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GREGG'S CAVALRY FIGHT AT GETTYSBURG. 
 
 HISTORICAL ADDRESS ^^ 
 
 Delivered October 15th, 1884, 
 
 UPON THE OCCASION OF THE 
 
 Dedication of the Monumental Shaft 
 
 ERECTED UPON THE SITE OF 
 
 THE CAVALRY ENGAGEMENT 
 
 On the Right Flank of the Army of the Potomac, 
 July 3d, 1863, during the 
 
 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM BROOKE-RAWLE, 
 
 Secretary of The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, formerly Captain Third 
 Pennsylvania Cavalry, and Brevet Lieutenant- Colonel U. S. V. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA. 
 18S4. 
 
 Jf 
 

 ^2 3 
 
WE hav^e gathered together, my comrades, to com- 
 memorate the good work done here twenty-one years 
 and more ago. What that work was is briefly told by 
 this monumental shaft of enduring granite which we are 
 now dedicating to the truth of history. Its inscription tells 
 us that 
 
 THIS SHAFT 
 
 MARKS THE FIELD OF THE ENGAGEMENT 
 
 BETWEEN THE 
 
 UNION CAVALRY 
 
 COMMANDED BY BRIG. -GEN. D. McM. GREGG 
 
 AND THE 
 
 CONFEDERATE CAVALRY 
 
 COMMANDED BY MAJ.-GEN. J. E. B. STUART 
 
 JULY 3D, 1863. 
 
 What memories do these simple words recall ! As we 
 stand here, looking upon this beautiful landscape, sur- 
 rounded by these well-remembered hills, and fields, and 
 woods, the recollections of that bright summer day crowd 
 thick and fast upon us. Let us go back together in our 
 thoughts to the eventful time when first we met on this 
 historic field, and sanctified it with the blood then shed, 
 the trials endured, and sacrifices made in defence of the 
 Nation's Cause. 
 
 I have told the stoiy of the fight before.* Here, upon 
 the ground where it occurred, I venture to tell it once 
 
 * The account here given is substantially the same as that published for the first 
 time in The Philadelphia Weekly Times of September 14th, 1878, in the series of 
 " Chapters of Unwritten History in the .\nnals of the War," under the title of "The 
 Right Flank at Gettysburg," but revised with the aid of additional information and 
 official records. 
 
 (3) 
 
4 
 
 again. It is a simple and an unvarnished tale, with no 
 words of eulogy of men, or of exultation over the defeat 
 of a gallant foe. 
 
 The objects had in view by the Confederate authorities 
 when, after the battle of Chancellorsville, the invasion of 
 the North was projected, in the spring of the year 1863, are 
 well known. To transfer the seat of war, permanently if pos- 
 sible, or at any rate temporarily, to the country north of the 
 Potomac, thus giving to those who remained at home a 
 chance of securing the harvest from the fields of Virginia, 
 and at the same time making probable the recognition of 
 the Confederate cause by the hesitating powers of Europe, 
 was a bold game to play. No time was lost in setting 
 about it. In the early days of June, the Army of North- 
 ern Virginia began to show signs of activity. The cavalry 
 of the Army of the Potomac had returned worn out and 
 jaded from Stoneman's raid, but after a short rest was again 
 put in motion, and was kept actively engaged in watching 
 the movements of the Confederate army. On the 9th of 
 June the cavalry battle of Brandy Station was fought, and 
 the intended invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania was 
 discovered through Confederate dispatches captured upon 
 that occasion. Reconnoissances-in-force and scouting in 
 all directions daily followed that brilliant passage-at-arms. 
 The equally well-fought cavalry battles of Aldie, Middleburg 
 and Upperville ensued. Hard work and starvation told heav- 
 ily upon both men and horses, and when Buford's and 
 Gregg's Divisions, covering the rear of the army, crossed 
 the Potomac at Edwards' Ferry during the afternoon of the 
 27th of June, their physical condition was far short of what 
 could have been desired. After crossing the river Gregg's 
 Division, consistiner of the brigades of Colonel Mcintosh 
 
5 
 
 (First), General Kilpatrick (Second), and Colonel Irvin 
 Gregg (Third), started on the march about dusk, and, keep- 
 ing it up steadily all night long, reached Frederick, Md., 
 early on the morning of the 28th. 
 
 During a short halt at that place, General Kilpatrick was 
 ordered to take command of Stahel's Division of Ca\'alry, 
 which, as the Third Division, was assigned to duty with 
 the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac, and Gen- 
 erals Farnsworth and Custer were appointed to command 
 the two brigades of which it was composed. 
 
 In the movements of the Army of the Potomac after 
 crossing into Maryland, the Cavalry Corps, with its three 
 divisions, operated in its front and on its flanks. General 
 Buford with the First Division took the left flank. General 
 Kilpatrick with the Third Division the centre, and General 
 Gregg with the Second Division the right flank. On June 
 30th, Kilpatrick, having taken the direct and shorter road 
 from Frederick, struck the cavalry of the Army of Northern 
 Virginia at Hanover, and intercepted its line of march to 
 join Lee's army. Being thus headed off it was compelled 
 to move over to the right, with Kilpatrick in close pur- 
 suit. 
 
 In the concentration upon Gettysburg, Gregg, with the 
 First and Third Brigades of his division, left Hanover at day- 
 break on the 2d of July, and about noon, after a tedious 
 and exhausting march, took position on the Hanover (or 
 Bonaughtown) Road near its intersection with the Low 
 Dutch Road, about three and a half miles east of the 
 town — IMcIntosh's Brigade on the right and Irvin Gregg's 
 on the left. 
 
 These two brigades were constituted as follows : — 
 
 The First Brigade, commanded by Colonel John B. Mc- 
 intosh of the Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, consisted of his 
 
own regiment under Lieutenant-Colonel Edward S. Jones, 
 the First New Jersey Cavalry under Major Myron H. 
 Beaumont, and the First Maryland Cavalry under Lieu- 
 tenant-Colonel James M. Deems, with Captain A. M. Ran- 
 dol's Light Battery E— G, First United States Artil- 
 lery, of four three-inch rifled guns. It was temporarily 
 deprived of much of its strength by the loss of the First 
 Pennsylvania and First Massachusetts Cavalry regiments 
 which had been detached for special service with the Re- 
 serve Artillery and the Sixth Corps respectively. A sec- 
 tion of a light battery (H) belonging to the Third Penn- 
 sylvania Artillery, under command of Captain William D. 
 Rank, and the Purnell Troop of Maryland Cavalry, under 
 Captain Robert E. Duvall, were also serving temporarily with 
 the First Brigade, having, on the evening of June 28th, 
 while proceeding from Frederick to Baltimore, been cut off 
 by the Confederate cavalry, and, narrowly escaping capture, 
 having fallen in with the brigade. The Third Brigade, com- 
 manded by Colonel J. Irvin Gregg of the Sixteenth Penn- 
 sylvania Cavalry, consisted of his own regiment under 
 Lieutenant- Colonel John K. Robison, the Fourth Pennsyl- 
 vania Cavalry under Lieutenant-Colonel William E. Doster, 
 the First Maine Cavalry under Lieutenant-Colonel Charles 
 H. Smith, and the Tenth New York Cavalry under Major 
 M. Henry Avery. The Second Brigade of the division 
 under Colonel Huey had, on July ist, been sent back from 
 Hanover Junction for the purpose of guarding the rear of 
 the army, and protecting the trains which were to assemble 
 at Westminster. 
 
 After crossing the Potomac the column had marched 
 steadily day and night, and, having been for many days with- 
 out food or forage, the two brigades arrived with wearied 
 men and jaded horses upon the field of Gettysburg. The 
 
7 
 
 lono- march had been a terrible one. The intense heat 
 had at times been almost unendurable, the dust almost im- 
 penetrable. Horses by the score had fallen from exhaustion 
 along the road. Officers and men, begrimed past recogni- 
 tion, could have been seen tramping along on foot, leading 
 their worn-out horses to save their strength, well knowing 
 how much depended upon it. Those whose horses had 
 fallen dead or dying had struggled along, some carrying 
 their saddles and bridles, in hopes of being able to procure 
 fresh mounts, others with nothing but their arms. All had 
 been straining their energies in the one direction where 
 they knew the enemy was to be found. 
 
 As has been stated, Gregg's column closed up near the 
 intersection of the Hanover and Low Dutch Roads about 
 noon of July 2d. Two regiments of infantry belonging 
 to the Eleventh Corps were found in the advance, de- 
 ployed as skirmishers along Brinkerhoff's Ridge, which 
 crosses the Hanover Road nearly at right angles, about two 
 miles or more east of Gettysburg. In their front, there 
 was a considerable force of Confederate infantry. About 
 three o'clock the Union infantry line was relieved by the 
 Tenth New York Cavalry regiment of Irvin Gregg's Brigade, 
 and Rank's two guns were unlimbered and loaded in the 
 middle of the Hanover Road on a hill near the Reever* 
 house. The officers and men of the command sought what 
 rest and shelter from the scorching heat they could, while 
 from the hills they watched the conflict between the infantry 
 and artillery of the opposing armies. Some of the men 
 groomed their horses to freshen them up; some allowed 
 
 * There has been some confusion regarding the appellation of the Reever and Howard 
 liouses respectively. In the former account the house at the junction of the Hanover and 
 Low Dutch Roads was called the Reever house, and the next house west of it, on the north- 
 erly side of the Hanover Road, the Howard house. One of them, at least, so appeared on 
 the maps of Adams county. The official map of the field recently prepared transposes these 
 names, and, to avoid confusion, the altered designation has been adopted in the te.\t. 
 
theirs to nibble the rich clover, whilst others, thoroughly 
 Avorn out, tried to obtain a little sleep. 
 
 During the afternoon there was some skirmish firing 
 between the opposing lines, and about six o'clock Colonel 
 Irvin Gregg ordered fifty men of the Tenth New York 
 Cavalry to advance dismounted and clear the front. A regi- 
 ment of Confederate infantry was at once sent out to meet 
 them, and drove back the small party of cavalrymen. Sud- 
 denly a part}' of the enemy appeared on the top of Brink- 
 erhoff's Ridge where it crosses the Hanover Road. In a 
 second Rank's men were at their guns, and put two shells 
 into the midst of the party, causing the Confederates to 
 fall back instantly under cover of the ridge. " To horse !" 
 sounded at once, and the Third Penns}'lvania, advancing at 
 a trot along the road toward Gett}-sburg, formed close col- 
 umn of squadrons in an orchard back of the Cress house. 
 The first two squadrons were quickly dismounted to fight 
 on foot, advanced at a run, and in a few minutes were 
 deployed at close inter\'als as skirmishers on the summit 
 of the eastern spur of Brinkerhoff's Ridge north of the 
 road. The Purnell Troop and two battalions of the First 
 New Jersey, under Major Janeway and Captain Bo}'d, 
 followed, and deployed dismounted on the left of the road 
 on the prolongation of the same line, with the third bat- 
 talion under Major Beaumont in reserve. A strong, well- 
 built stone wall ran along the top of the ridge on the right 
 of the road, with a field of tall wheat just ripe for cutting 
 on the other side of the wall. This wall was the key of 
 the position, as each of the contending parties at once per- 
 ceived, and by the time our men reached it a line of Con- 
 federate infantry was seen making for it at full speed. The 
 fire of Rank's guns had delayed the enemy's advance for 
 a sufficient length of time to enable us to get there first, 
 
and give a withering reception with our breech-loading 
 carbines to the infantrymen, who were not more than 
 twenty feet off from the wall when we reached it. 
 
 After vainh- attempting to drive our men back, the 
 enemy retired to a more sheltered position, along the edge 
 of a piece of woods some two hundred yards distant, where 
 he remained until after dark, the opposing forces and Rank's 
 two guns meanwhile keeping up a brisk firing. Later in the 
 evening the Confederates, taking advantage of the darkness, 
 turned our right unobserved, and dislodged a portion of our 
 line, which, however, was re-established after some trouble. 
 Our adversaries proved to be the Second Virginia Infantry, 
 of General Walker's celebrated " Stonewall Brigade," which 
 latter was supporting it, close at hand, acting as a flanking 
 party of Johnson's Division of Ewell's Corps, in its ad- 
 vance to the attack of Culp's Hill. The threatening posi- 
 tion occupied by the cavalrymen, and their vigorous fight, 
 compelled the Confederate brigade to remain on the ground 
 until too late to participate in the assault of Culp's Hill* 
 which came so near proving successful, and which, had it 
 succeeded, would have rendered the heights south of 
 Gettysburg untenable. 
 
 About ten o'clock in the evening the line was with- 
 drawn, and the two brigades moved over to the Baltimore 
 Turnpike, where it crosses White Run, near the position 
 of the Reserve Artillery^, and there went into bivouac, in 
 accordance with orders from Cavalr>^ Corps headquarters, 
 to be available for whatever duty they might be called 
 upon to perform on the morrow. 
 
 On the morning of July 3d, General Gregg was directed 
 to resume his position on the right of the infantry line, 
 
 ♦General Johnson's Report, Confederate Reports of Gettysburg Campaign, page 202. 
 
lO 
 
 and make a demonstration against the enemy. Upon reach- 
 ing the ground occupied by him on the previous day on 
 the Hanover Road, he found it in possession of the Sec- 
 ond Brigade of the Third Cavahy Division. 
 
 This brigade, known as the "Michigan Brigade," of which 
 Brigadier-General George A. Custer had taken command on 
 June 29th, was composed of the First, Fifth, Sixth, and Sev- 
 enth Michigan Cavahy regiments, commanded by Colonels 
 Charles H. Town, Russell A. Alger, George Gray, and 
 William D. Mann, respectively, and Light Battery M, 
 Second United States Artillery, under Lieutenant A. C. M. 
 Pennington, with six three-inch rifled guns. On June 28th, 
 the brigade had been assigned to duty with the Army of 
 the Potomac ; on the 30th it had been actively engaged 
 with the Confederate cavalry at Hanover, and again at 
 Hunterstown on July 2d. It was a splendid body ot 
 men ; its ranks were better filled than those of the other 
 cavalry brigades, and the greater part of it was fresh from 
 pastures green. 
 
 General Custer, after his fight with the Confederate cav- 
 alry at Hunterstown, had spent the night of July 2d in 
 bivouac with the rest of the Third Division at Two Tav- 
 erns, a small village on the Baltimore Turnpike, about five 
 miles south-east of Gettysburg. His earlier movements of 
 the following day are best described in his own words : — 
 
 " At an early hour on the morning of the 3d," he states 
 in his official report, " I received an order, through a staff 
 officer of the brigadier-general commanding the division, 
 to move my command at once and follow the First Bri- 
 gade on the road leading from Two Taverns to Gettys- 
 burg. Agreeably to the above instructions, my column 
 was formed and moved out on the road designated, when 
 a staff officer of Brigadier-General Gregg, commanding 
 
II 
 
 Second Division, ordered me to take my command and 
 place it in position on the pike leading from York'^ to 
 Gettysburg, which position formed the extreme right of 
 our battle on that day. Upon arriving at the point desig- 
 nated, I immediately placed my command in position, 
 facing toward Gettysburg. At the same time I caused 
 reconnoissances to be made on my front, right and rear, 
 but failed to discover any considerable force of the en- 
 emy. Everything remained quiet till lO A. M., when the 
 enemy appeared on my right flank and opened upon me 
 with a battery of six guns. Leaving two guns and a regi- 
 ment to hold my first position and cover the road lead- 
 ing to Gettysburg, I shifted the remaining portion of my 
 command, forming a new line of battle at right angles to 
 my former line. The eneni}' had obtained correct range 
 of my new position, and were pouring solid shot and 
 shell into my command with great accuracy. Placing two 
 sections of Battery M, Second (regular) Artillery, in posi- 
 tion, I ordered them to silence the enemy's battery, which 
 order, notwithstanding the superiority of the enemy's posi- 
 tion, was successfully accomplished in a very short space 
 of time. My line, as it then existed, was shaped like the 
 letter L, the shorter branch formed of one section of 
 Battery M, supported by four squadrons of the Sixth 
 Michigan Cavalry, faced toward Gettysburg, covering the 
 Gettysburg Pike ; the long branch composed of the remain- 
 ing two sections of Battery M, Second Artillery, sup- 
 ported by a portion of the Sixth Michigan Cavalry on 
 the left, and the First Michigan Cavalry on the right, 
 with the Seventh Michigan Cavalry still further to the 
 right and in advance, was held in readiness to repel any 
 
 * General Custer erroneously calls the Hanover Road the York Turnpike, and the 
 Low Dutch Road the Oxford Road. 
 
12 
 
 attack the enemy micrht make coming on the Oxford Road. 
 The Fifth Michigan Cavalry was dismounted and ordered 
 to take position in front of my centre and left. The First 
 Michigan Cavahy was held in column of squadrons to 
 observe the movements of the enemy. I ordered fifty men 
 to be sent one mile and a half on the Oxford Road, while 
 a detachment of equal size was sent one mile and a half 
 on the road leading from Gettysburg to York, both de- 
 tachments being under the command of the gallant Major 
 Webber, who from time to time kept me so well informed 
 of the movements of the enemy that I was enabled to make 
 my dispositions with complete success." 
 
 General Gregg placed his two brigades to the left of 
 General Custer's line, taking position between the Balti- 
 more Turnpike and the Hanover Road. The Sixteenth 
 Pennsylvania Cavalry, of Irvin Gregg's Brigade, was dis- 
 mounted and, deploying as skirmishers, moved through 
 the woods in the direction of Gettysburg. It had not pro- 
 ceeded far when a strong picket force of Confederate in- 
 fantry was found. After driving in the outposts for a 
 short distance, the cavalrymen succeeded, in the face of a 
 strong resistance, in establishing their line connecting with 
 the infantry on the left near Wolf's Hill, and extending 
 to the right as far as the Hanover Road. This had 
 scarce been done, when, about noon, a dispatch from General 
 Howard, the commander of the Eleventh Corps, to General 
 Meade, was placed in General Gregg's hands, notifying him 
 that a large body of the enemy's cavalry had been seen 
 from Cemetery Hill moving toward the right of our line. 
 At the same time an order was received from General Pleas- 
 onton, who commanded the Cavalry Corps, directing Cus- 
 ter's Brigade to join its division (Kilpatrick's) on the ex- 
 treme left of the army. Accordingly, Mcintosh's Brigade 
 
13 
 
 was ordered to relieve Custer's, and to occupy his posi- 
 tion co\'ering the intersection of the Hanover and Low 
 Dutch Roads. 
 
 While these movements were going on upon our part, the 
 Confederate cavalry, under Major-General J. E. B. Stuart, 
 which for some time had been cut off from all communi- 
 cation with the main body of Lee's army, was hastening to 
 join it. It is needless here to follow in detail Stuart's 
 earlier movements, but on July 2d, after having encountered 
 Kilpatrick at Hunterstown, he arrived in the vicinity of 
 Gettysburg, and took position on the York and Harrisburg 
 Roads. He, too, had been marching hard and long. Men 
 and horses had, like ours, suffered severely, but, marching 
 as he had been through an enemy's country, his losses from 
 straggling had, of course, been less than those of the Union 
 cavalry. 
 
 During the morning of July 3d, Stuart moved forward 
 to the left and in advance of Ewell's Corps, for the pur- 
 pose of occupying the elevated ground east of Gettys- 
 burg, from which, while protecting the left of Lee's army, 
 he could command a view of the routes leading to the rear 
 of the Army of the Potomac, and could, at the same time, 
 be in position to move out at the proper moment, and 
 there attack it, simultaneously with the grand assault which 
 was to be made upon Cemetery Ridge from the other side by 
 Pickett's Division of Longstreet's Corps, supported by Heth's 
 and Pender's Divisions and Wilcox's Brigade of Hill's Corps. 
 That this was his purpose he tells us almost in so many words. 
 
 To appreciate how well adapted was Stuart's position 
 to such a move, one should stand on yonder hill back of 
 Rummel's. The whole country for miles in front of him, 
 clear up to Cemetery Hill and the Round Tops, lay at 
 
H 
 
 his feet. In his rear a cross-country road branches oiif 
 from the York Turnpike about two and a half miles from 
 Gettysburg, and, crossing over the high ground mentioned by 
 Stuart, runs in a south-easterly direction toward the Low 
 Dutch Road, which connects the York and Baltimore Turn- 
 pikes. This high ground is divided south of the cross- 
 road by the upper valley of Cress' Run, forming two 
 ridges, that west of the run being known as Brinker- 
 hoff's Ridge, and that east of it as Cress' Ridge. A 
 piece of w^oods crowns the easterly side of the ridge 
 on the southerly side of the cross-road, affording protec- 
 tion and cover to the supports of the battery which w'as 
 subsequently placed there. Screened by this and another 
 piece of woods on the opposite side of the cross-road is 
 a large open space on the Stallsmith farm, where the Con- 
 federate leader was enabled to mass and manoeuvre his com- 
 mand unobserved by his opponents. 
 
 The position occupied by the Union cavalry had none 
 of the advantages claimed by Stuart for his own. As he 
 himself states in his official report, the whole country for 
 miles lay at his feet. On the other hand, the ground 
 occupied by his opponents was less commanding, and more 
 exposed to his view. The Low Dutch Road crosses the 
 Hanover Road nearly at right angles, about three and a 
 half miles south-east of Gettysburg, at the Howard house, 
 and, continuing on about two miles farther in a south- 
 westerly direction, strikes the Baltimore Turnpike about one 
 mile and three-fourths south-east of Rock Creek and the 
 rear of centre of our main line of battle. Another cross- 
 country road, from half a mile to a mile nearer Gettys- 
 burg, runs nearly parallel with the Low Dutch Road from 
 the Hanover Road at the Reever house along the valley of 
 Cress' Run, and strikes the Baltimore Turnpike by the 
 
IS 
 
 bridgre over White Run about a mile south-east of the 
 bridge over Rock Creek, close to which, by Powers' Hill, 
 the Reserve Artillery and the ammunition trains were 
 stationed. This, being the shorter and more direct road, 
 was used by our troops in operating between the Bal- 
 timore Turnpike and the Hanover Road. B}- these 
 roads the rear of our main line of battle was directly 
 accessible. About three-fourths of a mile north-east from 
 the intersection of the Low Dutch and Hanover Roads 
 the cross-country road first above mentioned branches 
 off to the north-west toward the York Turnpike and 
 the left centre of Stuart's position. This piece of woods 
 near which we stand, and which since the battle has 
 been somewhat reduced in extent, covered the intersec- 
 tion of the Low Dutch Road and the cross-road on the 
 side toward the enemy's position, extending about equi- 
 distant on each road from near a lane leading down to 
 John Rummel's house and farm-buildings on the north, to 
 the Lott house on the south, a total distance of a half- 
 mile or more. One side of this piece of woods faced 
 the north-west and the enemy's position. Betw^een the 
 ridge on which the Howard house stands, and along 
 which the Low Dutch Road runs, and that part of Cress' 
 Ridge occupied b)- the right of Stuart's line, but close 
 under the latter, is a small creek known as Little's 
 Run, starting from the spring-house at Rummel's. The 
 Rummel farm-buildings eventually became tlie key-point of 
 the field, which lies about three miles east of Gettysburg. 
 The force under Gregg numbered about five thousand 
 men. though not more than three thousand were actually 
 engaged in the fight about to be described. It consisted 
 of the three regiments of McLitosh's Brigade, Irvin Gregg's 
 Brigade, and Custer's Brigade, which, as will appear, re- 
 
i6 
 
 mained on the field. On the other hand Stuart had under 
 his command General Wade Hampton's Brigade, consisting 
 of the First North Carolina and the First and Second 
 South Carolina Cavalry regiments, and Cobb's Georgia, 
 the Jeff Davis, and Phillips' Georgia Legions ; General 
 Fitzhugh Lee's Brigade, consisting of the First, Second, 
 Third, Fourth, and Fifth Virginia Cavalry regiments, and 
 the First Maryland Battalion ; and General W. H. F. Lee's 
 Brigade, under Colonel John R. Chambliss, consisting of 
 the Second North Carolina and the Ninth, Tenth, Thir- 
 teenth, and Fifteenth Virginia Cavalry regiments. To this 
 force was added, for the proposed movements of the day, 
 Jenkins' Brigade of cavalry, under Colonel Milton J. Fergu- 
 son, armed as mounted infantry with Enfield muskets, 
 though short of ammunition, and consisting of the Four- 
 teenth, Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Virginia Cavalry regi- 
 ments, and the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-sixth Virginia 
 Battalions. The artillery with Stuart consisted of McGre- 
 gor's Virginia, Breathed's Maryland, and Griffin's Second 
 Maryland batteries. This entire force has been esti- 
 mated by reliable Confederate authority at between six 
 thousand and seven thousand men.* 
 
 When Mcintosh, shortly before one o'clock in the 
 afternoon, came with his brigade upon the ground occupied 
 by Custer for the purpose of relieving him, he made the 
 necessary inquiries as to his picket line, and the position 
 and force of the enemy. Everything was quiet at the time. 
 Custer reported, however, that the enemy was all around, 
 and that an attack might be expected at any moment. 
 The First New Jersey was at once ordered out, mounted, 
 
 * The information as to the organization of the four Confederate brigades has been 
 obtained from records in possession of the War Department. As to the Confederate 
 artillery the information has been obtained through the kindness of Major H. B, 
 McClellan, formed}^ Assistant Adjutant-General upon the staff of General Stuart. 
 
17 
 
 to relieve Custer's pickets, taking position in the piece of 
 woods on the Low Dutch Road, facing to the north-west, 
 and the Third Pennsylvania and First Maryland were 
 drawn up in columns of squadrons in a clover field west 
 of the Lott house, awaiting developments. While in this 
 position, and a few minutes after one o'clock, the tre- 
 mendous artillery firing which preceded Pickett's attack 
 began. Not being within range, however, the officers and 
 men of the brigade, while allowing their horses to graze, 
 looked with astonishment upon the magnificent spectacle. 
 
 As soon as the Michigan Brigade had moved off for 
 the purpose of joining Kilpatrick near Round Top, Mcin- 
 tosh, who had looked well over the ground, determined to 
 ascertain what force was in his front without waiting to be 
 attacked. Accordingly, about two o'clock, he ordered Major 
 Beaumont to move the First New Jersey forward toward 
 the wooded crest about five-eighths of a mile in front of 
 him and a short distance beyond Rummel's, expecting there 
 to find the enemy. This movement was a signal for the 
 deployment of a skirmish line from Rummel's barn, where 
 a strong picket force of the enemy had been concealed, 
 and which at once occupied a line of fences a short distance 
 in front. The First New Jersey was dismounted and took 
 position behind a fence running parallel with that occupied 
 by the enemy, the right of the line under Major Janeway 
 and the left under Captain Boyd, and immediately became 
 hotly engaged. Two squadrons of the Third Pennsylvania, 
 under Captains Rogers and Treichel, and the Purnell Troop, 
 were deployed dismounted to the left in the open fields, and 
 the two other squadrons of the Third Pennsylvania,* under 
 
 * In the exceptionally hard work of the campaign, this regiment had become so much 
 reduced in numbers that in order to increase its efficiency it had been temporarily 
 consolidated into four squadrons instead of six. 
 
Captains Miller and Walsh, deplo}-ed mounted to the ex- 
 treme right of the whole line, in the woods covering the 
 cross-road above mentioned running toward the enemy's 
 position. Miller on the left of the road and Walsh on the 
 right. To meet this movement the Confederate skirmish 
 line was strongly reinforced by dismounted men, and a 
 battery was placed in position in front of the wooded 
 crest back of the Rummel house. 
 
 The Confederate battery now opened fire, and Penning- 
 ton, whose battery was still in position on the Hanover 
 Road near the Spangler house, replied with promptness. 
 Mcintosh at once sent back for Randol and his guns, at 
 the same time reporting to General Gregg that he was 
 engaged with a greatly superior force, and requesting that 
 Trvin Gregg's Brigade be sent up at a trot to support him. 
 That brigade was yet some distance off, and Gregg, meet- 
 ing Custer on the march in the opposite direction, ordered 
 him to return and reinforce Mcintosh, and to remain on 
 the ground until the Third Brigade could be brought up. 
 Custer, ever ready for a fight, was not loth to do so. Head- 
 ing his column about, he moved up at once to Mcintosh's 
 support, while General Gregg came upon the field and took 
 command of the forces. 
 
 The enemy having filled the large barn at Rummel's 
 with sharp-shooters, who, while picking off our men, were 
 completely protected from our fire, Captain Randol, upon 
 coming on the ground, placed in position, on the edge 
 of an orchard back of the Howard house, a section of his 
 battery under Lieutenant Chester, and opened upon the barn. 
 Shell after shell from Pennington's battery and Chester's sec- 
 tion struck the building, soon compelling the enemy to aban- 
 don it, and, as he did so, the centre of our line advanced and 
 occupied the enemy's line of fences near the farm-buildings. 
 
19 
 
 Having thus pierced his Hne, a force was sent out to take the 
 enemy in flank, which succeeded in driving back the por- 
 tions of Jenkins' Brigade in front of our left centre. This 
 movement caused the left of the enemy's line, held by the 
 dismounted skirmishers of Hampton's and Fitz Lee's Bri- 
 gades, to give way also. The centre and left of our line were 
 thus advanced, and four squadrons of the Sixth Michigan 
 went into position dismounted along Little's Run, on the left 
 of the Purnell Troop, extending still further to the left, so 
 as to cover the Hanover Road, the remainder of the regi- 
 ment supporting them. Randol's second section, under 
 Lieutenant Kinney, an officer of General Tyler's staff who 
 had volunteered to serve with the battery, having come up, 
 he placed it to the left and rear of Chester's section. By 
 the accuracy of their fire and superior range, the two bat- 
 teries soon silenced the enemy's guns on the crest back 
 of Rummel's, as also some others in position more to our left 
 on Brinkerhoff's Ridge. 
 
 Meanwhile a column of Confederate cavalry began to 
 move out of the woods to make a charge upon the right 
 of our line, but it was at once driven back, with some loss, 
 by the effective fire of our artillery. 
 
 As the ammunition of the First New Jersey and Third 
 Pennsylvania was becoming exhausted, the Fifth Michigan, 
 armed with Spencer repeating carbines, was ordered to re- 
 lieve them, and moved up to the front, dismounted, along 
 the line of fences which intersected the field lengthwise. 
 ■ No sooner had it reached the Hne than a dismounted regi- 
 ment from W. H. F. Lee's Brigade advanced to the sup- 
 port of the enemy's skirmishers, and made a terrific on- 
 slaught upon the position. The Fifth Michigan, though 
 short of ammunition from the beginning of the fight, and the 
 troops it had come up to relieve, held the ground stubbornly. 
 
20 
 
 When the fire had slackened, the First New Jersey and 
 the two Third Pennsylvania squadrons, which had been 
 ordered to retire when the Fifth Michigan came up, en- 
 deavored to withdraw. The enemy, believing it a signal 
 of retreat, advanced, first on the right and then on the 
 left. The Jerseymen and Pennsylvanians came back upon 
 the line and assisted in the repulse of the attack, and 
 again and again was this repeated. 
 
 The right of the First New Jersey and of the Fifth Mich- 
 igan remained at their part of the line until the last cartridge 
 was used, and the last pistol emptied, and then fell back, 
 but not until the}' had suffered heavily, among the killed 
 being the gallant Major Ferry of the Fifth Michigan. This 
 movement was taken advantage of by the enemy, and the 
 First Virginia, of Fitz Lee's Brigade, was ordered to charge 
 upon our right centre. As it Avas seen to start, Mcintosh 
 rode over quickly to the Lott house, where he had left 
 the First Maryland prepared for such an emergency. 
 Gregg, however, upon coming on the field, had moved the 
 regiment over to the right to cover the Low Dutch and 
 Hanover Roads for the purpose of guarding more effectually 
 that important quarter. The Seventh Michigan, which was 
 to take its place, was just then coming upon the field 
 from the direction of the Reever house in column of 
 fours. Custer, who was near, also saw the emergency, 
 ordered close column of squadrons to be formed at the 
 gallop, and advanced with it to meet the attack. 
 
 As the First New Jersey retired, the right of the Fifth 
 Michigan swung back and took a position behind the 
 fence which ran nearly parallel with the line of the 
 charging column. 
 
 The Seventh Michigan advanced boldly to meet the 
 First Virginia, but, on coming up to a stone and rail 
 
21 
 
 fence, instead of pushing across it, began firing with their 
 carbines. The First Virginia came on, in spite of the heavy 
 fire, until it reached the fence from the other side. Both 
 regiments then fought face to face across the fence with 
 their carbines and revolvers, while a scorching fire was 
 centred upon the First Virginia from either flank. The 
 enemy's reinforcements at last came up, and assisted the 
 First Virginia to pass the fence, whereupon the Seventh 
 Michigan gave way, the enemy following in close pur- 
 suit. 
 
 The First Virginia, becoming strung out by this move- 
 ment, was exposed to a terrific fire from the two batter- 
 ies in front and the skirmish lines on the flanks, while 
 some of the Fifth Michigan, who had succeeded in 
 mounting, advanced under Major Trowbridge to assist the 
 Seventh. It was more than even the gallant First Virginia 
 could stand, and it was compelled to fall back on its 
 supports, which were fast advancing to its assistance.* 
 
 Just then there appeared in the distance, emerging from 
 behind the screen of woods on the cross-road by the Stall- 
 smith farm, a large mass of cavalry — the brigades of 
 Hampton and Fitz Lee.f Every one saw at once that 
 
 * The statement that this preHminary charge was made by the First Virginia Cavalry 
 of Fitz Lee's Brigade is based upon the autliority of General Stuart's report, con- 
 firmed by a letter of General Fitzhugh Lee. General Stuart further states that the 
 First North Carolina and Jeff Davis Legion were sent to the support of the First 
 Virginia, and that gradually the hand-to-hand fighting involved the greater portion of 
 his command. On the other hand the Rev. George W. Beale, then a lieutenant in 
 the Ninth Virginia Cavalry, in a letter written a few days after the battle, and 
 published in vol. xi. Southern Historical Society Papers, p. 320, stated that the charge 
 was made by the Ninth and Thirteenth Virginia of W. H. F. Lee's Brigade, 
 commanded by Chanibli.ss. General Wade Hampton states in his report that, see- 
 ing that a portion of Chanibliss' command was being driven back by a large 
 force, he ordered the First North Carolina and Jeft" Davis Legion to its supiiort, 
 which drove our people back, but encountering our reserves in heavy force his 
 and Fitz Lee's Brigades charged, and in the hand-to-hand fight which then occurred 
 he was wounded. 
 
 No official reports of the battle made by General Fitzhugh Lee or Colonel Chambliss 
 are to be found among the Confederate official records in the War Department. 
 
 t According to the writer's diary this was about three o'clock. 
 
22 
 
 unless this, the grandest attack of all, were checked, the 
 fate of the day would be decided against the Army of 
 the Potomac. They were Stuart's last reserves, and his 
 last resource. If the Baltimore Pike was to be reached, 
 and havoc created in our rear, the important moment had 
 arrived, as Pickett was even then moving up to the assault 
 of Cemetery Ridge. 
 
 In close columns of squadrons, advancing as if in re- 
 view, with sabres drawn and glistening like silver in the 
 bright sunlight — the spectacle called forth a murmur of 
 admiration. It was, indeed, a memorable one. Chester, 
 whose guns were nearest, opened fire at once, with a range 
 of three-fourths of a mile. Pennington and Kinney soon 
 did the same. Canister and shell were pou'red into the 
 steadily approaching columns as fast as the guns could 
 fire. The dismounted men fell back to the right and left, 
 and such as could got to their horses. The mounted 
 skirmishers rallied and fell into line. Then Gregg rode 
 over to the First Michigan, which, as it had come upon 
 the field a short time before, had formed close column of 
 squadrons supporting the batteries, and gave the word to 
 charge. As Town ordered sabres to be drawn and the 
 column to advance, Custer dashed up with similar orders, 
 and placed himself at its head. The two columns drew 
 nearer and nearer, the Confederates outnumbering their 
 opponents three or four to one. The gait increased — first 
 the trot, then the gallop. Hampton's battle-flag floated in 
 the van of his brigade. The orders of the Confederate 
 officers could be heard, " Keep to your sabres, men, keep 
 to your sabres ! " for the lessons they had learned at 
 Brandy Station and at Aldie had been severe. There the 
 cry had been, " Put up your sabres! Draw your pistols 
 and fight like gentlemen ! " But the sabre was never a 
 
23 
 
 favorite weapon with the Confederate ca\ahy, and now, in 
 spite of the lessons of the past, the warnings of the pres- 
 ent were not heeded by all. 
 
 As the charge was ordered the speed increased, every 
 horse on the jump, every man yelling like a demon. The 
 columns of the Confederates blended, but the perfect align- 
 ment was maintained. Chester put charge after charge of 
 double canister into their midst, his men bringing it up to 
 the guns by the armful. The execution was fearful, but 
 the long rents closed up at once. As the opposing columns 
 drew nearer and nearer, each with perfect alignment, every 
 man gathered his horse well under him, and gripped his 
 weapon the tighter. Though ordered to retire his guns, to- 
 ward which the head of the assaulting column was direct- 
 ed, Chester kept on firing until the enemy was within fifty 
 yards, and the head of the First Michigan had come into 
 the line of his fire. Staggered by the fearful execution of the 
 two batteries, the men in the front of the Confederate col- 
 umn drew in their horses and wavered. Some turned, and 
 the column fanned out to the right and left, but those be- 
 hind came pressing on. Custer, seeing the men in the 
 front ranks of the enemy hesitate, waved his sabre and 
 shouted, " Come on, you wolverines ! " and with a fearful 
 yell the First Michigan rushed on, Custer four lengths 
 ahead. 
 
 Mcintosh, as he saw the Confederate column advancing, 
 sent his Adjutant-General, Captain Walter S. Newhall, with 
 orders to Rogers and Treichel to rally their men for a 
 charge on the flank as it passed. But sixteen men could 
 get their horses, and with five officers they made for 
 the battle-flag. Newhall, sharing the excitement of the 
 moment, rushed in, by the side of Rogers and Treichel, 
 at the head of the little band. Miller, whose squadron 
 
24 
 
 of the Third Pcnnsx-lwinia was ah-cad\' mounted, fired 
 a volley from the woods on the right as the Confederate 
 eolumn passed parallel with his line, and then, with sabres 
 drawn, charged into the overwhelming masses of the 
 enemy. 
 
 The small detachment oi' the Thirtl Penns}-lvania under 
 Rogers and Treichel struck the encnn- first, all making for 
 the color-guard. Xewhall was about seizing the flag when a 
 sabre cut was directed at his head, and he was compelled to 
 parr}' it. At the same moment the color-bearer lowered 
 his spear and struck Newhall full in the face, knocking 
 him senseless to the ground. Nearly every officer and 
 man in the little band was killed or wounded. Almost 
 at the same moment, Miller, with his squadron of the 
 Third Pennsylvania, struck the left flank about two-thirds 
 of the way down the column. Going through and through^ 
 he cut off^ the rear portion and drove it back past Rum- 
 mel's up to the Confederate battery, and nothing but the 
 hea\"\' losses which he had suffered, and the scattering of 
 his men, prevented his going farther and taking it, wound- 
 ed though he was. 
 
 Meanwhile the heads of the two columns had met — 
 the one led b}- Hampton and Fitz Lee, and the other by 
 Custer — and were fighting hand to hand. Mcintosh, with 
 his staff and orderlies, and such scattered men from the 
 Michigan and other regiments as he could get together, 
 charged in with their sabres. For minutes, which seemed 
 like hours, amid the clashing of the sabres, the rattle of 
 the small arms, the frenzied imprecations, the demands 
 to surrender, the undaunted replies and the appeals for 
 mercy, the Confederate column stood its ground. Captain 
 Thomas of the stafT, seeing that a little more was needed 
 to turn the tide, cut his wav over to the woods on the 
 
25 
 
 right, where he knew he could find Hart, who had re- 
 mounted his squadron of the First New Jersey. In the 
 melee, near the colors, was an officer of high rank, and the 
 two headed the squadron for that part of the fight. They 
 came within reach of him with their sabres, and then it 
 was that Wade Hampton was wounded. 
 
 By this time the edges of the Confederate column had 
 begun to wear away, and the outside men to draw back. 
 As Hart's squadron and the other small parties charged in 
 from all sides, the enemy turned. Then there was a pell- 
 mell rush, our men following in close pursuit. Many 
 prisoners were captured, and many of our men, through 
 their impetuosity, were carried away by the overpowering 
 current of the retreat. 
 
 The pursuit was kept up past Rummel's, and the enemy 
 was driven back into the woods beyond. The line of fences, 
 and the farm-buildings, the key-point of the field, which 
 in the beginning of the fight had been in the possession 
 of the enemy, remained in ours until the end. The enemy, 
 however, established and maintained a skirmish line on his 
 side of the farm-buildings, and for a time kept up a brisk 
 firing, but all serious fighting for the day was over, for 
 Pickett's simultaneous attack upon Cemetery Ridge had 
 also been repulsed, and the victor^-- along our line was com- 
 plete. Skirmishing and some desultory artillery' firing were 
 kept up at intervals by both forces until after nightfall, 
 these disturbances being for the most part caused by the 
 enemy's endeavors to recover his killed and wounded, who 
 were lying thickly strewn over the field in our possession. 
 At dark Stuart withdrew to the York Turnpike, preparatory 
 to covering the retreat of Lee's army toward the Potomac. In 
 the evening Custer's Brigade was ordered to join its division. 
 Gregg remained all night in possession of the field of the 
 
26 
 
 hand-to-hand contest, and in the morning his Third Brigade 
 started in pursuit of the retreating enemy. * 
 
 The brunt of the fighting in Gregg's Division was borne 
 by the Third Pennsylvania and First New Jersey Cav- 
 ahy regiments, for, by the time the Third Brigade had 
 come up, the Michigan Brigade had gotten so deeply 
 into the fight that it could not be withdrawn. The Third 
 Brigade, together with the First Massachusetts Cavalry, 
 which latter, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel 
 Greely S. Curtis, had come upon the field during the fight, 
 and Rank's section of artillery, had consequently been held 
 in reserve, close at hand, drawn up in column of regiments 
 on the south side of the Hanover Road west of the Low 
 Dutch Road, near the Spangler house. The Sixteenth Penn- 
 sylvania Cavalry remained all day, and until late into the 
 night, upon the skirmish line established in the morning, 
 interchanging at frequent intervals a brisk fire with the 
 enemy's infantry, especially about the Deodorf farm-build- 
 ings which were filled with his sharpshooters, and at one 
 time repulsing a vigorous attack upon the line, thus ef- 
 ficiently maintaining the connection between our infantry and 
 cavalry, and preventing a flank attack from that quarter of 
 the field. The moral effect of the presence of these troops 
 in full view of the field of the fighting, and easily observed 
 
 * The Comte de Paris states (Vol. iii., Am. Ed., Hist, of Civil War in America, page 
 673, &c.) that Stuart's object was to move his command west of Cress' Ridge, so as to turn 
 the left of the Union cavalry unobserved, and thus separating it from the rest of the 
 army, to strike the Baltimore Turnpike without waiting for the issue of the great strug- 
 gle, in order to create a panic in the rear of our main line of battle, the effect of which 
 would be decisive upon the battlefield, but that his presence havnig been disclosed by the 
 debouching of Hampton's and Fitz Lee's Brigades into the open fields beyond Rummel's, 
 and Mcintosh having forced the fighting, he (Stuart) was compelled to leave those 
 brigades to detain the Union cavalry north of the Hanover Road while he continued his 
 movement with Jenkins' Brigade and that commanded by Chambliss, which also were 
 soon forced to join in the fight, the consequence being that he was prevented from 
 accomplishing his object. 
 
27 
 
 from the enemy's position, went far toward securin^e^ the 
 successful results of the day. 
 
 The losses of the Confederate cavalry were undoubtedly 
 heavy, but were never ascertained. General Gregg re- 
 ported his losses to be, one officer and thirty-three enlisted 
 men killed, seventeen officers and one hundred and forty 
 enlisted men wounded, and one officer and one hundred 
 and three enlisted men missing — total, two hundred and 
 ninety-five. Custer in his official report stated his losses to 
 be, nine officers and sixty-nine enlisted men killed, twenty-five 
 officers and two hundred and seven enlisted men wounded, 
 and seven officers and two hundred and twenty-five enlist- 
 ed men missing — total, fi\e hundred and forty-two. 
 
 It has been said that Gregg's fight at Gett\-sburg was 
 one of the finest cavalry fights of the war. To borrow 
 the language of Custer in his report of it : "I challenge 
 the annals of w^arfare to produce a more brilliant or suc- 
 cessful charge of cavalry than the one just recounted." 
 
 Stuart, according to his custom, claimed in his official 
 report that the Union cav-alry was driven from the field of 
 the engagement, thus insinuating that he was the victor of 
 the fight, and other Confederates are now doing likewise. 
 That Ave, on the contrary, remained masters of the field is 
 maintained by Generals Pleasonton, Gregg and Custer, 
 and Colonels Tow^n and Alger, in their official reports. In 
 denying Stuart's unwarranted insinuation you, my com- 
 rades, will also bear me out.* 
 
 * As has been stated in the text, the Union cavalry, at one time, when the two 
 Confederate brigades almost reached our guns, was nearly driven from the field of 
 the main fight, but Stuart omits to report correctly what followed our counter-charge, 
 and his words leave an incorrect impression. 
 
 Since the Union and Confederate commanders each claimed to have driven the other 
 from the field, the Comte de Paris endeavors to settle the question by stating that the 
 ground was abandoned by both parties. 
 
28 
 
 We cavalrymen have always held that we saved the day at 
 the most critical moment of the battle of Gettysburg — the 
 greatest battle and the turning point of the War of the Rebel- 
 lion. I know that it has not been the custom among histo- 
 rians to give us credit for having done so, nor, except very 
 recently, to give us credit for having done anything. So 
 fierce was the main engagement, of which the infantry bore 
 the brunt, that the fighting on the part of the cavalry passed 
 almost unnoticed ; yet this was the only battle of the War in 
 which the three arms of the service fought in combination 
 and at the same time, each within supporting distance and 
 within sight of the other, and each in its proper sphere. 
 The turmoil incident to an active campaign allowed us no 
 opportunity to write up our achievements, and no news- 
 correspondents were allowed to sojourn with us, to do it 
 for us. But now that the official records of the campaign, 
 both Union and Confederate, have been brought together, 
 and, for the first time, been made accessible, and the offi- 
 cial map of this field has been prepared,* the Great His- 
 torian of the War, as yet unknown, and perhaps unborn, 
 will have at hand materials which have been denied to 
 others. He will see the importance of the fight which I 
 have attempted to describe, and will give it the credit 
 due to it. Had Stuart succeeded in his well-laid plan, 
 and, with his large force of cavalry, struck the Army of 
 the Potomac in the rear of its line of battle, simultaneously 
 with Pickett's magnificent and furious assault in its front, 
 when our infantry had all it could do to hold on to the line 
 of Cemetery Ridge, and but little more was needed to make 
 the assault a success, — the merest tyro in the art of war 
 can readily tell what the result would have been. Fortu- 
 
 * In pursuance of the act of Congress of June 9th, 1880. 
 
29 
 
 nately for us ; fortunately for the Army of the Potomac ; 
 fortunately for our Country and the cause of human liberty, 
 he failed. Thank God that he did fail, and that, with His 
 Divine Assistance, the good fight fought here brought 
 victory to our arms ! 
 
 Comrades, your work here is now done — well done. This 
 shaft, beautiful in its simplicity, will stand when we are 
 gone, to point out in silence, from far and near, and for 
 all time let us hope, the spot on which you fought so 
 well. 
 
 Before we part, never perhaps to meet again, let us not 
 forget to pause one moment, and in our inmost thoughts 
 pay a reverent tribute to the memory of those brave 
 men, our companions-in-arms, who here poured forth the 
 full measure of their lives' devotion for the Cause they 
 loved. And what shall I say to those who yet survive ? 
 That you, my comrades, bore each your share in that good 
 fight will always be to you a pleasing memory, and when 
 your children and your children's children hear and read 
 of what you did on this historic field, it will ever be to 
 them a source of honorable pride that you fought with 
 Gre^or on the Right Flank at Gettysburg. 
 
 'fc3t> 
 
 "Oh ! jjlorious field of Gettj-sburg ! 
 High in the rolls of fame, 
 With Waterloo and Marathon 
 Sliall men inscribe thy name !" 
 
ADDITIONAL NOTP:. 
 
 General Custer, in his official report of the services of his brigade in the battle, inad- 
 vertently included his losses in the whole of the Gettysburg campaign. Though suspected 
 at the time the text was written, this was not definitely ascertained to be a fact until the 
 official records in the War Department, subsequently collated, proved it to be so. The 
 writer was careful in the text to assume no responsibility in quoting General Custer's 
 estimate of losses. General Gregg's estimate included as well the losses in Mcintosh's 
 and Irvin Gregg's brigades as those in Custer's brigade. Owing to the much fuller com- 
 plement of the latter and the numbers engaged the proportion of its losses were much 
 larger than those of the other brigades. According to the final corrected statement pre- 
 pared by the War Department its records show the losses to have been as follows: July 
 2d, in Mcintosh's and Irvin Gregg's brigades, four enlisted men killed, twelve enlisted 
 men wounded, and one officer and three enlisted men captured and missing— total, 
 twenty; July 3d, in Mcintosh's, Irvin Gregg's, and Custer's brigades, one officer and 
 twenty-nine enlisted men killed, eighteen officers and one hundred and thirty-one enlisted 
 men wounded, and seventy-five enlisted men captured and missing— total, two hundred 
 and fifty-four; total on right flank, July 2d and 3d, three hundred and nine. This estimate 
 does not include the losses of the batteries. 
 
 In consequence of the movements of the cavalry during and following the battle, and 
 the lapse of time before the rolls were prepared, some of the killed were included in the 
 report of "captured and missing." 
 
c 
 
 "Vl^^^M^U-f {/^<^^C>Op^t^ ^"^V*^ 
 
 Gregg's Cavalry Tight 
 
 AT 
 
 (jcttysburg. 
 
 X 
 
f-fi%^3