out of the state is put into one-gallon tin cans, and sealed up hot. The cans are packed in wooden cases. One shipment of 50 gallons has just been sent to Cali- fornia. Many of the cans never come back, and the price of the cans is charged in the bill. The cans are made in Boston, and this year the price is 30 per cent, higher. Arthur Chase says: " That is on account of that cussed McKinley bill." MerrilVs 3Iills. — The privilege at the outlet of Pleasant pond was occupied in 1811 by Levi Merrill, his son, Levi, and Luther Merrill, who built a saw-mill, later used as a match factory, and, in 1870, by Bailey & Merrill as a spool factory, which, with a saw and shingle mill, is now in operation. North Turner Bridge. — In 1825 a company was chartered to build this bridge, which organized in 1827 with Edward Blake, Walter Foss, and Nathaniel Perley, directors; Dr Timothy Howe, agent; Thompson Hall, architect; and a bridge, costing -$5,000, was built in 1828. A small villao-e sprung up. The stage route from Paris to Augusta later crossed the bridge, and there was much travel. Col Lee Strickland was postmaster and kept a store. In 1833 Church P. Leavitt purchased the business, was postmaster for nearly 25 years, and kept a hotel. He was a temperance man, and did much business. The bridge was carried away and rebuilt in 1839. The bridge has one long span 160 feet from the western abutment to the island, with a double track, and a short span from the island to the eastern abutment, with 824 History of Androscoggin County. a single track. The bridge has been well patronized. It has been quite a trading point. A. P. Burgess and Eugene Dojde are now in trade. Turner Centre Bridf/e was built in 1834 and 1835 (the corporation voting "to furnish no liquor"), to accommodate the travel on the new mail route from Paris, Buckfield, Turner, and Monmouth to Augusta. The bridge gave good dividends, was carried off by the ice in January, 1839, rebuilt, and carried away again in 1863, rebuilt in 1868, wrecked by a cyclonic storm July 14, 1876, and never rebuilt. Civil List. — 1787 — Ichabod Bonney, Benjamin True, Israel Haskell, selectmen; Benjamin True, clerk. 1788 — Benjamin True, Samuel Blake, Henry Jones, selectmen; Benjamin True, clerk. 1789 — William Bradford, Samuel Blake, Henry Jones, selectmen; B. True, clerk. 1790 — Samuel Andrews, Nathan Niles, Benjamin True, selectmen; B. True, clerk. 1791-1792-1793 — Ichabod Bonney, Samuel Blake, Samuel Andrews, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1794 — Ichabod Bonney, Samuel Blake, Caleb House, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1795 — Ichabod Bonney, Samuel Blake, Beniah Niles, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1796-1797-1798-1799-1800-1801 — Ichabod Bonney, John Turner, Chandler Bradford, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1802 — Ichabod Bonney, Benjamin Evans, Nathaniel Sawtelle, selectmen; Ichabod Bonney, clerk. 1803 — Benjamin Evans, Ichabod Bonney, John Turner, selectmen; Benjamin Evans, clerk. 1804-1805-180(5 — Ichabod Bonney, John Turner, Chandler Bradford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1807 — John Turner, Chandler Brad- ford, George French, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1808-1809 — John Turner, Joseph Bonney, Benjamin Chamberlain, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1810 — William Bradford, Daniel Cary, George French, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1811 — John Turner, George French, Jesse Brad- ford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1812 — George French, Jesse Bradford, Thomas Merrill, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1813 — John Turner, Joseph Bonney, Jonathan Phillips, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1814-1815 — John Turner, Jesse Bradford, Jonathan Phillips, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 181(5 — Joseph Bonney, George French, Aaron Soule, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1817 — Joseph Bonney, Jonathan Phillips, Alden Blossom, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1818 — Joseph Bonney, Jolin Turner, Alden Blossom, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1819 — John Turner, Alden Blossom, Aaron Soule, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1820 — Joseph Bonney, Asa Bradford, Philip Bradford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1821 — Joseph Bonney, Asa Brad- ford, Aaron Soule, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1822-1823-1824 — Thomas Merrill, John Blake, Philip Bradford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1825 — Philip Bradford, George French, Asa Bradford, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1826 — Philip Bradford, Asa Bradford, George French, selectmen ; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1827-1828 — Asa Bradford, George French, James Torrey, selectmen ; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1829-1830 — Asa Bradford, Job Prince, Joseph Bonney, selectmen; Joseph Bonney, clerk. 1831 — Charles L. Turner, Aaron Soule, John Blake, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1832 — John Blake, Job Prince, Hira Bradford, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1833 — John Blake, Luther Bailey, William Bicknell, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1834 — John Blake, Isaac Gross, William Bicknell, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1835-1836 — Isaac Gross, Seth Copeland, John Phillips, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1837 — Luther Bailey, William B. Bray, Alvin Leavitt, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1838 — Job Prince, Isaac Chase, John Phillips, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1839-1840-1841 — Job Prince, Seth Copeland, Elisha Gilmore, selectmen; Hira Brad- ford, clerk. 1842-1843-1844 — William B. Bray, Luther Bailey, George Turner, selectmen; Hira liradford, clerk. 1845 — Philip Bradford, Elisha Sampson, Sarson Chase, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1846 — Elisha Sampson, Stephen Bray, Ajalon Dillingham, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1847 — Luther Bailey, George Turner, Branch Leavitt, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1848 — George Turner, Justus Conant, Oren Whitman, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1849-1850 — George Turner, Arch Leavitt, Henry French, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1851-1852-1853-1854 — George Turner, Arch Leavitt, Benjamin A. Bradford, selectmen; Hira Bradford, clerk. 1855 — Samuel B. Holt, Jesse Bradford, Andrew Bennett, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1856-1857 — Samuel B. Holt, Jesse Bradford, Phillips Bradford, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1858 — George Turner, Samuel Jenkins, Deering Farrar, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1859-1860 — Job Prince, Mellen French, Charles Torrey, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1861-18G2 — Philo Clark, Sumner Bailey, Loren Alden, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1863 — Charles E. Bradford, Stephen Richardson, Loren Town of Turner. 825 Alden, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1864 — Charles E. Bradford, William Bray, Zebulon H. Bearce, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1865 — Charles E. Bradford, Z. H. Bearce, James A. Gary, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1866— George W. Turner, Lewis A. Farrar, Horace C. Haskell, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1867-1868 — Lewis A. Farrar, Horace C. Haskell, Horace True, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 18()9 — Horace C. Haskell, Horace True, William L. Bonney, select- men; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1870— William L. Bonney, Isaac Jones, Jr, Rufus Prince, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1871 — George W. Turner, Leander D. Farrar, Rufus Prince, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1872-1873— Rufus Prince, William L. Bonney, Lewis A. Farrar, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1874 — William L. Bonney, Roscoe Torrey, Daniel French, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1875-1876 — William L. Bonney, Aubrey Leavitt, Hira J. Pratt, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1877 — William L. Bonney, Henry Turner, Henry W. Copeland, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk. 1878-1879— Horace C. Haskell, Henry W. Copeland, John E. Ashe, selectmen; Wesley Thorp, clerk (died October 7; C. B. Bailey elected). 1880— H. C. Haskell, H. W. Copeland, Levi B. Perry, selectmen; C. B. Bailey, clerk. 1881-1882— H. W. Copeland, R. D. Leavitt, Calvin Conant. selectmen; C. B. Bailey, clerk. 188:5-1884-1885 — Rufus Prince, Aubrey Leavitt, J. F. Quimby, selectmen; C. B. Bailey, clerk. 1886 — H. VV. Copeland, H. C. Haskell, Aubrey Leavitt, selectmen; C. B. Bailey, clerk. 1887— Aubrey Leavitt, H. W. Copeland, Abel H. Pratt, selectmen; C. B. Bailey, clerk, until Decem- ber 12, then C. H. Bradford. 1888— Aubrey Leavitt, J. F. Quimby, H. W. Copeland, selectmen; C. H. Bradford, clerk. 1889 — Aubrey Leavitt, J. F. Quimby, A. C. Day, selectmen; Charles H. Bradford, clerk. 1890 — Aubrey Leavitt, J. F. Quimby, D. S. Thomas, selectmen; C. H. Bradford, clerk. 1891 — Aubrey Leavitt, C. A. French, Shirley Merrill, selectmen; C. H. Bradford, clerk; W. B. Bradford, treasurer; A. F. Gilmore, svxpervisor; W. B. Beals, agent. CHAPTER LI. Ecclesiastical — Congregationalism — The Baptists — Universalism — Methodist Epis- copal Church — Meeting-Houses — Schools — Temperance — Physicians — Lawyers — Cen- tennial — Something about Some of the People. CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY. — In the first years of the settlement Deacon Daniel Merrill conducted religious services regularly. The pro- prietors in 1779 offered to defray one-half the pay of a minister for three years and one-third for two more years, and in 1781 they requested the settlers to choose a committee "to agree and settle with the proprietors about it." In 1776 Rev. Charles Turner^ visited the plantation, preached and baptized. July 11, 1779, he made a second visit, received some into covenant relation, ^ Rev. Charles Turner, born in Scituate, Mass., in 1732, was graduated at Harvard in 1752, and was a minister at Duxbury in 1755, and continued for 20 years. He was a Whig and much in state affairs. Mr Turner was one of the agents for the claimants, the first treasurer and collector of the proprietors. In 1791 he moved here, and preached part of the time for a number of years. He died in 1818. Chil- dren: Hon. Charles Turner of Scituate, Gen. John Turner, Mrs Eunice Torrey of Scituate, and Mrs Persis Thayer. Rev. Mr Turner was a faithful preacher of the gospel, and the influence of his culture and education left its impress upon his townsmen. Col William Turner, brother of Charles, was grad- uated from Harvard in 1767, and for some years was a highly successful teacher. He was proprietors' clerk for years, and was a valuable officer in the Revolution. In 1801 he removed with his family to Turner, where he died January 12, 1807, at the age of 61. Children: William, Betty, Xoa, Charles Lee, Stephen, Eunice, Fanny, Oriens, Nancy, Aphia, George. Henry Turner, son of Charles L. and Cascarilla (Child) Turner, died in Auburn, June 20, 1891. He had been county commissioner, and in many ways was identified with the interests of Turner. 826 History of Androscoggin County. and baptized a number. For five years after the plantation was favored with occasional visits of Rev. Mr Brown, of Westbrook, and the Rev. Mr Nash, of Gray. In 1784 Rev. John Strickland, a native of Hadley, Mass., and a grad- uate of Yale College, came, and a church was organized August 16, 1784, with 15 members. Mr Strickland received the call of the church and congregation to become their pastor, and was installed September 20, 1784. In 1790 a majority in town meeting voted for his dismission. Mr Strickland did not comply with this proposal. " In this state of things his salary was tardily voted, and more tardily collected, and on the 20th of November, 1792, there was found to be due Mr Strickland £108 6s. 8d." In 1794 Mr Strickland's adherents were few in number. Nevertheless, he consented to continue their minister, agreeing to relinquish such proportion of his salary as the taxable property of those who left bore to the whole town. After this, the number of Mr Strickland's friends diminished by deaths and removals, so that, in 1795, the advice of an ecclesiastical council was taken, and May 18, 1797, he was dismissed. For several years after public worship was not maintained, and complaint was made in 1802 to the Court of Sessions of the Peace, "for neglecting to provide themselves with a public teacher of piety, morality, and religion." Mr Strickland and Rev. Charles Turner were each employed for a time. After both had preached the time agreed upon, a call, with certain conditions, was voted b}^ the town for Mr Turner to settle in the gospel ministiy. The church voted not to concur, but to adhere to the election they had made of Mr Strickland.^ As the church had been six years destitute of a pastor, some, dissatisfied that the church did not concur with the town, denied that a church existed. An ecclesiastical council assembled October 18, 1803, and gave its unanimous opinion that the church was not extinct. The church then voted to change to a Congregational church, and seven male members subscribed a confession of faith and covenant. In 1808 Mr Amasa Smith was employed by the inhabitants to supply them with preaching. Sub- sequently the church unanimously gave him a call to settle. The town concurred in the invitation, and Mr Smith was ordained May 23, 1804. The inhabitants of the town were not fully agreed in the settlement of Mr Smith, and the consequence was the establishment of a society of Universalists, which left the Congregational inhabitants free to organize as a distinct parish. The lands reserved for the use of the ministry and schools had been sold by order of the legislature. The school fund became productive in 1808, and the minis- terial fund in 1811. October 11, 1806, Mr Smith was dismissed. During the next four years the church had no pastor. In the spring of 1810 Rev. Allen Greely began to preach, and was ordained October 24, 1810. At this time the church contained only 21 members. "In 1816 God was pleased to impress iRev. Mr Strickland died October 4, 1823, in the 5()th year of his ministry. Town of Turner. 827 seriously the minds of a number, and the church was enlarged to more than 60 members." Mr Greely continued pastor till May 29, 1844. Later Pastors Hev. Henry Eddy, from 1.S44 to 1846 ; Rev. W. L. James, from 1846 to 1847 Rev. John Dodd, from 1847 to 1854; Rev. Samuel Bowker, from 1855 to 1860 Rev. S. C. Higgins, from 1860 to 1863 ; Rev. Stacy Fowler, from 1864 to 1866 Rev. B. F. Manwell, from 1866 to 1867; Rev. F. W. Dickinson, from 1868 to 1870; Rev. Alvin B. Jordan, from 1871 to 1872; Rev. F. E. Emrich, from 1872 to 1873; Rev. Uriah Small, from 1873 to 1875; Rev. Edwin S. Tingley, from 1876 to 1882; Rev. Richard H. McGown, from 1882 to 1885; Rev. Albert N. Jones,^ from 1886 to 1888. Rev. R. D. Osgood, the present pastor (1891), was settled over this church October, 1888. He was born at Bluehill, February 1, 1836, where he was educated at the common schools and academy. He enlisted September 6, 1861, in Manchester, N. H., in the Fourth N. H. Regt, and served four years in the army, two years in the signal corps. In 18(36 he entered Bangor Theological Seminary. His ministerial labors have been in Topsfield, Kennebunkport, Limington, Fort Fairfield, Me., Lyndon and Rochester, Yt. He is chaplain of Wilson Post, G. A. R., active in its interest and in all organizations whose object is the uplifting of the human race. The parsonage is valued at -f 1,000. The Sunday school has 150 members; A. S. Ricker is superintendent. The society is prosperous. The inside of the church has been lately painted, new carpets laid, and a new organ purchased. Bajytists. — The first section of an act, passed November 17, 1792, for "incorporating a number of the Inhabitants of Turner, and the Plantation called Bucktown, in the County of Cumberland, into a distinct religious Society " is here given : Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General Court assembled, aud by the authority of the same, That Simon Records, Joshua Keen, Edmund Irish, John Buck, William Selley, Benjamin Selley, William Lowell, Eleazer Chace, Joshua Davis, Thomas Irish, Stephen Lowell, Jonathan Record, Joseph Roberts, junior, John Thorlo, William Rich, William Berry, Lemuel Crocker, Andrew Eliott, John W. Elliott, Jouathan Philbrick, Joshua Wescot, William Dobb, Jeremiah Hodgdon, James Hodgdon, Thomas Lowell, John Swett, David Warren, Joseph Roberts, John Irish, junior, Enoch Hall, Nathaniel Smith, Jonathan Roberts, Jotham Shaw, James Jordan, Caleb Young, Amos Brown, Richard Taler, Joseph Chace, John Irish, Samuel Blake, Samuel Andrews, Asa Smith, Mark Andrews, Henry Jones, Benjamin Jones, Jaziel Smith, jun., Laban Smith, Daniel Child, Hezekiah Bryant, Levi Merrick, Richard Phillips, John Dillingham, Samuel Gorham, Jesse Bradford, Jaziel Smith, Daniel French, Daniel Merrill, John Brov?n, Ezekiel Bradford, Joseph Leavitt, Nathaniel Gilbert, members of the said religious Society, together with their estates, be, and they hereby are incorporated by the name of The Baptist Society of Turner and Buckstowu, with all the privileges, powers and immunities, to which other parishes in the Commonwealth are by law entitled. 1 Eev. Albert Newton Jones, son of Hezekiah W. and Susan F. Jones, was born in Weld. He enlisted in the U. S. service August 26, 1862. July 31, 1864, he was disabled by sunstroke, and discharged May 17, 1865. He was graduated from Bangor Theological Seminary in 1871, and entered the Congregational ministry, but his health failing he retired in 1888. Politically he is a Republican. 828 History of Androscoggin County. For several years after the incorporation, there were but few additions to the society. In 1816 there was an extensive revival, and eight persons joined the Baptist church in Minot, and Elder Ricker, of Minot, was employed to preach one-sixth of the time in Turner. May 12, 1824, a Baptist church was organized, with 23 persons, residents of Turner. The services were held in Nathan Cole's barn ; Nathan Cole and Thomas Verrill were chosen deacons. The first pastor was Rev. Adam Wilson, D.D., from 1824 to 1828. In 1829 Elder John Hull, from Nova Scotia, was engaged, but he died the same year. September 30, 19 churches in Oxford county met at Turner, and organized the Oxford Association. Elder Charles Miller, from Scotland, commenced preach- ing here in 1830, and continued till 1833. Elder William O. Grant came in 1833, remained one year. Elder Josiah Houghton came in 1835, and was with them until his death in 1838. Elder Eliab Coy came in 1838. Elder Curtis became pastor in 1839. In 1841 Rev. Adam Wilson, D.D., was again minister, continued until 1843. At this time the communicants numbered 133. Nathaniel Butler, D.D., became pastor in 1844, resigned in September, 1850. July 9, 1851, Rev. C. Ayer commenced his pastorate, resigned October 27, 1853. He was succeeded by Rev. L. D. Hill, from February 26, 1854, to January 9, 1858. His successor was Rev. H. B. Marshall, October 20, 1859. He closed his labors December 11, 1861. Rev. Abner Morrill was pastor from October 4, 1862, to July 25,1864. He was succeeded by Rev. John Richardson, who remained until 1868. His successor was Rev. I. Record, who continued until September 10, 1876. Rev. A. A. Smith became pastor December 3, 1876, and resigned November 30, 1879. Rev. S. A. Severance was here from July 3, 1881, to May, 1883. Rev. C. T. Clarke began his ministry November 18, 1883, and closed February 1, 1887. Rev. N. G. French came November 1, 1887. Mr French was born in Norway, March 12, 1861, and is a son of Benjamin and Mary L. (Stevens) French, and grandson of Rev. Daniel Stevens, M.D., who practiced medicine and preached at China. Rev. Mr French studied at China Academy, Oak Grove Seminary, and graduated from Newton Theological Institute in 1883. The same year was ordained pastor of the Baptist church at Harpswell. He was State Missionary for Maine Baptist Convention, 1884 to 1887. The church has 118 members. The Sabbath school has 75 scholars, 7 teachers, and a library of 300 volumes; W. H. French is superintendent. The present church building was erected, in 1867, at a cost of -110,000. It is a two-story building, 43x66 feet, and will seat 300 persons. The pipe organ was made in 1848, being previously used in the old church. The bell, bought to replace the one taken from the old church, was purchased in 1887, weighs 1,000 pounds, and cost $280. The parsonage is valued at #1,000. The UnlvermliHt Parish. — December 24, 1803, a petition to the house of representatives was drawn and signed by Jabez Merrill, Arthur Bradman, Samuel Pumpilly, Levi Merrill, Seriah (or Seriab) Merrill, Hezekiah Bryant, Jr, Town of Turner, 829 Hezekiah Bryant, Richard Phillips, Jesse Bradford, David Hood, Reuben Thorp, John Soul, Aaron Soul, Nathaniel Sawtell, Benjamin Sawtell, Joshua Whitman, Elisha Pratt, Ezekiel Bradford, Jr, Isaac Jones, Benjamin Jones, Jr, Bennet Pumpilly, Jabez Merrill, Jr, Abraham Maxim, Richard Phillips, Jr, Gushing Phillips, Robert Bradman, Benjamin Chamberlain, Cyrus Leavitt, Joseph Leavitt, Jr, William Bradford, Ephraim Turner, Asa Bradford, Joseph Bonney, Abie! O. Turner, James Leavitt, Chandler Bradford, Henry Jones, Jr, William Gorham, William Bradford, Jr, Samuel Kinsley, Samuel Kinsley, Jr, Ichabod Bonney, Jr, Daniel E'rench, Jr, George French, Elijah Gilbert, Josiah Gilbert, Elijah Gilbert, Jr, Church Pratt, Joseph Merrill, Jabez T. Merrill, Caleb Gilbert, and Moses Allen, stating that they had formed themselves into a distinct religious parish by the name of "The First Universalist Gospel Parish in Turner," and asking to be incorporated by an act of General Court. Arthur Bradman was to be clerk of this society. May 14, 1804, an article in a warrant to see if the town would send an agent to object to the incorpora- tion was unanimously voted down, yet 40 citizens sent a petition to the General Court, dated May 28, setting forth their fears if the parish was incor- porated that it would become so large as to cause them "to Relinquish an Institution which they believe highly important and interesting to themselves, their Rising Families and Society at large," and remonstrating against the incorporation. The matter was, however, evidently freely discussed with good feeling, for November 5 a petition was sent by 26 leading citizens, not Uni- versalists, to the General Court, "humbly praying your Honors to concur with the Honorable Senate in granting the prayer of the Universalists' Petition." The act was passed February 16, 1805, incorporating 54 persons into a society, to which 30 were added in a year. By an act of the Maine Legislature, this original act of incorporation was rescinded, and the society made a territorial parish about 1830. On the formation of the society articles of agreement were drawn up and adopted, one of which pledged the members never to go to law with each other, but to refer all serious misunderstandings to arbitration, and they also covenanted that they never would take unlawful or more than six per cent, interest on money loaned. Rev. Thomas Barns, of Poland, frequently preached in town from 1800 to 1816. Rev. Isaac Root also preached during these years. In 1806 Rev. Sebastian Streeter preached and awakened a deep interest. Previous to 1824, there was also preaching by Revs. William Frost, Jabez Woodman, William Farewell, Mr Smith, Mr Sargent, Benjamin Thorn, and others. About 1824, Rev. Sylvan us Cobb commenced a ministry of two or three years. Rev. William A. Drew supplied a part of the time. February, 1827, Rev. George Bates commenced his ministry, preaching every other Sabbath until January, 1830, when he was settled as the minister of the First Parish in Turner. Rev. William A. Drew, of Augusta, preached the installation sermon. Rev. Mr Bates continued to perform the duties of his 830 History of Androscoggin County. office until 1852. A church was organized October 12, 1849, of 29 members. Dr Howe says of Rev. George Bates: "Of his character and standing as a man it is improper for me to speak as he is yet living, and of his merits as a preacher it is quite unnecessary for me to speak, for few preachers in the state of any denomination are more widely or generally known than Rev. George Bates." He died in Auburn, January 24, 1876, aged 78 years. In March, 1853, Rev. W. R. French ' was engaged as pastor, and continued 17 years. In 1870, Rev. H. C. Munson became their pastor, and remained about seven years. In 1878 Rev. G. M. D. Barnes was engaged, and in August, 1879, Rev. W. R. French became pastor and continued four years. In the autumn of 1883 Rev. John Kimball was secured and was here until July 1, 1886, when he resigned. Rev. W. W. Smith was engaged in June, 1887, remained until 1890, and Rev. James Eastwood became pastor in October, 1890. Methodist Episeo'pal Chiirrh. — Meetings were held in Turner several years ago by the resident Methodists. Occasionally a minister would give them a sermon, as he was passing that way. Prayer-meetings were held in private houses. No class was formed for some tinae. Rev. Leonard Green preached in the village school-house as he had opportunity. He was a very acceptable preacher. Rev. E. Martin preached for them from time to time. They seemed to catch his zeal and enthusiasm and began to think of doing something. January 9, 1879, a society was organized and went to work with the energy of the fathers. Rev. S. T. Record organized the M. E. Church here. May 8, 1879, and was the first pastor. He served the circuit composed of Turner and Buck- field three years. During his pastorate the church erected a meeting-house and finished the vestry, a very neat and pleasant place, which the church has occupied. Rev. N. C. Clifford served the circuit in 1882. He was an indefat- igable worker, and aided very essentially in finishing the church building. Rev. John Moulton was appointed pastor for North Auburn, Turner, and Buckfield, in 1883. He served faithfully three years, living at North Auburn. He did not do any work in Buckfield. May, 1886, Rev. J. L. Roberts came to the circuit of Turner and Buckfield, and served it one year. He left a mem- bership of 31 and four probationers. While he was here the church bought a parsonage, which he occupied, but it was sold the next year. Rev. M. K. 1 Kev. William Riley French, A.M., D.D., grandson of Daniel French, was born in Turner, June 8, 1814. In 1833 he became a student at Wesleyan Seminary at Kent's Hill; in 1836 he entered Water- ville College, now Colby University. He became a Universalist and from 1840 to 1853 he had pastorates in North Fryeburg, Lewiston Falls, and West Auburn. He settled in Turner in IS.'iS, where he did good work for 17 years, and while here he received the degree of A.M. from Tufts College; from 1870 for five years lie was pastor of the Union Parish, Unitarian and Universalist, Brunswick; in 1875 he returned to Turner, and August, 1879, commenced a pastorate of four years; in June, 1885, the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by Tufts College; after a ministry of two and a half years at Bowdoinham, he retired to his home in Turner, where he has since resided, occupying himself with preaching, writing, and other work. He compiled a history of Turner, which was published in 1887. Town of Turner. 831 Mabry^ came in May, 1887, and served four years. He commenced with 25 members, and closed his third year with 48 members and six probationers. The present membership is composed of men and women of small means as regards property, but have great faith in God. The Sunday school is small, because there are few children connected with the church, but preaching is sustained every Sunday, and the Sunday school throughout the year. The Lord blesses the faithful few. Rev. A. B. Graffam succeeded Mr Mabry. The audience room having been fitted up, the church was dedicated September 29, 1891. Meeting-house s. — In 1783 the proprietors contracted with Samuel Blake, Henry Jones, John Keen, Nathan Niles, William Bradford, Joseph Leavitt, Benjamin Jones, and Jabez Merrill, as agents for the settlers, to build a house " not less than 35 feet square, 20 feet posts, to board and clapboard the walls, board and shingle the roof, set 24 window-frames, glaze six windows and lay the lower floor." For this they were to pay X78 and the settlers were to be the owners. It was located on Upper street and was the only meeting-house until 1819, when the Congregationalists built one further west. This was burned in 1836 and rebuilt on the site of the town meeting-house. In a few years this was sold and the church built at the village. In 1825 the Universalists erected a large church on Lower street. This was taken down in 1848 and a new one built at the Centre. Of the chapel at Richmond's Corner, Dr Howe said in 1843: "It was built in 1841 by the iRev. Madison K. Mabry [By Llewellyn A. Wadsworth, of Hiram.] was born in Hiram, Me., October 17, 1824, of parents eminent in moral, mental, and physical excellence. In his life on the farm he developed habits of industry and activity. He was educated in the schools of Hiram and at VVestbrook Seminary. At the age of 17 he commenced teaching, which he followed 40 years in Hiram, Porter, Parsonsfield, Brownfield, Waterford, Bridgton, Denmark, Baldwin, Sebago, Saco. He was preceptor of Limerick Academy three years, from March, 18ii7, and principal of Parsonsfield Seminary two years. He served often as school committee and supervisor of schools iu Hiram, and was super- visor of schools of York county three years. He was justice of the peace in Hiram seven years. He has taught 112 terms of school, including several terms of free high school, and won golden opinions for his sympathetic kindness, keen, clear powers of analysis, description, and illustration, and his name still lingers in the school-day memories of hundreds of his pupils. He was ever on the alert, with versatile powers, restless energy, ceaseless activity, and fearless independence of character; a ready and pleasing speaker, with an ample fund of wit, humor, anecdote, and general information, with fine conversational and controversial powers, he led the vanguard of temperance, freedom, morality, and education in Hiram for 30 years. In these particulars he has not been exceeded by any citizen in this century. He married, first, Dorcas True. They had three sons and four daughters, who attained maturity, and had excellent scholarship and musical talent, and the home circle was a model of intel- ligence, culture, and refinement. March KJ, 188(i, he married Ella T., daughter of Francis Safford, of Turner (she is granddaughter of Benjamin Safford, who came from Minot and was the pioneer settler at North Turner Bridge. His children were Nathan, AVilliam, Francis, Eliza, and Polly. Mrs Mabry's mother was daughter of Zebulon Millett, of Leeds). In 1876 Mr Mabry experienced religion and joined the Methodist church. He received a local preacher's license in 1881, and has served in Mercer, Fairfield, Livermore, Turner, and Rumford with good results, enhanced by his genial nature, broad humanity, and catholicity of spirit. Mr Mabry has always been a radical in politics and in temper- ance. He enlisted June 17, 1862, and was commissioned a lieutenant in the loth Me, but was discharged for disability the same year. He was very active in raising the quotas of his town and in sending supplies to sick and wounded soldiers. He is connected with several fraternal societies and has been grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge of I. O. G. T. of Maine. 832 History of Androscoggin County. Universalists alone, but they use it only one-half of the time, and the other half (like the gate of Heaven) 'it stands open night and day' to any sect of worshipers who ma}' choose to enter in and enjoy it." A Union church was built in North Turner and dedicated in 1877 free from debt. It is free to all religions. Schools. — The first school was a private one, taught by Arthur Bradman in 1788. In 1790 Joseph Stockbridge was employed to teach a public or town school. After him Elisha Sylvester and Benjamin Evans were successively employed for several years each as public school teachers. In 1792 .£20 was voted by the town for a school. In 1793 X24 was raised to build a school- house on Lower street. In 1791: Benaiah Niles, Seth Staples, and Jabez Merrill were chosen school committeemen. Liberal support was given to education and the schools improved in number and character. Dr Howe says (1843) : " The town has 18 school districts in which a public school is annually taught of from four to eight months' duration, according to the number of scholars and price paid for tuition. There is a regular grammar or high school taught for six months during each year, wholly supported by the interest arising from the town school fund. This school is alternatel}' kept in different sections of the town, and furnishes great advantages not only to those youth who wish to pursue the higher branches of education, but in exciting a tone of feeling or emulation in the primary schools which is necessary to the full development of their purposes; as well as by furnishing annually a large number of teachers of both sexes to supply the demands of this and neighbor- ing towns." For some years free high schools have been kept in the spring and free grammar schools in the fall. Some time ago the town abolished the district system and a town committee supervises the educational interests and employs the teachers. The school-houses belong to the town. The best of results have followed this action. Temperance. — Dr Howe writes thus of the temperance movement of 50 years ago : " The joyful tidings of the Washingtonian reformers reached Turner in. the fall of 1841, and two new temperance societies were simul- taneously formed upon the new principles in different sections of the town. The ladies soon caught the inspiration of the times and formed two auxiliary Samaritan societies. The two sexes thus cutting together like the two blades of the scissors, have made a smooth work among us of the temperance reform." The good work thus begun has steadily increased in influence, and at present there are three lodges of Good Templars in active operation in tlie town. Centomial Celebration. — July 7, 1886, a large number celebrated the cen- tennial of the incorporation of the town. The committee in charge was Hon. Rufus Prince, Major H. C. Haskell, Rackley D. Leavitt, Dr John T. Gushing, Elias Keene, and Henry Turner. The procession was a mile in length. Many representations of old-time life were shown, and large tents were erected to Town of Turner. 833 accommodate the multitude. The order of exercises in the great tent was: Centennial March, by Norway Band; prayer by Rev. E. Martin; singing by chorus of 100 voices, Albert E. Bradford conductor; address of welcome by Dr J. T. Gushing; historical address by Rev. W. R. French, D.D.; singing; poem by Mrs Caroline W. D. Rich, of Auburn, granddaughter of Joseph Leavitt, one of the first settlers; dinner in a large tent on the grounds; address by Hon. Washington Gilbert, of Bath; music; address by Hon. George A. Wilson, of South Paris; music; short speeches by residents, former citizens, and guests; (among these were Hon. E. B. Washburn; ex-Governor Merrill, of Iowa; Dr Pearl Martin, of Medford, Mass.; Clarence Hale, Esq., of Portland; Col F. M. Drew, of Lewiston; ex-Governor Sidney Perham, of Paris; Dr Kendall Newhall, of Rhode Island ; Solon Chase; Daniel Lara, of Auburn; Hon. Rufus Prince;) singing; music. Physicians. — Br Daniel Child was the first one in town. He came from Woodstock, Conn., in 1781, settled on Lower street, and was a very skillful physician. He died in 1802. Dr Luther Cary was born in Bridgewater, Mass., in 1761. He served his country for four years, enlisting at the age of 14. He then became a physician, and came to Turner in 1798, and settled near the south end of Lower street. He was a man of high character and a successful practitioner. He had a large family. One son, Hugh, lived and died on the home farm. Dr Cary was several times president of the Medical Society of Maine, in 1805 was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the county of Oxford, and he was made president of Oxford County Tem- perance Society at its organization in 1829. He died in 1848 of old age. Dr Timothy Howe, born in Hillsborough, N. H., in 1778, moved into Turner about 1804. He subsequently removed to Brettun's Mills, Livermore, but returned to Turner, where he died in August, 1848. He was a man of fine education, and wrote a history of Turner (unpublished), from which we have gleaned much of value. Dr PliUip Bradford was born at Turner Centre, July 15, 1789. After attending the town schools, he studied at Hebron Academy, then attended lectures in the medical department of Dartmouth College, where he received his M.D. He located in Turner. He was a successful practitioner, and practiced also in Greene and Leeds, and other towns. He enjoyed the confidence of the public, both as a man and physician.. He died June 24, 1863. Dr Henry D. Irish was born in Buckfield in 1821. He studied medicine, and located at Turner Village, December, 1847. He was energetic, persevering, and persistent in a remarkable degree. He was one of the leading physicians at the time of his death, January 16, 1871. Dr H. L. Irish, his son, commenced practice in the village in March, 1875. He was graduated from a medical school in New York City, and is a successful practitioner. Dr William. H. Jewett located in Turner Village, and was a resident physician through life, except a term of service as surgeon in the Civil War. He was a faithful 834 History of Androscoggin County. physician. He died August 26, 1879. Br Elhridge Gr. Edgecomh, son of Ben- jamin and Sarah Edgecomb, was born in Livermore, August 17, 1814. He was graduated at the medical department of Bowdoin College, and received his degree in 1845. He practiced successfully in Readfield and Foxcroft, and located in Turner in 1866, where for a quarter of a century he has attended to the arduous duties of his profession. Dr Riclmiond Bradford opened an ofhce here, but soon removed to Auburn. Dr Moscoe Smithy a native of Peru was educated at Maine State College and Bates College. He attended medical lectures at Brunswick and Harvard. He located in Turner in 1871, and by attention to his professional duties soon acquired a large business. He m. Ellen, daughter of Hon. Keuel Washburn. He owns and conducts a stock farm, and served his country in the Rebellion. He is a temperance worker, a member of the G. A. R., and a Mason, and is the present representative from Turner- Livermore district. Dr John T. CusJihu/, son of Charles and Sarah R. Cushing, was born in Turner, September 30, 1831. He attended college at Kent's Hill, studied medicine at the University of Michigan, and in 1864 received his M.D. from the University of Iowa, Keokuk, Iowa, and was principal of an academy in Georgia for four years. He married Hortense, daughter of James Sullivan Hale. He was a surgeon during the Civil War, and at its close located in Huron, Ohio, as a physician. He served on the school board and in the cit}^ council, and was mayor of Huron for several years. He returned to Turner in 1881, and has represented his town in the legislature, and held other offices of trust. He was appointed special agent of the United States to collect statistics of recorded indebtedness in Maine for the eleventh census, and in November, 1890, was appointed to an executive office in the division of mines and mining in the U. S. census bureau. He is a Republican in politics. He is a skillful physician and surgeon, and has been vice-president of Erie County Medical Society, of Ohio, and a member of Ohio State Medical Society, and Androscoggin County Medical Society. Oliver A. Sprar/ue^ M.D.^ son of Virgil H. and Julia R. Sprague, was born in Greene, January 6, 1864. He acquired his medical education at Maine Medical School, and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, where he received his degree, March 11, 1889. After some practical experience in New York Cit}^ hospitals, he returned to Greene, and September 1, 1889, located in Turner, and is enjoying a good practice. Lawyers. — Ezekiel Whitman came in 1799. William K. Porter, of Bath, practiced here 16 years, dying in 1834. He was succeeded by Charles Andrews, Timothy Ludden, Mandeville T. Ludden, and Barzilla Streeter, who were here for a few j^ears. The present lawyer is E. V. Stevens. (See Bench and Bar.) Governor William Bradford was born in Yorkshire, England, March, 1589, and died May 9, 1657, in Plymouth, Mass., whither he had come in 1620 in the " Mayflower." He was governor of Plj'-mouth Colony 31 years. His oldest son by his second wife, Mrs Alice Southworth, was William, who Town of Turner. 835 was deputy-governor. William's third wife was the widow of Rev. John Holmes. Their son Ephruim m. Elizabeth Brewster, of Duxbury. Of their children, Ezekiel (born in Kingston, 1728, died in 1816), married Betsey Chandler (born in Duxbury, 1728, died in Turner, 1811), and came to Turner about 1782. Six of his sons were also settlers here. His children were Uphraim, m. Judith Moulton ; William, m. Asenath Mason in 1776, lived on the Calvin McKenney farm ; children, William and Asa. William, Ji\ m. Chloe Phillips. Their married life continued over half a century. He was a great lover of music, a strong temperance advocate, and a liberal supporter of the gospel. He died in March, 1860, aged 83. His only son, Cren. Phillips Brad- ford, was born September 28, 1816, and died in Auburn, July 24, 1889. He m. Mary B. Bird, of Auburn ; their children were Rose (Mrs A. S. Daggett) and Commander Royal B. Bradford, U. S. N., who took a four years' course at the Naval Academy, was an honor man in his class, and now commands the U. S. S. Bennington. It was mainly through his efforts and those of Mellen Bray, Esq., of Boston, that a fine monument was erected in the Upper street burying-ground to the memor}^ of Ezekiel Bradford and his wife. Gen. Brad- ford acquired the rank of brigadier-general in the militia. He cultivated one of the finest and largest farms in town. He was conversant with town affairs, represented Turner in the legislature in 1866 and 1867, was a Mason for many years ; Deborah m. Barnabas Winslow ; Jesse m. Judith Weston, and erected a large house and a lumber and flour mill at Turner Centre ; Rebecca m. William True ; Chandler m. Sarah French. Their oldest son, Benjamin, settled in Livermore as a physician. Another son, "Major" Seth, lived on the river road and has descendants'; Ezekiel m. Mary House, and settled at the north end of Upper street. His daughter Betsey m. 2d, Dr Philip Bradford, Sarah ra. Royal Whitman, Nancy m. W. B. Bray; Martin m. Prudence Dillingham. He had a farm of 500 acres. Among his sons were Martin, Freeman, and Richmond; Philip m. Polly Bonney; Betsey m. Daniel Briggs, of Minot. Philip C. Bradford, son of Dr Philip Bradford and a great-grandson of Ezekiel Bradford, was born on Elmbrook Farm, where he now resides. At the age of 20 he went to Winthrop. He was in trade several years. For 15 years he was connected with the Winthrop Mills Company as stockholder, director, and agent ; for 20 years he was a director in the National Bank of Winthrop ; was a member of the legislature of 1862 and 1863. After nearly 40 years' absence, in 1886 he returned to his old home in Turner. He is a Universalist in liis religious preferences and a Democrat in his political affiliations. WiUiain B. Bradford, son of Jesse and Celia (Whitman) Bradford, of Turner, is a descendant of Gov. Bradford. His great-grandfather Jesse and grandfather Dura were natives of Massachusetts. Capt. Dura Bradford was iSix of the daughters m. prominent men: Justus Conant, Aaron Dillingham, Luther Bailey, and Horace Gary, of Turner; Elisha Stetson, of Auburn; and Reuel Toner, of Sweden. 836 History of Androscoggin County. captain of the Turner Artillery in 1812. Mr Bradford deals in general m.er- ehandise and has been in trade many years in the store formerly occupied by his father. He is a Congregationalist in his religious views, a Republican politically, and has been town treasurer three years. He is a member of Blake Lodge, I. O. O. F., and now P. N. G. ; also a member of Nezinscot Lodge, F. & A. M. Major-G-eneral Alden Blossom^ son of Sylvanus and Martha (Alden) Blos- som, was born in Bridgewater, July 1, 1776. He came to Turner in 1800, where he married Lydia D., daughter of Moses Stevens, in 1803. They had a large family of children ; a son, George W., occupies the homestead on Upper street. Gen. Blossom was a useful man in the community. He was a trader, kept tavern, was postmaster for 25 years; was first a Whig, later a Democrat; was high sheriff for eight years of Oxford county; was interested in matters tending to further the prosperity of the town; a prominent Free Mason and a Congregationalist. He died in 1863. Family tradition says that he received 13 commissions from governors of Massachusetts and Maine. His daughter, Narcissa, married Daniel, son of Dan and Deborah (Jones) Pratt, of Taunton, who settled in Turner in 1799. Dan Pratt served in tlie Revolution. The surviving children of Daniel and Narcissa (Blossom) Pratt are Sarah (Mrs E. M. Leavitt, of Auburn), Susan (Mrs M. W. Turner), and Judson A., the only descendant of Dan Pratt living in Turner. David Hale came early from Connecticut and purchased and settled on one of the original school lots of the town, which he purchased in 1803 for $1,100. His wife was a Kingsbury and a devout member of the Congregational church. They had two sons, Dr David and James S., and three daughters, all born in Connecticut. Dr David Hale settled at Livermore Falls, where he practiced medicine until his death. He has a son living in Iowa, and his granddaughter lives on his homestead. James Sullivan Hale inherited the lands of his father and added largely to them during his active and industrious life, and brought the whole into fine condition. He was a man universally esteemed, bore the title of "Squire," and was active in Congregational church circles. He died in December, 1880, and his wife (Betsey, daughter of John Staples) in Decem- ber, 1881. They had five children: Eugene, Hortense (Mrs J. T. Gushing), Frederick (dec), Augusta (Mrs George Gifford), Clarence. Hon. Eugene Hale was born in 1836, received the educational advantages of the schools of Turner and Hebron Academy, studied law with Howard & Strout in Portland, where he was admitted to the bar. When he was 21 he began the practice of law in Orland, but being soon offered a position as partner of a prominent lawyer of Ellsworth, he removed thither and became the junior partner of the firm of Robinson & Hale. Mr Robinson soon died, and Mr Hale succeeded to his large practice, and from that time has had a law office in Ellsworth. He has been county attorney of Hancock county several Town of Turner. 837 years, member of the lower house of the state legislature several terms, member of the national House of Representatives for ten years, was elected U. S. senator in 1881, re-elected in 1887, and now holds the office. He married a daughter of Hon. Zach. Chandler, of Michigan, and has three sons. Hon. Job Prince was born in Buckfield in IVIarch, 1795. He was educated at the public schools and at Hebron Academy. He began life on a farm in Turner in March, 1819. His principal business was farming. In the War of 1812 he served a short campaign in the Mass. militia. In May, 1818, was commissioned captain of militia; major, November, 1820; aid and orderly officer of the sixth division with the rank of major, February, 1822. As evidence of the estimation in which he was held by his fellow-citizens it may be stated that he served them acceptably in all the principal town offices ; was for many years a trustee and treasurer of the ministerial and grammar school funds of town ; trustee of the county and state agricultural societies ; member of both branches of the legislature and executive council; president of the state senate in 1839; county commissioner and judge of probate; assistant assessor of internal revenue ; justice of the peace and ilediinua justice from 1832, and for 37 years justice of the quorum throughout the state. He was the first vice-president of Oxford County Agricultural Society in 1842-3-4, audits president in 1845-6. He was resorted to for surveying land, drawing deeds and bonds, and other legal instruments, held justice courts for the trial of many causes, acted as claim agent in procuring 42 Revolutionary pensions and 347 land-warrants, and administered on 91 estates. A record of a more useful life it would be hard to find. He died May 1, 1875. Hon. Rufus Prince., son of Hon. Job Prince, was born July 11, 1825, and died March 27, 1891. He was educated at the district school and Westbrook Academy. He was selectman, member of the school committee, and town moderator of Turner, a county commissioner of Androscoggin county for two terms, county treasurer of Androscoggin, and served upon commissions and appointments from probate and insolvency courts, where he did almost as much business as many attorneys at law. In 1865 he was a member of Governor Cony's council. In 1866-67-68 he was a member of the state board of agriculture. In 1872 he represented Turner in the legislature, and in 1878-79 was a member of the state senate. From 1867 to 1880 he was a member of the board of inspectors of prisons and jails. For nearly 15 years he was trustee and president of the Androscoggin County Agricultural Society. He assisted to the development of that society until the beginning of its joint exhibition with the Maine State Agricultural Society. In 1873 he was elected president of the Maine State Agricultural Society, and again in 1874-75-76. He was elected president of the Association in 1877. He was again elected in 1879 and re-elected each year until his death. In 1889 he was elected Worthy Master of the Maine State Grange. For six years he had been lecturer 838 History of Androscoggin County. of the Turner Grange, and had also been master of that Grange. He was a strong temperance man, a devoted member of the Universalist church, presi- dent of the Maine State Universalist Convention for three years, and president of the Maine Universalist Sabbath School Convention for two years. His character was unimpeachable, for it was full of strong points upon a Christian side. He had a peculiarly agreeable manner and a soft and pleasant voice. No one ever approached him without receiving a welcome, and no one ever left him without appreciating the great kindness and patience of the man. Nobody appreciated or admired him more than the men who knew him best. He had an immense number of friends among the plain people of the state, and had lie lived would have been a formidable candidate for the Republican nomination for governor at the next state convention. aen. PMlo Clark was born in Minot, July 8, 1804, and died June 20, 1884. He came to Turner in 1817, and in 1825 succeeded his father in trade for many years. He was for a long time deputy sheriff of Oxford county, once sheriff, and in 1845-50 state senator. He was vice-president of Oxford County Agricultural Society in 1848-9, and its president in 1850. For many years he was unanimously chosen moderator at town meetings, and held many town offices. A strong Democrat, he was a standing delegate to county, district, state, and national conventions. He acquired his title of general in the militia, and made a splendid officer, having a grand physique, a fine military bearing, and a powerful voice. He was a Mason for 58 years. Solon Chase is a native of Turner. His father, Isaac Chase, came to Turner from Standish about 70 years ago, giving his name to Chase's Mills. His wife was Eunice, daughter of Rev. Nathaniel Chase, of Buckfield. The life of their son, Solon (born January 14, 1823,), was uneventful until he was about 50 years old, when "he got the 'Greenback' religion and felt a call to preach." For the next 10 years he was a prominent figure in the political world, "stumping" nearly every state in the Union, and "Solon and them steers" were household words with thousands who had never listened to his rough and ready wit and original sayings. He was nominated in 1876 as member of Congress for the Second District. 520 votes only were cast for his party. At the next Congressional election he received 9,000 votes. He was also a popular editor of Greenback newspapers. When the Greenback agitation subsided, Mr Chase returned to his farm, and its management has since divided his time with his duties as postmaster. Leonard S'/ceff, JSsq., was born in Turner, August 11, 1825, served in the Mexican War after graduating at Waterville College, and in 1848 became a lawyer in Illinois, where he and Abraham Lincoln formed a strong mutual affection. When Mr Lincoln became President, Mr Swett was given charge of many important causes for the government. He was one of the most eloquent men of the Northwest, and in his practice defended 20 persons charged with Town of Turner. 839 murder, securing the acquittal of 19. He delivered the oration at the unveiling of the statue of Lincoln in Chicago in 1887. He died in 1889. Joseph Henry Hooper^ son of Jacob and Deliverance Hooper, of Marble- head, Mass., was born in Augusta. Mr Hooper was a partner in the firm of Walter Corey & Co., of Portland, Me, for 18 years, and afterwards a member of the firm of E. A. Hooper & Co., of Boston, Mass. He married, August 14, 1854, Miss Clarinda Morton Lindsey, of Turner, a granddaughter of Isaiah Leavitt, one of the earliest settlers of the town, and the farm on which Mr Hooper passed most of the last six years of his life was a part of the original Leavitt farm, which formerly extended from the hill to the river, and was first occupied by Isaiah's eldest son, Alvin Leavitt. Mr Hooper died May 29, 1889. He was a member of Turner Grange, a Republican in his politics, and a Universalist in religion. Walter B. Beals was born in Turner, December 22, 1856. He is a son of Leonard M. Beals, who was born in Leeds, August 1, 1831. His maternal grandparents, Martin Leonard, born March 14, 1778, and his wife Hannah Stetson, born April 5, 1784, were among the early settlers from Bridgewater, Mass. Martin Leonard was engaged in trade with Alden Blossom at one time. He moved from Turner to Leeds 78 j^ears ago. Laura (Bradford) Beals, mother of W. B. Beals, was born in Turner, and is a daughter of Asa Brad- ford, and a lineal descendant of Gov. William Bradford, through his great- grandson, Ezekiel. In politics Mr Beals has always been a Republican. In religion he is a Universalist. He is a miller and dealer in flour, grain, and feed. He was town agent for eight years; chairman of Republican town committee six years; collector of taxes. In 1885 he was appointed by Gov. Bodwell, county commissioner for Androscoggin county, to fill the vacanc}'^ caused by the death of Henry Bonney, and elected to the same office in September, 1888, for the term of six years. He is a charter member of Blake Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 110, its first recording secretary, and later its presiding officer. Lie is a member of Turner Grange, P. of H., a charter member of Major Leavitt Lodge, No. 74, Knights of Pythias, and its Master of Exchequer. 840 HiSTOBY OF Androscoggin County. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. HON. JESSE DREW. THE Drew (Drewe) family of England descend from an early noble Norman, tracing the line through centuries. Members of the family accompanied William the Conqueror to England, participated in the memorable battle of Hastings (1060), and were granted lands in Devon, Here- ford, and elsewhere, enrolled in the Doomsda}^ Book. According to a preamble to the Drew pedigree, given by the King of Arms, "The ancient and knightly family of Drew of Devonshire are lineal descendants from Richard, Duke of Normandy, grandfather of William the Conqueror. (Descendants of this line are now residents at Drewscliffe, Devon; a younger branch was transplanted to Ireland.) On the escutcheon is an ermined lion passant gules,, langued and armed. The quarterings show intermarriages with the Cliffords and other noble families. Crest: a bull's head erased sable; in his mouth three ears of wheat, '>r. Motto: Dra0 (who was son of William and grandson of Sir Edward Drew of England), was born in Turner, September 21, 1808, and died in Eewiston, August 31, 1800. His father bought in 1803 a part of lot 224, ministerial lands. His early life was passed in Turner. He married (1st) Hannah T. Phillips, who died August 27, 1852. Children : Hannah G. (died young); E^'ranklin M.' (m. January 2, 1862, Araminta B., daughter of Gen. Merrill Woodman, of Naples, a lady prominent in church and benevolent works) ; Delphina M. (dec.) ; Ann P. (Mrs Robert H. Perkins) (dec.) ; George E. (m. Edna Flint). Mr Drew married (2) Clara B., daughter of Gen. Joel Wellington, of Monticello. She died October 27, 1867. Children : Gertrude H. (dec.) ; Morrill N. (county attorney of Aroostook county four years, and now member of the Maine House of Representatives). Mr Drew was a Democrat until the Republican party was organized. He was deputy sheriff and jailor of Oxford county many years and active in affairs. About 1853 he removed to Aroostook county, engaged in trade at Caribou, and dis- played the same energy in this new field. His services were called for in shaping the political character of the county, and he was efficient all through the Civil War in enlisting and caring for soldiers. In 1865 he was appointed collector of customs at Fort Fairfield for the Aroostook district and displayed high ability in the conduct of the office, which he held for 16 years. He was a prominent citizen of the state as well as of Eastern Maine, served in the 1 See page 330. Town of Turner. 841 legislature, and probably no man in Maine had a wider acquaintance with prominent men. In religion he was a Universalist, but his friendliness extended to all who loved the right, and in social life he was the soul of kind- liness and honor. He was loyal to his trusts, his country'-, and his God, and his extended circle of friends will long remember his pure nature, his remark- able knowledge of men and events, his quaint humor, his keen and alert sagacity, and his warm friendships. Judge Whitehouse writes of him : " He has been a conspicuous figure in tlie history of the state; I never knew one of greater sagacity. He has been a successful man, and an honest, kindly, good man." Chief-Justice Peters says: '' He was a lovable man, full of goodness and sympathy for many friends. I shall miss him in my mind for long time to come, and could never forget him and his many personal kindnesses." 842 History of Androscoggin County. LIVERMORE, CHAPTER LH. Situation— Soil— Incorporation— First Meeting and Names of Proprietors — Extracts from Proprietors' Records — Something Concerning the Earliest Settlers — Early Bound- aries— What Paul Coffin Writes of the People — Other Settlers, Etc. SITUATED between the hills of Oxford and the rolling lands of Kennebec, Livermore partakes of the characteristics of both. It has high hills, Hamlin's (or Mount Sier), Fuller's, and Waters' or Lovewell's, from which extensive and beautiful views are obtained, and, without being rough, is picturesque. It was at first heavily wooded with pine, hemlock, -maple, beech, birch, and oak. The original growth has been cut off; but the area of second growth is increasing. There are many noble elms. While in portions the land is rocky, there are sections quite free from stones, and the soil is a sandy loam, as in the valley of the Androscoggin and near the village. The river is broken by falls or rapids in three places, near the line of Jay, at Roccomeka, and at the Rips in "Tollawalla." It has several fertile and beautiful islands. At Strickland's ferry is a view of surpassing beauty. The soil is generally strong and productive, and there is scarce!}'' an acre of waste land. Requiring more labor than the valleys of Kennebec and Penobscot, it yields equal returns. Apples and dairy products aie the more noticeable sources of income, while other crops average with other towns. There are four ponds: Round and Long in the northerly part, separated by a few rods only; Bartlett's, near the centre, and Brettun's in the southwest part. There are several streams; two furnish a fair supply of water in ordinary seasons for grist and saw mills, and (in their day) furnished it for carding and clothing mills. There are excellent powers on the Androscoggin river, one at Livermore Falls, and another a short distance above. Livermore is 20 miles north of Lewiston, 25 west of Augusta, and for some time after its settlement bore the name Port Royal, and, for a brief space, Liverton. Livermore is surrounded: east by East Livermore and Leeds, south by Leeds and Turner, west and north by Oxford and Franklin counties. At incorporation, February 28,1798, there was about 400 population; in 1800 there was 863; in 1810, 1,560; in 1820, 2,174; in 1830, 2,445; in 1840, 2,745. For population and valuation since, see page 18. Among the petitions for lands in compensation for services in the French and Indian wars, made to the General Court of Massachusetts, was one from Town of Livermore. 843 Nathaniel Harris and others. To these petitioners was granted township No. 2, "on the east side and next adjoining Connecticut River," for services in reducing Port Royal. The proprietors held their first meeting at the house of Isaac Baldwin, innholder in Weston, January 28, 1737. They were: — Nathaniel Barris, Esq., Capt. Samuel Googen, Capt. Benj. Flagg, Capt. Ebenezer Woodward. Capt. Ebenezer Learuard, Capt. John Hazzeltine, Thomas Gibbs, Jonas Ward, Ebenezer Whipple, Ensign Thomas Harrington, Lieut. Samuel Lyou, William Cheaney, James Colburn, Ebenezer Lyon, Dea. Thomas Marshall, Lt Jerijah Wales, John Sawin, Ephraim Sautle (Sawtelle), Isaac Parker, Jonathan Gates, John Stearns, Jonathan Wel- lington, Nath'l Davis, Eliphalet Lyon, Wd. Hannah Babcock, Josiah Sautle, Nath'l Whitmore, Ebenezer Hartshorn, John Harwood, Rev. John Whiting, Daniel Googen, Esq., Rev. Warham Williams, Thomas Marshall, Ebenezer Hubbard, William Chubb, John Maddock, Ensign Joseph Fuller. Samuel Smith, Peter Lyon, Benjamin Munroe, Jona. Ball, Nath'l Dike, Bemus Woodward, Dea. Ebenezer Goodhue, Benjamin Wood, William Robin- son, Benjamin Corey, John Cager, Nathan Whipple, Israel Reese, Peter Hunt, John Ramsey, Benjamin Chadwick, David Knap, Benjamin Aldridge, William Puffer. Previous to 1779, a large number of rights or shai-es came to Deacon Elijah Livermore by purchase at tax sales and from individual proprietors. 1743, November 1, a proprietors' meeting was adjourned to May, 1744, on account of the "rumor of war with France, and the winter season approaching." 1750, September 26, a meeting was held. 1770, May 23, the question was put "to know the minds of the proprietors if they would pursue their claim on the equity of Port Royal, and carried," and Major Livermore, Dr Leonard Williams, and George Babcock were chosen to petition the General Court to obtain another grant, as the old one had "fell into New Hampshire." 1771, June 11, "to the original grantees, their assigns or legal representatives, their heirs and assigns," was granted "a township of the contents of six and three- quarter square miles in some of the unappropriated lands in the Province of Massachusetts Bay to the eastward of Saco river and adjoining some former grant, on the condition that the proprietors settle 60 families in said town in seven years, build a house for the public worship of God, settle a learned Protestant minister, and lay out one sixty-fourth part for the first settled minister, one sixty -fourth part for the ministry, one sixty-fourth part for the use of schools, and one sixty-fourth part for the use of Harvard College." 1771, August 9, Samuel Livermore and Leonard Williams, for the proprie- tors, directed Elijah Livermore and Elisha Harrington to explore the countrj^ and select the location ; they " to take a boat and pilot at Brunswick Falls and proceed up the river as far as Rocky-Mico." The grant was located adjoining Sylvester (Turner), on both sides of the Androscoggin, and at first contained 30,220 acres. 1772, June 17, at the house of Samuel Livermore in Waltham, Lieut Elijah Livermore, Capt. Ebenezer Learned, and Mr Richard Woodward were chosen to run out the lines around the township and divide the interval 844 History of Androscoggin County. on the west side of the river into 61 shares, and lay out 61 100-acre lots. They took Ebenezer Waters as surveyor and Thomas Fish with them, and laid out lots in September and October, and made their report November 11. They did not divide the interval, as it was not extensive enough. They had run out the boundaries and laid out 60 lots, and reported "not enough land to fill the grant," and a committee was appointed to petition for a further grant. The proprietors then voted to open a horse-way to Sylvester town and a cart-way to Pondtown (Winthrop). 1773, February 21, voted to make the former a cart-way, and Elijah Livermore, Ebenezer Learned, and Thomas Fish were appointed to have the above roads cleared by the last of October. November 3 Samuel Livermore was reported dead, and that Nathaniel Livermore had resigned his membership. Leonard Williams, Esq., Deacon (Lieut) Elijah Livermore, and Mr Elisha Harrington were chosen to " manage the prudentials of said proprietary." The accounts of Deacon Livermore, .£40 10s. lid., and Thomas Fish, £S1 2s. 7d., for clearing roads, were allowed. Thomas Fish was appointed to prosecute trespassers, and a committee was appointed to lay out the lemainder of the town. 1774. June 29, Leonard Williams, Elijah Liver- more, and Elisha Harrington were made a committee to erect a saw and grist mill. On account of the breaking out of the war with Great Britain no meeting was held from 1774 until 1779. In 1779 Deacon Livermore and Major Thomas Fish came as residents, and were soon joined by Josiah Wyer, Elisha Smith, and Mrs Carver. For the first year apprehension was felt of attacks from the Indians, but these soon became friends. Major Fish ^ was the representative of one of the grantees of Township No. 2 on the Connecticut. 1782, June 19, the mill lot, the island near it, and X60 were granted to build a mill on the brook leading from Liver- more (Long) and Stinchfield (Round) ponds, and Elijah Livermore agreed to build it. 1793, September 4, voted to build a meeting-house 50x40 feet on the east end of lot 36, first division, and £50 granted therefor; also to lay out a road from Turner to Phipps Canada from Deacon True's over Lowell's hill and between the ponds to the north line. (The proprietors' records continue until June 20, 1799.) ^ Major Thomas Fish, an officer of the. Revolution, a gallant soldier, and a holder of an original right, came with Deacon Livermore in 1779, settling at Fish Meadow. His wife, Naomi Mixer, died while he was arranging to bring her here. He later became quite friendly with AVinthrop people and was engaged to be married to one of the bright young women of that town, Betsey Marrow. The only road to Winthrop was a blind track of spotted trees winding through the dense forest. January 3, 1782, he started from Winthrop late in the afternoon with two large rolls of leather. The snow was two feet deep and the weather cold; a heavy storm set in and he never reached Iiis destination, perishing near a large elm on the interval below Deacon Liverinore's house. He was an accomplished surveyor, an ingenious man, who could do anything demanded in the new country, and was a great loss to the settlement. His journal while ea route to Livermore and surveyor's minutes are given in full in " Notes on Livermore." Town of Livermore. 845 The Ustahlished Seftlei-s in 1789 were Deacon Elijah Livermore, William Carver, Elisha Smith, Samuel Benjamin, John Walker, Josiah Wyer, James Delano, Reuben Wing, John Monk, Otis Robinson, Cutting Clark, E. Fisher, Pelatiah Gibbs, Daniel Holman, Henry Grevy, Nathaniel Dailey, and Randall. Deacon Elijah Livermo7'e was son of Samuel Livermore, and was born at Waltham, Mass., in March, 1730. He inherited his father's home- stead; was a lieutenant in the militia, and was deacon of the Congregationalist church in Waltham. He removed to Livermore in 1779, where he died, August 5, 1808. He was the first representative, unanimously elected May 9, 1779, and tradition saj^s he made the journey to Boston on horseback, wearing a cocked hat, ruffled shirt, and knee breeches. He possessed great strength of character, and was an able counselor. He happily combined good sense, integrity, and kindness with a most genial humor, and when he died he was mourned by the whole settlement as a personal friend. His children were: Ahiijail, married Rev. Elisha Williams, the first schoolmaster. William, traded in Jay and Hallo well and was a major in militia. Hannah; Isaac, born 1768, died 1820, after being in trade in Hallowell, settled here as a farmer; was justice of the peace. /Sarah, m. Robert Pierpont, of Roxbury. He lived on the old Livermore farm, and died December 9, 1811. Their children were: Hannah; Robert, a resident of Livermore; George W., a resident of Livermore Falls; Elijah; Charles Henry; John M. Anna, born April (3, 1775, married, December 14, 1797, Dr Cyrus Hamlin. Samuel, born April 6, 1778, married Lura, daughter of Thomas Chase. He died November 26, 1823. He several times represented the town in the Massachusetts legislature. His children were Betsey, Emery, Lura (married Levi B. Young, of Livermore). Amos Livermore came from Waltham in 1795, located on the Spencer Goding farm. William, James, Amos, and Nathan Carver came with their mother from Dux- bury. William settled in 1780 on the lot afterwards occupied by George, a son of John Gibbs. Josiah Wyer, the third settler, was born in Watertown in 1749 and moved to Livermore in 1779, married Rebecca Brackett, of Falmouth, in 1782, died July 7, 1827. He was a sergeant in the Revolution, and in the battle at Bunker Hill. Mr Wyer resided on the road leading towards North Turner bridge from the old Methodist meeting-house. His children were : Naney, born October 1, 1786 (she was the first female child born in the town); Isaac: William, married Luc}' Baker, was a soldier of 1812, and his son, Otis, was a soldier of the Rebellion; Betsey; Sally ; Nathaniel; Rehekali; George ; Charles. Lient Samnel Benjamin, the fourth settler, was an able man who received half-pay during life by special act of Congress for distinguished and long- continued service in the Revolution, married Tabitha Livermore in Waltham, January 16, 1782, and October 10, 1782, purchased of Deacon Livermore 120 acres west of Long pond for .£30, and made his home in the log cabin built by 846 History of Androscoggin County. Major Thomas Fish at Fish Meadow. In 1796 he bought the "Gibbs Mills" property, in 1797 and 1799 lot 11. He established "Benjamin's Ferry," was frequently in town office, selectman from 1801 to 1805, and a valuable settler. He died April 14, 1824, and his widow died, aged 80, June 20, 1837. Children : Billi/, who became colonel of militia, m. Phebe Wellington, and lived on the interval. Samuel. Nathaniel. Betsey., married Samuel Morison. Polly., m. Samuel Ames. Martha., m. Israel Washburn, March 30, 1812; died May 6, 1861. David., m. Catherine Stanwood, and resided on the "old Benjamin farm," and lived nearly fourscore and ten j^ears. Hon. D. W. Benjamin, of Grand Rapids, Mich., is their son. Charles., was a cabinet maker on the interval. Elisha. B,uth,m. Jonathan Lovejoy; their son, Samuel B. M. Lovejoy, was a lieutenant in the Civil War. Major Joseph Mills, half-brother of Lieutenant Benjamin, came in a few years, and cleared the Capt. Samuel Atwood farm. Elisha Smith came from Martha's Vineyard about 1780, and purchased and lived on the lot afterwards owned by Rev. Thomas Wyman. lieuhen Wing, born 1771, was, says the Family Genealogy, 6th generation from John Wing, of Sandwich, Mass., who came from England in 1632, and son of Samuel and Hannah (Sears) Wing, who moved from Harwich, Mass., to Readfield, Me, in 1776. He came to Livermore before 1789; m. (1) Hannah, daughter of Elisha Smith; (2) Lucy Weld. He died in 1862 on the farm he had occupied over 65 years. He is said to have acquired an extensive information, especially of the Bible and religion, and was a faithful member of the Baptist church. Of his sons only Walter W. and Lewis M. attained maturity. Walter W. m. Lucy A. Wyman. They have two sons: Charles E. and George C. Csee pages 332 and 333). Daniel Holman, son of Solomon Holman, Jr, and brotlier of Col Jonathan Holman, of the Revolution, was a corporal in the Revolution, and one of the minute-men who marched to Concord, April 19, 1775. Before 1789, he emi- grated from Worcester county, and settled on and developed the Holman farm about a mile from North Livermore. His son, Abner, who afterwards occupied the farm, was a fifer in the War of 1812, and was a builder, and many buildings of his construction still stand in this region. John H. and Otis H., sons of Abner, were architects. Jolm H. Holman studied architecture and was at St Louis at the commencement of the Rebellion, where he was among the first to take sides for the Union. He raised two companies of sharp-shooters for the 26th Missouri. He was a brave soldier, winning rapid promotion, and at the close of the war commanded a brigade. He was later military governor of Eastern North Carolina, and afterwards superintended the construction of United States buildings on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. He died June 26, 1883. His two sons, Minard L. and John O., residents of St Louis, are promi- nent as civil engineers. Otis H. Holman settled in Brooklyn, N. Y., and became noted as an engineer. He enlisted in the 158th Regiment, N. Y.V., and died January 25, 1864, of disease contracted in service. Town of Livermore. 847 Beacon Elijah Fisher was born June 17, 1758, in Norton, Mass. He married Jerusha Keene, of Taunton. He was in Livermore in 1789, and settled on a farm south of the Strickland farm. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and was a member of "Washington's Life Guard," under Capt. Caleb Gibbs. On his 17th birthday he was in the battle of Bunker Hill, and remained in the service for nearl}^ six years. He received a pension for many years. He died in January, 1842. He was a sincere and devoted Baptist. Otis Robinson was the first blacksmitli, owned mills, subsequently became a Baptist minister and left the town. 'James, Jahez, Zehedee, and Ehenezer Delano, brothers, were here early. Zebedee located on the "Thomas Chase" farm; James on the farm owned by David Ivich in 1874, his sons, Calvin, Abel, and Leonard, settled in town ; Ebenezer lived in the west part ; Jabez settled on the east side of the river, and later on the "Meadow lot." Johi Walker was in the expedition to Quebec in 1775. His sons were Col Dexter, Elijah, Levi, and Rufus. Cuffin// Clarke, from Waltham, came soon after the settlement. He lived on Fuller's hill. He was a famous hunter, and attained a great age. Daniel Dailey and sons, Nathaniel and Nezer, were early settlers. Daniel and Nathaniel settled on farms on the east side of the river. Nezer settled on the west side, below the falls, and later occupied a farm above North Turner bridge. He had a son, Warren. Deacon Pelatiah Gibbs' came from Milford, Mass., and cleared the farm where Ebenezer Hinds subsequently lived. His sons, Capt. Jacob, John, and Frank Gibbs, were valuable citizens. Henry Crrevy, a Hessian who had served in the British army in the Revolution, settled on a farm east of Lt Benjamin's, and passed tiie residue of his life there. From 1789 to 1795, when the town was incorporated, the settlement increased rapidly by intelligent and valuable settlers. Among them were: Gen. David Learned. He came from Oxford, Mass., before 1790. He was a son of Gen. Ebenezer Learned, a Revolutionary officer, and one of the original proprietors of Port Royal. He became a prominent citizen, had the first store in town, which was immediately south of the Norlands church, and near where Capt. Otis Pray afterwards lived. Gen. David Learned was much interested in incorporating a new county, and he was enabled to have the name Oxford given it, after his native town. He was appointed the first sheriff of Oxford county, but retained his residence in Livermore. His house, which was built about a century ago, stood at the crossing of the roads near the Library. He was an early selectman and representative to Massachusetts General Court. He died in 1811, aged 44. His widow, Mary (Hurd) Learned, died January 14, 1863, in her 95th year. Their children were : Maria who married Publius R. R. Pray, who came about 1810. He afterwards studied law in New York, and settled in Pearlington, Miss., where he became an eminent jurist. He was one of the Judges of the High Court of Errors and Appeals, and published the Revised Statutes of the state in 1836. He died 848 History of Androscoggin County. January 11, 1840. Samuel went South; Charles D. was a lawyer in Mississippi. Eliza died in Livermore, June 17, 1870. Mrs Learned's brother (William Hurd) made a farm and built a house at the head of Bartlett's pond. Henry Bond came in June, 1790, to occupy the land and attend to the half-interest in the first saw and grist mills, built by Deacon Livermore, which he had bought. His father was Col William Bond, of Watertown, a com- mander in the battle of Bunker Hill, who died in 1776. Henry Bond became deacon of the first church here, was the second teacher, and the first school- house was built but a short distance north of his mills. He died in March, 1796. His widow married Zebedee Rose. His son, i7f>(ry, born in Watertown, 1790, graduated at Dartmouth in 1813, became a physician first in Concord, N. H., later in Philadelphia, where he became distinguished, and died in 1859. He was author of an exhaustive historical and genealogical work on the families of Watertown, Mass. Sylvester Norton came from Martha's Vineyard, Mass., in 1789, with sons. Ransom, James, and Zebulon. Ransom Norton lived at North Livermore, was deacon in the Baptist church, and then clergyman. He died October 25, 1834, aged 72. His sons, Jones, Jethro, and Charles, lived in the north part of the town. Jones and Jethro moved to Massachusetts. Eugene L., son of Jethro, was mayor of Charlestown, and served in the state senate. John, brother of Eugene, was a colonel in the Civil War. James Norton settled in the west part; he died in 1841. His sons were Moses, Ira, Tristram, and James. Zehulon lived between North Livermore and the Falls, and died in October, 1865, aged 85. He married (1st) Hannah, daughter of Deacon Pelatiah Gibbs; (2d) Mary Merritt. Of his sons, these were living in 1874: Sylvester; David; Herman; Seirall. The family is prominently represented in town by Sewall M. Norton, one of the leading agriculturists. Jonathan Crodiny, of Waltham, came in 1790, had a farm in the north part, and became a fine orchardist. Children : Peter, lived in Jay, Jonas and Spencer, farmers in Livermore, Hannali and Boijamin M. Thomas Chase, of Martha's Vineyard, with wife. Desire Luce, came in 1790. He served under Paul Jones in early life, and his intelligence and integrity made his recital of his adventures very interesting. His sons were: Thomas, Jr, who became a prominent man in town; his son, Thomas, 3d, was a lawyer and father of Mrs Elizabeth Akers Allen, the celebrated poetess (Florence Percy). Lathrop, a physician; James. Capt. Tristram Chase, his brother, settled on the westerl}^ side of Long pond. He was a shipmaster. His son, Charles, was a trader in Dixfield. Another brother. Deacon Sarson Chase, was an early shoe-maker; his farm was on the northerly slope of Lovewell's hill. Children: Jane, Mayhew, Sarson, and Mary. Ahial, John, and Ephraim Turner, of Scituate, were early comers here. Samuel Sawin, of Watertown, a Revolutionary soldier, located here about 1788. He was a fine orchardist. His brother, Abijah, settled near him. Samuel Hillman Town of Livermore. 849 came in 1788. He was one of the "four partners," so called, Sylvanus Board- man, Ransom and James Norton being the others. He married Jane, sister of Ransom and James Norton, and became a Methodist preacher. He died in Monmouth, aged 80. His brother, Moseft, settled on the interval, in 1817, where he died December 17,1823. Tristram Hillmari^ Esq.,iov whom Hillman's Ferry was named, was his son. Isaac Loveivell came from Weston, Mass., before 1790. He purchased the large farm on the northerly side of the hill known as Lovewell's (or Waters's) hill, and had one of the largest orchards in town. He amassed a very considerable property by farming, loaning money, and "putting out" neat stock and sheep to "double in four years." He was a member of the Baptist church and one of its most liberal benefactors, con- tributing generously to its support while living, and leaving it a handsome bequest. The Monroe Brothers, Abijah, John, and Abel, emigrated to Livermore from Lincoln, Mass., about 1790. Ahijali Monroe kept the first inn, near Sanders Corner; the report of its excellent fare spread far and wide, and travelers would do their best to reach Monroe's before night. Rev. Paul Coffin often stopped with him. The first lawyers had their offices in this house; and here the people met to exchange news and talk over the world's happenings. He died in 1823. John Monroe became a farmer and died aged 92. Children: John, a successful school teacher, represented the town in the legislature, and resided here until his death, Allen, Abijah, Luda. Ahrl 3Ionroe, born in Lincoln, Mass., May 14, 1769, died June 24, 1861. He was an intelligent man, quick at repartee, and enjoyed theological discussions. He married (1st) Martha Bixby, of Keene, N. H. Of his children, Ifon. Joseph S. Monroe (dec.) was senator and judge of probate for Piscataquis county; Patty, m. Maj. Isaac Strickland; Julia m. Elias T. Aldrich; Greorge 3Ionroe, son of Abel and Salome P. Monroe (his second wife, born in Livermore, December 15, 1800; died April 20, 1876), was born in Livermore, January 15, 1835. He married Fannie, daughter of William and Ruth A. Bray, of North Turner, and a descendant of "Parson Strickland," the first minister in Turner. Her grand- father. Major Isaac Strickland, was well known as a public-spirited man. He accumulated a large property, and died March 4, 1886, aged 89 years. Mr Monroe is a carriage manufacturer and a blacksmith, and makes a specialty of horse-shoeing. In 1859 he went to California and remained 15 years, engaged in mining and blacksmithing. During this time he visited his old home five times. In 1886 he was tax collector and constable. He is a Republican politically, and a Universalist. Thomas Coolidge came from Cambridge in 1790, settled in the west part, developed a large farm with an excellent orchard to a high state of cultivation, married Lucy Wyeth, and died in 1834, aged 80. His widow died in 1850, aged nearly 97. Among their children were Daniel, a successful and wealthy 850 History of Androscoggin County. farmer, and a captain of cavalry, UUsha, who accumulated wealth as a trader at Solon. Thomas, who was a successful fruit grower, and resided near the Norlands, ra. Phebe Paul. Children: William, lives at Canton, aged 87, Rhoda, Joel, George, Edmund, Albion, Augustus W. Augustus W. Coolidge went to Boston when 18, and acquired a practical knowledge of business. ]\eturning to North Livermore, he clerked for his brother, William (who had traded here a long time), and September 1, 1854, commenced business for himself, and was in trade until his death, August 28, 1889. He was a large man of good presence, a Free Mason, and Baptist in religious inclinations. He married Julia E. Norton. Children: John F. (died September 10, 1883; his widow, Hattie L., is in trade and postmistress). Myra N. m. Ezra D. Thomp- son (son of J. D.), who died June 12, 1889. Mrs Julia E. Coolidge and daughter make their home at North Livermore. Joseph Ooolidge brought his family from Waltham in June, 1790. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and located in Jay, near the north line of Livermore. William Coolidr/e, also of Waltham, m. in 1799 Mary, daughter of Major Jonathan Hale, of Sutton, came to Livermore, and for the nine years he was a resident was of great importance; was captain of militia, a school teacher, and a man of influence. Eheiiezer Pitts, born in Taunton, Mass., in 1757, moved to Livermore from Ward, Mass., in 1791, and located upon and occupied until his death in April, 1831, a farm near the Corner, the one subsequently occupied by his grandson, Ebenezer Pitts. His wife was Mary Ellis, of Raynham. He was a good citizen. Children: Philij) ; Anna, m. James Chase; Prudence, m. David Reed, settled in Livermore. Lieut Elijah Wellinfiton, from Lincoln, Mass., early located on the east side of the river. Children : Elijah, Nathan, Elbridge, and Phebe. Hastin(/s Strirklancl, born in Nottingham, N. XL, came in 1795, was son of Rev. John Strickland. He married Sally, daughter of Rev. Samuel Perley. He had a large farm and an extensive orchard south of Monroe's tavern. Mr Strickland died, aged 61, in 1829. Children: John, was a successful farmer, and frequently a town officer; Isaac, was a wealthy and prominent man; was major of cavalry, and state senator. He died in 1886; Samuel P., wsls a major- general of militia, a member of the executive council, and of both branches of the legislature; Hastings, was major of cavalry, sheriff of Penobscot county, member of the executive council, and a representative from Bangor; Lee, was born July 14, 1806, and died September 23, 1873. He was engaged in mercantile business at North Turner Bridge, then at Brettun's Mills. As a Democrat he was early a state senator, in 1853 sheriff of Oxford county, and in 1856, as a i^epublican, sheriff of Androscoggin county. In 1864 and 1867 he was chosen county commissioner. He was prominent in the early militia and was at first captain of cavalry, and later colonel. In 1861 he raised a company, assigned to the Eighth Maine, was its captain, and soon commissioned Town of Livermore. 851 colonel. He was a Universalist and a Free Mason, and few men were more widely known or more highly respected. He was prominent in promoting the Androscoggin Railroad. His son, Augustus, lived in Livermore. Crcoruc Byron Strii'Mand., a descendant of Rev. John Strickland and of one of the early families in Livermore, is a native of the town. His parents were Capt. John and Julia A. (Sawin) Strickland. George B. is a Democrat, though not a politician, and has served his townsmen as clerk, selectman, and member of the school committee for several years. He is now engaged in farming. February 28, 1795, the " Plantation called Livermore lying on both sides of the Androscoggin river and bounded as folio weth, viz, beginning at a Hemlock tree standing in the North-east corner of Turner on the westerly side of the Androscoggin river thence running North ()0° west in the Northeasterly line of said Turner 2 miles 210 Rods to a Birch tree thence North 4 miles 240 Rods to a Hemlock tree being the North-westerly corner of said Livermore thence North 65° East 3 miles and 100 rods to Androscoggin river thence East across said river 2 miles 260 rods to a birch tree in the Northeast corner of said Liver- more thence south 7 miles 250 rods to Androscoggin Pond thence southerly by said pond about one mile and an half to an Elm Tree standing in the southerly line of said Livermore thence West in said southerly line about 2 miles and 190 rods to Androscoggin River, thence Northerly by said river to the first mentioned bound" and containing 30,220 acres, was incorporated into a town called Livermore. Rev. Paul CofQu, the faithful missionary, made several visits and records thus in his journal in these years: 1797. Sept. 8. Livermore. Crossed the river and rode seven miles to Dea. Livermore's. Rode three miles to Mr Morse's and preached from Jerera. 7:22, 23. This Morse is an admirable smith for shoeing horses, and cured a lame foot of my horse. In this town are Messrs. Williams and Robertson, Baptistic preachers, and Mr Hillman, a Methodist one. Sabbath. Sept. 10. Livermore. Preached at the house of Nath. Perley, from Matthew 1:21., and Psalms 141:2. This Perley is son of Rev. Perley of Gray, and married to a daughter of Rev. Strickland of Turner. A sou of said Strickland has married a daughter of said Perley. Both families live in vicinity. Was treated very well by both, and seemed at home. Rev. Strickland kept Sabbath with us. Baptized Isaac, child of Hastings Strickland and Sally. Jay and Livermore have about 100 families each. 1798. Aug. 27. Sat out for Livermore through part of Hartford. Aug. 29. Called at Samuel Atwood's in Livermore and gave instruction and Hemmeuway's sermon. Put up agreeably at Dr Hauiblin's in Livermore. Aug. 30. Livermore. Dr. Hamblin. His wife, house and situation are all agreeable. Visited David Learned's family and being unwell, spent the day with this pleasant and serious couple. Gave them instruction and Hemmeaway's sermon. She is quite modest and obliging, and gave me a successful cordial for my cholic. Preached at Dr Hambliu's from 2d Timothy 3: 14, 1.5. Gave instruction, and a Psalter and primer to Daniel Lovewell's wife. Invited by the wife of Abijah Munroe to put up with them for the night. He had just sprung his net on six dozen pigeons, and took them all. To take a whole flock is a common thing with him. This is near my friend Morse, the excellent blacksmith, near Turner. Aug. 31. Livermore, Friday. Grasshoppers were hurtful here, and in several other places between this and Windham. This town has about 852 History of Androscoggin County. 130 families, two-thirds grown in three years; much divided, having many Baptists, and two of them ministers, and one Methodistical preacher. They are superstitious, ignorant and predestinarian. Preached at Morse's to a small audience from Acts 17:30, 31. Eeturned to Munroe's and put up for the night. He and his wife are sensible and agreeable. Saturday. Sept. 1. There were in this place six pairs of twins under five years. The road from Rocomeco through Livermore to Turner is pretty straight about fifteen miles, and makes Livermore look much better to me than it did last year. Went to Deacon Livermore's and put up at that good house. He and son have about 50 excellent cattle, many sheep and horses and an orchard. Their house is large and high, of four rooms and two chimneys. They have four barns and as many sheds. From the Deacon's to Jay meeting house is 6 miles, to Sandy river 17, to Portland 63, to Turner 15. Sept. 2. Sabbath. Livermore. Preached at the School-house from Luke 2:13, 14 and Matthew 5:23, 24. Then rode to Jay, by Squire Richardson's over Noyes ferry, about eight miles. 1800. Sept. 9. Hartford. Livermore. Rode to Dr. Hambliu's of Livermore, visiting by the way, Messrs. Ames, Toland and Parker. Spake much with the Doctor, who seemed to suppose, as others also told me, that he had lately experienced the new birth. He is much of a predestinarian Baptist. He said, we regular clergy, teach people to do their best, and then, by 50 or 60 years they may arise to a ray of hope. He was evidently for that quick despatch which pleases many, and perhaps deceives thousands. Visited Mr Bartlet, and Major Learned. Mrs Learned only, was at home. She is, in person and behaviour quite engaging, attentive, decent and industrious. Her husband is beginning to trade. Has sold this summer goods to the amount of $500. His prospects are good. Sept. 10. Wednes- day. Livermore. The season was now happy and the grass green. Rode to my friend, Jonathan Morse, the excellent blacksmith. Preached from Acts 17:30, 31. His wife was the woman killed by the fall of his brother's house, 15th Aug. 1799. Put up with Abijah Monroe for the night. Sept. H. Thursday. Livermore. Fayette. Still good weather for corn. A Mr Bemis of Livermore has this year raised 200 bushels of rye and his corn is believed to be 500. Dea. Livejynore had a most thrifty and bearing orchard. Nathaniel Perley^ son of Rev. Samuel Perley, a descendant of Allen Perley, early of Ipswich, settled before 1797 near Turner line. He was prominent in affairs, a justice for many years, and was universally known as Esquire Perley. He died in 1844. His son, Natlianiel, succeeded W. H. Brettun, Jr, as a merchant about 1852, and was in trade until after the Civil War, when he removed to Illinois, where he died. Samuel F. Perley, son of Nathaniel, Jr, succeeded his father in merchandising and was in trade for quite a number of years. He married Sarah D., daughter of William H. Brettun, Jr. They have one child, Bessie B. Mr Perley is a Democrat, a Universalist, a successful business man, and has been in town office nearly 20 years. His records as clerk are models of clearness and legibility. Capt. Simeon Waters, with wife, Betsey (Marble) Waters, of Sutton, Mass., settled in Livermore, March 16, 1802, and he commenced work as a saddler. He was a farmer, also, and had one of the largest and best farms, situated on the southerly side of Waters's hill. He was the second captain of the Livermore company of cavalry; represented Livermore in the legislature of Massachusetts in 1806, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1814, 1815, 1816, and 1818, and Town of Livermore. 853 served often as a town officer. He died March 27, 1866, aged nearly 95 years. Among his children were Olarendon, who lived on the old farm until his death; Brooksa, Almira, Cordelia, Abigail, Simeoyi, and Emeretta. Clarendon Waters was prominent in the Universalist church, a Republican in politics, a partici- pant in the town affairs, selectman of Livermore, and a good and practical citizen. His widow survives him. Deacon Ira Thompson, who married Sophia Drew, of Kingston, Mass., was born at Middleboro' in 1780. [The Thompsons were pioneer settlers of that town, prominent in the militia, and in the administration of the town affairs. The first of the name came to Plymouth in 1635. Capt. Asa Thompson com- manded the oldest militia company in Massachusetts. Jacob Thompson was elected town clerk of Middleboro' in 1706, and served 37 years; and for more than a century the name Thompson appears on the list of selectmen, John Thompson being chairman of the first board in 1674. Editor.] Mr Thompson came to Livermore in 1803, and by energy and perseverance developed one of the finest farms in the section, and resided here until his death in 1857. He was a good citizen, and for over 30 years a deacon of the First Baptist Church. His sons were: Ira D., a farmer in Livermore; Arad ; Erastus ; Job D., who occupied the homestead, and Charles 0. The family is represented in town by some of its prosperous farmers and respected citizens. Israel Washburn, a son of a Revolutionary soldier (who was a member of the convention that adopted the first constitution of Massachusetts), was born in Raynham, Mass., November 18, 1784. He emigrated to Maine in 1806; taught school at first, then became a ship-builder and merchant at Richmond. In 1800 he purchased of Artemas Leonard his farm and store, established himself as a merchant, and made his home at the "Norlands," until his death in 1876. As merchant, magistrate, town officer, and representative many years, he was intimately connected with the town's affairs. A man of rare intel- ligence, affability, and great conversational powers, with a retentive memory, he was one whom it was both an honor and a pleasure to know. His wife was Martha, daughter of Lieut Samuel Benjamin, who was born in Livermore, October 4, 1792, and died May 6, 1861. She possessed a strong natural intellect, great energy and decision of character, a sweet and amiable disposi- tion, a heart and hand ready for every good work, and an unostentatious piety. She inculcated in her children all that was most noble and valuable in life. As Hon. Hannibal Hamlin said: "Rome in all her glory never produced such a mother as the mother of the Washburns." Children: Israel (LL.D.), born June 6, 1813, died May 15, 1883, was educated for the bar, and settled at Orono, December, 1834. He continued in practice until about 1860. He was a member of the legislature in 1842, and representative from the Penobscot district in the 32d, 33d, 34th, 35th, and 36th Congresses of the United States. He resigned January 1, 1861, having been elected governor of Maine in 1860. 854 History op Androscoggin County. He was re-elected in September, 1861, and declined a subsequent election. In 1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln collector of the port of Portland, and held that office for many years. He was a Universalist and a president of the board of trustees of Tufts College. In 1874 he published "Notes Historical, Etc., of Livermore," an exhaustive work, of which we have made extensive use. His surviving children are Israel H., a retired officer of U. S. Marines, Ada, and Maud. Ahjernon S., was a merchant in Boston, and after- wards a banker in Hallowell, where he died in 1879. His son, John, is at the head of the reorganized Washburn-Crosby Company at Minneapolis. Ulihu B., studied law, went to Illinois in 1840, and commenced practice at Galena, where he married Adele Gratiot. (Their son, Hempstead, is the present mayor of Chicago. Another son, William Pitt Washburn, was born in Washington, D. C, April 22, 1854. He makes the Norlands his summer residence.) In 1852 he was elected representative in Congress and was continued in this office till March, 1869, being at the time of his retirement the oldest member by consecutive elec- tions. In March, 1809, he was appointed secretary of state, but soon resigned to accept tlie office of minister plenipotentiary to France. He was in Paris as minister during the siege by the Prussians and the reign of the Commune, and did most admirable service. He died at Chicao^o in 1887. Cadwaladcr O. (LL.D.), was a lawyer, and settled in Mineral Point, Wis., about 1841, and later removed to Madison in that state. He was a member of the 34th, 35th, 36th, 39th, and 40th Congresses: was a major-general in the Civil War. In Novem- ber, 1871, he was elected governor of Wisconsin. He died in Arkansas in 1882. Martha married Col Charles L. Stephenson, a native of Gorham, and resided in Galena, 111. Charles A.^ graduated at Bowdoin and later became a publisher and editor in Californa. He was an elector at large from that state in 1860 ; in 1861 was appointed U. S. minister resident at Paraguay. He was recalled at his own request in 1869. He was author of a history of Paraguay, and of other works. He died in New York in 1889. Samuel B. was a ship- master, and afterwards an extensive lumberman, and a captain in the navy in the Civil War. He died in 1890. Mary B. (dec.) married Gustavus A. l^uffum. Frank W. and Charles G., their sons, are prominent lumbermen of Louisiana, Mo. William B. graduated at Bowdoin in 1854, studied law, and subsequently was extensively interested in timber lands and mill property in Minnesota. From 1861 to 1865 he was surveyor-general of Minnesota, and has been president of Minneapolis & St Louis Railroad, a member of Congress from Minnesota, and prominent in the wonderful development of the water- power at Minneapolis, and connected with the immense flouring mills at that city, as well as in various official and financial relations. Caroline A. married Dr Freeland S. Holmes, surgeon of the Sixth Maine, who died in service in September, 1868. Her home is in Minneapolis. This one family has given to the nation four members of Congress from four different states, one secretary of Town of Livermore. 855 state, two foreign ministers, two governors of two different states, one major- general in the U. S. army, and one captain in the U. S. navy. Capt. Otis Pray settled here about 1810, and was extensively engaged as a mill-wright, and had the reputation of being a superior workman. He became captain of the Livermore cavalry, and in his later years cultivated the well- known farm south of the Norlands church, which he had occupied more than 60 years. He was an honored citizen, and died in 1874, aged 85 years. He was brother of Gen. Publius R. R. Pray. His sons were Albert C. and Otis A. Captain Fray's brothers, Publius and Ephraim, came with him, and resided here for many years (see page 847). Samuel Morhon settled here about 1810. He moved to Bangor in 1835. Of his sons, Samuel B. was a graduate of Bowdoin, and after practicing some years as a physician, moved to Bangor and was U. S. pension agent; Dorillus was a wealthy man in Minneapolis, where he was mayor; H. G. O. also became a prominent citizen of Minnesota. Russell S. was a merchant of Bangor. Johi Smith came from Brentwood, N. H., in 1816, and engaged in tanning near the Falls and did a profitable business. He married Mary Sanborn, of Acton. He was one of the first directors of the Androscoggin railroad, and a prominent and generous member of the Baptist church of Livermore Falls for 58 years. After a life of unostentatious usefulness, he died April 26, 1880, aged 94. Cateh Smithy son of John and Mary (Sanborn) Smith, was born in Livermore, March 2, 1818. Mr Smitli continued the business of his father as a tanner and currier, and has a farm of 500 acres, which he conducts with his sons, Samuel, Franklin B., and Charles B. ; another son, Horace, is in the shoe business in Portland, Ore.; Wallace died in Livermore. Mr Smith married Fannie W. Winslow, a native of Jay. He is a Republican in politics, and represented his district in 1873, is a Baptist in his religious affiliations, and an esteemed and valued citizen. Napbtali Coffin, Asa Bartlett, Thomas aud David Rich, Jacob Berais, Jesse Kidder, George Chandler, Col Josiah Hobbs, Benjamin Winslow, Perez Ellis, James Timberlake, Solomon Edes, Capt. Charles J. Baker, Isaac Fuller, Ichabod Boothby, Thomas and Hezekiah Bryant, Isaac Hamlin, Samuel Beals, David Whitman, Elisha Chenery, William Tbompson, Rufus Hewett, James Walker, Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, Isaiah Keith, Apollos Jones, Stacy Knox, J. Basford, Samuel Hersey, Eben Keith, Dea. John Elliot, Dea. Benjamin True, Daniel Briggs, John Bigelow, Col Bartholomew Woodbury, Ephraim Child, David Read, John Sanders, Peter Humphrey, Joshua Campbell, Col William, Robert, James, and Samuel Morison, Lieut Israel Paul, Benjamin, Daniel, and Didymus Edgecomb, Joseph Meserve, Joseph Merrill, and others were valuable additions to the town in the early part of the century, most of them from Massachusetts. The route generally used by them on their way was by sailing vessels to Hallowell, by wagons or sleighs to the end of the road at Androscoggin pond. There they embarked in the primitive boats or scows to cross the pond, go down Dead river, and up the Androscoggin to the ferry above the "rips." The first ferry, at "ToUa- Walla," was soon abandoned and Hillman's Ferry (then called Fuller's) 856 History of Androscoggin County. was established. One was in use for a time below the Falls, and one at Lieutenant Benja- min's, which was discontinued about 1835, and Strickland's Ferry, then Norris's, was put into use. Deacon Livermore, the first settler and a large proprietor, from whom the town was named, was a wise man of wealth and drew about him other settlers of worth and means. Many of the settlers came from Cambridge, Watertown, Waltham, others from Worcester and Bristol counties, and Martha's Vineyard. Those from the vicinity of Boston were familiar with orcharding and Liver- more early became noted for the quantity and quality of its fruit. "From Bristol and Worcester counties came those whose descendants made known the town in Boston markets for its excellent cheese." In elements of intelli- gence, education, and strong mental powers few of the towns of Maine had such valuable possessions in their settlers, and their descendants have done honor to the town in the highest positions of public, political, and commercial life in the land. CHAPTER LIII. Excerpts from Town Records — Early Mills — Early Traders and Tradesmen — Liver- more Village — North Livermore — Livermore Centre — Farmers — Revolutiouary Soldiers — Early Militia — War of 1812 — Civil War —Ecclesiastical — Physicians and Lawyers — Education — The Norlands — Washburn Memorial Library — Civil List. THE FIRST town MEETING was held April 13, 1795, at the house of Deacon Elijah Liver- more. Samuel Hillraau was chosen town clerk and treasurer; David Learnerd, Sylvanus Boardman, and Pelatiah Gibbs, selectmen; Pelatiah Gibbs, constable; James Norton, Elisha Smith, William Lindsey, David Morse, Samuel Sawin, Reuben Wing, Abraham Fuller, surveyors of roads; Thomas Chase, David Morse, Elijah Stephens, surveyors of lumber; Ransom Norton, sealer of weights and measures; Thomas Chase and Isaac Lovewell, fence viewers; Elijah Stephens and Abijah Munroe, liog-reeves; and James Delano, pound-keeper. July 28, £50 were voted for roads, £10 for schools, £15 for the poor, paying town officers, and other charges. Elisha Williams, Samuel Benjamin, and Ransom Norton were chosen to form school districts. Roads were accepted from Turner, from Jay to Fayette, from E. Stephen's ferry, from Deacon Livermore's to New Sand- wich, from the road to Turner's Mills to Chase's Mills, from the Turner road to Chase's Mills, from Littleborough to Benjamin's Mills, from Samuel Sawin's towards Fuller's and Learnard's Ferry, and from Turner road towards Deacon Livermore's. 1796. January 11, Sylvanus Boardman was chosen delegate to vote against the division of the county of Cumberland. This meeting was held at the school-house. March 7, Thomas Chace, Samuel Benjamin, and David Morse were chosen school wards. Voted that the east side of the river be a school district, and that " Nezer Daile, Nathaniel Perley, Ransom Norton, Thomas Choolege, Samuel Benjamin, and Thomas Wing divide the west side into six districts." April 4, first election of state ofificers. Increase Sumner received all the 40 votes cast for governor. 1797. April 3, voted to build a pound within 50 rods of James Delano's house. May 10, voted unanimously to ask for the separation of the district of Maine. November 5, voted to petition the General Court to divide Livermore into two towns, and make the river the dividing line between the counties of Cumberland and Lincoln. 1799. April 1, voted to raise .fiSOO for highways. 1801. September 29, Cyrus Hamlin was chosen delegate to a convention at Paris to consider the propriety of Town of Liveemore. 857 erecting a separate county. 1803. April 4, voted to raise .$130 for hiring preaching. Voted that the assessors talve the minds of the inhabitants respecting what denomination each one will pay his money to. 1804. In March voted to be annexed to the county of Kennebec if disunited from Cumberland. April 2, David Learned, Elijali Livermore, and Jesse Stone were chosen a committee to petition to .sell the ministerial and parsonage lands. May 8, voted that any [religious] society in town have the consent of the town to get incorporated. 1805. May 6, voted to give 25 cents for crows' heads, this year. November 25, voted Col David Learned to remonstrate against dividing the county into half "shiers." 1807. April 0, 83 votes were cast in favor of the erection of Maine into a separate state, and 54 against. October 2, voted to raise $150 for military stores, and " to build a Powder house of Brick and stone on the Isaac Lovell nook." Voted that Mr Sylvanus Boardman be accepted as the town's minister and put in possession of the remaining part of the right of land granted to the town, he giving security for the payment of .$450, to be divided between the Methodist and Universal societies, and indemnifying the town with respect to the use of ministry land or any other ways to support him. 1808. May 2, votes for the reconsideration of the settlement of Elder Boardman 54, votes for the settlement 45. 1813. April 5, voted to petition Congress to have the post route continued from Livermore to Farmington. 1814. April 4, voted to divide the money arising from the ministerial fund amongst the male inhabitants who are 21 years and upwards, and Ira Thompson, Abel Munroe, and Simeon Waters were chosen a committee to do this. 1815. March 6, the selectmen were instructed to procure cartridges and balls sufficient for all the training soldiers in town and deposit them in the magazine prior to the first Tuesday in May next and give notice thereof to the several commanders and companies. 181(). Yeas 124, nays 20, on the separa- tion of Maine. Benjamin Bradford and William H. Brettun were chosen delegates to a convention at Brunswick concerning the separation. 1818. May 4, voted to take a new census for dividing the interest of the minister fund-money and chose Baley Hathaway, Theodore INIastin, and John Turner to represent the Baptist church; William Morison, Abel Monroe, and Nathan Soule, the Methodist; John Griffith, John Leavitt, and Jonathan Bryant, the Universalist. 1819. July 26, voted that the select- men agree with the several ferrymen to ferry the voters on the east side of the river at the expense of the town when going to and from town meetings. September 20, Benjamin Bradford and Thomas Chase, Jr, were chosen delegates to the constitutional convention at Portland. December 20, Livermore cast 76 votes for the adoption of the constitution, and 2 against it. 1820. April 3, William King had 111 votes for the first governor of Maine, Mark L. Hill 15, John Howard 4, Ezekiel Whitman, Merchant Philbrick, and Thomas Chase, Jr, 1 each. 1822. September 9, William H. Brettun & Son, Samuel Morison, Israel Washburn, Davis Washburn, Elisha Pettengill, John S. Stone, Abijah Munroe, and John A. Kimball were licensed as retailers of liquors. 1823. April 7, Isaac Fuller was allowed .$5 for placing plank on the edge of the river at his ferry to make it safe passing at this season of the year. September 8, voted to assess $300 upon District No. 7, to build a school-house. 1826. April 3. This meeting was held at the Baptist meeting-house instead of the Methodist, the usual place of meeting, and voted the September meeting be at the Baptist meeting-house. 1827. March 6, voted to give the Methodists $6 a year for the use of their house for town meetings. March 1, 1.S33, the $200 (interest from the ministerial fund) was divided: The Universalist Society (west side) received $45; Universalist (east side), $23.66; First Baptist, .$.36.65; Second Baptist, $7.42; Third Baptist, $25.52; Methodist (west side), $26.91; Methodist (east side), $21..34; Freewill Baptist, $9.74; Elder Hayes, $3.72. 1837. March 24, voted to receive the public money and to apply it in payment for the farm recently purchased. 1840. September 14, voted not to divide the town. 1843. March 6, the town consented to the incorporation of East Livermore. September 11, the public property of Livermore was divided between Livermore and East Livermore. 1846. March 2, voted that the selectmen employ a physician, in whom they have confidence, " to vaccinate all the inhabitants of the town with Klne pock, who may be willing." 1847. May 24, the selectmen were directed to procure a new hear.se, etc., and ascertain the cost of a hearse-house. 1852. February 4, refused to loan the credit of the town to the Androscoggin Railroad. 1855. May 1, Clarendon Waters was appointed liquor agent. 1858. June 7, Livermore gave 111 votes for the Prohibitory Law and one for the License Law of ]8,")6. September 13, John Saunders, Zebulon Goding, Nathaniel Perley, and Wm Child, with a majority of the selectmen, were made a committee to purchase a town farm. 1859. March 7, voted that the selectmen be instructed to regard the Second Advent Christians and Spirit- ualists as religious societies and entitled to their just proportion of said interest of the ministerial fund. 1860. March 19, the selectmen were authorized to purchase the Phineas S. Gibbs farm for a town farm, at a price not exceeding $700. September 10, for governor, Israel Washburn, Jr, had 211 votes, and 858 History of Androscoggin County, Ephraim K. Smart, 149. 1866. June 9, authorized the issue of six per cent, bonds to fund the town debt, to be redeemable within 15 years. 1871. September 11, voted to exempt from taxation, for ten years, any wholesale boot and shoe factory, located in town, with a capital of $1,000 or more. 1880. December 8, voted to exempt from taxation, for five years, the steam mill, machinery, and stock owned by G. T. Piper. 1891. Valuation, $413,877. Number of taxable polls, 323. The resources of the town amount to $2,048.08; liabilities, $1,177.54. Early Mills (for water-powers see page 42). — The first mills were grist and saw mills, erected near the outlet of Long pond, by Deacon Livermore, before 1783. These were later owned in whole or in part in succession by Otis Robinson, Henry Bond, Lt Samuel Benjamin, Nathaniel Dailey, James Parker, Eli Putnam, Thomas Rich, and Jacob Gibbs, by whose name they were called for many years. Saw, fulling, and carding mills (and later a grist-mill) were erected in 1812 on Mill stream, above the interval, by John Fuller who came in 1795 with his brothers, Isaac and Abram. He died in 1829, aged 85. Isaac, a Revolutionary soldier, kept the ferry (later called Hill man's) at the interval for a long time, dying in 1851, aged 82. These were called Fuller's Mills for years, and later conducted by John A. Kimball. Gen. David Learned built a saw-mill at the outlet of Bartlett's pond, about 1800. Joseph Horsley erected saw and fulling mills, in 1804, on Bog brook, which brought custom from Bethel and other distant points. The power at the foot of Turner's (Brettun's) pond was early occupied by Deacon Livermore, who built saw and grist mills. Samuel Park made scythes at the Falls. Ichabod Boothby ' made scythe-snaths, and Henry Aldrich was in the same business at Brettun's Mills. Early Traders and Tradesmen. — The first trader was Gen. David Learned, in a small store just south of the Norlands Church. He was succeeded, in 1805, by Artemas Leonard, from Raynhara, who removed it to the Dr Hamlin place. Israel Washburn, also from Raynham, in 1809, purchased Leonard's farm and business and conducted trade until 1829. Samuel Morison, Samuel F. Fuller, and Francis F. Haines were early traders on the east side. Besides Joseph Stone, Captain Alpheus Kendall had a tannery at the foot of Bartlett's pond. This did a large business. John Smith, in 1817, started a tannery near Livermore Falls, which has done business until the present. Thomas Wing was an early mill-wright and carpenter. Isaiah Keith and Otis and Ebenezer ^Ic.hahod Boothhij came early from Scarborough. He was a stage driver, and drove the first stage on the line from Saco to Brunswick, and had charge of a box containing the gold and silver to establish the first bank in Bath. Mr Boothby lived in the soutli part and built a scythe-snath factory, which he conducted for 50 years. He was born in 1789 and died 1868, a useful and honest citizen. He married Charlotte Knight. Their children were: Levi P., of Waterville; Charles H. and Eleazer B., of Livermore; David S., of Auburn; Prudence (dec). Charles H. Boothbtj married Betsey Wheeler Hescock, of Jay. Children: Frank H.; Charle.s H., of Portland; Fred D. (dec); Cora P.; Annie C; Ernest R.; George L., of Montana; Lillian M.; Ora W.; Harold A. Frank H. Boothhy, born April 13, 1852, married Carrie M. Young, of North Rumford. He owns and conducts a farm of 60 acres ; has been a justice of the peace for 9 years; is a popular insurance agent, and an adjuster and one of the directors of the Maine Mutual Accident Association of Portland. Town of Livermoee. 859 Pray were mill-wrights. David Morse was a carpenter and joiner, a mason, and a mill-wright. They lived in the south part on the old main road. Col Elias Morse, his son, was also a carpenter. Ebenezer Hinds (1801), Abner and Samuel P. Holman, Nathaniel Soper, Obededora Brown, Samuel Boothby, Alfred Parker, Zebedee Rose, ApoUos Jones, Samuel Hersey were carpenters. The early blacksmiths were Otis llobinson, Capt. Jonathan Morse, David Read, Wm Sanders, Nathan Bartlett, Jeremiah Bean, Ebenezer Pray, James H. Putnam, and others. Captain Simeon Waters was a saddler. Sylvester Norton, Sarson Chase, and John Sanders were early slioemakers. Kilah Hall, from Raynham, made clocks in the south part of the town. Peter Humphrey was the mason from 1800 till his death, some years later. LiVERMORE V^iLLAGE (Brettun's Mills). — The first development of this place was early. Soon after the town was fairly settled, Deacon Elijah Liver- more erected mills, that, bringing people here with their "grists" and saw-logs, soon made it a centre of trade. The mills were later owned by Captain Henry Sawtelle, Nezar Dailey, and William H. Brettun, who bought them in 1810. About this time Ozias Bartlett had a carding mill, later run by John Hanna. Henry Aldrich made scythe-snaths here from 1810 to 1825. Various other industries centered here. Mr Brettun, who had conducted quite a large trade in a store on his farm, threw both energy and capital into developing the village. He built shingle, carding and fulling mills, opened a large stock of goods for sale, made potash, and Brettun's Mills transacted a large amount of business in various lines. About 1836 he removed to Bangor. His son, William H. I^rettun, Jr, succeeded him as a merchant, was succeeded in 1852 by Nathaniel Perley. Mr Perley did a fine business for nearly 15 years and was followed by his son, Samuel F. Perley. George T. Piper, a merchant of Strickland's Ferry, came here in 1869, bought out Mr Perley, and, alone and with others, was in trade until 1880. From 1840 to 1870, Abner L. Aldrich, Barzillai Latham, Isaac and Augustus H. Strickland, Samuel B. Holt (who built a store in 1840), Dorillus Morison, G. W. C. Washburn, and others were in trade for long or short periods. About 1865, S. F. Perley transformed the carriage shop of Palmer Elliott^ into a store, which he sold to Mr Piper. J. Fuller & Co. was here in 1870, and George B. Strickland was a partner of Mr Piper (Piper & Strickland) in this store about 1870. W. F. Fuller, son of Eland Fuller (who came from Hartford and was a tailor for years), was a partner of Mr Piper under firm name G. T. Piper & Co. They sold to Roscoe ^ Deacon John Elliott hecarae a, reaident ot Livermore in 1813. His wife was Elizabeth Marble, of Sutton, Mass., where their son, Palmer, was born in 1806. In 1855 Palmer Elliott came to Brettun's Mills, where he erected many houses, and manufactured carriages for 10 years. His daugliter, Mary, married John McCormick.son of Patrick and Mary (Lewis) McCormick, born at Gibraltar, Spain. His latlier was an orderly under Wellington, and came to Maine in 1826. Mr McCormick served three years in the Civil War. He is a Republican, a Methodist, and a farmer, and belongs to Wilson Post, G. A. R., and Turner Grange. 860 History of Androscoggin County. G. Goding and in a few years bought him out. Since Mr Piper retired in 1880, Mr Fuller has conducted trade alone and is postmaster. Oliver Stevens had a store in 1874 and later. R. F. Gordon traded in 1877 and until 1879. George A. Gordon was in trade some years about 1880. The last trader in the Holt store was P. M. Jones, who went out of trade in 1889. A brisk business was conducted in the mills from Mr Brettun's day, but no great expansion occurred until after 1870, when the Soule shoe factory employed from 50 to 100 hands for some years, S. V. Young about 25, and business was lively. In 1871 there were two saw-mills with shingle and other machinery, and a grist-mill, operated by water, and a large steam mill, making shook, boxes, and spools, emplo3dng numerous hands and carried on by Russell Bros. They were succeeded by Theodore Russell, Jr, the property soon passing into the hands of his father. G. T. Piper sold the grist-mill to Phillips Bros in 1877. In 1881 C. F. Phillips had the grist-mill, A. S. & E. F. Phillips, lumber mills. From 1880, under Mr Piper's operations, times were again brisk. He built a large mill, employed about 50 men in making excelsior, staves, spool stock, and novelty wood-turning. This mill was burned April 5, 1883, rebuilt, and used for novelty wood-turning until June 6, 1888, when it was again burned. A match factory was built in 1890 by Shorey & Sons, but ran only one season. E. F. Phillips now operates the saw-mill, and C. F. Phillips the grist-mill, to which he has just added the making of apple barrels. Livermore Dairying Association was organized in the spring of 1887, with a paid up capital of 11,500, afterwards increased to $1,800. G. B. Strickland was president, G. A. Gordon secretary, W. F. Fuller treasurer. The factory was completed in a few weeks, and butter-making was commenced June 6, 1887. The value of the annual product is from 112,000 to 118,000. Ship- ments are principally made to the principal cities of Maine and Massachusetts. The superintendent, Mr S. H. Deane, is a graduate of the celebrated Turner factory. Present officers: F. E. Adkins, president; T. Russell, secretary; W. F. Fuller, treasurer; D. R. Briggs, C. P. Sanders, D. A. Pollard, members. The village is pleasantl}^ located in a valley, sheltered from rough winter winds by Bear mountain, and with its three stage routes (one to the ferry, one to Canton, one to Auburn), its two churches, its butter factory, and other industries is still a good centre of trade, from 130,000 to -$40,000 worth of goods being sold annually. W. F. Fuller and Mrs R. C. Bryant are the merchants. North Livermore was of importance early, and the centre of activity was at the "Corner." Col Jesse Stone kept a tavern and a tannery for a long time before 1800, and traded in a small way. He was selectman, justice, and post- master. In 1819 Davis Washburn, from Bangor, built a store and with J. M. Williams, from Taunton, condilcted trade here and at Dixfield in an extensive Town of Livermore. 861 way until his death in 1832.^ Charles Barrell was for a time a partner of Mr Washburn at this place. The Coolidge family has been a long time prominent here. Jefferson and Merritt Coolidge were large merchants, but a half a century ago they moved away; the first to Buckfield, the latter to Bangor ; later they were wholesale grocers of Portland, and prominent financial men. William Coolidge, who was a long time in trade, moved to Canton and was followed as merchant by Augustus W. Coolidge, whose daughter, Hattie L., is now in trade. Roscoe G. Coding was in trade for a time. F. W. Coolidge is now a merchant. The North Livermore Cheese Factort/ was organized about 1875, through the efforts of Sewall M. Norton, J. D. and L. B. Thompson, A. W. Coolidge, and others. A factory was built and has been kept in successful operation. S. M. Norton is president of the compan3^ P. S. Gibbs and C. R. Leach are directors. Charles Alden has a small saw-mill. With its country quietude, its Masonic society (see page 209), its two stores, its churches, its neat and quaint farm-houses, the little village has a picturesque charm to the stranger and a cordial greeting to those who call it home. Livermore Centre. — This has been quite a section for trade and manu- facturing. The novelty wood-turning business of F. S. Richmond, now operated at Livermore Falls, had its origin here. The manufacture of exten- sion cases, etc., of John L. Cummings was also started here, but the railroad facilities of the Falls drew both away from the place of their birth (see page 589). The Livermore Centre Cheese Factory was organized by Bigelow & Cummings in 1873 and was of great value to the farmers until it was burned in 1888. Mr Cummings conducted trade for 15 years, but removed his business in 1890. He has built a new factory, however, in Livermore, above the bridge. John W. Bigelow,' Amos Beckler, Millett Cummings, John A. Hayes, and iHis sons, George W. C. Washburn, of Needham, Mass., and John M. Washburn, of Boston, for 25 years treasurer of the Old Colony Railroad, were prominent men. -JohnBigeloio, of Worcester, Mass., came to Livermore in 1802. His sous, Andrew, John Warren, Joel Howard, and Leander were all good farmers. John W. was born July 15, 1807, and died February 26, 1856. He was an intelligent man and a good citizen. John W. Bigelow, son of John W. and Osca (Bradford) Bigelow, was born in Livermore, January 29, 1843. His mother's father, Dr Bradford, was one of the early settlers and first physicians of the town, and of direct descent from Gov. Bradford of Plymouth. Mr Bigelow and his wife, Fannie ^I., have one daughter, Osca C. He was for 15 years agent and manager of the Livermore Centre Cheese Factory. The factory was burned in 1888, and Mr Bigelow now conducts a private cheese and butter factory, employing five persons. He has been a farmer since 1865, and has a farm of 300 acres, and keeps 10 horses, 30 cows and 6 yearlings, and 50 swine. He takes interest in fine horses, and has some valuable animals, among them the brood mai'es Dutchess, Dawn A., Kate B., and Annie E.; the stallions, Johnosca (foaled June 31, 1889, sired by Reckefeller) and Norland Wilkes (foaled June 17, 1890, sired by Messenger Wilkes). He also pays attention to fruit growing, and in 1890 harvested 300 barrels of apples. Mr Bigelow is a Democrat and a Spiritualist. He was sergeant in Co. E, 32d Maine, in the Civil War. Joel Howard Bigelow was an intelligent and progressive farmer on a fine farm near the Norlands. He m., first, Caroline Bradford; second, Hannah Lunt. He has two daughters, Caroline B. (Mrs A. H. Jackson) and Ella M. The farm is kept in good condition, and is one of the pleasant and attractive places of the town. 862 HisTOEY OF Androscoggin County. others have been interested in dairying and the factory. H. R. Norton is the merchant and postmaster. *S'. H. Chase has been established as a dentist for some years in this neighborhood, and is a worthy descendant of some of the earliest families. The northeast corner of Livermore is developing extensive business, and the village of Livermore Falls is crowding across the bridge into this town. The Umbagog Pulp Co. has this season built a large brick mill on the site of its old mill to produce 50 tons of pulp where it made only 30 in the old one. Various industries are locating, streets are being laid out, and houses built. About 1830, F. F. Haines had a large hemp mill in operation here for some time. The farmers of Livermore have a strong soil to cultivate, quite rough and stony in many parts, but repaying the diligent worker. Many are in inde- pendent circumstances. There are some fine apple orchards, mostly Baldwins. Among the leading farmers are Sewall M. Norton, Thomas M. Wyman, Irving Thompson (the largest fruit grower), Calvin R. Leach, Adna Coding, Seth D. Washburn, John Sanders, Martin Keith, Edward Pratt, E. C. Fuller, Nathan Timberlake,^ C. F. Pike, Adna Boothby, John O. Palmer,"^ Roswell Briggs, Dana Pollard, Samuel Nelson, William Soule, and others. Earl// MiliHa—War of 1S12— Civil War. — Major Thomas Fish, Josiah Wyer, Lt Samuel Benjamin, John Walker, Abial Turner, Elisha Fisher, Lt Samuel Foster, Major Joseph Mills, and perhaps others of the settlers did honorable service in the Revolution before the settlement of Livermore was made, and the martial spirit was soon shown by the formation of militia companies. The first was formed in 1800 and had David Learned for captain (he was later major); William Coolidge, lieutenant; Henry Sawtelle, ensign. In 1803 two companies were organized from this one. The one at North Livermore was commanded by Captain Jesse Stone, Lieut Jacob Gibbs, Ensign Thomas Chase, Jr; that at East Livermore by Captain Peter Haines, Lieut Robert Morison, Ensign Theodore Marstou. A company was soon formed in South Livermore, Captain Henry Sawtelle, Lieut James Starbird, Ensign Joseph Mills. A cavalry trooj) was formed in 1809, principally in Livermore, but ^ James Timherlake came to Livermore from Raynham, Mass., early, and settled on the farm now owned and occupied by his son, Nathan, and grandson, Asa G. Here were born his children, and liere after long years, July 1, 1891, was celebrated the golden wedding of Nathan Tbnheriake and wife, Adelia (Millett) Timberlake, the youngest child of Zebulon P. and Deliverance (Rich) Millett, of Leeds. Their children are: D. T., a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1870, principal of Lancaster (N. H.) Academy; Lucellus E., foreman of the Morning Mail Co., Lowell, Mass.; Mrs S. G. Shurtleff; Luetta C; Hon. F. E. Timberlake, attorney for Franklin county; Mrs Lora Chase; Enima A.; Asa G. "John 0. Palmer, one of the enterprising and progressive farmers of South Livermore, is a son of Humphrey Palmer, of Fayette, and Charlotte (Lyford) Palmer, of East Livermore, and was born in Fayette. Mr Palmer married Abbie R., a daughter of Deacon John Lane, of Leeds. Of their six childi'en, two sons survive: Irving O., a graduate of Colby University, and at present principal of the high school at Warehara, Mass., and George L., who resides on the home farm. Mr Palmer is a Republican in his politics, and represented Livermore in the legislature in 1885 and 1889. He and his wife are members of the First Baptist Church. He is a member of Oriental Star Lodge, F. & A. M., and of Turner Grange, P. of H., and has served as chaplain in both orders. His farm is a model of neatness and thrift. Town of Livermore. 863 with men from Turner, Jay, and Dixfleld. OflBcers: Captain Samuel Atwood,i Lieut Isaac Talbot (Turner), Cornet Aaron S. Barton (Dixfield). This was a crack company of the section for years. Amont;- the later captains were Simeon Waters, Daniel and Elisha Coolidge, Alpheus Kendall, Isaac and Hastings Strickland, Otis Pray, M. M. Stone, Hezekiah Atwood, Rufus Hewett, etc. War of 1812. — Two companies of militia served at Portland. They were commanded by Captain Elias Morse and Ensign Henry Aldrich, and Captain William Morison and Lieut Thomas Davis. The regimental officers from Livermore were Joshua Soule, chaplain; James Chase, adjutant; Henry Wood, quartermaster; John Briggs, paymaster; Cornelius Holland, surgeon. A large number from Livermore served in the regular army in this war. Action in the Civil War. — In the Civil War Livermore con- tributed her full quotas of volunteers, 94 in all, made generous provision for the families of her absent soldiers, and cheerfully paid all liabilities incurred on account of the war. The town records say : 1862. April 19, the selectmen were directed to furnish aid to the families of all soldiers, sailors, and marines enlisted in the U. S. service. July 31, voted to pay a bounty of $100 each to all volunteers mustered into the U. S. service, not exceeding 18 in number. August 23, $20 bounty was voted to each man enlisting for nine months, and $80 additional per man was voted September 20. 1863. March 2, $2,000 was voted to pay bounty orders given during the past year. July 20, voted to pay each drafted soldier $7 per month for the time that he is actually in the U. S. service. November 17, "voted to pay all soldiers enlisted under the last call, $200; $100 when mustered into service, the other $100 when killed or honorably discharged," and December 5, $100 additional was voted, to be paid when the soldier was mustered in. 1864. September 24, voted to pay a bounty of $300 under the last call. December 17, voted to pay $500 to each volunteer to fill the quota under the next call for 500,000 men or less for three years' service. 1865. January 3, the selectmen were authorized to fill the quota under the last call to the best advantage. February 4, voted to pay Samuel F. Perley $250 for a substitute, he being the only citizen furnishing one. The First Baptist Church in Livermore was constituted August 7, 1793, with these members: Daniel Holman, Pelatiah Gibbs, Isaac Lovewell, Elisha Williams, Otis Robinson, Henry Bond, James Delano, Zebedee Delano, Thomas Wyman, Peter Goding, David Reed, Anna Gibbs, Hannah Robinson, Mary Delano, Susanna Wyman, Grace Delano, Catherine Walker. The first revival was in this year. Mr Zebedee Delano, while on a visit to Winthrop, heard a sermon preached by Elder Case ; on his return he was " filled with a sense of his own ways," and subsequently opened the worship of God in his family. Others became converted to his ways, and Elder Case and Mr Smith, of Fayette, aided in this revival, and Mr Smith assisted the church for a short time after its organization. Rev. Sylvanus Boardman and Rev. Ransom Norton were among those whom God called at that time to preach the Word. Mr Delano and Elisha Williams became ministei;s of this denomination. The first nine years of its life this church had no pastor, but was assisted by occasional preaching; but it had within itself influential and worthy members, iHe was boru in Digliton, Mass., settled at Brettun's Mills in 1795, later in the west part of the town. He was often in office. Among his children were Captain Hezekiah, Ephraira, Lorenzo, Samuel, and Hepzibah (m. Artemas Cole, of Buckfield). 864 ' History of Androscoggin County. who labored much in word and deed for its upbuilding. Isaac Lovewell, an original member, was exceedingly benevolent and liberal; he sustained a large share in the erection of their second house of worship, and, at his death, left 1800 to aid the support of the gospel. The First Pastor was Rev. Sylvan us Boardman; he came with the Nortons from Martha's Vineyard. (His son, the distinguished missionary, Rev. George Dana Boardman, was born in Livermore.) He was ordained February 2, 1802, and, 1810, by his request, was dismissed from this charge. Mr Boardman was the first settled minister of the town, and obtained, by a vote of the town, the lands reserved for such, a boon which few Baptist ministers in this state ever gained. The church has also enjo3red a portion of the fund arising from other lands designed for the support of the ministry in town. Rev. John Haynes entered upon his duties in May, 1811, and the spiritual welfare of the church was under his successful care until 1822. Rev. David Nutter was here for some nine or ten years from 1824; Rev. R. Milner, 1834; Rev. Nathan Chapman, 1836 ; Rev. Charles Miller, 1839; Rev. John Billings, 1844; Rev. A. B. Pendleton, 1846; Rev. David Nutter, 1849; Rev. Lucius Bradford, 1853; Rev. William A. Durfee, 1859; Rev. E. S. Fish, 1861; Rev. Carleton Parker, 1871; Rev. J. R. Herrick, 1876; Rev. L. P. Gurney, 1881 ; Rev. W. H. S. Ventres, 1884 ; Rev. O. Richardson, 1885 ; Rev. G. W. Colby, 1890. Among the active members of the church in its early days were Deacons Ransom Norton, Sarson Chase, Pelatiah Gibbs, William Sanders, John Elliot, Charles Barrell, Ira Thompson, Cyrus Hamlin, Henry Bond, Jesse Kidder, George Chandler, James and Mayhew Chase, William Thompson, James Walker, and Elder Thomas Wyman. The first worshipers held their services in a barn; then for a time they met in a school-house; then they built a small meeting-house in which they worshiped until 1807, when they erected a new meeting-house at North Livermore. The meeting-house built in 1807 was burned in 1847, and the present one was dedicated in 1848. In the summer and fall of 1871 this house was thoroughly repaired, painted, and carpeted, and a nice chandelier was presented to the church by Arad Thomp- son, of Bangor, and Erastus Thompson, of Hopkinton, Mass., son's of Deacon Ira Thompson, of Livermore. The Second Baptist Clmreh^ occupying the south part of the town, was organized in 1811, with 17 members. It was gathered by the instrumentality of Elder Ransom^ Norton, who became its pastor, and continued here many years. In 1819 the members built a house of worship, but it was not well located and never finished. In 1842 it was taken down and rebuilt about half a mile north of North Turner bridge. In 1843 the church membership was 35. Elders W. Foss and Martin Leonard supplied a portion of the time between the years 1826 and 1838 ; Elder William Johnson in 1838 ; Elder Joseph Hutchinson in 1840 and 1841 ; in 1842, Elder Samuel Boothby ; 1848, Levi Burnham ; 1850, Nathan Mayhew; 1852, R. C. Storr; 1860, E. Richardson; 1864, R. B. Andrews; Town of Livekmore. 865 1868, S. S. Wyman; 1869, 1870, 1871, 1872, 1873, P. Bond; 1875, S. S. Wyman ; 1876, 1877, A. H. Gould; 1879, 1880, S. S. Wyman. Methodism. — Jesse Lee preached at the house of Otis Robinson, February 12, 1793, from Romans viii:13: "For if ye live after the flesh ye shall die." The next Methodist sermon was preached at Deacon Livermore's by Rev. Philip Wager in 1795, when a class was formed. Deacon Livermore gave it hearty support, and from this time there was organized Methodism here. In 1803 Rev. Joshua Soule, then presiding elder and a resident of the town (he was moderator of the annual town meeting in 1812, member of school com- mittee in 1816, and for several years an influential citizen. He was later prominent in religious circles, and a bishop for many years) organized a church and officiated at the first quarterly meeting. This society soon became strong and a church building was built at the Centre. Among the early members were: Deacon Elijah Livermore, wife, and daughter; Samuel Hillman ; Jacob Haskell and wife (subsequently nearly all their children were members) ; Orrin Haskell (for years a prominent official); Samuel Livermore; Simeon Howard; Captain Baker; Nathan Soule; Col Thomas Chase, Jr; John and Abel Monroe ; John, Robert, and Abel Haj^es ; Nathaniel Perley and wife ; John Richardson and wife; Mrs Elisha Chenery was one of this early band and retained her fervor to an ago of more than 90 years (her son, Dr Elisha Chenery, was a member of the East Maine Conference); Philemon Hewitt and Samuel Boothby were strong adherents. Pascal P. Morrill, Francis A. and Nathan A. Soule also became Methodist preachers. The ministers who l)reached on this circuit prior to 1865 are as near as can be ascertained: Revs. Joshua Soule, John T. Adams, Dr Henry Adams, Samuel Hillman, Samuel Thompson, John Wilkinson, David Stimpson, Aaron Humphrey, Eli Howe, Allen H. Cobb, Joshua Randall, Charles Virgin, Philip Munger, George Webber, D.D., David Copeland, Abel Alton, Benjamin Burnham, Asa Greene, S. P. Blake, Benjamin Foster, Alvah Hatch, John True, Joseph Gerry, James Farrington, Daniel Dyer, E. H. Gammon, Samuel Ambrose, Daniel Water- house, Caleb Mugford, Joseph Hawkes, W. C. Stevens, S. W. Pierce, S. B. Bailey, S. S. Gray, Isaac Lord. From 1865 the pastors have been: 1866, 1867, Francis Grosvenor; 1868, M. B. Cummings; 1869, Jonathan Fairbanks; 1871, 1872, Thomas Hillman; 1873, 1874, H. B. Ward well; 1875, Thomas J. True; 1876, William H. Trafton; 1877, 1878, 1879, N. C. Clifford; 1880, Samuel R. Bailey; 1881, 1882, 1883, Walter Canham; 1884,1885,1886, M. K. Mabry; 1887, 1888, 1889, 1890, C. M. Abbott; 1891, S. E. Dunham. Meetings have been sustained, prosperity and decline, and again prosperity, has been the con- dition of the society, and much good has been accomplished. The church at North Livermore was organized in June, 1871, with 27 members from the class formed here in 1857, and the former residence of Colonel Stone was purchased and remodelled into a convenient church. In 1877, in the pastorate of Rev. 866 History of Androscoggin County. N. C. Clifford, an appropriate chapel was built at Livermore Village, and in 1878, through the strenuous labors of the same pastor, the old church at the Centre was thoroughly repaired and again occupied. The three churches were valued in 1886 at -13,000. Universal ism. — During the years before and after 1800 there was preaching in school-houses and dwellings by ministers of this faith. Rev. Isaac Root and Rev. Thomas Barns labored with fruitful results. In the town records of October, 1807, there is a mention of the " Universal Society." In 1807, November 24, a society was formed ; Capt. Samuel Atwood was elected moderator; Dr Cornelius Holland, clerk, moderator, and collector; and it was voted to raise money by subscription for the support of preaching, and these were the subscribers: Thomas Bryant, Cornelius Holland, Isaac King, Samuel Beals, Ezra Parker, John Worm well, Joseph Horsley, Daniel Child, Asa Has- kell, Joseph Mills, Henry Sawtelle, Ephraim Griff eth, William Cooper, Hezekiah Bryant, Simeon Waters, Samuel Atwood, David Learned, Israel Paul, Gideon Southworth, John Leavitt, John Griffeth, Jr, Abel Delano, John Griffeth, David Morse, Isaac Hamlin, Rouse H. Leavitt, Jonathan Morse, John Turner, Samuel Benjamin, Jonathan Bryant, Jesse Stone. Rev. Mr Root preached a part of the time in 1808-9-10-11, and Rev. Mr Barns occasionally. At a parish meeting, March 4, 1809, Capt. Simeon Waters was chosen moderator, and Dr Holland, clerk and treasurer, and voted to pay Mr Root f4 a Sunday. In 1814, voted to emplo}'^ a minister, and Abijah Monroe and David Morse were chosen to enofaofe one ; also voted to hold the meetings at the school-house, near Dr Bradford's. In 1816 Rev. Mr Sargeant preached for a short time at $5 a Sunday. This year a Universalist convention was held in the Baptist meeting- house. In 1817 Dr Benjamin Bradford, Israel Washburn, and Samuel Beals were committee to procure a preacher. May, 1819, Benjamin Bradford, Israel Washburn, and Capt. John Leavitt were chosen a standing committee, and Israel Washburn, Jesse Stone, Reuel Washburn, Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, and Ephraim Pray were to make arrangements for the association which was to be held in June. It was also voted "that the standing committee be empowered to find a home for our minister."' Among the ministers who preached between 1811 and 1819 were the Rev. Thomas Barns, Rev. Mr Butterfield, Rev. William Farwell, and probably Rev. B. Streeter. Between 1819 and 1827 there was preaching, usually half of the time, by Mr Streeter, and the Revs. Wm A. Drew, Jabez Woodman, George Bates, Sylvanus Cobb, and others. In 1827 measures were taken for the building of a church, and, September 8, a parish meeting was held; William H. Brettun was elected moderator, and Dr Bradford, clerk. Otis Pray, Jesse Stone, William H. Brettun, Isaac Strick- land, Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, Daniel Coolidge, and Daniel Briggs were appointed to fix on a suitable site for a meeting-house, estimate the expense, and ascertain the number that would assist in defraying it; and two weeks were allowed Town of Livermore. 867 them to make their report. At the adjournment it was voted "that the most suitable site for the meeting-house is between the dwelling-houses of Israel Washburn and Otis Pray." October 6, Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, Abner Holman, Reuel Washburn, Henry Aldrich, and Simeon Waters were made a committee to appraise the pews. The meeting was adjourned to October 20, when a building committee, Henry Aldrich, Benjamin Bradford, and Otis Pray was appointed. The house was completed by the spring of 1829, and, June 18, the church at the Norlands was dedicated, the Rev. William A. Drew preaching the sermon from John ii:16. The house had a capacity for seating 400 persons, was of fine proportions, and was surmounted by a graceful spire. The church was repaired in 1839, under the direction of Ebenezer Hinds, Jr, Otis Pray, and Samuel P. Holman, and, in 1850, Otis Pray, Daniel Briggs, and M. M. Stone were the committee "to repair the building." After the erection of the church its pulpit was supplied by Messrs Bates and Drew and Rev. Seth Stetson until 1832. Rev. Jeremiah Stoddard was the minister in 1832 and 1833, Rev. Jabez Woodman in 1834 and 1836, Rev. George Bates in 1835. Rev. George W. Quimby was settled as pastor in 1837 and remained four years. In 1839 Rev. Mr Quimby, Israel Washburn, and Clarendon Waters were a committee to report a constitution and by-laws for the parish. Rev. Ezekiel Vose succeeded Mr (Quimby in 1840 and was pastor until 1843, when Rev. Robert Blacker, of Norridgevvock, was called to the pastorate, continued until 1850. Rev. Frederic Foster was his successor until 1855. From 1855 until 1874 the preachers were Revs W. R. French, D. T. Stevens, and O. H. Johnson. In 1873 the church was thoroughly repaired. Changes in the line of travel, in business, and in the residence of members made the building of a church at the village necessary. Without any division or secession of members, but that better accommodations might be secured, a handsome church with a vestry in the basement was erected in 1869. It was dedicated in November, 1869, the Rev. Amory Battles, of Bangor, preaching the sermon. A fine-toned bell was hung in 1870, and a good organ was obtained by the active exertions of the ladies of the parish. Maj. Isaac Strickland, Col Lee Strickland, Col Silas Morse, Orison Rollins, Esq., Hiram Briggs, Charles Springer, William Pollard, William H. Bennett, Sumner and Richard Morse, Palmer Elliot, Sumner Soule, N. Turner, S. Phillips, and others took an active interest in the erection of this church. Since 1875 the society has been ministered to by Rev. William Pratt, Rev. A. J. Aubrey, Rev. R. B. Davis, Rev. H. C'. Munson, Rev. W. R. French, and others. Adventists. — A small number hold to the tenets of this faith and meetings are held. They have been considered a society since 1859. Rev. D. H. Kilbreth is a resident of the town. Temperance societies have been well sustained and the Good Templars have of late years maintained two lodges. 8G8 History of Androscoggin County. Dr Cyrus Hamlin was the first physician and erected his house where " The Norlands " stands. He married Anna, daughter of Deacon Livermore ; she died August 25, 1852. He was moderator of the town meeting in 1795. When the people of Livermore wished him to settle among them, they could not promise him business enough to support him, but agreed that he and his horse should be taken care of gratuitously, so for one year he boarded around like the country schoolmaster. When the county of Oxford was established, Dr Hamlin was the first clerk of the court, and in 1805 removed to Paris, the county seat, became sheriff, and died in 1829. His children were : Hon. Elijah Livermore Hamlin, born in Livermore, March 29, 1800, in the house built by his father and afterwards purchased by Israel Washburn. He was graduated from Brown Universit}^ in 1819, and was a lawyer by profession ; was a repre- sentative and senator in the state legislature from Livermore, member of the executive council, state land agent, and mayor of Bangor; in 1854 he was U. S. commissioner under the treaty with Great Britain to define the fishing limits between the two countries. He was a man of fine education, and his probity of character and genial disposition made him universally respected and beloved. He died in ]>angor in 1872. Ci/rtis, born 1802, graduated as M.D. from Bowdoin in 1828, settled at Calais, and died in 1839. Eliza. Anna, born 1805, married Hon. Daniel Brown, of Waterford. Vesta, born 1808, married Dr Job Holmes, of Calais. Hon. Hannibal Hamlin, LL.D., was born in Paris, August 27, 1809, and died July 4, 1891, at Bangor. He located in Hampden as a lawyer, but later removed to Bangor. He was one of Maine's most distinguished and honored sons. He was representative to the legislature in 1836, 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, and 1847; speaker of the house in 1837, 1839, and 1840; aid-de-camp to Governor John Fairfield in 1839; representative to the 28th and 29th Congresses in 1843 to 1847; U. S. senator 1848 to 1856; governor in 1857; U. S. senator in 1857 to 1861; Vice-President of the United States 1861 to 1865; collector of the port of Boston in 1865 and 1866; U. S. senator in 1869 to 1881; minister to Spain in 1881, resigned in 1883, and returned to Bangor. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Colby University in 1869. Hannah, married Dr T. B. Townsend. Dr Cornelius Holland practiced here a few years after 1805. He after- wards settled at Canton. He was a fine physician and prominent in affairs of state and nation. He was state senator from Oxford county two terms, and thrice elected representive to the U. S. Congress. He died in Canton, June 2, 1870, aged nearly 87 years. Dr Benjamin Preseott succeeded Dr Hamlin. He was the first postmaster. He remained until 1809, when he sold his house to Dr Benjamin Bradford, a native of Turner, who moved to Livermore in August of that year, and was a resident until his death in May, 1864, aged 80 years. As a physician he was careful and judicious, and had a large and successful practice ; as a man he was genial, wise, and of rare humor ; as a Town of Livermore. 869 citizen, useful and honored. He was the second postmaster, and treasurer of town over half a century. He was for several years a member of the Maine legislature from Livermore,and in 1841 was a member of the executive council, and was much esteemed by Governors Lincoln and Kent. He was notable for his good sense and remarkable conversational powers, and was the centre of the social circle. He married Martha Bisbee, who died in 18G3. Of his 13 children these survived iiim : Flora (Mrs Merritt Coolidge) ; Osca (Mrs John W. Bigelow, of Livermore ; Celia, Mrs Elisha Coolidge; Henry ^ow(7, farmer, who resided on the old place, and was town treasurer many years ; Martha^ Mrs Joseph Locke ; AI{/ernon Sidney, a farmer in Minnesota. Physicians. — Dr Timothy Hoive came about 1814, and afterwards moved to Turner, where he was prominent. His son, Timothy 0. Howe, was born in Liver- more, February 24, 1816, passing his childhood in Turner. He was educated to the bar and emigrated to Wisconsin after 1845, and settled at Green Bay, where he practiced law with success, and was judge of the circuit and supreme courts five years. From 1861 to 1879 he was U. S. senator from Wisconsin. Soon after this he was appointed one of the IT. S. commissioners to the Inter- national Monetary Congress at Paris by President Garfield, and in December, 1881, he was made postmaster-general by President Arthur, where he did most excellent work until his death, March 25, 1883. He was an active Republican and a leader in all public matters in his state. Dr S. B. Morison was in practice at the village for several years and surgeon in the 2d Me. Drs Barnard, William Brown, Albert L. Frye, J. W. Bridgham, John Ladd, and I. G. Bunham have been physicians in the town. Dr Ladd died in April, 1888; he had practiced medicine 30 years. Br Adams was here for a few years. Br Eli Edgecoynh, son of Benjamin and Sally Edgecomb, was born in Livermore, in August, 1811, receiving his medical degree at Bowdoin College, May 9, 1841. After years of practice he located at Livermore in 1883. He was a member of Maine Medical and Androscoggin Medical Associations, and has been president and secretary of the latter. He died in October, 1891. Lawyers. — The earliest lawyers were Strong, Jonathan G. Hunton, Ezra Kingman, Asa King, Harry Wood, and Richard Belcher, but their stay here was but for a few years. For Reuel Washburn (see page 315). For Seth D. Washburn (see page 329). Barzillai Streeter was here for a short time before 1840. Education. — Livermore people from the first were interested in knowledge. The best works of standard authors passed from hand to hand. Deacon Elijah Livermore, General Learned, Artemas Leonard, Dr Cyrus Hamlin, Dr Bradford, and Israel Washburn were good talkers, and often the old store or office of the public house would be packed with people, as quiet as if at a lecture, to hear them talk of the books they had read, the subjects treated of, their ideas upon them, the merits of the authors, the news in the Boston and 870 History of Androscoggin County. Portland papers, which came to two or three. Goldsmith's public house of "The Deserted Village" well illustrates these occasions. And if they did discuss "news older than their ale," it was news to the listeners and not lost upon them. As soon as circumstances admitted a "Social Library" was provided, in which valuable works of history and travel filled the larger space. This was kept at Dr Bradford's, and the choice selection in his private librar}^ was at the service of the people. At the first town meeting £40 was voted for the support of schools, and Elisha Williams, Samuel Benjamin, and Ransom Norton were chosen a committee to divide the town into school districts. In 1796 a committee was appointed to take the number of scholars in each district. In 1801 the inhabitants voted to raise 1900 to build school-houses, that the school-houses in each district be built " not less than 20 feet by 20 and 8 feet stud with a hipped roof with 6 foot Ridgepole." One built early in the century was described as "an old-fashioned square building with a hipped roof, and unpainted. There were two enormous fire-places, where wood, which cost nothing then but the hauling, was burned at the rate of about a cord a day." Ma}^ 9, 1803, Elijah Livermore, Cyrus Hamlin, and Nathaniel Perley were chosen to petition the General Court to sell the school lands. In 1807 the town gave the trustees of the school fund the control of the interest to expend for a school the present year. In 1810 it was voted to divide the school money according to the number of scholars in each district under 21 years of age. The teachers were well qualified, did good work The spelling and speaking schools and debating clubs of that day were of more benefit to the scholars than the base-ball, tennis, and gymnastics of this enlightened age. At the present time there are 17 school districts, and a Union district (with Jay)- Livermore, especially that portion in the vicinity of the Norlands, attracted attention at an early day from its favorable situation and exquisite beauty of landscape. Gen. David Learned and Dr Cyrus Hamlin settled here and built capacious residences in the last century. Both were prominent and influential men, and on the organization of Oxford county Gen. Learned was appointed sheriff, and Dr Hamlin clerk of the courts. As Dr Hamlin's appointment necessitated his removal to the county seat (Paris), his Livermore home became the property of Israel Washburn in 1809, and in the house built by the doctor all Mr Washburn's children were born. Hon. Elijah Livermore Hamlin, long prominent in Maine politics, son of Dr Hamlin, was here born. (Hon. Hannibal Hamlin was born a few months after Dr Hamlin moved to Paris.) At the Norlands and in its immediate neighborhood many prominent men have resided. Among them were Dr Cornelius Holland, the successor of Dr Hamlin as a physician, who later lived in Canton, and was four years member of Congress; Hon. Jonathan G. Hunton, afterwards governor of Maine; Dr Benjamin Bradford, member of the executive council; Simeon Town of Livermore. 871 Waters and Israel Washburn, Sen., many times members of the General Court of Massachusetts; Dr Benjamin Prescott, a distinguished physician; Gen. Publius R. R. Pray, who became judge of the High Court of Errors and Appeals in Mississippi; and other notabilities. WaMiini 3Iemorial Library, erected at the Norlands in honor of their father and mother by Hon. Elihu B. Washburn and Gen. W. D. Washburn, was dedicated August 27, 1884. It is 32x48 feet in size, built of Hallowell granite in the Gothic architecture, is beautifully frescoed inside, and is admirably adapted to its purpose; cost *|10,000, and has alcoves for 7,000 volumes. The library of 5,000 volumes is free to the people of the territory of the original town of Livermore. W. P. Washburn, Esq., is librarian. A gallery of portraits of prominent citizens and early settlers is connected. vVt the time of the dedication the portraits of these people were on the walls: Israel Washburn, Sen., Mrs Israel Washburn, ex-Governor Israel Washburn, Jr, A. S. Washburn, ex-Governor C. C. Washburn, Gen. W. D. Washburn, Hon. Reuel Washburn, Dr Benjamin Bradford, Capt. Otis Pray, Hon. Cornelius Holland, David Benjamin, Mrs David Benjamin, Samuel Morison, Mrs Samuel Morison, Dr Cyrus Hamlin, Hon. Hannibal Hamlin. Many articles of great historical value are here preserved. Among them are the saddle and spurs used by Gen. U. S. Grant during the Civil War, and the inkstand used by Generals Grant and Lee when signing the terms of Lee's capitulation. They were given to Hon. Elihu B. Washburn by General Grant. Civil List. — 1795 — Samuel Hillman, clerk; David Learned, Sylvanus Boardman, Pelatiah Gibbs, selectmen. 179(> — Samuel Ilillman, clerk; David Learned, Sylvanus Boardman, Thomas Chace, selectmen. 1797 — Cyrus Hamlin, clerk; David Learned, Hanes Learned, Isaac Livermore, selectmen. 1798 — Cyrus Hamlin, clerk; Isaac Livermore, Abijah Muuroe, Daniel Clark, selectmen. 1799 — Elislia Williams, clerk; Uenjamin True, David Learned, Abijah Munroe, selectmen. 1800— David Learned, clerk; Abijah Munroe, Nathaniel Perley, Pelatiah Gibbs, Peter Hanes, Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1801 — David Learned, clerk; Sylvanus Boardman, Nathaniel Perley, Pelatiah Gibbs, Samuel Benjamin, Uriah Foss, selectmen. 1802 — David Learned, clerk; Pelatiah Gibbs, James Starbird, Nathaniel Perley, Samuel Benjamin, Jesse Stone, selectmen. 1803— Nathaniel Perley, clerk; David Learned, Jesse Stone, Samuel Benjamin, selectmen. 1804 — Sarson Chace, clerk; Jesse Stone, Nathaniel Perley, Samuel Benjamin, selectmen. 1805 — Sarson Chace, clerk; Jesse Stone, Nathaniel Perley, Simeon Waters, selectmen. 180G — Sarson Chace, clerk; Jesse Stone, Simeon Waters, Nathaniel Perley, selectmen. 1807 — Sarson Chace, clerk; Simeon Waters, Nathaniel Perley, Jacob Gibbs, selectmen. 1808 — Sarson Chace, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Jesse Stone, Peter Hanes, selectmen. 1809 — Simeon Waters, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Peter Hanes, Thomas Chase, Jr, selectmen. 1810 — Simeon Waters, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Jesse Stone, William Morison, selectmen. 1811 — Thomas CJhase, Jr, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, William ^Morison, Samuel Livermore, selectmen. 1812 — Thomas Chase, Jr, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Samuel Livermore, William Morison, selectmen. 1813 — Israel Wash- burn, clerk; Samuel Livermore, William Morison, Samuel Atwood, selectmen. 1814-1815 — Israel Washburn, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Ebenezer Turner, Samuel Atwood, selectmen. 1816 — Israel Washburn, clerk; Nathaniel Perley, Ebenezer Turner, Ira Thompson, selectmen. 1817 — Simeon Waters, clerk; Jesse Stone, Peter Haines, Israel Washburn, selectmen. 1818 — Simeon Waters, clerk; Israel Washburn, Aaron Barton, Zebulon Norton, selectmen. 1819 — Simeon Waters, clerk; Israel Washburn, Amos Hobbs, Zebulon Norton, selectmen. 1820-1821 — Charles Barrell, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Amos Hobbs, Josiah Hobbs, selectmen. 1822-1823 — Charles Barrell, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Amos Hobbs, John Leavitt, selectmen. 1824 — Charles Barrell, clerk; Zebulon Norton, John S. Stone, John Leavitt, selectmen. 1825-1826 — Thomas Chase, Jr, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Josiah Cutler, John 872 History of Androscoggin County. Leavitt, selectmen. 1827-1828 — Charles Barrell, clerk; Zetulon Norton, Ephraim Pray, John Leavitt, selectmen. 182!) — George Bates, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Samuel Morison, John Strickland, select- men. 1830 — Reuel Washburn, clerk; John Leavitt, Samuel Morison, John Strickland, selectmen. 1831 — Reuel "Washburn, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Amos Hobbs, John Strickland, selectmen. 1832 — James Chase, clerk: Zebulon Norton, Ebenezer Turner, John Strickland, selectmen. 1833 — Tristram Hilhnan, clerk; John Leavitt, Samuel INlorison, John Strickland, selectmen. 1834— Tristram Hillman, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Amos Hobbs, John Strickland, selectmen. 1835 — Tristram Hillman, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Samuel Morison, John Strickland, selectmen. 1836 — Tristram Hillman, clerk; Zebulon Norton, Aaron Barton, Jr, John Strickland, selectmen. 1837-1838-1839 — Tristram Hillman, clerk; John Strickland, Aaron Barton, Jr, Hezekiah Atwood, selectmen. 1840-1841-1842- lji43 — Tristram Hillman, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, Aaron Barton, Jr, Isaac Strickland, selectmen. 1844. — Tristram Hillman, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, Isaac Strickland, Josiah Hobbs, selectmen. 1845 — Tristram Hillman, derk; Hezekiah Atwood, Josiah Hobbs, Sylvester Norton, selectmen. 1846 — Robert Blacker, clerk; Isaac Strickland, Matthew M. Stone, Ulmer Perley, selectmen. (Hezekiah Atwood was chosen April 27, to fill the vacancy occasioned by Mr Strickland's moving into Turner.) 1847-1848 — John Munroe, Jr, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, John Strickland, Sylvester Norton, selectmen. 1849-1850 — John Munroe, Jr, clerk; John Strickland, Sylvester Norton, Stephen Leavitt, selectmen. 1851 — John Munroe, Jr, clerk; Sylvester Norton, Stephen Leavitt, Daniel Briggs, selectmen. 1852 — John Munroe, Jr, clerk; John Strickland, Daniel Briggs, Granville Childs, selectmen. 1853 — John Munroe, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, Isaac Strickland, Tristram Hillman, selectmen. 1854 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Hezekiah Atwood, Isaac Strickland, Tristram Hillman, selectmen. 1855 — Charles W. Fuller, clerk; Tristram Hillman, John Munroe, Jr, Clarendon Waters, selectmen. 1856-1857 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Isaac Strickland, Clarendon Waters, Stephen Leavitt, selectmen. 1858-1859 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Tristram Hillman, Sewall M. Norton, Cyrus Soper, selectmen. 1860— Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Tristram Hillman, Cyrus Soper, Franklin Gibbs, selectmen. 1861 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Tristram Hillman, Cyrus Soper, J. D. Thompson, selectmen. 1862 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Lee Strickland, Cyrus Soper, J. D. Thompson, selectmen. 1863 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Cyrus Soper, Orison Rollins, J. B. Goding, selectmen. 1864-1865 — Salathiel Tilton, clerk; Orison Rollins, A. C. Harlow, John White, selectmen. 1866-1867 — S. F. Perley, clerk; T. Hillman, Cyrus Soper, Sumner Soule, selectmen. 1868 — S. F. Perley, clerk; T. Hillman, Clarendon Waters, John A. Hayes, select- men. 1869— S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, John A. Hayes, Lewis M. Wing, selectmen. 1870 — S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, Henry Bradford, Lewis M. Wing, selectmen. 1871 — S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, John A. Hayes, G. B. Strickland, selectmen. 1872 — S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, J. A. Hayes, C. W. Fuller, selectmen. 1873 — S. F. Perley, clerk; Orison Rollins, G. B. Strick- land, William H. Thompson, selectmen. 1874-1875-1876 — S. F. Perley, clerk; C. W. Fuller, William II. Thompson, A. H. Strickland, selectmen. 1877 — S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, J. D. Thomi^sou, E. L. Philoon, selectmen. 1878-1879— S. F. Perley, clerk; Cyrus Soper, George T. Piper, Millett Cummings, selectmen. 1880— S. F. Perley, clerk; G. B. Strickland, E. L. Philoon, J. N. Atwood, selectmen. 1881 — S. F. Perley, clerk; E. L. Philoon, J. N. Atwood, L. B. Thompson, selectmen. 1882 — G. B. Strickland, clerk; E. L. Philoon, J. N. Atwood, L. B. Thompson, selectmen. 1883 — G. B. Strickland, clerk; J. N. Atwood, W. H. Thompson, Sidney Boothby, selectmen. 1884 — G. B. Strickland, clerk; G. B. Strickland, W. F. Fuller, Millett Cummings, selectmen. 1885-1886 — C. E. Knight, clerk; G. T. Piper, Charles Pike, I. T. Munroe, selectmen. 1887 — William N. Bennett, clerk; G. T. Piper, Charles Pike, I. T. Munroe, selectmen. 1888 — W. N. Bennett, clerk; I. T. Munroe, A. G. Timberlake, E. Pratt, selectmen. 1889 — W. N. Bennett, clerk; William Pratt, William Thompson, Calvin R. Leach, selectmen. 1890-1891 — W. N. Bennett, clerk; Edward Pratt, William H. Thompson, C. R. Leach, selectmen. Appendix. 873 APPENDIX. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. By Benjamin Tappan Chase, Past Grand Chancellor and Supreme Kepresentative. THIS order was founded in Washington, D. C, February 19, 1864. The founder of the order was Justus Henry Rathbone, born in Deerfield, N. Y., October 29, 1839; died at Lima, Ohio, December 9, 1889. This flourishing and rapidly increasing beneficial order was founded and based on the ancient story of Damon and Pythias; its tenets and objects are, and always will be, friendship, charity, and benevolence, in the truest, highest, and noblest sense. March 15, 1871, the first Knights of Pythias lodge in the state of Maine — Mavoshen,No. 1, — was instituted at Biddeford, through the instru- mentality of Richmond H. IngersoU of that city, soon after appointed Deputy Grand Chancellor for Maine, by Supreme Chancellor Samuel Read. Through the persistent efforts of John Francis Hamlet (superintendent of Lewiston Mills), Lysander Cooper (an overseer in the Lewiston Mills), and John Franklin Berry (an overseer in the Androscoggin Mills), who were members of the order, the second lodge in the state and the first in Andros- coggin county was instituted at Lewiston, May 5, 1871, by Grand Chancellor Stillman S. Davis, of Nashua, N. H. (afterwards Supreme Chancellor), assisted by Deputy Grand Chancellor Richmond H. IngersoU, of Biddeford, Me. This lodge was named and chartered Iiuha^fr//^ No. iF, of Lewiston. For over eight years the members of Industry Lodge carried the Pythian banner and practiced Pythian principles in Androscoggin county, alone and single handed, with no sister lodge to assist them, for the second lodge in the county (Enterprise., No. 22, of Auburn,) was not instituted until December 11, 1879. Pythian tenets and teachings, however, were becoming better known, and notwith- standing the existence of older beneficial organizations in different sections of the county, the excellent work of Industry Lodge and the Pythian enthusiasm of the members of Enterprise Lodge began to be felt and appreciated and new interest was awakened, culminating two months later (February 19, 1880,) in the institution of Mount David Lodge., No. 23, of Lewiston. Since then the Pythian growth in Androscoggin county has been conservative and most gratifying to the followers of and believers in Pythianism, six additional lodges having been instituted, as follows: February 18, 1881, Cohimhia, No. 26, at Lisbon Falls; February 26, 1884, Eureka, No. 48, at Auburn; December 18, 1885, St Elmo, No. 65, at Mechanic Falls; April 5, 1888, Port Royal, No. 62, 874 History of Androscoggin County. at Livermore Falls; March 13, 1891, Major Leavift, No. 74, at North Turner; May 11, 1891, Netv Auhurn, No. 75., at Auburn. July 1, 1891, these nine lodges had an aggregate membership of 948, and cash assets of 110,380.71, and owned other property of the value of •15,853.30. From May 5, 1871, when Industry Lodge, No. 2, was instituted, up to July 1, 1891, the Knights of Pythias lodges in Androscoggin county had paid out for sick and funeral benefits f 17,205. 32. The following is a brief roster and history of these nine Pythian lodges, in the order of their institution: — Industry, No. 2, of Lewiston; instituted May 5, 1871, in Grand Army Hall, corner of Lisbon and Pine streets, by Grand Chancellor Stillman S. Davis, of Nashua, N. H. (afterward Supreme Chancellor), assisted by Deputy Grand Chancellor Richmond H. Ingersoll, of Biddeford (who, July 9, 1872, was elected the first Grand Chancellor of Maine). This was the first Knights of Pythias lodge in Androscoggin county and its organization was due to the influence and work of John Francis Hamlet, Lysander Cooper, and John Franklin Berry, all members of Industry Lodge, No. 72, of Philadelphia, Pa. (which surrendered its charter in June, 1880). Becoming residents of Lewis- ton, believing in Pythian principles and desiring a Pythian lodge which they could attend, Messrs Hamlet, Cooper, and Berry withdrew from Industry Lodge, No. 72, November 14, 1870, and the following May succeeded in starting a new lodge in Lewiston, a large proportion of the charter members being emplo3^es in the Lewiston and Androscoggin Mills. This new lodge was named Industry, in honor of the mother lodge of Messrs Hamlet, Cooper, and Berry. The lodge continued to meet in Grand Army Hall, corner of Lisbon and Pine streets, until August 1, 1871, — the date of its last meeting in that hall. Having leased for a term of years the hall and anterooms in the third story of Union Block on Lisbon street and properly fitted and furnished them, tlie lodge moved into and held its first meeting in its new quarters, which they named Pythian Hall, August 8, 1871. They occupied and held their meetings in this hall until February 1, 1882, when they moved into their new Pythian Hall in College Block, on Lisbon street, which Industry and Mount David Lodges had jointly leased for a term of five years from February 1, 1882. Industr}^ Lodge held its first meeting in this new hall, which had been finely fitted and furnished by the two lodges, on February 7, 1882, and has continued, up to the present time, to meet on Tuesday evening of each week, in this Pythian Hall, which is one of the best in the state. Charter Members : Miles Avery, Albert A. Barker, Horace C. Beal, John F. Berry, Chellis O. Collins, Lysander Cooper, Menander Dennett, George Flye, John G. Hamilton, John G. Hamlet, John Holt, Barnum Jones, Charles M. Jones, Gideon P. Lowell, George W. Maxfield, Freeman H. Merrill, Henry Morrill, Alfred J. Morse, Forrest Nelson, Frank S. Peabody, Alden D. Peasley; James H. Peasley, Francis R. Perkins, John Porter, Timothy B. Rowell, John Y. Scruton, Nathaniel E. Skelton, Hiram Snow, Palmer O. Spinney, Andrew J. Stackpole, Daniel M. Stearns, Fernando C. Tarr, Justus S. Wheeler. First Officers: Venerable Patriarch, Timothy B. Rowell; Worthy Chan- cellor, John F. Hamlet; Vice Chancellor, Lysander Cooper; Recording Scribe, Menander Dennett; Appendix. 875 Financial Scribe, George W. Maxfield; Banker, Alfred J. Morse; Guide, Charles Jones; Inner Steward, Alson Lothrop; Outer Steward, Chellis O. Collins. At the session of the Supreme Lodge held at Baltimore, Md, in April, 187'2, the names and titles of the officers of a subordinate lodge were changed, as follows: Venerable Patriarch to Past Chancellor; Worthy Chancellor to Cliancellor Commander; Vice Chancellor to remain the same; Prelate, a new officer to perform the duties formerly prescribed for the office of Venerable I'atriarch; Recording Scribe to Keeper of Records and Seal; Financial Scribe to Master of Finance; Banker to Master of Exchequer; Guide to Master at Arms; Inner Steward to Inner Guard; Outer Steward to Outer Guard. Officers of the Grand Lodge. — From the Past Chan- cellors of Industry Lodge have been elected the following officers of the Grand Lodge of Maine: Nicholas R. Lougee, who was the first Grand Banker (now known as Grand Master of Exchequer) of the Grand Lodge and who was elected a Past Grand Chancellor at the session of 1874; Joseph J. Davis, who was elected Grand Outer Guard at the session of 1875; Charles Donovan, who was elected Grand Inner Guard at the session of 1875, and Grand Prelate at the session of 1876, but who is not now a member of the lodge; William F. Garcelon, who was elected Grand Chancellor at the session of 1880, and who died at Riverside, Cal., March 9, 1884; Emery Bailey, who was elected Grand Prelate at the session of 1888. Permanent Members of the Grand Lodge and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) Industry Lodge has two permanent members of the Grand Lodge, viz.: Past Grand Chancellor Nicholas R. Lougee and Past Grand Prelate Emery Bailey; and has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Calvin M. Bane, Horace C. Beal, Samuel Black, John 1). Bubier, Levi T. Butler, George W. Cappers, Leroy H. Chipman, Nathan K. Cobb, Frank A. Conant, Joseph J. Davis, John A. Dilling- ham, Hiram F. Dolbier, William W. Drake, George Ehrenfried, Samuel H. Foster, A. Lincoln French, Edwin A. Flinn, Albert H. Given, Lewis E. Heckler, William F. Kidder, Henry W. Longley, Scott Maxwell, Freeman H. Merrill, Edgar McAllister, George W. Meserve, James S. Morgan, Charles H. Perkins, Noel B. Potter, William Pulverman, Osgood Ramsdell, Abel A. Shorey, James T. Small, Charles H. Smith, Napoleon B. Stockbridge, Fernando C. Tarr, Ethan S. Tillson, Edgar W. Wash- burn, Stephen H. West. Grand Representatives in order of service: Francis R. Perkins, Nicholas R. Lougee, Joseph J. Davis, Charles H. Perkins, Charles Donovan, William F. (Jarcelon, Ethan S. Tillson, Charles H. Smith, Fernando C. Tarr, Emery Bailey, Hiram F. Dolbier, Nathan H. Cobb, Horace C. Beal, James T. Small, George W. Cappers, Stephen H. West, Napoleon B. Stockbridge, Edgar W. Washburn, A. Lincoln French, Noel B. Potter. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Lewis E. Heckler; C. C, William F. Coombs; V. C, Wallace W. Buck; P., Lynn W. Buck; K. of R. and S., Noel B. Potter; M. of F., Hiram F. Dolbier; M. of E., Henry T. Haskell, M. at A., Daniel C. Lown; I. G., Lewis E. Davis; O. G., Adelbert Tarbox. Enterprise, No. 22, of Auburn ; instituted December 11, 1879, in Pythian Hall, in Union Block, on Lisbon street, Lewiston, by Grand Chancellor Charles M. Moses, of Biddeford, assisted by Past Grand Chancellors Richmond H. Ingersoll, of Biddeford, and Benjamin T. Chase, then of Bridgton. It was a new enterprise to start a Knights of Pythias lodge in Auburn, a city full of business enterprise, and when instituted Enterprise was adopted as the most appropriate name. The lodge met in Pythian Hall, Lewiston, until March 3, 1880, when they held their first meeting in Odd Fellows Hall, in Goff Block, in Auburn, which hall the}' had hired for one night a week; this was their Pythian home until the latter part of 1880, when the entire third floor of Y. M. C. A. Block, on Court street, was leased for a term of years, and having been nicely fitted and furnished, the lodge held its first meeting in its new hall on December 8, 1880, where it has continued to meet on Wednesday evening of each week. Charter Members: Benjamin K. Barrows, William W. Beal, Granville Blake, Joseph W. Bryant, William H. Curtis, James C. Drew, Alberto H. Gee, Nathan W. Harris, Roscoe M. Jordan, James H. Knight, Alvah Leighton, Andrew M. Peables, Royal H. Pettengill, Frederick H. L. Sleeper, Seth C. Yeaton. First Officers: Sitting P. C, Seth C. Yeaton; C. C, Nathan W. Harris; V. C, James C. Drew; P., Roscoe M. Jordan; K. of R. and S., William H. Curtis; M. of F., Alvah Leighton; M. of E., Granville Blake; M. at A., Joseph W. Bryant; I. G., William W. Beal; O. G., James H. Knight. 876 History of Androscoggin County. Officer of the Gi-and Lodge. — From the Past Chancellors of Enterprise Lodge has been elected one officer of the Grand Lodge, viz., Granville Blake, who was elected Grand Vice Chancellor at the session of 1887. Permanent Member of the Grand Lodge and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) Enterprise Lodge has one permanent member of the Grand Lodge, viz., Past Grand Vice Chancellor Granville Blake; and has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: R. Frank Bickford, Lionel O. Brackett, Joseph VV. Bryant, West M. Dunn, Arthur W. Emerson, William W. (toss, Daniel Guthrie, Nathan W. Harris, Albion C. Hayford, George G. Heath, James H. Knight, Wallace Mitchell, Fred C. Mower, Frank O. Norris, Alton O'Brion, Charles B. Payson, Andrew M. Peables, Royal H. Pettengill, George B. Smith, Rotheus W. Taylor, Clark M. Verrill, Horace A. Verrill, Herbert E. Willis, William E. Yeaton, Julius E. Young. Grand Representatives, in order of service: Roscoe M. Jordan, Andrew M. Peables, James C. Drew, Seth C. Yeaton, Granville Blake, R. Frank Bickford, Horace A. Verrill, Rotheus "W. Taylor, George G. Heath, Wallace Mitchell, George B. Smith, Julius E. Young, Alton O'Brion, Clark M. Verrill. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, William W. Goss; C. C, Lemuel E. Bente; V. C, Charles L. McKenney; P., Paine Haskell; K. of R. and S., Cyrus M. Dunn; M. of F., Everett G. Locke; M. of E., Eugene H. Hodgkin; M. at A., Frank E. Donnell; I. G., George H. Maxwell; 0. G., Lincoln A. Lewis. Mount David, No. 23, of Lewiston; instituted February 10, 1880, in Pythian Hall, in Union Block, on Lisbon street, by Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T.Chase, then of Bridgton, as acting Grand Chancellor. This lodge was named for that elevation in the city of Lewiston known as "Uncle David's Mountain." The lodge continued to meet in Pythian Hall, in LTnion Block, until February 1, 1882, when they moved into the new Pj^thian Hall in College Block. Mount David Lodge held its first meeting in this new hall on February 2, 1882, where it still meets on Thursday evening of each week. Charter Members: John W. Bibber, William C. Brooks, Frank T. Farrin, Isaac S. Faunce, Harvey S. Garcelon, Josiah F. Getchell, William G. Haskell, Preston S. Laughton, Isaiah Merrill, Israel B. Merrill, John Sabin, Burleigh C. Sprague, Charles W. Tliomas, Edward Webb, Francis P. Weymouth, ITred H. White, James W. Wilson, George C. Young. First Officers: Sitting P. C, John W. Bibber; C. C, Preston S. Laughton; V. C, John Sabin; P., Harvey S. Garcelon; K. of R. and S., Charles W. Thomas; M. of F., George C. Young; M. of E.. James W. Wilson; M. at A., Isaac S. Faunce; I. G., Edward Webb; O. G., Isaiah Merrill. Officers of the Grand Lodge. — From the Past Chancellors of Mount David Lodge have been elected the following officers of the Grand Lodge: Jolin Sabin, elected Grand Prelate at the session of 1881; Preston S. Laughton, elected Grand Prelate at the session of 1882, and who died at Lewiston, September 23, 1890. Permanent Member of the Grand Lodge and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) Mount David Lodge has one permanent member of the Grand Lodge, viz.. Past Grand Prelate John Sabin; and has on its rolls the following Past Chan- cellors: Edward I. Brackett, Albert W. Chase, Harry A. Coffin, Frank E. Crane, Albion K. P. Harvey, D. Horace Holman, William H. Holman, Robie C. Haskell, Charles A. Hildreth, Isaac B. Isaacson, Samuel P. Irving, Charles D. Lemont, Henry Sabine, Fred E. Smith, David S. Waite, Edward Webb. Grand Representatives in order of service: Burleigh C. Sprague, John W. Bibber, Preston S. Laughton, Harvey S. Garcelon, Edward Webb, D. Horace Holman, Henry Sabine, Charles D. Lemont, Edward I. Brackett, Fred A. Hall, Samuel P. Irving, Fred E. Smith. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Albion K. P. Harvey; C. C, Elmer C. Teague; V. C, Howard A. Teague; P., Edward E. Grant; K. of R. and S., Fred E. Smith; M. of F., George H. Little; M. of E., Fred A. Hall; M. at A., George M. Kavanaugh; 1. G., Albert E. Foss; O. G., Coney W. Morse. Columbia, No. 26, of Lisbon Falls, instituted February 18, 1881, in Maine Central Hall, by Grand Chancellor William F. Garcelon, of Lewiston, assisted by Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T, Chase, then of Bridgton. Named Columbia, in honor of the discoverer of America. Charter Members: Ausbon Booker, Charles M. Bowie, Hilliard D. Bowie, David Dearnley, Stewart D. Douglass, Stephen A. Estes, Harris Ginsburg, Irving T. Ham, Vincent A. Hogan, Abraham H. Hoyle, James Hoyle, Fred C. Johnson, Sumner F. Littlefield, Stephen C. Metcalf, Charles H. Reid, John C. Scates, Fred A. Small, Harvey J. Smith, Lorenzo E. Wade, George F. Webber. First Officers: Appendix. 877 Sitting P. C, Abraham H. Hoyle; C. C, George F.Webber; V. C, Ausbon Booker; P., James Hoyle; K. of R. and S., John C. Scates; M. of F., Lorenzo E. Wade; M. of E., Charles M. Bowie; M. at A.» Charles H. Reid; I. G., Fred A. Small; O. G., Stewart D. Douglass. Officers of the Grand Lodge.— From the Past Chancellors of Columbia Lodge have been elected the following officers of the Grand Lodge: George N. Pratt, who was elected Grand Outer Guard at the session of 1890; Charles F. Hackett, who was elected Grand Outer Guard at the session of 1891. Past Chancellors. —At this date (July 1, 1891,) Columbia Lodge has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Ausbon Booker, David Dearnley, Isaac H. Douglass, Stephen A. Estes, Boothroyd Fearnley, Henry Frow, Elmer E. Gordon, Charles F. Hackett, Vincent A. Hogan, James J. lUingsworth, Thomas Illingsworth, Fred C. Johnson, Sumner F. Littlefield, George H. Mclntoch, George N. Pratt, Charles H. Reid, Charles Schofleld, John Taylor, Sumner C. Winslow. Grand Representatives in order of service: Abraham H. Hoyle, Fred C. Johnson, William A. Lewis, Sumner F. Littlefleld, Charles H. Reid, Charles Schofleld, Charles F. Hackett, James J. Illingsworth, Ausbon Booker, David Dearnley, Sumner C. Winslow. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, George H. Mclntoch; C. C, Irving L. Mclntoch; V. C, Harris Ginsburg; P., Walter Corliss; K. of R. and S., Boothroyd Fearnley, M. of F., Henry Frow; M. of E., David Dearnley; M. at A., Elmer E. White; I. G., William D. Hall; O. G., Howard N. Chase. Eureka, No. 48, of Auburn; instituted February 26, 1884, in Pythian Hall, in Y. M. C. A. Block, on Court street, by Grand Keeper of Records and Seal Joseph F. Chute, of Portland, as Acting Grand Chancellor, assisted by members of Industry, No. 2, of Lewiston, Enterprise, No. 22, of Auburn, and Mount David, No. 23, of Lewiston. History informs us that when the ancient and celebrated mathematician, Archimedes, discovered the principle of specific gravity that he ran home, exclaiming, "Eureka! Eureka!" "I have found it. I have found it." This lodge takes its name from that Archimedean exclama- tion. The lodge has continued, up to the present time, to meet in Pythian Hall, in Y. M. C. A. Block, on Friday evening of each week. Charter Members: Walter H. Brown, George W. Chase, George H. Cobb, Alonzo Conant, Fred L. Conant, Henry F. Conant, Frank W. Davis, Samuel H. Dill, E. Willis Foss, Anson Oilman, Charles A. Oilman, Edwin F. Goss, Clifford Hutchinson, Charles A. Jordan, Charles M. Lander, Addison A. Miller, Frank E. Millett, Nathaniel M. Neal, James W. Peables, Charles S. Yeaton. First Officers: Sitting P. C, Frank W. Davis; C. C, Anson Oilman; V. C, Nathaniel M. Neal; P., Charles M. Lander; K. of R. and S., Charles A. Jordan; M. of F., Charles S. Yeaton; M. of E., Addison A. Miller; M. at A., George H. Cobb; I. G., Clifford Hutchinson; O. (i., Frank E. Millett. Officer of the Grand Lodge. — From the Past Chancellors of Eureka Lodge has been elected one officer of the Grand Lodge, viz., George H. Cobb, who was elected Grand Prelate at the session of 1889. Permanent Member of the Grand Lodge and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) Eureka Lodge has one permanent member of the Grand Lodge, viz., Past Grand Prelate George H. Cobb; and has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: E. Fred Bisbee, John C. Blake, D. Clinton Childs, Frank W. Davis, Samuel H. Dill, Albion C. Foss, Henry C. French, Anson Oilman, Frank Hartwell, Ansel W. Hutchins, Frank E. Millett, Nathaniel M. Neal, James W. Peables, Alvin Phillips, Edgar J. Riker. Aretus A. Rowell, Albert R. Savage. Grand Representatives in order of service: James W. Peables, Albert R. Savage, Anson Oilman, Alvin Phillips, George H. Cobb, Edgar J. Riker, Henry C. French, John C. Blake. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Aretus A. Rowell; C. C. Horace C. Whitman; V. C, Eugene M. Mayberry; P., George B. Hodgdon; K. of R. and S., Frank E. Millett; M. of F., Fred A. Whiting; M. of E., Warren E. Riker; M. at A., Carrol E. Bailey; I. G., Active H. Corliss; O. G., Owen H. Winslow. Saint Elmo, No. 55, of Mechanic Falls; instituted December 18, 1885, in Bucknam's Hall, by Past Grand Chancellor Montgomery S. Gibson, of Port- land, as acting Grand Chancellor, assisted by Grand Vice Chancellor Enoch C. Farrington, of Fryeburg, and by members of Industry, No. 2, of Lewiston, Enterprise, No. 22, of Auburn, Mount David, No. 23, of Lewiston, and Eureka, No. 48, of Auburn. This lodge takes its name from that famous fortress and History of Androscoggin County. castle of Saint Elmo, which once protected and now looks down upon the beautiful city and bay of Naples. Charter Members: Edwin H. Damon, Charles H. Dvvinal, Ronello C. Dwinal, Elmer A. Faunce, H. Greeley Gerrish, Herbert A. Gerry, Albert H. S. Hall, Elijah C. Heath, Frank B. Jordan, Clarence E. Lemos, B. Frank Lunt, Randall F. Mayberry, Elmer E. Morton, Corra J. Packard, Jason B. Perry, H. Eugene Pettie, Frank O. Purington, Henry S.Rich, Edwin A. Storer, William H. Storer, Lafayette Tenney, George B. Verrill. First Officers: Sitting P. C, B. Frank Lunt; C. C, Frank B. Jordan; V. C, Jason B. Perry; P., Elijah C. Heath; K. of R. and S., H. Eugene Pettie; M. of F., Randall F. Mayberry; M. of E., Frank O. Purington; M. at A., Henry S. Rich; I. G., Elmer A. Faunce; O. G., Corra J. Packard. Past Cfiancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) Saint Elmo Lodge lias on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Andrew W. Bridge, Oliver C. Bridge, Wallace W. Dennen, Charles H. Dwinal, William R. Farris, Frank B. Jordan, B. Frank Lunt, William H. Lunt, Randall F. Mayberry, Fred H. McDonald, W. Irving Merrill, Dinion B. Perry, Jason B. Perry, H. Eugene Pettie, Frank O. Purington, Henry S. Rich, Albert E. Robinson. Grand Representatives in order of service: B. Frank Lunt, Frank B. Jordan, Jason B. Perry, Henry S. Rich, Albert E. Robin- son, Andrew W. Bridge, Oliver C. Bridge. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Fred H. McDonald; C. C, Maurice C. B. Prince; V. O., Frank R. Harmon; P., Liuwood L. Merrill; K. of R. and S., Ernest F. Smith; M. of F., Frank L. Davis; M. of E., Charles N. Burns; M. at A., George A. Goodwin; I. G., Harry A. Edgecomb; O. G., George N. Stowe. Port Royal, No. 62, of Livermore Falls; instituted April 5, 1888, in Grand Army Hall, at Livermore Falls, by Grand Chancellor George W. Hesel- ton, of Gardiner. Named Port Royal in honor of the original name of the township of Livermore. This lodge meets every Thursday evening. Charter Members: David F. Blunt, Alonzo M. Bumpas, Edwin Edgecomb, Frank M. Hacker, Frank J. Lindsey, Seriah S. Locklin, Clinton Newman, John N. Parker, Samuel E. Perkins, Charles E. Putnam, Houghton H. Putnam, Fred E. Richards, Albert H. Stertivent, Gilbert A. Thomp- son, (ieorge F. Wood. First Officers: Sitting P. C, Samuel E. Perkins; C. C, Alonzo M. Bumpas; V. C, Fred E. Richards; P., Edwin Edgecomb; K. of R. and S., Seriah S. Locklin; M. of F., David F. Blunt; M. of E., Clinton Newman; M. at A., Charles E. Putnam; I. G., Frank M. Hacker; O. G., John N. Parker. Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 18!)1,) Port Royal Lodge has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Alonzo M. Bumpas, Edwin Edgecomb, Clinton Newman, Samuel E. Perkins, Houghton H. Putnam, Fred E. Richards, Albert H. Timberlake. Grand Representatives in order of service: Samuel E. Perkins, Houghton H. Putnam, Alonzo M. Bumpas, Clinton Newman, Edwin Edgecomb. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Fred E. Richards; C. C, Charles E. Putnam; V. C, Jesse H. Soule; P., Charles K. Campbell; K. of R. and S., Rosalvin J. Mitchell; M. of F., Frank L. Jewell; M. of E., George F. Wood; M. at A., Frank M. Campbell; I. G., John L. Cummings; O. G., Charles E. Lawler. Major Leavitt, No. 74, of North Turner; instituted March 13, 1891, in Keene's Hall, by Grand Chancellor Luther B. Roberts, of Portland, assisted by Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T. Chase, and Past Grand Prelate Emery Bailey, of Auburn. Named Major Leavitt, in honor of Major Archibald D. Leavitt, of the 16th Maine Inft., who was mortally wounded at Laurel hill, Va, May 24, 1864, and died in Douglass Hospital, Washington, D. C, May 30, 1864. Major Leavitt was born in Turner, July 15, 1840, and while a student in Waterville College, with two of his classmates, raised a company of which he was elected captain. August 14, 1862, he was mustered in as captain of Co. E; 16th Maine, and January, 1863, was promoted to major of the regiment. " He died as he had lived, a pure patriot and a true Christian, leaving as his last message, 'Tell my friends I have always tried to do my duty.'" Charter Members: Edgar E. Adkins, John M. Adkins, Elton D. Bailey, Walter B. Beals, Harry W. Brown, Robert S. Brown, Charles A. Dresser, Francis T. Faulkner, Frank S. French, Appendix. 879 Charles L. Grant, Arthur S. Green, Ernest W. Harris, Sumner A. Holmes, Richard G. House, Crawford H. Humphrey, Amos N. Leavitt, Archibald D. Leavitt, Rackley D. Leavitt, Fernando Mason, Frank A. Merrill, Henry Morriss, Charles S. Parcher, Edward E. Parker, Rodman J. Pearson, George Phil- brick, Elisha Pratt, J. Frank Quimby, Albion L. Robinson, Ezekiel V. Stevens, George S. Stevens, Charles B. Sylvester, P^dward B. Tinkham, Thomas A. Tunney. First Officers: Sitting P. C, Ezekiel V. Stevens; C. C, Elisha Pratt; V. C, Henry Morriss; P., Rackley D. Leavitt; K. of R. and S., Archibald D. Leavitt; M. of F., Ernest W. Harris; M. of P:., Walter B. Beals; M. at A., J. Frank Quimby; I. G., Charles L. Grant; O. G., Crawford H. Humphrey. Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) Major Leavitt Lodge has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Francis T. Faulkner, Elisha Pratt, Ezekiel V. Stevens. Grand Represent alwes in order of service: Ezekiel V. Stevens, Francis T. Faulkner. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Elisha Pratt; C. C, Henry Morris; V. C, Rackley D. Leavitt; P., J. Frank Quimby; K. of R. and S., Archibald D. Leavitt; M. of F., Ernest W. Harris; M. of E., Walter B. Beals; M. at A., Edward E. Parker; I. G., Charles L. Grant; O. G., Crawford H. Humphrey. New Auburn, No. 75, of Auburn, instituted May 11, 1891, in Pythian Hall, in Y. M. C. A. Block, Court street, by Grand Chancellor Luther B. Roberts, of Portland, assisted by Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T. Chase and Past Grand Prelate Emery Bailey, of Auburn, and by the officers and members of Industiy, No. 2, of Levviston, Enterprise, No. 22, of Auburn, Mount David, No. 23, of Lewiston, and Eureka, No. 48, of Auburn. With two exceptions, all the charter members were residents in that part of the city now known as New Auburn, and as the lodge was to be located there it was named New Auburn, to indicate its location. May 16, 1891, the lodge leased the hall in the block corner of Third and Pulsifer streets for a term of years from June 1, 1891, and while it was being changed and im[)roved cf)ntinued to hold its meetings in Pytliian Hall on Court street until June 11, 1891, on which evening it held its first meeting in its new hall. The lodge now meets every Monday evening in its new hall. Charter Members: Burt L. Alden, William Ashton, Benjamin F. Beals, Charles C. Blanchard, John H. Booth, Albion L. Brackett, Charles P. Brown, Manning J. Burkett, Benjamin T. Chase, Russell Daggett, Wirt V. Daggett, George P. Day, Horace C. Day, Albert Duckworth, Fred C. Gray, Isaac N. Haskell, William A. Hilton, Willard E.Jackson, Lucellus D.Leadbetter, Simeon B. Leonard, Theophilus Libby, William Lothrop, Lester E. Mace, Thomas Marsden, Elmer McFarland, Elroy L. Moody, Albert M. Penley, Burton L. Pitman, George W. Proctor, Nathaniel C. Small, John Small, Charles Smith, Harvey J. Smith, Lewis P. Snow, Charles J. Taylor. (Of these charter members, Harvey J. Smith was a charter member of Columbia Lodge, No. 26, of Lisbon Falls, from which lodge he withdrew May 8, 1801.) First Officers: Sitting P. C, Horace C. Day; C. C, Harvey J. Smith; V. C, William Lothrop; P., Thomas Marsden; K. of R. and S., Burton L. Pitman; M. of F., Burt L. Alden; M. of E., Simeon B. Leonard; M. at A., William A. Hilton; I. G., Albert Duckworth; O. G., Elroy L. Moody. Officer of the Grand Lodge. — Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T. Chase was a charter member of Highland Lodge, No. 10, of Bridgton, which was instituted February 17, 1874, and was its first O. C; was admitted to the Grand Lodge February 4, 1875; was elected Grand Master at Arms at the session of 1876; elected Grand Chancellor at the session of 1877; re-elected Grand Chancellor at the session of 1878; withdrew from Highland Lodge May 8, 1891; became a charter member of New Auburn Lodge, No. 75, at its institution. May 11, 1891; elected Supreme Representative at the session of the Grand liodge held May 20, 1891, for the term commencing January 1, 1892, and ending December .31, 1895. Permanent Member of the Grand Lodge and Past Chancellors. — At this date (July 1, 1891,) New Auburn Lodge has one permanent member of the Grand Lodge, viz.. Past Grand Chancellor Benjamin T. Chase; and has on its rolls the following Past Chancellors: Horace C. Day, Albert M. Penley, Harvey J. Smith. Grand Representatives in order of service: Albert M. Penley, Horace C. Day. Present Officers: Sitting P. C, Harvey J. Smith; C. C, William Lothrop; V. C, Thomas Marsden; P., William A. Hilton; K. of R. and S., Benjamin T. Chase; M. of F., Burt L. Alden; M. of E., Sinieon B. Leonard; M. at A., Fred C, Gray; I. G., Elroy L. Moody; O. G., Burton L. Pitman. 559,